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  • Articles  (110)
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  • 42.65  (55)
  • Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops)  (55)
  • Springer  (110)
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  • 1995-1999  (110)
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  • Physics  (110)
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  • Articles  (110)
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  • Springer  (110)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parametrically induced light diffraction in crystals with second-order susceptibility (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 421-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The theoretical description of parametric cascaded processes produced by intersecting beams in crystals with second-order susceptibility is presented. A common system of equations in the Slowly Varying Amplitude (SVA) approximation is used to treat the phenomenon. This approach provides a description of overall self-diffraction processes and the equations are well suited for numerical simulations. A relation between phase-matching conditions for parametric cascading processes and diffraction efficiency is found. Pump depletion influence is analysed. The results of numerical simulations are in good agreement with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081321
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odd and even two-dimensional dark spatial solitons (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The formation of two-Dimensional (2D) odd dark spatial solutions is analyzed numerically at an initial helical dark-beam phase distribution. Experimental results are presented for the first time confirming the existence of two-dimensional optical even dark solitons (ring dark solitons). Several aspects of the evolution of input 1D and 2D odd/even dark beams are compared qualitatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090982
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of 6.8–7.7 µm radiation in lithium iodate (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 489-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 63.20 ; 78.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Generation of infrared radiation in ts-infrared transmission window (6.8–7.7 µm) is reported for the first time by non-collinear difference-frequency mixing of the Nd: YAG second harmonic and the same-pumped dye (Rh-610) laser radiation in a lithium-iodate crystal. The spectrum of polythene sheets was run with the generated radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081278
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of three-wave-phase development on the stimulated Raman scatttering in an electron plasma (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 309-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 52.40 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the development of the three-wave phase on the amplitude of the pumping laser light, the scattered light, and the electron plasma wave are studied. Analytical solutions are obtained to describe a pumping laser light decreasing with time and the development of the electron plasma wave and scattered wave from an initial increasing state to saturation and finally to a decaying state which is closely related to the three-wave phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080961
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birth and evolution of wave-front dislocations in a laser beam passed through a photorefractive LiNbO3: Fe crystal (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on an experimental and numerical investigation of the process of spontaneous optical vortices nucleation in a wave front of a laser beam passed through a photorefractive LiNbO3 : Fe crystal with self-induced nonlinear lens. The complex lens structure produces mainly defocusing of the beam passing through the crystal due to a negative variation of the refractive index, whereas side parts of the lens have a positive sign of refractive-index variation and partially focus the beam. The resulting wave-front distortions lead to a phase bifurcation occurring at a certain distance after the crystal when the amplitude of the light wave becomes zero. We study in detail the process of edge dislocation nucleation and its decay in the near field producing a pair of unity-charged opposite-sign screw dislocations. After birth, they spread along dislocation axes as stable objects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081045
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excited-state absorption and third-order optical nonlinearities in symmetric π-electron organic molecules (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 31.20.Nt ; 42.65 ; 42.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excited-State Absorption (ESA), Two-Photon Absorption (TPA) and the third-order polarizability γ(ω;ω,ω, − ω) have been investigated for a model dichloride derivative of a symmetrically substituted benzylidene analine (SBAC), using a multielectron configuration-interaction procedure. The calculations indicate that SBAC exhibits ESA across the visible region of the spectrum, but that it is not as extensive as for molecules such as the phthalocyanines. The magnitude of the third-order polarizability is dominated by resonance enhancement from a very strongA g →B u one-photon absorption. The calculated off-resonance value for γ(ω;ω,ω, − ω) suggests that SBAC is a potential candidate for ultrafast switching applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01112837
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of high-order rotational lines by four-wave Raman mixing using a high-power picosecond Ti:Sapphire laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 51.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract More than thirty rotational lines equally spaced by 587 cm−1 are generated simultaneously in the vicinity of the fundamental line by four-wave Raman mixing using a high-power picosecond Ti:Sapphire laser as a pump source and hydrogen as a Raman medium. Since the wavelength of this multifrequency laser emission extends from the near-infrared to the near-ultraviolet, it can be utilized as a tunable light source for picosecond spectroscopy. Because of the wide spectral bandwidth available, this procedure has great potential for the generation of ultrashort laser pulses by mode-locking these emission lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01095260
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefraction in the ultraviolet: Materials and effects (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 351-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.25.Bs ; 42.65 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Doped as well as nominally pure crystals of Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3), ι-Arginine Phosphate (LAP), Lithium Iodate (LiIO3), Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP), Lithium Formate (LFM), Beta-Barium Borate (BBO), and lithium tetra borate were grown and investigated for photorefractive effects at ultraviolet wavelengths down to 333 nm. In nominally undoped LiNbO3 crystals strong beam coupling effects were observed. In contrast to the visible we revealed a diffusion-dominated charge transport mechanism based on holes, and a low photovoltaic field in the order of 550 V/cm. With such a crystal we investigated the modulation transfer function of a lensless image projection system based on a phase conjugation scheme. A spatial frequency response beyond 2800 line pairs per millimeter was observed. Photorefractive beam coupling was also obtained in LiIO3. Light-induced scattering was detected in iron-doped LiIO3 whereas as-grown LAP material did not exhibit any observable photorefractive effects. However, 100 kV X-ray irradiation seems to induce material defects which can lead to weak light-induced scattering at 351 nm. In all other above-mentioned materials, doped as well as undoped, light-induced scattering could not be observed. On the other hand, this is appreciated in all the applications where the crystals are used as nonlinear material for optical frequency conversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081535
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous-wave mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole burning (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We systematically investigate the difference between both actively and passively mode-locked lasers with Gain-at-the-End (GE) and Gain-in-the-Middle (GM) at the example of Nd:YLF lasers. The GE laser generates pulse widths approximately three times shorter than a comparable GM cavity. This is due to enhanced Spatial Hole Burning (SHB) which effectively flattens the saturated gain and allows for a larger lasing bandwidth compared to a GM cavity. We first investigate enhanced SHB by measuring the cw mode spectrum, where we have observed that the mode spacing in GE cavities depends primarily on the crystal length. This was also confirmed for a Nd:LSB crystal, where the pump absorption length was significantly shorter than the crystal length. In mode-locked operation, pulse widths of 4 ps for passive mode locking and 5 ps for active mode locking are demonstrated with GE cavities, compared to 11 ps for passive and 17 ps for active mode locking with GM cavities. Additionally, the time-bandwidth product for the GE cavity is approximately twice the ideal product for a sech2 pulse shape and cannot be improved by dispersion compensation alone, while the GM cavity has nearly ideal time-bandwidth-limited performance. The results for the GM cavity compare well to existing theories taking into account the added effect of pump-power-dependent gain bandwidth which increases the bandwidth of Nd: YLF from 360 to 〉 500 GHz. In a following paper [1] (called Part II) a rigorous theoretical treatment of the effects due to SHB will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081271
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shot-by-shot frequency calibration of CARS spectra: Application to the measurement of the collisional line shift in oxygen (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 521-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 42.65 ; 33.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique using a Fabry-Perot interferometer has been developed to calibrate high-resolution spectra obtained by Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS). This technique was used to measure simultaneously the Raman frequency and the Raman signal at each laser shot. We demonstrate the accuracy of the method by measuring theQ(15) line shifts of molecular oxygen due to collisions with oxygen and water vapour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081054
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-photon excitation of atomic oxygen using a Raman-shifted ArF-excimer laser (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.00 ; 42.65 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A novel method for exciting the two-photon 2p 3 3p 3 P ←2p 4 3 P atomic oxygen transition is reported. The transition energy is provided by the combined photon energies of the second and third Stokes orders of a deuterium-filled Raman shifter pumped by an ArF-excimer laser. The ArF-excimer-pumped Raman shifter performance is characterized and the approach is demonstrated in an atomic oxygen population created by molecular oxygen absorption and predissociation in room air.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082074
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SBS mirrors for XeCl lasers with a broad spectrum (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.60. Da
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold of focused broad-band XeCl laser radiation depends on the ratio of the coherence length to the Rayleigh range, which is affected by the transverse beam quality. With reduction of the focal length, the threshold decreases first and then reaches a nearly constant value. In addition, the energy reflectivity is increased. On the other hand, pulse shortening occurs and the phase conjugation fidelity is decreased. Separation of single lines from the structured XeCl laser spectrum improves the SBS efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090975
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-photon absorption and its limitation of third-order nonlinear optical effects in rutile (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.65 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three-photon absorption and three-photon-induced excited-state absorption of rutile are studied by transmission measurements using picosecond pulses of a mode-locked Nd: glass laser. The nonlinear absorption limits efficient stimulated Raman scattering. It reduces the efficiency of two-photon absorption of a picosecond probe continuum. Three-photon absorption coefficients, excited-state absorption cross sections, a Raman gain factor, and two-photon absorption cross-section spectra are determined. The arrangementsE⊥c andE ∥c are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090933
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the KNSBN: Cu crystal with two-wave coupling at visible and infrared wavelengths (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.70.Gz ; 42.30.Va ; 42.40.Kw ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have optically characterized the newly-developed photorefractive crystal KNSBN: Cu by two-wave coupling at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The effective electrooptic coefficientsξ(k g)r 13 andξ(k g)r 33, the effective charge carrier densityN eff, the dark conductivityσ d, the product of mobility and electron-trap recombination timeμτ R, the formation and decay rate of index grating and the absorption coefficientα of the crystal were determined from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Their wavelength dependences were also studied. It is interesting to notice that the KNSBN: Cu crystal has a very largeN eff and large gain coefficientΓ for ordinary ray (o-ray) in the visible region, and the photorefractive properties of the crystal are very different in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090945
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a dual-wavelength dye-laser system for the UV and its application to simultaneous multi-element detection (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 82.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the design and performance characteristics of a pulsed tunable dye laser system for the simultaneous generation of two UV wavelengths are presented. The system is composed of an oscillator and an amplifier stage, pumped by the second harmonic of a commercial Nd:YAG laser. Dual-wavelength operation is achieved with one additional tuning mirror introduced to the prism expanded grazing incidence oscillator. The two obtained wavelengths are independently tunable, their separation is only limited by the gain profile of the dye. Both wavelengths are frequency doubled by Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) in two KDP or BBO crystals. Performance characteristics such as bandwidth, efficiency, tuning range and wavelength separation are reported. As application two such systems are used for the simultaneous detection of the four elements cadmium, nickel, manganese and lead by Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry in a graphite furnace (ETA-LEAFS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081533
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermometry of an oxy-acetylene flame using multiplex degenerate four-wave mixing of C2 (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 39-44 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 33.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thermometry of an oxy-acetylene flame using multiplex Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM) of C2 is demonstrated. More than 100 rotational transitions in thed 3 Π g ←a 3 Π u (0,0) Swan band of C2 could be recorded simultaneously by use of a pulsed, broad bandwidth “modeless” laser. Temperatures were inferred by fitting temperature-dependent synthetic spectra of single- or multiple-shot averaged spectra. The strength and reliability of recorded signals together with the large number of rotational lines observed suggest that multiplex DFWM is a promising technique for minor species detection and for temporally resolved temperature measurements in luminous environments. Factors influencing the accuracy and precision of single-shot thermometry using the technique are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081245
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical restoration of photorefractive holograms (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.30 ; 42.40 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the possibility of restoration and/or enhancement of decaying holograms in photorefractive media by using a simple optical readout in conjunction with a phase conjugator. The results indicate that extremely weak holograms can be enhanced provided that the two-beam coupling is sufficiently strong. Steady-state photorefractive holograms can be maintained continuously without decay by using a self-enhanced readout scheme. The results also provide an explanation for the formation of mutually pumped phase conjugation in terms of the amplification of an initial noise grating. The results are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081282
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of a compact blue-green stimulated hydrogen Raman shifter (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 78.30 ; 78.32 ; 42.70 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A design of a compact blue-green stimulated Raman shifter pumped by the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser is presented. Design parameters given here are based on our experimental investigation of various optimization techniques involving parametric studies. Blue-green energy conversion of up to 66% is achieved. The problem of optical breakdown is addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081047
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature measurements in CO2-laser-induced pyrolysis flames for SiC and ternary SiC/C/B powder synthesis by means of CARS (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 609-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The hot luminescent reaction zones of CO2-laser-induced pyrolysis flames using SiH4/C2H2 gas mixtures with different silane to acetylene ratios and with and without diborane additives were investigated by means of H2 Q-branch CARS spectroscopy, leading to spatial temperature profiles in gas flow direction. In the case of B2H6 additive to the stoichiometric SiH4/C2H2 mixture a high temperature plateau (≈ 800–1000 K) of the reactant gas volume develops already several millimetres before reaching the CO2-laser focus line. This precursor preheating zone could be explained by the catalytic effect of boron atoms or boron-containing intermediate species in the flame. A similar behaviour for acetylene-rich flames operating at half laser power was not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081699
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel guiding of signal beams by a ring dark soliton (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 145-150 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Guiding of multiple signal beams in an induced all-optical cable is studied theoretically. A balance relation is derived for the interaction geometry and undistorted propagation of bright elliptical signal beams nested in a single ring dark soliton. The numerical analyses show a remarkable misalignment stability of the parallel guiding scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01095265
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grating feedback in a 810 nm broad-area diode laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60B ; 42.60D ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Narrow linewidth, single spectral mode operation has been obtained in a high power, 810 nm broad-area diode laser in an extended cavity configuration with a grating as external reflector (grating feedback). For stable operation it was necessary to misalign the feedback slightly in the plane of the laser junction. Characteristics of the thus obtained laser system are a linewidth below 5 MHz, an output intensity of about 50% of the free running power, a large-scale tuning range of 15 nm and continuous scanning over 4 GHz. In the spatial domain, the laser remains multimode and astigmatic. To show the practical applicability of this system, saturated absorption of a krypton line is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01095259
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of mid-infrared and far-infrared emission, generated at NH3 excitation by intense radiation of a TEA CO2 laser, on ammonia absorption (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.00 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of Mid-InfraRed (MIR) (λ ≅ 12 μm) and Far-InfraRed (FIR) (λ ≽ 100 μm) emission from excited ammonia on the absorption of intense radiation of a TEA CO2 laser has been studied experimentally under collisional and collisionless excitation conditions with ammonia pressures from 0.5 to 0.03 Torr. The energy of MIR and FIR emission was studied as a function of NH3 pressure and laser energy fluence. Particular emphasis was given to the kinetics of MIR and FIR emission generation at different NH3 pressures and to the measurement of the time delay of re-emitted pulses relative to the exciting CO2 laser pulse. It has been found that the re-emission in the MIR range is highly collisional in nature. The intensity of MIR emission drops sharply (asp 3) with decreasing NH3 pressure and its delay time relative to the exciting laser pulse increases. At the same time, re-emission in the FIR range (in the case of resonant excitation of NH3 at the 9R (30) line of CO2 laser) is observed during an exciting pulse up top 〈 0.03 Torr. When binding the rotational sub-levels of a molecule with transitions, FIR emission acts as rotational relaxation and thus leads to an increase in NH3 IR absorption even at collisionless excitation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01828738
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuously tunable long-wavelength cw IR source for high-resolution spectroscopy and trace-gas detection (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 437-441 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 7.65 ; 33.00 ; 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new widely tunable source in the infrared for use in high-resolution spectroscopy and trace-gas detection is described. This spectroscopic source is based on Difference Frequency Generation (DFG) in gallium selenide (GaSe) and is continuously tunable in the 8.8–15.0 μm wavelength region. Such a DFG source operates at room temperature which makes it a useful alternative to a lead-salt diode-laser- based detection system that requires cryogenic temperatures and numerous individual diode lasers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01828938
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    H2 CARS thermometry in a fuel-rich, premixed, laminar CH4/air flame in the pressure range between 5 and 40 bar (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 49-57 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.20 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract To establish H2 CARS thermometry at high pressure, accumulated H2 Q-branch CARS spectra were recorded in the exhaust of a fuel-rich CH4/air flame at pressures between 5 and 40 bar. Temperatures were deduced by fitting theoretical spectra to experimental data points. The Energy-Corrected Sudden (ECS) scaling law was employed to set up an empirical model for the calculation of H2 linewidths in high-pressure hydrocarbon flames with H2 as a minority species. Experimental H2 CARS spectra could be simulated very accurately with this model. The evaluated temperatures agreed well with reference temperatures obtained by spontaneous rotational Raman scattering of N2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090971
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Origin of the resonant optical Kerr nonlinearity in Cd(S, Se)-doped glasses and related topics (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 17-26 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract After having reported preliminary results related to saturation, we first theoretically consider the various mechanisms contributing to the resonant optical Kerr effect in Cd(S, Se)-doped glasses. We obtain the expression for the expected effective susceptibility in different possible cases. This nonlinearity is studied experimentally using optical-phase conjugation in the low-intensity regime. We show that, by time resolving the nonlinear response of such glasses having experienced various degrees of photodarkening, we can clearly assess the origin of the resonant optical Kerr effect in these materials. Usually, a combination of a fast free-carrier contribution due to particles without traps and of a slow trapped-carrier one due to particles with traps is observed. For the free-carrier contribution, induced absorption is observed to be almost as important as absorption saturation. We also report frequency-dependent measurements and discuss the change in absorption spectrum and the increase of the nonradiative decay rate that accompany darkening.
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    High-efficiency multicolour Q-switched Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2 laser (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 213-215 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract Energy output of 400 mJ, an order of magnitude higher than reported previously is obtained in aQ-switched flashlamp-pumped Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2 laser. No pronounced saturation of the output energy with respect to the pump energy is observed. Multiwavelength operation due to efficient Stokes conversion in the laser crystal is demonstrated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090946
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    Efficient vacuum-ultraviolet generation by anti-Stokes Raman scattering using a cryogenic Raman cell (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 319-323 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55 ; 07.60 ; 07.20
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the increase of efficiency for high-order anti-Stokes Raman scattering using a cryogenic Raman cell. By cooling the cell to liquid-nitrogen temperature, output energies of the 9th-order anti-Stokes wave at 133 nm in normal hydrogen were enhanced by a factor of 10, and the 11th-order anti-Stokes line at 141 nm in normal deuterium appeared, while no output was observed at room temperature. No output energy enhancement, however, was obtained using cooled para-hydrogen as a result of multiple rotational Raman scattering. For long-term operation, the output window surface of the Raman cell was kept at above 200 K in order to protect it from deposition, the absorption of which is detrimental to VUV transmission.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081530
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    Multiwave-pumped mirrorless parametric oscillation in BaTiO3 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 415-419 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 72.40 ; 78.20
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    Notes: Abstract We report on the observation of mirrorless oscillation in photorefractive BaTiO3 pumped by two pairs of two nearly counterpropagating light waves, each of them containing an ordinary and an extraordinary component of polarization. The oscillation waves are located on a cone with an apex angle defined by the phase-matching conditions of this process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081269
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    Ti:Sapphire-pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators based on KTiOPO4 and RTiOAsO4 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 437-442 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract The design, configuration and operation of Ti:Sapphire-laser-pumped femtosecond Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPOs) using KTP and RTA are described. The results presented include configurations capable of producing transform-limited pulses shorter than 40 fs and operating with pump powers as low as 50 mW. Tunability within the 1–3 µn spectral region is demonstrated using pump-tuning alone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081323
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    Visible femtosecond pulses by second-harmonic generation of a cw mode-locked KTP optical parametric oscillator (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 453-458 
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    Notes: Abstract Efficient generation of femtosecond pulses in the wavelength range from 520 to 675 nm by external frequency doubling the signal wave of a non-critically phase-matched picosecond KTP Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) in a non-critically phase-matched temperature tuned LiB3O5(LBO) crystal is demonstrated. An average power of the second harmonic as high as 310 mW at 575 nm was generated. In the absence of group velocity mismatch of LBO for a wavelength of the OPO at about 1.3 µm the minimum second-harmonic pulse width was 400 fs at 645 nm.
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    Four-photon parametric processes pumped by optical pulses with noise structure (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 571-572 
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    Keywords: 42.65 ; 72.70
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    Notes: Abstract A theoretical model of a transient nonlinear four-photon interaction in a fibre is proposed. An optimization of the efficiency of the parametric conversion is suggested.
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    CARS thermometry in a transversely heated graphite-tube atomizer used in atomic absorption spectrometry (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 201-205 
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    Notes: Abstract An experimental setup for gas-temperature diagnostics using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) in very small sample volumes with great spatial and temporal temperature variations is presented. Studies have been started of a newly designed transversely heated graphite-tube atomizer for atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer, 4100 ZL). For the investigations, high spatial resolution and precise time synchronization of the measurements and also automatic control of the time-dependent intensity of the anti-Stokes signal were realized. The graphite-tube atomizer also offers the possibility of high-temperature-gas spectroscopy. A high-temperature CARS spectrum of CO2, recorded in the graphite tube at 2300 K, is shown for the first time. A number of hot-band transitions in the spectral region of the Fermi doublet at a Raman shift from 1230 to 1450cm−1 was observed and assigned, making possible the use of CO2 as “spectroscopic thermometer gas”, similar to N2.
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    Polarization-spectroscopic measurement and spectral simulation of OH (A 2 Σ−X 2 Π) and NH (A 3 Π−X 3 Σ) transitions in atmospheric pressure flames (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 421-427 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.00 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract Polarization spectroscopy has been used to investigate the electronic bands of OH (A 2 Σ-X 2 Π) and NH (A 3 Π-X 3 Σ) radicals generated in atmospheric pressure flames. The pump-beam intensity dependence of the polarization-spectroscopy signals of isolated lines in theR branches has been studied. It was found that significant saturation is noticeable for pump-beam intensities as low as 0.1 MW/cm2. A detailed theoretical description inluding laser-bandwidth convolutions has been developed to model unsaturated polarization spectra of OH and NH. For OH, temperature evaluations have been performed in methane/air flames from fits to experimentalR 1 band head spectral structures. The results are critically dependent on the degree of saturation in experimental spectra, instrumental bandwidth and the assumed coupling cases in the calculation of line-strength parameters. It is shown that saturation leads to an error of more than 60% in the temperature evaluation when a pump-beam intensity of 1 MW/cm2 is used.
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    Continuous-wave mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole burning (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 569-579 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract In Part I of this paper [1] experimental results were presented and discussed. In this part, we investigate theoretically the dynamics of end-pumped solid-state lasers due to enhanced spatial hole burning. This becomes possible by a fast numerical implementation of the saturated gain in the presence of strong spatial hole burning that allows to treat the multimode case for an arbitrary pumping level. We find for a wide range of laser parameters that the mode spacing of the cw running modes is essentially determined by the length of the gain medium and only weakly depends on the absorption depth of the pump transition. It is shown that spatial hole burning can lead to a completely flat saturated gain profile over half of the gain bandwidth. In mode-locked lasers, the flat gain due to spatial hole burning results in shorter pulses. But the pulses are neither Gaussian-nor sech-shaped as they are in actively or passively mode-locked lasers without spatial hole burning. Further, we show that soliton-like pulse shaping can be used to restore a transform-limited sech-shaped pulse in an end-pumped solid-state laser while exploiting the full gain bandwidth of the laser material.
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    Relation of pump-beam quality and conversion efficiency in the Raman downward conversion (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 59-64 
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    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 78.30
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    Notes: Abstract To investigate the full conversion of pump power to the Stokes waves in stimulated Raman scattering with a single-pass cell, unconverted pump energies have been analyzed in detail in relation to the first Stokes, second Stokes and first anti-Stokes energies. Adoption of a long focusing configuration with a high-pressure cell was found to be effective but insufficient to suppress the four-wave mixing effect, because a small amount of pump energy always remained undepleted. Comparison of the results using pump beams of various spectral and spatial mode characteristics from alexandrite and Nd:YAG lasers revealed that the spatial mode quality was the most critical parameter for full depletion of a pump pulse.
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    Phase measurements of ring dark solitons (1996)
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    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 139-142 
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A four-frame technique for interferogram analysis is used to measure the transverse phase distribution of nonlinearly split 2D dark beams. Pairs of diametrical phase shifts within each ring are retrieved from the experiment. This result is one of the tests required to denote the formations observed as ring dark solitons.
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    Reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting in indanthrone dyes (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 293-297 
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    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.65 ; 42.70
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    Notes: Abstract Fluence dependence of transmission in three dyes, viz. indanthrone, dichloroindanthrone and violanthrone, is reported at 532 nm as well as at 1.06 µm. These dyes show optical limiting at both these wavelengths for nanosecond pulses. The limiting is due to the combined effect of reverse saturable absorption from the triplet state and thermal defocussing in the dye solutions.
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    Polarization spectroscopy applied to C2 detection in a flame (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 5-10 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 33.20
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    Notes: Abstract The detection of C2 radicals in a premixed acetylene-oxygen flame by using polarization spectroscopy is reported. The signal was recorded in the Swan system,d 3 II g−a 3 II u (0, 0), using a pulsed dye laser. The spectrum shows a very good signal-to-noise ratio with clearly resolved rotational structures of theP andR triplets. The dependence of the signal on the pump-beam polarization was also studied. The spatial distribution of the signal from C2 radicals in the flame was measured as a demonstration of the use of polarization spectroscopy in combustion diagnostics.
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    Single-valued determination of second-order nonlinear susceptibilities by quarter-wave-plate rotation (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 135-141 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a new technique to determine the complex-valued tensor components of the nonlinear surface susceptibility χ s (2) of isotropic adsorbate layers. It is based on a change of the state of the fundamental polarization by rotation of a quarter-wave plate. We verify the theoretical predictions by measurements on a Langmuir-Blodgett film of a highly nonlinear hemicyanine dye in total reflection geometry. The obtained second-harmonic rotation pattern is analyzed in Fourier components, which are related to the absolute value and relative phase of the tensor components of the surface susceptibility. We compare the obtained results with separate measurements in which a half-wave plate is used to rotate the fundamental polarization. Our results are confirmed by an additional interference experiment. The method presented here allows the single-valued determination of χ s (2) with measurements at only one angle of incidence, in contrast to the half-wave-plate technique.
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    Detection of methane in air using diode-laser pumped difference-frequency generation near 3.2 μm (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 553-558 
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    Keywords: 07.65 ; 33.00 ; 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spectroscopic detection of the methane in natural air using an 800 nm diode laser and a diode-pumped 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser to produce tunable light near 3.2 µm is reported. The lasers were pump sources for ring-cavity-enhanced tunable difference-frequency mixing in AgGaS2. IR frequency tuning between 3076 and 3183 cm−1 was performed by crystal rotation and tuning of the extended-cavity diode laser. Feedback stabilization of the IR power reduced intensity noise below the detector noise level. Direct absorption and wavelength-modulation (2f) spectroscopy of the methane in natural air at 10.7 kPa (80 torr) were performed in a 1 m single-pass cell with 1 µW probe power. Methane has also been detected using a 3.2 µm confocal build-up cavity in conjunction with an intracavity absorption cell. The best methane detection limit observed was 12 ppb m (Hz.)−1/2.
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    Oxygen concentration and temperature measurements in N2–O2 mixtures using rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 29-37 
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    Keywords: 33.10 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The accuracy and precision of oxygen concentration and temperature measured by dual-broadband rotational Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) were investigated in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures at atmospheric pressure and temperatures between 290 and 1410 K. The relative standard deviation of temperatures evaluated from pure oxygen rotational CARS spectra was found to be around 5%, and the mean temperature was the same as for nitrogen CARS spectra, except for temperatures above 1000 K, where the temperature was 120 K below the correct value. The in situ calibrated oxygen concentrations were within 10% of the correct value, with a standard deviation of around 1.2% for the mixtures of 12 and 20% oxygen in nitrogen. For the lowest oxygen concentrations considered in this study (2 and 4%), the systematic errors in the evaluated concentrations were very large, and the standard deviation of repeated single-shot measurements was above 2%. However, employing weighting in the spectral fitting routine reduced the errors in the concentration and the single-shot standard deviation was lowered to 0.5%. Finally, it was shown that spectral interference (from oxygen) in a rotational CARS spectrum of nitrogen generally had little impact on the temperature evaluated from fitting the spectra to theoretical nitrogen spectra.
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    Degenerate four-wave mixing based on excited-state absorption in azo-dye-doped polymer films (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 299-302 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.30 ; 42.65 ; 42.70 ; 42.40
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM) based on excited-state absorption in azo-dye doped polymer films is firstly reported. Under a pre-exciting argon laser at 514.5 nm, DFWM is performed using a 632.8 nm HeNe laser which is absorbed only slightly when the molecules are in the ground state. The dynamic behavior of the DFWM signal due to excited-state absorption is also treated theoretically.
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    Split-step fourier methods applied to model nonlinear refractive effects in optically thick media (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 389-397 
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    Keywords: 02.60.Cb ; 02.70.-c ; 42.10 ; 42.25.Bs ; 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe and example the Beam Propagation Method (BPM) used to model and simulate nonlinear refractive and absorptive effects in materials with applications to optical limiting and switching. Various scenarios including laser-beam trapping and laser-beam division are investigated, in order to demonstrate the power of the BPM. A novel technique is also described for efficiently modelling the external far-field propagation from nonlinear media, including the propagation of non-Gaussian-shaped spatial profiles. The methods are finally combined with the phenomenon of nonlinear absorption to demonstrate enhanced power limiting in the presence of self-refraction. Optimal parameters for high-fluence power-limiting are subsequently discussed.
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    Analytical formulae for the optimization of the process of low-power phase modulation in a quadratic nonlinear medium (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 39-42 
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    Notes: Abstract We show that using the approximation of fixed intensity analytical formulae, describing the process of induced phase modulation for the beams involved in second-order nonlinear optical processes can be derived. Expressions that allow the optimization of the phase shifts experienced by the fundamental and generated waves are presented for nonlinear quadratic processes, second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency mixing. In the case of seeding at the generated wavelength, the phase shift of the fundamental wave is due to two interactions: (i) a cubic one, based on coupled second-order processes (cascade cubic nonlinearity) and (ii) single quadratic interaction with participation of the seeding wave. By comparison with the exact numerical solution, we defined the input parameters of the beams for which this analytical approach is valid. It is shown that phase shifts exceeding π/2 can be correctly predicted using the expressions obtained.
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    Mixing of 30 THz laser radiation with nanometer thin-film Ni-NiO-Ni diodes and integrated bow-tie antennas (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 135-140 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.62 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mixing experiments with 30 THz CO2-laser radiation as well as the detection of 35 ps 30 THz pulses of an optical-free-induction-decay CO2-laser system have been performed with the first nanometer thin-film Ni-NiO-Ni diodes with a minimum contact area of 0.012 µm2. Difference frequencies up to 85 MHz were detected by mixing two different CO2-laser beams coupled to the diode with an integrated bow-tie antenna. The dependence of the beat signal on bias voltage, laser power and polarization of the infrared laser radiation was determined.
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    Two orthogonally polarized optical beams in a family of Kerr-law nonlinear shifted parabolic graded-index rod lenses (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 161-166 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.20 ; 42.30 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The field, the propagation and the imaging characteristics of two Gaussian optical beams with orthogonal polarization passing through a family of Kerr-law nonlinear shifted parabolic graded-index rod lenses are investigated. The coupled differential equations of the dimensionless beam-width parameters of two Gaussian optical beams are derived by using a variational approach and then solved. It is concluded that there are two regimes of propagation and that the power, the incident waist radius and the position of one beam have large effects on the field, the propagation and the imaging characteristics of the other beam.
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    Second-harmonic generation with traveling-wave pulses (1996)
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    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 237-242 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.70
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    Notes: Abstract We experimentally studied properties of traveling-wave excitation and traveling-wave pulse compression for a Nd : glass laser system with a streak camera. These properties were extended to second-harmonic generation with a type-11 KDP crystal. We found that the second-harmonic pulse generated from the chirped-fundamental pulse also has a good chirp linearity, but the spectral bandwidth and temporal duration were reduced. We demonstrated the effective subpulse suppression in the compressed pulse with the second-harmonic generation. The pulse with tilted wave front, short wavelength and high contrast ratio can be obtained by the second-harmonic generation of traveling-wave pulse.
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    Self-induced transparency and self-induced darkening with a nonlinear frequency-doubling polarization interferometer (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 371-374 
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    Keywords: 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the system polarizer-frequency-doubling crystal(s)-analyzer has a nonlinear transmission for the fundamental wave. The intensity-dependent transmission of this device is due to the nonlinear phase shift that the fundamental beam obtains in the nonlinear crystal as a result of cascaded second-order processes. Depending on the mutual orientation of the polarizer and the analyzer such effects as self-induced transparency and self-induced darkening can be realized.
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    Vector phase conjugation in Cr4+:YAG by four-wave mixing with linearly-polarized pump beams (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 537-540 
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    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.60
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    Notes: Abstract We experimentally demonstrate vector phase conjugation in Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber at 1.06μm with nanosecond pulses using degenerate four-wave mixing with linearly-polarized pump beams of arbitrary strengths. The experimental results show that the phase conjugate wave produced by this method can correct depolarisation induced by a birefringent medium.
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    Holographic scattering lines observed with photorefractive BaTiO3 (1996)
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    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 599-604 
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    Keywords: 42.40 ; 42.65 ; 42.70
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    Notes: Abstract We investigate holographic scattering processes in BaTiO3 pumped by two coherent copropagating waves. Four lines are observed on a screen behind the sample. The experimental results are well described by a model taking into account parametric mixing of four copropagating waves and limitations of optically induced space charge fields because of the finite trap density.
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    Investigation of two-wave mixing in arbitrary oriented sillenite crystals (1996)
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    Applied physics 64 (1996), S. 49-56 
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    ISSN: 0340-3793
    Keywords: PACS: 42.40 ; 42.65 ; 42.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  A generalized systematic description of the Two-Wave Mixing (TWM) process in sillenite crystals allowing for arbitrary orientation of the grating vector is presented. An analytical expression for the TWM gain is obtained for the special case of plane waves in a thin crystal (∣g∣d≪1) with large optical activity (∣g∣/ϱ≪1, g is the coupling constant, ϱ the rotatory power, d the crystal thickness). Using a two-dimensional formulation the scope of the nonlinear equations describing TWM can be extended to finite beams in arbitrary geometries and to any crystal parameters. Two promising applications of this formulation are proposed. The polarization dependence of the TWM gain is used for the flattening of Gaussian beam profiles without expanding them. The dependence of the TWM gain on the interaction length is used for the determination of the crystal orientation. Experiments carried out on Bi12GeO20 crystals of a non-standard cut are in good agreement with the results of modelling.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050144
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    Coherence and correlation in laser excitation of semiconductor quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1315-1322 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Time resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The concept of coherence due to optical excitation of an ensemble of two-level atoms is relatively simple and well established. For the laser-excited electron-hole pairs or excitions in a semiconductor, the Pauli exclusion and the Coulomb interaction lead to the necessary evolution of the theory of coherence to incorporate the spin degree of freedom, the filling of phase space, the excitons and particularly, their correlation. We have developed two theoretical approaches: one using the Feynman diagrams and one in terms of a force-force correlation function. The former gives us a pictorial way to describe the optical processes and the latter gives us a prescription for computation beyond the perturbative approach. In this paper, we will attempt to use simple physical pictures based on our theory to describe the time development of the coherence, the role of correlation, the dependence on the polarization of light, and the nonlinear time-resolved optical experiments which measure the coherence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457203
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    Exciton dynamics in ZnSe/ZnS x Se1−x superlattices (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1429-1433 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Localised single-particle electronic states (excluding impurities) ; Photoluminescence ; II–VI semiconductors ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Time-resolved photoluminescence experiments in a wide carrier density range up to and beyond the threshold for stimulated emission in ZnSe/ZnS x Se1−x superlattices are presented. Different localisation mechanisms of free excitons are identified giving rise to different radiative recombination channels. At high carrier density localised energy states merge into miniband that allows for exciton-exciton interaction, such as screening of the free-exciton absorption and inelastic exciton-exciton scattering.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457222
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    Size-dependent electron-hole exchange interaction in CdSe quantum dots (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1407-1412 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Surface and interface electron states ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the fine structure of luminecence of CdSe nanocrystals observed with size-selective excitation. We show that the luminescence line closest to the laser arises from the recombination of the optically forbidden A-exciton. Radiative recombination occurs via a phonon-assisted virtual transition to theB-exciton state. The electron-hole exchange energy obtained from the experimental results strongly increases with decreasing nanocrystal size as expected from the increasing overlap of the electron and hole wave functions. The size dependence is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457218
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    Exciton states in In x Ga1−x As/GaAs double quantum wells: Normalized reflection spectra (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1423-1427 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Surface and interface electron states ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Normalized reflection spectra in GaInAs/GaAs quantum wells are shown for two sets of samples with different alloy concentration (x=9% and 18.5%) and well thickness ranging from 1.5 nm to 25 nm. All samples were grown on (001) GaAs surface by Molecular Beam Epitaxy and characterized by RHEED and X-ray reflection diffraction. Exciton envelope function in effective mass approximation and optical response in polaritonic schema are computed. Normalized reflection spectroscopy has shown itself to be a well suited technique in order to study structural and electronic properties of confined quantum structures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457221
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    Two-dimensional wannier excitons. Effects of a random adiabatic potential (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1447-1452 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Optical properties of thin films, surfaces, and layer structures (superlattices, heterojunctions, and multilayers) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We investigate the absorption spectrum and the distribution of radiative decay times for two-dimensional excitons in semiconductor quantum wells, as affected by an adiabatic white-noise random potential. Such a potential could result from atomic-scale fluctuations in the composition of an alloy semiconductor, or in quantum well thickness. We find in general that the shortest radiative decay time is directly proportional to the inhomogeneous width of the exciton line in absorption, itself proportional to the correlation parameter for the random potential.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457225
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    Experimental evidence of the exciton centre-of-mass quantization in Zn1−x Cd x Se/ZnSe multiple quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1473-1479 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Surface and interface electron states ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report the evidence of exciton-polariton centre-of-mass quantization in II–VI quantum wells consisting of ternary alloy. Absorption and photoluminescence studies on Zn0.89Cd0.11Se/ZnSe quantum wells, covering the intermediate region between two- and three-dimensional exciton behaviour, exhibit distinct optical resonances in the high-energy tail of the free-exciton structure. We reproduce the well width dependence of the centre-of-mass states by modeling the optical response of the QWs with a thin-slab variational wave function, which takes into account non-adiabatic terms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457229
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    Interparticle interaction in spin-aligned and spin-degenerate exciton systems in II–VI quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1543-1547 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Studies of specific magnetic materials ; Optical properties of thin films surfaces and layer structures (superlattices, heterojunctions and multilayers) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Two qualitatively different e-h systems have been investigated in undoped CdTe/Cd0.88Mn0.12Te and Cd0.97Mn0.03 Te/Cd0.75Mn0.25 Te QWs at 2 K and magnetic fields up to 14 T, namely a strongly spin-depolarized system in the CdTe QW and a highly spin-polarized one in the Cd0.97Mn0.03 Te QW. The interaction of the spin-aligned excitons is repulsive. In contrast, in the spectra of a dense spin-depolarized excitonic system an additional well pronounced emission lineM was observed at approximately 5 meV below the excitonic line. This line is assigned to the emission of molecules consisting of excitons with opposite spins of both electrons and holes.
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    Coherent dynamics of excitonic and biexcitonic wave packets in semiconductor superlattices (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1573-1578 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report on the observation of an electric-field-induced electric-dipole moment of biexcitonic molecules in a GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As superlattice. The macroscopic oscillating electric field, associated with the microscopic wave packet dipole moments, is monitored by time-resolved transmittive electro-optic sampling. The field dependence of the biexcitonic binding energy is detected by transient four-wave mixing. From these experiments, an ultrafast non-resonant excitation mechanism of biexcitons is inferred.
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    Bipolariton in quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1255-1264 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polaritons (including photon-photon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We develop the bipolariton concept for a quasi-2D excitonic molecule (m) in quantum wells (QWLs). The bipolariton wave equation, which includes both the exciton-exciton (x-x) attraction and thex-photon (γ) coupling, is analysed. In the 2D bipolariton model, a quasi-2Dm exists in QWLs mainly as two quasi-boundsurface polaritons and, consequently, decays mainly into two outgoing surface polaritons. In quasi-2D GaAs QWLs the polariton renormalizations give rise to a «Mexican hat» structure in them dispersion at small momenta together with a considerable increase of both them effective binding energy ɛ m and the inversem radiative lifetimeГ m . A van Hove singularity in the joint density of polariton states is responsible for this effect.
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    Phonon-polariton interaction in a microcavity (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1657-1662 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems ; optical instabilities, optical chaos, and optical spatio-temporal dynamics ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The linewidth of the microcavity exciton polariton is studied by onresonant and off-resonant photoluminescences. The two main contributions to the linewidth are caused by radiative loss and phonon scattering. The oscillator strength is found to be unmodified by the exciton-phonon coupling. Comparison is made between theory and experiment.
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    Fast exciton and free-carrier kinetics in semiconductors: a Monte Carlo simulation (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1717-1722 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The coupled dynamics of free carriers and excitons after non-resonant excitation with short laser pulses is investigated by means of an Ensemble Monte Carlo method which includes phonon-assisted formation and dissociation of free excitons. Simulations for bulk GaAs reveal that excitonic binding under participation of LO phonons is a very fast and effective process. The temporal rise of exciton luminescence depends on the particular excitation conditions and is determined by all interaction mechanisms in the system.
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    Exciton-photon coupling in GaAs bulk microcavities (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1747-1751 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Quantum optics ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A great interest in the study of exciton-photon coupling in resonant optical media such as semiconductor microcavities is currently developing both in experiments and in theory. We investigate the spectral response of a new semiconductor quantum system in which the cavity material itself is the active medium. If the Fabry-Perot quasi-mode is carefully tuned on the excitonic transition of the cavity bulk material, strong exciton-photon coupling takes place and produces new features such as a Rabi-like splitting as large as that observed in quantum well microcavities and comparable optical absorption. In addition, the polaritonic spatial dispersion and the quantization of the centre-of-mass motion introduce remarkable fine structures which are absent in the quantum well case. We demonstrate the above effects from a spectroscopic analysis of GaAs cavities, using standard reflectance and photoluminescence techniques. The experimental results are further clarified with theoretical calculations performed with an adapted transfer-matrix approach. The case of semi-cavities is finally considered and a new way to control the exciton-photon interaction in our system is achieved tailoring the photonic wave function with a change in the reflectivity phase of the mirrors.
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    Theory of resonant rayleigh scattering of excitons in semiconductor quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1801-1805 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells ; superlattices ; layer structures ; and intercalation compounds ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Disorder-induced Rayleigh scattering of excitons in quantum wells is investigated theoretically. For classical excitions (long-range spatial correlation), the disorder average can be performed exactly. For the full problem, a kinetic equation with «weak memory» for the excition distribution is derived which coincides with the classical result in the appropriate limit. The theoretical results are compared with recent experimental data on femtosecond time-resolved luminescence explaining well the finite rise time and the heavy-light-hole beating.
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    Excitons in microcavities: Cavity polariton photoluminescence (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1323-1332 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We present an extensive set of absorption and PL measurements on semiconductor microcavities in the strong-coupling regime. We observe strong coupling from 110 K to room temperature. We look at the behaviour of the photoluminescence for different exciton-photon detuning. We discuss this data using two different pictures, the first is a non-interacting (uncoupled) picture of an exciton in a cavity filter. The second model is that of a cavity polariton and this explains the observed dynamics in the strong-coupling regime. We show how the opposing needs of strong coupling and high photoluminescence extraction efficiency can be reconciled.
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    Binding energies of excitons in ionic quantum well structures (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1343-1347 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polarons and electron-phonon interactions ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; III-V compounds and systems ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We have calculated the binding energies of excitons in quantum well structures based on ionic semiconductors by including the electron-hole interactions with the longitudinal-optical-phonon field. We have taken into account these interactions by using different effective interaction potentials between the electron and the hole as derived by Haken, Aldrich and Bajaj, and Pollman and Buttner. We have calculated the binding energies of excitons in several ionic quantum well structures as functions of well width using these effective potentials following a variational approach. We find that the values of the exciton binding energies calculated using these potentials are always larger than those, obtained using a Coloumb potential screened by static dielectric constant.
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    Some new fundamental properties of GaN single-crystal films on SiC and sapphire substrates (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1509-1512 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; III-V Compounds and systems ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The reflectance spectra of GaN/6H-SiC, films and the absorption spectra of GaN/Al2O3 films were studied and several fundumental parameters of GaN-energy positions of exciton, resonances ω0, damping constants⩾s, longitudinal-transverse splittings ωLT and the oscillator, strengthsf of the exciton states were determined. A blue shift and broadening of the luminescence band were observed in the luminescence spectra of GaN quantum dots. The mean dot radius in the sample was estimated to be about 4.5nm.
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    Exciton dynamics within growth islands of GaAs/Al x Ga1−x As single quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1531-1536 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The localization dynamics of excitons within growth islands of GaAs/Al x Ga1−x As single quantum wells (SQW) have been investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL). Several samples with different substrate misorientation and growth interruption times are compared with regard to the photoluminescence (PL) emission dynamics. For monolayer (ML) islands larger than the exciton radius,i.e. long growth interruption, the time evolution of the different PL peaks reflects the transfer of free excitons between growth islands as well as the localization within a single growth island. The samples with shorter growth interruption reveal a much less pronounced PL splitting due to ML islands. The dynamics appears to be mainly determined by exciton localization to thicker ML islands. The density of localization centres is larger for the sample grown on misoriented substrates.
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    Non-linear optics of hybrid excitons in organic-inorganic nanostructures (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1555-1559 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Nonlinear optics ; Optical properties of thin films, surfaces, and thin layer structures (including superlattices, heterostructures, and intercalation compounds) ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary In a system comprising an organic layer coupled to a semiconductor layer, if the energy of the Frenkel exciton in the first is close to that of the Wannier exciton in the second, the lowest electronic excitations can be described as hybrid resonances. These new excitons give rise to very pronounced optical non-linearities because they have at the same time large oscillator strengths, typical of Frenkel excitons, and large radii, typical of Wannier excitons. The results of a microscopic calculation of the optical properties of such a system are presented and discussed: compared with the usual semiconductor quantum wells, enhancements of two orders of magnitude both in the size of the susceptibility (linear part) and in its relative change with increasing excitation density (Kerr non-linearity) are predicted.
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    Excitation energy dependence of the optical properties of InGaAs/GaAs quantum well heterostructures (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1383-1387 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: III–V semiconductors ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; III–V compounds and systems ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report an experimental study on a large set of InGaAs/GaAs quantum well structures by means of continuous-wave photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation. The luminescence spectrum at low temperature systematically exhibits a doublet structure whose lineshape is very sensitive to the excitation energy. Accordingly, the excitation spectra detected by monitoring the emission at the two different luminescence peaks have very different profiles, with peaks and/or dips which are not directly related to absorption resonances. As a matter of fact, the anomalies disappear when increasing the temperature or when using an optical bias with energy above the GaAs energy gap. In these cases, the excitation profiles recover the behaviour typical of 2D systems.
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    Exciton recombination mechanism and binding energies in MOCVD-grown Zn1−x Cd x Se−ZnSe single quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1585-1593 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Optical properties of thin films surfaces and layer structures (superlattices, heterojunctions and multilayers) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report here on the study of the optical properties of ZnCdSe−ZnSe quantum structures elaborated by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The band structure is experimentally investigated by means of photoluminescence and photoreflectance. We have computed the exciton binding energies for heavy- and light-hole excitons in the context of a self-consistent two-parameter trial function. As a complement, we study the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence intensity under both direct and indirect photoexcitation in graded-index separate confinement heterostructures based on these materials.
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    Double 2s-1s resonance in LO-phonon-assisted secondary emission of excitions in CdTe/(Cd, Mn) Te MQW structures (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1787-1790 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; II–VI compounds and other chalcogenides ; II–VI semiconductors ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report on the observation of the doubly resonant secondary emission involving 2s and 1s exciton states. The resonance conditions have been realized in CdTe/Cd1-xMnx Te quantum well structures by magnetic-field tuning of the 2s-1s energy spacing to the LO-phonon energy. Theoretical analysis shows the doubly resonant process to be indirect, with hot 1s excitons acting as intermediate states. It is concluded that the resonance width of 2.6 meV gives the 2s-exciton homogeneous linewidth governed by elastic scattering into the hot 1s exciton states.
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    Dynamics of excitons tunnelling in II–VI asymmetric double quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1277-1284 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: II–IV semiconductors ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Steady-state and picosecond photoluminescence experiments on CdTe/CdZnTe and CdTe/CdMnTe asymmetric double quantum wells are presented. An external magnetic field is used to tune the coupling between the two QWs by allowing resonances to occur between excitonic states. Very efficient tunnelling is found when an exciton from the high-energy QW can transfer either with the emission of an LO phonon or via the resonance with the 2s state of the low-energy QW.
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    Exciton-exciton interaction in quantum wells (1995)
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1339-1342 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Time resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Fast initial decays of both the luminescence intensity and the circular luminescence polarization at high exciton densities, under resonant excitation, are reported for the first time. These fast decays are simultaneously initiated by the increase of the ellipticity of the photogenerating picosecond laser beam. The theory of the mechanism illustrates the driving role of the interexciton exchange interaction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457206
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    Excitons in quantum well wires: V-shaped wire, T-shaped wire and strain-induced lateral confinement (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1389-1393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Surface and interface electron states ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We calculated the energy and the wave function of the exciton for i) a V-shaped quantum wire, ii) a T-shaped quantum wire and iii) a quantum wire resulting from strain-induced lateral confinement. The full Luttinger and Bir-Pikus Hamiltonian are taken into account in the three calculations. We used different parameters inside the well and at the barrier. The basis states |3/2m〉 are defined with respect to [110], the direction of the wire in the three kinds of structures, instead of the usual [001] direction. The hole dispersion curve allows one to define an effective mass which is to be introduced in the variational calculation of the exciton binding energy. We show that the hole is confined in a wire only in case i).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457215
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    Edge magneto-exitons (ring excitons) in antidots (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1413-1416 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Surface and interface electron states ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary An opening (antidot) in two-dimensional (2D) electron gas placed in a strong perpendicular magnetic field makes it possible the formation of ring-shaped excitons stemming from the skipping-states of electrons and holes. The binding energy of the ground state of such excitons is logarithmically larger than that of the «bulk» 2D excitons. The possibility of tunnelling electron to hole (or vice versa) around the antidot results in a shift for each of the excitons levels that oscillates with the magnetic field.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457219
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    Interwell excitons in GaAs multiple quantum wells and superlattices (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1359-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Optical transient phenomena (including quantum beats, dephasings and revivals, photon echoes, free induction decay, and optical mutation) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Weak localization effects (e.g., quantized states) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The optical properties of multiple quantum wells in the transition from isolated wells to a superlattice are investigated theoretically and experimentally. For superlattices with a miniband width similar to the binding energy of the 2s exciton of the isolated quantum well we find an exciton state energetically between the 1s exciton state and the onset of the miniband absorption. We find this state to be an interwell exciton, with the electron confined to one well and the hole to the neighboring well. The interwell exciton resembles the first Wannier-Stark localized exciton of a biased superlattice. However, the localization in the present case is mediated by the Coulomb interaction of the electron and hole. The state has considerable oscillator strength and is observed experimentally in linear and nonlinear experiments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457210
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    Cretion and annihilation of negatively charged excitons in GaAs quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1395-1400 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Tunneling ; Other semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts,p-n junctions, and heterojunctions ; Electroluminescence ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The electroluminescence of p-i-n GaAs double-barrier resonant tunnelling diodes has been investigated for various concentrations of free carriers (either holes or electrons) in the quantum well (QW). For these structures it is possible to change the relative electron or hole density quasi-continuously with applied bias-voltage. New low-temperature excitonic recombinations are identified in the electroluminescence spectra. Continuous variation of the carrier density in the quantum well from a hole-rich into an electron-rich environment leads to the observation of positively charged excitons (X 2 +), neutral excitons (X), negatively charged excitons (X −) and finally an unbound electron-hole recombination. An increased temperature causes the dissociation of the charged excitons in favour of the neutral heavy-hole free excitonX. In high magnetic fields the unbound electron-hole recombination is transferred into an excitonic recombination.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457216
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    Excitonic polaritons in superlattices (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1417-1422 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The excitonic energies are computed in superlattices from the poles in the imaginary part of the susceptibility, using an appropriate Green's function expression for the coherent amplitude function of the electron-hole pair. Solving the Maxwell equations, the polariton states are obtained and the optical properties are computed. The procedure includes the effects of coherence between the carriers and the electromagnetic field, and it does not require any type of additional boundary conditions. Detailed calculations in GaAs/Ga1−x Al x As superlattices show polaritonic effects in the optical properties, in particular a peculiar fine-structure lineshape of then=1 andn=2 hh and lh excitons is obtained. A comparison with similar calculations in bulk GaAs clearly shows the roles of quantum confinement and of anisotropy in the superlattice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457220
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    Polaritons in large-period multiple quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1441-1446 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Optical properties of thin films, surfaces, and layer structures (superlattices, heterojunctions, and multilayers) ; II–VI compounds and other chalcogenides ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Experimental studies of high-resolution reflectivity and a temperature dependence of the photoluminescence for periodic MQWs of CdTe/CdZnTe with periods equal to a one-half and one-forth of the light wavelength are presented. Energies and radiative lifetimes of the polariton-like excitations in the relevant structures are computed, and linked to experimental observations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457224
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    Magnetism as a probe for wave function localization in GaSb/AlGaSb quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1465-1471 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Surface and interface electron states ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The localization of the wave function on the scale length of a single monolayer has been studied by magnetophotoluminescence in GaSb/AlGaSb quantum wells. The studied range of well width includes the direct-indirect transition involvingL-point conduction states and Γ-point valence states induced by quantum size effects. Separate carrier localization dominates at higher field values (B〉2T), whereas the excitonic effects are important only in the low field range. Variational calculations of the excitonic transverse extension provide a quantitative description of the experimental data. The dependence of the effective reduced mass on the well width has been obtained experimentally by magnetoluminescence that is highly sensitive to the modifications of the wave function, even on the scale of a single monolayer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457228
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    Binding energies and oscillator strengths of excitons in shallow quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1505-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; III-V and II-VI inorganics ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A model for calculating exciton binding energies in quantum wells (QWs) is presented, which can be applied to situations in which one of the two band discontinuities is large, while the second one can be arbitrary (positive, negative, or zero). The model is applied to ZnSe/ZnSSe and InGaAs/GaAs QWs., The crossover between strong-and weak-confinement, regimes for excitons in narrow QWs is studied within a simplified model with two one-parameter, variational wave functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457234
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    Magnetic-field-induced dissociation of bound excitons in semi-magnetic semiconductor quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1549-1553 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Studies of specific magnetic materials ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The influence of the electron spin splitting on the stability of quasi-two-dimensional donor bound excitons (D 0 X) has been investigated in the Cd0.97Mn0.03Te/Cd0.7Mg0.3Te semi-magnetic semiconductor quantum well (QW) structure. TheD 0 X binding energy has been measured directly from emission spectra recorded at magnetic field parallel to the QW plane. Complexes have been shown to dissociate into a neutral donor and a free exciton with a spin flip of the electron at high magnetic fields when the electron spin splitting exceeds the binding energy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457242
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    Pseudodirect biexcitons in GaAs/AlAs type-II superlattices (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1629-1633 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: III–V semiconductors ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; III–V compounds and systems ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report on the biexciton formation of the pseudodirect exciton consisting of the AlAs-X z electron and the GaAs-Γ heavy hole in (GaAs) m /(AlAs) m type-II superlattices withm=10, 12, and 13 monolayers. The photoluminescence lineshape of the pseudodirect exciton exhibits a doublet feature having an energy separation of ∼3 meV at the excitation power of the order of mW/cm2 in all the samples, and the low-energy band grows superlinearly. The transient profiles of the doublet photoluminescence band early indicate the biexciton formation: the delay of the rise of the biexciton photoluminescence on the low-energy side and its shorter decay time in comparison with the exciton photoluminescence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457255
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    Resonant rayleigh scattering in semiconductor structures (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1487-1492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: III-V semiconductors ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including, quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A detailed study of the relative role played by localized and/or propagating intermediate excitonic states in, resonant Rayleigh scattering (RRS) is presented for a large set of GaAs quantum well (QW) and bulk structures. We show that the two kinds of states contribute to RRS through different mechanisms. We concluded that RRS occurs via localized states in QW heterostructures, very likely due to localization by the interface roughness, while bulk, crystals turn out to be better candidates for RRS via propagating states.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457231
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    Magnetic-field effects in the luminescence of V-shaped quantum wires (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1681-1685 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Surface and interface electron states ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Quantum wire heterostructures, such as V- and T-shaped wires, are very promising candidates for low-threshold lasing. A crucial issue is the excitonicvs. free-carrier nature of the radiative recombination. Here, we report on magnetophotoluminescence studies of GaAs and InGaAs V-shaped wires that allow to discriminate different regimes of radiative recombination.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457263
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    Time-resolved luminescence of excitons in a microcavity (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1601-1605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Low-temperature time-resolved luminescence experiments with picosecond resolution have been performed on excitons in a microcavity containing InGaAs quantum wells. The decay curves are very dependent on the energy difference between the cavity mode and the exciton. They agree qualitatively with a model which takes into account a reservoir at the exciton energy and two splitted radiant states.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457250
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    Dynamics of excitons in asymmetric double quantum wells: Absorption and relaxation (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1613-1617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Optical properties of thin films surfaces and layer structures (superlattices, heterojunctions and multilayers) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We present an analysis of the inter- and intrasubband relaxation dynamics of excitons due to Fröhlich coupling in an unbiased asymmetric double quantum well made from CdTe/CdMnTe. We consider the relaxation processes that take place in the time interval between the excitation of the lowest exciton localized in the narrow well and the recombination in the wide well, by means of Fermi's golden rule. As the excitation falls in the range of a Fano resonance, we have to employ an extended set of rate equations to incorporate the effect of the continuum of initially populated states. Thus, we obtain the transient luminescence, which can directly be compared with time-resolved luminescence experiments.
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    Effect of the scattering by phonons on the temperature dependence of the free QW exciton radiative lifetimes (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1663-1667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; III–V semiconductors ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We calculate scattering rates of QW excitons by acoustic phonons using realistic deformation potentials for electrons and holes in structures based on GaAs. We use these rates in order to reproduce the exciton dynamics in a time-resolved photoluminescence experiment. Rise time and decay time of the luminescence signal are studied as a function of temperature and QW size. The exciton distribution function reaches a stationaryshape after the luminescence passes through its maximum. This shape shows strong deviations from the thermalequilibrium distribution, at least for temperatures below 50 K. As a consequence, exciton radiative recombination is slower than the usually expected thermal average of the radiative rate. We discuss the dependence of this effect on the well width.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457260
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    Coherent exciton-photon dynamics in single, double, and quintuple quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1769-1774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Optical transient phenomena (including quantum beats, dephasings and revivals, photon echoes, free induction decay, and optical nutation) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We have studied experimentally the coherent exciton-photon dynamics in a single, a double, and a quintuple quantum well structure under resonant excitation. In pump and probe experiments we observe an initial fast decay of the exciton population. This initial decay depends on the number of quantum wells. The population decay is accompanied by a coherent light emission induced by the first-order polarization, the intensity of which increases quadratically with the quantum well number. Interference effects and electromagnetic coupling effects between polarizations located in distinct quantum wells probably play a crucial role in the superlinear coherent emission process.
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    Coherent and incoherent dynamics of excitons in semiconductor microcavities (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1295-1303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the dynamics of impulsively excited planar microcavities in the strongly couple regime. With resonant, coherent excitation, the emitted light shows vacuum-Rabi oscillations and a lifetime corresponding to twice the cavity lifetime. As the light intensity is increased, the exciton bleaching leads to reduced normal-mode splitting. The role of interface disorder on the dynamic splitting is discussed. Coherence transfer in exciton-exciton scattering is observed. Off-resonant excitation leads to long lifetimes limited by scattering into the radiatively coupled states of the exciton-cavity system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457201
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    Optical spectroscopy of opal matrices with CdS embedded in its pores: Quantum confinement and photonic band gap effects (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1349-1354 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; II–VI semiconductors ; Wave propagation, transmission and absorption ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The spectra of transmission and reflection of synthetic opal which has 3-dimensional periodic structure were measured at different orientations of incident beam relative to the sample facets. It is shown that opal behaves as «semi-metallic» photonic band gap (PBG) material in the vicinity of photon energy 2.3 eV. The synthesis of CdS microcrystals embedded in the pores of opal was made for the first time in an attempt to form a system of quantum dots. Optical spectra (reflection and transmission, photoluminescence and Raman scattering) were studied. The results demonstrate good crystallinity of microcrystals embedded in opal matrix and exhibit well-pronounced quantum confinement effects in fundamental edge absorption spectra. The spectral overlap of the PBG of opal with electronic band gap of many of II–VI semiconductors seems to make opal/semiconductor system a promising media for experimental studies of such PBG-related effects as inhibition of spontaneous emission, microcavity polariton, etc.
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    Site-selective four-wave-mixing experiments in GaAs/(GaAl) As multiple quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1377-1382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The influence of biexciton formation on the four-wave-mixing response of multiple quantum wells having a strong inhomogeneous broadening of the exciton transitions has been investigated. The experimental results are consistent with a model which distinguishes between crystal regions where the exciton energy is almost constant over the spatial extension of the biexciton state, and regions where the fluctuations of the exciton energy are comparable to or larger than the biexciton binding energy.
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    A diffusion anomaly in dipole-oriented two-dimensional excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1459-1463 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Other luminescence and radiative recombination ; Structural modeling: serial-addition models, computer simulation ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We have observed an anomaly in the low-temperature photoluminescence of dipole-oriented long-lived excitons in a coupled quantum well under an electrical bias. A discrepancy between the experiment and a Monte Carlo simulation for the exciton diffusion in the system suggests a boson correlation for a two-dimensional Bose system in a random potential with repulsive interaction between bosons.
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    Lateral confinement of exciton states in GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells grown on vicinal substrates (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1481-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layers structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Optical properties of thin films, surfaces, and layer structures (superlattices, heterojunctions, and multilayers) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report experimental results on photoluminescence and excitation of photoluminescence of GaAs/Ga0.7Al0.3As quantum wells (19, 38.5 and 77 Å) grown on nominal and vicinal GaAs substrates. In order to study the influence of the interface microscopic structure on the optical properties of the studied quantum wells, we perform luminescence experiments at low temperature by exciting selectively a small area of a few μm2. In this way the presence of isolated islands on the interface is evidenced by a fine structure in the photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectra. The difference in localization length of excitons in samples with steps along the [110] and the [110] directions is emphasized.
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    Four-particle two-dimensional magnetoexciton (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1669-1673 
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    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Quantum Hall effect (including fractional) ; III–V semiconductors ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Energy spectrum of an exciton and electron density distribution in it under the fractional quantum Hall regime are calculated within the framework of an anyon exciton model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457261
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    Polaritons in superlattices and in microcavities (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1211-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Electrons states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; III–V and II–VI inorganics ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A description of polariton effects on excitons in multiple quantum wells (MQWs), superlattices (SLs), and semiconductor microvavities is presented. The non-local semi-classical theory in a transfer matrix formulation is adopted. The radiative width in MQWs atk=0 increases first with the number of wellsN, then goes to zero asN→∞, where stationary SL polaritons are recovered. The crossover from weak- to strong-coupling regimes for QW excitons in microcavities is described. The complex energies of the mixed exciton-radiation modes are shown to be measurable by time-resolved transmission experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457192
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Optical transitions involving excitons in quantum wires (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1219-1228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Optical properties of thin films surfaces and layer structures (superlattices, heterojunctions and multilayers) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We present a comprehensive discussion of the excitonic properties of V-shaped GaAs and InGaAs quantum wires grown on patterned substrates. Systematic linear and non-linear spectroscopic studies have been performed in order to clarify the impact of lateral confinement on the exciton wave function, namely: enhanced exciton binding energy, localization in magnetic field, recombination from excited states and multiphoton absorption. The careful evaluation of the electron confinement energies, based on the actual quantum wire profile obtained by TEM micrographs, including the internal piezoelectric field induced by off-diagnoal terms of strain tensor, reproduces quite well the measured one-dimensional states. Finally, application of quantum wires in a p-i-n wave guide for bistable operation is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457193
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Theory of exciton-polariton effects for a double quantum well in a microcavity (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1651-1656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; III–V semiconductors ; Cooperative phenomena ; superradiance and superfluorescence ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We study excitons in double quantum wells (DQWs) embedded in a semiconductor microcavity (MC) by means of semi-classical theory, which yields analytic results in weak- and strong-coupling regimes. We show how to obtain subpicosecond radiative lifetime for the excitons. A model for disorder is investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457258
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Γ-X exciton dispersion (1995)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1675-1680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; II–VI semiconductors ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We discuss the exciton centre-of-mass dispersion in a (Ga,Al)As-GaAs-AlAs-(Ga, Al)As quantum well taking into account the Γ-X coupling. The position of the Γ andX quantum well levels is monitored by applying an external electric field. Near the degeneracy, the coupling plays an important role mixing the Γ andX levels. As a consequence, the exciton in-plane mass presents a significant non-parabolicity as its values change from a Γ-reduced mass to aX-reduced mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457262
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