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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 182-184 (Feb. 1995), p. 23-28 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 41 (1999), S. 701-703 
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In two-dimensional heterostructures made of semiconductor and organic layers, when resonance between the Wannier and Frenkel excitons is realized, the dipole-dipole interaction coupling them leads to novel effects. First, we discuss the pronounced nonlinear optical properties of the hybrid Frenkel-Wannier excitons appearing when the energy splitting of the excitonic spectrum is large compared to the exciton linewidths (the case of strong resonant coupling). Next, we consider the case of weak resonant coupling for which the Förster mechanism of energy transfer from an inorganic quantum well to an organic overlayer is of great interest: the electrical pumping of excitons in the semiconductor quantum well could be employed to turn on efficiently the organic material luminescence.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    JETP letters 66 (1997), S. 748-751 
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 71.35.Aa ; 78.20.Bh ; 78.66.Qn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We predict an efficient electronic energy transfer from the two-dimensional Wannier-Mott excitons confined in a semiconductor quantum well to the optically active organic molecules of the nearby medium (substrate and/or overlayer). The energy transfer mechanism is of the Förster type and, at semiconductor-organic distances of several nanometers, can easily be as fast as 100 ps, which is about an order of magnitude shorter than the average exciton lifetime in an isolated quantum well. Under such conditions, the Wannier-Mott exciton luminescence is quenched and the organic luminescence is efficiently turned on. Our calculations, combining a microscopic quantum mechanical exciton model with a macroscopic electrodynamic description of the organic medium, take into account the dielectric constant discontinuities and can be applied to any organic-inorganic multilayer structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 78.66.Mf ; 78.20.Ls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method has been developed for recording and analyzing the differential magnetoreflection (magnetotransmission) spectra of semiconductor structures with quantum wells. The method was used to determine the exciton g-factor in semimagnetic CdTe/(Cd, Mn)Te heterostructures with quantum wells. In nonmagnetic structures with quantum wells containing a two-dimensional electron gas, the excitonic damping depends on the spin state of the exciton. This effect is explained by the exchange contribution to exciton-electron scattering.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 1 (1982), S. 519-539 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si calcola la probabilità di transizione a due fotoni tra gli stati 11 S e 21 S dell’He atomico nell’approssimazione a elettroni indipendenti, usando semplici funzioni d’onda. I risultati ottenuti con l’interazione della formae E·r e con l’interazione della forma —(e/mc)A·p differiscono per meno del 20%, ma si mostra che la prima forma conduce a risultati piú attendibili. Si calcolano i valori dei coefficienti di assorbimento con luce laser di varia frequenza, e si suggerisce la possibilità di esperimenti in cui si utilizzi luce laser e radiazione di sincrotrone. La relazione di Einstein tra assorbimento ed emissione spontanea può essere estesa ai processi a due fotoni e da essa si calcola il tempo naturale di vita dello stato 21 S dell’elio, per il quale si ottiene il valore di ∼25 ms, in ragionevole accordo con risultati sperimentali ed altri risultati teorici.
    Abstract: Резюме Рычисляется вероятность двухфотонного перехода между состояниями 11 S и 21 S в атоме He в одно-злектронном приближении, используя простые приближенные волновые функции. Результаты, полученные дляe E·r взаимодействия и для—(e/mc)A·p взаимодействия, отличаются менее, чем на 20%, но первая форма взаимодействия дает более непротиворечивые результаты. Проводятся вычисления коэффициентов поглошения для лазерного излучения различных частот. Предлагаются эксперименты с исполязованием синхротронного излучения и лазерного пучка. Соотношение Эйнштейна между поглощением и спонтанным излучением может быть обобщено на случай двухфотонных процессов. Вычисляется естественное время жнзни 21 S состояния He, которое составляет ∼25 мс, что находится в разумном согласии с экспериментом и другими вычислениями.
    Notes: Summary The two-photon transition probability between the 11 S and the 21 S states of atomic He has been computed in the one-electron approximation by using simple approximate wave functions. The results with thee E·r interaction and with the— (e/mc)A·p interaction differ by less than 20%, but the former is shown to give more consistent results. The values of the absorption coefficients for a laser radiation of varying frequency are shown to be experimentally accessible and experiments are suggested with sinchrotron radiation and a laser beam. The Einstein relation between absorption and spontaneous emission can be extended to two-photon processes and the natural lifetime of the 21 S-state of He is computed and found to be ∼25 ms, in reasonable agreement with experiment and with other calculations.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 1473-1486 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polaritons (including photon-photon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Level splitting and interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Nella teoria degli eccitoni di Wannier, la parte a lungo raggio e non analitica dell’interazione di scambio è generalmente espressa in termini dell’elemento di matrice di dipolo fra funzioni di Wannier. Noi mostriamo che può invece essere espressa in termini dell’elemento di matrice di dipolo fra funzioni di Bloch al centro della zona di Brillouin, senza assumere che le funzioni di Wannier siano localizzate. Otteniamo quindi un’espressione per lo splitting longitudinale-trasverso in termini dell’elemento di matrice di dipolo fra stato fondamentale del cristallo e stato eccitonico. Ciò è necessario per dimostrare che il polaritone trasverso del ramo superiore è degenere con l’eccitone longitudinale nel limitek ex→0. Otteniamo inoltre una nuova espressione per la parte a corto raggio dell’interazione di scambio, che è più appropriata per un calcolo microscopico e che calcoliamo nel caso del CuCl. Otteniamo un parametro di scambioΔ ex = 12.6 meV, in buon accordo col valore sperimentale.
    Abstract: Резюме В теории экситонов Ваннье дальнодействуйщая неаналитическая часть обменного взаимодействия обычно выражается через дипольный матричный элемент между функциями Ваннье. Мы показываем, что эта часть обменного взаимодействия может быть выражена через дипольный матричный элемент между функциями Б=qlоха без каких-либо предположений о локализации функций Ваннье. Мы получаем выражение для продольно-поперечного расщепления в терминах дипольного матричного элемента между основным состоянием кристалла и экситонным состоянием. Это выражение требуется, чтобы доказать, что поперечный поляритон является вырожденным с продольным экситоном в пределеk ex→0. Получается новое выражение для короткодействующей части обменного взаимодействия, которое более удобно для микроскопических вычислений и которое оценивается для случая CuCl. Вычисляется обменный параметрΔ ex = 12.6 мэВ, который хорошо согласуется с экспериментальной величиной.
    Notes: Summary In the theory of Wannier excitons, the long-range nonanalytical part of the exchange interaction is usually expressed in terms of the dipole matrix element between Wannier functions. We show that it can be expressed in terms of the dipole matrix element between zone-centre Bloch functions, without any assumption on the localization of Wannier functions. We obtain an expression for the longitudinal-transverse splitting in terms of the dipole matrix element between the crystal ground state and the excition state. This is required in order to prove that the transverse upper polariton is degenerate with the longitudinal exciton in the limitk ex→0. A new expression for the short-range part of the exchange interaction is also obtained, which is more suitable for microscopic calculations and which is evaluated for the case of CuCl. The resulting exchange parameter isΔ ex = 12.6 meV, which compares well with the experimental value.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 17 (1995), S. 1747-1751 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Quantum optics ; Electron states in low-dimensional structures (including quantum wells, superlattices, layer structures, and intercalation compounds) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A great interest in the study of exciton-photon coupling in resonant optical media such as semiconductor microcavities is currently developing both in experiments and in theory. We investigate the spectral response of a new semiconductor quantum system in which the cavity material itself is the active medium. If the Fabry-Perot quasi-mode is carefully tuned on the excitonic transition of the cavity bulk material, strong exciton-photon coupling takes place and produces new features such as a Rabi-like splitting as large as that observed in quantum well microcavities and comparable optical absorption. In addition, the polaritonic spatial dispersion and the quantization of the centre-of-mass motion introduce remarkable fine structures which are absent in the quantum well case. We demonstrate the above effects from a spectroscopic analysis of GaAs cavities, using standard reflectance and photoluminescence techniques. The experimental results are further clarified with theoretical calculations performed with an adapted transfer-matrix approach. The case of semi-cavities is finally considered and a new way to control the exciton-photon interaction in our system is achieved tailoring the photonic wave function with a change in the reflectivity phase of the mirrors.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 801-829 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Atomic photon processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si calcolano le probabilità di transizione a due fotoni nell’elio atomico dallo stato fondamentale 11 S e dagli stati metastabili 21 S e 23 S agli stati eccitati di piú bassa energia (n≤4). Si usa il metodo dell’interazione di configurazioni, che dà un’accuratezza dell’1%, stimata dal confronto tra la «gauge di lunghezza» e «la gauge di velocità». Effetti di correlazione contribuiscono circa 20% alle probabilità di transizione. La vita media dello stato 21 S è di circa 19.6 ms. Le probabilità di transizione a due fotoni mostrano una forte dipendenza dalla frequenza, caratterizzata da risonanze e da trasparenze.
    Notes: Summary The two-photon transition probabilities from the ground state 11 S and from the metastable states 21 S and 23 S to the lowest excited states are computed in He. A configuration interaction approach is used, and a detailed comparison between the «length» and the «velocity» gauges leads to an estimate of 1% accuracy. Correlation effects are found to account for about 20% of the transition probabilities. The life-time of the 21 S state is ≅19.6 ms. The two-photon transition probabilities display a dramatic dependence on frequency, characterized by resonances and transparencies.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1541-1560 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Polarons and electron-phonon interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Le energie di legame di eccitoni di cristalli polari in interazione con i fononi longitudinali ottici sono calcolate usando uno stato coerente di fononi la cui funzione di distribuzione è ottenuta da una soluzione esatta dell'equazione della variazione funzionale. Si trova un rilassamento incompleto del reticolo e un aumento delle energie di legame rispetto a quelle ottenute con schermo dielettrico statico in tutti quei casi in cui il raggio del polarone è confrontatbile con il raggio dell'eccitone. Si discute il caso di masse efficaci anisotrope. Si calcolano le probabilità di transizione al primo ordine per eccitoni diretti senza partecipazione di fononi e con partecipazione di fononi.
    Abstract: Резюме Энергии связи экситонов полярных кристаллов во взаимодействии с оптическими продольными фононами вычисляются при помощи одного когерентного состояния фононов, функция распределения которых получается из точного рещения уравнения функциональной вариации. При этом во всех тех случаях, в которых радиус поларона оказывается сравнимым с радиусом экситона, обнаруживается неполная релаксация решетки и повышение энергий вяязи по сравнению с теми, которые получаются при помощи статистического диэлектрического экрана. Обсуждается случай эффективных анизотропических масс. Вычисляются вероятности перехода первого порядка для прямых экситонов без участия и при участии фононов.
    Notes: Summary The binding energies of exciton states in interaction with longitudinal optical phonons in polar materials are computed by using a phonon coherent state, the distribution function of which is obtained from an exact solution of the functional variational equation. We find an incomplete relaxation of the lattice and an increase of the binding energies with respect to those obtained with static dielectric screening when the polaron radius is comparable to the exciton radius. The case of anisotropic effective masses is also discussed. Transition probabilities are computed in first order for direct excitons with zero phonon and with phonon participation.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 1673-1687 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Excitons and related phenomena (including electron-hole drops) ; Polaritons (including photon-photon and photon-magnon interactions) ; Optical properties of thin films, surfaces, and and thin layer structures (including superlattices, heterostructures, and intercalation compounds)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We show how the breaking of the translational invariance in a quantum well modifies the concept of polariton with respect to that defined for bulk material. Polaritons in quantum wells result from the combination of the exciton states with the radiation field. They are here obtained as the solutions of Maxwell equations with retardation, provided an appropriate nonlocal response function is used for the electric susceptibility, and Maxwell boundary conditions are imposed. We find two types of polaritons depending on the values of the in-plane wavevectork II: those atk II〈ω/v (wherev=c/n is the velocity of light in the sample) are resonant with the radiation field in the barrier and those atk II〉ω/v cannot be coupled to waves in the barrier. In both cases explicit expressions are given for radiative shifts and radiative broadenings as functions ofk II. Numerical results are obtained for GaAs-Ga1−x Al x As and for CuCl quantum wells and new experiments are suggested. The existence of resonant and surface polaritons justifies an interpretation of the temperature dependence of the radiative lifetime suggested by the same authors. It also decreases the radiative efficiency in the direction perpendicular to the planes and increases the radiative efficiency parallel to the planes with increasing temperature.
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