ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (31,552)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (5,058)
  • Adaptation
  • 2020-2024  (19)
  • 2005-2009  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (19,431)
  • 1980-1984  (17,230)
Collection
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Unknown
    London : Springer
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Artificial Life ; Bio-inspired Computing ; Bio-inspired Robotics ; Collective Behaviour ; Complex Systems ; Decentralized Management ; Distrbuted Management ; Distributed Computing ; Emergence ; Evolutinary Algorithms ; Immune Networks ; Information Transfer ; Multi-agent Systems ; Pattern Formation ; Self-assembly ; Self-organization ; Self-organizing Computation
    Description / Table of Contents: The main challenge faced by designers of self-organizing systems is how to validate and control non-deterministic dynamics. Over-engineering the system may completely suppress self-organization with an outside influence, eliminating emergent patterns and decreasing robustness, adaptability and scalability. Whilst leaving too much non-determinism in the system’s behaviour may make its verification and validation almost impossible. This book presents the state-of-the-practice in successfully engineered self-organizing systems, and examines ways to balance design and self organization in the context of applications. As demonstrated throughout, finding this balance helps to deal with diverse practical challenges. The book begins with the more established fields of traffic management and structural health monitoring, building up towards robotic teams, solving challenging tasks deployed in tough environments. The second half of the book follows with a deeper look into the micro-level, and considers local interactions between agents. These interactions lead towards self-modifying digital circuitry and self-managing grids, self-organizing data visualization and intrusion detection in computer networks, immunocomputing and nature-inspired computation, and eventually to artificial life. The case studies described illustrate the richness of the topic and provide guidance to its intricate areas. Many algorithms proposed and discussed in this volume are biologically inspired and readers will also gain an insight into cellular automata, genetic algorithms, artificial immune systems, snake-like locomotion, ant foraging, birds flocking and mutualistic biological ecosystems, amongst others. Demonstrating the practical relevance and applicability of self-organization, this book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in a wide range of fields.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 375 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781846289828
    Language: English
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Keywords: Coastal Resilience ; Social Justice ; Extreme Weather ; Natural Disaster ; Disaster Recovery ; Adaptation ; Severe Storm ; Climate Change management ; Coastal hazards ; Hurricane ; Katrina ; Flood ; Gentrification ; Environmental Policy ; Water Policy ; Environmental Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the Book: “Ahead of the Curve” / Shirley Laska / Pages 1-31 --- Louisiana’s Risks Anticipating the Future Challenges to Other U.S. Coastal Communities --- Managing Risks in Louisiana’s Rapidly Changing Coastal Zone / Donald F. Boesch / Pages 35-62 --- Climate Adaptation Challenges and Solutions --- Connecting the Dots: The Origins, Evolutions, and Implications of the Map that Changed Post-Katrina Recovery Planning in New Orleans / Zachary Lamb / Pages 65-91 --- Antagonisms of Adaptation: Climate Change Adaptation Measures in New Orleans and New York City / Kevin Fox Gotham, Megan Faust / Pages 93-112 --- Adapting to a Smaller Coast: Restoration, Protection, and Social Justice in Coastal Louisiana / Scott A. Hemmerling, Monica Barra, Rebecca H. Bond / Pages 113-144 --- Relocation and Resettlement: An Extreme Adjustment --- Community Resettlement in Louisiana: Learning from Histories of Horror and Hope / Nathan Jessee / Pages 147-184 --- Sojourners in a New Land: Hope and Adaptive Traditions / Kristina J. Peterson / Pages 185-214 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Urban --- Post-disaster Development Dilemmas: Advancing Landscapes of Social Justice in a Neoliberal Post-disaster Landscape / Anna Livia Brand, Vern Baxter / Pages 217-240 --- Reimagining Housing: Affordability Crisis and Its Role in Disaster Resilience and Recovery / Andreanecia M. Morris, Lucas Diaz / Pages 241-259 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Suburban/Mid State --- The 2016 Unexpected Mid-State Louisiana Flood: With Special Focus on the Different Rescue and Recovery Responses It Engendered / Michelle Annette Meyer, Brant Mitchell, Shannon Van Zandt, Stuart Nolan / Pages 263-281 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Rural --- Challenges of Post-Disaster Recovery in Rural Areas / Alessandra Jerolleman / Pages 285-310 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Coupled Coastal-Inland --- Regional Resilience: Building Adaptive Capacity and Community Well-Being Across Louisiana’s Dynamic Coastal–Inland Continuum / Traci Birch, Jeff Carney / Pages 313-340
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 361 pages) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9783030272050
    Language: English
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Firenze University Press | USiena Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Moby Dick Rehearsed is a magnificent experiment in the style of Orson Welles, whose talent explores in depth the texture of Melville's novel in an attempt to put it on stage. The analysis shows how the play - performed in New York in 1955 - sheds light on Welles's idea of the theater as a laboratory to experiment with the possibilities of this peculiar form of entertainment. The novel's inner violence and theatrical power become evident when Welles stages a rehearsal of Moby Dick by a company of actors used to act in Shakespeare's Hamlet in 1955. The well-known influence of Shakespeare on Melville's novel emerges from the play, which became a book published by Samuel French in 1965 in New York. Its Italian translation by Cristina Viti - Moby Dick. Prove per un dramma in due atti - provides the base for Elio De Capitani's mise en scene of the play in Milan in 2022, under the title of Moby-Dick alla prova.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; violence ; rehearsal ; experiment ; performance ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies
    Language: Italian
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: This open access book explores the intersection of property law, relocation, and resettlement processes in the United States and among communities that grapple with migration as an adaptation strategy. As communities face the prospect of relocating because of rising seas, policy makers, disaster specialists, and community leaders are scrambling to understand what adaptation pathways are legally possible. While in its ideal application, law functions blindly and without variation, the authors find that legal contradictions come to bear on resettlement processes and place certain communities further in harm’s way. This book will unearth these contradictions in order to understand why successful community-based resettlement has presented such a challenge to communities that are experiencing increasing land deterioration as a result of climate change.
    Keywords: Environmental politics ; Property Law ; Migration ; United States ; Relocation ; Resettlement ; Climate Change ; Climate justice ; Adaptation ; Climate disaster ; Community-based resettlement ; Land deterioration ; Policy ; Emergency management ; Public administration ; Disaster ; Emergencies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFD Civil codes / Civil law ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Analysis of the seventeenth-century theatrical adaptation of the Neapolitan Carlo Celano, L’infanta villana, and the Spanish source identified, La cortesana en la sierra y fortunas de don Manrique de Lara, written in collaboration by Juan de Matos Fragoso (I act), Juan Bautista Diamante (II act) and Juan Vélez de Guevara (III act). It focuses in particular on two sequences - one serious and one comic - that allow to verify the degree of dramatic and rhetorical adaptation and the translatability of humor compared with the prototext.
    Keywords: Italian Comedy spagnoleggiante ; Carlo Celano ; Juan de Matos Fragoso ; Juan Bautista Diamante ; Juan Vélez de Guevara ; Adaptation ; Translation
    Language: Spanish
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phenotypic plasticity – the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct response to a change in its environment – is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this phenomenon exists is crucial because it unites all levels of biological inquiry. This book brings together researchers who approach plasticity from diverse perspectives to explore new ideas and recent findings about the causes and consequences of plasticity. Contributors also discuss such controversial topics as how plasticity shapes ecological and evolutionary processes; whether specific plastic responses can be passed to offspring; and whether plasticity has left an important imprint on the history of life. Importantly, each chapter highlights key questions for future research. Drawing on numerous studies of plasticity in natural populations of plants and animals, this book aims to foster greater appreciation for this important, but frequently misunderstood phenomenon. Key Features Written in an accessible style with numerous illustrations, including many in color Reviews the history of the study of plasticity, including Darwin’s views Most chapters conclude with recommendations for future research
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Developmental Mechanisms ; Epigenetics ; Origins of Novelty ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
    Format: image/png
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Resilience ; Adaptation ; Blue Carbon ; Ecosystems ; Ocean Optimism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Climate scenarios show that Mediterranean areas will be affected by torrential patterns of rain, that can cause difficulties in urban life in coastal areas, mainly due to the draining systems and to the sea-level. Lisbon is on the estuary of Tagus river, which would be probably affected by run-off and by the forecasted rising sea-level. Redesigning its relationship with water, trying to make this urban area more resilient, becomes crucial and asks to study run-off and sea-level rise for 2100 and for intermediate steps, to adapt the urban life and its spaces to the occurring scenarios.
    Keywords: Waterfront ; Climate Change ; Adaptation ; Resilience ; Urban Strategic Projects
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Keywords: Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: F. Scott Fitzgerald once said: »Show me a hero, and I'll write you a tragedy.« In the 1990s, nobody fell deeper than O.J. Simpson. Once considered a national treasure, the athlete was accused of brutally slaying his ex-wife Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman on June 12, 1994. Within days, the media and public developed an unprecedented obsession with the story, turning a murder investigation and trial into a sensationalized reality show. Tatjana Neubauer examines the mediatization, deliberate manipulation, and the simplification of popular criminal trials for profit on television. She demonstrates that TV conflated legal proceedings into entertainment programming by commodifying events, people, and places.
    Keywords: Mediatization ; O.J. Simpson ; Reality Television ; Court TV ; Adaptation ; Media ; America ; Television ; Media Theory ; Cultural Studies ; Media Studies ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies::JBCT2 Media studies: TV and society ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
    Keywords: Norm diffusion ; Public diplomacy ; Adaptation ; Feminist Foreign Policy ; Russian War ; War in Ukraine ; Human rights ; Transitional justice ; Sustaining peace ; Localization ; Globalization ; Security ; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ; OSCE ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms::JPVH Human rights ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    KIT Scientific Publishing | KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to its dynamic range, the human eye can adapt to a wide variety of light situations within a very short time. If the dynamic range of the eye is insufficient, glare occurs. There is no suitable objective measurement method to describe the effects on visual performance and its course. This was developed and validated as part of this work.
    Keywords: Blendung ; Adaptation ; Licht ; Visuelle Wahrnehmung ; Kurzzeitgedächtnis ; Glare ; Adaption ; Light ; VisualPperception ; Short Time Memory ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering
    Language: German
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forest tree genetics and genomics are advancing at an accelerated rate, thanks to recent developments in high-throughput, next-generation sequencing capabilities, and novel biostatistical tools. Population and landscape genetics and genomics have seen the rise of new approaches implemented in large-scale studies that employ the use of genome-wide sampling. Such studies have started to discern the dynamics of neutral and adaptive variation in nature and the processes that underlie spatially explicit patterns of genetic and genomic variation in nature. The continuous development of genetic maps in forest trees and the expansion of QTL and association mapping approaches contribute to the unravelling of the genotype-phenotype relationship and lead to marker-assisted and genome-wide selection. However, major challenges lie ahead. Recent literature suggests that species demography and genetic diversity have been affected both by climatic oscillations and anthropogenically induced stresses in a way calls into question the possibility of future adaptation. Moreover, the pace of contemporary environmental change presents a great challenge to forest tree populations and their ability to adapt, taking into consideration their life history characteristics. Several questions emerge that include, but are not limited to, the interpretation of forest tree genome surveillance and their structural/functional properties, the adaptive and neutral processes that have shaped forest tree genomes, the analysis of phenotypic traits relevant to adaptation (especially adaptation under contemporary climate change), the link between epigenetics/epigenomics and phenotype/genotype, and the use of genetics/genomics as well as genetic monitoring to advance conservation priorities.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; GE1-350 ; SD1-669.5 ; QTL/Association Mapping ; Management of Forest Genetic Resources ; Phylogeography ; Epigenetics/Epigenomics ; Molecular Evolution ; Proteomics ; Functional Genomics ; Population/Landscape Genetics/Genomics ; Conservation Genetics/Genomics ; Adaptation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This book unites essays on the interplay of media or inter-arts studies, as well as papers with a focus on comics studies, further testimony to the fact that comics have truly arrived in mainstream academic discourse. "Adaptation" is a key term for the studies presented in this volume various articles discuss the adaptation of literary source texts in different target media - cinematic versions, comics adaptations, TV series, theatre, and opera.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; intermediality ; comics studies ; world literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: English , German , French
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
    Keywords: Norm diffusion ; Public diplomacy ; Adaptation ; Feminist Foreign Policy ; Russian War ; War in Ukraine ; Human rights ; Transitional justice ; Sustaining peace ; Localization ; Globalization ; Security ; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ; OSCE ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecology Letters 11 (2008): 1316-1327, doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01251.x.
    Description: In the short-term heterotrophic soil respiration is strongly and positively related to temperature. In the long-term its response to temperature is uncertain. One reason for this is because in field experiments increases in respiration due to warming are relatively short-lived. The explanations proposed for this ephemeral response include depletion of fast-cycling, soil carbon pools and thermal adaptation of microbial respiration. Using a 〉15 year soil warming experiment in a mid-latitude forest, we show that the apparent ‘acclimation’ of soil respiration at the ecosystem scale results from combined effects of reductions in soil carbon pools and microbial biomass, and thermal adaptation of microbial respiration. Mass specific respiration rates were lower when seasonal temperatures were higher, suggesting that rate reductions under experimental warming likely occurred through temperature-induced changes in the microbial community. Our results imply that stimulatory effects of global temperature rise on soil respiration rates may be lower than currently predicted.
    Description: This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
    Keywords: Acclimation ; Adaptation ; Soil respiration ; Thermal biology ; Temperature ; Carbon cycling ; Climate change ; Climate warming ; Microbial community ; CO2
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: First published online as a Review in Advance on October 24, 2005. (Some corrections may occur before final publication online and in print)
    Description: Author Posting. © Annual Reviews, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Annual Reviews for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Annual Review of Physiology 68 (2006): 22.1-22.29, doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040104.105418.
    Description: Superfast muscles of vertebrates power sound production. The fastest, the swimbladder muscle of toadfish, generates mechanical power at frequencies in excess of 200 Hz. To operate at these frequencies, the speed of relaxation has had to increase approximately 50-fold. This increase is accomplished by modifications of three kinetic traits: (a) a fast calcium transient due to extremely high concentration of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+ pumps and parvalbumin, (b) fast off-rate of Ca2+ from troponin C due to an alteration in troponin, and (c) fast cross-bridge detachment rate constant (g, 50 times faster than that in rabbit fast-twitch muscle) due to an alteration in myosin. Although these three modifications permit swimbladder muscle to generate mechanical work at high frequencies (where locomotor muscles cannot), it comes with a cost: The high g causes a large reduction in attached force-generating cross-bridges, making the swimbladder incapable of powering low-frequency locomotory movements. Hence the locomotory and sound-producing muscles have mutually exclusive designs.
    Description: This work was made possible by support from NIH grants AR38404 and AR46125 as well as the University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation.
    Keywords: Parvalbumin ; Ca2+ release ; Ca2+ uptake ; Cross-bridges ; Adaptation ; Sound production ; Whitman Center
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: 567086 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: A sustainability transition in line with achieving global climate goals requires the implementation of win-win strategies (WWS), i.e. socioeconomic activities that enable economic gains while simultaneously contributing to climate change mitigation or adaptation measures. Such strategies are discussed in a variety of scientific communities, such as sustainability science, industrial ecology and symbiosis and circular economy. However, existing analyses of win-win strategies tend to take a systems perspective, while paying less attention to the specific actors and activities, or their interconnections, which are implicated in win-win strategies. Moreover, they hardly address adaptation WWS. To address these gaps and support the identification and enhancement of WWS for entrepreneurs and policy-makers, we propose a typology of WWS based on the concept of a value-consumption chain, which typically connects several producers with at least one consumer of a good or service. A consideration of these connections allows an evaluation of economic effects in a meso-economic perspective. We distinguish 34 different types of WWS of companies, households and the state, for which 23 real-world examples are identified. Further, contrary to prevailing views on the lack of a business case for adaptation, we do identify real-world adaptation WWS, though they remain underrepresented compared with mitigation WWS. Our typology can be used as an entry point for transdisciplinary research integrating assessment of individual transformative socioeconomic activities and highly aggregated approaches assessing, e.g. the macro-economic effects of WWS.
    Description: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme ()
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Win-win ; Green business models ; Green entrepreneurs ; Typology ; Mitigation ; Adaptation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Die Ergebnisse regionaler Klimaprojektionen für Deutschland weisen auf eine Zunahme der mittleren Lufttemperatur und eine innerjährliche Verschiebung der Niederschläge – mit feuchteren Wintern und trockeneren Sommern – hin. Darüber hinaus werden sich regional die Häufigkeit, Intensität und Dauer von Hitzewellen, Trockenperioden und Starkregenereignissen weiter erhöhen. Durch diese Veränderungen wird sich auch der Jahresgang der Grundwasserneubildung ändern. Als Folge dessen können sich Änderungen bei den hohen, mittleren und tiefen Grundwasserständen, Grundwasserschwankungsbreiten und dem Grundwasserdargebot ergeben. Aber nicht nur die Ressource Grundwasser wird durch die Folgen des Klimawandels betroffen. Auch die gesamte Infrastruktur – von der Förderung bis zur Verteilungsleitung zum Kunden – kann beeinträchtigt werden. Neben den direkten Einflüssen sind auch indirekte Beeinflussungen durch Kaskadeneffekte – beispielsweise ausgehend vom Energiesektor – möglich. Darum gilt es integrative, ganzheitliche und systemische Lösungen zu erarbeiten, um die Funktionalität der kritischen Infrastruktur dauerhaft auch unter Berücksichtigung der Folgen des Klimawandels gewährleisten zu können.
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH (HZG) (4216)
    Description: Climate change impacts on groundwater use—impacts and action needs
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Klimawandel ; Wasserversorgung ; Kritische Infrastruktur ; Anpassung ; Climate change ; Impacts ; Water supply ; Critical infrastructure ; Adaptation
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Cereal crop production in sub-Saharan Africa has not achieved the much-needed increase in yields to foster economic development and food security. Maize yields in the region’s semi-arid agroecosystems are constrained by highly variable rainfall, which may be worsened by climate change. Thus, the Tanzanian government has prioritized agriculture as an adaptation sector in its intended nationally determined contribution, and crop management adjustments as a key investment area in its Agricultural Sector Development Programme. In this study, we investigated how future changes in maize yields under different climate scenarios can be countered by regional adjusted crop management and cultivar adaptation strategies. A crop model was used to simulate maize yields in the Singida region of Tanzania for the baseline period 1980–2012 and under three future climate projections for 2020–2060 and 2061–2099. Adaptation strategies to improve yields were full irrigation, deficit irrigation, mulch and nitrogen addition and another cultivar. According to our model results, increase in temperature is the main driver of future maize yield decline. Increased respiration and phenological development were associated with lower maize yields of 16% in 2020–2060 and 20% in 2061–2099 compared to the 1980–2012 baseline. Surprisingly, none of the management strategies significantly improved yields; however, a different maize variety that was tested as an alternative coping strategy performed better. This study suggests that investment in accessibility of improved varieties and investigation of maize traits that have the potential to perform well in a warmer future are better suited for sustaining maize production in the semi-arid region than adjustments in crop management.
    Description: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
    Description: Universität Hohenheim (3153)
    Keywords: ddc:631 ; Maize ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Model ; Tanzania ; NDC
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-06-14
    Description: Background Salinity, exacerbated by rising sea levels, is a critical environmental cue affecting freshwater ecosystems. Predicting ecosystem structure in response to such changes and their implications for the geographical distribution of arthropod disease vectors requires further insights into the plasticity and adaptability of lower trophic level species in freshwater systems. Our study investigated whether populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens, typically considered sensitive to salt, have adapted due to gradual exposure. Methods Mesocosm experiments were conducted to evaluate responses in life history traits to increasing levels of salinity in three populations along a gradient perpendicular to the North Sea coast. Salt concentrations up to the brackish–marine transition zone (8 g/l chloride) were used, upon which no survival was expected. To determine how this process affects oviposition, a colonization experiment was performed by exposing the coastal population to the same concentrations. Results While concentrations up to the currently described median lethal dose (LD50) (4 g/l) were surprisingly favored during egg laying, even the treatment with the highest salt concentration was incidentally colonized. Differences in development rates among populations were observed, but the influence of salinity was evident only at 4 g/l and higher, resulting in only a 1-day delay. Mortality rates were lower than expected, reaching only 20% for coastal and inland populations and 41% for the intermediate population at the highest salinity. Sex ratios remained unaffected across the tested range. Conclusions The high tolerance to salinity for all key life history parameters across populations suggests that Cx. pipiens is unlikely to shift its distribution in the foreseeable future, with potential implications for the disease risk of associated pathogens.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Culex pipiens ; Environmental change ; Mosquito ; Population dynamics ; Oviposition ; experiments ; Salinization
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Climate change affects human activities, including tourism across various sectors and time frames. The winter tourism industry, dependent on low temperatures, faces significant impacts. This paper reviews the implications of climate change on winter tourism, emphasising challenges for activities like skiing and snowboarding, which rely on consistent snowfall and low temperatures. As the climate changes, these once taken-for-granted conditions are no longer as commonplace. Through a comprehensive review supported by up-to-date satellite imagery, this paper presents evidence suggesting that the reliability of winter snow is decreasing, with findings revealing a progressive reduction in snow levels associated with temperature and precipitation changes in some regions. The analysis underscores the need for concerted efforts by stakeholders who must recognize the reality of diminishing snow availability and work towards understanding the specific changes in snow patterns. This should involve multi-risk and multi-instrument assessments, including ongoing satellite data monitoring to track snow cover changes. The practical implications for sports activities and the tourism industry reliant on snow involve addressing challenges by diversifying offerings. This includes developing alternative winter tourism activities less dependent on snow, such as winter hiking, nature walks, or cultural experiences.
    Description: Published
    Description: 120554
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Climate change ; Adaptation ; Tourism losses ; Winter sport ; Multi-date satellite imagery ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 109-120 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Ground water ; Biodegradation ; Hydrocarbon ; Adaptation ; Subsurface ; Creosote ; Microorganism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The microbial ecology of pristine, slightly contaminated, and heavily contaminated subsurface materials, and four subsurface materials on the periphery of the plume at an abandoned creosote waste site was investigated. Except for the unsaturated zone of the heavily contaminated material, mineralization of glucose (13.5 ppb) indicated a metabolically active microflora in all subsurface materials. However, mineralization (〈40%) of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and 2-methylnaphthalene was observed in contaminated material and material from the periphery of the plume, but not in pristine material. Pentachlorophenol was mineralized in material from the periphery of the plume. Inorganic and organic nutrient amendments and changes in pH and temperature did not increase the extent of mineralization of the aromatic compounds. An array of organic compounds found in creosote were biotransformed in contaminated ground water; however some compounds were still detected after 7 months of incubation. The data suggest that the subsurface microflora in slightly and heavily contaminated subsurface materials and materials from the periphery of the plume has adapted to degrade many compounds found in creosote.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 453-455 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Adaptation ; diffusion trapping ; sulfate infusion ; PpH ; UpH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Upon sulfate administration, UpH falls more in alkalotic rats than in controls. Alkalosis can lead to a reduction in UNH 3V at highly acidic urine. The significance of this process is doubtful at UpH ranging from about 6 to 7. At lower UpH less NH3 would be excreted, thereby less H+ would be trapped in urine and some acid would be conserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 134-136 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Adaptation ; animal models ; animal vendor effects ; evolutionary mechanisms ; rat strain effects ; rat swimming ; sleep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Over the past few years, our laboratory group has elaborated a repeated measures rat swimming test. It provides an animal base for showing that the REM sleep mechanism is important to both emotional responsiveness and environmental adaptations. All of that work has been done with Sprague-Dawley rats obtained from a local supplier. Work done with two European rat stocks (by researchers in France and The Netherlands) shows general agreement with our own. In this presentation, we directly compare rats derived from an English vendor's Sprague-Dawley stock with the U.S. based Sprague-Dawley stock which we have been using. We also make strain comparisons via the F344 and the Long Evans strains. Although the literature has numerous examples of swimming test differences between inbred and wild rat stocks, strain difference effects have not been reported. We report that there are significant differences attributable to inbred strain but not to vendor on this measure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S118 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Strain ; Remodeling ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary For bone to remodel adaptively, the cells responsible should follow some algorithm. Nine different loading situations and structures are discussed. It seems that either algorithm must be extremely complex, or cells in different structures must follow different algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 33 (1989), S. 246-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Sweating in calves ; Age and heat tolerance ; Sweating, age effects ; Sweating, seasonal effects ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Sweating rate, rectal and skin temperatures and respiration rate were measured at weekly intervals from 7 days of age (for 4 weeks in Experiment 1; 6 weeks in Experiment 2) in winter- and summer-born Friesian calves exposed to a temperature of 39°C dry bulb and 32°C wet bulb in a climate chamber. Four calves were studied in each season in both experiments. In Experiment 1, ambient temperatures were from 3° to 9°C higher in early summer than in late winter. During each 39°C exposure, sweating rate increased from basal levels of 40–90 to plateau levels of 120–300 g/m2 per h after 90–120 min. The increase in sweating rate with age was most pronounced in winter-born calves, but summer-born calves had higher values at 1 week of age (167±52.4 vs 94.4±30.1 g/m2 per h). Seasonal differences in ambient temperature were greater in Experiment 2 (11° to 17°C). In this case summer-born calves had higher sweating rates at each age (plateau values of 220–320 g/m2 per h), and showed a more rapid increase in sweating rate during each 39°C exposure than winter-born calves (plateau values of 100–250 g/m2 per h). The results demonstrate major changes in sweating competence during the first 4–6 weeks of life in Friesian calves, a quite pronounced effect of season (ambient temperature) on the levels of sweating achieved, and indicate that low sweating rates in newborn calves are a contributing factor in deaths due to hyperthermia in semi-arid grazing areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Cabbage butterfly ; Pieris rapae ; Evolution ; Adaptation ; Colonisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Australian and U.K. Pieris rapae differ markedly in their oviposition behaviour; U.K. females produce a more aggregated egg distribution, and lay their eggs more quickly, than do Australian females. The adaptive reason for this divergence probably lies in the relative costs of increased flight time (more costly in the U.K.) and increased local crowding (more costly in Australia). There is also a strong relationship between juvenile developmental rate (at constant temperature) and oviposition behaviour, but the form of this relationship differed between the two populations. The adaptive reasons for the link between developmental rate and behaviour is not clear. It may be that this link represents the tip of the iceberg; i.e. that physiological, developmental, and behabioral characters all co-vary in ways and for reasons that we do not yet understand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Speciation ; Urine ; Kidney ; Spalax ehrenbergi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We report on kidney structure and function in subterranean mammals of four chromosomal species (2n=52, 54, 58 and 60) belonging to the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies, in relation to their speciation and adaptive radiation from mesic (2n=52) to xeric (2n=60) environments in Israel. Structural variables measured involved: (1) Relative Medullary Thickness, (RMT); (2) Relative Kidney Weight. (RKW); and (3) Percentage of Kidney out of Body Weight (PKW). Functional variables involved: (i) Urine Solid Concentration, (USC); and (ii) Urine Osmotic Concentration (UOC). The results for chromosomal species 2n=52, 54, 58 and 60 indicated nonsignificant increase southward for RMT, but displayed significant increase along the same transect for RKW, PKW, and USC. The UOC was significantly lower in mesic 2n=52 as compared to the other three species when experimental animals were fed in the laboratory on regular carrot food. However, protein stress food (soybean) and salt stress of 0.45 mol NaCl, caused significant, three and a half fold increase of UOC in 2n=52, 54 and 58; but four and a half fold increase in 2n=60, significantly higher than in the other three species. We conclude that both structurally and functionally, the kidneys differentiated adaptively during the Pleistocene evolution of S. ehrenbergi in Israel, in accordance with aridity stress and halophyte food resources towards the desert. Nevertheless, Spalax generally shows clear upper limits in kidney structural and functional capacities, preventing it from colonizing the true desert, south of the 100 mm isohyete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 553-561 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Carbon isotope ratio ; Leaf conductance ; Water-use efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Encelia farinosa and Encelia frutescens are drought-decidous shrubs whose distributions overlap throughout much of the Sonoran Desert. During hot and dry periods, leaves of E. farinosa utilize increased leaf reflectance to reduce leaf temperature, whereas leaves of E. frutescens have substantially higher leaf conductances and rely on increased transpirational cooling to reduce leaf temperature. E. farinosa is common on the dry slope microhabitats, whereas E. frutescens occurs only in wash microhabitats where greater soil moisture is available to provide the water necessary for transpirational cooling. E. farinosa tends not to persist in wash microhabitats because of its greater susceptibility to flashfloods. The consequences and significance of increased leaf reflectance versus increased transpirational cooling to leaf temperature regulation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Developmental rate ; Adult weight ; Adaptation ; Temperature ; Acyrthosiphon pisum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Developmental rate and adult weight were studied at constant temperatures from 9.8 to 27.9°C for 18 clones from each of five populations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from locations between 39 and 53°N latitude in central North America. The response of developmental rate to temperature for each clone was accurately described by a three parameter non-linear equation. Adult weight usually decreased with increasing rearing temperature, but the shape of the response to temperature varied among clones. Variation in the developmental parameters was greater among clones within populations than among populations. No consistent trends were observed in the developmental parameters or adult weights either with latitude or the long term average temperatures at the locations. We conclude that previously reported geographic variation in the developmental threshold of this species, which was attributed to local adaptation, occurred either because the clones tested were not representative of the populations or because rearing methods differed among studies. The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that life history traits which are temperature sensitive are adapted to local thermal environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Migration ; Adaptation ; Photoperiod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the study was to quantify long distance movements in populations of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), by estimating origins and distances travelled by immigrants into a southern Manitoba population. A strong relationship was demonstrated between latitude of origin and photoperiods at which pea aphid populations are stimulated to produce the diapause stage (Smith 1987). Therefore, the approach was to use photoperiodic response as a physiological marker to identify the source of immigrant aphids. The responses of 89 clones from Glenlea, Manitoba (49°38′N), sampled 5 times over 2 seasons, were measured. One sample of clones collected the first season had photoperiodic responses similar to those of a population about 300 km to the south, and significantly different from clones collected in spring of the same year at the same site. Weather analysis corroberates that the migrants were probably carried into Manitoba on a southerly flow of air during the previous 24 to 36 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Altitudinal gradients ; Herbivores ; Insect galls ; Species richness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five hypotheses were invoked to account for variation in galling species number per location on plants of different structural complexity, namely herbs, shrubs, and trees, both in Brazil and USA. The hypotheses were: 1) the altitudinal/latitudinal gradient hypothesis; 2) the harsh environment hypothesis; 3) the plant species richness hypothesis; 4) the host plant area hypothesis; 5) the plant structural complexity hypothesis. The altitudinal and the harsh environment hypotheses were correlated and supported with sample data in both localities, with increasing gall species number as altitude/latitude declined and as sites became hotter and drier. The two hypotheses were separated by studying riparian sites and dry hillside sites at the same elevation in Arizona. Galling species frequency was higher in dry sites than in riparian sites, supporting the harsh environment hypothesis. Of the five hypotheses tested only the harsh environment hypothesis predicted that galling insect species number should vary in response to environmental variables such as moisture and temperature. Temperate shrubs supported more galling species than did other plant types, both in dry and mesic sites. The overall difference between galling species richness for tropical and temperate latitudes was not statistically significant. Free-feeding insect herbivore species exhibited the opposite pattern of species richness to gallers, being more speciose in riparian sites. The present study corroborates the hypothesis that the gall forming habit is an adaptation to harsh or stressful environments, and we describe for the first time broad scale geographical patterns in galling insect species richness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 77 (1988), S. 533-536 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Energetics ; Speciation ; Adaptation ; Spalax ehrenbergi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gross energy intake and apparent dry matter digestibility of animals fed carrots ad lib in the laboratory, were measured in the four chromosomal species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel. Gross energy intake of 132.8 and 155.9 kJ/day was measured for the 2n=52 and 2n=58 chromosomal “mesic” species, while in the 2n=54 and 2n=60 chromosomal “xeric” species it measured only 80.3 and 75.0 kJ/day, respectively. Dry matter digestibility ranged between 92.3 and 95.6% in thefour chromosomal species. The differences in gross energy intake between the “mesic” and “xeric” species, appeared to reflect adaptive energy metabolism variation associated with geographic variation in climate, habitat productivity, and food availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Receptor potential ; Intracellular and extracellular calcium concentration ; Intensity dependence ; Adaptation ; Sensitivity control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The light-induced membrane voltage response (receptor potential, ReP) and the absorption change of the intracellularly injected calcium indicator arsenazo III (arsenazo response) were recorded simultaneously in Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptor cells. A double pulse technique was applied for stimulation. After pressure injection of the indicator into the cell absorption changes were measured at 646 nm to obtain a measure of the changes of the intracellular calcium ion concentration. 1. The size of the arsenazo response increases with increasing intensity of the light stimulus. The intensity dependence of the size of the arsenazo response δAmax shows almost no correlate with the peak amplitude of the ReP, but correlates rather well with the time integral of the ReP. 2. Decreasing light adaptation (caused by prolongation of the repetition time of the pulse pairs) leads to an increase in size of the arsenazo response. Also here δAmax correlates better with the time integral of the ReP than with its peak amplitude. 3. Lowering the calcium concentration in the superfusate (from 10 mmol/l to ca. 40 Μmol/l) causes after ca. 10 min a drastical diminution of the arsenazo response to values below the noise level, and a less marked reduction in size of the ReP. The falling phase of the ReP is slower. After return to normal calcium concentration the arsenazo response recovers partly in ca. 50 min, while the ReP recovers faster. The results show two opposite correlations between ReP and arsenazo response: Increase in size and duration of the ReP causes a greater transient increase of the intracellular calcium ion concentration. This in turn tends to reduce and shorten the ReP. Which effect dominates obviously depends on the conditions of the experiment: when the calcium concentration in the superfusate is reduced to ca. 40 Μmol/l a slow decrease of the ReP is accompanied by a small increase of the intracellular calcium ion concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 7 (1981), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Grasshopper ; Electroretinogram ; Adaptation ; Spectral sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The grasshopper ERG displays a rapid recovery of responsivity following the onset of a background light. Although observed earlier in skate and frog, this phenomenon has not previously been seen in an invertebrate. Furthermore, a period of hyperresponsivity exists in early dark adaptation and resembles that found in skate and frog. Thus, recovery in the light and hyperresponsivity in the dark seem to be corollaries of each other. Finally, spectral sensitivity of the ERG is determined and two peaks are found: one at 510 nm and the other at 360 nm. The former appears to be a rhodopsin-mediated sensitivity but the latter does not and they are not clearly separated by chromatic adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Photoreceptor ; Visual pigment ; Adaptation ; Facilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A conditioning light can cause a decrease (adaptation) or an increase (facilitation) in the sensitivity of barnacle photoreceptors, as measured by the amplitude of the late receptor potential (LRP). We show that a net transfer of visual pigment from the rhodopsin (R) to the metarhodopsin (M) state induces a large facilitation whereas the reverse transfer results in a much smaller facilitation or even an adaptation. These effects were not due to the response to the conditioning light but to the pigment reactions. When the conditioning light did not alter the pigment population (i.e., M → M, R → R) it was followed by an intermediate degree of facilitation. These conclusions are correct for cells which have relatively low sensitivity. In sensitive cells, all pigment transitions produce adaptation. LRP facilitation and the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential (PDA) show several common characteristics with respect to pigment transitions: 1.Their magnitude increases with the amount of pigment transferred from R to M. 2. Both are depressed by the M → R transition. 3. Their production is impeded by the M → R transition. 4. The PDA itself is facilitated by the R → M transition and this facilitation decays with a time course comparable to that of LRP facilitation. These results suggest that there may be an underlying process common to LRP facilitation and PDA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 8 (1982), S. 173-187 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Leech photoreceptors ; Extracellular calcium ; Excitation ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Extracellular recordings from the vacoule of photoreceptor cells of Hirudo medicinalis L. were performed using microelectrodes. The cells were adapted by white light flashes given at constant intervals (20 s). Response height versus relative intensity curves obtained from the same cell in physiological saline (PS) and in bathing solutions of either a) lowered calcium contents (2 ΜM/1 or less) or b) raised calcium contents (15 mM/1) were compared. The cells' adaptation state in PS was operationally defined by the ratio Q=h A /h S where h A is the response height evoked by the adapting flashes, and h S is the corresponding saturation response height. Sensitivity changes were measured by the half saturation intensity shift. Lowering extracellular calcium resulted in: 1. The response height increased and the shape of the response became more rounded and prolonged. 2. The total resistance between the vacuole and outside decreased from 8.2±1.4 MΩ (n=6) in PS to 4.6±0.4 MΩ (n=5). The resistance was independent of the cells' adaptation state. 3. A change of the cells' sensitivity occured either in direction to light adaptation or in direction to dark adaptation. It depended functionally on the ratio Q: a) if Q was less or equal to about 0.6 the cells' sensitivity increased. b) if Q was greater than 0.6 the cells' sensitivity diminished. Raising extracellular calcium decreased the sensitivity of all cells tested independent of their adaptation states in PS. The results can be interpreted under the assumptions that 1. the sensitivity of leech photoreceptor cells is inversely proportional to the intracellular free calcium concentration and Z. intracellular calcium can interact with extracellular calcium in relatively dark adapted cells whereas in relatively light adapted cells the raise of intracellular free calcium is mainly effected by a release from intracellular stores. It is assumed that a Q value of about 0.6 separates relatively light adapted cells from relatively dark adapted cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 147 (1987), S. 117-120 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Ciliate ; Stentor coeruleus ; Photophobic response ; Action spectrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of preillumination on photophobic response (light-adaptation) and recovery of the photophobic sensitivity in the dark (dark-adaptation) in Stentor coeruleus were examined. When the cells were preilluminated with white light of 7.80 W/m2 for 2 min, the fluence-rate response curve of photophobic response was shifted toward higher light intensities by half an order of magnitude compared to the one without preillumination. Preillumination with a higher light intensity resulted in a further shift of the fluencerate response curve. An action spectrum for light-adaptation showed a primary peak at 610 nm and secondary peaks at 540 and 480 nm which are almost identical to the peaks observed in the photophobic action spectrum. The light-adapted cells showed a recovery of their photophobic sensing ability following dark treatment. Dark-adaptation resulted in total recovery of photophobic sensing ability in 8 minutes for the most cases examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 127-128 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Continuous culture ; Adaptation ; Simulation of hot springs ; Boiling point ; Caldoactive bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacillus caldolyticus, a caldoactive bacterium originating from a hot spring at Yellowstone Park, was grown in a defined medium, whose composition resembled that of the pool water. Using a chemostat culture, which simulated the natural conditions, the organism could be adapted to grow at 100°C at a reasonable rate. Under increased pressure growth occurred also at 105° C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 159-164 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Boiling point ; Caldoactive enzymes ; Stabilization ; Thermostability ; Thermal characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In chemostat cultures of Bacillus caldolyticus, adaptation in a single step from 70–100°C was followed under aerobic and oxygen-limited conditions and was found to proceed more smoothly under the latter circumstances. Variations of the medium (e.g. yeast extract or silicate concentrations) showed that growth at 100°C is in all respects similar to that of cultures at moderate temperatures. Enzyme preparations derived from cultures at 5°C intervals between 70 and 100°C were used to determine the temperature range. For all nine enzymes tested, the optimum temperature was found to be 67°C; the latter was independent of the growth temperature. Differences were found, however, with respect to the maximum temperature of individual enzymes, and three groups, with maxima between 70 and 80°C, 80 and 90°C and 90 and 100°C can be distinguished. Again, there was no correlation with the growth temperature. Stability experiments also revealed that enzymes from the same organism can have different thermal properties: Some were found to be quite thermolabile (e.g. the pyruvate kinase), while others (e.g. hexokinase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase) exhibited a high thermostability. These properties were not related to the growth temperature within the 70–100°C range, too. Six of the enzymes tested could be stabilized by their respective substrates, but the degree of protection varied for individual enzymes. Three enzymes (acetate kinase, glutamate dehydrogenase and myokinase) could not be stabilized by their substrates. Comparative experiments with the hexokinase suggested, that the thermal integrity of the enzymes is better protected within the cell as compared to the stability of the enzyme preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 184-190 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Dunaliella primolecta ; Malotolerant ; Adaptation ; Plasma membrane ; ESR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor the in vivo microviscosity of the plasma membrane and lipid extracts of the salt tolerant alga, Dunaliella primolecta. The fluidity of the plasma membrane decreased as the algae were adapted to and suspended in higher sodium chloride concentrations [2–24% (w/v)]. Both biochemical modification and a physical interaction between Na+ and lipids were implicated. When the microviscosity of the plasma membrane and that of lipid extracts were determined as a function of temperature, two or three lipid phase transformations were observed. There were always transformations at 9–14° C and 39–43° C. These were interpreted as the onset and completion of the lipid phase transition of at least a major lipid component of the membrane, possibly the entire membrane. These transformation temperatures were independent of the salt concentration to which the algae were adapted or suspended. This suggests that D. primolecta exists with some of its membrane in the solid-fluid mixed lipid state. With a NaCl concentration of 8% (w/v) or greater in the growth medium, a third transformation occurred around 20–22° C. It was the result of a lipid-lipid interaction and was not related to adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacterium ; Adaptation ; Photosynthesis ; Carbohydrate accumulation ; Relative growth rate ; [Light-phosphate] interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii was grown in continuous culture under various light conditions in order to study the interactions of light on phosphorus-limited growth. Under severe P-limiting (light-saturating) conditions, a low chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin content was found. In addition, the light-harvesting capacity, reflected in the values of P max (maximum light-saturated oxygen production rate) and α (photosynthetic affinity), were low compared to light-limited cultures. Reduction of the light climate, either by reduction of the length of the photoperiod or light-intensity, resulted in an increase in light-harvesting capacity (higher pigment content, P m and α) during growth under P-limiting conditions. Light-induced changes in P max and α could be related to the relative growth rate, being the actual growth rate as a fraction of the growth rate which would be observed under light-limiting conditions. Under P-limiting conditions, reduction of the light-climate caused a reduction in dry weight of the culture. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in carbohydrate content of the cells. Under all conditions tested, carbohydrates were found to accumulate during the light-period and to be consumed during the dark-period. Evaluation of carbohydrate consumption in the dark yielded a specific maintenance rate constant of 0.001 h-1. This observation leads to the conclusion that the specific maintenance rate constant is independent on the character of the growth rate limiting nutrient for O. agardhii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 204-207 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Photosensory ; Cations ; pH ; Flagellated ; Algae ; Adaptation ; Euglena gracilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Euglena were cultured under 3 W m-2 constant white light. In culture medium, cells show immediate and long lasting step-down photophobic responses and photoaccumulation behavior to blue light if dim red light-adapted for 30 min. However, if cells are suspended in buffered, saltcontaining solutions (adaptation buffers), strong step-down photobehavior and photoaccumulation responses are not observed for several hours. These behaviors gradually increase in strength to reach a maximum after 6–12 h; after which a stable response is maintained. The relative rates of appearance and the relative strengths of the responses are influenced by the concentrations of Ca2+ and K+, but not H+ or Na+ ions, in the adaptation buffers. Expression of the stepdown photobehavior thus requires that the cells adapt to the chemical environment in which they are suspended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Synechocystis 6701 ; Phycobilisomes ; Ultra-violet ; Mutagenesis ; Assembly ; Chromatic ; Adaptation ; Rods ; Cores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mutations affecting pigmentation of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. 6701 were induced with ultraviolet light. Two mutants with phycobilisome structural changes were selected for structural studies. One mutant, UV08, was defective in chromatic adaptation and incorporated phycoerythrin into phycobilisomes in white or red light at a level typical of growth in green light. The other mutant, UV16, was defective in phycobilisome assembly: little phycocyanin was made and none was attached to the phycobilisome cores. The cores were completely free of any rod substructures and contained the major core peptides plus the 27,000 Mr linker peptide that attaches rods to the core. Micrographs of the core particles established their structural details. Phycoerythrin in UV 16 was assembled into rod structures that were not associated with core material or phycocyanin. The 30,500 Mr and 31,500 Mr linker peptides were present in the phycoerythrin rods with the 30,500 Mr protein as the major component. Phycobilisome assembly in vivo is discussed in light of this unusual mutant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 96-100 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Physiology ; Adaptation ; Growth ; Droop ; Monod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In many experimental ecological studies on phytoplankton species the growth response of an organism to the prevailing environmental conditions have been studied. Curves relating specific growth rate (μ) to the external nutrient concentration (S) have been constructed to compare nutrient-limited growth of different species under steady state conditions. Microorganisms adapt their physiology to a certain limitation in order to optimize growth. Therefore the shape of the μ/S curve is closely related to the way a micoorganism adapts its physiology. To see how physiological adaptation and growth rate are interconnected to each other, both can be related to the internal concentration of the growth-limiting nutrient. How the growth rate is related to the internal nutrient concentration is presented in a mathematical equation. Many phytoplankton species during growth under different nutrient limitations show a linear relationship between μ and the reciprocal value of the internal nutrient content (= Yield). This was originally observed by Droop. The model presented here gives a theoretical explanation of this phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Leaf distribution ; Mono-layer ; Multi-layer ; Understory tree species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The relationships between the amounts of foliage and heights of trees were studied for the dominant understory tree species, including three evergreen and three deciduous species, in a secondary forest of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. The relationships showed two phases: leaf increasing and stationary phases. In the leaf-increasing phase, the height growth allowed these species to expand the canopy by increasing the number of leaves. In the stationary phase, the number of leaves was relatively constant number irrespective of tree height from 160 to 400 cm. The number of leaves in the stationary phase represents the maximum number of leaves that can be supported by trees under shady conditions. From the analyses of vertical distributions of leaves in six species, mono- and multi-layer foliage distributions were detected. Two evergreen species, Eurya japonica and Cleyera japonica, showed multi-layer foliage distributions, whereas three deciduous species, Lyonia ovalifolia, Rhododendron reticulatum and Vaccinium hirtum, and one evergreen species, Pieris japonica, showed mono-layer foliage distributions. The relationships between the weights of non-photosynthetic and photosynthetic organs of the six species were examined. The proportion of non-photosynthetic organs increased with tree height. The understory species attained the stationary phase and were maintained by minimizing their investment in non-photosynthetic organs, i.e. their height growth was arrested by the shady conditions under the crown trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 310-316 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Stability variance ; Genotype x environment interaction ; Adaptation ; Saccharum ; Sugarcane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The stability-variance statistic, ĝs i 2 , measures the contribution of the ith genotype to genotype x environment interaction. In addition to the knowledge of cultivar stability for an agronomic trait, information on whether stability of one trait can be used to predict stability of another should be useful to breeders. Three separate groups of data, respectively involving CP 79 series, CP 80 series, and CP 81 series experimental clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) were used in this study. Rank-correlation coefficients (rs) between ranks of genotypes for ĝs i 2 's for paired traits indicated in both plant-cane and ratoon crops that stability of tons per hectare of sugar can be predicted from the stability of tons per hectare of cane (THC) and also, to a lesser extent, from the stability of stalk number. The stability of THC also can be reasonably well predicted from the stability of stalk number. Brix stability may give some indication of the stabilities for percentage sucrose and sugar concentration (SC). The ĝs i 2 's for percentage sucrose and SC were almost identical in the CP 79 and CP 81 series (rs varied from 0.93, P〈0.01, in plant-cane crop for CP 79 series to 0.98, P〈0.01, in plant-cane crop for CP 81 series). Whether correlations were based on ĝs i 2 's estimated across locations within crops or across crops, the magnitude of rs was about the same. Means of various traits were not correlated with their respective ĝs i 2 's (for CP 81 series), indicating that identification and selection of high-yielding sugarcane genotypes with a relatively high degree of stability of performance across test environments should be possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 133-136 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Stability ; Adaptation ; Fitness trait ; Bunch yield ; Oil palm ; Elaeis guineensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary There were significant differences between hybrids for number of bunches (NB), mean bunch weight (MBW) and fresh fruit bunch yield (FFB). For the hybrid population as a whole, significant hybrid X year (environment) effects were also observed for the two yield components and for yield per se. The linear component of the hybrid X year effect was also significant. There were highly significant and positive correlations between FFB, NB and MBW hybrid means and the regression co-efficients of the hybrid means on the environmental index. There were no significant associations between these means and mean square deviations from regression (s2d) for these traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 93-99 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lactation ; Milk yield ; Herd production ; Adaptation ; Dairy cattle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eighty thousand, one hundred and eleven records of the Israeli dairy herdbook for the period of 1973–1977 were studied and examined to determine the existence of Genotype x Environment Interaction (GxE) as affecting milk yield in kg per day between calvings. Various quantitative measures of environment were used while the genotypes were evaluated as the average performance of each sire's daughters in a whole range of environments. When the environment was evaluated as level of production, the relative importance of the interaction was found to be very low. Furthermore, the linear dependence on the interaction of the individual sires with the environments was found to be inconsistent with time, meaning that no justification was found for using specific adaptation patterns of genotypes to these environments. When lactation number and given time periods were used as environments, significant interactions were found between genotypes and environments. Results of the analyses of Genotype x Lactation interaction imply that the interaction values, to a certain degree, confused the differences between the sires when based on first lactation records. We therefore conclude that the need exists to expand the basis of sire evaluation, including the addition of data on successive lactation periods beyond the first one. We maintain that the genetic characteristic for this phenomenon is the “lactations development” of a sire, i.e., the performance of its daughters during the different lactations. The “maturing rhythm” of a sire may be regarded as a dynamic expression of the genetic makeup controlling lactation development. Furthermore, the prospect of selecting sires of bulls for early or late maturing could provide a new tool for the dairy cattle breeder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 60 (1981), S. 145-149 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticale ; Rye ; Hexaploids ; Adaptation ; Chromosomal substitutions ; Modified chromosomes ; Telomeric heterochromatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Investigations were made on the rye chromosome constitution and on the presence of telomeric heterochromatin in rye chromosomes of the 26 most widely and 24 most narrowly adapted triticale strains. Among widely adapted lines, 22 (85%) had a complete rye genome and four triticales only had chromosomal R-D genome substitutions. Twenty-three (96%) of the 24 most narrowly adapted triticales had substitutions between the chromosomes of the R and D genomes. The most widely adapted triticales accumulated fewer modified rye chromosomes in comparison to narrowly adapted lines. They had from one to three rye chromosomes with heterochromatic deletions: 46% of widely adapted lines had two modified rye chromosomes; 34% had three modified rye chromosomes, and 19% had a single modified rye chromosome. In widely adapted strains, the 1R, 4R, 5R and 6R modified chromosomes were observed; they were present in 80%, 73%, 50% and 11% of the cases, respectively. The most narrowly adapted triticales had from two to four modified rye chromosomes: 58% of the strains had three modified rye chromosomes; 29% had four modified rye chromosomes and 12% had two modified rye chromosomes. The modified 4R and 5R chromosomes were present in all of these lines. The 1R (modified), 6R (modified) and 7R (modified) were found in 83%, 25% and 16%, respectively, of the narrowly adapted strains. Results support the previous observations (Pilch 1980b) that a wide adaptation of hexaploid triticales is associated with the presence of the full potential of rye genome, and that it is independent of the amount of telomeric heterochromatin possessed by rye chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes ; Adaptation ; Hyperoxia ; Oxygen toxicity ; Mitochondria ; Peroxisomes ; Cell culture ; Chinese hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To study the cellular defense mechanism against oxygen toxicity, an oxygen-tolerant cell line from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) was obtained by multistep adaptation to increased O2 levels. The hyperoxia-adapted (HA) cells were able to proliferate under an atmosphere of 99% O2/1% CO2, an O2 tension lethal to the parental (control) cells. When grown under normoxic conditions (20% O2/1% CO2/79% N2) the cells remained tolerant for at least 8 weeks, suggesting a genetic basis for the oxygen tolerance. Compared to the parental cells, the HA cells were irregularly shaped, had larger mitochondria, contained more lipid droplets and showed a reduced growth rate. Ultrastructural morphometry revealed a 1.8-fold (p〈0.001) increase of the mitochondrial volume fraction in the HA cells, resulting from an increase in both number and average volume of the mitochondria. The volume fraction of peroxisomes was increased over two-fold in the HA cells, as appeared from a ∼1.9-fold (p〈 0.001) increase in number and a 1.2-fold (p〈0.025) increase in size. There was no evidence for ultrastructural damage in the HA cells. Specific activities of antioxygenic enzymes were considerably higher in the HA cells compared to controls: CuZn-superoxide dismutase, x 2.5; Mn-superoxide dismutase, x 2.1; catalase, x 4.0; glutathione peroxidase, x 1.9. Oxygen tolerance in CHO cells is therefore associated with increased levels of antioxygenic enzymes, confirming the proposed important role of these enzymes in the defense against oxygen toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 35-47 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cruciferae ; Capsella bursa-pastoris ; Adaptation ; germination behaviour in natural populations ; seed dormancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germination behaviour of variousCapsella bursa-pastoris populations collected from Scandinavia, Middle Europe and the Alps, was tested in unheated, non-illuminated greenhouses (46 populations) and in growth chambers using 5–7 alternating temperature regimes (16 populations). For all populations, the influence of temperature on germination rate is straightforward: the higher the temperature, the greater the germination. Germination capacity, however, may depend on the geographical region. There is also a strong seed age effect on both, rate and capacity of germination. Once dormancy was broken, seeds from all populations were able to germinate over the entire range of temperatures. Some populations revealed a more or less pronounced temperature optimum for germination capacity, others germinated equally well over the entire temperature range. This indicates genetic heterogeneity between populations. However, no correlation between germinability and any environmental pattern was detected. The data indicate thatCapsella bursa-pastoris has adopted a germination strategy which includes a broad temperature tolerance. Germination of wildCapsella plants seems to be regulated by the factors contributing to the inception and breaking of dormancy which depend on pre- and postharvest conditions. Adaptation in germination behaviour inCapsella bursa-pastoris is different from that in other life history traits (flowering behaviour, growth form parameters).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 152 (1986), S. 277-296 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cruciferae ; Capsella bursa-pastoris ; Adaptation ; inception of flowering in natural populations ; phenotypic and genotypic variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed samples were collected from wild populations ofCapsella bursa-pastoris along a transsect from Northern to Southern Europe. Progeny was grown in (a) open-field random block experiments (47 populations) and (b) in growth chambers under five to seven controlled temperature regimes (18 populations). Beginning of flowering was recorded, and great differences between and also within populations are documented. Some populations are extremely heterogenous whereas others are homogenous in this respect. Some biotypes react positively when exposed to lower temperatures, others are inhibited. In many cases specific effects of day- and/or night-temperatures can be inferred. In some progenies begin of flowering is independent of temperature as long as this exceeds the 5:10°C regimen. Altogether,Capsella bursa-pastoris displays definite intraspecific variation in time required until flowering. Adaptations to local ecological conditions are obvious. In addition to a genotypic component pronounced environmental interactions provide the plants with a component of phenotypic plasticity. The degree of modificability apparently varies itself and seems to be controlled by selection; the phenotypic plasticity, therefore, displays adaptive variation patterns, too.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 153 (1986), S. 265-279 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cruciferae (= Brassicaceae) ; Capsella bursapastoris ; C. rubella ; C. grandiflora ; Adaptation ; growth form parameters ; phenotypic and genotypic variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth form parameters ofCapsella bursa-pastoris populations, including a wide range of different environments, have been analyzed from random block field and growth chamber experiments. Changes in one character are often correlated with changes in another. Of special interest are correlations detected with the onset of first flowering. Variation in each of the characters is clearly influenced by both phenotypic and genotypic components. However, genotype — environment interactions are also subject to variation. Therefore, the adaptive significance of a given parameter is not found to be constant over the entire geographical range of the genus. Alpine populations tend to shift from annual to biannual life cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Nickel ; Endocytosis ; Motility ; Proliferation ; Cellular nickel content ; Adaptation ; Tetrahymena pyriformis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary At concentrations above 1 mM, nickel has a dose-dependent effect on the rate of food vacuole formation in cells in the growth medium, proteose peptone (PP); total inhibition of endocytosis occurs within 10 minutes in 6mM nickel. However, only a 10 times lower concentration of nickel is tolerated by starved cells in an inorganic salt medium, a difference which may be ascribed to the high binding property of nickel to organic material. In the PP medium, nickel affects cell motility by increasing the rate of movement at a concentration of 1 mM, and by causing immobilization after 30 minutes in 6mM nickel; a spontaneous, partial recovery of cell motility is seen after 3 hours in 6 mM nickel. The effects of nickel on endocytosis and cell motility are reversible after removal of nickel. Cell proliferation continues at a reduced rate in 1 mM nickel, while only 1 1/2 cell doublings are achieved in 3 mM nickel during a 72-hour exposure, and no proliferation occurs in 6mM nickel, where an increasing cell mortality is observed after 12 hours. The cell content of nickel relates initially to the external concentration of the metal; however, cells in 1 mM nickel are capable of maintaining a constant content of the metal, whereas in 3 mM, the rate of accumulation is reduced after 3 hours, and cells in 6mM nickel accumulate the metal at a constant rate. All nickel-treated cells contain small refractive granules, previously proposed as representing an ion-regulating system, and the apparent adaption ofTetrahymena to the effects of nickel may be ascribed to such a regulation of the intracellular concentration of the metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Light intensity ; Ligustrum ; Plastids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The capacity of adaptation and the range of adjustment to different light conditions in fully expanded mutant leaves were studied on an aurea variety of privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. var.aureum). Whenever the light conditions are altered leaves respond immediately. Although adaptational changes in leaf thickness are not possible, the change in colour, as well as changes in pigment concentrations take place within several days. With increasing light intensity there is a marked decline in chlorophyll concentration and the carotenoid yield becomes much higher. Under low light conditions the chlorophyll content is high, while the carotenoid concentration drops significantly. The mutant chloroplasts from green leaves always have a well developed thylakoid system. The only difference between young green leaves (DG1) and older regreened ones (DG2) is in the number of thylakoids per granum (grana in older leaves consist of more thylakoids), while the stacking degree of thylakoids remains about the same (74 and 77% respectively). Depending on the previous light conditions fine structure of plastids in yellow leaves differs considerably. Young yellow leaves (Y0) contain plastids with longitudinal arrays of dilated thylakoids and prothylakoid bodies occasionally. Plastids from primarily green leaves which turned yellow afterwards in strong sunlight (Y1) are characterized by thylakoids densely packed into cup-shaped stacks, or large vesicles originating from dilated thylakoids. The stacking degree of thylakoids in sun exposed yellow leaves (determined only in Y0 leaves) is extremely low and reaches only 29%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Ammophila ; Genetic differentiation and phenotypic flexibility ; Perennial ; Puccinellia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Perennial species invading the early stages of primary successions face constant, and often rapid, change in their biotic and abiotic environment. The relative abilities of different species to adapt to this change is reflected in the zonation patterns which characterize coastal vegetation. Variation in those species with wide ecological amplitudes, particularly in populations near the boundary of the realized niche, is likely to be particularly revealing. The pattern of heritable variation in Puccinellia maritima on salt marshes indicates directional selection for traits increasing plant vigour and ‘competitive ability’; presumably the effect of increasing plant density. Adaptation is by both genetic differentiation and phenotypic flexibility, the former being evident in adjacent grazed and ungrazed marshes and the latter in a mosaic of tall and short vegetation types. By contrast variation in Ammophila arenaria on dunes exhibits high levels of phenotypic flexibility, growth in a range of environments indicating that plants from fore-dune populations are higher ‘responders’ than those from mature dunes. Among the implications of these results, and by comparison with other species, is the fact that, ironically, niche expansion for some salt marsh perennials may require the evolution of an annual strategy, and that a Darwinian selection model may help to explain variation in Ammophila's apparent vigour in dunes of different age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 43 (1980), S. 83-86 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Colonization ; Environmental stochasticity ; Phenology ; Weather variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plant species co-inhabiting a given geographical region often have distinetly different times of flowering. It is shown that such phenological spread, duc to short-term stochastic variation in weather variables, relaxes competition for empty sites to be colonized by diaspores. For sufficiently large spreads stable coexistence becomes possible. The applicability of the proposed hypothesis to the observed instances of phenological spread is discussed and shown to extend beyond that of other current theories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 68 (1986), S. 19-31 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Canary Islands ; Convergence ; Desert ; Morphology ; Multivariate analysis ; Vegetation structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative data on the morphology of leaves and canopy in a high elevation desert stand on Tenerife have been analyzed by multivariate methods. The results show a trend in morphological variation that is related to plant height. An interpretation of this trend in terms of the adaptive values of different character combinations suggests that this could be related to a vertical microclimatic gradient. Three main groups of species have been identified, which have evolved different adaptive strategies to different niches within a single stand. The functional values of the character combinations of each species group are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Primates 26 (1985), S. 73-84 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Toothcomb ; Lemuriforms ; Adapids ; Grooming ; Phylogeny ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Debate over the original adaptive significance of the lemuriform toothcomb, whether it was principally a grooming organ or a scraper-feeding tool, currently hinges upon the functional morphology of the lower incisors and canines of lemurs and lorises, and the fossil adapids thought to be their ancestors or structural prototypes. We suggest that the morphology of the upper incisors and the oronasal complex of the latter, given the context of a more general theory of incisor evolution within the primates, exhibits preadaptive conditions foreshadowing the emergence of the toothcomb and also evidence of strepsirhine monophyly. We find in all underived lemuriforms and in most fossil adapids where the elements are known, a striking continuity in upper incisor form, including such derived features as an interincisal diastema, strong central incisor prong, low-crowned morphology and reduced premaxillary size. The pattern suggests a basic strepsirhine reduction in the functional significance of the anterior dentition in feeding and harvesting roles. These features may be related to a novel connection of the rhinarium with the vomeronasal organ via a sulcate pair of labial folds, which serves as a component of a specialized behavioral-physiological complex dealing with olfactory communication. Rather than being the anatomical nucleus of this system, the toothcomb may have been added secondarily in the lemuriform descendants of the preadapted adapids, possibly as a device to stimulate glandular secretion of pheromones by direct pressure, and to simultaneously distribute odorants through the fur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 143 (1983), S. 257-275 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Aegilops ; Triticum ; T. diccocoides ; wheat ; Adaptation ; trait variation ; factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eighteen earliness and morphological traits were examined in from 2 to 14 lines each of 10 diploid members of the wheat complex,Triticum-Aegilops, and 15 lines of the tetraploid speciesTriticum diccocoides. In general, earliness traits have the greatest relative between line vs. within line variation of all the traits examined. Within species, earliness traits are the principle set of characters around which evolve between line trait differences, one of the most important oich is leaf dimensions. At the genus level, earliness traits are independent of leaf dimensions and plant height characters. Thus, the pattern of evolution at the genus level is different from that exhibited in each of the species. Biological and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 43-52 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Allelopathy ; Ecophysiology ; Grassland ; Plantago ; Nitrate production ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrate uptake ; Nitrification ; Nitrifying bacteria ; Rhizosphere ; Root environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The production of nitrate in an old established dune grassland soil and its uptake by plants was studied by comparing amounts of mineral nitrogen and numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere on the one hand, and on the other accumulated nitrate and levels of nitrate reductase (NaR) of individual plants of three Plantago species,i. e., P. major, P. lanceolata andP. coronopus. For these three Plantago species andP. media basal levels of NaR in the absence of nitrate were determined in plants grown in culture solutions. The basal NaR levels ofP. major andP. media (species occurring on nutrient-rich soils) were significantly higher than those ofP. lanceolata andP. coronopus (species found on nutrient-poor soils). NaR activity increased in the presence of nitrate and was suppressed by ammonium. From the numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere and NaR activity in the leaves it was concluded that nitrate was produced in the root environments of the three Plantago species and that the compound was taken up by the plants. NaR activities and numbers of nitrifying bacteria were higher for individuals ofP. major than for those ofP. lanceolata andP. coronopus. No correlation was found between the ammonium levels and the numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the soil, and no indications of inhibition of nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere were obtained. For individuals ofP. lanceolata a correlation was found between the numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the soil and NaR activity in the leaves. The results are discussed in relation to the ecological habitats of the three species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Luzerne ; Mutant ; Rhizobium meliloti ; Terres acides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Resume Un mutant acido-tolérant deR. meliloti a été isolé. Le caractère de résistance en milieu acide n'a pas été obtenu par adaptation sur des milieux de plus en plus acides mais par mutagenèses successives provoquées par la N-méthyl-N'nitroso-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) et sélection sur milieu acide de façon à rendre stable le caractère acido-tolérant. Ce mutant acide présente la propriété de se développer plus lentement que la souche sauvage sur milieu pauvre. Ceci ne l'empêche pas de présenter sensiblement la même efficience que cette dernière à pH voisin de la neutralité en milieu synthétique. L'étude comparative de l'efficience de la souche parentale et de la souche mutée sur la luzerne cultivée en terre acide est rendue difficile du fait de la présence de nitrates qui réduit la nodulation et inhibe l'action de la nitrogénase: par épuisement, en effectuant une culture dense de luzerne sur cette terre, il est possible de mettre en évidence ensuite l'activité symbiotique importante à pH 5,9 du mutant par rapport à la souche sauvage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adventitious roots ; Ethylene ; Flooding ; Fraxinus pennsylvanica ; Lenticels ; Turgidity ; Water potential ; Water relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. seedlings that were 150 days old adapted well to flooding of soil with stagnant water for 28 days. Early stomatal closure, followed by reopening as well as hypertrophy of lenticels and formation of adventitious roots on submerged portions of stems appeared to be important adaptations for flood tolerance. Leaf water potential (ψ1) was consistently higher in flooded than in unflooded seedlings, indicating higher leaf turgidity in the former. This was the result of (1) early reduction in transpiration associated with stomatal closure, and (2) subsequently increased absorption of water by the newly-formed adventitious roots as stomata reopened and transpiration increased. Waterlogging of soil was followed by large increases in ethylene content of stems, both below and above the level of submersion. Formation of hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious roots on flooded plants was correlated with increased ethylene production. However, the involvement of various compounds other than ethylene in inducing morphological changes in flooded plants is also emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 243-255 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adventitious roots ; Ethylene ; Flooding ; Growth of seedlings ; Lenticels ; Platanus occidentalis ; Stomatal aperture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Flooding ofPlatanus occidentalis L. seedlings for up to 40 days induced several changes including early stomatal closure, greatly accelerated ethylene production by stems, formation of hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious roots on submerged portions of stems, and marked growth inhibition. Poor adaptation ofPlatanus occidentalis seedlings to soil inundation was shown in stomatal closure during the entire flooding period, inhibition of root elongation and branching, and death of roots. Some adaptation to flooding was indicated by (1) production of hypertrophied lenticels which may assist in exchange of dissolved gases in flood water and in release of toxic compounds, and (2) production of adventitious roots on stems which may increase absorption of water. These adaptations appeared to be associated with greatly stimulated ethylene production in stems of flooded plants. The greater reduction of root growth over shoot growth in flooded seedlings will result in decreased drought tolerance after the flood waters recede. The generally low tolerance to flooding of seedlings of species that are widely rated as highly flood tolerant is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Dam ; Enzymes ; Electrophoresis ; Evolution ; Genetics ; Physiology ; Regulated streams ; Thermal maximum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Critical thermal maxima (CTM) and genetic variation were compared for red shiners, Notropis lutrensis, from regulated and unregulated sites on the Brazos River in northcentral Texas. Tailwater fish acclimated to 25°C had significantly lower CTM's than those from a site upstream from the dam and unregulated downstream sites. Significantly different intrasite variances were observed, with two- and four-fold larger CTM variances in fish from within 1 km and 30 km of the dam. Genetic variation was determined from electrophoretic comparisons at 21 structural gene loci. Mean heterozygosity was greatest at regulated sites. Tests for locus heterogeneity at five variable loci indicated that regulated and unregulated populations are not homogeneous. Fish under regulation were genetically more similar to each other than they were to those not affected by regulation. The proportions of the gene variance attributable to habitat alteration were partitioned, and fully one-third of the gene variation was attributed to stream regulation. Patterns of variation in thermal tolerance and metabolic enzymes in the red shiner correlated closely with temperature regimes associated with hypolimnion release from the dam. These adaptive responses have occurred in less than 40 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 22 (1988), S. 241-247 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Natural selection ; Survival ; Microevolution ; Macroevolution ; Darwin ; Lamarck ; Exaptation ; Aptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 90 (1986), S. 73-92 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; N2-fixing bacteria ; Plant residues ; Populations ; Rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Physiology and genetics of non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria have made much progress in recent years, especially in the case of a few reference strains. Nevertheless, understanding the ecology of diazotrophs cannot be achieved by studying only laboratory microorganisms. It is necessary to study naturally-occurring populations, to characterize their densities, size, composition, variability and variations in order to understand how a plant can select a rhizosphere population from a soil population. Very few comparisons of phenotypic diversity and dominant phenotypes in these two habitats have been made up to now. More studies of this type would allow a better knowledge of the selective pressures which actually drive the shift of population and they would permit investigation of the underlying mechanisms. These can vary from mere metabolic adaptation to selection of pre-adapted genotypes. A third mechanism is possible in which ‘pre-adapted’ genes are maintained in soil populations at very low frequencies and energy costs, and whose transfer is triggered by the selective factor to which they constitute an adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Carbon balance ; Carbon dioxide ; Environmental stress ; Heat stress ; Maintenance respiration ; Nitrogen fixation ; Salinity stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The fitter of two species that use different strategies to overcome the same stress may be the one that expends the least resources to cope with this stress. However, this concept has proven difficult to quantify. It is proposed here that the increase in maintenance respiration in response to stress factors such as high temperature, salinity or a high-oxygen atmosphere (one indirect effect of which is nitrogen deficiency) may provide a measure of the cost of adaptation, in terms of expenditure of assimilated carbon. A corrolary to this is that, where it can be shown that an adaptive strategy results in the expenditure of assimilates, adaptation may be enhanced by increasing carbon assimilation. Results are presented supporting the hypothesis and its corrolary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 5 (1980), S. 191-224 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Benzidine stain ; Catostomid ; Discontinuity theory ; Ecomorphology ; Embryology ; Fish ; Haemoglobin stain ; Hatching ; Peroxidase ; Thresholds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Frequent and detailed observations of arbitrary stages revealed a saltatory pattern of development in the early ontogeny of fluvial spawning white sucker. Considered as adaptations for respiration were: i) expansion of the surface area of the yolk through a change in yolk shape, ii) the presence of carotenoid pigment in the yolk, iii) a large caudal vein sinus, iv) coverage of the yolk surface with capillaries of bilaterally paired vitelline plexi, and v) a large pair of vitelline veins. The ability to swim developed slowly and well after hatching. Young suckers would therefore spend most of the eleutheroembryonic phase in the interstices of the rock substrate of the spawning ground. The change from a benthic to pelagic mode of existence occurred with swimbladder inflation and before the start of exogenous feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1987), S. 189-192 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A morphological study was made to examine the friction and wear mechanisms of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene in air and water by means of transmission electron microscopy of a carbon replica film of a very thin layer of the polymer surface slid against a steel ball. Electron diffractions revealed that a molecular orientation with a typical fiber pattern was formed in the friction in air, while thin ribbon-like crystals with particular crystal orientations were formed in water in a way that the sliding took place on the crystallographic a - c plane, giving rise to a low friction coefficient of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1987), S. 137-150 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde der relative Wirkungsgrad von fünf handelsüblichen Stabilisatoren bei Photooxidation und thermischer Alterung von Polypropylen (PP) anhand der Änderungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Es wurden Polypropylenproben mit unterschiedlichem Anteil an Cyasorb UV-531 hergestellt (bezeichnet als PC0.5-31, PC1-31, PC1.5-31 und PC2-31). Der Einfluß der Photooxidation auf das thermische Verhalten ist mit Hilfe der Differentialscanningkalorimetrie und durch thermogravimetrische Analysen untersucht worden. 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenon (2 Gew.-%) war am wirksamsten, Polypropylen, gegen Verfärbung und Brüchigkeit zu stabilisieren. Bei einer Probe mit 1% Stabilisatorzusatz fanden sich nach 32 h Bestrahlung noch 81% des ursprünglichen Wertes der Streckgrenze gegenüber 18% bei unstabilisiertem PP.
    Notes: The relative effectiveness of five commercially available stabilizers on the photooxidation and thermal ageing of polypropylene (PP) was investigated by following changes in mechanical properties. Samples of PP containing different percentages of Cyasorb UV-531 were prepared (designated as PC0.5-31, PC1-31, PC1.5-31, and PC2-31, respectively). The effect of photooxidation on thermal behaviour was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone (2% w/w) was most effective in stabilizing PP towards discolouration and brittleness. After 32 h irradiation, 81% retention in yield strength was observed in case of PC1-31 against 18% in case of PP.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effects of the nature of the polyols used in polyurethane (PUR) synthesis on the structural transformations after ageing by UV irradiation has been studied. The investigations were performed on PUR prepared from polyester and polyether diol oligomers.The characterization of the samples before and after ageing in view of the structural changes, which influence the course of the photooxidative degradation and photocrosslinking as well as in view of changes of mechanical properties has been done. Comparative investigations were performed by spectroscopic and viscometric measurements.The results show pronounced heterogeneity of the degradative reactions, including the existence of crosslinking processes and producing thus very inhomogeneous polymeric material. The course and the intensity of photooxidative degradation of PUR differ together with changes of mechanical properties depending whether polyester or polyether polyol have been used. The processes of photooxidative degradation is less expressed in polyesterurethane then in polyurethane based on polyether, under the same conditions of experiments. Different structures of polyester diols caused the various ageing behaviour of PUR too.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: QUALIFICATION OF HALS COMPOUNDSA complex method of examination has been developed suitable for the qualification of light stabilizers; by this method, according to experience, the efficacy of HALS compounds can be extensively and expediently characterized.Several light stabilizers of the HALS-type were examined and qualified, used alone or together with a UV-absorber.It has been found that, when selecting the appropriate structure for a given polymer, the weatherability of polyolefine foils is effectively increase to six-eightfold; the increase is even tenfold when the stabilizer is combined with a benzophenone-type compound.As a utilization of these experiences, a contract with the industry, led to the production of an LDPE based agricultural foil with a life-time of several years.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Natural hail impact tests are scarcely available because hailstorms are limited to a small area and cannot be predicted regarding time, place and intensity. Therefore we relied on laboratory tests simulating natural hailstones by polyamide balls (5-50 mm dia.) whose final velocity could be varied according to meteorological data. So the influence of diameter (weight) and velocity of the artificial hailstones could be taken into consideration independently.The energy of damage or equivalent natural hailstone diameter were determined for 16 mm double skin sheet from PMMA as 0.2 J (14 mm dia.) for star shaped cracks and 2 J (26 mm dia.) for holes. These values do not significantly decrease after 10 years weathering. 10 mm double skin sheets from PC show an extremly high energy of damage of abt. 10 J (38 mm dia.) which decreases to a medium level of 2 J (26 mm dia.) after several years weathering. This decrease is remarkably reduced by weather resistant protective coating.As hailstorms consist to more than 80% of hailstones below 10 mm dia. (0.04 J) the mentioned sheet materials are quite hail resistant also after long weathering periods, but they cannot withstand an extreme hail catastrophe as in Munich July 12, 1984.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of the specimen temperature on many ageing processes is well known. Two aspects is dealt with: -Measurements of the specimen temperature on several positions of a specimen in commercial weathering devices at different exposure conditions. Technical measures to achieve to uniform ageing at all positions of a planar and homogeneous specimen. Examples from practical use.-Changing specimen temperatures (+60°C to -20°C) during the course of accelerated weathering, i.e. a combination of conventional accelerated weathering with a temperature cycle test.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Folien (Dicke 100 pm) aus isotaktischem Polypropylen mit verschiedenen Antioxidansgehalten (0,0% bis 0,1%) wird die thermooxidative Alterunq mit der isothermen Langzeit-Differential-Thermo-Analyse (ILDTA) bis zu Temperaturen weit unter dem Kristallitschmelzbereich verfolqt und die Messwerte mit Ergebnissen aus dem Zeitstand-Zugversuch korreliert. Dabei zeigt sich, daß aus Messunqen mit der ILDTA bereits vor Einsetzen der autokatalytischen Zersetzunq sreaktion Ruckschlüsse auf die thermische Vorqeschichte der Proben und Aussagen auf das rnit einem Abfall der mechanischen Eigenschaften verbundene Ende der thermo-oxidativen Stabilität des Polymeren getroffen werden können.Weiters bietet die ILDTA die Moglichkeit, durch den direkten Zusamenhang zwischen Oxidationszeit und Antioxidansögehalt die örtliche Stabilisatorverteilung in Platten und in Folien zu bestimmen und damit Diffusionsvorqange zu verfolgen.
    Notes: Thermo-oxidative ageing processes were investigated in films (100 μm thick) made from isotactic polypropylene with different antioxidant concentrations between 0% and 0.1% using isothermal long-term differential thermal analysis (ILDTA). The end of the oven life of polypropylene coincided with the loss of mechanical properties which was confirmed by tensile tests at temperatures far below the crystallite melting range. Already prior to the beginning of autocatalytic decomposition, ILDTA experiments permits conclusions to be drawn on the thermal history of the specimens and statements made regarding the end of thermo-oxidative stability of the polymer, which is accompanied by a deterioration in the mechanical properties.In consequence of the correlation between oxidation time and antioxidant concentration the local antioxidant concentration in sheets or films can be measured by ILDTA. Thus, investigating the diffusion of an antioxidant in polypropylene using ILDTA is possible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Größenverteilungsfunktion von Dispersionen mit extrem breiter Verteilung (Durchmesserbereich 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) kann in der analytischen Ultrazentrifuge (AUC) nicht durch eine Standardmethode, z. B. durch Messung der Trübung τ bei einer einzigen Konzentration, bestimmt werden, weil sich die spezifische Trübung τ/c von sehr kleinen und sehr großen Teilchen zu stark unterscheidet. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, haben wir eine neue AUC-Technik, die sogenannte Coupling-PSD-Technik entwickelt. Dabei werden zwei unterschiedliche Konzentrationen derselben Dispersion gleichzeitig in einem einzigen AUC-Lauf vermessen und zwei korrespondierende Lichtintensitiit-Zeit-Kurven aufgezeichnet. Bei einer niedrigen Standardkonzentration cs werden hauptsachlich die größeren Teilchen erfaßt während bei einer 5 bis 30 mal heheren Konzentration ch vor allem die kleineren Teilchen registriert werden. Die beiden I(t)-Kurven werden mathematisch verkniipft und unter Verwendung des Stokeschen Gesetzes und der Streutheorie von Mie für homogene isotrope Kugeln in die gesuchte breite Verteilungsfunktion umgerechnet. Wir benutzen eine mit einem 8-Zellen-Rotor und einem Multiplexer ausgestattete AUC. Da sehr groBe und sehr kleine Teilchen gleichzeitig in einem einzigen Zentrifugenlauf bestimmt werden, kennen wir nicht mehr wie zuvor eine konstante Rotorgeschwindigkeit N anwenden, sondern miissen diese mit Hilfe eines Geschwindigkeitsprogramms N(t) innerhalb einer Stunde von 0 auf 40000 U/min erhehen.
    Notes: The particle size distribution (PSD) of extremely broad distributed dispersions (diameter range 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) is not possible to be measured by analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC) using the standard technique, i.e. measuring turbidity τ at a single concentration c, because the specific turbidity τ/c varies too much between very small and very large particles. To solve this problem we have developed a new AUC technique, the so-called Coupling-PSD-Technique. Here two different concentrations of the same dispersion are measured simultaneously by one single AUC run with two corresponding curves of light intensity I vs. time t being registered. At a low standard concentration cs, mainly the larger particles are detected, while at a concentration ch 5 to 30 times higher mainly the smaller particles are registered. Both I(t)-curves are coupled mathematically and transformed into the requested broad distribution curve employing Stokes' law and Mie's light scattering theory for homogeneous isotropic spheres.We use an AUC together with an 8-cells-rotor and a multiplexer. Because very large and very small particles are to be measured simultaneously in one single run, we can no more apply a constant rotor speed N as before, but by means of a time program N(t) we always have to increase the rotor speed from 0 to 40000 rpm within one hour.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 135-148 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die chemische Modifizierung von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) durch ein Amin verleiht dem Polymeren höhere Reaktivität gegenüber der Pfropfcopolymerisation mit einem Vinylmonomeren. Die Pfropfcopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat auf mit n-Butylamin modifiziertes PVC wurde thermisch mit Benzoylperoxid (Bz2O2) als Initiator oder photoaktiviert mit Benzophenon (BP) als Photosensibilisator gestartet. Das aus bestimmten Experimenten erhaltene rohe Polymerprodukt wurde durch fraktionierte Fällung in die verschiedenen Bestandteile wie Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA, Homopolymeres), PVC-g-PMMA (Pfropfcopolymeres) und unverändertes (aminiertes) PVC aufgespalten. Die getrennten Fraktionen wurden mit Hilfe der IR-Spektroskopie und der Thermogravimetrie charakterisiert. Der Mechanismus der Pfropfcopolymerisation von den beiden verschiedenen Systemen wurde erörtert. In beiden Fällen wurden Pfropfausbeuten um 30 - 70%* und Pfropfcopolymerzusammensetzungen, PMMA/PVC (w/w) zwischen 2 und 3 erhalten.
    Notes: Chemical modification of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, by an amine renders the polymer more reactive towards graft copolymerization with a vinyl monomer. The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on PVC modified by treatment with n-butylamine (n-BA) was started thermally at 30° using benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2) as initiator and under photoactivation at 40° using benzophenone (BP) as photo sensitizer. The gross polymer products from selected experiments were fractionally separated into the constituent polymeric entities viz., poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA (homopolymer), PVC-g-PMMA (graft copolymer), and unreacted (aminated) PVC following a method of fractional precipitation. The separated fractions were characterized by IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The mechanisms of graft copolymerization for the two different systems have been discussed. In each case, grafting efficiencies of the order of 30-70% and graft copolymers having compositions given as PMMA/PVC (w/w) equal to 2-3 were readily obtained.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe oberflächensulfonierter, makroporöser Styrol-Divinylbenzol-Copolymerer mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten an SO3H-Gruppen wurden hergestellt. Sowohl von diesen Copolymeren als auch vom nichtsulfonierten Copolymeren wurden Porenstruktur, Oberflächenhydrophilie und -polarität sowie das Sorptionsverhalten gegenüber einigen in Blut vorkommenden Substanzen bestimmt. Der Sorptionsgrad wird umso kleiner, je größer die Oberflächenpolarität ist. Die teilsulfonierten Polymeren könnten eine Anwendung in der Hämoperfusion finden.
    Notes: A series of surface sulphonated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene (S-DVB) copolymers containing various amounts of  - SO3H groups was obtained. Porous structure, surface hydrophilicity and polarity, and sorption properties of these copolymers as well as those of starting S-DVB resin towards some substances which are present in blood were determined. The sorption degree becomes the smaller the higher is the surface polarity. The partially sulphonated copolymers may find an application in hemoperfusion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß einer chemischen Behandlung von dünnen Filmen einer Composit-Membran aus sulfoniertem Polyphenylenoxid wurde untersucht. Über den Einfluß der Konzentration von wáßrigen Lösungen von Formaldehyd, Schwefelsäure, Salzsäure, Phosporsäure, Natriumhydroxid sowie der Behandlungsdauer auf die Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose der Composit-Membranen mit einer Ionenaus-tauschkapazität von 2,14 und 2,50 meq/g in verschiedenen Kombinationen wird ausführlich berichtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß unter den besten chemischen Behandlungsbedingungen eine Erhöhung der Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose der sulfonierten Polyphenylenoxid/Polysulfon-Composit-Membran erreicht wird.
    Notes: The effect of chemical treatment on the reverse osmosis (RO) separation characteristics of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) thin film composite membranes was investigated. The effects of the concentrations of aqueous solutions of formaldehyde, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, and treatment time on the RO separation characteristics of the composite membranes with ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.14 and 2.50 meq/g in various combinations are reported in detail. The results indicate some enhancement in RO separation characteristics of the SPPO/polysulfone (PS) composite membrane under the best conditions of the chemical treatment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei der Herstellung dünner Filme von sulfonierten Polyphenylenoxid/Polysulfon (SPPO/PS)-Composit-Membranen wurde untersucht, daß ein Zusatz von Nitromethan zu einer Lösung von sulfoniertem Polyphenylenoxidnatrium erhöhte Wirkung auf die Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose besitzt. Der Einfluß von gamma-Strahlung auf dünne Filme der Composit-Membran unter nassen und trockenen Bedingungen wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Um die maximal mögliche Verbesserung zu erreichen, wurden die Composit-Membranen einer kombinierten chemischen und Gammastrahlen-Behandlung unter nassen und trockenen Bedingungen unterworfen.Die experimentellen Ergebnisse dieser kombinierten Behandlung zeigen, dalß die SPPO/PS Composit-Membran dabei abgebaut wird.
    Notes: The enhancement effect of the addition of nitromethane into the coating solution of sulfonated sodium poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPONa) polymer for the synthesis of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide)/polysulfone (SPPO/PS) thin film composite membranes on reverse osmosis (RO) separation characteristic was studied. The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the SPPO/PS thin film composite membranes was also evaluated when the membrane samples were in the wet and dry conditions. The composite membranes were also subjected to a chemical treatment combined with gamma-ray irradiation in both wet and dry conditions in the hope of obtaining the maximum possible enhancement under each treatment. However, the experimental data of this combined treatment indicated the possibility of some degradation of the SPPO/PS composite membranes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mischungen aus Poly(styrol-co-butadien)/Polybutadien, Naturkautschuk/Poly-(ethylen-co-propylen-co-dien und Naturkautschuk/Poly(butadien-co-acrylnitril)) wurden nach drei unterschiedlichen Verfahren compoundiert und Härtungsverhalten sowie Zugfestigkeit und Bruchdehnung der Vulkanisate wurden verglichen.
    Notes: Compounding of styrene-butadiene copolymer/polybutadiene, natural rubber/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and natural rubber/butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer blends was done in three different ways and their curing behaviour and the tensile properties of the vulcanizates are compared.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methylmethacrylat (MMA) wurde mit Hilfe von Cerammoniumnitrat als Initiator auf Stärke gepfropft. Die Pfropfcopolymeren wurden durch selektive Lösungsextraktion in einem Soxhlet-Extraktor isoliert. Der Einfluß von Reaktionszeit, Initiatorkonzentration, Temperatur sowie der Monomer- und Särekonzentration auf die Pfropfausbeute wurde untersucht. Eine erste Studie der Kinetik dieser Pfropfcopolymerisationsreaktion zeigt, daß sie dem üblichen kinetischen Verhalten einer Radikalpolymerisation folgt.
    Notes: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted onto starch using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The graft copolymers were isolated by selective solvent extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. The effects of reaction time, initiator concentration, temperature, monomer, and acid concentrations on the graft yields were investigated. A preliminary kinetic study of the graft copolymerisation reactions shows that they follow the conventional kinetic behaviour of free radical polymerisation.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 47-61 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Verwendung von Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harz mit gepreßten Olivenkenen im Gewichtsverháltnis 20/80 wurden kleine zylindrische Formkörper durch Härtung hergestellt. Diese wurden pyrolysiert und einige Proben mit Wasserdampf aktiviert. Für diese Formkörper und für zwei kommerzielle Aktivkohlen für Laboratoriumsbzw. Industrie-Anwendungen wurden folgende Eigenschaften bestimmt: die spezifische Oberfláche, die Struktur, die Adsorptionseigenschaften sowie die Adsorptionskapazität. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die hergestellten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien durch Aktivierung höhere Werte für die untersuchten Eigenschaften ergeben als die nur pyrolysierten Proben und die zwei kommerziellen Aktivkohlen. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Adsorption des 4-Nitrophenols für alle untersuchten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien gemäß der Freundlich-Gleichung stattfindet. Die Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie zeigt, daß die hergestellten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien andere Porenarten aufweisen als die kommerziellen Aktivkohlen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden durch die molekularen Dimensionen der zur Adsorption verwendeten Substanzen und den Polarisationseffekt der Substituenten am Benzolring erklärt.
    Notes: Mixtures of phenol-formaldehyde-resin and pressed olive stones in a weight ratio of 20/80 were cured as small cylinders and then pyrolyzed. Some samples were also activated by steam. For these specimens and for two commercial activated carbons of laboratory or industrial uses the specific surface area, the structure, the adsorption properties, and the adsorption capacity were determined. The results indicate that the carbonaceous material produced by activation has greater values for the examined properties in comparison to the only pyrolyzed and the two commercial activated carbons, respectively. It was found that the Freundlich-equation is valid for the adsorption of 4-nitrophenol on all carbonaceous materials examined. The produced carbonaceous materials have different kinds of pores than the commercial activated carbons. The experimental results are explained with regard to the molecular dimensions of the adsorptive substances and the polarization effect of the substituents of the benzene ring.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 101-114 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Anwendung der nichtlinearen Programmiermethode basierend auf der mittleren harmonischen Näherung wurden aus den Kontaktwinkeldaten die freie Dispersions- und polare, freie Oberflächenenergie, γSVd und γSVp, sowie die kritische, freie Oberflächenenergie, γc, von Polymeren bestimmt. Die Komponenten der freien Oberflächenergie der zu untersuchenden Flüssigkeiten, γLVd und γLVp, die die Bedingungen für den maximalen Wechselwirkungsparameter, Φ, wiedergeben, wurden ebenfalls mit Hilfe dieser Methode bestimmt.
    Notes: The dispersion and polar surface free energy components, γSVd and γSVp, and the critical surface free energy, γc, of polymers were determined from contact angle data by the application of a nonlinear programming method using harmonic mean approximation.The surface free energy components of the probe liquids, γLVd and γLVp, which reflect the conditions of the maximized interaction parameter, Φ, were also simultaneously determined by this method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 153 (1987), S. 113-124 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Käufliche Weizenmehlstärke wurde unter Verwendung verschiedener Mengen Schwefelkohlenstoff und Acrylnitril xanthogeniert und cyanethyliert und dann zur Herstellung von modifizierten Stärke-Naturkautschuk-Masterbatches eingesetzt. Weiterhin wurden die Einflüsse untersucht, die die Gleichgewichte der Xanthogenierung und Cyanethylierung gegenseitig aufeinander ausüben. Die Ergebnisse werden auf der Basis definierter Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Xanthogenatgruppe und dem freien Acrylnitril erklärt. Hierbei führen sowohl sterische Faktoren als auch die höhere Elektrophilie des Acrylnitrils zum Zerfall der Xanthogenatgruppe. Daher kann die Cyanethylierung nur noch in einem geringeren Ausmaß erfolgen.
    Notes: Common wheat flour starch was subjected to xanthation followed by cyanoethylation at various levels of carbon disulfide and acrylonitrile to prepare modified starchnatural rubber masterbatches. Mutual influences of the extents of equilibrium xanthation and cyanoethylation on each other have been studied. The results have been explained on the basis of a definite interaction between xanthate group and free acrylonitrile in which both the steric factors and higher electrophilicity of acrylonitrile lead to the decomposition of xanthate groups and reduced the extent of cyanoethylation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus Polychloropren und Polyvinylchlorid wurden Blends in verschiedenen Zusammensetzungen hergestellt und ihre Eigenschaften bestimmt. Die Eigenschaften der Blends zeigen, daß sie Polychloropren in vielen Anwendungen ersetzen können.
    Notes: Blends of polychloroprene rubber and plasticized polyvinylchloride have been prepared in various compositions and their properties evaluated. The properties of the blends show that they can be used to replace polychloroprene in many applications.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The present paper describes a rheo-optical apparatus consisting of an elongational rheometer (with rotary clamps) and a device to measure birefringence. This equipment was designed to perform homogeneous deformations on polymer melts in the simple elongational mode. Elongational experiments were performed on polyisobutylene samples at room temperature using different strain rates (from \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \varepsilon$\end{document} 0.01 s-1 to 1 s-1). In typical experiments homogeneous elongations up to λ ≈ 200 and stresses up to 2 · 106 Pa were achieved. The stress, the birefringence, and the deformation were obtained by measuring the force, the sample thickness, the optical retardation (the frequency of the sampling was 20 Hz) and the width of the sample (the frequency of the sampling was 3 Hz). It was found that the stress-optical coefficient was constant. The homogeneity of the deformations was carefully controlled because inhomogeneities cause serious errors in the measurements of elongational viscosity and birefringence.
    Notes: Es wird über eine rheo-optische Apparatur zur Verstreckung von Polymerschmelzen mit rotierenden Klemmen berichtet, die mit einer Doppelbrechungs-Meßeinrichtung ausgerüstet ist. Mit dieser Einrichtung können einfache Dehnungen an Polymerschmelzen bis zu hohen Verstreckgraden unter homogenen Bedingungen durchgeführt werden. Während des Deformationsvorganges können die Spannung, die Doppelbrechung und die Probendicke mit einer Meßrate von 20 Hz, sowie die Probenbreite mit ca. 3 Hz erfaßt werden.Wir haben Messungen an Polyisobutylen bei Raumtemperatur mit verschiedenen Dehngeschwindigkeiten (0,01 s-1 〈 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \varepsilon$\end{document} 〈 1 s-1) bis zu einem Verstreckgrad von λ ≈ 200 durchgeführt. Dabei wurden Spannungen bis zu 2 · 106 Pa erhalten. Das spannungsoptische Gesetz war bei homogener Versuchsführung stets erfüllt. Es wird gezeigt, daß ohne Kontrolle der Dehngeschwindigkeit und insbesondere bei inhomogener Dehung nicht nur Abweichungen vom spannungsoptischen Gesetz, sondern auch große Fehler bei der Spannungs- bzw. Viskositätsberechnung auftreten. Deshalb wurde großer Wert auf die Prüfung der Homogenität der Dehnung gelegt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 153 (1987), S. 187-195 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The miscibility of various polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polybutylmethacrylate (PBMA)/poly(methylmethacrylate-co-butylmethacrylate)systems has been studied. PMMA and PBMA are immiscible. Methacrylic homopolymers and copolymers are immiscible, too. A one-phase mixture from PMMA and PBMA is only accessible by copolymerization.
    Notes: Die Mischbarkeit von verschiedenen Systemen aus Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA), Polybutylmethacrylat (PBMA) und Poly(methylmethacrylat-co-butylmethacrylat) (P(MMA-co-BMA)) wurde untersucht. PMMA und PBMA sind miteinander nicht mischbar. Die untersuchten Homopolymeren und entsprechende Methacrylatcopolymere bilden ebenfalls heterogene Systeme. Einphasige Mischungen aus PMMA und PBMA sind nur über Copolymerisation erreichbar.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 169-193 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The condensation reaction of bisphenol A, melamine, and formaldehyde was investigated by gel permeation chromatography, 13C-NMR-spectroscopy, IR-spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Because of the high reaction rates the condensation could be investigated only in the range of pH 6-10. At pH 6 and 7 the reaction of melamine with formaldehyde is dominating.With increasing pH-value the condensation of bisphenol A with formaldehyde is observed preferably. At pH 10 the condensation results in high molecular products. Cocondensation of melamine and bisphenol A through methylene bridges does not take place. But as a separation of the bisphenol A-formaldehyde condensates from the other condensation products was not possible, the three components may be connected through methylene-ether groups and/or intermolecular hydrogen bridges.
    Notes: Die gemeinsame Kondensation von Bisphenol A, Melamin und Formaldehyd wurde mit Hilfe der Gelpermeationschromatographie, der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie, IR-Spektroskopie und Elementaranalyse untersucht. Wegen der hohen Kondensationsgeschwindigkeit verläuft die Reaktion in Gegenwart der drei Komponenten nur im Bereich von pH 6-10 kontrollierbar. Bei pH 6 und 7 überwigt die Kondensation zwischen Melamin und Formaldehyd. Mit steigendem pH-Wert tritt die Reaktion von Bisphenol A mit Formaldehyd in den Vordergrund und führt bei pH 10 zu hochmolekularen Kondensationsprodukten.Auf direkte Cokondensation hinweisende Methylenverknüpfungen zwischen der phenolischen Komponente und Melamin konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die Kondensationsprodukte des Melamins bzw. des Bisphenol A mit Formaldehyd lassen sich aber nicht mehr vollständig aus den Reaktionsgemischen der Vorkondensation abtrennen, was dafür spricht, daß die Komponenten über Methylenetherbrücken und/oder intermolekularen Wasserstoffbrücken miteinander verknüpft sind.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit Hilfe der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie wurde die Entwicklung der Oligomerenverteilung während der Polymerisation von 13C-angereichertem Ethylen mit dem löslichen Ziegler-Katalysatorsystem Cp2TiMeCl/AlMe2Cl verfolgt. Zuordnung und quantitative Auswertung aller Signale der verschiedenen wachsenden Ketten werden beschrieben. Die Geschwindigkeiten der Ethylen- und der Cp2 TiMeCl-Abnahme sowie die Bildungsgeschwindigkeit neuer Ketten konnten direkt aus den Spektren ermittelt werden. So läßt sich zum ersten Mal zeigen, daß die Konzentration der Ti-Propyl-und Ti-Pentylspezies in einen stationthen Zustand einlaufen. Dies ermbglicht, die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Ethyleninsertion in die Ti-Kohlenstoffbindung von Ti-Me, Ti-Pr und Ti-Pe zu ermitteln. Diese Ergebnisse fiihren zu einem detaillierten Ein-blick in den Ablauf der ersten Insertionsschritte und sind so eine Grundlage fur die mathematische Modellierung. Sie sind aufierdem ein weiterer unabhlngiger Beweis für die Giiltigkeit des dynamischen Modells des Mechanismus der Ethylenpolymerisation mit lbslichen Ziegler-Katalysatoren, nlmlich die Bildung der polymerisationsaktiven Spezies in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden sehr dynamischen Gleichgewichtsreaktionen.
    Notes: The development of the oligomer distribution during the polymerization of 13C-enriched ethylene by the soluble Ziegler catalyst system Cp2 TiMeCl/AlMe2Cl was followed by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The assignment of the signals from the growing chains is described in full. It is shown that the rate of consumption of ethylene and Cp2 TiMeCl and the rate of formation of new chains can be monitored directly from the spectra. The concentrations of Ti-propyl and Ti-pentyl species during the polymerization were followed spectroscopically; both attain a steady state concentration. The relative rates were determined for the insertion of ethylene in the Ti-carbon bond of Ti-Me, Ti-Pr and Ti-Pe. These results give a detailed insight into the way that the oligomer distribution develops and provide a basis for its computer simulation. They also provide an independent proof that the dynamic model for the mechanism of ethylene polymerization with soluble Ziegler catalysts of the type Cp2 TiRCl/AlRnClm is correct.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 154 (1987), S. 99-110 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß verschiedener Reaktionsbedingungen auf die Bromierung von ataktischem Poly(propylen) (APP) in Tetrachlorkohlenstofflösung wurde untersucht. Mit zunehmender Reaktionszeit steigt der Bromierungsgrad. Auch mit steigender Verdünnung der APP-Lösung nimmt die Bromierungsgeschwindigkeit zu, welche bezüglich der APP-Konzentration die Ordnung 0,66 hat. Dies wird erklärt durch die anfängliche Substitution eines Wasserstoffs am tertiären Kohlenstoffatom. Die folgende H-Abstraktion an den benachbaren sekundären und primären Kohlenstoffatomen ist erleichtert. Die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie wurde zu 11,9 kcal/mol bestimmt. Die Bromierungsgeschwindigkeit steigt bis zu einem APP : Br2-Molverhältnis von 1 : 1 an, darüber hinaus wird die Geschwindigkeit unabhängig vom Molverhältnis. Die Bromierung scheint folgendermaßen zu verlaufen: Nach anfänglicher Substitution eines tertiären H-Atoms durch freie Bromradikale werden nach und nach auchdie sekundäen und primären H-Atome durch weitergehende Substitution oder durch Addition nach einem Eliminierungsschritt ersetzt. Das IR-Spektrum bestätigt die Anwesenheit von Brom in den Proben.
    Notes: Effects of various reaction conditions on bromination of atactic poly(propylene) (APP) in carbon tetrachloride solution were studied. It was found that with the increase of the reaction time the extent of bromination increases. Also with an increased dilution of APP the rate of bromination increased following a bromination order of 0.66 with respect to APP concentration. This has been ascribed to initial replacement of the hydrogen at the tertiary carbon atoms followed by enhanced ease of abstraction from the neighbouring secondary and primary carbon atoms. The apparent activation energy was found to be 11.9 kcal/mol. The rate of bromination increases with an increase of the APP: Br2 molar ratio up to 1 : 1, beyond which the rate becomes independent of this ratio. Mechanism of bromination appears to be an initial substitution of tertiary H-atoms by bromine radicals followed subsequently by replacement of secondary and primary H-atoms via either progressive substitution or elimination-addition. IR spectra confirm the presence of bromine in the samples.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cyclodextrin membrane-modified electrodes as sensor materials have been prepared by dipping platinum electrodes in the water suspensions of an oriented cyclodextrin polymer, followed by drying the polymer layers on the electrodes. The polymer is obtained by the solid-liquid reaction between the crystal of cyclodextrin inclusion complex and hexamethylene diisocyanate in anisole. The thickness (2 - 80 μm) of the cyclodextrin membrane is satisfactorily controlled by changing the concentration of the water suspension of the polymer. The cyclodextrin membranemodified electrodes show a significant response to p-nitrophenolate in water which is highly in contrast with no measurable response to o- and m-nitrophenolates.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In this part properties and efficiency of the developed model1,2 are discussed. A variation of the parameters shows that vigorous effects are caused by the effective aggregation. All calculations show that at low conversion there are little temporal steps between the sequential aggregation steps. In the range of 5% to 20% conversion the velocity of aggregation decreases and the aggregative stability agrees with experiences given in the literature. It is shown that the calculated results are in agreement with the experimental results and therefore the presented model is a suitable possibility to describe the formation of some PVC-morphology properties.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften des früher1,2 entwickelten Modells untersucht und diskutiert. Die Variation der Modellparameter zeigt einen großen Einfluß der Aggregationsprozesse auf die Subkornmorphologie. Bei niedrigen Monomerumsätzen ist das Zeitintervall zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Aggregationsschritten sehr klein, so daß für das Teilchenwachstum die Geschwindigkeit der Aggregation der Unterstrukturen entscheidend ist. Im Bereich zwischen 5% und 20% Monomerumsatz sinkt die Aggregationsgeschwindigkeit sehr stark, so daß für das Teilchenwachstum zunehmend die Polymerisationsreaktion an Bedeutung gewinnt. Aggregative Stabilität wird nach dem Modell für einen Teilchengrößenbereich erhalten, der sich in Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Daten aus der Fachliteratur befindet. Die berechneten Teilchengrößen entsprechen ebenfalls den in der Literatur publizierten experimentellen Werten, so daß das Modell eine gute Grundlage für die Beschreibung einiger morphologisch bestimmter Polymereigenschaften bildet.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 21-34 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden unidirektionale Verbundwerkstoffe aus Novolakharz mit Kohlenstoff-Fasern gemäß der Prepreg-Methode verarbeitet. Das Novolakharz wurde durch Polymerisation von Phenol mit Formaldehyd (Mol-Verhältnis 1 : 0,82) und Oxalsäure als Katalysator (1,5 Gew.-% von Phenol) hergestellt. Die Härtung des Novolakharzes wurde mit Hexamethylentetramin (Hexa) durchgeführt, während das geeignete Verhältnis durch die IR-Spektroskopie bestimmt wurde.Es wurden Proben aus Novolak/Hexa (Gew.-Verhältnis 14: 1), verstärkt mit kommerziellen Kohlenstoff-Fasern, unter verschiedenen Bedingungen (z. B. verschiedene thermische Programme und verschiedene Verhältnisse von Novolakharz : Kohlenstoff-Fasern) hergestellt. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften der hergestellten Proben (wie Biegefestigkeit, Zugfestigkeit, usw.) wurden bestimmt, und ihre Struktur wurde mit Hilfe der Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht.Mit zunehmendem Volumenverhältnis der Kohlenstoff-Fasern werden nicht nur alle mechanischen Eigenschaften des verstärkten Materials verbessert, sondern auch sein Nutzungsgrad nimmt zu, und die Herstellungsbedingungen üben einen größeren Einfluß aus. Die mit dem gleichen Verhältnis von Kohlenstoff-Fasern (z. B. 15 Vol.-%) hergestellten Proben weisen mit zunehmendem Härtungsgrad des Novolaks verbesserte mechanische Eigenschaften auf. Der Häirtungsgrad des Novolaks während der Anfangsphase (Gel-Zeit) als auch während der Endphase (Nachhärtung) kann mit Hilfe der IR-Spektren des härtenden Novolaks verfolgt werden, während der Härtungsgrad der Zwischenphase nur indirekt aus den Werten der mechanischen Eigenschaften der entsprechenden Proben bestimmt werden kann.Aus der Korrelation zwischen den Herstellungsparametern und den mechanischen Eigenschaften der Proben ergeben sich optimale Bedingungen für die Verarbeitung in der Wärmepresse zur Herstellung von mit Kohlenstoff-Fasern verstärkten Novolakharzen (1. Phase: T1 = 125-145°C, t1 = 20 min - 1 h, ohne Druck; 2. Phase: T2 = 180-195°C, t2 = 40 min, P2 ≃ 1,5 kN /cm2).
    Notes: Unidirectional composite materials of novolac resin with carbon fibers were fabricated according to the prepreg method. Novolac resin was prepared by polymerization of phenol with formaldehyde (mole ratio 1 : 0.82) in the presence of oxalic acid as catalyst (1.5 wt.-% to phenol). The curing of novolac resin was performed with hexamethylenetetramine (hexa), while the appropriate proportion was determined by using the IR-spectroscopy.Specimens of novolac/hexa (weight ratio 14:1) reinforced with carbon fibers commercially available were fabricated under different conditions (e.g. different thermal programs and different proportions of novolac/carbon fibers). The mechanical properties of the fabricated specimens (like flexural strength, tensile strength, etc.) were determined and their structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy.By increasing the volume proportion of carbon fibers, not only all mechanical properties of the composite material were increased, but also their degree of utilization was increased and also the production conditions had greater influence. Concerning the specimens produced by the same proportion of carbon fibers (e.g. 15 vol.-%) their mechanical properties were improved by increasing the curing of novolac. The degree of curing of novolac during the initial phase (gel time) and during the ultimate phase (post-curing) can be followed with the aid of IR-spectra of the cured resin, while the degree of curing for the intermediate phase can be obtained only indirectly from the values of the mechanical properties of the corresponding specimens.From the correlation between the production parameters and the mechanical properties of the samples the optimal conditions for processing of the thermopress for the manufacture of carbon fiber reinforced novolac were concluded (1. phase: T1 = 125-145°C, t1 = 20 min - 1 h, without pressure; 2. phase: T2 = 180-195°C, t2 = 40 min, P2 ≃ 1,5 kN/cm2).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In dieser Arbeit interessieren wir uns für den Einfluß von Konzentration und Temperatur auf den elektrischen Widerstand eines Butyl-Kautschuks (IIR), der mit zwei Typen von Ruß (Hoch-Abrasion-Schmelzofen-Ruß (HAF) und Schnell-Extrusion-Hochofen-Ruß (FEF)) versetzt ist. Ergebnis war, daß die Leitfähigkeit bei niedrigem Rußgehalt hauptsächlich durch thermische Aktivierung der Ladungsträger erreicht wird. Bei mittleren Konzentrationen überwiegt der Tunnel-Mechanismus bei niedriger Temperatur, gefolgt von der thermischen Aktivierung bei relativ hoher Temperatur. Dies gilt für beide Rußarten. Das metallartige Verhalten bei Gemischen mit hoher Rußkonzentration kann sowohl der thermischen Ausdehnung der Tunnelwege zwischen Kohlenstoff-Agglomeraten als auch dem Zusammenbruch der Kohlenstoff-Agglomerate bei steigender Temperatur zugeschrieben werden.
    Notes: In this study we are interested in the effect of concentration and temperature on the electrical resistivity of butyl rubber (IIR) loaded with two types of carbon black, (namely, high abrasion furnace black (HAF), and fast extrusion furnace black (FEF)). It was found that the conductivity at low carbon black concentrations is mainly achieved by thermal activation of carriers. Tunneling mechanism at low termperature followed by thermal activation at relatively high temperature is found to be predominant for moderate concentrations for both carbon blacks. The metal-like behaviour which was observed in highly loaded compounds was attributed to both, the thermal expansion of the tunneling paths between carbon-carbon agglomerates and the breakdown of carbon agglomerates with temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 79-87 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Arbeit beschreibt die Synthese von Halogenderivaten des Phenylglycidylethers und die Möglichkeiten der Verwendung von diesen Komponenten als Flammverzögerer und reaktive Verdünnungsmittel für Epoxidharze.Mit Hilfe der Nelder-Mead-Simplexmethode wurden die besten Reaktionsbedingungen gefunden. Die so hergestellten Produkte zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Qualität aus und wurden mit einem niedermolekularen Epoxidharz gemischt und mit Diaminodiphenylmethan gehärtet.Die Viskosität von Harzgemischen und die Brennbarkeit der gehärteten Systeme wurden untersucht. Mit dem erhöhten Gehalt an Halogen (Chlor oder Brom) steigt die Viskosität, und die Brennbarkeit der Epoxide wird reduziert.
    Notes: This study deals with the synthesis of halogenated derivatives of phenyl glycidyl ether and with possibilities of their use as flame retardants and reactive diluents of epoxy resin.The best reaction conditions optimized by Nelder-Mead simplex method were found. The products of very high quality were prepared. They were mixed with a lowmolecular epoxy resin and cured by diamino diphenyl methane.The viscosity of the resin mixtures and limiting oxygen index of cured systems were determined. It was found that a higher content of halogen, both chlorine and bromine, causes increasing viscosity and reduced flammability of the epoxides.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Messungen von Tg, Tm und Tc (Trübungspunkt) wurden Phasendiagramme der vier verträglichen Polymermischungen von chlorierten isotaktischen Polypropylenen (Chlorgehalt 39,2 (CPP-40) und 49,8 Gew.-% (CPP-50)) mit Poly(ethylen-co-vinylacetat)en (Vinylacetatgehalt 40 (EVA-40) und 45 Gew.-% (EVA-45)) untersucht. Von den vier Mischungspaaren war die Mischung von CPP-50 mit EVA-40 am besten verträglich.
    Notes: By measuring Tg, Tm and Tc (cloud point) phase diagrams for the four miscible blends of chlorinated isotactic polypropylenes (chlorine content 39.2 (CPP-40) and 49.8 wt.-% (CP-50)) with Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)s (vinyl acetate contents 40 (EVA-40) and 45 wt.-% (EVA-45)) were investigated. The blend of CPP-50 with EVA-40 was the most compatible of the four blend pairs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...