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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Asian Change in the Context of Global Change : Impact of Natural and Anthropogenic Changes in Asia on Global Biogeochemical Cycles (1998)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 531-99-0197
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 364 p.
    Edition: 1. ed.
    ISBN: 0521638887
    Series Statement: IGBP Publication 3
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    reply Parameters for global ecosystem models (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 399 (1999), S. 536-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tian et al. reply — Our model-based analysis of the effects of interannual climate variability and increasing atmospheric CO2concentration on carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems focused on CO2exchanges between the atmosphere and undisturbed forests and other ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/21102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling changes in soil organic matter in Amazon forest to pasture conversion with the Century model (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Land use and land cover changes in the Brazilian Amazon region have major implications for regional and even global carbon cycling. We analyzed the effects of the predominant land use change, conversion of tropical forest to pasture, on total soil C and N, using the Century ecosystem model and data collected from the Nova Vida ranch, Western Brazilian Amazon. We estimated equilibrium organic matter levels, plant productivity and residue carbon inputs under native forest conditions, then simulated deforestation following the slash and burn procedure. Soil organic matter dynamics were simulated for pastures established in 1989, 1987, 1983, 1979, 1972, 1951, and 1911. Using input data from the Nova Vida ranch, the Century model predicted that forest clearance and conversion to pasture would cause an initial decline in soil C and N stocks, followed by a slow rise to levels exceeding those under native forest. Simulated soil total C and N levels (2500 g C m−2 and 245 g N m−2 in the 0–20 cm layer) prior to conversion to pasture were close to those measured in the native forest. Simulated above- and below-ground biomass for the forest and pasture were comparable with literature values from this region. The model predicted the long-term changes in soil C and N under pasture inferred from the pasture chronosequence, but there was considerable variation in soil C stocks for pastures 〈20 years in age. Differences in soil texture between pastures were relatively small and could not account for much of the variability between different pastures of similar ages, in either the measured or simulated data. It is likely that much of the variability in C stocks between pastures of similar ages is related to initial C stocks immediately following deforestation and that this was the largest source of variability in the chronosequence. Internal C cycling processes in Century were evaluated using measurements of microbial biomass and soil δ13C. The relative magnitude and long-term trend in microbial biomass simulated by the model were consistent with measurements. The close fit of simulated to measured values of δ13C over time suggests that the relative loss of forest-derived C and its replacement by pasture-derived C was accurately predicted by the model. After 80 years, almost 90% of the organic matter in the top 20 cm was pasture derived. While our analysis represents a single ‘case study’ of pasture conversion, our results suggest that modeling studies in these pasture systems can help to evaluate the magnitude of impacts on C and N cycling, and determine the effect of management strategies on pasture sustainability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00759.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of climate and soils for estimates of net primary production: a sensitivity analysis with the terrestrial ecosystem model (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Global change biology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We used the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to investigate how alternative input data sets of climate (temperature/precipitation), solar radiation, and soil texture affect estimates of net primary productivity (NPP) for the conterminous United States. At the continental resolution, the climates of Cramer and Leemans (C&L) and of the Vegetation/ Ecosystem Modelling and Analysis Project (VEMAP) represent cooler and drier conditions for the United States in comparison to the Legates and Willmott (L&W) climate, and cause 5.2% and 2.3% lower estimates of NPP. Solar radiation derived from C&L and given in VEMAP is 32% and 60% higher than the solar radiation data derived from Hahn cloudiness. These differences cause ∼ 8% and 10% lower NPP because of radiation-induced water stress. In comparison to the FAO/CSRC soil texture, which represents most biomes with loam soils, the soil textures are finer (more silt and clay) in the Zobler and VEMAP data sets. The use of VEMAP soil textures instead of FAO/CSRC soil textures causes ∼ 3% higher NPP because enhanced volumetric soil moisture causes higher rates of nitrogen cycling, but use of the Zobler soil textures has little effect. In general, NPP estimates of TEM are more sensitive to alternative data sets at the biome and grid cell resolutions than at the continental resolution. At all spatial resolutions, the sensitivity of NPP estimates represents the impact of uncertainty among the alternative data sets we used in this study. The reduction of uncertainty in input data sets is required to improve the spatial resolution of NPP estimates by process-based ecosystem models, and is especially important for improving assessments of the regional impacts of global change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00045.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of Variability in Net Primary Production Predictions at a Regional Scale: A Comparison Using PnET-II and TEM 4.0 in Northeastern US Forests (1999)
    Springer
    Ecosystems 2 (1999), S. 555-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0629
    Keywords: Key words: climate; ecosystem process modeling; modeling uncertainty; net primary production; northeastern US; PnET; soil water holding capacity; spatial resolution; TEM; vegetation representation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: ABSTRACT Because model predictions at continental and global scales are necessarily based on broad characterizations of vegetation, soils, and climate, estimates of carbon stocks and fluxes made by global terrestrial biosphere models may not be accurate for every region. At the regional scale, we suggest that attention can be focused more clearly on understanding the relative strengths of predicted net primary productivity (NPP) limitation by energy, water, and nutrients. We evaluate the sources of variability among model predictions of NPP with a regional-scale comparison between estimates made by PnET-II (a forest ecosystem process model previously applied to the northeastern region) and TEM 4.0 (a terrestrial biosphere model typically applied to the globe) for the northeastern US. When the same climate, vegetation, and soil data sets were used to drive both models, regional average NPP predictions made by PnET-II and TEM were remarkably similar, and at the biome level, model predictions agreed fairly well with NPP estimates developed from field measurements. However, TEM 4.0 predictions were more sensitive to regional variations in temperature as a result of feedbacks between temperature and belowground N availability. In PnET-II, the direct link between transpiration and photosynthesis caused substantial water stress in hardwood and pine forest types with increases in solar radiation; predicted water stress was relieved substantially when soil water holding capacity (WHC) was increased. Increasing soil WHC had little effect on TEM 4.0 predictions because soil water storage was already sufficient to meet plant demand with baseline WHC values, and because predicted N availability under baseline conditions in this region was not limited by water. Because NPP predictions were closely keyed to forest cover type, the relative coverage of low- versus high-productivity forests at both fine and coarse resolutions was an important determinant of regional NPP predictions. Therefore, changes in grid cell size and differences in the methods used to aggregate from fine to coarse resolution were important to NPP predictions insofar as they changed the relative proportions of forest cover. We suggest that because the small patches of high-elevation spruce-fir forest in this region are substantially less productive than forests in the remainder of the region, more accurate NPP predictions will result if models applied to this region use land cover input data sets that retain as much fine-resolution forest type variability as possible. The differences among model responses to variations in climate and soil WHC data sets suggest that the models will respond quite differently to scenarios of future climate. A better understanding of the dynamic interactions between water stress, N availability, and forest productivity in this region will enable models to make more accurate predictions of future carbon stocks and fluxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Term Nitrogen Additions and Nitrogen Saturation in Two Temperate Forests (2000)
    Springer
    Ecosystems 3 (2000), S. 238-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0629
    Keywords: Key words: ammonium nitrate; biomass production; foliar chemistry; net mineralization; net nitrification; nitrogen deposition; nitrogen saturation; soil solution chemistry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: ABSTRACT This article reports responses of two different forest ecosystems to 9 years (1988–96) of chronic nitrogen (N) additions at the Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was applied to a pine plantation and a native deciduous broad-leaved (hardwood) forest in six equal monthly doses (May–September) at four rates: control (no fertilizer addition), low N (5 g N m-2 y-1), high N (15 g N m-2 y-1), and low N + sulfur (5 g N m-2 y-1 plus 7.4 g S m-2 y-1). Measurements were made of net N mineralization, net nitrification, N retention, wood production, foliar N content and litter production, soil C and N content, and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) in soil water. In the pine stand, nitrate losses were measured after the first year of additions (1989) in the high N plot and increased again in 1995 and 1996. The hardwood stand showed no significant increases in nitrate leaching until 1995 (high N only), with further increases in 1996. Overall N retention efficiency (percentage of added N retained) over the 9-year period was 97–100% in the control and low N plots of both stands, 96% in the hardwood high N plot, and 85% in the pine high N plot. Storage in aboveground biomass, fine roots, and soil extractable pools accounted for only 16–32% of the added N retained in the amended plots, suggesting that the one major unmeasured pool, soil organic matter, contains the remaining 68–84%. Short-term redistribution of 15N tracer at natural abundance levels showed similar division between plant and soil pools. Direct measurements of changes in total soil C and N pools were inconclusive due to high variation in both stands. Woody biomass production increased in the hardwood high N plot but was significantly reduced in the pine high N plot, relative to controls. A drought-induced increase in foliar litterfall in the pine stand in 1995 is one possible factor leading to a measured increase in N mineralization, nitrification, and nitrate loss in the pine high N plot in 1996.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100210000023
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remote sensing of canopy chemistry and nitrogen cycling in temperate forest ecosystems (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 335 (1988), S. 154-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Remote sensing is used increasingly for the measurements required to develop landscape, regional and global assessments of the state of the biosphere. To date, most applications of remote sensing to terrestrial ecosystems have involved the estimation of foliar area and biomass, or absorbed ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/335154a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of interannual climate variability on carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 396 (1998), S. 664-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Amazon Basin contains almost one-half of the world's undisturbed tropical evergreen forest as well as large areas of tropical savanna,. The forests account for about 10 per cent of the world's terrestrial primary productivity and for a similar fraction of the carbon stored in land ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/25328
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 363 (1993), S. 234-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A process-based model was used to estimate global patterns of net primary production and soil nitrogen cycling for contemporary climate conditions and current atmospheric C02 concentration. Over half of the global annual net primary production was estimated to occur in the tropics, with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363234a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of a 15N-labeled nitrate addition by decomposing forest litter (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 105 (1996), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Decomposition ; N immobilization ; N saturation ; Nitrate ; 15N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of chronic HNO3 and H2SO4 additions on decomposition of senesced birch leaf, beech leaf, spruce needle, and wood chip litters were examined. Litters were incubated for up to 4 years in fiberglass mesh (1 mm) bags on experimental plots in a mixed-species forest near the Bear Brooks Watershed Manipulation (BBWM) site in eastern Maine, United States. Plot treatments included HNO3 additions at 28 and 56 kg N·ha−1·year−1, H2SO4 additions at 128 kg S·ha−1·year−1, and a combined HNO3 and H2SO4 treatment at 28 kg N and 64 kg S ·ha−1·year−1. The 15N content of all NO3 added was artificially increased to 344% δ15N. Litter bags were collected each fall and analyzed for organic matter loss, nitrogen concentration, and 15N abundance throughout the 4-year experiment. Extractive (non-polar-soluble+water-soluble), cellulose (acid-soluble), and lignin (acid-insoluble) fractions were analyzed for the first 2 years. In wood chips, nitrogen additions increased mass loss and N concentration, but not the mass of N after 4 years. Neither N nor S additions had large effects on mass loss, N concentration, or N content of leaf litters. All litters immobilized and mineralized N simultaneously, but we were able to place a lower bound on gross N immobilization by mass balancing 15N additions. Birch and spruce litters showed net mineralization, while beech leaf and wood chip litters showed net immobilization. Net immobilizing litters were those with the highest initial cellulose concentration (wood chips=80% beech leaves=54%), and we attribute the higher capacity for immobilization to more readily available carbon. Lignin mass increased initially in all litter types except spruce needles. Also, extractives in net immobilizing litters either increased initially (wood chips) or decreased at a slower rate than bulk litter (beech leaves). We calculate the potential of decomposing litter to immobilize exogenous nitrate in this system to be 1–1.5 kg N·ha−1·year−1, which is about half of the usual NO3 deposition at this site, but only a small fraction of the experimental addition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328539
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