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  • 1
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    Fluid Flow, Mineralization and Deformation in an Oceanic Detachment Fault: Microtextural, Geochemical and Isotopic Evidence From Pyrite at 13°30′N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Hydrothermal fluids in ultramafic‐hosted hydrothermal systems associated with oceanic detachment faults can be more oxidizing compared to mafic‐hosted vent sites. These fluids form a mineral assemblage of pyrite, magnetite and hematite. At 13°30′N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, chlorite‐quartz breccias recovered from an exposed fault scarp contain pyrite, with abundant magnetite and hematite, indicating that the redox of the fluids was variable. In primary micron‐scale zonations in pyrite, Ni, Co, and Se have a decoupled relationship, recording fluctuations in the chemical composition and temperature of hydrothermal fluid as the grains grew. Secondary zonations that erase and overprint primary zonations are limited to the grain margin and permeable regions within the grain core. Secondary zonations formed via two processes: (a) grain dissolution followed by overgrowth, and (b) remobilization of metals during oxidizing fluid flow events. In both instances, Ni and Co have been mobilized and concentrated, and are not lost to the hydrothermal fluid. Superimposed on these features is evidence of grain scale deformation related to periods of fault movement along the detachment surface. Sulfur isotope ratios (δ 34 S) in pyrite systematically decrease from the grain margin to the grain core, indicating that increased amounts of sulfur were derived from thermochemical sulfate reduction of seawater. Thus, pyrite records the evolution of fluid flow and deformation events during exhumation along the detachment surface from ∼1 to 2 km below the seafloor at the base of the lava pile, with temporal fluctuations in fluid redox identified as an important process in controlling Ni and Co enrichment in pyrite. Plain Language Summary Detachment faults are long lived faults that can expose ultramafic rocks at the seafloor. We aim to investigate the links between hydrothermal activity and detachment fault formation. To do this we use pyrite as a tape recorder for past fluid flow events. Across individual mineral grains, distinct zonations in metal content and sulfur isotope ratios show that the incursion of seawater occurred periodically during pyrite growth, increasing during fault movement events that lead to changes in the temperature and pH of the fluids in the fault zone. These changes concentrated metals toward the center of individual mineral grains. Zonations were then overprinted by later deformation‐related events, providing evidence that the samples formed at deeper crustal levels below the seafloor and were progressively exhumed at the seafloor over time. Key Points Microtextural, geochemical, and isotopic variations in subseafloor pyrite record the history of sample exhumation along a detachment fault Nickel and Co are remobilized and concentrated in pyrite across individual mineral grains in response to fluctuating fluid redox conditions Evidence of pyrite deformation and alteration mineralogy of samples indicates sample exhumation from a depth of 1–2 km
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  • 2
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    A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In this second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2), we quantify global coastal ocean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 using an ensemble of global gap-filled observation-based products and ocean biogeochemical models. The global coastal ocean is a net sink of CO2 in both observational products and models, but the magnitude of the median net global coastal uptake is similar to 60% larger in models (-0.72 vs. -0.44 PgC year-1, 1998-2018, coastal ocean extending to 300 km offshore or 1,000 m isobath with area of 77 million km2). We attribute most of this model-product difference to the seasonality in sea surface CO2 partial pressure at mid- and high-latitudes, where models simulate stronger winter CO2 uptake. The coastal ocean CO2 sink has increased in the past decades but the available time-resolving observation-based products and models show large discrepancies in the magnitude of this increase. The global coastal ocean is a major source of N2O (+0.70 PgCO2-e year-1 in observational product and +0.54 PgCO2-e year-1 in model median) and CH4 (+0.21 PgCO2-e year-1 in observational product), which offsets a substantial proportion of the coastal CO2 uptake in the net radiative balance (30%-60% in CO2-equivalents), highlighting the importance of considering the three greenhouse gases when examining the influence of the coastal ocean on climate. The coastal ocean regulates greenhouse gases. It acts as a sink of carbon dioxide (CO2) but also releases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. This synthesis contributes to the second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2) and provides a comprehensive view of the coastal air-sea fluxes of these three greenhouse gases at the global scale. We use a multi-faceted approach combining gap-filled observation-based products and ocean biogeochemical models. We show that the global coastal ocean is a net sink of CO2 in both observational products and models, but the coastal uptake of CO2 is similar to 60% larger in models than in observation-based products due to model-product differences in seasonality. The coastal CO2 sink is strengthening but the magnitude of this strengthening is poorly constrained. We also find that the coastal emissions of N2O and CH4 counteract a substantial part of the effect of coastal CO2 uptake in the atmospheric radiative balance (by 30%-60% in CO2-equivalents), highlighting the need to consider these three gases together to understand the influence of the coastal ocean on climate. We synthesize air-sea fluxes of CO2, nitrous oxide and methane in the global coastal ocean using observation-based products and ocean models The coastal ocean CO2 sink is 60% larger in ocean models than in observation-based products due to systematic differences in seasonality Coastal nitrous oxide and methane emissions offset 30%-60% of the CO2 coastal uptake in the net radiative balance
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  • 3
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    Preliminary Characterization of Submarine Basalt Magnetic Mineralogy Using Amplitude‐Dependence of Magnetic Susceptibility (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: The past ∼200 million years of Earth's geomagnetic field behavior have been recorded within oceanic basalts, many of which are only accessible via scientific ocean drilling. Obtaining the best possible paleomagnetic measurements from such valuable samples requires an a priori understanding of their magnetic mineralogies when choosing the most appropriate protocol for stepwise demagnetization experiments (either alternating field or thermal). Here, we present a quick, and non‐destructive method that utilizes the amplitude‐dependence of magnetic susceptibility to screen submarine basalts prior to choosing a demagnetization protocol, whenever conducting a pilot study or other detailed rock‐magnetic characterization is not possible. We demonstrate this method using samples acquired during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 391. Our approach is rooted in the observation that amplitude‐dependent magnetic susceptibility is observed in basalt samples whose dominant magnetic carrier is multidomain titanomagnetite (∼TM 60–65 , (Ti 0.60–0.65 Fe 0.35–0.40 )Fe 2 O 4 ). Samples with low Ti contents within titanomagnetite or samples that have experienced a high degree of oxidative weathering do not display appreciable amplitude dependence. Due to their low Curie temperatures, basalts that possess amplitude‐dependence should ideally be demagnetized either using alternating fields or via finely‐spaced thermal demagnetization heating steps below 300°C. Our screening method can enhance the success rate of paleomagnetic studies of oceanic basalt samples. Plain Language Summary Oceanic basalts are ideal recorders of the Earth's magnetic field. To decipher magnetic histories recorded in rocks, paleomagnetists need to isolate the magnetization directions and intensities within rocks by one of two possible methods. One method typically involves progressively heating the samples to high temperatures. The other method involves exposing samples to alternating magnetic fields with increasing peak field intensities. Both of these methods are ultimately destructive to the original magnetization preserved within rocks. However, without knowledge of a given rock's magnetic mineralogy, randomly choosing thermal or alternating field demagnetization methods may result in high failure rates. We developed a pre‐screening method to help decide which cleaning method will likely be more successful for a given sample based on low‐field magnetic susceptibility measurements. These measurements do not affect the original magnetic information recorded in a rock, thereby permitting subsequent paleomagnetic studies on the same sample. Our technique can be performed as rapidly as 2 min per sample, is non‐destructive, and does not require complicated sample preparation. Key Points Paleomagnetic studies utilize either alternating field or thermal demagnetization, but it is difficult to choose the best protocol a priori Amplitude‐dependence of magnetic susceptibility measurements permits preliminary magnetic mineralogy characterization in submarine basalts Rapid amplitude‐dependence measurements may aid in deciding upon the best demagnetization protocol for submarine basalt samples
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  • 4
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    Early Diagenetic Controls on Sedimentary Iodine Release and Iodine‐To‐Organic Carbon Ratios in the Paleo‐Record (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Iodine cycling in the ocean is closely linked to productivity, organic carbon export, and oxygenation. However, iodine sources and sinks at the seafloor are poorly constrained, which limits the applicability of iodine as a biogeochemical tracer. We present pore water and solid phase iodine data for sediment cores from the Peruvian continental margin, which cover a range of bottom water oxygen concentrations, organic carbon rain rates and sedimentation rates. By applying a numerical reaction‐transport model, we evaluate how these parameters determine benthic iodine fluxes and sedimentary iodine‐to‐organic carbon ratios (I:C org ) in the paleo‐record. Iodine is delivered to the sediment with organic material and released into the pore water as iodide (I − ) during early diagenesis. Under anoxic conditions in the bottom water, most of the iodine delivered is recycled, which can explain the presence of excess dissolved iodine in near‐shore anoxic seawater. According to our model, the benthic I − efflux in anoxic areas is mainly determined by the organic carbon rain rate. Under oxic conditions, pore water dissolved I − is oxidized and precipitated at the sediment surface. Much of the precipitated iodine re‐dissolves during early diagenesis and only a fraction is buried. Particulate iodine burial efficiency and I:C org burial ratios do increase with bottom water oxygen. However, multiple combinations of bottom water oxygen, organic carbon rain rate and sedimentation rate can lead to identical I:C org , which limits the utility of I:C org as a quantitative oxygenation proxy. Our findings may help to better constrain the ocean's iodine mass balance, both today and in the geological past. Key Points The impact of early diagenesis on benthic iodine fluxes and iodine burial was quantitatively evaluated using a reaction‐transport model Dissolved iodine anomalies in the water column are indicative of benthic efflux from anoxic sediments with high organic carbon turnover Not only bottom water oxygen but also organic carbon delivery and sedimentation rate determine sedimentary iodine‐to‐organic carbon ratios
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  • 5
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    Assessment of Chalk as an Archive for the Lithium Isotope Composition of Seawater (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: The understanding of silicate weathering and its role as a sink for atmospheric CO 2 is important to get a better insight into how the Earth shifts from warm to cool climates. The lithium isotope composition (δ 7 Li) of marine carbonates can be used as a proxy to track the past chemical weathering of silicates. A high‐resolution δ 7 Li record would be helpful to evaluate the role of silicate weathering during the late Cretaceous climate cooling. Here, we assess chalk as a potential archive for reconstructing Late Cretaceous seawater Li isotope composition by comparing Maastrichtian chalk from Northern Germany (Hemmoor, Kronsmoor) to a Quaternary coccolith ooze from the Manihiki Plateau (Pacific Ocean) as a lithological analog to modern conditions. We observe a negative offset of 3.9 ± 0.6‰ for the coccolith ooze relative to the modern seawater Li isotope composition (+31.1 ± 0.3‰; 2SE; n = 54), a value that falls in the range of published offsets for modern core‐top samples and for brachiopod calcite. Further, the negative offset between the Li isotope compositions of Manihiki coccolith ooze and modern planktonic foraminifera is 2.3 ± 0.6‰. Although chalk represents a diagenetically altered modification of pelagic nannofossil ooze, manifested by changes in the composition of trace elements, we observe a consistent offset of Li isotope data between Maastrichtian chalk and Maastrichtian planktonic foraminiferal data (−1.4 ± 0. 5‰) that lies within the uncertainty of modern values. We therefore suggest that chalk can be used as a reliable archive for δ 7 Li reconstructions. Key Points Chalk is a reliable archive for the Li isotope composition of seawater Coccolith ooze has a negative offset of 3.9 ± 0.6‰ from modern seawater for Li isotope ratios The estimated mean value for the late Maastrichtian seawater Li isotope composition is +27.5 ± 1.0‰
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  • 6
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    Impacts of North Atlantic Model Biases on Natural Decadal Climate Variability (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: Key Points: - North Atlantic biases are alleviated by an eddying nested ocean configuration embedded in a global climate model, FOCI-VIKING10 - It is indicated that reduction of the North Atlantic biases could improve the representation of NAO sub-decadal (8 years) variability - For detecting weak external imprints with limited computational resources, an ensemble with a coarse-resolution model is favorable Increasing the horizontal resolution of an ocean model is frequently seen as a way to reduce the model biases in the North Atlantic, but we are often limited by computational resources. Here, a two-way nested ocean model configuration (VIKING10) that consists of a high-resolution (1/10°) component and covers the northern North Atlantic, is embedded in a 1/2° ocean grid as part of the global chemistry-climate model, FOCI (called FOCI-VIKING10). This configuration yields a significantly improved path of the North Atlantic current (NAC), which here reduces the North Atlantic cold bias by ∼50%. Compared with the coarse-resolution, non-eddying model, the improved thermal state of upper ocean layers and surface heat fluxes in a historical simulation based on FOCI-VIKING10 are beneficial for simulating the subdecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability (i.e., a period of 8 years). A northward drift of the NAO-forced ocean thermal anomalies as seen in observations and the eddying FOCI-VIKING10, provide a lagged ocean feedback to the NAO via changes in the net surface heat flux, leading to the NAO periodicity of 8 years. This lagged feedback and the 8 years variability of the NAO cannot be captured by the non-eddying standard FOCI historical simulation. Furthermore, the argumentative responses of the North Atlantic to the 11-year solar cycle are re-examined in this study. The reported solar-induced NAO-like responses are confirmed in the 9-member ensemble mean based on FOCI but with low robustness among individual members. A lagged NAO-like response is only found in the nested eddying simulation but absent from the non-eddying reference simulation, suggesting North Atlantic biases importantly limit climate model capability to realistically solar imprints in North Atlantic climate.
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  • 7
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    How Hydrothermal Cooling and Magmatic Sill Intrusions Control Flip‐Flop Faulting at Ultraslow‐Spreading Mid‐Ocean Ridges (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: “Flip‐flop” detachment mode represents an endmember type of lithosphere‐scale faulting observed at almost amagmatic sections of ultraslow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges. Recent numerical experiments using an imposed steady temperature structure show that an axial temperature maximum is essential to trigger flip‐flop faults by focusing flexural strain in the footwall of the active fault. However, ridge segments without significant melt budget are more likely to be in a transient thermal state controlled, at least partly, by the faulting dynamics themselves. Therefore, we investigate which processes control the thermal structure of the lithosphere and how feedbacks with the deformation mechanisms can explain observed faulting patterns. We present results of 2‐D thermo‐mechanical numerical modeling including serpentinization reactions and dynamic grain size evolution. The model features a novel form of parametrized hydrothermal cooling along fault zones as well as the thermal and rheological effects of periodic sill intrusions. We find that the interplay of hydrothermal fault zone cooling and periodic sill intrusions in the footwall facilitates the flip‐flop detachment mode. Hydrothermal cooling of the fault zone pushes the temperature maximum into the footwall, while intrusions near the temperature maximum further weaken the rock and promote the formation of new faults with opposite polarity. Our model allows us to put constraints on the magnitude of two processes, and we obtain most reasonable melt budgets and hydrothermal heat fluxes if both are considered. Furthermore, we frequently observe two other faulting modes in our experiments complementing flip‐flop faulting to yield a potentially more robust alternative interpretation for existing observations. Plain Language Summary At mid‐ocean ridges, two plates diverge and new seafloor is created. The nature and appearance of this new seafloor strongly depend on spreading velocity and the availability of magmatic melts. At one of the melt‐poorest and slowest‐spreading ridges, a special form of large‐scale tectonic faults, so‐called flip‐flop detachments, can be observed. Tectonic faults can act as pathways for fluids circulating through the seafloor, which provides a significant cooling effect for the young plate. The interplay of magmatic activity, faulting and fluid circulation is evident at many different ridges with different magmatic activity and spreading rates. Flip‐flop faulting is restricted to only a few ridge sections worldwide, and we here investigate the prerequisites for this special spreading mode. To do so, we set up a computer model of an ultraslow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridge including the effects of sparse magmatism as well as the cooling effect associated with fluid circulation. We find that feedbacks between faulting dynamics, hydrothermal cooling and magmatic activity control the magnitude and spatial location of each individual process. Seafloor and subsurface observations are best explained by calculations with moderate melt input and hydrothermal circulation acting together. Key Points We implemented hydrothermal cooling and magmatic intrusion in a thermo‐mechanical model to explain detachment faulting at ultraslow ridges Stable flip‐flop detachment faulting is observed for setups considering both melt input and hydrothermal heat fluxes at realistic magnitudes Two other faulting modes frequently observed in our model offer potential alternative interpretations for existing seafloor observations
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  • 8
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    CS2 Cycling in Seawater: Dark Production and UV Light Driven Consumption (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Carbon disulfide (CS2) has recently gained attention as an important precursor for the atmospheric trace gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS), which delivers sulfur to the stratospheric sulfur layer and impacts the radiative budget of the Earth. CS2 is naturally produced in the ocean and emitted to the atmosphere. However, the magnitude of its marine emissions is only poorly constrained due to lacking understanding of its production and consumption processes. Here, we present incubation experiments with and without UV light treatment and provide evidence for a previously not considered UV-light-driven degradation process of CS2 in seawater, following first-order kinetics. In addition to its already known photochemical production process, CS2 production is found in the dark, depending on the amount of dissolved organic sulfur present in seawater. We provide novel production and consumption rates of CS2 in seawater that pave the way toward mechanistically quantifying marine emissions of this important trace gas. Key Points: - Carbon disulfide in seawater is degraded by UV light at time scales of days - Carbon disulfide is produced in seawater without UV light at rates comparable to photochemical production - Carbon disulfide dark production is limited by dissolved organic sulfur
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  • 9
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    Slow Slip Events in New Zealand: Irregular, yet Predictable? (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Current earthquake forecasting approaches are mainly based on probabilistic assumptions, as earthquakes seem to occur randomly. Such apparent randomness can however be caused by deterministic chaos, rendering deterministic short‐term forecasts possible. Due to the short historical and instrumental record of earthquakes, chaos detection has proven challenging, but more frequently occurring slow slip events (SSE) are promising candidates to probe for determinism. Here, we characterize the SSE signatures obtained from GNSS position time series in the Hikurangi Subduction Zone (New Zealand) to investigate whether the seemingly random SSE occurrence is governed by chaotic determinism. We find evidence for deterministic chaos for stations recording shallow SSEs, suggesting that short‐term deterministic forecasting of SSEs, similar to weather forecasts, might indeed be possible over timescales of a few weeks. We anticipate that our findings could open the door for next‐generation SSE forecasting, adding new tools to existing probabilistic approaches. Plain Language Summary Since earthquakes appear to occur randomly, the currently available probabilistic predictions are based on past earthquake records. These predictions estimate the likelihood of an earthquake of a given magnitude occurring within a defined time period. In contrast to such probabilistic approaches, deterministic systems are fully predictable, albeit often confined to short time scales due to their potential chaotic behavior. Probing for deterministic predictability in the earthquake cycle is intractable due to the limited historical instrumental record. However, frequently occurring slow slip events ‐ captured by transient GNSS displacements that can last several weeks ‐ provide a unique opportunity to explore deterministic predictability in these types of slow earthquakes. By studying GNSS time series from various stations on New Zealand’s North Island, we have discovered evidence suggesting that these irregularly occurring slow slip events might be governed by chaotic determinism. This implies the potential to forecast both timing and magnitude of slow slip events a few weeks in advance using deterministic methods, much like we predict weather patterns. Consequently, our theoretical findings could therefore pave the way for innovative approaches to short‐term slow slip forecasting. Key Points Nonlinear analysis of GNSS displacement time series unveils evidence for deterministic chaos in slow slip events in New Zealand Our theoretical findings imply that irregularly occurring slow slip events could potentially be forecasted a few weeks in advance
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  • 10
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    Deep Fault‐Controlled Fluid Flow Driving Shallow Stratigraphically Constrained Gas Hydrate Formation: Urutī Basin, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Hikurangi Margin east of New Zealand's North Island hosts an extensive gas hydrate province with numerous gas hydrate accumulations related to the faulted structure of the accretionary wedge. One such hydrate feature occurs in a small perched upper‐slope basin known as Urutī Basin. We investigated this hydrate accumulation by combining a long‐offset seismic line (10‐km‐long receiver array) with a grid of high‐resolution seismic lines acquired with a 600‐m‐long hydrophone streamer. The long‐offset data enable quantitative velocity analysis, while the high‐resolution data constrain the three‐dimensional geometry of the hydrate accumulation. The sediments in Urutī Basin dip landward due to ongoing deformation of the accretionary wedge. These strata are clearly imaged in seismic data where they cross a distinct bottom simulating reflection (BSR) that dips counterintuitively in the opposite direction to the regional dip of the seafloor. BSR‐derived heat flow estimates reveal a distinct heat flow anomaly that coincides spatially with the upper extent of a landward‐verging thrust fault. We present a conceptual model of this gas hydrate system that highlights the roles of fault‐controlled fluid flow at depth merging into strata‐controlled fluid flow into the hydrate stability zone. The result is a layer‐constrained accumulation of concentrated gas hydrate in the dipping strata. Our study provides new insight into the interplay between deep faulting, fluid flow and gas hydrate formation within an active accretionary margin. Plain Language Summary Gas hydrates are ice‐like substances in which natural gas molecules are trapped in a cage of water molecules. They exist where the pressure is high, temperature is cold, and enough methane is present. These conditions exist in the marine environment at water depths greater than 300–500 m near sediment‐rich continental margins and in polar regions. It is important to study gas hydrates because they represent a significant part of the Earth's carbon budget and influence the flow of methane into the oceans and atmosphere. In this study, we use the seismic reflection method to generate images of gas‐hydrate‐bearing marine sediments east of New Zealand. Our data reveal an intriguing relationship between deep‐sourced fluid flow upward along a tectonic fault, and shallower flow through dipping sediments. This complex fluid flow pattern has led to disruption of the gas hydrate system and the formation of concentrated gas hydrate deposits within the dipping sediments. Our study highlights the relationships between relatively deep tectonic processes (faulting and fluid flow) and the shallow process of gas hydrate formation in an active subduction zone. Key Points A distinct gas‐hydrate to free‐gas transition is mapped using high‐ and low‐frequency seismic data Gas and hydrate accumulations in the Urutī Basin are controlled by the structural setting, ongoing deep‐sourced fluid flow, and near surface stratigraphy Regions of high modeled heat flow can be directly related to accumulations of gas and gas hydrates
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  • 11
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    Can Glacial Sea‐Level Drop‐Induced Gas Hydrate Dissociation Cause Submarine Landslides? (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: We conducted two‐dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the mechanisms underlying the strong spatiotemporal correlation observed between submarine landslides and gas hydrate dissociation due to glacial sea‐level drops. Our results suggest that potential plastic deformation or slip could occur at localized and small scales in the shallow‐water portion of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). This shallow‐water portion of the GHSZ typically lies within the area enclosed by three points: the BGHSZ–seafloor intersection, the seafloor at ∼600 m below sea level (mbsl), and the base of the GHSZ (BGHSZ) at ∼1,050 mbsl in low‐latitude regions. The deep BGHSZ (〉1,050 mbsl) could not slip; therefore, the entire BGHSZ was not a complete slip surface. Glacial hydrate dissociation alone is unlikely to cause large‐scale submarine landslides. Observed deep‐water (much greater than 600 mbsl) turbidites containing geochemical evidence of glacial hydrate dissociation potentially formed from erosion or detachment in the GHSZ pinch‐out zone. Plain Language Summary Many submarine landslides spatiotemporally correlate with gas hydrate dissociation. However, direct mechanical evidence supporting whether the overpressure and deformation due to glacial sea‐level drop‐induced hydrate dissociation are adequate for triggering submarine landslides is lacking. Here, we present two‐dimensional thermal‐hydraulic‐chemical and geomechanical models of a gas‐hydrate system in response to glacial sea‐level drops and conduct sensitivity analyses of the model behavior under a wide range of key conditions from a global perspective. Our simulations suggest that glacial hydrate dissociation might induce plastic deformation or slip at localized and small scales only possibly within the shallow‐water portion of the hydrate stability zone. The deep part (〉1,050 m below sea level) of the bottom boundary of the hydrate stability zone could not slip; therefore, the entire bottom boundary of the hydrate stability zone was not a complete slip surface. We demonstrate that glacial hydrate dissociation alone is unlikely to trigger large‐scale submarine landslides. Our work highlights the vicinity of the upper limit of the hydrate stability zone (where the base of the hydrate stability zone intersects the seafloor) as an important area for investigating overpressure and focused fluid flow, localized plastic deformation or slip, and downslope sediment transport related to glacial hydrate dissociation. Key Points Glacial hydrate dissociation might cause potential plastic deformation or slip at localized and small scales in shallow parts of the GHSZ The large deformation surface at the BGHSZ boundary of the potential plastic deformation zone was not a complete slip surface Glacial sea‐level drop‐induced gas hydrate dissociation alone is unlikely to have caused large‐scale submarine landslides
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  • 12
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    Characterizing Offshore Freshened Groundwater Salinity Patterns Using Trans-Dimensional Bayesian Inversion of Controlled Source Electromagnetic Data: A Case Study From the Canterbury Bight, New Zealand (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The study of offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) is gaining importance due to population growth and environmental pressure on coastal water resources. Marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods can effectively map the spatial extent of OFG systems using electrical resistivity as a proxy. Integrating these resistivity models with sub-surface properties, such as host-rock porosity, allows for estimates of pore-water salinity. However, evaluating the uncertainty in pore-water salinity using resistivity models obtained from deterministic inversion approaches presents challenges, as they provide only one best-fit model, with no associated estimate of uncertainty. To address this limitation, we employ trans-dimensional Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo inversion on marine time-domain CSEM data, acquired in the Canterbury Bight, New Zealand. We integrate resistivity posterior probability distributions with borehole and seismic reflection data to estimate pore-water salinity with corresponding uncertainty estimates. The results highlight a low-salinity groundwater body in the center of the survey area, hosted by consecutive silty- and fine-sand layers approximately 20–60 km from the coast. The posterior probability distribution of resistivity models indicates freshening of the OFG body toward the shoreline within a permeable, coarse-sand layer 40–150 m beneath the seafloor, suggesting an active connection between the OFG body and the terrestrial groundwater system. The approach demonstrates how Bayesian inversion constrains the uncertainties in resistivity models and subsequently in pore-water salinity estimates. Our findings highlight the potential of Bayesian inversion to enhance our understanding of OFG systems and provide uncertainty constraints for hydrogeological modeling, thereby contributing to sustainable water resource development. Key Points A Bayesian workflow is employed to evaluate uncertainty in pore-water salinity estimates Offshore groundwater in Canterbury Bight stores freshened pore-water in fine-grained sediments, likely extending from the onshore aquifer Correlation between pore-water salinities and seismic-derived stratigraphy provides boundary conditions for hydrogeological modeling Plain Language Summary Geophysical methods that measure the electromagnetic properties of the Earth are effective in investigating freshwater sources beneath the seafloor. By combining the geophysical and geological information, we can better assess the quality of this groundwater. In this study, we develop a workflow that uses statistical methods to integrate electromagnetic observations with borehole and acoustic measurements along the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand. We aim to improve our understanding of the groundwater quality beneath the seafloor. Our research confirms the presence of freshened groundwater within the sandy seafloor up to 60 km from the coastline. Importantly, our observations indicate that the groundwater quality increases toward the coast. These findings are significant as they enhance the hydrogeological modeling of the groundwater system and suggest its potential as a source of freshwater.
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    PickBlue: Seismic phase picking for ocean bottom seismometers with deep learning (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Detecting phase arrivals and pinpointing the arrival times of seismic phases in seismograms is crucial for many seismological analysis workflows. For land station data, machine learning methods have already found widespread adoption. However, deep learning approaches are not yet commonly applied to ocean bottom data due to a lack of appropriate training data and models. Here, we compiled an extensive and labeled ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data set from 15 deployments in different tectonic settings, comprising ∼90,000 P and ∼63,000 S manual picks from 13,190 events and 355 stations. We propose PickBlue, an adaptation of the two popular deep learning networks EQTransformer and PhaseNet. PickBlue joint processes three seismometer recordings in conjunction with a hydrophone component and is trained with the waveforms in the new database. The performance is enhanced by employing transfer learning, where initial weights are derived from models trained with land earthquake data. PickBlue significantly outperforms neural networks trained with land stations and models trained without hydrophone data. The model achieves a mean absolute deviation of 0.05 s for P-waves and 0.12 s for S-waves, and we apply the picker on the Hikurangi Ocean Bottom Tremor and Slow Slip OBS deployment offshore New Zealand. We integrate our data set and trained models into SeisBench to enable an easy and direct application in future deployments. Key Points We assembled a database of ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) waveforms and manual P and S picks, on which we train PickBlue, a deep learning picker Our picker significantly outperforms pickers trained with land-based data with confidence values reflecting the likelihood of outlier picks The picker and database are available in the SeisBench platform, allowing easy and direct application to OBS traces and hydrophone records
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  • 14
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    Allochthonous Groundwater Microorganisms Affect Coastal Seawater Microbial Abundance, Activity and Diversity (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a globally important process supplying nutrients and trace elements to the coastal environment, thus playing a pivotal role in sustaining marine primary productivity. Along with nutrients, groundwater also contains allochthonous microbes that are discharged from the terrestrial subsurface into the sea. Currently, little is known about the interactions between groundwater‐borne and coastal seawater microbial populations, and groundwater microbes' role upon introduction to coastal seawater populations. Here, we investigated seawater microbial abundance, activity and diversity in a site strongly influenced by SGD. In addition, through laboratory‐controlled bottle incubations, we mimicked different mixing scenarios between groundwater and seawater. Our results demonstrate that the addition of 0.1 μm filtered groundwater stimulated heterotrophic activity and increased microbial abundance compared to control coastal seawater, whereas 0.22 μm filtration treatments induced primary productivity and Synechococcus growth. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a strong shift from a SAR11‐rich community in the control samples to Rhodobacteraceae dominance in the 〈0.1 μm treatment, in agreement with Rhodobacteraceae enrichment in the SGD field site. These results suggest that microbes delivered by SGD may affect the abundance, activity and diversity of intrinsic microbes in coastal seawater, highlighting the cryptic interplay between groundwater and seawater microbes in coastal environments, which has important implications for carbon cycling. Plain Language Summary Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important process where groundwater flows into the ocean along the coast. When the groundwater mixes with seawater, the microbes from both sources interact with each other, which can impact the diversity, activity, and amount of microbes in the coastal environment. Currently, little is known about how groundwater‐borne microbes affect marine microbial populations. Our research shows that when groundwater microbes are removed before mixing groundwater with seawater, the abundance and activity of certain microbes that consume organic matter significantly increase. Additionally, we noticed a significant difference in the types of microbes present between the sites where SGD occurs versus background (uninfluenced) coastal water, especially in terms of the microbes that consume organic matter. Overall, this study suggests that there is a connection between groundwater and seawater microbes, which can influence the delicate balance between organisms that produce carbon and those that consume it. This has important implications for how carbon cycles globally. Key Points Groundwater discharge into the coastal zone delivers both nutrients and allochthonous microbes Groundwater microbes interact with seawater populations, by which affecting the delicate autotroph‐heterotroph balance Subterranean microbial processes are key drivers of food webs, potentially affecting biogenic carbon fluxes in the ocean
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  • 15
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    Mechanisms Underpinning the Net Removal Rates of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Global Ocean (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: With almost 700 Pg of carbon, marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stores more carbon than all living biomass on Earth combined. However, the controls behind the persistence and the spatial patterns of DOC concentrations on the basin scale remain largely unknown, precluding quantitative assessments of the fate of this large carbon pool in a changing climate. Net removal rates of DOC along the overturning circulation suggest lifetimes of millennia. These net removal rates are in stark contrast to the turnover times of days to weeks of heterotrophic microorganisms, which are the main consumers of organic carbon in the ocean. Here, we present a dynamic “MICrobial DOC” model (MICDOC) with an explicit representation of picoheterotrophs to test whether ecological mechanisms may lead to observed decadal to millennial net removal rates. MICDOC is in line with 〉40,000 DOC observations. Contrary to other global models, the reactivity of DOC fractions is not prescribed, but emerges from a dynamic feedback between microbes and DOC governed by carbon and macronutrient availability. A colimitation of macronutrients and organic carbon on microbial DOC uptake explains 〉70% of the global variation of DOC concentrations, and governs characteristic features of its distribution. Here, decadal to millennial net removal rates emerge from microbial processes acting on time scales of days to weeks, suggesting that the temporal variability of the marine DOC inventory may be larger than previously thought. With MICDOC, we provide a foundation for assessing global effects on DOC related to changes in heterotrophic microbial communities in a future ocean Plain Language Summary The ocean stores more carbon as dissolved organic compounds (DOC) than all animals and plants on land and the oceans combined. However, numerical models used for future climate scenarios lack an implementation of processes transforming DOC back to CO 2 by marine microorganisms. Here, we present a global dynamical ocean model that explicitly considers the processes of DOC degradation by marine microorganisms. In the present ocean, the availability of organic carbon but also nitrogen and phosphorus control the amount of carbon stored as DOC, as the lack of these nutrients inhibits its degradation by bacteria. The identification of these ecological controls allows a quantitative assessment of the fate of this large carbon reservoir in the future. The findings indicate that the marine DOC reservoir is potentially more dynamic than previously thought, since decadal to millennial scale net removal rates might be a result of microbial processes acting on shorter time scales Key Points A model to reconcile millennial‐scale bulk dissolved organic carbon degradation rates and short‐term microbial turnover times is presented Macronutrient colimitation can explain observed concentration patterns of dissolved organic carbon in the surface ocean Continuous microbial reworking suggests a higher temporal variability of the marine dissolved organic matter inventory than previously thought
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  • 16
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    Advancing Eddy Parameterizations: Dynamic Energy Backscatter and the Role of Subgrid Energy Advection and Stochastic Forcing (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Viscosity in the momentum equation is needed for numerical stability, as well as to arrest the direct cascade of enstrophy at grid scales. However, a viscous momentum closure tends to over-dissipate eddy kinetic energy. To return excessively dissipated energy to the system, the viscous closure is equipped with what is called dynamic kinetic energy backscatter. The amplitude of backscatter is based on the amount of unresolved kinetic energy (UKE). This energy is tracked through space and time via a prognostic equation. Our study proposes to add advection of UKE by the resolved flow to that equation to explicitly consider the effects of nonlocality on the subgrid energy budget. UKE can consequently be advected by the resolved flow before it is reinjected via backscatter. Furthermore, we suggest incorporating a stochastic element into the UKE equation to account for missing small-scale variability, which is not present in the purely deterministic approach. The implementations are tested on two intermediate complexity setups of the global ocean model FESOM2: an idealized channel setup and a double-gyre setup. The impacts of these additional terms are analyzed, highlighting increased eddy activity and improved flow characteristics when advection and carefully tuned, stochastic sources are incorporated into the UKE budget. Additionally, we provide diagnostics to gain further insights into the effects of scale separation between the viscous dissipation operator and the backscatter operator responsible for the energy injection. Oceanic swirls or "eddies" have a typical size of 10-100 km, which is close to the smallest scales that global ocean models commonly resolve. For physical and numerical reasons, these models require the addition of artificial terms that influence the flow near its smallest scales. Common approaches have the drawback of introducing systematic loss of kinetic energy contained in the eddies, which leads to errors that also affect the oceanic circulation on global scales. In our research, we compensate for this error by returning some of the missing energy back into the simulation, using a so-called kinetic energy backscatter scheme. In this work, we continue the development of an already existing and successful backscatter scheme, adding certain improvements to the way energy is budgeted and returned to the flow: we ensure that the local energy budget is attached to each fluid parcel as it is transported by the large-scale flow, and we also add a random forcing term that mimics unknown sources of such energy to bring its statistical properties closer to reality. We demonstrate that these modifications effectively improve the characteristics of the simulated flow. Extension of the subgrid energy equation of the kinetic energy backscatter parameterization by adding advection and a stochastic term Both additional terms improve several flow characteristics in two idealized test cases, a channel and a double-gyre Scale analysis reveals the necessity of sufficient scale separation between viscous energy dissipation and energy injection via backscatter. Key Points: - Extension of the subgrid energy equation of the kinetic energy backscatter parameterization by adding advection and a stochastic term - Both additional terms improve several flow characteristics in two idealized test cases, a channel and a double-gyre - Scale analysis reveals the necessity of sufficient scale separation between viscous energy dissipation and energy injection via backscatter
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    Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the Decadal Variability of the Upper Subtropical‐Tropical Atlantic Ocean (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: In the northeastern tropical Atlantic, a region of high potential vorticity (PV) determines the size of the exchange window for the interior thermocline flow of the subtropical cell via its variations in strength and extent. Variability of this PV barrier has the potential to impact the ventilation of the tropical Atlantic on decadal timescales. Here, the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the PV barrier related to isopycnals within the thermocline of the subtropical-tropical Atlantic Ocean is assessed from Argo observations for the time period of 2006-2022. Relative to the negative NAO phase (2009-2010), during the positive NAO phase (2014-2019), the North Atlantic subtropical high and the northeast trades are intensified. Satellite-derived wind stress curl shows increased upwelling/downwelling on the equatorward/poleward side of the trade wind zone, respectively. In the subtropical-tropical Atlantic, a symmetric pattern of isopycnal heave is observed: rising isopycnals within 20 degrees N and 20 degrees S and sinking poleward of that. With rising isopycnals, the PV barrier in the northeastern tropical Atlantic becomes stronger. Analyses of geostrophic velocities and the Sverdrup streamfunction show that during the positive NAO phase there are increased equatorward velocities at thermocline level along the western boundary and reduced velocities through the interior as a result of intensified northeast trades and therefore a strengthened PV barrier. Intensified trades lead to enhanced subduction of thermocline waters and, independent of that, to a strengthened Equatorial Undercurrent transport as observed at the mooring site at 0 degrees, 23 degrees W, likely via the pulling effect of the subtropical cells. In the North Atlantic Ocean, subducted water from the subtropics has two possible pathways within the thermocline toward the equatorial region: the interior pathway and the pathway along the western boundary. The size of the exchange window between subtropics and tropics depends on the extent of a barrier zone in the eastern part of the basin that is associated with wind-driven upwelling of density surfaces. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the dominant atmospheric climate mode in the North Atlantic and in this study, we show how the NAO impacts the barrier for the equatorward thermocline flow in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. During positive NAO phases (e.g., 2014-2019), density surfaces become shallower and strengthen the barrier, while during negative NAO phases (e.g., 2009-2010) the barrier weakens. Geostrophic velocity analysis reveals that during positive NAO phases more thermocline water is transported equatorward via the western boundary and less via the interior pathway. Additionally, observations from a mooring site at 0 degrees, 23 degrees W show stronger Equatorial Undercurrent transport as a result of intensified trade winds during positive NAO phases. Trade winds in the northeastern tropical Atlantic strengthen during positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) Potential vorticity barrier for the interior equatorward thermocline flow of the North Atlantic Subtropical Cell strengthens during NAO+ Annual subduction of thermocline water and Equatorial Undercurrent transport increase simultaneously from 2008 to 2018
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    Costs of Dust Collection by Trichodesmium : Effect on Buoyancy and Toxic Metal Release (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: The marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium has the remarkable ability to interact with and utilize air‐borne dust as a nutrient source. However, dust may adversely affect Trichodesmium through buoyancy loss and exposure to toxic metals. Our study explored the effect of desert dust on buoyancy and mortality of natural Red Sea puff‐shaped Trichodesmium thiebautii . Sinking velocities and ability of individual colonies to stay afloat with increasing dust loads were studied in sedimentation chambers. Low dust loads of up to ∼400 ng per colony did not impact initial sinking velocity and colonies remained afloat in the chamber. Above this threshold, sinking velocity increased linearly with the colony dust load at a slope matching prediction based on Stoke's law. The potential toxicity of dust was assessed with regards to metal dissolution kinetics, differentiating between rapidly released metals, which may impact surface blooms, and gradually released metals that may impact dust‐centering colonies. Incubations with increasing dust concentrations revealed colony death, but the observed lethal dose far exceeded dust concentrations measured in coastal and open ocean systems. Removal of toxic particles as a mechanism to reduce toxicity was explored using SEM‐EDX imaging of colonies incubated with Cu‐minerals, yet observations did not support this pathway. Combining our current and former experiments, we suggest that in natural settings the nutritional benefits gained by Trichodesmium via dust collection outweigh the risks of buoyancy loss and toxicity. Our data and concepts feed into the growing recognition of the significance of dust for Trichodesmium 's ecology and subsequently to ocean productivity. Plain Language Summary Trichodesmium spp. are abundant cyanobacteria, forming extensive blooms in low latitude warm oceans, and contribute significantly to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fixation, recycling and export. Desert dust deposited on the ocean surface was shown to supply Trichodesmium with the scarce micronutrient iron. Spherical, millimeter‐sized colonies of Trichodesmium from different ocean basins were reported to actively accumulate dust in their cores. While dust accumulation likely helps Trichodesmium obtain nutrients, it may come at a cost. Metals released from dust may induce toxicity and the dust weight could send Trichodesmium to the ocean depth. Our experimental study with natural Red Sea colonies examined some trade‐offs of dust accumulation. Links between dust load and colony buoyancy were examined in sedimentation experiments. Toxicity thresholds for surface blooms and dust‐accumulating colonies were determined from mortality assays and dust dissolution measurements. We found that metal‐induced toxicity to Trichodesmium is unlikely at typical oceanic dust fluxes, and that dust‐containing colonies can remain buoyant. At high loads, dust weight determined the colony's sinking velocity. Our findings and concepts can be extended to additional aerosols and Trichodesmium ‐rich habitats, and may assist in assessing Trichodesmium 's distribution, ecophysiology, and contribution to C or N transport to the deep ocean. Key Points Dust collected by Trichodesmium colonies from seawater as a nutrient source may result in metal toxification and buoyancy loss At moderate dust loads, colonies kept their buoyancy, but above 400 ng, sinking velocities increased linearly with dust loads Desert dust induced Trichodesmium mortality through toxic metal release, yet the lethal dose far exceeded oceanic dust concentrations
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    Inverting Geodetic Strain Rates for Slip Deficit Rate in Complex Deforming Zones: An Application to the New Zealand Plate Boundary (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: The potential for future earthquakes on faults is often inferred from inversions of geodetically derived surface velocities for locking on faults using kinematic models such as block models. This can be challenging in complex deforming zones with many closely spaced faults or where deformation is not readily described with block motions. Furthermore, surface strain rates are more directly related to coupling on faults than surface velocities. We present a methodology for estimating slip deficit rate directly from strain rate and apply it to New Zealand for the purpose of incorporating geodetic data in the 2022 revision of the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. The strain rate inversions imply slightly higher slip deficit rates than the preferred geologic slip rates on sections of the major strike‐slip systems including the Alpine Fault, the Marlborough Fault System and the northern part of the North Island Fault System. Slip deficit rates are significantly lower than even the lowest geologic estimates on some strike‐slip faults in the southern North Island Fault System near Wellington. Over the entire plate boundary, geodetic slip deficit rates are systematically higher than geologic slip rates for faults slipping less than one mm/yr but lower on average for faults with slip rates between about 5 and 25 mm/yr. We show that 70%–80% of the total strain rate field can be attributed to elastic strain due to fault coupling. The remaining 20%–30% shows systematic spatial patterns of strain rate style that is often consistent with local geologic style of faulting. Plain Language Summary The potential for future earthquakes on faults is often inferred from velocities of the ground surface derived from satellite geodesy, but this approach can be challenging in complex deforming zones with many closely spaced faults. We present a new methodology for estimating the rate at which energy is accumulating on faults using measurements of surface strain rates. The method is applied to New Zealand for the purpose of incorporating geodetic data in the 2022 revision of the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. We show that 70%–80% of the total deformation field can be attributed to energy accumulation on known active faults while the source of the remaining 20%–30% remains unknown. Along some of the major faults in New Zealand we find some important differences in rates of energy accumulation from what is expected from geologic data. Estimated rates are significantly lower than even the lowest geologic estimates on some faults in the fault system near highly‐populated Wellington. Key Points We develop a method to invert geodetically derived strain rates for slip deficit rates on faults We find small but systematic differences between slip deficit rates and geologic slip rates About 70%–80% of the surface strain can be attributed to elastic strain due to coupling on faults
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    Low‐Frequency Earthquakes Downdip of Deep Slow Slip Beneath the North Island of New Zealand (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: We report the first catalog of low‐frequency earthquakes in the Hikurangi subduction zone, located beneath the Kaimanawa Range of the North Island at 50 km depth, downdip of regularly recurring (every 4–5 years) deep M7 slow slip events. To systematically detect low‐frequency earthquakes within the regional continuous seismic data, we utilized a matched‐filter approach with template waveforms derived from previous observations of tectonic tremor. We built our catalog of 36 low‐frequency earthquake sources, that produced almost 21,000 events over more than a decade, with two matched‐filter search iterations. In each iteration, the detections were gathered into families and their coherent waveforms processed and stacked to extract high‐quality waveforms, allowing us to pick seismic phase arrivals to locate the low‐frequency earthquakes. We highlight three characteristic features to validate that our detected events are indeed low‐frequency earthquakes: the eponymous deficit of high frequencies in their seismic waveforms, the episodic swarms of activity that define their activity through time, and their location at the plate boundary with a double‐couple source mechanism and geometry consistent with the subduction interface. Considering the observed low‐frequency earthquakes' relationship to neighboring slow slip, we observe the event swarms to occur much more frequently than the M7 slow slip events located just updip. Similar to other deep low‐frequency earthquakes in other subduction zones, we suggest that this characteristic clustering in time is driven by more frequent, smaller slow slip events that are not clearly observable at the surface. Plain Language Summary Slow slip is episodic fault slip that lasts days, weeks or months, rather than the rapid ruptures of regular earthquakes. Geodetic observations of the surface displacement produced by slow slip suggest that their timing and location influence the seismic cycle of nearby faults and may even trigger large earthquakes. Although slow slip does not produce seismic radiation itself, slow slip is often accompanied by tiny repetitive seismic signals. These tiny seismic events, called low‐frequency earthquakes, can act as a powerful indicator of when and where slow slip is happening. In this study, we develop a new approach to detect low‐frequency earthquakes within continuous seismic waveforms, revealing the first observations of low‐frequency earthquakes in the Hikurangi subduction zone beneath the North Island of New Zealand. Our catalog of low‐frequency earthquakes suggests a complex pattern of slow fault slip at depth, with more frequent activity than geodetic data alone would suggest. The observed low‐frequency earthquake activity in the Hikurangi subduction zone thus represents a unique opportunity to study the slip history at depth beneath the North Island of New Zealand. Key Points 36 low‐frequency earthquake sources are extracted from continuous waveforms through template matching, deblurring, and unsupervised learning Low‐frequency earthquake sources locate close to the plate boundary with source mechanisms consistent with the subduction interface Detected low‐frequency earthquakes are likely triggered by small, frequent, and deep slow slip not geodetically observable at the surface
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    Accuracy of Ocean CO 2 Uptake Estimates at a Risk by a Reduction in the Data Collection (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: Observation‐based quantification of ocean carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) uptake relies on synthesis data sets such as the Surface Ocean CO 2 ATlas (SOCAT). However, the data collection effort has dramatically declined and the number of annual data sets in SOCATv2023 decreased by ∼35% from 2017 to 2021. This decline has led to a 65% increase (from 0.15 to 0.25 Pg C yr −1 ) in the standard deviation of seven SOCAT‐based air‐sea CO 2 flux estimates. Reducing the availability of the annual data to that in the year 2000 creates substantial bias (50%) in the long‐term flux trend. The annual mean CO 2 flux is insensitive to the seasonal skew of the SOCAT data and to the addition of the lower accuracy data set available in SOCAT. Our study highlights the need for sustained data collection and synthesis, to inform the Global Carbon Budget assessment, the UN‐led climate negotiations, and measurement, reporting, and verification of ocean‐based CO 2 removal projects. Plain Language Summary The Surface Ocean CO 2 ATlas (SOCAT) data set plays a crucial role in estimating the ocean carbon sink component of the Global Carbon Budget. However, the number of data sets available in SOCAT each year has drastically decreased since 2017. This study shows that the uncertainty in the data‐based ocean CO 2 flux estimate has increased by 65% due to this decline in data availability. The estimated fluxes, especially the long‐term flux trend, are remarkably affected by the data availability in SOCAT, reducing the reliability of ocean CO 2 uptake estimates in years and regions with sparse observations. Key Points Lower surface ocean f CO 2 data availability leads to higher uncertainty in data‐based estimates of ocean CO 2 uptake The long‐term trend in the ocean CO 2 flux increases by 1.5 times for subsequent years if the data availability is reduced to that in 2000 The annual mean CO 2 flux is not sensitive to the seasonal skew in the data and to the addition of low accuracy data
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    Using NIW Observations to Assess Mixed Layer Parameterizations: A Case Study in the Tropical Atlantic (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: Tropical sea surface temperature (SST) biases can cause atmospheric biases on global scales, hence SST needs to be represented well in climate models. A major source of uncertainties is the representation of turbulent mixing in the oceanic boundary layer, or mixed layer (ML). In the present study we focus on near-inertial wave (NIW) induced mixing. The performance of two mixing schemes, Turbulent Kinetic Energy and K-profile parameterization (KPP), is assessed at two sites (11.5°N, 23°W and 15°N, 38°W) in the tropical Atlantic. At 11.5°N, turbulence observations (eddy diffusivities, shear and stratification) are available for comparison. We find that the schemes differ in their representation of NIWs, but both under-represent the observed enhanced diffusivities below the observed ML. However, we find that the models do mix below the ML at 15°N when a storm passes nearby. The near-inertial oscillations remain below the ML for the following 10 days. Near-inertial kinetic energy (NIKE) biases in the models are not directly correlated with the wind speed, the MLD biases, or the stratification at the ML base. Instead, NIKE biases are sensitive to the vertical mixing scheme parameterization. NIKE biases are lowest when the KPP scheme is used. Key Points: - Observations of inertial oscillations are used to evaluate the performance of two vertical mixing schemes in two high-resolution models - Both the K-profile parameterization and the Turbulent Kinetic Energy closure underestimate the NIW-induced mixing - Near-inertial kinetic energy biases are sensitive to the vertical mixing parameterization
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    Influence of GIA Uncertainty on Climate Model Evaluation With GRACE/GRACE‐FO Satellite Gravimetry Data (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-28
    Description: Global coupled climate models are in continuous need for evaluation against independent observations to reveal systematic model deficits and uncertainties. Changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) as measured by satellite gravimetry missions GRACE and GRACE-FO provide valuable information on wetting and drying trends over the continents. Challenges arising from a comparison of observed and modelled water storage trends are related to gravity observations including non-water related variations such as, for example, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Therefore, correcting secular changes in the Earth's gravity field caused by ongoing GIA is important for the monitoring of long-term changes in terrestrial water from GRACE in particular in former ice-covered regions. By utilizing a new ensemble of 56 individual realizations of GIA signals based on perturbations of mantle viscosities and ice history, we find that many of those alternative GIA corrections change the direction of GRACE-derived water storage trends, for example, from gaining mass into drying conditions, in particular in Eastern Canada. The change in the sign of the TWS trends subsequently impacts the conclusions drawn from using GRACE as observational basis for the evaluation of climate models as it influences the dis-/agreement between observed and modelled wetting/drying trends. A modified GIA correction, a combined GRACE/GRACE-FO data record extending over two decades, and a new generation of climate model experiments leads to substantially larger continental areas where wetting/drying trends currently observed by satellite missions coincide with long-term predictions obtained from climate model experiments.
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  • 24
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    Geomorphology and Age Constraints of Seamounts in the Cabo Verde Archipelago, and Their Relationship to Island Ages and Geodynamic Evolution (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-28
    Description: The Cabo Verde Archipelago is related to a mantle plume located close to the rotational pole of the African Plate. It consists of islands and seamounts arranged in a horseshoe‐shaped pattern open to the west, thus forming two volcanic chains, each with a weak east‐west age progression. High‐resolution swath bathymetry of 12 Cabo Verde seamounts is used here to assign each seamount to its pre‐shield, shield or post‐shield evolutionary stage, respectively. The eastern seamounts exhibit degraded and partially eroded morphologies, and are mainly in their post‐shield stage. A new 40 Ar‐ 39 Ar date for Senghor Seamount at 14.872 ± 0.027 Ma supports old ages for the eastern seamounts. The western seamounts generally exhibit younger volcanic‐edifice‐construction morphologies, showing fresh effusive and explosive volcanics, including rarely observed deep‐water explosive volcanism in the Charles Darwin Volcanic Field. Furthermore, the two previously unknown seamounts Sodade and Tavares in the westernmost termini of both volcanic chains exhibit pristine volcanic morphologies, in agreement with present‐day volcanism and seismic activity recorded from the western seamounts. The islands and seamounts rest on three submarine platforms to the east, northwest and southwest, respectively. Taken together, the seamount and island data suggest a shift in igneous activity from the eastern to the other platforms at about 8–6 Ma. However, the complex evolution pattern for both volcanic chains includes the simultaneous occurrence of pre‐shield or shield edifices at any time, followed by erosional and rejuvenation stages. The new seamount data still demonstrate ongoing westward submarine‐growth in both volcanic chains. Plain Language Summary The Cabo Verde volcanic islands and seamounts are located in the central Atlantic Ocean, ∼570 km off the west coast of Africa. They form a horseshoe‐shaped archipelago with two volcanic chains, which were formed by the African plate moving very slowly over a mantle hotspot (the Cabo Verde Plume). Both the northern and southern volcanic chains show weak east‐to‐west age progressions from ∼26 million years to the present day. This study uses underwater topographic data and observations/rock sampling via remotely operated vehicles from 12 submarine volcanic seamounts, including two previously unknown seamounts, collected during four research cruises in the Cabo Verde Archipelago. Geomorphology is used to classify each seamount as being in its pre‐shield, shield or post‐shield evolutionary stage, respectively. Cabo Verde islands and seamounts rest on three submarine morphological platforms, reflecting westward jumps of the main igneous activity, and also confirming the westward migration of the Cabo Verde hotspot beneath both volcanic chains. Key Points We present bathymetrical maps of 12, in part previously uncharted Cabo Verde seamounts Geomorphology reflects various evolutionary seamount stages and relative ages. Four older seamounts indicate late Quaternary sea level lowstands Islands and seamounts rest on three morphological platforms, indicating westward jumps of the main igneous activity
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    “Seeing” Beneath the Clouds — Machine-Learning-Based Reconstruction of North African Dust Plumes (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-28
    Description: Mineral dust is one of the most abundant atmospheric aerosol species and has various far-reaching effects on the climate system and adverse impacts on air quality. Satellite observations can provide spatio-temporal information on dust emission and transport pathways. However, satellite observations of dust plumes are frequently obscured by clouds. We use a method based on established, machine-learning-based image in-painting techniques to restore the spatial extent of dust plumes for the first time. We train an artificial neural net (ANN) on modern reanalysis data paired with satellite-derived cloud masks. The trained ANN is applied to cloud-masked, gray-scaled images, which were derived from false color images indicating elevated dust plumes in bright magenta. The images were obtained from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager instrument onboard the Meteosat Second Generation satellite. We find up to 15% of summertime observations in West Africa and 10% of summertime observations in Nubia by satellite images miss dust plumes due to cloud cover. We use the new dust-plume data to demonstrate a novel approach for validating spatial patterns of the operational forecasts provided by the World Meteorological Organization Dust Regional Center in Barcelona. The comparison elucidates often similar dust plume patterns in the forecasts and the satellite-based reconstruction, but once trained, the reconstruction is computationally inexpensive. Our proposed reconstruction provides a new opportunity for validating dust aerosol transport in numerical weather models and Earth system models. It can be adapted to other aerosol species and trace gases. Key Points: - We present the first fast reconstruction of cloud-obscured Saharan dust plumes through novel machine learning applied to satellite images - The reconstruction algorithm utilizes partial convolutions to restore cloud-induced gaps in gray-scaled Meteosat Second Generation-Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager Dust RGB images - World Meteorological Organization dust forecasts for North Africa mostly agree with the satellite-based reconstruction of the dust plume extent
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    On the Mechanisms Driving Latent Heat Flux Variations in the Northwest Tropical Atlantic (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: The Northwest Tropical Atlantic (NWTA) is a region of complex surface ocean circulation. The most prominent feature is the North Brazil Current (NBC) and its retroflection at 8°N, which leads to the formation of numerous mesoscale eddies known as NBC rings. The NWTA also receives the outflow of the Amazon River, generating freshwater plumes that can extend up to 100,000 km2. We show that these two processes influence the spatial variability of the region's surface latent heat flux (LHF). On the one hand, the presence of surface freshwater modifies the vertical stratification of the ocean, the mixed layer heat budget, and thus the air-sea heat exchanges. On the other hand, NBC rings create a highly heterogeneous mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) field that directly influences the near-surface atmospheric circulation. These effects are illustrated by observations from the ElUcidating the RolE of Cloud-Circulation Coupling in ClimAte - Ocean Atmosphere (EUREC4A-OA) and Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC) experiments, satellite and reanalysis data. We decompose the LHF budget into several terms controlled by different atmospheric and oceanic processes to identify the mechanisms leading to LHF changes. We find LHF variations of up to 160 W m2, of which 100 W m2 are associated with wind speed changes and 40 W m2 with SST variations. Surface currents or heat release associated with stratification changes remain as second-order contributions with LHF variations of less than 10 W m2 each. This study highlights the importance of considering these three components to properly characterize LHF variability at different spatial scales, although it is limited by the scarcity of collocated observations. Key Points: - Latent heat flux (LHF) presents strong spatial variations in the northwest tropical Atlantic (NWTA), which has a complex ocean circulation - Surface winds and sea surface temperature are the major drivers of LHF changes. The Amazon plume remains as a second-order contributor - It is necessary to distinguish between spatial scales (mesoscale and below vs. large-scale) when assessing the ocean's influence on LHF
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    A Comprehensive Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Removal Options for Germany (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: To reach their net-zero targets, countries will have to compensate hard-to-abate CO2 emissions through carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Yet, current assessments rarely include socio-cultural or institutional aspects or fail to contextualize CDR options for implementation. Here we present a context-specific feasibility assessment of CDR options for the example of Germany. We assess 14 CDR options, including three chemical carbon capture options, six options for bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and five options that aim to increase ecosystem carbon uptake. The assessment addresses technological, economic, environmental, institutional, social-cultural and systemic considerations using a traffic-light system to evaluate implementation opportunities and hurdles. We find that in Germany CDR options like cover crops or seagrass restoration currently face comparably low implementation hurdles in terms of technological, economic, or environmental feasibility and low institutional or social opposition but show comparably small CO2 removal potentials. In contrast, some BECCS options that show high CDR potentials face significant techno-economic, societal and institutional hurdles when it comes to the geological storage of CO2. While a combination of CDR options is likely required to meet the net-zero target in Germany, the current climate protection law includes a limited set of options. Our analysis aims to provide comprehensive information on CDR hurdles and possibilities for Germany for use in further research on CDR options, climate, and energy scenario development, as well as an effective decision support basis for various actors. Key Points: - More context-specific assessments of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options are needed to guide national net-zero decision making - Ecosystem-based CDR options with comparably low implementation hurdles in Germany show relatively small CO2 removal potentials - High CDR potential options in Germany face high institutional, technological and societal hurdles linked in many ways to geological storage
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    Global Climatology of Low‐Level‐Jets: Occurrence, Characteristics, and Meteorological Drivers (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Low-level jets (LLJs), vertical profiles with a wind speed maxima in the lowest hundred meters of the troposphere, have multiple impacts in the Earth system, but a global present-day climatology based on contemporary data does not exist. We use the spatially and temporally complete data set from ERA5 reanalysis to compile a global climatology of LLJs for studying the formation mechanisms, characteristics, and trends during the period of 1992–2021. In the global mean, LLJs are detected 21% of the time with more cases over land (32%) than over the ocean (15%). We classified the LLJs into three categories: non-polar land (LLLJ), polar land (PLLJ), and coastal (CLLJ) LLJs. For LLLJ, the averaged frequency of occurrence is 20% and 75% of them are associated with a near-surface temperature inversion as a prerequisite for an inertial oscillation. PLLJs are also associated with a temperature inversion and occur even more frequently with 59% of the time. These are also the lowest and the strongest LLJs among the three categories. CLLJs are particularly frequent in some marine hotspots, situated along the west coast of continents, with neutral to unstable stratification close to the surfaces and a stably stratified layer aloft. We found distinct regional trends in both the frequency and intensity of LLJs over the past decades, which can have implications for the emission and transport of aerosols, and the transport of atmospheric moisture. Future studies could address changes in LLJs and the associated implications in more detail, based on the here released ERA5-based LLJ data. Key Points: - First global comprehensive low-level jet (LLJ) climatology using ERA5 - Polar LLJs are the strongest and most frequent among the detected types - Distinct past trends in regional LLJ frequency and intensity
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    Observations of Barrier Layer Seasonal Variation in the Banda Sea (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: The Banda Sea is of crucial importance for the circulation of the world's oceans, as it is part of the connection between the Pacific to the Indian Ocean. One peculiarity of the upper ocean hydrography in the Banda Sea is the occurrence of barrier layers. The regionality and temporal variability of barrier layer thickness (BLT) in the Banda Sea are examined in this study utilizing in-situ observations and ocean reanalysis output. It is found that a barrier layer occurs in over 90 % of the observational data profiles, and in over 72 % of those profiles, the BLT is shallower than 10 m. Furthermore, we find a seasonal cycle in BLT with a maximum thickness of about 60 m occurring during austral autumn and winter and coinciding with the presence of low saline waters fed by the regional river discharge and rainfall from the Java Sea and Makassar Strait. In addition, we identify the existence of a quasi-permanent anticyclonic circulation cell in the Banda Sea that may support the trapping of surface freshwater by retention. The anticyclonic circulation is most likely wind-driven because it coincides with the regional Ekman pumping pattern. Modulation of the anticyclone is via seasonal variability in the wind stress curl which in turn may explain the efficiency of freshwater retention and thus the BLT. The annual mean BLT distribution in the Banda Sea shows a preferential region of thickened barrier layers around 6o-8oS and 124o-126oE and resampling the pattern of the monthly mean climatology. Key Points: - First study estimating barrier layer thickness (BLT) in the Banda Sea using comprehensive observations - A quasi-permanent barrier layer exists in the Banda Sea with seasonal variation in occurrence and thickness - The intrusion of low saline waters and anticyclonic circulation are identified as the main mechanisms for creating and modulating the local BLT
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    Reconstruction of Cenozoic δ11Bsw Using A Gaussian Process (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Key Points: - We reconstruct the temporal evolution of seawater isotope ratios of boron, strontium, lithium, and osmium over the last 65 million years - The evolution of seawater boron isotope ratio shows similarity to the evolution of strontium, lithium and osmium isotope ratios - Randomly drawn, smooth time series are provided for use in uncertainty propagation in calculation of palaeo pH The boron isotope ratio of seawater (δ11Bsw) is a parameter which must be known to reconstruct palaeo pH and CO2 from boron isotope measurements of marine carbonates. Beyond a few million years ago, δ11Bsw is likely to have been different to modern. Palaeo δ11Bsw can be estimated by simultaneously constraining the vertical gradients in foraminiferal δ11B (Δδ11B) and pH (ΔpH). A number of subtly different techniques have been used to estimate ΔpH in the past, all broadly based on assumptions about vertical gradients in oxygen, and/or carbon, or other carbonate system constraints. In this work we pull together existing data from previous studies, alongside a constraint on the rate of change of δ11Bsw from modeling. We combine this information in an overarching statistical framework called a Gaussian Process. The Gaussian Process technique allows us to bring together data and constraints on the rate of change in δ11Bsw to generate random plausible evolutions of δ11Bsw. We reconstruct δ11Bsw, and by extension palaeo pH, across the last 65Myr using this novel methodology. Reconstructed δ11Bsw is compared to other seawater isotope ratios, namely ,87/86 Sr, 187/188 Os , and δ7Li, which we also reconstruct with Gaussian Processes. Our method provides a template for incorporation of future δ11Bsw constraints, and a mechanism for propagation of uncertainty in δ11Bsw into future studies.
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    Regional Variation in Extratropical North Atlantic Air‐Sea Interaction 1960–2020 (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-24
    Description: Air-sea interaction in late boreal winter is studied over the extratropical North Atlantic (NA) during 1960–2020 by examining the relationship between sea-surface temperature (SST) and total turbulent heat flux (THF). The two quantities are positively correlated on interannual timescales over the central-midlatitude and subpolar NA, suggesting the atmosphere on average drives SST and THF variability is independent of SST. On decadal timescales and over the central-midlatitude NA the correlation is negative, suggesting ocean processes on average drive SST and THF variability is sensitive to SST. The correlation is positive over the subpolar NA. There, interannual and decadal THF variability is governed by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the major late 20th and early 21st century SST increase in the subpolar NA diminishing oceanic heat loss associated with a weakening NAO was observed. This study suggests that the atmosphere is more sensitive to SST over the central-midlatitude than subpolar NA. Key Points: - Regional variation in the nature of air-sea interaction over the extratropical North Atlantic (NA) north of 35°N - Timescale dependence in relationship between sea-surface temperature (SST) and turbulent heat flux over the central-midlatitude NA - The atmosphere is more sensitive to SST variability over the central-midlatitude than subpolar NA
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    Modulation of Equatorial Currents and Tropical Instability Waves During the 2021 Atlantic Niño (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-30
    Description: In the boreal summer of 2021, the equatorial Atlantic experienced the strongest warm event, that is, Atlantic Niño, since the beginning of satellite observations in the 1970s. Such events have far‐reaching impacts on large‐scale wind patterns and rainfall over the surrounding continents. Yet, developing a paradigm of how Atlantic Niño interacts with the upper‐ocean currents and intraseasonal waves remains elusive. Here we show that the equatorial Kelvin wave associated with the onset of the 2021 Atlantic Niño modulated both the background flow and the eddy flux of the equatorial upper‐ocean circulation, causing an extremely weak and delayed tropical instability wave (TIW) season. TIW‐induced variations of sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity, sea surface height, and eddy temperature advection were exceptionally weak during May to July, the climatological peak of TIW activity, but rebounded in August when higher than normal variability was observed. Moored velocity data at 23°W show that during the peak of the 2021 Atlantic Niño from June to August, the Equatorial Undercurrent was deeper and stronger than usual. An anomalously weak eddy momentum flux strongly suppressed barotropic energy conversion north of the equator from May to July, likely contributing to low TIW activity. Reduced baroclinic energy conversion also might have played a role, as the meridional gradient of SST was sharply reduced during the Atlantic Niño. Despite extremely weak TIW velocities, modest intraseasonal variability of chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐ a ) was observed during the Atlantic Niño, due to pronounced meridional Chl‐ a gradients that partly compensated for the weak TIWs. Plain Language Summary Every few years the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean is significantly warmer than usual during boreal summer. Such warm events are referred to as Atlantic Niño events, and share similarities with El Niño events in the Pacific. In 2021, the strongest Atlantic Niño in at least four decades was observed in the equatorial Atlantic. This study is the first that investigates the complex interaction between Atlantic Niño, tropical Atlantic upper‐ocean currents, and equatorial waves based on various observational data sets. We show that the developing 2021 Atlantic Niño weakened both the background flow and the variability of near‐surface currents in May, which in turn largely reduced the strength of intraseasonal (20–50 days) waves that are usually generated by instability of the upper‐ocean zonal currents. As a consequence, the cooling effect that these waves usually have north of the equator and the warming effect along the equator vanished from May to July 2021. Interestingly, variability of chlorophyll concentration was enhanced, suggesting that enhanced meridional chlorophyll gradients compensated for reduced wave activity. Key Points The developing 2021 Atlantic Niño led to weaker equatorial surface currents and reduced vertical shear of upper‐ocean horizontal velocity Strong reduction of the surface flow, eddy flux, and meridional temperature gradient in May caused extremely weak and delayed tropical instability wave (TIW) season Reduced meridional TIW advection contributed to sharpen the north equatorial Chl‐ a front resulting in modest intraseasonal Chl‐ a variability
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    Influence of Hydrodynamics on the Composition and Reactivity of Particulate Organic Matter in a Large River Influenced Ocean Margin (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Marginal seas influenced by large rivers are characterized by complex hydrodynamic and organic matter cycling processes. However, the impacts of hydrodynamics on the composition and reactivity of particulate organic matter (POM) remain unclear. Here we conducted a comprehensive study on the bulk, molecular and biological properties of suspended POM in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent area subjected to strong currents, eddies as well as typhoons during spring and autumn. D/L‐enantiomers of particulate amino acids (PAA) were analyzed to evaluate the bioreactivity of POM and quantify bacterial‐derived organic carbon. We found that POM bioavailability as indicated by carbon‐normalized yields of PAA (PAA‐C%) reflected the ecosystem productivity. Relatively high PAA‐C% values (20−35%) were observed in productive areas influenced by Changjiang River plume, cyclonic eddies and typhoons, likely related to the enhanced nutrient availability arising from hydrodynamic processes. In contrast, the oligotrophic Taiwan Warm Current‐influenced regions featured relatively low POM bioavailability (PAA‐C% 〈 10%) despite typhoons facilitating water mixing. The PAA‐C% values showed a significant positive correlation with extracellular enzyme activity, indicating that bioavailable POM can rapidly stimulate heterotrophic transformation. Hot spots of elevated bioavailable POM showed high contributions of bacterial organic carbon. A large portion (∼2/3) of bacterial organic carbon was present in the form of bacterial detritus, suggesting that patches of these biological hot spots represent important sites of carbon sequestration. Together, our findings indicate that fresh POM production is largely controlled by nutrient supply driven by hydrodynamic processes, with important implications for carbon sequestration in the dynamic ocean margins. Plain Language Summary Marginal seas are subject to complex hydrodynamic processes and play an important role in carbon sequestration. Disentangling the linkages between hydrodynamics and organic carbon reactivity and composition is crucial to understanding the regional carbon cycle. Here we collected suspended particulate organic matter (POM) in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent coastal areas. Based on the biomarker D/L‐amino acids, we assessed the bioavailability of POM and quantified the organic carbon originating from bacteria. We found that high bioactivity of POM occurred in productive Changjiang River plume, cyclonic eddy, and typhoon influenced areas. These hydrodynamic processes appear to increase nutrient availability, therefore promoting phytoplankton growth. Bioavailable POM can rapidly stimulate heterotrophic activity and facilitate the transformation of algal‐derived organic carbon to bacterial detritus, thus contributing to carbon sequestration. Our findings suggest that the production of bioavailable POM is largely controlled by hydrodynamically driven nutrient supply. Key Points We use D/L‐amino acids to assess the bioreactivity and bacterial origins of particulate organic matter (POM) in the dynamic Changjiang Estuary and adjacent area High bioavailability of POM occurs in productive regions affected by Changjiang River plume, cyclonic eddies and typhoons Hot spots of bioavailable POM represent important sites for carbon sequestration
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    Evaluating the physics of outcrop-to-outcrop flow with hydrothermal flow models (2024)
    Wiley | AGU (American Geophysical Union)
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    Publication Date: 2024-07-02
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    Assessing Phytoplankton Primary Productivity Variability in the Changjiang Estuary, East China Sea From Coupled Fast Repetition Rate (FRR) Fluorometry and Chlorophyll‐ a Measurements (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: Phytoplankton primary productivity (PP) varies significantly over environmental gradients, particularly in physically‐dynamic systems such as estuaries and coastal seas. During summer, runoff peaks in the Changjiang River driving large environmental gradients in both the Changjiang estuary and adjacent East China Sea (ECS), likely driving significant variability in PP. As satellite models of PP often underperform in coastal waters, we aimed to develop a novel approach for assessing net PP variability in such a dynamic environment. Parallel in situ measurements of Fast Repetition Rate (FRR) fluorometry and carbon (C) uptake rates were conducted for the first time in this region during two summer cruises in 2019 and 2021. A series of 13 C‐incubations ( n = 31) were performed, with measured PP ranging from ∼6 to 1,700 mgC m −3 d −1 . Net PP values were significantly correlated with salinity ( r = 0.45), phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Chl‐ a , r = 0.88), Photosystem II (PSII) functional absorption cross‐section ( σ PSII , r = −0.76) and maximum PSII quantum yield ( F v / F m , r = 0.59). Stepwise regression analysis showed that Chl‐ a and σ PSII were the strongest predictors of net PP. A generalized additive model (GAM) was also used to estimate net PP considering nonlinear effects of Chl‐ a and σ PSII . We demonstrate that GAM outperforms linear modeling approaches in estimating net PP in this study, as evidenced by a lower root mean square error (∼140 vs. 250 mgC m −3 d −1 ). Our novel approach provides a valuable tool to examine carbon cycling dynamics in this important region. Plain Language Summary The East China Sea has a complex current system that creates a highly dynamic physical environment for phytoplankton, particularly during the summer months. Net primary productivity (PP) is highly variable in this region, yet characterizing these spatial patterns in PP is difficult due to the lack of a high‐resolution data collecting method. Therefore, a strong need exists for a quick and easily implemented method for monitoring PP in this dynamic system. Based on parallel measurements of phytoplankton biomass and photophysiology, we present a novel approach that allows us to rapidly and easily assess regional PP at a high resolution. The high data volume potentially afforded by our net PP estimation method could not only contribute to a better understanding of PP variations in such a dynamic environment, but also help fill the large gaps in field data needed for validating satellite‐based PP models. Key Points Parallel in situ measurements of net primary productivity (PP) and Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry were conducted in the Changjiang estuary Productivity was highest at stations with high Chl and low σ PSII , typically located along the Chiangjiang river plume front A generalized additive model was developed to estimate net PP, providing an approach for assessing regional C‐cycling dynamics
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    Seismic and Acoustic Monitoring of Submarine Landslides: Ongoing Challenges, Recent Successes and Future Opportunities (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: Submarine landslides pose a hazard to coastal communities and critical seafloor infrastructure, occurring on all of the world's continental margins, from coastal zones to hadal trenches. Offshore monitoring has been limited by the largely unpredictable occurrence of submarine landslides and the need to cover large regions. Recent subsea monitoring has provided new insights into the preconditioning and run-out of submarine landslides using active geophysical techniques. However, these tools measure a small spatial footprint and are power- and memory-intensive, thus limiting long-duration monitoring. Most landslide events remain unrecorded. In this chapter, we first show how passive acoustic and seismologic techniques can record acoustic emissions and ground motions created by terrestrial landslides. This terrestrial-focused research has catalyzed advances in characterizing submarine landslides using onshore and offshore networks of broadband seismometers, hydrophones, and geophones. We discuss new insights into submarine landslide preconditioning, timing, location, velocity, and down-slope evolution arising from these advances. Finally, we outline challenges, emphasizing the need to calibrate seismic and acoustic signals generated by submarine landslides. Passive seismic and acoustic sensing has a strong potential to enable more complete hazard catalogs to be built and open the door to emerging techniques (such as fiber-optic sensing) to fill key knowledge gaps.
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    Evidence for Low-Pressure Crustal Anatexis During the Northeast Atlantic Break-up (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: While basaltic volcanism is dominate during rifting and continental breakup, felsic magmatism may also comprise important components of some rift margins. During International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 396 on the continental margin of Norway, a graphite-garnet-cordierite bearing dacitic, pyroclastic unit was recovered within early Eocene sediments on Mimir High (Site U1570), a marginal high on the Vøring transform margin. Here, we present a comprehensive textural, mineralogical, and petrological study of the dacite in order to assess its melting origin and emplacement. The major mineral phases (garnet, cordierite, quartz, plagioclase, alkali feldspar) are hosted in a fresh rhyolitic, highly vesicular, glassy matrix, locally mingled with sediments. The xenocrystic major element chemistry of garnet and cordierite, the presence of zircon inclusions with inherited cores, and thermobarometric calculations all support a crustal metapelite origin. While most magma-rich margin models favor crustal anatexis in the lower crust, thermobarometric calculations performed here show that the dacite was produced at upper-crustal depths (〈 5 kbar) and high temperature (750–800 °C) with up to 3 wt% water content. In situ U-Pb analyses on zircon inclusions give a magmatic age of 54.6 ± 1.1 Ma, revealing the emplacement of the dacite post-dates the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Our results suggest that the opening of the North Atlantic was associated with a phase of low-pressure, high-temperature crustal melting at the onset of the main phase of magmatism.
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    Volcanic flank collapse, secondary sediment failure and flow-transition: multi-stage landslide emplacement offshore Montserrat, Lesser Antilles (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: Volcanic flank collapses, especially those in island settings, have generated some of the most voluminous mass transport deposits on Earth and can trigger devastating tsunamis. Reliable tsunami hazard assessments for flank collapse-driven tsunamis require an understanding of the complex emplacement processes involved. The seafloor sequence southeast of Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) is a key site for the study of volcanic flank collapse emplacement processes that span subaerial to submarine environments. Here, we present new 2D and 3D seismic data as well as MeBo drill core data from one of the most extensive mass transport deposits offshore Montserrat, which exemplifies multi-phase landslide deposition from volcanic islands. The deposits reveal emplacement in multiple stages including two blocky volcanic debris avalanches, secondary seafloor failure and a late-stage erosive density current that carved channel-like incisions into the hummocky surface of the deposit about 15 km from the source region. The highly erosive density current potentially originated from downslope-acceleration of fine-grained material that was suspended in the water column earlier during the slide. Late-stage erosive turbidity currents may be a more common process following volcanic sector collapse than has been previously recognized, exerting a potentially important control on the observed deposit morphology as well as on the runout and the overall shape of the deposit. Key Points Landslide emplacement offshore Montserrat included volcanic flank collapses, sediment incorporation, and a late-stage erosive flow Highly erosive flows are likely to be common processes during volcanic flank collapse deposition Pre-existing topography plays a major role in shaping flank collapse-associated mass transport deposits Plain Language Summary Disintegration of volcanic islands can cause very large landslides and destructive tsunamis. To assess the tsunami hazard of such events, it is crucial to understand the processes that are involved in their formation. We present new insights from seismic data and drill cores from a landslide deposit offshore Montserrat, a volcanic island in the Lesser Antilles Arc in the Caribbean. Our analysis reveals the emplacement of landslide material in several stages, including multiple volcanic flank collapses, incorporation of seafloor sediments and an erosive flow that carved channels into the top of the deposit right after its emplacement. We suggest that highly erosive flows are a common process during volcanic flank collapse deposition and that they play a significant role in the shaping of the deposit's appearance.
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    Temporal Variability of Ventilation in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: The Arctic Ocean plays an important role in the regulation of the earth's climate system, for instance by storing large amounts of carbon dioxide within its interior. It also plays a critical role in the global thermohaline circulation, transporting water entering from the Atlantic Ocean to the interior and initializing the southward transport of deep waters. Currently, the Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid changes due to climate warming. The resulting consequences on ventilation patterns, however, are scarce. In this study we present transient tracer (CFC-12 and SF6) measurements, in conjunction with dissolved oxygen concentrations, to asses ventilation and circulation changes in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean over three decades (1991–2021). We constrained transit time distributions of water masses in different areas and quantified temporal variability in ventilation. Specifically, mean ages of intermediate water layers in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean were evaluated, revealing a decrease in ventilation in each of the designated areas from 2005 to 2021. This intermediate layer (250–1,500 m) is dominated by Atlantic Water entering from the Nordic Seas. We also identify a variability in ventilation during the observation period in most regions, as the data from 1991 shows mean ages comparable to those from 2021. Only in the northern Amundsen Basin, where the Arctic Ocean Boundary Current is present at intermediate depths, the ventilation in 1991 is congruent to the one in 2005, increasing thereafter until 2021. This suggests a reduced ventilation and decrease in the strength of the Boundary Current during the last 16 years. Key Points Temporal variability of ventilation in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean during the past 30 years is estimated by observations of transient tracers We found a slow down of the ventilation between 2005 and 2021 in the intermediate waters Evidence of multidecadal variability of ventilation in the intermediate waters of the Eurasian Arctic Ocean is present Plain Language Summary The Eurasian Arctic Ocean, the region of the Arctic Ocean connected to the European and Asian continents, is an important pathway for recently ventilated water from the Nordic Seas. These waters are exported back to the North Atlantic following their travel through the Arctic Ocean. Ventilation describes the process of surface waters being transported into the interior ocean due to increasing density, which affects the underlying water masses. In this study we investigate how the ventilation patterns have evolved in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean over the past three decades, using transient tracer (CFC-12 and SF6) measurements. We observed a significant change in the intermediate layer (250–1,500 m) with older waters found in measurements in 1991 and 2021 compared to 2005 and 2015. Moreover, our data suggest a slowdown in ventilation throughout the three decades in the northern Amundsen Basin, implying a decrease in the circulation time-scale of the Arctic Ocean Boundary Current over the past 16 years. This has potentially important implications for the transport of, for example, heat, salt or oxygen from the Atlantic Ocean around the Arctic Ocean, and back.
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    Emerging Influence of Enhanced Greenland Melting on Boundary Currents and Deep Convection Regimes in the Labrador and Irminger Seas (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Freshwater input from Greenland ice sheet melt has been increasing in the past decades from warming temperatures. To identify the impacts from enhanced meltwater input into the subpolar North Atlantic from 1997 to 2021, we use output from two nearly identical simulations in the eddy-rich model VIKING20X (1/20°) only differing in the freshwater input from Greenland: one with realistic interannually varying runoff increasing in the early 2000s and the other with climatologically (1961–2000) continued runoff. The majority of the additional freshwater remains within the boundary current enhancing the density gradient toward the warm and salty interior waters yielding increased current velocities. The accelerated boundary current shows a tendency to enhanced, upstream shifted eddy shedding into the Labrador Sea interior. Further, the experiments allow to attribute higher stratification and shallower mixed layers southwest of Greenland and deeper mixed layers in the Irminger Sea, particularly in 2015–2018, to the runoff increase in the early 2000s. Key Points The West Greenland Current (WGC) freshens and cools with the observed recent increase in meltwater runoff from Greenland The density gradient across the boundary current intensifies, strengthening the WGC and increasing local eddy formation Enhanced meltwater runoff contributed to an eastward shift in deep convection towards the Irminger Sea (2015–2018) Plain Language Summary Global warming has accelerated the melting of the Greenland ice sheet over the past few decades resulting in enhanced freshwater input into the North Atlantic. The additional freshwater can potentially inhibit deep water formation and have future implications on ocean circulation. To determine the influence from Greenland melt, we compare two high-resolution model experiments all with the same forcing but differing input of Greenland freshwater fluxes from 1997 to 2021. We find that in the experiment with realistically increasing Greenland meltwater, the water becomes fresher and cooler along the continental shelf and boundary of the subpolar gyre. The density difference between the shelf and interior increases with more freshwater, resulting in faster West Greenland Current speeds and enhanced eddy formation. Deeper mixed layers are found in the eastern Irminger Sea, particularly in 2015–2018. From 2009 to 2013, there were shallower mixed layers in the Labrador Sea where less Greenland meltwater was mixed downwards and spread eastward, causing mixed layers to deepen in the Irminger Sea.
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    Language and Culture on the Margins (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This collection of thirteen essays examines sociolinguistic phenomena in a wide variety of marginal environments, providing both an overview of globalizaiton on the margins and a foundation for an expanded understanding of the processes of linguistic and cultural changes at work in these settings. Taking an expansive conceptual view of margins, the volume is organized in three parts, looking at examples of marginal spaces in the nation-state, in online environments, and in the peripheries of urban locations, globally to call attention to new and changing discursive genres, patterns, practices, and identities emerging in these spaces as a result of contemporary mobilities, the evolving global economy, and socio-political changes. With previous research previously confined to the study of globalization in urban areas, this volume opens the door for further research on the complex sociolinguistic processes resulting from globalization on the margins, making this an ideal resource for students and scholars in sociolinguistics, globalization and heritage studies, new media, anthropology, and cultural studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)
    Keywords: Hoe Gaan Dit ; Linguistic Landscape ; Gregory Richardson ; Local Linguistic Landscape ; Xuan Wang ; Transcarpathian Oblast ; Massimiliano Spotti ; Dutch Caribbean Island ; Thayse Figueira Guimarães ; Smart Phones ; Branca Falabella Fabrício ; Sami Language ; Luiz Paulo Moita-Lopes ; Center Periphery Dynamics ; Paja Foudree ; Young Men ; Fie Velghe ; Language Ideologies ; Hirut Woldemariam ; Finnish Lapland ; Elizabeth Lanza ; Bongo Flava ; Binyam Sisay Mendisu ; Calypso Music ; Eleni Mariou ; Main Characters ; Zane Goebel ; Standard Ukrainian ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFD Psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics::CFDM Bilingualism and multilingualism ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
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    Chapter 13 Human Rights and Law Enforcement at Sea (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This handbook offers a critical and substantial analysis of maritime security and documents the most pressing strategic, economic, socio-cultural and legal questions surrounding it. Written by leading international experts, this comprehensive volume presents a wide variety of theoretical positions on maritime security, detailing its achievements and outlining outstanding issues faced by those in the field. The book includes studies which cover the entire spectrum of activity along which maritime security is developing, including, piracy, cyber security, energy security, terrorism, narco-subs and illegal fishing. Demonstrating the transformative character and potential of the topic, the book is divided into two parts. The first part exhibits a range of perspectives and new approaches to maritime security, and the second explores emerging developments in the practice of security at sea, as well as regional studies written by local maritime security experts. Taken together, these contributions provide a compelling account of the evolving maritime security environment, casting fresh light on theoretical and empirical aspects. The book will be of much interest to practitioners and students of maritime security, naval studies, security studies, maritime history, and International Relations in general.
    Keywords: Maritime Law Enforcement,Maritime Security,UNCLOS Negotiation,SUA,Suppression Conventions,Human Rights,Law Enforcement Operation,Counter-piracy Missions,Maritime Security Framework,UN,Transnational Crime,Maritime Environment,Enforcement Measures,Unimpeded Navigation,UNCLOS Provision,Counter-piracy Operations,Piracy Suspects,IHRL Instrument,Violated,ECHR,Maritime Domain,Maritime Dimension,Confer,Hirsi Jamaa,Single Guild ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence::JWC Military forces and sectors::JWCK Naval forces and warfare ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSW Emergency services::JKSW1 Police and security services ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms
    Language: English
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    The Routledge Companion to Children's Literature and Culture (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Focusing on significant and cutting-edge preoccupations within children’s literature scholarship, The Routledge Companion to Children’s Literature and Culture presents a comprehensive overview of print, digital, and electronic texts for children aged zero to thirteen as forms of world literature participating in a panoply of identity formations. Offering five distinct sections, this volume: Familiarizes students and beginning scholars with key concepts and methodological resources guiding contemporary inquiry into children’s literature Describes the major media formats and genres for texts expressly addressing children Considers the production, distribution, and valuing of children’s books from an assortment of historical and contemporary perspectives, highlighting context as a driver of content Maps how children’s texts have historically presumed and prescribed certain identities on the part of their readers, sometimes addressing readers who share some part of the author’s identity, sometimes seeking to educate the reader about a presumed “other,” and in recent decades increasingly foregrounding identities once lacking visibility and voice Explores the historical evolutions and trans-regional contacts and (inter)connections in the long process of the formation of global children’s literature, highlighting issues such as retranslation, transnationalism, transculturality, and new digital formats for considering cultural crossings and renegotiations in the production of children’s literature Methodically presented and contextualized, this volume is an engaging introduction to this expanding and multifaceted field.
    Keywords: Children's Literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSY Children’s and teenage literature studies: general
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    Social infrastructure and left behind places (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This book explores the making, unmaking and remaking of social infrastructure in ‘left-behind places’. Such places, typically once flourishing industrial communities that have been excluded from recent economic growth, now attract academic and policy attention as sites of a political backlash against globalisation and liberal democracy. The book focuses on the role of social infrastructure as a key component of this story. Seeking to move beyond a narrowly economistic of reading ‘left behind places’, the book addresses the understudied affective dimensions of ‘left-behindness’. It develops an analytical framework that emphasises the importance of place attachments and the consequences of their disruption; considers ‘left behind places’ as ‘moral communities’ and the making of social infrastructure as an expression of this; views the unmaking of social infrastructure through the lens of ‘root shock’; and explains efforts at remaking it in terms of the articulation of ‘radical hope’. The analysis builds upon a case study of a former mining community in County Durham, North East England. Using mixed methods, it offers a ‘deep place study’ of a single village to understand more fully the making, unmaking and remaking of social infrastructure. It shows how a place once richly endowed with social infrastructure, saw this endowment wither and the effects this had on the community. However, it also records efforts of the local people to rebuild social infrastructure, typically drawing the lessons of the past. Although the story of one village, the methods, results and policy recommendation have much wider applicability. The book will be of interest to researchers, policy makers and others concerned with the fate of ‘left behind places’.
    Keywords: Left Behind Places;Industry 4.0;Lagging Regions;Social Infrastructure;Social Capital;Regional development ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCD Economics of industrial organization
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    Associative Governance in Scandinavia (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This edited volume explores a variety of aspects of associative governance, providing detailed case studies of associations and associational governance in Scandinavia. Theoretically developing a concept and approach of associative governance, the book sheds light on a dynamic way of perceiving associative aspects of community and commercial life that has been hitherto underexplored and undertheorized. It shows how governance by associations may be conducted not only bottom‑up by self‑organized and voluntary participation, but also top‑down by authoritative incorporation through government, and – not least – in multifarious interstices in between. New section by exploring a vibrant panoply of dimensions of associative governance, empirically grounded in historical analyses of a wide range of organizational repertoires, the book may provide novel insights into the significant role of associative governance in Scandinavia over the past two centuries. Finally, it provides research‑based knowledge about how to maintain “good political and economic institutions” in the future and a more holistic and dynamic approach to the literature on The Nordic model. The book will be of key interest to scholars and students of Nordic and Scandinavian studies, history, sociology, political science, marketing, social policy, organization theory, and public management. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution‑Non Commercial‑No Derivatives (CC‑BY‑NC‑ND) 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Nordic societies ; Scandinavia ; governance ; Scandinavian societies ; Nordic governance ; associative governance ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJU Organizational theory and behaviour ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
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    Culturally Responsive and Sustaining Science Teaching (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: How can research into culturally responsive and sustaining education (CRSE) inform and transform science teaching and learning? What approaches might teachers use to study CRSE in their classrooms? What are teachers learning from their research that might be transferable to other classrooms and schools? In this practical resource, teacher researchers from the Culturally Responsive and Sustaining Education Professional Learning Group based in New York City provide insights for educators on how to address complex educational and sociocultural issues in the science classroom. Highlighting wide-ranging and complex problems such as the COVID-19 pandemic and racial injustice and how they affect individual science instruction settings, with a particular focus on urban and high-need school environments, chapters examine and describe what CRSE is and means for science teaching. Through individual and collaborative research studies, chapters help readers understand various approaches to developing and implementing CRSE strategies in their classrooms and promote students’ identification with and affinity for science. Teachers describe the questions driving their investigations, data, and findings, and reflect on their roles as agents of change. Chapters also feature discussion and reflection questions, and include examples of assignments, protocols, and student work that teachers have piloted in their classes. This book is ideal for pre-service and in-service science teachers and teacher educators across grade levels. It provides support for professional learning activities, as well as undergraduate and graduate teacher education courses. It may be particularly useful in science methods, multicultural education; and diversity, equity, and inclusion courses with a focus on CRSE. This book not only defines one group’s approach to CRSE in science education, but also takes the next step to show how CRSE can be applied directly to the science classroom.
    Keywords: Culturally Responsive Teaching;Culturally Responsive Science Teaching;Urban Teaching;Science Education;Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Teaching;Equity;DE&I;Science and Diversity ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills and techniques ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNK Educational administration and organization ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education::JNAM Moral and social purpose of education ; thema EDItEUR::Y Children’s, Teenage and Educational::YP Educational material ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject::JNUM Teachers’ classroom resources and material ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy
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    Chapter 2 Identifying Energy-Poor Households, Experiences from the Global North (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Living with Energy Poverty | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-07
    Description: Living with Energy Poverty: Perspectives from the Global North and South 〈/em〉expands our collective understanding of energy poverty and deepens our recognition of the phenomenon by engaging with the lived experiences of energy-poor households across different contexts. Understanding the lived experience of energy poverty is an essential component in the design of any effort to alleviate what is fundamentally a deep-rooted, multi-faceted, wickedly complex problem. This requires a nuanced understanding of the causal factors and the research methods that can respond to the flexible spatial and temporal nature of the condition, as well as its wellbeing and justice implications. Drawing together the expertise and connectedness of authors from the Global South and North, this book presents novel approaches to understanding the often hidden forms of domestic energy deprivation. Case studies from 20 countries provide critical perspectives on this phenomenon while analysing the policy practices, government strategy, and sustainability implications of divergent manifestations. The book takes a multidimensional perspective, challenging the bias towards energy production and service provision, which often do not align with the aspirations and realities of energy households across global contexts, thus facilitating a useful dialogue on the nature of energy poverty. The book is a timely source for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking fresh, diverse insights into the everyday reality of energy poverty and wanting to better understand the challenges a people-centred, just energy transition can present. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license. Chapter 22 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
    Keywords: hidden energy poverty,energy vulnerability,fuel poverty,energy access,energy justice ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy
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    Chapter 11 What makes academia (un)safe (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: This book presents a novel and insightful examination of gender-based violence, inviting readers to consider this topic from various perspectives. It encompasses various conceptual discussions and international regulations and trends, while concurrently emphasising the legal regulations and practices of select Central and Eastern European countries. Significantly underrepresented in legal scholarship, this region has been overlooked and subject to limited comprehensive analyses. The authors address different aspects of gender-based violence, also covering some areas that have received little attention in academic literature, such as gender-based violence in academia and cyberstalking. Furthermore, the book incorporates recent empirical studies, thereby endowing readers with valuable insights into the specific challenges encountered in the region. By contributing to current research on gender-based violence in Europe, this publication is an invaluable resource for researchers, students, policymakers, and general readers interested in gender-based violence and the fight against it in the Central and Eastern European region.
    Keywords: gender-based violence,physical, psychological, economic and sexual violence,gender harassment,sexual harassment and organisational violence,intersectionality, universities, academia ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LND Constitutional & administrative law::LNDC Human rights & civil liberties law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNF Criminal law & procedure ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAQ Law & society::LAQG Gender & the law ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKV Crime & criminology
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    Chapter 8 Reusing Stepped Pools in Roman Palestinian Households (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book provides the first detailed study of the water supply of households in antiquity. Chapters explore settings from Classical Greece to the Late Roman Empire across a wide variety of environments, from dry deserts and moderate Mediterranean zones to wet and temperate climates further north. The different case studies presented in each chapter are united by three intimately interconnected aspects. The first, rainwater harvesting in cisterns, provides detailed techno-hydraulic investigations of the household water supply systems. The second aspect, households and water at the margins, stresses how domestic water supply systems were successfully adapted to unusually harsh environmental conditions. The third, other waters for houses, focuses on other types of water supply systems (rivers, water-bearers, stepped pools, wells) and their life biographies. As shown by the different chapters, a careful study of a household’s water supply is a rich source of evidence for understanding everyday decisions, anxieties, and changes in life. They also build towards a greater understanding of the social inequalities that are at play in the ancient Mediterranean and beyond, providing a wealth of new research to greatly augment our understanding of water as a resource in the ancient Mediterranean. Providing a new and important perspective on a central part of everyday life in the ancient world, this book is aimed at archaeologists and historians of the ancient Mediterranean, notably the Greek and Roman worlds, especially those with an interest in ancient households and water culture.
    Keywords: Water,Rivers,Classical Greece,Late Roman Empire,Mediterranean,Ancient Mediterranean Households ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
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    The Routledge Companion to Global Renaissance Art (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This companion examines the global Renaissance through object-based case studies of artistic production from Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe in the early modern period. The international group of contributors take an art historical approach characterized by close analysis of form and meaning as well as function, and a focus on questions of crosscultural dialogue and adaptation. Seeking to de-emphasize the traditional focus on Europe, this book is a critical guide to the literature and the state of the field. Chapters outline new questions and agendas while pushing beyond familiar material. Main themes include workshops, the migrations of artists, objects, technologies, diplomatic gifts, imperial ideologies, ethnicity and indigeneity, sacred spaces and image cults, as well as engaging with the open questions of "the Renaissance" and "the global." This will be a useful and important resource for researchers and students alike and will be of interest to scholars working in art history, visual culture, material culture, and Renaissance studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license
    Keywords: Renaissance ; early modern ; art ; art history ; visual studies ; material culture ; objects ; Europe ; Americas ; Africa ; Asia ; Australia ; Oceania ; cross-cultural ; inter-cultural ; global ; colonialism ; colonization ; pre-modern ; geography ; exchange ; trade ; politics ; empire ; influence ; imperialism ; mobility ; cartography ; markets ; courts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms::AFK Non-graphic and electronic art forms::AFKB Sculpture ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms::AFC Paintings and painting
    Language: English
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    The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: This book explores the ethics of national security intelligence institutions operating in contemporary liberal democracies. Intelligence collection by agencies such as the CIA, MI6, and Mossad involves practices that are apparently inconsistent with the principles of ordinary morality – practices such as lying, spying, manipulation, and covert action. However, in the defence of national security, such practices may not only be morally permissible, but may also under some circumstances be morally obligatory. One approach to the ethics of national security intelligence activity has been to draw from the just war tradition (so-called ‘just intelligence theory’). This book identifies significant limitations of this approach and offers a new, institutionally based, teleological normative framework. In doing so, it revises some familiar principles designed for application to kinetic wars, such as necessity and proportionality, and invokes some additional ones, such as reciprocity and trust. It goes on to explore the applications of this framework and a revised set of principles for national security intelligence institutions and practices in contemporary and emerging political and technological settings. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, ethics, security studies and International Relations.
    Keywords: ethical institutions;best practice;intelligence services;new technologies;just war model ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JW Warfare & defence ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTJ Peace studies & conflict resolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology::JMRN Intelligence & reasoning
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    Politicisation, Democratisation and EU Identity (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: What is it that unites the European Union as a polity? Why is it necessary to democratise the EU? Can EU politicisation help democratising the EU? Why do EU citizens in referenda seemingly vote against the EU? And how can a European identity develop? To tackle these questions, this book makes a theoretical, conceptual and empirical contribution to the study of EU politicisation, democratisation, identity formation, and the ways these three are related to one another. The results of a thorough comparative analysis of two prototypical cases, namely French and German national EU discourses and in particular the discourses on the Treaty on a Constitution for Europe (TCE) in 2005, are discussed in relation to more current events such as Brexit and the French elections of 2022. The book thus develops key concepts and theoretical models and delivers profound findings on EU democratisation, identity, politicisation and contestation and their interrelations. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Union studies/politics, democratic theory, discourse analysis and more broadly to comparative politics. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
    Keywords: politics ; Europe ; France ; Germany ; Democracy ; identity ; constitutionalism ; discourse ; political science ; brexit ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTB Regional studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes::JPHV Political structures: democracy
    Language: English
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    The International Working Group on Women and Sport 1994-2024 (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book comprehensively evaluates the role of the International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) – the world’s largest network dedicated to advancing gender equity and equality in sport, physical education, and physical activity – in influencing global and domestic policy and practice. The issues addressed by the IWG in its first three decades of activism reflect global socio-political progress, as well as emergent new problems, for women, sport, and human rights. The IWG’s commitment to collaboration with, among others, the International Olympic Committee and the United Nations has provided the foundations for globally accepted frameworks to address gender-based issues in and through sport. The advocacy work of the IWG is told via first-hand interviews with key personnel from each of the IWG Secretariats, from its establishment in 1994 to 2024, providing insight into the most significant issues, achievements, and outcomes for the international social movement for women and sport. The book is a useful resource for students in the sociology of sport, sport policy, leadership, management, coaching, and gender studies. It is also relevant to sport administrators, practitioners, policymakers, and those working in gender governance.
    Keywords: International Working Group on Women and Sport;IWG;IWG on Women and Sport;Change;Challenge;UK;Namibia;Anita White;Canada;Sue Neill;Japan;Etsuko Ogasawara;Australia;Johanna Adriaanse;Finland;Terhi Heinilä;Raija Mattila;Future;Botswana;Carole Oglesby;Game Mothibi;New Zealand;Rachel Froggatt;United Kingdom;Annamarie Phelps;Lisa O’Keefe;Women;Lisa O'Keefe;Sport;Brighton Declaration ; thema EDItEUR::S Sports and Active outdoor recreation ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBS Sociology: sport and leisure ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups::JBSF1 Gender studies: women and girls::JBSF11 Feminism and feminist theory
    Language: English
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    Intellectuals in the Latin Space during the Era of Fascism (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This volume investigates a galaxy of diverse networks and intellectual actors who engaged in a broad political environment, from conservatism to the most radical right, between the World Wars. Looking beyond fascism, it considers the less-investigated domain of the 'Latin space', which is both geographical and cultural, encompassing countries of both Southern Europe and Latin America. Focus is given to mid-level civil servants, writers, journalists and artists and important 'transnational agents' as well as the larger intellectual networks to which they belonged. The book poses such questions as: In what way did the intellectuals align national and nationalistic values with the project of creating a 'Republic of Letters' that extended beyond each country’s borders, a 'space' in which one could produce and disseminate thought whose objective was to encourage political action? What kinds of networks did they succeed in establishing in the interwar period? Who were these intellectuals-in-action? What role did they play in their institutions’ and cultural associations’ activities? A wider and intricate analytical framework emerges, exploring right-wing intellectual agents and their networks, their travels and the circulation of ideas, during the interwar period and on a transatlantic scale, offering an original contribution to the debate on interwar authoritarian regimes and opening new possibilities for research.
    Keywords: Modern History,Latin American History,Military Regimes,Fascism,Far Right Ideology,Corporatism,Ramiro De Maeztu,Pietro Maria Bardi,Universalist Nationalism,Partido Nacional,Centro De Pesquisa,Primo De Rivera Dictatorship,De La Hispanidad,Je Suis Partout,Fustel De Coulanges,Modern Italian Architecture,Radical Conservative Movements,Lucien Rebatet,UNR,Brazilian Integralism,AIB,La Nueva,Piazza Della Vittoria,Catholic Social Teachings,Young Men,Partido Conservador,Le Corbusier,Du Pin,French Fascism,Charles Maurras,Argentinian Institute ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
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    Educating for Peace through Countering Violence (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book advances knowledge about the implementation of peace and non-violence strategies in education that counter violence. Addressing both hidden and direct violence, it examines the harm to wellbeing and learning through a unique exploration of the role of teachers, and confronts the roots of violence in educational settings. Presenting and critiquing a range of pedagogical tools, case examples, and research, it examines how various methods can be used for identifying and proactively responding to conflicts such as injustice, discrimination, and prejudice, among others. Contributors present case studies from a range of global contexts and offer cutting-edge research on the applications of these resources, and how they contextualize peace education. An essential read for educators, teacher educators and peace scholars, it crucially offers pathways for confronting and healing from violence in both formal and informal sites of education.
    Keywords: curriculum and instruction;peace education;comparative education;violence prevention;multicultural education;implementation;peace and non-violence strategies;hidden violence;direct violence;teacher education;pedagogical tools;injustice;discrimination;prejudice;application;confronting violence;healing from violence ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy::JNFR Multicultural education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy & theory of education ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTJ Peace studies & conflict resolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTU Peace studies and conflict resolution ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDG Curriculum planning and development
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    Methodological Individualism (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Originating in the late 19th century and becoming the subject of ongoing methodological debates in the social sciences, methodological individualism is a paradigm that focuses on understanding social phenomena through the actions and choices of individuals rather than through collective explanations. This book highlights its theoretical bases as defined and developed in the writings of its founders and early proponents in the context of the liveliest methodological battles in the social sciences. It addresses fundamental epistemological issues, including the distinction between explanation in the social sciences and natural sciences, the rational bases for understanding social actions, the relation of social wholes to their parts, and the connections between social concepts and the phenomenal world. Bringing together new English translations of foundational texts by Carl Menger, Joseph Schumpeter, Georg Simmel, and Max Weber, this book provides key insights into one of the essential methodological paradigms in the social sciences, corrects misconceptions, and advances a deeper understanding of methodological individualism as a robust and valuable approach to explaining social phenomena. It will therefore appeal to scholars and students of sociology and sociological theory with an interest in questions of social science methodology.
    Keywords: methodological debates ; methodological individualism ; founders ; explanation ; social sciences ; natural sciences ; theoretical bases ; social actions ; social wholes ; social concepts ; phenomenal world ; methodological paradigm ; sociology ; Max Weber ; Joseph Schumpeter ; Carl Menger ; Georg Simmel ; social science methodology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPS Research methods: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBA Social theory
    Language: English
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    Thirty Years After the Berlin Wall (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This book examines the increasing body of research dedicated to the lasting differences between the former separate states of the Federal German Republic (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, it takes a broad view on German unification and transformation research. Transformation and unification processes in East and West Germany are still ongoing, and they may serve as a model for social change and its political, economic, and psychological consequences. Using advanced statistical methods of analysis, this edited volume provides insights into the valuable contextualization of individual and social phenomena that current research on German unification and transformation is producing. Following the open science mindset using code and data, the authors investigate temporal trends in (1) mental health, (2) political attitudes, and (3) work and family life. It explores changes in mental health and political attitudes, as well as continued differences in work and family arrangements, that may stem from heterogeneous experiences within the systems and during the transformation process. This book will appeal to scholars and students from the disciplines of sociology, political science, public health, social psychology, psychology, and communication science interested in postsocialist transition processes and temporal changes in individuals and societies.
    Keywords: German unification;transformation studies;social change;Berlin Wall;Federal German Republic;FRG;German Democratic Republic;GDR ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKM Clinical psychology::MKMT Psychotherapy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKP Accident and emergency medicine::MKPB Trauma and shock ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPS Research methods: general ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBS Medical sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFN Health, illness and addiction: social aspects ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements::JPFF Left-of-centre democratic ideologies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology
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    Migrant Narratives (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: With a focus on migrant narratives, or the storytelling about migration, this volume considers the ways in which migration is and has been shaped by individual and collective experiences of agency, belonging and community. Driven by an agenda of deep listening, each chapter presents a narrative directly derived from qualitative research, an outline of the methodological framing as well as narrative analysis. Through close attention to the narrative, its performative aspects and its ruptures and silences, authors identify patterns and material in the fabric of such telling and retelling of stories that open up new perspectives on the migrant experience. This book develops a methodology of ""dwelling with stories"" that allows for sustained and slow interrogation of the migrant experience and the accompanying decisions that shape narratives around mobility across borders. Its structure is innovative by emphasising the migrant voice and reflecting on the scholars’ positionality, while also offering new theoretical contributions that will advance the field of narrative analysis. The book will appeal to academics, students and practitioners in a wide range of subject areas within the humanities and social sciences, including anthropology, sociology, human geography, migration/refugee/diaspora studies and oral history.
    Keywords: migration,narratives,gender,agency,dwelling with stories,belonging,community,rupture,trauma,loss,migrant experience,performance,performativity,deep listening,methodology,diaspora,sociology,anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies::JBSL1 Ethnic groups and multicultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
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    Ethnicity and Identity in Herodotus (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Herodotus is the epochal authority who inaugurated the European and Western consciousness of collective identity, whether in an awareness of other societies and of the nature of cultural variation itself or in the fashioning of Greek self-awareness – and necessarily that of later civilizations influenced by the ancient Greeks – which was perpetually in dialogue and tension with other ways of living in groups. In this book, 14 contributors explore ethnicity – the very self-understanding of belonging to a separate body of human beings – and how it evolves and consolidates (or ethnogenesis). This inquiry is focussed through the lens of Herodotus as our earliest master of ethnography, in this instance not only as the stylized portrayal of other societies, but also as an exegesis on how ethnocultural differentiation may affect the lives, and even the very existence, of one’s own people. Ethnicity and Identity in Herodotus is one facet of a project that intends to bring Portuguese and English-speaking scholars of antiquity into closer cooperation. It has united a cross-section of North American classicists with a distinguished cohort of Portuguese and Brazilian experts on Greek literature and history writing in English.
    Keywords: Ethnicity Ethnography Historiography Herodotus Identity Anthropology Greece,Herodotus' ethnographic project,Greek identity,fifth-century ethnicity,self-awareness,Thutmose III,Book III,Female Genital Cutting,Young Men,Naval Forces,Demeter Thesmophoros,Athenaion Politeia,Derveni Papyrus,Demeter Eleusinia,Greek Ethnic Identity,Herodotean Narrative,Doric Dialect,Solon’s Archonship,Demeter’s Sanctuary,Violated,Ionian Revolt,non-Greek Languages,Olive Tree Leaves,Persian Empire,Asiatic Greeks,Greek Enemy,Resistance Myths,Thriasian Plain,Diogenes Laertius,Common Language ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history
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    Death and (Re) Birth of J.S. Bach (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: While the study and redefinition of the notion of authorship and its relationship to the idea of the literary work have played a central role in recent research on literature, semiotics, and related disciplines, its impact on contemporary musicology is still limited. Why? What implications would a reconsideration of the author- and work-concepts have on our understanding of the creative musical processes? Why would such a re-examination of these regulative concepts be necessary? Could it emerge from a post-structuralist revision of the notion of musical textuality? In this book, Trillo takes the …Bach… project, a collection of new music based on Johann Sebastian Bach’s Partita No.1 for solo violin, BWV 1002, as a point of departure to sketch some critical answers to these fundamental questions, raise new ones, and explore their musicological implications.
    Keywords: Matamoro;Follow;Bach’s Music;Authorship Markers;Abbas Kiarostami;Bach’s Partita;Baroque;Tomás;Held;Contemporary Expansion;Musical Authorship;BWV;Kiarostami;Work In Progress;Musical Works;Derridean Trace;Authorial Subjectivities;Musical Ontology;Strange Attractors;Lydia Goehr;Johann Georg Pisendel;Basso Continuo;Ontological Readings;Gestural Dimension;Ontological Turn ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVA Theory of music and musicology
    Language: English
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    African Perspectives on South–South Migration (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This book investigates the diverse and dynamic forms of migration within Africa. Centring themes of agency, resource flows, and transnational networks, the book examines the enduring appeal of the Global South as a place of origin, transit, and destination. Popular media, government pronouncements, and much of the global research discourse continue to be oriented towards migration from the Global South to the Global North, despite the fact that the vast majority of migration is South-South. This book moves beyond these mischaracterisations and instead distinctly focuses on the agency of African migrants and the creative strategies they employ while planning their routes within and across the African continent. Case studies explore the flow of resources such as people, money, skills, and knowledge throughout the continent, while also casting a light on the lived experiences of migrants as they negotiate their sometimes precarious and vulnerable positions. Underpinned by intensive empirical studies, this book challenges prevailing narratives and provides a new way of thinking about South-South Migration. Composed by a majority of scholars from the Global South, the book will be crucial reading for researchers, students, and policy makers with a focus on South-South Migration, Migration and Inequalities, Migration and Development, and Refugee and Humanitarian Studies.
    Keywords: Migration ; Global South ; Africa ; African studies ; Migration studies ; South-South migration ; African migrants ; Ethiopia ; South Africa ; Ghana ; Burkina Faso ; Côte d'Ivoire ; Morocco ; Sudan ; South Sudan ; Development studies ; Humanitarian studies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGL Regional geography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; thema EDItEUR::L Law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples
    Language: English
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    International Law and Posthuman Theory (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: international law; posthuman feminism
    Keywords: international law; posthuman feminism ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFK Feminism & feminist theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law
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    Turbulent Afghanistan (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book explores the what, the why, and the how of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan almost 20 years after their removal from power. It examines how the U.S. discourses on War on Terror and state-building in Afghanistan have taken shape, became dominant over the past two decades, and to delineate their consequences. Also, it highlights how both discourses are representative of wider depoliticization of the society and eventually paved the way for the illiberal, oppressive politics of confinement and necropolitics. The volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of politics and international relations, U.S. foreign policy, peace and conflict studies, area studies, especially West Asian and South Asian studies.
    Keywords: Afghanistan,Taliban,US War on Terror,Rise of the Taliban,US Politics of Confinement,Afghan Government,State Building Discourse,Post-2001 Afghanistan,Vice Versa,NATO Troop,Al Qaeda,WoT,Afghan Society,PDPA,Taliban Rule,NSS,Bin Laden,Osama Bin Laden,International State Building,Conceptualizing State Failure,Mujahidin Groups,Afghan Security Forces,ANSF,Boko Haram,Dead Men,Afghan People,Bagram Air Base,Kandahar Province,CIA Team,Alp ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies
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    Deploying the European Green Deal (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Drawing on a range of expert contributions, this book explores how the European Green Deal is being deployed in practice and observes how the EU tries to promote the protection of the environment in third countries. This book begins by assessing the state of the art in terms of the key conceptual issues and analyses sectoral initiatives that are particularly relevant for the deployment of the European Green Deal external dimensions. These include the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, the EU’s regulatory action in the control of maritime emissions, the 2030 Biodiversity Strategy, the Deforestation Initiative, the Zero Pollution Initiative, the From Farm to Fork Initiative, and the Climate Neutrality and Clean Energy Initiative in the context of the Energy Charter Treaty. Next, the authors deal with horizontal aspects of the European Green Deal that also have external dimensions, such as the Green Deal Diplomacy, the Green Public Procurement, funding measures, initiatives related to corporate sustainability and due diligence, and the implementation and enforcement of EU environmental law. This volume concludes with a cross-cutting analysis, focusing on how the EU can strengthen the impact of its normative power on international environmental governance, while also noting its limitations. Deploying the European Green Deal will be of great interest to students and scholars of international and EU environmental law and environmental policy and governance.
    Keywords: European Green Deal,Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism,maritime emissions,2030 Biodiversity Strategy,Deforestation Initiative,Zero Pollution Initiative,Green Deal Diplomacy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
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    Planning and Analyzing Teaching (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Using illustrative teaching case studies, this book demonstrates how teaching informed by a learning theory, specifically Variation theory, can equip teachers to facilitate possibilities for students’ learning in effective and powerful ways. For a long period of time teaching has been “black-boxed”, in favour of other explanations of why students learn or not, such as motivation and social interaction. A large amount of research on teaching and learning, not the least made using Variation theory, has shown that students often need to experience the same aspects of the focused content or capability in order to learn, indicating that relationships between teaching and learning are not unique or even qualitatively different for every individual and every situation. This perspective on the relationship between teaching and learning emphasizes content-specific aspects and in that sense structural components of teaching, while other aspects of schooling such as social interaction and general well-being recede into the background. The authors argue for the importance of this in the direct development of teachers' independent collective professional knowledge about teaching, and the leverage this gives for developing student learning. They introduce theoretical tools to help teachers to increase the probability that teaching focusing a specific content or capability is predictive of students learning of that specific content or capability, while decreasing contextual dependency without assuming that teaching and learning have a one-to-one relationship. Intended for teachers, graduate students in education, teacher educators, student teachers, and researchers, this book shows that while there is no simple equation between teaching and learning, there are general, though content specific, aspects of teaching that can be systematically planned and analyzed and used to improve the quality of student learning. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Lesson study ; Educational research ; Japanese ; Learning study ; Theoretically informed practice ; Teaching ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills & techniques ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills and techniques ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology
    Language: English
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    Ethics and Economics (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: This textbook applies economic ethics to evaluate the free market system and enables students to examine the impact of free markets using the three main ethical approaches: utilitarianism, principle-based ethics and virtue ethics. Ethics and Economics systematically links empirical research to these ethical questions, with a focus on the core topics of happiness, inequality and virtues. Each chapter offers a recommended further reading list. The final chapter provides a practical method for applying the different ethical approaches to morally evaluate an economic policy proposal and an example of the methodology being applied to a real-life policy. This book will give students a clear theoretical and methodological toolkit for analyzing the ethics of market policies, making it a valuable resource for courses on economic ethics and economic philosophy. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Good Life ; Free Market Institutions ; Violated ; Virtue Ethics ; Economic Freedom ; Doux Commerce ; Capitalistic Justice ; Doux Commerce Thesis ; Negatively Related ; Confer ; HDI ; Free Market Perspective ; Perfect Duties ; Life Satisfaction ; Economic Freedom Indicators ; Fraser Institute ; Negative Rights ; Care Ethics ; Flat Tax System ; Free Market System ; Sum Ranking ; Societal Happiness ; Deontological Ethical Theory ; Keynes ; Average Income ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory & philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 1 The Global Face of Energy Poverty (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Living with Energy Poverty: Perspectives from the Global North and South expands our collective understanding of energy poverty and deepens our recognition of the phenomenon by engaging with the lived experiences of energy-poor households across different contexts. Understanding the lived experience of energy poverty is an essential component in the design of any effort to alleviate what is fundamentally a deep-rooted, multi-faceted, wickedly complex problem. This requires a nuanced understanding of the causal factors and the research methods that can respond to the flexible spatial and temporal nature of the condition, as well as its wellbeing and justice implications. Drawing together the expertise and connectedness of authors from the Global South and North, this book presents novel approaches to understanding the often hidden forms of domestic energy deprivation. Case studies from 20 countries provide critical perspectives on this phenomenon while analysing the policy practices, government strategy, and sustainability implications of divergent manifestations. The book takes a multidimensional perspective, challenging the bias towards energy production and service provision, which often do not align with the aspirations and realities of energy households across global contexts, thus facilitating a useful dialogue on the nature of energy poverty. The book is a timely source for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking fresh, diverse insights into the everyday reality of energy poverty and wanting to better understand the challenges a people-centred, just energy transition can present.
    Keywords: hidden energy poverty,energy vulnerability,fuel poverty,energy access,energy justice ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy
    Language: English
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    Police Cooperation and Sovereignty in the EU (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The State and the police are traditionally seen as closely connected phenomena. Today, however, rapid EU legal developments mean that European police forces are no longer tied to a specific national legal context or a specific territory in the way they used to be. Norway is not a member of the EU. Or is it? This book shows that although it lacks formal membership status, Norway has become part of almost all of the major EU police cooperation measures and agreements. Not only does this mean that foreign police forces may operate on Norwegian territory and vice versa, but in addition, a wide range of EU regulations and cooperation instruments are incorporated directly into Norwegian law. With the increased focus on international and transnational police cooperation in mind, what does it mean to be a sovereign state in Europe today? This book combines strong legal and theoretical analyses of a specific national system to show how this country is tied to and dependent on a wider international and supranational system of legal rules, technologies and concepts. This makes the book relevant not only for the Norwegian prosecution and police authorities, but also for readers outside Norway interested in exploring how and whether the police as a modern state function has changed through the implementation of international cross-border cooperation mechanisms.
    Keywords: EFTA Court ; EEA Agreement ; schengen ; Schengen Cooperation ; norwegian ; Police Cooperation ; international ; Norwegian Police ; measures ; Nordic Cooperation ; member ; Police Cooperation Measures ; states ; International Cooperation Instruments ; territory ; EU Police Cooperation ; foreign ; MLA Convention ; officers ; EU Body ; jits ; Schengen Acquis ; International Police Cooperation ; European Economic Area Agreement ; Joint Investigation Team ; Norwegian Police Officer ; Oslo Police District ; Foreign Police Officers ; Europol Cooperation ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAR Legal aspects of criminology ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNF Criminal law: procedure and offences::LNFB Criminal justice law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNF Criminal law: procedure and offences::LNFX Criminal procedure::LNFX5 Police law and police procedures ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNT Social law and Medical law
    Language: English
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    Chapter 1 History and development of mental health law (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge Handbook of Mental Health Law | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Mental health legislation has a lengthy history in most societies. Legislation commonly outlines the circumstances under which treatment without consent is permitted in psychiatric facilities. While the history of mental health legislation varies somewhat across jurisdictions, many saw significant expansions in mental health law during the nineteenth century, especially with the establishment of large public ‘mental hospitals’. These institutions generally declined during the twentieth century as treatments improved, societies became less tolerant of institutions, and bodies such as the United Nations increased their emphasis on human rights. This chapter summarises the history of mental illness and relevant legislation, early efforts to control people deemed ‘mentally ill’, the emergence and decline of mental hospitals, recent emphasis on human rights, and likely future developments. While this chapter uses the examples of Ireland (a high-income country in the Global North) and India (a lower middle-income country in the Global South), many countries remain under-represented in both the historiography and general literature. This chapter concludes that it is essential that mental health laws are just and fair, but that legislation has always been part of a broader social system of care which has commonly failed people with mental illness. We can and must do better.
    Keywords: Children and mental health law; Decision-making capacity; Justice and mental health law; Mental health law; UN Convention on Rights of the person with disabilities; World Health Organization’s QualityRights Initiative; coercion; forensic psychiatry and criminal law; gender and mental health law; human rights; involuntary psychiatric treatment; mental health and criminal law; older adults and mental health law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LND Constitutional & administrative law::LNDC Human rights & civil liberties law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAM Comparative law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LND Constitutional & administrative law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNF Criminal law & procedure ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNT Social law::LNTQ Disability & the law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNT Social law::LNTJ Public health & safety law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBL International law reports ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMH Psychiatry
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    Chapter 9 Reconstruction of a Scandal (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-29
    Description: This cutting-edge research companion addresses our current understanding of literary journalism’s global scope and evolution, offering an immersive study of how different nations have experimented with and perfected the narrative journalistic form/genre over time. The Routledge Companion to World Literary Journalism demonstrates the genre’s rich genealogy and global impact through a comprehensive study of its many traditions, including the crónica, the ocherk, reportage, the New Journalism, the New New Journalism, Jornalismo literário, periodismo narrativo bao gao wen xue, creative nonfiction, Literarischer JournalismusAs-SaHafa al Adabiyya, and literary nonfiction. Contributions from a diverse range of established and emerging scholars explore key issues such as the current role of literary journalism in countries radically affected by the print media crisis and the potential future of literary journalism, both as a centerpiece to print media writ large and as an academic discipline universally recognized around the world. The book also discusses literary journalism's responses to war, immigration, and censorship; its many female and Indigenous authors; and its digital footprints on the internet. This extensive and authoritative collection is a vital resource for academics and researchers in literary journalism studies, as well as in journalism studies and literature in general. Chapter 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Journalistic Storytelling,Fraud Scandal,Literary Journalism,Journalistic Quality Management,Scenic Reconstruction,Narrative Journalism,Lone Perpetrator,Civil Society,Stylistic Devices,Star Reporter,Journalism Awards,Geo,Literary Journalists,Journalistic Coverage,Fictional Motion Picture,Causal Frames,Independent Investigation Committee,Sustainable Quality Management,Pledged,Personal Apology,Duplicates,Dissatisfaction,Fictional Techniques,March Revolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies
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    Chapter Introduction (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Emphasizing the resilience of theatre arts in the midst of significant political change, Theatre After Empire spotlights the emergence of new performance styles in the wake of collapsed political systems. Centering on theatrical works from the late nineteenth century to the present, twelve original essays written by prominent theatre scholars showcase the development of new work after social revolutions, independence campaigns, the overthrow of monarchies, and world wars. Global in scope, this book features performances occurring across Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The essays attend to a range of live events—theatre, dance, and performance art—that stage subaltern experiences and reveal societies in the midst of cultural, political, and geographic transition. This collection is an engaging resource for students and scholars of theatre and performance; world history; and those interested in postcolonialism, multiculturalism, and transnationalism.
    Keywords: George III,Hanay Geiogamah,Meena Kumari,John Ruganda,Twentieth Century British Theatre,Studio Theatres,Jean Claude Duvalier,West End Audiences,Contemporary Russian Theatre,Francis Imbuga,Baby Stroller,Quare Fellow,Diva Worship,Colonial Administration,Idi,Transatlantic Slave Trade,Mukhina,French Empire,Mat,Qui,Chickencoop Chinaman ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies
    Language: English
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    Implementing International Environmental Law and Policy (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book introduces a novel discourse, based on socio-legal theory of compliance with international environmental law, which addresses the overarching question: When can international environmental law and policy achieve implementation, compliance, and be effective? Offering an important contribution to academic and practical understandings of implementation and compliance with international environmental obligations, the book firstly critiques existing multidisciplinary theories of law and then brings together international and domestic legal theories to highlight their symbiotic relationship. It also stresses the importance of interactions between domestic and international legal and policy processes. This pioneering discourse is argued to be transformative to international environmental regimes and offers a way for them to be truly normative and to achieve compliance. The book will be of interest to students and scholars in the field of socio-legal studies and international environmental law and policy. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Environmental Law ; Environmental Policy ; International Environmental Law and Policy ; Environmental Regulation ; International Environmental Law Implementation ; UN Convention on Biological Diversity ; international environmental law and policy compliance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNK Environment, transport and planning law: general::LNKJ Environment law ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law
    Language: English
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    Organizing for Sustainable Development (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognize the increasingly complex, interdependent nature of societal and environmental issues for governments and business. Tackling such "grand challenges" requires the concerted action of a multitude of organizations and multiple stakeholders at different levels in the public, private, and non-profit sector. Organizing for Sustainable Development provides an integrated and comparative overview of the successes and failures of organizational efforts to tackle global societal issues and achieve sustainable development. Summarizing years of study by an interdisciplinary board of authors and contributors, this book provides readers with an in-depth understanding of how existing businesses and new hybrid organizations can achieve sustainable development to bring about an improved society, marking a key contribution to the literature in this field. Combining theoretical views with empirical approaches, the chapters in this book are highly relevant to graduate and undergraduate (multidisciplinary) programs in sustainable development, organization studies, development economics, development studies, international management, and social entrepreneurship.
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Organizational behaviour ; Sustainable development ; Grand challenge ; Wicked problem ; Inclusive business ; Corporate social responsibility ; Social enterprise ; Environmental policy ; Company culture ; UN ; Hybrid Organizations ; Responsible Innovation ; Impact Investing ; Fix Forward ; Social Businesses ; Social Impact Bonds ; Systematic Literature Review Methodology ; Bop Strategy ; South Sudan ; Measurable Social Impact ; Bop Market ; Logic Tensions ; SDG ; NGO Sector ; Cross-sector Partnerships ; Car ; Development Management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMB Management: leadership & motivation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJS Sales & marketing
    Language: English
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    Rivers and Waterways in the Roman World (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Taking a broad geographical, temporal, and cross-disciplinary approach, this volume explores new and innovative research which focuses on rivers and waterways from across the Roman world. Rivers and Waterways in the Roman World brings together cross-disciplinary chapters focussing on theoretical approaches, new digital and scientific methods and analytical techniques, and related surveying and excavation case studies to examine the Romans' extensive use of rivers and inland waterways around the Empire. Roman seafaring is well studied, but this book expands our knowledge of Roman transport, communication, and trade networks inland. The book highlights the challenges of archaeological work in the dynamic environments of rivers and waterways and showcases the use of new methodologies, including the increasing availability and accessibility of digital technologies that have led to a growth in the development and application of new archaeological and analytical techniques, as well as the discovery of new archaeological sites, many of which were previously inaccessible. This book is for archaeologists, historians, classicists, and geographers with an interest in the history and archaeology of the Roman Empire.
    Keywords: Roman Empire,Waterways in Roman Empire,Rivers in the Roman World,Roman transport,Seafaring,Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: English
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    Chapter 10 The European Green Deal and Public Procurement Law (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Drawing on a range of expert contributions, this book explores how the European Green Deal is being deployed in practice and observes how the EU tries to promote the protection of the environment in third countries. This book begins by assessing the state of the art in terms of the key conceptual issues and analyses sectoral initiatives that are particularly relevant for the deployment of the European Green Deal external dimensions. These include the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, the EU’s regulatory action in the control of maritime emissions, the 2030 Biodiversity Strategy, the Deforestation Initiative, the Zero Pollution Initiative, the From Farm to Fork Initiative, and the Climate Neutrality and Clean Energy Initiative in the context of the Energy Charter Treaty. Next, the authors deal with horizontal aspects of the European Green Deal that also have external dimensions, such as the Green Deal Diplomacy, the Green Public Procurement, funding measures, initiatives related to corporate sustainability and due diligence, and the implementation and enforcement of EU environmental law. This volume concludes with a cross-cutting analysis, focusing on how the EU can strengthen the impact of its normative power on international environmental governance, while also noting its limitations. Deploying the European Green Deal will be of great interest to students and scholars of international and EU environmental law and environmental policy and governance.
    Keywords: European Green Deal,Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism,maritime emissions,2030 Biodiversity Strategy,Deforestation Initiative,Zero Pollution Initiative,Green Deal Diplomacy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    The Sociology of Translation and the Politics of Sustainability (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book uses sustainability to explore the interfaces between translation studies, the cultural history of knowledge, and Science and Technology studies (STS). The volume examines various material, cultural and epistemic translation practices where sustainability serves as a boundary object between natural and cultural inquiry. By turning to the intellectual traditions that influenced but were left behind by STS and actor-network theory (ANT), we aim to challenge and expand the Sociology of Translation developed in ANT. Concepts such as ‘inscription’ (Derrida), ‘actant’, ‘narrative’ (Greimas), and ‘world/worlding’ (Heidegger, Spivak) were reemployed – translated – in the canonical STS-texts. What networks of meaning were left behind in this reemployment? The book showcases a combination of cultural and knowledge historical perspectives on the construction of the Sociology of Translation and practical experiments across the registers of nature and culture is novel. There have been brilliant individual attempts to realign the Sociology of Translation with narratives and modes of enunciation, but none has related the Sociology of Translation to the networks and traditions which enabled it but to which it erased its relations and debts. This innovative work will appeal to scholars in translation studies, cultural studies, environmental humanities, medical humanities, and Science and Technology studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Sociology ; Translation ; Sustainability ; Politics ; Science and Technology studies (STS) ; actor-network theory (ANT) ; John Ødemark ; Åmund Resløkken ; Ida Lillehagen ; Eivind Engebretsen ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFP Translation and interpretation ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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    The Chobanids of Kastamonu (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This book provides a novel approach to the history of medieval Anatolia by analysing political, religious and cultural developments in the region of Kastamonu during the reign of the Chobanid dynasty (c. 1211–1309). During the 13th century, the Chobanids consolidated a local dynasty in western Anatolia – a borderland between Islam and Christianity – becoming cultural actors patronising the production of religious, scientific and administrative works in the Persian language. These works, though surviving today in manuscript form, have received little attention in modern historiography. The book therefore attends to this gap in the research, incorporating a detailed study of texts by little-known authors from the time. The book explores the relationship between Islam and the Chobanid dynasty in the context of the wider process of Islamisation in medieval Anatolia, hypothesising that Turkmen dynasties played a fundamental role in this process of Islamisation and acculturation. The Chobanids of Kastamonu, then, offers an in-depth study of a Turkmen local dynasty that achieved political autonomy, financial independence and cultural patronage in medieval Anatolia vis-à-vis the main political powers of the time. Attentive to religious diversity, state formation and processes of transculturation in medieval Anatolia, the book is key reading for scholars of Middle Eastern history and Islamic studies.
    Keywords: Islamisation ; Medieval Anatolia ; Turkmen Dynasties ; Islamic Manuscripts ; Pre-modern Islamic Society ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRP Islam ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history
    Language: English
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    Generative AI in Higher Education (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Chan and Colloton’s book is one of the first to provide a comprehensive examination of the use and impact of ChatGPT and Generative AI (GenAI) in higher education. Since November 2022, every conversation in higher education has involved ChatGPT and its impact on all aspects of teaching and learning. The book explores the necessity of AI literacy tailored to professional contexts, assess the strengths and weaknesses of incorporating ChatGPT in curriculum design, and delve into the transformation of assessment methods in the GenAI era. The authors introduce the Six Assessment Redesign Pivotal Strategies (SARPS) and an AI Assessment Integration Framework, encouraging a learner-centric assessment model. The necessity for well-crafted AI educational policies is explored, as well as a blueprint for policy formulation in academic institutions. Technical enthusiasts are catered to with a deep dive into the mechanics behind GenAI, from the history of neural networks to the latest advances and applications of GenAI technologies. With an eye on the future of AI in education, this book will appeal to educators, students and scholars interested in the wider societal implications and the transformative role of GenAI in pedagogy and research.
    Keywords: AI;Artificial Intelligence;Chat;Cheating;Computers;Plagiarising;Assessment;Students;Higher Education;further education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKD Examinations & assessment ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy & theory of education
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    Participatory Democratic Innovations in Southeast Europe (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: This volume strengthens the dialogue between conceptual perspectives, approaches and fields on deliberative and participatory forms of democratic innovation and offers novel insights, focusing on the Southeast European space. Traditional forms of participation seem insufficient in satisfying the growing complexity of the democratic processes, especially in the context of autocratizing societies. It is crucial to examine the possibilities of democratic innovation in political research and practice, trying to establish a connection between the possibilities and limits of representative democracy and social movements as possible carriers of the process of democratic innovation. This book offers novel insights into practices of civil society and social movements and their pathways carved to initiate a deep change in political thinking and practice and compelling insights for scholars and students of Southeast Europe, social movements and democracy.
    Keywords: Southeast European Studies;Democratic Innovation;Autocratizing Societies;Participatory Democratic Innovations;Political Thinking and Practice ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes::JPHV Political structures: democracy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPF Political ideologies::JPFN Nationalism
    Language: English
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    Critically Assessing the Reputation of Waldorf Education in Academia and the Public (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The first of two volumes dedicated to this little-explored topic, this volume gathers international perspectives to critically assess how Waldorf education has been perceived and discussed in both public and academic arenas. The book thereby challenges the historical concept of Waldorf education as an international movement championing “progressive education.” Spanning the period 1919–1955, this first volume looks at countries with a longstanding tradition of Waldorf schools: Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, Austria, and Finland. The second volume, which covers the period 1987–2004, focuses on more recent developments in Japan, Israel, Spain, Poland, Kenya, France, Slovenia, and China. Throughout both books, over 25 leading scholars present 16 case studies spanning 14 countries to discuss the history and perception of Waldorf education in the context of respective school systems and societies. By exploring the ramifications of these case studies against the background of existing research, the books offer cutting-edge perspectives and prompts for scholarly debates for this as-yet under-researched field. This book will be of interest to researchers, scholars, and postgraduate students in international and comparative education, the theory of education, and the philosophy of education. Policy makers interested in the history of education, as well as practicing teachers and school staff at Waldorf education institutions, may also benefit from the volume.
    Keywords: Waldorf education;Rudolf Steiner;Steiner Schools;alternative education;China;Slovenia;France;Kenya;Poland;Spain;Israel;Japan;Finland;Belgium;Austria;Switzerland;Norway;The Netherlands;Germany;Educational Science Discourse;common trends;public debate;international and comparative education;discourse;segregation or integration;worldview;secular societies;anthroposophy;anthropologist;empirical ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills and techniques ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLA Pre-school and kindergarten
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    Chapter 4 Promoting More Equitable Post-School Transitions (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This novel contribution examines the lived experiences of migrants in education in various international contexts, exploring common school system features that promote students’ inclusion and challenge their exclusion. With a range of international contributions and case studies from Canada, the US, Hong Kong, Japan and Europe, the book offers critical, theoretically innovative understandings examining national policies and practices to develop reforms, focusing on agency, heterogeneity and systems of relational spaces for migrant youth. Chapters engage with discussions around differentiated needs of marginalised and vulnerable groups, as well as the importance of superdiversity in studying and developing inclusive systems for migrant youth in education. Offering unique insights, the book outlines a framework for the promotion of inclusive school systems that ultimately look to create quality learning environments that prevent discrimination, and support students’ holistic needs. It will be of great interest to researchers, academics and postgraduate students in the fields of sociology of education, philosophy of education, psychology of education, teacher education and social policy.
    Keywords: Heterogeneity,critical race theory,superdiversity,migration,refugee ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
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    Chapter 11 The Queen Consort in Castile and Portugal (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This chapter argues that to fulfil the interests of both the spouses and their original family, Maria projected herself as a Castilian infanta while Leonor built up the image of an Aragonese princess. The construction of the political identity of queens consort was a long and complex process, paramount to the subsequent performance and relevance in the configuration of monarchical power. In May 1428 Leonor of Aragon, while en route to Portugal to meet her husband, travelled to Valladolid to visit the king of Castile. In his last will and testament, he had entrusted her with the guardianship of their children and the regency of the realm. While the circumstances of their marriages were quite different and led them to assume distinctive identities from the very outset of their reigns, during their life as consorts Maria and Leonor adhered to a similar model of queenship, one they had learned from their mother.
    Keywords: material culture; Visual culture; political identity; diverse political identities; sponsorship; Spanish Empire; religion; myth; protestant; festivals; Portuguese Empire; queen; ideology; space; Gender; Piety; saints; princess; ladies-in-waiting; funerary sculpture; devotion; Spectatorship; Iconography; dress; catholic; visual culture; religious paintings; Iberian women ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history
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    Routledge Handbook of Urban Planning in Africa (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-07
    Description: This handbook contributes with new evidence and new insights to the on-going debate on the de-colonization of knowledge on urban planning in Africa. African cities grew rapidly since the mid-20th century, in part due to rising rural migration and rapid internal demographic growth that followed the independence in most African countries. This rapid urbanization is commonly seen as a primary cause of the current urban management challenges with which African cities are confronted. This importance given to rapid urbanization prevented the due consideration of other dimensions of the current urban problems, challenges and changes in African cities. The contributions to this handbook explore these other dimensions, looking in particular to the nature and capacity of local self-government and to the role of urban governance and urban planning in the poor urban conditions found in most African cities. It deals with current and contemporary urban challenges and urban policy responses, but also offers an historical overview of local governance and urban policies during the colonial period in the late 19th and 20th centuries, offering ample evidence of common features, and divergent features as well, on a number of facets, from intra-urban racial segregation solutions to the relationships between the colonial power and the natives, to the assimilation policy, as practiced by the French and Portuguese and the Indirect Rule put in place by Britain in some or in part of its colonies. Using innovative approaches to the challenges confronting the governance of African cities, this handbook is an essential read for students and scholars of Urban Africa, urban planning in Africa and African Development.
    Keywords: Young Men,Planning Profession Act,Colonial Administration,Development Facilitation Act,Informal Settlement Upgrading,Habitat Iii,BRT System,BRT Corridor,Spatial Planning Systems,Buffalo City,BRT Project,Urban Agriculture,Le Corbusier,BRT,Informal Settlements,South African Cities,Urban Hunger,Planning Profession,Spatial Planning,Public Private Partnership,Urban Food Security,Central Government,Informal Food Sector,Adaptive Cycle Model,Lusophone African Countries,african development,urbanisation africa,planning africa,urban planning africa,urban africa,local governance,urban policy responses,Africa urban planning,de-colonization ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning::RPC Urban & municipal planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies
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    Diversifying the Teaching Profession (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This edited volume is about diversifying the teaching profession. It is unique in its inclusion of multiple dimensions of diversity; its chapters focus on a wide range of under-represented groups, including those from lower socio-economic groups, Black and minority ethnic groups, migrants, the Travelling community, the Deaf community, the LGBTQI+ community and those of mature age. The book includes contributions from Australia, England, Iceland, Portugal and Scotland, as well as a number of chapters from the Irish context, mostly emanating from projects funded under Ireland’s Higher Education Authority’s Programme for Access to Higher Education (PATH): Strand 1—Equity of Access to Initial Teacher Education. The book also critically engages the rationale for diversifying the profession, arguing not only that representation still matters, but also that ultimately teacher diversity work needs to encompass system transformation to achieve a diverse, equitable and inclusive teaching profession.
    Keywords: Diversity ; Initial Teacher Education ; Social Class ; Inclusive Teaching ; Inclusion ; Race and Ethnicity ; LGBTQI ; Deaf ; Minority Ethnic Teachers ; Widening Participation ; Higher Education ; Underrepresentation ; LGB Teacher ; LGB. Minority Ethnic ; Trusting Student Teacher Relationships ; LGB ; Primary ITE Programme ; Minority Ethnic ; Representative Bureaucracy Theory ; Large Mixed Methods Project ; ITE Programme ; Primary ITE ; ITE Provider ; Post-primary Teacher Education ; Teacher Diversity ; Professional Development ; Migrant Teacher ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools::JNLC Secondary schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNS Teaching of specific groups & persons with special educational needs ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy & theory of education::JNAM Moral & social purpose of education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLC Secondary schools ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNS Teaching of students with different educational needs ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education::JNAM Moral and social purpose of education
    Language: English
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    Chapter 3 Autonomous offender ships and international maritime security law (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Autonomous Ships and the Law | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Interest in autonomous ships has grown exponentially over the past few years. Whereas a few years ago, the prospect of unmanned and autonomous vessels sailing on the seas was considered unrealistic, the debate now centers on when and in what format and pace the development will take place. Law has a key role to play in this development and legal obstacles are often singled out as principal barriers to the rapid introduction of new technologies in shipping. Within a few years, autonomous ships have turned from a non-issue to one of the main regulatory topics being addressed by the International Maritime Organization. However, the regulatory discussion is still in its infancy, and while many new questions have been raised, few answers have been provided to them to date.　 Increased automation of tasks that have traditionally been undertaken by ships' crews raises interesting legal questions across the whole spectrum of maritime law.　The first of its kind, this book explores the issue of autonomous ships from a wide range of legal perspectives, including　both　private law and　public law　at international and national level,　making available cutting-edge research which will be of significant interest to researchers in maritime law.
    Keywords: Autonomous offender ships,maritime security law,SUA Convention,Autonomous Ships,Offender Ships,UNCLOS Article,Victim Ship,Remote Crew,Maritime Security,Houthi Rebels,System’s Independence,Autonomous Offender,Ship Automation,Harvard Draft Convention,ECDIS,Piracy Suspects,Maritime Crimes,SUA,Domestic Criminal Prosecutions,Explosive Laden Boats,IMO Instrument,Adjudicative Jurisdiction,EEZ,Pirate Ship,Piracy Provision,Terrorist Intent,Suppression Conventions ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBD International law of transport, communications & commerce::LBDM International maritime law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNP Financial law::LNPD Capital markets & securities law & regulation
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    Power Politics, Banking Union and EMU (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book examines the politics of Banking Union and EMU reform in the EU, and draws lessons for what it means for international politics, both in Europe, and for international relations more broadly. It demonstrates that most of the reforms in Europe to break free of the Eurozone and banking crises in which Europe continues to find itself focus on building up the capacities of national authorities rather than European ones. The result is that national authorities remain largely in control of the decisions and funds that are to be deployed to prevent economic disaster if a single EU bank fails. The likely outcome is an accelerated balkanization of the European market for the foreseeable future. The book also contends that power politics, and realism in particular, is a defining feature of European politics with coercion and enforced national responsibility at the demand of Germany; the dominant form of institution-building that established the responsible sovereignty model, and shut down the possibility of alternatives. In making this case, the book demonstrates that the dominant view in international relations, that power politics best explains the behaviour of states, also apply to the EU. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of the Eurozone crisis, EU politics, economic policy, and more broadly to political economy, public policy and international relations.
    Keywords: German Government ; European Systemic Risk Board ; Public Backstop ; EU Law ; Responsible Sovereignty ; EU Institution ; National Resolution Authorities ; Resolution Authorities ; EU Treaty ; EU Member State ; Single Supervisory Mechanism ; European Economic Governance ; Enforcement Pyramid ; Liberal Intergovernmentalism ; Single Resolution Mechanism ; ESM Treaty ; Basel Iii ; EU Bank ; National Resolution ; European Banking Authority ; Resolution Fund ; Basel Iii Rule ; AQR ; DGS ; European Semester ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCL International economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCL International economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
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    Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion in European Union Law (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This book examines the potential role of European Union law in combating poverty and social exclusion in the European Union. Anti-poverty strategies have been part of the European Union agenda for decades. Most saliently, over a decade ago, the EU’s Member States pledged to lift 20 million people out of poverty. In spite of this commitment, the EU did not even meet a quarter of this target, and over 113 million people still were at risk of poverty and social exclusion by the end of 2020. This book addresses the incongruence between a quite developed EU policy strategy and a well-embedded legal objective on the one hand, and the lack of direct legal action on the other. Analysing the role of social policy instruments, fundamental rights, and the constitutional framework of the European Union, it makes a detailed case for a contribution of EU law to the policy objective of combating poverty and social exclusion. Drawing on work in law, politics, social policy and economics, this book will interest scholars and policymakers in the areas of EU law, labour and social security, human rights, political science and social and public policy.
    Keywords: EU Level;European Semester;EU Institution;Member States;EU Social Policy;Fundamental Social Rights;EU Legal Instrument;Social Protection Systems;EU Instrument;Minimum Income Schemes;Headline Target;Reference Budgets;EU Law;In-work Poverty;EU Value;EU Legislator;Minimum Income;Integrated Guidelines;Minimum Income Benefits;EU Primary Law;EU Priority;EU Legal Act;Union's Policy Objective;Generation EU;Implement EU Law ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAQ Law and society, sociology of law ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBR Public international law: human rights ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNT Social law and Medical law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms::JPVC Civics and citizenship ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFA Social discrimination and social justice
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    The Hybrid Face (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: This original and interdisciplinary volume explores the contemporary semiotic dimensions of the face from both scientific and sociocultural perspectives, putting forward several traditions, aspects, and signs of the human utopia of creating a hybrid face. The book semiotically delves into the multifaceted realm of the digital face, exploring its biological and social functions, the concept of masks, the impact of COVID-19, AI systems, digital portraiture, symbolic faces in films, viral communication, alien depictions, personhood in video games, online intimacy, and digital memorials. The human face is increasingly living a life that is not only that of the biological body but also that of its digital avatar, spread through a myriad of new channels and transformable through filters, post-productions, digital cosmetics, all the way to the creation of deepfakes. The digital face expresses new and largely unknown meanings, which this book explores and analyzes through an interdisciplinary but systematic approach. The volume will interest researchers, scholars, and advanced students who are interested in digital humanities, communication studies, semiotics, visual studies, visual anthropology, cultural studies, and, broadly speaking, innovative approaches about the meaning of the face in present-day digital societies.
    Keywords: AI;digital face;face studies;facial recognition;posthuman;semiotics;visual communication;visual culture ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
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    Urban Aerial Pesticide Spraying Campaigns (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: This book examines social processes that have contributed to growing pesticide use, with a particular focus on the role governments play in urban aerial pesticide spraying operations. Beyond being applied to sparsely populated farmland, pesticides have been increasingly used in densely populated urban environments, and when faced with invasive species, governments have resorted to large-scale aerial pesticide spraying operations in urban areas. This book focuses on New Zealand's 2002–2004 pesticide campaign to eradicate the Painted Apple Moth, which is the largest operation of its kind in world history, whether we consider its duration (29 months), its scope (at its peak the spraying zone was 10,632 hectares/26,272 acres), the number of sprayings that were administered (the pesticide was administered on 60 different days), or the number of people exposed to the spraying (190,000+). This book provides an in-depth understanding of the social processes that contributed to the incursion, why the government sought to eradicate the moth through aerial pesticide spraying, the ideological strategies they used to build and maintain public support, and why those strategies were effective. Urban Aerial Pesticide Spraying Campaigns will be of great interest to students and researchers of pesticides, environmental sociology, environmental history, environmental studies, political ecology, geography, medical sociology, and science and technology studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Pesticide;toxification;biosecurity;invasive species;sociology of pesticides;environmental justice;Painted Apple Moth;Aerial Pesticide Spraying;Spraying Operation;Pesticide Spraying;Foreign Species;Tussock Moth;Aerial Spraying;Spray Zone;Health Risk Assessment;Biosecurity Threat;Argentine Ant;Mediterranean Fruit Fly;Attenuate Risk Perceptions;Spraying Campaign;Aedes Albopictus;Asian Tiger Mosquito;Uncomfortable Knowledge;CAG;Zebra Mussels;West Aucklanders;Auckland District Health Board ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAC Agriculture & related industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming::TVB Agricultural science ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming::TVP Pest control ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry::PSBT Toxicology (non-medical) ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBS Medical sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSG Urban communities
    Language: English
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    Creative Work (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: How do creative workers work? This book brings together insights from a range of relevant disciplines to help answer this significant research question. Featuring case studies from the European context, contributors tap into the experiences and practices from creative workers, demonstrating their attempts to navigate a changing environment which affects spaces, identities, and professional roles. As cross-disciplinary re-thinking of work, labour processes and management practices in the creative and cultural industries, the book offers perspectives on the importance of highlighting creative work as a phenomenon and practice beyond a particular industry, market, or public sector. Providing an opportunity to expand our conception of what creative work is, the book draws on studies of a range of activities, practices and sectors that are usually included in the cultural and creative industries as well as ones that are more untraditional. The result is a volume that will interest students, practictioners, and scholars with an interest in the creative industries. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
    Keywords: public policy ; performing arts ; social innovation ; working spaces ; entrepreneurship ; business ; social media ; urban creativity ; fashion industry ; publishing ; mental health ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel and human resources management ; thema EDItEUR::S Sports and Active outdoor recreation::SC Sport: general::SCG Sports training and coaching ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBL Sociology: work and labour
    Language: English
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    Broken Bodies, Places and Objects (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Broken Bodies, Places and Objects demonstrates the breadth of fragmentation and fragment use in prehistory and history and provides an up-to-date insight into current archaeological thinking around the topic. A seal broken and shared by two trade parties, dog jaws accompanying the dead in Mesolithic burials, fragments of ancient warships commodified as souvenirs, parts of an ancient dynastic throne split up between different colonial collections… Pieces of the past are everywhere around us. Fragments have a special potential precisely because of their incomplete format – as a new matter that can reference its original whole but can also live on with new, unrelated meanings. Deliberate breakage of bodies, places and objects for the use of fragments has been attested from all time periods in the past. It has now been over 20 years since John Chapman’s major publication introducing fragmentation studies, and the topic is more present than ever in archaeology. This volume offers the first European-wide review of the concept of fragmentation, collecting case studies from the Neolithic to Modernity and extending the ideas of fragmentation theory in new directions. The book is written for scholars and students in archaeology, but it is also relevant for neighbouring fields with an interest in material culture, such as anthropology, history, cultural heritage studies, museology, art and architecture.
    Keywords: Bodies ; fragmentation ; fragmentation studies ; Cultural studies ; Material culture ; museology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology::NKD Archaeology by period / region ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology::NKA Archaeological theory
    Language: English
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    Vaccine Hesitancy in the Nordic Countries (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bringing together studies from across the Nordic region, this book examines the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on vaccine hesitancy. Shedding light on the political tensions that emerged as a result of the pandemic and the debates that ensued both within and between the Nordic nations, it investigates the vociferous discussions surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines and their presumed negative side effects through the lens of trust; trust in and between the neighbouring countries, in healthcare systems, fellow citizens, and experts; in public authorities, politicians, researchers, journalists, and pharmaceutical companies. The first volume to explore vaccine hesitancy in the Scandinavian context, this ground-breaking volume offers fresh perspectives on vaccine scepticism not as a form of ignorance or lack of knowledge, but as a manifestation of a more fundamental lack of faith in modern government and science. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, politics, anthropology, media studies, communication and cultural studies with interests in public health, popular and political discourse and questions of public trust. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
    Keywords: healthcare systems;politicians;COVID-19;pandemic;coronavirus;pharmaceutical companies;vaccination;Scandinavia;Nordic region;trust;social trust;side-effects;vaccine;hesitancy;resistance;scepticism;skepticism;reluctance;science;sociology;media studies;authority;government;politics;anthropology;Norway;Sweden;Denmark;Finland;communication ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWC Political campaigning and advertising ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBS Medical sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFN Health, illness and addiction: social aspects
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    New Narratives of Russian and East European Art (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This book brings together thirteen scholars to introduce the newest and most cutting-edge research in the field of Russian and East European art history. Reconsidering canonical figures, re-examining prevalent debates, and revisiting aesthetic developments, the book challenges accepted histories and entrenched dichotomies in art and architecture from the nineteenth century to the present. In doing so, it resituates the artistic production of this region within broader socio-cultural currents and analyzes its interconnections with international discourse, competing political and aesthetic ideologies, and continuous discussions over identity.
    Keywords: Tsar Alexander III ; Artist’s Model ; Greenery Cap ; Mikhail Vrubel ; Konstantin Korovin ; Hungarian National Gallery ; Aleksandr Gerasimov ; East European Art ; Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ; Fireplace Screen ; State Tretyakov Gallery ; Moscow Artists ; Aleksandr Rodchenko ; Viktor Vasnetsov ; Nonidentity Problem ; Repin’s Painting ; State Historical Museum ; Mir Iskusstva ; Act III ; Avant Gardist Art ; Brussels World Fair ; Prince Igor ; Nizhnii Novgorod ; El Lissitzky ; Contemporary Russian Art ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MN 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899 ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AB The arts: general topics::ABA Theory of art
    Language: English
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    Water in Ancient Mediterranean Households (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book provides the first detailed study of the water supply of households in antiquity. Chapters explore settings from Classical Greece to the Late Roman Empire across a wide variety of environments, from dry deserts and moderate Mediterranean zones to wet and temperate climates further north. The different case studies presented in each chapter are united by three intimately interconnected aspects. The first, rainwater harvesting in cisterns, provides detailed techno-hydraulic investigations of the household water supply systems. The second aspect, households and water at the margins, stresses how domestic water supply systems were successfully adapted to unusually harsh environmental conditions. The third, other waters for houses, focuses on other types of water supply systems (rivers, water-bearers, stepped pools, wells) and their life biographies. As shown by the different chapters, a careful study of a household’s water supply is a rich source of evidence for understanding everyday decisions, anxieties, and changes in life. They also build towards a greater understanding of the social inequalities that are at play in the ancient Mediterranean and beyond, providing a wealth of new research to greatly augment our understanding of water as a resource in the ancient Mediterranean. Providing a new and important perspective on a central part of everyday life in the ancient world, this book is aimed at archaeologists and historians of the ancient Mediterranean, notably the Greek and Roman worlds, especially those with an interest in ancient households and water culture.
    Keywords: Water,Rivers,Classical Greece,Late Roman Empire,Mediterranean,Ancient Mediterranean Households ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
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    Agency, Security and Governance of Small States (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Agency, Security and Governance of Small States examines what seems to be a defining paradox of Small-State Studies: the simultaneous coexistence (and possible co-dependence) of vulnerability and opportunity related to small-state size. This book analyses small states within the framework of this apparent paradox. Traditionally, Small-State Studies has focused on three guiding questions: what constitutes a ‘small state’? What explains small-state influence in global affairs? Are small states truly vulnerable to security threats given the expansion of multilateralism and regionalism throughout the world? This book contends that new questions should be asked which recognise the important shifts in twenty-first century security paradigms, to better understand how some states deploy their smallness as a resource for agency in supranational contexts. By varying historical, geographical, security, and governance contexts, the book embraces a most-different-cases approach. The historical perspective is often neglected in Small-State Studies but contributes to understanding how small states have often, over time, transformed perceived insecurity into agency. By focusing on different world regions, the authors enable the comparative analysis of collective actions, and the creation and implementation of institutions for ‘common sense purposes’ within a geographical region. Of particular contemporary importance, the book includes contributions which contend with hard-security issues alongside other soft-security challenges. The comparison of case studies confirms that hard-security vulnerability and soft-security opportunities seem to be two sides of the same coin, which reinforces the book’s focus on small-state paradoxes, and raises the question of whether smallness can be considered the defining characteristic of governance in these countries. This book will have a broad appeal because of the different world regions it analyses. It will be of interest to postgraduate students, scholars, and researchers of international relations, security, sustainability, governance, development, and political economy, as well as Small-State Studies.
    Keywords: Small State; Politics; IR; Extantism; ASIDS; Vulnerability; Opportunity; Multilateral; Development; Political Economy; Agency; Security; Region; GLOBSEC; Status; Democracy; Global; Governance; International Relations; Securitisation; NATO; Sustainable; Foreign Policy; Sovereignty; Domestic; Dependence; Paradox ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    Chapter 4 Feedback Interactivo y Autonomía (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 introduces the key concepts of sociocultural theory (SCT) as they apply to the teaching and acquisition of Spanish as a second and foreign language. Contributions from leading experts from across the globe, both well-established and emerging scholars, offer an in-depth view of how a sociocultural approach can impact the teaching and learning of Spanish. The first book on this subject to be written in Spanish, this unique volume examines the transformation that sociocultural ideas are producing and conceives learning and development as sociocultural and interpersonal activities. It highlights the objective of evaluation and research as dynamic intervention tools for learning and growth, the active role learners must play, and how a sociocultural approach illuminates the importance of mediation in the learning and development processes of the individual. Key features include: An interview with James P. Lantolf, one of the most prominent researchers in SCT applied to second languages A consistent use of sociocultural theory terminology in Spanish throughout A homogeneous chapter structure which makes it easy to consult Its own newly developed theoretical and research proposals An online glossary of relevant terms in sociocultural theory with brief definitions Designed for those with no prior knowledge of the subject area, Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 provides straightforward and accessible explanations of SCT accompanied by specific and practical applications for the language classroom. It is an essential resource for anyone teaching or studying to teach Spanish, as well as researchers in Spanish second language acquisition.
    Description: Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 es una introducción académica a conceptos clave de la teoría sociocultural aplicada a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de español como segunda lengua y lengua extranjera. Los capítulos han sido escritos por expertos de todo el mundo, tanto por investigadores y profesores de larga trayectoria como por nuevos investigadores. La obra ofrece una revisión detallada del impacto de las ideas socioculturales en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de español. Es el primer libro que se publica en español con este enfoque. En sus páginas se documenta la transformación que el enfoque sociocultural está produciendo en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de segundas lenguas, en su investigación y evaluación, y en la formación docente. La obra concibe el aprendizaje y el desarrollo como actividades socioculturales e interpersonales, y destaca el objetivo de la evaluación y de la investigación como herramientas de intervención dinámica para el aprendizaje y crecimiento y, finalmente, cómo un enfoque sociocultural ilumina la importancia de la mediación en los procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo de la persona. El volumen tiene las siguientes características: Incluye una entrevista con James P. Lantolf, uno de los investigadores más prominentes de la teoría sociocultural aplicada a las segundas lenguas Un uso consistente de la terminología de la teoría sociocultural en español a lo largo de toda la obra Cada capítulo tiene una estructura homogénea, lo cual facilita su consulta No reproduce la literatura existente en inglés, sino que desarrolla propuestas teóricas y de investigación propias y novedosas Incluye un glosario, disponible en línea, de términos relevantes en la teoría sociocultural con breves definiciones Diseñado y pensado para aquellos sin conocimientos previos de la teoría, Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 ofrece explicaciones claras y accesibles sobre la TSC acompañadas de ejemplos concretos y aplicaciones prácticas para la clase de lenguas. Es un recurso esencial para cualquiera que enseñe español LE/L2, así como para quienes investiguen su adquisición.
    Keywords: feedback interactivo,regulación,autonomía,tutorías,expresión escrita,expresión oral,interactive feedback,regulation,autonomy,tutoring,writing,speaking ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CJ Language teaching and learning
    Language: Spanish
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    Regional Policy in the Southern African Development Community (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This book analyses regional development policy or the lack thereof in the Southern African Development Community (SADC), which forms a key trading bloc on the African continent as well as the Global South. It explores the main attributes relevant to the formulation of regional policy in terms of socio-economic policies as well as spatial planning instruments. Further, it integrates macro and sectoral policy frameworks and applies the goals and objectives thereof practically through the appropriate and timely application of spatial targeting instruments within the SADC as a developing region. The focus of the research is to reflect on the social, economic, environmental, and political arguments through a focused analysis of relevant planning instruments, policies, and barriers in terms of the regional policy goals for the SADC region. The book provides insight into the role of the SADC in the context of regional development, analyses regional policy on a national, regional, and continental scale with reference to the SADC, and evaluates the inherent potential in the regional economy as well as barriers to regional development. It identifies gaps in the existing regional policy framework of the region and its constituent members and makes recommendations for improved regional policy frameworks and their implementation. The book is targeted at scholars, researchers, and students studying international trade as well as regional and economic development, and urban and regional planning and policy. It will also be a useful resource for policymakers, as it provides practical policy guidelines for improved regional planning towards a comprehensive regional policy framework. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Southern African Development Corridor;spatial integration;regional policy;trading blocs;regional integration;developing countries;Southern African Development Community ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCD Economics of industrial organization ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSD Urban communities ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVS Regional / urban economics
    Language: English
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    Art Historiography and Iconologies Between West and East (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This volume explores a basic question in the historiography of art: the extent to which iconology was a homogenous research method in its own immutable right. By contributing to the rejection of the universalizing narrative, these case studies argue that there were many strands of iconology. Methods that differed from the ‘canonised’ approach of Panofsky were proposed by Godefridus Johannes Hoogewerff and Hans Sedlmayr. Researchers affiliated with the Warburg Institute in London also chose to distance themselves from Panofsky’s work. Poland, in turn, was the breeding ground for yet another distinct variety of iconology. In Communist Czechoslovakia there were attempts to develop a ‘Marxist iconology’. This book, written by recognized experts in the field, examines these and other major strands of iconology, telling the tale of iconology’s reception in the countries formerly behind the Iron Curtain. Attitudes there ranged from enthusiastic acceptance in Poland, to critical reception in the Soviet Union, to reinterpretation in Czechoslovakia and the German Democratic Republic, and, finally, to outright rejection in Romania. The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, visual studies, and historiography.
    Keywords: art history,iconology,center,centre,periphery,Poland,methodology,politics,Warburg Institute,communism,Europe,Marxism,Soviet Union,Soviet bloc,social realism,Estonia,Czechoslovakia,German Democratic Republic,Germany,Romania,Western Europe,Eastern Europe,art historian,intellectual history,oppression,Central Europe,architecture,Godefridus Johannes Hoogewerff,Ernst H. Kantorowicz,Hans Sedlmayr,Jan Białostocki,Zofia Ameisenowa,Lech Kalinowski,Erwin Panofsky,Mikhail Liebmann,Mikhail Sokolov,Prague,Helga Sciurie,Jena,Friedrich Mobius ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art
    Language: English
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    Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 introduces the key concepts of sociocultural theory (SCT) as they apply to the teaching and acquisition of Spanish as a second and foreign language. Contributions from leading experts from across the globe, both well-established and emerging scholars, offer an in-depth view of how a sociocultural approach can impact the teaching and learning of Spanish. The first book on this subject to be written in Spanish, this unique volume examines the transformation that sociocultural ideas are producing and conceives learning and development as sociocultural and interpersonal activities. It highlights the objective of evaluation and research as dynamic intervention tools for learning and growth, the active role learners must play, and how a sociocultural approach illuminates the importance of mediation in the learning and development processes of the individual. Key features include: An interview with James P. Lantolf, one of the most prominent researchers in SCT applied to second languages A consistent use of sociocultural theory terminology in Spanish throughout A homogeneous chapter structure which makes it easy to consult Its own newly developed theoretical and research proposals An online glossary of relevant terms in sociocultural theory with brief definitions Designed for those with no prior knowledge of the subject area, Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 provides straightforward and accessible explanations of SCT accompanied by specific and practical applications for the language classroom. It is an essential resource for anyone teaching or studying to teach Spanish, as well as researchers in Spanish second language acquisition.
    Description: Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 es una introducción académica a conceptos clave de la teoría sociocultural aplicada a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de español como segunda lengua y lengua extranjera. Los capítulos han sido escritos por expertos de todo el mundo, tanto por investigadores y profesores de larga trayectoria como por nuevos investigadores. La obra ofrece una revisión detallada del impacto de las ideas socioculturales en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de español. Es el primer libro que se publica en español con este enfoque. En sus páginas se documenta la transformación que el enfoque sociocultural está produciendo en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de segundas lenguas, en su investigación y evaluación, y en la formación docente. La obra concibe el aprendizaje y el desarrollo como actividades socioculturales e interpersonales, y destaca el objetivo de la evaluación y de la investigación como herramientas de intervención dinámica para el aprendizaje y crecimiento y, finalmente, cómo un enfoque sociocultural ilumina la importancia de la mediación en los procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo de la persona. El volumen tiene las siguientes características: Incluye una entrevista con James P. Lantolf, uno de los investigadores más prominentes de la teoría sociocultural aplicada a las segundas lenguas Un uso consistente de la terminología de la teoría sociocultural en español a lo largo de toda la obra Cada capítulo tiene una estructura homogénea, lo cual facilita su consulta No reproduce la literatura existente en inglés, sino que desarrolla propuestas teóricas y de investigación propias y novedosas Incluye un glosario, disponible en línea, de términos relevantes en la teoría sociocultural con breves definiciones Diseñado y pensado para aquellos sin conocimientos previos de la teoría, Teoría sociocultural y español LE/L2 ofrece explicaciones claras y accesibles sobre la TSC acompañadas de ejemplos concretos y aplicaciones prácticas para la clase de lenguas. Es un recurso esencial para cualquiera que enseñe español LE/L2, así como para quienes investiguen su adquisición.
    Keywords: Sociocultural theory,SCT,Spanish linguistics,Spanish as a second language,Spanish as a foreign language,Spanish language pedagogy,Second language acquisition ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CJ Language teaching and learning
    Language: Spanish
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    Leadership at the Intersection of Gender and Race in Healthcare and Science (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book takes a case study approach to explore leadership narratives of women in healthcare and science, paying attention to the intersection of gender, identity, and race in each story. Putting forward a new vision and pathway inclusive of the lived experiences and contributions of women worldwide, this text proposes a strength-based approach to meeting leadership challenges. Key themes discussed include leadership redefined by those not identifying as leaders, the influence of the intersectionality of race and gender on leadership, and the implications for how we teach about leadership in healthcare and science. Grounded in theory that is translated into practice and evidenced by the leadership case studies described, the book draws out useful tools and organizational learnings to support transformation of the landscape of clinical care, education, research and policies healthcare and science. This book is an invaluable reference for leaders at all levels across healthcare and science. It is also of interest to students and academics from gender studies, leadership studies, organization and governance, anthropology, sociology, higher education, public health, social work, nursing and medicine.
    Keywords: women in science; leadership in health care; leadership case studies; health inequalities ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems & services::MBPM Medical administration & management ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MR Medical study & revision guides & reference material ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems & services ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNK Educational administration and organization ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services::MBPM Medical administration and management ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MR Medical study and revision guides and reference material ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services
    Language: English
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