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  • Elsevier  (270,499)
  • Institute of Physics  (48,993)
  • American Institute of Physics  (37,488)
  • Springer Nature  (27,475)
  • Copernicus
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2020-2024  (24,957)
  • 2020-2023  (334)
  • 1985-1989  (359,519)
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  • 101
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: The recent ability to investigate the features of magnetic field fluctuations at ion/sub-ion scales employing both measurements and simulations has clearly demonstrated how, at these scales, the current has a filamentary structure, i.e., it is not a compact structure. This points toward the idea that the current and the dissipation field may have a fractal structure. An intriguing question immediately arises: is there a relationship between the fractal topology of currents at ion/sub-ion scales and the observed spectral features at the same scales? The goal of this work is to investigate the fractal topology of currents at the Low-end of MHD inertial domain and at ion scales using Hall-MagnetoHydroDynamics and Hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell simulations. The results show a clear relationship between the fractal dimension of the current pattern and the spectral features at ion scales. The relevance of this link is discussed in connection with the dynamics of coherent plasma structures at these scales.
    Description: Published
    Description: 114253
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: Topography plays an important yet uncertain role in modulating the temporal and spatial evolution of the in- ternal structure of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). Understanding such changes is critical to characterize PDC transport regimes and their hazard. Here we combine paleomagnetic data from PDC deposits of the 18 May 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption with numerical outcomes to capture spatio-temporal temperature variations induced by topography. We show that emplacement temperatures along the northwest flank of the volcano are ≃ 100◦C colder than those recorded along the northeast flank in response to proximal topographic drops. We further report that such vertical drops lead to an initial transient regime where the PDC internal temperature, velocity, and concentration stratification is altered for periods of time that are proportional to the ratio between the drop height and the square root of the current thickness. The topographic control on PDC dynamics is attenuated moving away from the drops or when a stationary phase is attained. Collectively, our results highlight that topographic regions promoting the flow separation/reattachment process are associated with vigorous entrainment of ambient air in the lower portion of PDCs. Low temperature variability is observed in the absence of such topographic irregularities. Based on our findings, we propose a local sedimentation rate of ≃ 150 ± 100 mm s−1 for PDC deposits in a proximal reattachment region. This investigation demonstrates the importance of transient processes in PDC dynamics, introducing a new methodology to measure sedimentation rates, and highlighting that flow-topography feedbacks should be considered to assess hazards.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118441
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: In this work we describe the implementation of a processing chain for a fully automatic modeling of the seismic source parameters and its slip distribution through the inversion of the InSAR displacements generated from the EPOSAR service. This processing chain consists of a suite of procedures and algorithms handling a sequence of steps: selection of the highest quality InSAR datasets, definition of the area of interest, image sampling, nonlinear and linear inversions to get, respectively, the source geometry and its slip distribution. A set of side procedures and interfaces also allows an interactive refinement and the publication of results, consisting of scientific data and graphical outputs. The whole procedure has been developed, tested and validated by considering 100 events with magnitudes between 5.5 and 8.2, worldwide distributed and covering an exhaustive range of mechanisms and tectonic contexts. Main aim of this work is describing the implementation of the automatic modeling procedures, used to produce solutions in real time, already during the emergency phase. These sources, validated by experts before their publication, can be a reference for operational purposes and initial scientific analyses. The creation of this repository sets also the framework to store, out of the emergency time, more sophisticated solutions, manually revised and/or with peer-review quality.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103445
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: The plumbing systems of subduction-zone volcanoes consist of magma reservoirs with different degrees of evolution at multiple depths. The geometries of plumbing system of intraplate monogenetic volcanic fields are generally characterized by basaltic magma ascending from the mantle and/or a shallower reservoir along dikes. However, the shape and vertical extent of these plumbing systems are largely unknown due to the rareness of robust geophysical data. The possible role of faults and mountain chains in controlling the geometry of magma reservoirs is also poorly understood. To address these limitations, we present a three-dimensional resistivity structure beneath the Holocene Jingpohu Monogenetic Volcanic Field (JMVF) in the Zhangguangcai Range (ZGC), northeastern China. The resistivity model was derived from the magnetotelluric data in a dense net-like array. We identified an inverted cone-shaped high-resistivity (~10,000 Ω m) anomaly below the ZGC. This anomaly traverses almost the entire crust. We interpret this high-resistivity anomaly to be the stiff basement of the ZGC. At the base of the resistive volume, we resolved a sill-like, low-resistivity anomaly that occurs at the top of the lithospheric mantle. Sheet-like low-resistivity anomalies surrounding the high-resistivity body depart from the lithospheric mantle. We interpret these sill- and sheet-like anomalies as a trans-crustal saucer-shaped magma plumbing system beneath the JMVF. This system involves multi-level magma reservoirs, including basaltic magma at its base, basaltic dikes/sills swarms in the middle and sill intrusions in the upper crust. We propose that the stiff crustal root and the topographic loading of the ZGC work together to deflect the upward magma propagation towards the edges of the ZGC. The magma ascent to the surface is probably controlled by preexisting, lithospheric faults. Our data show how mountain chains, together with the crustal structure, play a key role in controlling the geometry of multi-level plumbing systems of intraplate monogenetic volcanic fields.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118523
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 105
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: Between Permian to Triassic, the Earth experienced climatic and biotic crises, included the greatest mass extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary. These climatic and biological changes are reflected in both marine and terrestrial depositional systems. Over this time span, the Gondwana supercontinent hosted numerous large basins that may preserve the paleoenvironment response to global changes in the sedimentary record. This study provides a lithostratigraphic reappraisal of the latest Paleozoic-Mesozoic alluvial Beacon Supergroup at Allan Hills (Convoy Range), which is one of the most complete sedimentary sequences in Antarctica. Fieldwork stratigraphic-lithological observation, facies analysis, and petrographic characterization of sedimentary rocks allow the identification of six depositional units. The investigations point out for a conformable relationship between depositional and lithostratigraphic units, characterized by changes in the fluvial style. The reconnaissance of a “transitional interval” showing intermediate features between the Permian Weller Coal Measures and the Triassic Feather Conglomerate strengthen the conformable nature of the sequence across the Permian-Triassic boundary in this region. The lithological features of such interval strongly resemble those observed in the coeval deeply studied Eastern Australia successions crossing the Permian-Triassic boundary as well as the end-Permian extinction. More precisely, the uppermost coal occurrence, just above a glossopterid macroflora-bearing carbonaceous mudstone within the “transitional interval”, marks the disappearance of coal-peat forming Permian vegetation which corresponds with the terrestrial end-Permian extinction, thus representing one of the few end- Permian extinction records in Antarctica.
    Description: Published
    Description: 111741
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Gondwana ; Southern Victoria ; Land Stratigraphy ; Permian-Triassic boundary ; Beacon ; Supergroup ; Allan Hills
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 106
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: Thanks to the computational power of modern cluster machines, numerical simulations can provide, with an unprecedented level of details, new insights into fluid mechanics. However, taking full advantage of this hardware remains challenging since data communication remains a significant bottleneck to reaching peak performances. Reducing floating point precision is a simple and effective way to reduce data movement and improve the computational speed of most applications. Nevertheless, special care needs to be taken to ensure the quality and convergence of computed solutions, especially when dealing with complex fluid simulations. In this work, we analyse the impact of reduced (single and mixed compared to double) precision on computational performance and accuracy for computational fluid dynamics. Using the open source library OpenFOAM, we consider incompressible, compressible, and multiphase fluid solvers for testing on relevant benchmarks for flows in the laminar and turbulent regime and in the presence of shock waves. Computational gain and changes in the scalability of applications in reduced precision are also discussed. In particular, an ad hoc theoretical model for the strong scaling allows us to interpret and understand the observed behaviours, as a function of floating point precision and hardware specifics. Finally, we show how reduced precision can significantly speed up a hybrid CPU–GPU implementation, made available to OpenFOAM end-users recently, that simply relies on a GPU linear algebra solver developed by hardware vendors.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-16
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 107
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: In the Apennine Mountains of the Italian Peninsula, GPS data display 3–4 mm/yr of divergent motion oriented N50°E between the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coastlines. However, the mechanisms driving this extension remain debated and along-strike variations of extension within the actively deforming belt remain poorly constrained. Here, we derived the first large-scale extensional and vertical velocity field for the Apennines by multi-temporal InSAR analysis of 7 years of Sentinel-1 data at the scale of the entire range, improving the spatial resolution and vertical accuracy of existing GPS measurements. The results reveal along-strike variations of extensional rates and gradients, with extension concentrated on single fault systems in the north, consistent with the loci of seismicity and recent moderate earthquakes, and distributed throughout the central Apennines, where the range is widening. Vertical surface displacements do not resolve any active long-wavelength uplift of the orogenic belt and, on average, show more subsidence than uplift relative to the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. This work provides the first InSAR-based geodetic map of differential extension and uplift within the Italian Peninsula. Our results are compatible with a pure shear extensional model of the crust, driven by both boundary and gravitational forces.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230076
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: We analyze frictional motion for a laboratory fault as it passes through the stability transition from stable sliding to unstable motion. We study frictional stick-slip events, which are the lab equivalent of earthquakes, via dynamical system tools in order to retrieve information on the underlying dynamics and to assess whether there are dynamical changes associated with the transition from stable to unstable motion. We find that the lab seismic cycles characteristics of a low-dimensional system with average dimension similar to that of natural slow earthquakes ($〈$5). We also investigate local properties of the attractor and find maximum instantaneous dimension $\gtrsim$10, indicating that some regions of the phase space require a high number of degrees of freedom (dofs). Our analysis does not preclude deterministic chaos, but the lab seismic cycle is best explained by a random attractor based on rate- and state-dependent friction whose dynamics is stochastically perturbed. We find that minimal variations of 0.05\% of the shear and normal stresses applied to the experimental fault influence the large-scale dynamics and the recurrence time of labquakes. While complicated motion including period doubling is observed near the stability transition, even in the fully unstable regime we do not observe truly periodic behavior. Friction's nonlinear nature amplifies small scale perturbations, reducing the predictability of the otherwise periodic macroscopic dynamics. As applied to tectonic faults, our results imply that even small stress field fluctuations ($\lesssim$150 kPa) can induce coefficient of variations in earthquake repeat time of a few percent. Moreover, these perturbations can drive an otherwise fast-slipping fault, close to the critical stability condition, into a mixed behavior involving slow and fast ruptures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 117995
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Although many studies have demonstrated that arc magmas are more oxidized than mid-ocean ridge (MORB) and oceanic island basalts (OIB), the oxidation state of their mantle source is still debated. This ongoing debate is mainly due to contradictory fO2 values obtained from different proxies (e.g., Fe3+/ΣFe of olivine-hosted melt inclusions and glasses; Zn/ΣFe, V/Sc, V/Ga of lavas). On the one hand, some studies using V/Sc, V/Ga and Zn/ ΣFe of lavas tend to show that the oxidation state of the mantle beneath arcs cannot be distinguished from that of the MORB mantle. On the other, Fe3+/ΣFe of glasses and olivine-hosted melt inclusions suggest that the sub-arc mantle is more oxidized than the mantle beneath ridges. Here, we estimate the oxygen fugacity of high-Mg olivine-hosted melt inclusions from various mid-ocean ridges and arcs, from one hot spot (Reunion Island) and Mount Etna using two fO2 proxies: the Fe3+/ΣFe of melts and the partition coefficient of V between olivine and melt (Dv Ol/Melt). After assessing the role of secondary processes such as volatile degassing and fractional crystallization on the fO2 of melts and reconstructing primary melt compositions, we show that (1) fO2 values derived from Fe3+/ΣFe and Dv Ol/Melt are comparable and (2) arc and Mount Etna primary melts are more oxidized than mid-ocean ridge and Reunion Island primary melts. We then demonstrate, from Zr/Nb, that the observed variability in primary melt fO2 is not due to chemical variability of the mantle source. Finally, the correlations between incompatible trace element ratios such as Th/La, Ba/La, Ba/Th and La/Yb and the fO2 of primary melts reveal a link between the oxidized nature of arc and Mount Etna primary magmas to slab fluid and/or sediment melt influence. Our arc dataset displays a variety of subduction influences, from fluid-dominated (Aoba and Mount Meager) to sediment melt-dominated (La Sommata) influences. The origin of the oxidation of Mount Etna magmas is more complicated to identify and the nature of the oxidized metasomatic fluids that likely percolated through the mantle source before magma generation is yet to be determined. 1.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121701
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 110
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Radon is a radioactive gas and a major source of ionizing radiation exposure for humans. Consequently, it can pose serious health threats when it accumulates in confined environments. In Europe, recent legislation has been adopted to address radon exposure in dwellings; this law establishes national reference levels and guidelines for defining Radon Priority Areas (RPAs). This study focuses on mapping the Geogenic Radon Potential (GRP) as a foundation for identifying RPAs and, consequently, assessing radon risk in indoor environments. Here, GRP is proposed as a hazard indicator, indicating the potential for radon to enter buildings from geological sources. Various approaches, including multivariate geospatial analysis and the application of artificial intelligence algorithms, have been utilised to generate continuous spatial maps of GRP based on point measurements. In this study, we employed a robust multivariate machine learning algorithm (Random Forest) to create the GRP map of the central sector of the Pusteria Valley, incorporating other variables from census tracts such as land use as a vulnerability factor, and population as an exposure factor to create the risk map. The Pusteria Valley in northern Italy was chosen as the pilot site due to its well-known geological, structural, and geochemical features. The results indicate that high Rn risk areas are associated with high GRP values, as well as residential areas and high population density. Starting with the GRP map (e.g., Rn hazard), a new geological-based definition of the RPAs is proposed as fundamental tool for mapping Collective Radon Risk Areas in line with the main objective of European regulations, which is to differentiate them from Individual Risk Areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 169569
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Collective Radon Risk Areas; Geogenic Radon Potential; Machine learning; Pusteria Valley; Radon risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Uncertainty concerning the processes responsible for slip-rate fluctuations associated with temporal clustering of surface faulting earthquakes is a fundamental, unresolved issue in tectonics, because strain-rates accommodated by fault/shear-zone structures are the key to understanding the viscosity structure of the crust and seismic hazard. We constrain the timing and amplitude of slip-rate fluctuations that occurred on three active normal faults in central Italy over a time period of 20–30 kyrs, using in situ 36Cl cosmogenic dating of fault planes. We identify five periods of rapid slip on individual faults lasting a few millennia, separated time periods of up to 10 millennia with low or zero slip-rate. The rapid slip pulses migrated across the strike between the faults in two waves from SW to NE. We replicate this migration with a model where rapid slip induces changes in differential stress that drive changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that drive slip-rate variability on overlying brittle faults. Earthquakes increase the differential stress and strain-rate on underlying shear zones, which in turn accumulate strain, re-loading stress onto the overlying brittle fault. This positive feedback produces high strain-rate episodes containing several large magnitude surface faulting earthquakes (earthquake clusters), but also reduce the differential stress on the viscous portions of neighbouring fault/shear-zones slowing the occurrence of large-magnitude surface faulting earthquakes (earthquake anticlusters). Shear-zones on faults experiencing anticlusters continue to accumulate viscous strain at a lowered rate, and eventually this loads the overlying brittle fault to failure, initiating a period of rapid slip through the positive feedback process described above, and inducing lowered strain-rates onto neighbouring fault/shear-zones. We show that these patterns of differential stress change can replicate the measured earthquake clustering implied by the 36Cl data. The stress changes are related to the fault geometry in terms of distance and azimuth from the slipping structure, implying that (a) strain-rate and viscosity fluctuations for studies of continental rheology, and (b) slip-rates for seismic hazard purposes are to an extent predictable given knowledge of the fault system geometry.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105096
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active Faults ; Central Apennines ; Fault interaction
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 112
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Identifying potential dust sources of Loess-Paleosol-Sequences (LPS) is important to understand past climatic and environmental conditions. For loess deposits of Central Italy different hypothesis on particle sources have been proposed, but none of them has been tested using a comprehensive geochemical approach yet. Here we present geochemical, mineralogical and grain-size data from selected deposits of a LPS situated at Ponte Crispiero (Marche, Central Italy) to obtain first insights on the provenance of particles deposited here. Loess deposits within the Ponte Crispiero succession are rather coarse (mostly coarse silt and fine sand) indicating a dominance of proximal dust sources. Applied geochemical indices suggest the alluvial plains of the Po River (Northern Italy) and its discharging area as major particle sources. According to these findings, the so-called “Great Po Plain” hypothesis, that claims the presence of a vast alluvial landscape related to the sea-level drop of the Adriatic Sea during the Pleniglacial (i.e. Marine Isotope Stage MIS 4–2), may be considered as a realistic scenario. Such a considerable alluvial plain would have the potential as major source for silt and sand particles not only for the Ponte Crispiero LPS, but also for the loess on the Adriatic side of Central Italy. The main geochemical characteristics of Ponte Crispiero loess are the low concentrations of Zr and Hf and the high contents of carbonate and transition elements compared to the Upper Continental Crust and other European loess sections. Overall, this study contributes towards a better understanding of the provenance and origin of Italian loess. However, for further testing the “Great Po Plain” hypothesis, more (geochemical) investigations need to be conducted, especially in the surrounding areas of the Po plain.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107064
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 113
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Sea Research, Elsevier, 199, pp. 102497-102497, ISSN: 1385-1101
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Biological monitoring of planktonic animals is greatly dependent on the deployment of traps. A variety of specialized traps have been designed for surface plankton and vertebrates. However, certain groups, such as planktonic larvae of benthic marine invertebrates remain underrepresented in sampling efforts. Catching them has proven to be more challenging because of their size, swimming ability, location, and abundance. In the present study a successful light trap for sampling American lobster larvae in New Brunswick, Canada, is evaluated on the island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). Our results showed the traps were successful in catching larvae in laboratory experiments but were unable to catch European lobster larvae in the field. Traps deployed in the field were successful in capturing other benthic and pelagic zooplankton predominantly consisting of crustaceans from the orders: Cumacea, Amphipoda, Mysida and Isopoda. The low density of lobster larvae, the island's topography, and their unique photactic response possibly limited the success rate of the light traps. Future research is needed to construct a specialized trap to sample Helgoland's lobster larvae and provide information on the current larval fitness and population numbers.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: The Wadden Sea is a transition area between land, rivers, and the North Sea. It is of great ecological importance for a wide range of fish species that use it in the course of their life cycle for various purposes. It is a highly dynamic environment and is subject to strong seasonal patterns and annual variations in abiotic conditions. The Sylt-Rømø Bight (SRB) is a semi-enclosed tidal basin in the northern Wadden Sea between the islands of Sylt (Germany) and Rømø (Denmark). Monthly monitoring data of juvenile fish taken in the SRB from 2007 to 2019 were analyzed to determine the changes in species composition in comparison to previous monitoring programs (1989–1995). The long-term trends, common patterns, and potential effects of environmental parameters (sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, chlorophyll a, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) winter indices) were determined. In total, 55 species were recorded and only 22 of these together accounted for more than 95% of the total abundance for the entire monitoring. Results showed a changed species composition as we did not find two boreal, one Lusitanian, and one circum-temperate species recorded in the previous programs. Instead, one boreal, six Lusitanian, and one Atlantic species were observed for the first time. The fish community was dominated by high seasonal fluctuations of abundance with either dome-shaped, increasing, or decreasing trends. Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA) partitioned the fish community into three seasonal assemblages based on SST preferences. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) revealed that environmental parameters explained 29 % of the variations in the fish community. These variances were partly a result of the spring immigration of Lusitanian species and the emigration of boreal species and vice versa in autumn. The absence of four previously reported species and the addition of eight new species support the hypothesis that warm-adapted species are increasing in the Wadden Sea. The inclusion of these seasonal variations into conservation and management practices is critical to the sustainable management of marine and coastal ecosystems covering spawning, nursery, and feeding grounds.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 115
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Diversity and its drivers and consequences are at the heart of ecological research. Mostly, studies have focused on different species, but if the causes for increases or decreases in diversity are general, the observed patterns should also be observable within genotypes. As previous research shows that there is higher variability in nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (N/P) between slow-growing unicellular algal populations, compared to fast-growing ones, we expected to observe similar patterns within genetically identical strains growing at different rates. We tested this hypothesis in a laboratory experiment performed with a monoculture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Using a growth rate gradient obtained with 10 chemostats, we were able to determine the effect of growth rate on the diatom’s elemental stoichiometry as well as on selected traits, such as cell size and shape. Our results showed indeed less intercellular variability (in the selected traits assessed on single-cell level) in the faster-growing populations, which was accompanied by a downward trend in bulk N/P ratios. We pose that this higher variability at lower growth rates potentially results in higher variability of the food sources available for higher trophic levels with potential consequences for the transfer efficiency of energy and matter in marine food webs.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The integrated interpretation of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, seismic profiles and backscatter data in the S. Eufemia Gulf (SEG; Calabro-Tyrrhenian continental margin, south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea) documents the relationship between postglacial fault activity and morpho-sedimentary processes. Three systems of active normal faults that affect the seafloor or the shallow subsurface, have been identified: 1) the S. Eufemia fault system located on the continental shelf with fault planes mainly oriented N26E-N40E; 2) the offshore fault system that lies on the continental slope off Capo Suvero with fault planes mainly oriented N28E-N60E; 3) the Angitola Canyon fault system located on the seafloor adjacent to the canyon having fault planes oriented N60E- N85E. The faults produce a belt of linear escarpments with vertical displacement varying from a few decimeters to about 12 m. One of the most prominent active structures is the fault F1 with the highest fault length (about 9.5 km). Two main segments of this fault are identified: a segment characterised by seafloor deformation with metric slip affecting Holocene deposits; a segment characterised by folding of the seafloor. A combined tectono- stratigraphic model of an extensional fault propagation fold is proposed here to explain such different deformation. In addition to the seabed escarpments produced by fault deformation, in the SEG, a strong control of fault activity on recent sedimentary processes is clearly observed. For example, canyons and channels frequently change their course in response to their interaction with main tectonic structures. Moreover, the upper branch of the Angitola Canyon shows straight flanks determined by fault scarps. Tectonics also determined different sediment accumulation rates and types of sedimentation (e.g., the accumulation of hanging wall turbidite deposits and the development of contourite deposits around the Maida Ridge). Furthermore, the distribution of landslides is often connected to main fault scarps and fluids are locally confined in the hanging wall side of faults and can escape at the seabed, generating pockmarks aligned along their footwall.
    Description: Published
    Description: 108775
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: High-resolution mapping ; Active faults ; Submarine landslides ; Tectonic geomorphology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 117
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Tectono-stratigraphic analysis coupled with digital 3D surface modelling derived from high-resolution seismic profiles is performed along a narrow turbidite basin offshore E-Sicily in order to increase understanding on the processes that contributed to the shaping of the Western Ionian Basin. Seismic-reflector patterns of the identified Pliocene-Quaternary sequence point to syn-depositional deformation during the Pliocene associated with the simultaneous activity of regional faults and underlying ductile units. Long-wavelength sediment fanning results from the extensional activity of the Malta Escarpment faults. Conversely, internal reflector architecture and lateral terminations indicate localized subsidence associated with the growth of uprising structures in the easternmost part of the basin. Lateral shifting of basin depocenters is in line with withdrawal effects observed in basins floored by ductile units (salt or shale). 3D modelling of time-reference surfaces highlights sub-circular depressions associated with nearby structural culminations. This pattern is similar to salt-withdrawal mini- basins commonly reported in evaporite-floored basins. Accordingly, salt migration/flow triggered by sediment loading, locally enhanced by fault activity, is proposed as the process controlling basin evolution during the Pliocene in the Western Ionian Domain. Nevertheless, the possibility of shale/mud tectonics as the ductile source of deformation cannot be discounted
    Description: Published
    Description: 104932
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Syn-depositional deformation ; Ductile flow ; Turbidite basin ; Western Ionian Basin
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The chemical composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in interstitial soil gases from hydrothermal areas is commonly shaped by both deep hydrothermal conditions (e.g., temperature, redox, sulfur fugacity) and shallow secondary processes occurring near the soil-atmosphere interface. Caldara di Manziana and Solfatara di Nepi, i.e., two hydrothermal systems characterized by diverse physicochemical conditions located in the Sabatini Volcanic District and Vicano-Cimino Volcanic District, respectively (Central Italy), were investigated to evaluate the capability of VOCs in soil gases to preserve information from the respective feeding deep fluid reservoirs. Hierarchical cluster analyses and robust principal component analyses allowed recognition of distinct groups of chemical parameters of soil gases collected from the two study areas. The compositional dissimilarities from the free-gas discharges were indeed reflected by the chemical features of soil gases collected from each site, despite the occurrence of shallow processes, e.g., air mixing and microbial degradation processes, affecting VOCs. Four distinct groups of VOCs were recognized suggesting similar sources and/or geochemical behaviors, as follows: (i) S-bearing compounds, whose abundance (in particular that of thiophenes) was strictly dependent on the sulfur fugacity in the feeding system; (ii) C4,5,7+ alkanes, n-hexane, cyclics and alkylated aromatics, related to relatively low-temperature conditions at the gas source; (iii) C2,3 alkanes, benzene, benzaldehyde and phenol, i.e., stable compounds and thermal degradation products; and (iv) aliphatic O-bearing compounds, largely influenced by shallow processes within the soil. However, they maintain a chemical speciation that preserves a signature derived from the supplying deep-fluids, with aldehydes and ketones becoming more enriched after intense interaction of the hypogenic fluids with shallow aquifers. Accordingly, the empirical results of this study suggest that the chemical composition of VOCs in soil gases from hydrothermal areas provides insights into both deep source conditions and fluid circulation dynamics, identifying VOCs as promising geochemical tracers for geothermal exploration.
    Description: Published
    Description: 169047
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Central Italy; Geochemical tracers; Hydrothermal reservoirs; Soil gases; VOCs
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) was launched successfully in February 2018. It is China's first satellite to measure geophysical fields with scientific goals in both space and solid earth physics. In this work, we used CSES scalar magnetic data to derive a global lithospheric magnetic field model between ±65° geographic latitudes. The nightside data from March 2018 to November 2022 under quiet space weather conditions were selected. Then, the core and external fields were removed with the CHAOS-7 model. After further data quality control, the data were used to build a lithospheric magnetic field model using a spherical harmonic analysis. The obtained CSES model was compared with the CHAOS-7, CM6, and MF7 models in terms of power spectra and anomaly details, which confirmed that the CSES scalar data had good quality and could provide a reliable lithospheric magnetic field model up to degree 42.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107036
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: The Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex is one of the most studied active volcanic systems in the South American Andean range, and yet little research has focused on trace and rare-earth elements of waters, especially during an eruptive cycle. In this study, we sampled and investigated natural waters from 23 sites (involving the crater lake, hot springs, streams, rivers, and bubbling pools) in two campaigns in 2017 and 2018, using physi cochemical parameters, major, trace and rare-earth elements concentrations. With this novel dataset, it was possible to identify, characterize and compare three groups of waters with distinctive hydrofacies. Indeed, the normalization of water compositions against host rock concentrations showed a particular trace element pattern for each group of waters. Although the absolute concentrations of the elements in each sampling site changed from 2017 to 2018, the normalized patterns did not. Boron, As, Cd, Tl, Se, and Te, commonly recognized as volatile, are the main trace elements that magmatic gases supply to the system headwaters, whereas elements such as Ca, K, and Ba are affected by precipitation of secondary minerals (gypsum, anhydrite, barite, jarosite, and alunite). Furthermore, the main river draining the summit volcano shows a steep decrease in As, Cr, and V concentrations correlated to the precipitation of Fe and Al hydroxysulfates (schwertmannite and basaluminite, respectively). Moreover, it is the first time that a comparison between the different water groups is made using the patterns of the rare-earth elements, allowing us to identify and separate depletion patterns due to dilution processes from those due to precipitation processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121602
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Copahue volcano ; Hydrological system ; Geothermal ; Trace elements ; Rare earth elements
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 121
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: In this work, we present new biostratigraphic and paleoecological data from the Mignone River valley, located in the central sector of the Tyrrhenian Sea margin and part of the wider Tarquinia basin, and cores in the area of Rome. By combining the new paleontological information with a review of the extant literature, we re-examine the stratigraphic architecture of the Pliocene succession in the central sector of the northwestern Tyrrhenian Sea margin, spanning the Zanclean (MPl1; 5.33–5.08 Ma) through the early Piacenzian (MPl4b; 3.57–3.31 Ma), and of the following Pleistocene transgressive-regressive sequence, comprising the Gelasian (MPl6; 2.59–1.81 Ma) through the Santernian (MPl1; 1.81–1.5 Ma). We propose a revision of the paleogeographic evolution of the central Tyrrhenian Sea basins throughout the Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene interval, by coherently framing it within the chronology of the volcanic phases that occurred in this region. In particular, our reconstruction points toward the presence of a single Transgressive- Regressive (T-R) sequence starting with the Zanclean reflooding of the Mediterranean after the Messinian Salinity Crisis and ending in the Piacenzian, as opposed to the previously proposed occurrence of two depositional T-R sequences separated by an erosional phase affecting part of the Globorotalia puncticulata biozone.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-20
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pliocene ; Pleistocene ; Biostratigraphy ; Tyrrhenian sea margin ; Paleoenvironments ; Depositional T-R sequence
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: The Latin American Giant Observatory (LAGO) is a ground-based observatory studying solar or high-energy astrophysics transient events. LAGO takes advantage of its distributed network of Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs) in Latin America as a tool to measure the secondary particle flux reaching the ground. These secondary particles are produced during the interaction between the modulated cosmic rays flux and the atmosphere. The LAGO WCDs are sensitive to secondary charged particles, high energy photons through pair creation and Compton scattering, and even neutrons thanks to, e.g., the deuteration of protons in the water volume. The pulse shape generated by these particles depends on several factors, such as the detector geometry, the water purity, the sensor response, or the reflectivity and diffusivity of the inner coating. Due to the decentralized nature of LAGO, these properties are different for each node. Additionally, the pulse shape depends on the convolution between the response of the central photomultiplier (PMT) to individual photons and the time distribution of the Cherenkov photons reaching the PMT. Typically, a WCD gives pulses with a sharp rise time ( 10 ns) and a longer decay time ( 70 ns). In this work, the WCD data used is acquired using the original LAGO data-acquisition system that digitizes pulses at a sampling rate of 40 MHz and 10 bits resolution on time windows of 400 ns. Here, we apply unsupervised machine learning techniques to find patterns in the WCDs data and subsequently create groups, through clustering, that can be used to provide particle separation. We use data acquired from an individual WCD, showing that density-based clustering algorithms are suitable for automatic particle separation producing good candidate groups. Improved separation would help LAGO to reconstruct in situ the properties of primary cosmic rays flux. These results open the possibility to deploy machine learning-based models in our distributed detection network for onboard data analysis as an operative prototype, allowing detectors to be installed at very remote sites.
    Description: Published
    Description: 168557
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: Volcanic ashes can threaten the human respiratory system through inhalation. In this study we investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of volcanic ashes from the Pomici di Avellino (PdA) eruption, an Early Bronze Age (ca. 3.9 ka) Plinian event from Somma-Vesuvius volcano, southern Italy, whose wide dispersal affected most of the Italian peninsula. In particular, we analysed particle size, shape, composition, and surface reactivity of samples from both proximal and distal locations. Our results indicate that some tephra layers north of Rome have a phonolitic composition and match that of PdA eruption; they reach grain-sizes 〈2 μm (~13.5%), thus having the potential to enter the deep respiratory system. Furthermore, the reactivity in free radical generation makes these products potentially able to cause oxidative stress within cells. While commonly no volcanic hazard assessment is made in areas far from active volcanoes, this study highlights that fine ashes from future similar large eruptions, producing high amount of highly fragmented material, can pose a health hazard even in remote, non-volcanic areas, hundreds of km away from the vent, suggesting that further studies on ash toxicity (e.g., in vitro toxicity studies) are required.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107826
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: Several high spatial resolution thermal infrared (TIR) missions are planned for the coming decade and their data will be crucial to constrain volcanic activity patterns throughout pre- and post-eruption phases. Foundational to these patterns is the subtle (1−2 K) thermal behavior, which is easily overlooked using lower spatial resolution data. In preparation for these new data, we conducted the first study using the entire twenty-two-year archive of higher spatial, lower temporal resolution TIR data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor. This archive presents a unique opportunity to quantify low-magnitude temperature anomalies and small plumes over long time periods. We developed a new statistical algorithm to automatically detect the full range of thermal activity and applied it to 〉5000 ASTER scenes of five volcanoes with well-documented eruptions. Unique to this algorithm is its ability to use both day and night data, account for clouds, quantify accurate background temperatures, and dynamically scale depending on the anomaly size. Results improve upon those from the more commonly used lower spatial resolution data, despite the less frequent temporal coverage of ASTER, and show that high spatial resolution TIR data are equally as effective. Significantly, the smaller, subtle thermal detections served as precursory signals in ∼81% of eruptions, and the algorithm's results create a framework for classifying future eruptive styles.
    Description: Published
    Description: 113704
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: This paper presents the results from a geographic information systems (GIS) workflow, which was used to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of volcanoes in the Mio-Pleistocene monogenetic Bakony- Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (BBHVF), located in the Pannonian Basin, Hungary. Volcanism occurred during the tectonic inversion in a back-arc setting and a compressive/transpressive tectonic regime on the hottest and thinnest lithosphere of continental Europe. The main goal of this study is to clarify the effect of the pre-existing structure of the upper lithosphere in the distribution of the volcanic centers across the volcanic field using an innovative GIS methodology. Orientation of the volcanic field was compared to the orientation of the faults in the BBHVF, and in its larger vicinity, which resulted in correspondence, suggesting the dominance of the SW-NE direction. The directions of the volcanic lineaments fit well to the two main fault directions. The fault-volcano proximity analysis suggests that the fault plane of a thrust fault was an important structural feature during the lifespan of the volcanism. All results suggest that the fault plane of a regionally significant Cretaceous thrust fault (Lit ́er Fault) might have served as a temporary pathway for the ascending magma, whereby (similarly to other, smaller faults) redirecting the magmas causing clustering of the volcanoes. This highlights the importance of major upper crustal structural heterogeneities for magma transport in a compressive tectonic system, espe- cially in the case of active, monogenetic volcanic fields from a volcanic hazard perspective. The present GIS workflow can be effective in analyzing the spatial patterns of the volcanism and its connection with crustal structures at monogenetic volcanic fields worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107940
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: We present the first investigation of Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) intensities across longitudinal sectors of the globe using observations from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. GNSS data from a total of 93 receiver stations located within ±20 degrees of the geomagnetic equator across the globe were used. The data covered periods of years 2014 and 2019 which are respectively years of high and low solar activity in solar cycle 24. We define a parameter known as the Standard deviation of Residual TEC (SRT) to characterize the EPB intensities. The EPB occurrence was defined by day-night differences of the rate of change of TEC index (ROTI). We observed a high correlation (r ∼ 0.80) between the magnitudes of the SRT and ROTI during the EPB occurrence, but the correlation is low (r ∼ 0.37) during non occurrence of EPB. The EPB intensities are greater during seasons with high occurrence rates. The EPB intensities and occurrence rates are also greater during the high solar activity. We found that the post-sunset intensities are greatest in the Atlantic region, followed by the African region, then the American, Australian, Asian, and Pacific regions in that order. The post-midnight intensities are greatest in the African region, followed by the Atlantic, American, Australian, Asian, and Pacific regions in that order.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106097
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 01.02. Ionosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 127
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: In the last few years, several works have analyzed rainfall regime changes with the increase of temperature as a result of global warming. These changes, documented mainly in northern Europe, still need to be clarified in the Mediterranean area. Many studies have identified sometimes contradictory trends according to the type of data used, the methodology, and the daily or subdaily types of events. Therefore, an in-depth investigation of the Mediterranean area is required for the definition of more certain future scenarios. In this study, we examined a very large database including 〉1000 raingauges and thermometers in northern and central Italy to analyze the relationship between temperature and rainfall using the relation Clausius-Clapeyron. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between temperature and extreme precipitation events (EPEs, defined as the events higher than the 95th percentile) calculating the temperature anomalies occurred during these events. This large database covers a low rainfall accumulation period (RAP) that allowed us to study the relationship between temperature and rainfall and to distinguish rapid from long events related to rainfall intensity. The results show different relationships between rainfall and temperature in relation to seasons, RAPs, rainfall intensity, and geographical factors. The high spatial density of the database made it possible to identify spatial clusters with homogenous characteristics mainly influenced by geographical factors. With an increase in temperature, the wet season is characterized by a general increase in rainfall with a higher surge for intense and fast events. Instead, the dry season shows a general rainfall decrease for less intense and longer events, but an increase in rapid and more intensive rainfall events. This outcome has further implications involving a future decrease in water availability and an increase of the EPEs, causing an extremization of the climate during the dry season for northern and central Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 163368
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Current global warming; Extreme precipitation events; Italy; Mediterranean; Temperature increase
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2024-05-10
    Description: The Changbaishan Tianchi intraplate volcano is one of the most active and hazardous volcanoes of NE Asia, characterized by a summit caldera formed after the 946 CE ‘Millennium’ Plinian eruption. From December 2020 to June 2021, the frequency and magnitude of earthquakes at Tianchi were significantly higher than during background periods, with hundreds of earthquakes (46 events per month in average) and reaching a local magnitude of ML 3.1. This study reports a comprehensive deformation analysis and geophysical inversion scheme aimed to unveil the dynamics of this period. Multi-temporal InSAR analysis results of 32 ALOS-2 images from 2018 to 2022 show that the surface deformation is a combination of seasonal fluctuations (± 25 mm in average, with a maximum ± 45 mm) and a long-term positive component. The least squares linear regression of the deformation time series and temperature data, isolates the seasonal fluctuations, revealing a clear upliftsubsidence process from June 2020 to July 2021 in the caldera area. To constrain the Tianchi plumbing system dynamics, a combined inversion scheme consisting of three deformation sources is designed. The inversion results and the seismic records indicate that Tianchi volcano has experienced a low-level unrest episode from December 2020 to June 2021. The shallower plumbing system, located at about 5–9 km depth and modelled by pressurized spheroids, underwent a cumulative volume increase of 26 × 106 m3 from November 2018 to April 2021, followed by a volume decrease of 9 × 106 m3 from April to July 2021. This suggests magma uprising from the 14 km deep storage zone to the shallower plumbing system, followed by depressurization of the plumbing system due to the escape of fluids. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the magma and fluid migration dynamics within the Tianchi multi-level plumbing system for the first time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103775
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 129
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Southern hemisphere humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae, SHHW) breeding populations follow a high-fidelity Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) diet while feeding in distinct sectors of the Southern Ocean. Their capital breeding life history requires predictable ecosystem productivity to fuel migration and migration-related behaviours. It is therefore postulated that populations feeding in areas subject to the strongest climate change impacts are more likely to show the first signs of a departure from a high-fidelity krill diet. We tested this hypothesis by investigating blubber fatty acid profiles and skin stable isotopes obtained from five SHHW populations in 2019, and comparing them to Antarctic krill stable isotopes sampled in three SHHW feeding areas in the Southern Ocean in 2019. Fatty acid profiles and δ13C and δ15N varied significantly among all five populations, however, calculated trophic positions did not (2.7 to 3.1). Similarly, fatty acid ratios, 16:1ω7c/16:0 and 20:5ω3/22:6ω3 were above 1, showing that whales from all five populations are secondary heterotrophs following an omnivorous diet with a diatom-origin. Thus, evidence for a potential departure from a high-fidelity Antarctic krill diet was not seen in any population. δ13C of all populations were similar to δ13C of krill sampled in productive upwelling areas or the marginal sea-ice zone. Consistency in trophic position and diet origin but significant fatty acid and stable isotope differences demonstrate that the observed variability arises at lower trophic levels. Our results indicate that, at present, there is no evidence of a divergence from a high-fidelity krill diet. Nevertheless, the characteristic isotopic signal of whales feeding in productive upwelling areas, or in the marginal sea-ice zone, implies that future cryosphere reductions could impact their feeding ecology.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: The Southern Ocean is a major region of ocean carbon uptake, but its future changes remain uncertain under climate change. Here we show the projected shift in the Southern Ocean CO2 sink using a suite of Earth System Models, revealing changes in the mechanism, position and seasonality of the carbon uptake. The region of dominant CO2 uptake shifts from the Subtropical to the Antarctic region under the high-emission scenario. The warming-driven sea-ice melt, increased ocean stratification, mixed layer shoaling, and a weaker vertical carbon gradient is projected to together reduce the winter de-gassing in the future, which will trigger the switch from mixing-driven outgassing to solubility-driven uptake in the Antarctic region during the winter season. The future Southern Ocean carbon sink will be poleward-shifted, operating in a hybrid mode between biologically-driven summertime and solubility-driven wintertime uptake with further amplification of biologically-driven uptake due to the increasing Revelle Factor.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 131
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: The Campanian Volcanic Zone (CVZ) comprises multiple active volcanoes and includes the highly productive Campi Flegrei and Ischia caldera systems. These caldera volcanoes have produced probably the largest eruptions in Europe in the past 200 ka, such as the Monte Epomeo Green Tuff (MEGT; Ischia) at ca. 56 ka and the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI; Campi Flegrei) at ca. 40 ka, which form widespread isochrons across the Mediterranean region. These closely-spaced volcanic centres erupt phonolitic to trachytic glass compositions that are similar, and thus it can be challenging to correlate tephra deposits to specific volcanic sources. Here we present a detailed tephrostratigraphy for pre-CI eruption activity using the units preserved within a sequence at the coastal Acquamorta outcrop, on the western side of the CI caldera rim. Both the MEGT and CI units are present in the section, and they bracket twelve eruption units that were logged and sampled. New major and trace element glass chemistry data have been acquired for these Acquamorta tephra deposits. Three eruption deposits from Ischia and nine from Campi Flegrei are identified, which helps constrain the tempo of volcanic activity of these centres between the large caldera-forming eruptions. The three Ischia tephra deposits between the MEGT and the CI are indistinguishable based on both major and trace element glass chemistry and cannot be correlated to a specific or known eruption in this interval, such as the Schiappone tephra. The compositional variations between the Campi Flegrei eruptions reveal temporal shifts in the composition of the tephra deposits that reflect changes in the magmatic system prior to the CI eruption. These deposits indicate that there were at least nine eruptions at Campi Flegrei within 16 ka of the enormous CI eruption, and suggest that there was no significant period of repose before the caldera generating eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107915
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 132
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Active volcanoes are a continuous threat for several regions worldwide and cause socio-economic and environmental issues, including the Virunga Volcanic Province (D.R. Congo). There, more than 2 million people are permanently exposed to the hazards of the most active volcanoes in Africa: Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira. However, there is a clear lack of information regarding the impacts of these hazards and how they may be affected by social vulnerability. In this study, a household survey based on semi-structural interviews was performed for rural communities in Virunga. This research aims to (i) investigate the impacts of volcanic hazards on rural communities facing distinct levels of social vulnerability, (ii) understand the adaptive strategies developed by these communities to address these impacts, and finally (iii) identify the main grievances with respect to volcanic hazards raised by these rural communities. The most vulnerable households are those directly affected by volcano-tectonic hazards such as lava flows, mazukus, volcanic gases, ash fallout, and seismic activity. Indirect dangers related to water and food contamination by volcanic emissions are also stronger for the most vulnerable households. Respondents reported that most edible plants and waters are strongly affected by direct volcanic emissions. Drinking waters, which come from traditional drainage, rainfall, and streams, are generally not suitable for human consumption in the study area. Community suggestions for addressing issues related to volcanic-tectonic hazards include efforts to improve water and food quality, enhancement of the sanitary system, timely information on the volcanic activity, volcano monitoring, and capacity building for volcanologists.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103566
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Volcanic hazards ; Social vulnerability ; Risks perception ; Nyiragongo ; Nyamulagira
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 133
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: On December 26, 2018 (2:19 UTC), during a volcanic eruption on the Mt. Etna eastern flank (Sicily, southern Italy), the largest instrumental earthquake ever recorded in the volcano ruptured the Fiandaca Fault, with epicenter between Fleri and Pennisi villages (hypocenter at ca. 300 m a. s. l., Mw 4.9). This was the mainshock of an earthquake swarm and it was accompanied by widespread surface faulting and extensive damage along a narrow belt near the fault trace. Few hours after the mainshock, an episodic aseismic creep event occurred along the Aci Platani Fault, a SE extension of the Fiandaca Fault, which caused several damages in the Aci Platani village. We surveyed and mapped the coseismic and aseismic ground ruptures, and collected structural data on their geometry, displacement, and fault zone fabric. We compared the mapped surface ruptures with topography, lithology, and morphology of the buried top of the sedimentary basement. We conclude that the geometry of the volcanic pile influenced the surface expression of faulting during the December 26, 2018 event. The top surface of the marly clay basement should be considered as a detachment surface for shallow sliding blocks. The earthquake occurred on top of a depression of the sedimentary basement forcing the sliding eastward, causing at surface the re-arrangement of the fault strand pattern and deformation style, switching from shear faulting to a tensile failure. The Fleri earthquake therefore provides an unprecedented dataset for 1) understanding active faulting in the European largest onshore volcano, 2) modeling its complex dynamics, and 3) contributing to a more refined surface faulting hazard assessment at Mt. Etna. Results from this investigation might be useful for characterizing capable faulting in similar volcano-tectonic settings worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 25-41
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 2018 Fleri earthquake ; Mt. Etna ; Surface faulting ; Geological hazards ; Aseismic creep
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 134
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Volcanic rocks are the prominent host rocks in geothermal and volcanic systems in general, displaying heterogeneity. Although various external factors such as temperature, pressure, time, fluid chemistry, and subsurface geology have been thoroughly researched regarding the source of hydrothermal minerals in geothermal fields, the effect of hydrothermal alteration on volcanic hosts is still controversial in the literature. This review compiles data on the physical and mechanical properties of the host rocks composing volcanic environments exhibiting hydrothermal alteration or remaining unaltered. The considered data is originated from hydrothermal areas from Kuril-Kamchatka (Russia), Los Humeros (Mexico), Ngatamaraki, Rotokawa, Kawerau and Ohakuri geothermal fields and Mt. Ruapehu, Mt. Taranaki, and Whakaari volcanoes (New Zealand), Solfatara (Italy), Reykjanes, Nesjavellir, and Theistarereykir geothermal fields (Iceland), La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Caribbean) volcano, and Merapi volcano (Indonesia). Analysis of average values displayed in several graphical representations and correlations finds that dense rocks (such as lavas and intrusive rocks) exhibit greater competence and lower porosity than fragmental rocks. However, altered dense rocks display greater variability in mechanical properties compared to pyroclastic rocks, primarily influenced by mineral dissolution leading to rock weakening. Exceptions occur for high-temperature hydrothermal alteration, such as advanced silicification and propylitic alteration, with the latter influenced by minor types of alteration. Fragmental rocks have diverse behaviour with the extent of hydrothermal alteration and welding/compaction. According to the compiled data, an overall strengthening of pyroclastic rocks develops as hydrothermal alteration increases, regardless of the type of hydrothermal alteration. The complexity of hydrothermal systems, the variability shown by different hydrothermal settings and histories in terms of temperature, fluid chemistry and secondary mineral assemblage, and the variety of rock materials with different microstructures contribute to moderate correlations between properties compared to those established in an unaltered state. However, the same trends (linear, nonlinear, positive, negative) are preserved along hydrothermal alteration. This review emphasizes the significance of the type and degree of hydrothermal alteration, along with the rock type and pre-existence of fractures, in shaping the development of alteration in volcanic environments and modifying the properties of host rocks. The relevance of the review relies on the fact that these properties are considered to enhance the productivity of geothermal fields and improve the assessment of volcanic hazards. Future research is expected to expand on this groundwork.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104754
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrothermal alteration ; physical properties ; degree of hydrothermal alteration ; mechanical properties ; hydrothermal alteration facies ; intrusion-related geothermal systems ; 04.08. Volcanology
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  • 135
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: Climate change affects human activities, including tourism across various sectors and time frames. The winter tourism industry, dependent on low temperatures, faces significant impacts. This paper reviews the implications of climate change on winter tourism, emphasising challenges for activities like skiing and snowboarding, which rely on consistent snowfall and low temperatures. As the climate changes, these once taken-for-granted conditions are no longer as commonplace. Through a comprehensive review supported by up-to-date satellite imagery, this paper presents evidence suggesting that the reliability of winter snow is decreasing, with findings revealing a progressive reduction in snow levels associated with temperature and precipitation changes in some regions. The analysis underscores the need for concerted efforts by stakeholders who must recognize the reality of diminishing snow availability and work towards understanding the specific changes in snow patterns. This should involve multi-risk and multi-instrument assessments, including ongoing satellite data monitoring to track snow cover changes. The practical implications for sports activities and the tourism industry reliant on snow involve addressing challenges by diversifying offerings. This includes developing alternative winter tourism activities less dependent on snow, such as winter hiking, nature walks, or cultural experiences.
    Description: Published
    Description: 120554
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Climate change ; Adaptation ; Tourism losses ; Winter sport ; Multi-date satellite imagery ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The topside ionosphere extends from the F2-layer peak, where the electron density reaches its absolute maximum in the ionosphere, to the overlying plasmasphere and magnetosphere. In the topside ionosphere, the electron density decreases with height with a vertical variation rate strongly dependent on height itself. The last version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, i.e., IRI-2020, describes this complex behavior through four topside options based on different sub-models (i.e., options) developed from the 1970s to the present. All these options have in common the F2-layer peak as an anchor point, while they differ in their topside electron density profile and/or plasma effective scale height formulations. In this work, we perform a validation of the accuracy of the four IRI-2020 topside options based on the comparison against in-situ electron density observations by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15 low-Earth-orbit satellites. Datasets used in this study encompass observations recorded from 1999 to 2022, covering different diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity conditions, on a global basis and for the height range 400–850 km above the ground. The nearly two solar cycles dataset facilitated the evaluation of IRI-2020 topside options ability to reproduce the spatial and time variations of the topside ionosphere for different solar activity conditions. The weaknesses and strengths of each IRI-2020 topside option are highlighted and discussed, and suggestions on how to improve the modeling of the challenging topside ionosphere region within the IRI model are provided for future reference.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Topside ionosphere modeling ; International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model ; In-situ electron density observations ; Low-Earth-Orbit satellites ; 01.02. Ionosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: A detailed study of past eruptive activity is crucial to understanding volcanic systems and associated hazards. We present a meticulous stratigraphic analysis, a comprehensive chronological reconstruction, thorough tephra mapping, and a detailed analysis of the interplay between primary and secondary volcanic processes of the post-900 AD activity of La Fossa caldera, including the two main systems of La Fossa volcano and Vulcanello cones (Vulcano Island, Italy). Our analyses demonstrate how the recent volcanic activity of La Fossa caldera is primarily characterized by effusive and Strombolian activity and Vulcanian eruptions, combined with sporadic sub-Plinian events and both impulsive and long-lasting phreatic explosions, all of which have the capacity to severely impact the entire northern sector of Vulcano island. We document a total of 30 eruptions, 25 from the La Fossa volcano and 5 from Vulcanello cones, consisting of ash to lapilli deposits and fields of ballistic bombs and blocks. Volcanic activity alternated with significant erosional phases and volcaniclastic re-sedimentation. Large-scale secondary erosion processes occur in response to the widespread deposition of fine-grained ash blankets, both onto the active cone of La Fossa and the watersheds conveying their waters into the La Fossa caldera. The continuous increase in ground height above sea level, particularly in the western sector of the caldera depression where key infrastructure is situated, is primarily attributed to long-term alluvial processes. We demonstrate how a specific methodological approach is key to the characterization and hazard assessment of low-to-high intensity volcanic activity, where tephra is emitted over long time periods and is intercalated with phases of erosion and re-sedimentation.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active caldera; Aeolian archipelago; Historical eruptions; Island of Vulcano; Tephra; Volcano stratigraphy ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is characterized by a vast number of frozen and unfrozen freshwater reservoirs, which is why it is also called “the third pole” of the Earth or “Asian Water Tower”. We analyzed testate amoeba (TA) biodiversity and corresponding protozoic biosilicification in lake sediments of the QTP in relation to environmental properties (freshwater conditions, elevation, and climate). As TA are known as excellent bio-indicators, our results allowed us to derive conclusions about the influence of climate warming on TA communities and microbial biogeochemical silicon (Si) cycling. We found a total of 113 TA taxa including some rare and one unknown species in the analyzed lake sediments of the QTP highlighting the potential of this remote region for TA biodiversity. 〉1/3 of the identified TA taxa were relatively small (〈30 μm) reflecting the relatively harsh environmental conditions in the examined lakes. TA communities were strongly affected by physico-chemical properties of the lakes, especially water temperature and pH, but also elevation and climate conditions (temperature, precipitation). Our study reveals climate-related changes in TA biodiversity with consequences for protozoic biosilicification. As the warming trend in the QTP is two to three times faster compared to the global average, our results provide not only deeper insights into the relations between TA biodiversity and environmental properties, but also predictions of future developments in other regions of the world. Moreover, our results provide fundamental data for paleolimnological reconstructions. Thus, examining the QTP is helpful to understand microbial biogeochemical Si cycling in the past, present, and future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 139
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Background: Wildfires are recognized as an important ecological component of larch-dominated boreal forests in eastern Siberia. However, long-term fire-vegetation dynamics in this unique environment are poorly understood. Recent paleoecological research suggests that intensifying fire regimes may induce millennial-scale shifts in forest structure and composition. This may, in turn, result in positive feedback on intensifying wildfires and permafrost degradation, apart from threatening human livelihoods. Most common fire-vegetation models do not explicitly include detailed individual-based tree population dynamics, but a focus on patterns of forest structure emerging from interactions among individual trees may provide a beneficial perspective on the impacts of changing fire regimes in eastern Siberia. To simulate these impacts on forest structure at millennial timescales, we apply the individual-based, spatially explicit vegetation model LAVESI-FIRE, expanded with a new fire module. Satellite-based fire observations along with fieldwork data were used to inform the implementation of wildfire occurrence and adjust model parameters. Results: Simulations of annual forest development and wildfire activity at a study site in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 20,000 years BP) highlight the variable impacts of fire regimes on forest structure throughout time. Modeled annual fire probability and subsequent burned area in the Holocene compare well with a local reconstruction of charcoal influx in lake sediments. Wildfires can be followed by different forest regeneration pathways, depending on fire frequency and intensity and the pre-fire forest conditions. We find that medium-intensity wildfires at fire return intervals of 50 years or more benefit the dominance of fire-resisting Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), while stand-replacing fires tend to enable the establishment of evergreen conifers. Apart from post-fire mortality, wildfires modulate forest development mainly through competition effects and a reduction of the model’s litter layer. Conclusion: With its fine-scale population dynamics, LAVESI-FIRE can serve as a highly localized, spatially explicit tool to understand the long-term impacts of boreal wildfires on forest structure and to better constrain interpretations of paleoecological reconstructions of fire activity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 140
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3International Journal of Biometeorology, Springer Nature, 68(4), pp. 1-17, ISSN: 0020-7128
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: The Great Lakes region of North America has warmed by 1–2 °C on average since pre-industrial times, with the most pronounced changes observable during winter and spring. Interannual variability in temperatures remains high, however, due to the influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns that modulate the warming trend across years. Variations in spring temperatures determine growing season length and plant phenology, with implications for whole ecosystem function. Studying how both internal climate variability and the “secular” warming trend interact to produce trends in temperature is necessary to estimate potential ecological responses to future warming scenarios. This study examines how external anthropogenic forcing and decadal-scale variability influence spring temperatures across the western Great Lakes region and estimates the sensitivity of regional forests to temperature using long-term growth records from tree-rings and satellite data. Using a modeling approach designed to test for regime shifts in dynamic time series, this work shows that mid-continent spring climatology was strongly influenced by the 1976/1977 phase change in North Pacific atmospheric circulation, and that regional forests show a strengthening response to spring temperatures during the last half-century.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 141
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 3232-3232, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Sea-level rise submerges terrestrial permafrost in the Arctic, turning it into subsea permafrost. Subsea permafrost underlies ~ 1.8 million km2 of Arctic continental shelf, with thicknesses in places exceeding 700 m. Sea-level variations over glacial-interglacial cycles control subsea permafrost distribution and thickness, yet no permafrost model has accounted for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which deviates local sea level from the global mean due to changes in ice and ocean loading. Here we incorporate GIA into a pan-Arctic model of subsea permafrost over the last 400,000 years. Including GIA significantly reduces present-day subsea permafrost thickness, chiefly because of hydro-isostatic effects as well as deformation related to Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Additionally, we extend the simulation 1000 years into the future for emissions scenarios outlined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s sixth assessment report. We find that subsea permafrost is preserved under a low emissions scenario but mostly disappears under a high emissions scenario.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 142
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Stromboli (Italy) is an open-vent volcano with persistent explosive activity producing up to five hundred mild explosions per day. Fluctuations in explosion intensity, varying even by orders of magnitude in terms of emitted volume and their subsequent impact on the surrounding regions, sometimes occur abruptly. Consequently, identifying precursors of larger eruptive activities, particularly for more intense (paroxysmal) explosions, is challenging. In order to search for anomalies in the pre-paroxysm activity related to the summer 2019 eruption, we applied a hybrid method to the automatic analysis of geophysical and geochemical time series. This approach is based on the combination of two methods: 1. the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and 2. the Support Vector Regression (SVR). The aggregation of these two methods allowed us to identify anomalies in the patterns of the geophysical and geochemical parameters measured on Stromboli in a ten-month period including the July–August 2019 eruption. The results of this study are encouraging for an improvement of the monitoring systems and for volcano early warning applications.
    Description: This work has been supported by the INGV project Pianeta Dinamico 2023-2025 - ObseRvation, Measurement and modelling of Eruptive processes (ORME), and partially supported by the Progetto Strategico Dipartimentale INGV 2019 “Forecasting eruptive activity at Stromboli volcano: timing, eruptive style, size, intensity and duration” (FIRST, Delibera n. 144/2020; Scientific Responsibility: S.C.). Furthermore, this research has benefited from the support of Convenzione B2 DPC-INGV 2022-2024, Stromboli, Task 1.3 “Development of a unique activity index and estimation of the probability of the transition between ‘ordinary’ and ‘extraordinary’ eruptive activity”, and of the INGV project “Reti Multiparametriche”, Task A2 “Development of methods for the identification of precursors of Stromboli's paroxysms and major explosions based on multiparametric data analysis and study of possible early warning techniques”.
    Description: In press
    Description: 108131
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; Volcanic monitoring ; Data analysis ; Multiparametric geophysics ; Paroxysmal explosions ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: In this paper we employ a combination of gravity and hydrologic data to constrain a hydraulic model of the Škocjan Caves, an allogenic dominated karstic system in Slovenia. The gravity time-series recorded by a spring-based gravimeter, are carefully analyzed to remove tidal and non-tidal effects and unveil the local hydrologic contribution, which is influenced by the temporary accumulation of water in the cave system during the flood events of the Reka river. We make use of a combined analysis of three large flood events with peak river discharge of about 200, 230 and 300 m3/s, that caused significant water level and gravity variations sensed by the pressure transducer and by the gravimeter. By the integration of hydraulic modelling we study the different coupled gravimetric-hydrologic responses to these flood events: we show that, depending on the peak discharge and duration of the event, different flow conditions are present in the cave system. In addition to the information provided by the pressure transducer, the gravimeter is sensitive to the flow dynamics in a different sector of the cave due to the choice of its location; this configuration helps to better constrain the hydraulic model. Moreover, we find that the autogenic recharge by percolating water can significantly affect the gravity time-series and must be considered in related models. By inclusion of both the hydraulic model outcomes and of the modelling of the autogenic recharge, we are able to better explain the gravity transients during the two smaller magnitude events. In particular, during such events the autogenic contribution produces a transient gravity signal, which is about 4 times larger than the allogenic one, while during the largest flood the allogenic contribution drastically overcomes the autogenic effect by a factor 20. By discussing this case, we prove the potential of terrestrial gravity observation to depict the hydro-dynamics of these complex karstic systems as well as the potential of gravimetry to remotely monitor these storage units.
    Description: Published
    Description: 130453
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: The 28th September 2018 Sulawesi Supershear earthquake (MW 7.5) was one of the deadliest earthquakes in the recent history of Indonesia causing ∼4000 causalities. The earthquake caused a ∼ 177 km long surface rupture along the Palu-Karo fault. Apart from surface rupture, the earthquake caused extensive earthquake environmental effects (EEEs) around the Palu-Donggala area of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, which includes tsunami, coastal landslide, liquefaction, ground cracks and more than 7300 landslides in hilly areas. Initial post-event analysis and reports assigned a Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of VII to VIII in Palu City and the surrounding area. Building damage and ground effects caused by the earthquake suggested that seismic intensity was understated. Here we applied the EEEs information from field survey data, published reports, and remote sensing tools to determine macroseismic intensity using the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-07) Scale. The ESI-07 intensity derived from the ground effects suggests the maximum intensity of X-XI, which is 3–4° higher than the traditional intensity estimated by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG). ShakeMaps were generated considering the ESI-07 values. The ShakeMap was compared with the instrumentally derived ShakeMap for the Palu earthquake, which proves that the ShakeMap prepared from the instrumental data or structural damage data is underrated. We argue that proper documentation of the EEEs is necessary for such damaging earthquakes for future earthquake hazard mapping and planning in the study area and other earthquakes in Indonesia. In addition, this will help in defining the on-fault and off-fault damage zone towards reducing the seismic risk of the Palu Donggala area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107054
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Sulawesi Earthquake ; Indonesia ; EEEs ; ESI-07 ; ShakeMap ; Seismic Hazard
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2024-05-28
    Description: Nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) may contain significant amounts of water and constitute an important reservoir for mantle hydrogen. The colloquial term ‘water’ in NAMs is related to the presence of hydroxyl-bearing (OH􀀀 ) point defects in their crystal structure, where hydrogen is bonded to lattice oxygen and is charge-balanced by cation vacancies. This hydrous component may therefore have substantial effects on the thermoelastic parameters of NAMs, comparable to other major crystal-chemical substitutions (e.g., Fe, Al). Assessment of water concentrations in natural minerals from mantle xenoliths indicates that olivine commonly stores ~0–200 ppm of water. However, the lack of samples originating from depths exceeding ~250 km coupled with the rapid diffusion of hydrogen in olivine at magmatic temperatures makes the determination of the olivine water content in the upper mantle challenging. On the other hand, numerous experimental data show that, at pressures and temperatures corresponding to deep upper mantle conditions, the water storage capacity of olivine increases to 0.2–0.5 wt%. Therefore, determining the elastic properties of olivine samples with more realistic water contents for deep upper mantle conditions may help in interpreting both seismic velocity anomalies in potentially hydrous regions of Earth’s mantle as well as the observed seismic velocity and density contrasts across the 410-km discontinuity. Here, we report simultaneous single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Brillouin scattering experiments at room temperature up to 11.96(2) GPa on hydrous [0.20(3) wt% H2O] Fo90 olivine to assess its full elastic tensor, and complement these results with a careful re-analysis of all the available single-crystal elasticity data from the literature for anhydrous Fo90 olivine. While the bulk (K) and shear (G) moduli of hydrous Fo90 olivine are virtually identical to those of the corresponding anhydrous phase, their pressure derivatives K′ and G′ are slightly larger, although consistent within mutual uncertainties. We then defined linear relations between the water concentration in Fo90 olivine, the elastic moduli and their pressure derivatives, which were then used to compute the sound velocities of Fo90 olivine with higher degrees of hydration. Even for water concentrations as high as 0.5 wt%, the sound wave velocities of hydrous and anhydrous olivines were found to be identical within uncertainties at pressures corresponding to the base of the upper mantle. Contrary to previous claims, our data suggest that water in olivine is not seismically detectable, at least for contents consistent with deep upper mantle conditions. In addition to that, our data reveal that the hydration of olivine is unlikely to be a key factor in reconciling seismic velocity and density contrasts across the 410-km discontinuity with a pyrolitic mantle.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107011
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2024-05-28
    Description: The rapid decline in both quality and availability of freshwater resources on our planet necessitates their thorough assessment to ensure sustainable usage. The growing demand for water in industrial, agricultural, and domestic sectors poses significant challenges to managing both surface and groundwater resources. This study tests and proposes a hybrid evaluation approach to determine Groundwater Quality Indices (GQIs) for irrigation (IRRI), seawater intrusion (SWI), and potability (POT), finalized to the spatial distribution of groundwater suitability involving water quality indicator along with hydrogeological and socio-economic factors. Mean Decrease Accuracy (MDA) and Information Gain Ratio (IGR) were used to state the importance of chosen factors such as level of groundwater above the sea, thickness of the aquifer, land cover, distance from coastline, silt soil content, recharge, distance from river and lagoons, depth to water table from ground, distance from agricultural wells, hydraulic conductivity, and lithology for each quality index, separately. The results of both methods showed that recharge is the most important parameter for GQIIRRI and GQIPOT, while the distance from the coastline and the rivers, are the most important for GQISWI. The spatial modelling of GQIIRRI and GQIPOT in the study area has been achieved applying three machine learning (ML) algorithms: the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), the Random Forest (RF), and the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Validation results showed that RF has the highest prediction for GQIIRRI, while the SVM model has the highest prediction for the GQIPOT index. It is worth to mention that the future utilization and testing of new algorithms could produce even better results. Finally, GQIIRRI and GQIPOT were combined and compared using two combine and overlay methods to prepare a hybrid map of multi-GQIs. The results showed that 69% of the study area is suitable for irrigation and potable use, due to both geogenic and anthropogenic activities which contribute to make some water resources unsuitable for either use. Specifically, the northern, western, and eastern portions of the study area are in the "very high and high quality" classes while the southern portion shows "very low and low quality" classes. In conclusion, the developed map and approach can serve as a practical guide for enhancing groundwater management, identifying suitable areas for various uses and pinpointing regions requiring improved management practices.
    Description: Published
    Description: 119041
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Groundwater suitability ; Quality index ; Vulnerability map
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 147
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: Fault creep along the lower eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano has been documented since the end of the 19th century and significantly contributes to the surface faulting hazard in the area. On 29 October 2002, during a seismic swarm related to dyke intrusions, two earthquakes caused extensive damage and surface faulting in an area between the Santa Venerina and Santa Tecla villages. On the same day after the two earthquakes, an episodic aseismic creep occurred along the Scalo Pennisi Fault close to the Santa Tecla coastline. On 8 February 2022, during another aseismic creep event along the Scalo Pennisi Fault, we observed the reopening of the pre existing 2002 ground ruptures mostly as pure dilational fractures. We mapped the 2002 and 2022 surface ruptures, and collected data on displacement, length, and pattern of ground breaks. Ground ruptures affected structures located along the activated fault segments, including roads, walls and buildings. The 2002 surface faulting propagation can be ascribed to a sliding of the Mt. Etna eastern flank toward the SE, as also suggested by the related shallow seismicity, and InSAR and geodetic data between 2002 and 2005. For the 2022 event, dif ferential InSAR data, acquired in both descending and ascending views, allowed us to decompose Line of Sight (LOS) displacement into horizontal and vertical components. We detect a ~ 700 m long and ~ 500 m wide deformation zone with a downward and eastward motion (max displacement ~1,5 cm) consistent with a normal fault. We inverted the InSAR–detected surface deformation using a uniform-slip fault model and obtained a shallow detachment for the causative fault, located at ~300 m depth, within the volcanic pile. This is the first in depth study along the Scalo Pennisi Fault to suggest a shallow faulting that accommodates Mt. Etna E flank gravitational sliding.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229829
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Etna ; Aseismic creep ; Earthquake ; Surface faulting ; Volcano-tectonic deformation ; InSAR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: The increase in summer monsoon precipitation over western Africa during the last interglacial (LIG) relative to the pre-industrial (PI) is well documented, but it is uncertain whether this increase is due to larger rainfall rate alone, an extension of the summer monsoon season or a combination of the two. Due to different orbital config- uration, the boreal summer of the LIG was warmer but shorter than the PI, potentially influencing the summer monsoon duration. In this study, we employ a newly developed isotope-enabled climate model, AWI-ESM-wiso to investigate the intensity and length of the West African Summer Monsoon (WASM) for both LIG and PI time periods. Our model results indicate that, despite an intensification in summer insolation and an enhanced hydro-logical cycle, WASM season in the LIG is 9 days shorter compared to the PI. During the LIG, increased insolation in late spring and early summer strengthens the Saharan heat low (SHL) and its associated sub-systems, facilitating a faster accumulation of potential instability and an earlier WASM onset. However, a substantial earlier withdrawal of the WASM is also detected, driven by an earlier southward shift of insolation maximum. More- over, our findings are further supported by models participating in the 4th phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: Delineating hydrothermal alteration and supergene caps is fundamental for mineral exploration of sulfide ores. The aim of this study is to apply a multi-scale workflow based on hyperspectral remote and proximal sensing data in order to delineate hydrothermal dolomitization and supergene alteration associated with the Mississippi Valley-Type Zn-Pb(-Ag) deposit of Jabali (Western Yemen). The area was investigated through hyperspectral images derived from the new launched Italian Space Agency’s PRISMA satellite, which has a higher spectral resolution compared to multispectral sensors and covers the mineral-diagnostic wavelength regions (such as the 2100 nm to 2300 nm range) with a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) ≥ 100. Spectral mineral maps were produced through the band ratios method using specific feature extraction indices applied to the hyperspectral satellite data. The results were validated by using Visible Near InfraRed (VNIR) to Short Wave InfraRed (SWIR) reflectance spectra, mineralogical (XRPD) and geochemical (ICP-ES/MS) analyses on rock samples collected in the Jabali area. The dolomites footprint was mapped using a PRISMA Level 2C image, by enhancing the spectral differences between limestones and dolomites in the SWIR-2 region (major features centered at 2340 nm and 2320 nm, respectively). Gossans were detected due to the Fe3+ absorption band in the VNIR region at 900 nm. The Zn-Pb mineralized area, extended for approximately 25 km2, was thus identified by recognizing gossan occurrences in dolomites. The study demonstrates that the PRISMA satellite is effective in identifying Zn-Pb mineralized outcrops in sedimentary basins.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105244
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) and M. bourneti Simon, 1922 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) are ubiquitous inhabitants of the twilight zone of most hypogean sites across Europe. The two species are broadly distributed in Italy, including Sicily, where they show a remarkable segregation along the altitudinal gradient of Mount Etna. Thanks to our recent sampling activities in this area, we create a georeferenced dataset allowing the application of Species Distribution Modelling aiming at evaluating the current and the future habitat in light of the impacts caused by climate change on the local populations. We predicted a relatively wide suitable area for M bourneti, ranging from the sea level up to 1100 m a.sl., whereas for M. menardi the suitable area encompasses a narrow mid altitude strip, extending halfway between the areas suitable for M. bourneti, and the highly unsuitable volcanic uplands, heavily disturbed by the volcanic activity. The averaged future predictions for 2070 under RCP 8.5 scenario, show that M. bourneti will expand its range upwards, in areas that are now suitable for M. menardi. In turn, predictions for M. menardi indicate an extreme reduction of the current strip of suitable habitat, likely determining its local extinction. Our findings are further corroborated by the analysis of the bioclimatic niche of the two species assessed via multidimensional Hutchinsonian hypervolume, being much smaller in M. menardi compared to of M. bourneti. In light of our results, it seems likely that having wider climatic preference, M. bourneti will substitute M. menardi in most of its current range in Sicily. Future interventions aiming at the conservation of M. menardi on Mount Etna are strongly advised.
    Description: Published
    Description: e02699
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Cave-dwelling spiders ; Mount Etna ; Lava caves ; Climate change ; Niche segregation ; Species distribution modelling
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: Observations of the tidal response of celestial bodies quantified by the Love numbers are highly relevant in planetary geophysical investigations because they provide unique insight into the interior structures. For example, the high sensitivity of tidal deformations to the properties of the oceans detected beneath the icy surfaces of some moons is of paramount importance for investigations of their habitability. We present here PyALMA3, a software framework developed in Python devoted to the computation of planetary Love numbers. PyALMA3 is based on ALMA3, a previous version developed in Fortran. Conversion to Python significantly improves the accessibility and portability of the software. We tested PyALMA3 by applying it to the exploration of the tidal responses of Europa and the other Galilean moons. We show that accurate modeling of effects such as the viscoelastic deformations of ice and the water density gradient in the ocean (variations of 2–3% on the real part of k2) will be important in the context of geophysical investigations that will be conducted by future missions targeting icy moons, such as Europa Clipper and JUICE.
    Description: Published
    Description: 116120
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Galilean satellites ; Tides ; Planetary interior ; Ocean planets
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: When approximating elliptic problems by using specialized approximation techniques, we obtain large structured matrices whose analysis provides information on the stability of the method. Here we provide spectral and norm estimates for matrix-sequences arising from the approximation of the Laplacian via ad hoc finite differences. The analysis involves several tools from matrix theory and in particular from the setting of Toeplitz operators and Generalized Locally Toeplitz matrix-sequences. Several numerical experiments are conducted, which confirm the correctness of the theoretical findings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 10-43
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Toeplitz matrix ; Generating function and spectral symbol ; Approximation of differential operators
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: To ensure the long-term sustainable use of African Great Lakes (AGL), and to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems, authorities, managers and scientists need regularly collected scientific data and information of key environmental indicators over multi-years to make informed decisions. Monitoring is regularly conducted at some sites across AGL; while at others sites, it is rare or conducted irregularly in response to sporadic funding or short-term projects/studies. Managers and scientists working on the AGL thus often lack critical long-term data to evaluate and gauge ongoing changes. Hence, we propose a multi-lake approach to harmonize data collection modalities for better understanding of regional and global environmental impacts on AGL. Climate variability has had strong impacts on all AGL in the recent past. Although these lakes have specific characteristics, their limnological cycles show many similarities. Because different anthropogenic pressures take place at the different AGL, harmonized multilake monitoring will provide comparable data to address the main drivers of concern (climate versus regional anthropogenic impact). To realize harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring, the approach will need: (1) support of a wide community of researchers and managers; (2) political goodwill towards a common goal for such monitoring; and (3) sufficient capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, human and logistic resources) for its implementation. This paper presents an assessment of the state of monitoring the AGL and possible approaches to realize a long-term, multi-lake harmonized monitoring strategy. Key parameters are proposed. The support of national and regional authorities is necessary as each AGL crosses international boundaries.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101988
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Biodiversity ; Climate change ; Erosion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 154
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Geofluids from natural springs connect with the crust and/or mantle in many cases, and their geochemical anomalies could be significant for the study on faults activity and even earthquakes. Several natural springs are distributed along the Lenglongling fault zone (LLLFZ) in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where the Ms 6.9 Menyuan earthquake occurred on January 8th, 2022. Based on chemical and isotopic compositions (δD, δ18O, δ13C, and 3He/4He) of water and gas samples, the origin of geofluids and their potential correlation with fault activity even including earthquakes are preliminarily assessed in this paper. The δ13CCO2 values and 3He/4He ratios showed that the gas originating from the crust was associated with the metamorphism of carbonate rocks, whereas the δ18O and δD values of water samples indicated that the natural springs were predominantly infiltrated with precipitations from local mountains ranging 3.7 - 5.5 km in height. Obvious changes of Ca2+ and HCO3􀀀 concentrations in SZK spring waters in the surface rupture zones were observed in a short period (about three months) after the main shock, in contrast to those of the GSK springs far from the surface rupture zones. Such variations might be correlated with the stress increase prior to the 2022 Menyuan Ms 6.9 earthquake. The mechanical fracturing of surrounding limestone rocks during the slipping movement of LLLF could facilitate the water-rock interactions. Compared to three-month observations after the main shock, relatively higher concentrations of HCO3􀀀 and heavier δ18OH2O values of the LHG springs were also observed in the short-term period. The shallow stored formation water might be squeezed along the cracks and rose to the surface during earthquake tremors, causing a sandblasting water phenomenon.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105767
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Menyuan earthquake ; Natural spring ; Fluid geochemistry ; Lenglongling fault ; Tibetan plateau
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 155
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: The influence of the hydrothermal circulation on seismicity and uplift observed at the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) is a topic of great interest to the scientific community. Recently, Thermo-Poro-Elastic (TPE) inclusions were proposed as likely deformation sources. They are suitable to explain the mechanical effects induced by hot and pressurized hydrothermal fluids, possibly exsolved from underlying magma, and pervading an overlying brittle layer. Recent works show that a TPE inclusion located at approximately 2 km depth below the Campi Flegrei caldera significantly contributed to the large and rapid soil uplift observed during the ‘82-’84 unrest phase. In the present work we demonstrate that such a source of deformation is likely playing a role even in the current unrest phase, which is characterized by a much lower uplift-rate with respect to the one occurred in the previous unrest phase. We will show that the time-series of soil uplift observed in the last 18 years can be reproduced by assuming the reactivation of the same deformation source responsible of the ‘82-’84 unrest located within a shallow brittle layer at about 2 km depth. The presence of a brittle layer has been evidenced in the past by tomographic studies and is confirmed by a sharp variation of the b-value at the corresponding depth.We believe that our results provide very important insights and evidences, supporting the existence and the importance of an active thermo-poro-elastic deformation source, which can be useful for understanding the unrest of the Campi Flegrei caldera, from both a scientific and geohazard perspective.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107930
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; Hydrothermal fluids ; Caldera ; Uplift ; Induced seismicity ; Deformation source
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: In the period February–April 2021, seventeen energetic hours-long episodes of intense lava fountaining occurred at Mt. Etna, producing lava flows and ash plumes followed by heavy fallout. Clinopyroxene mesocrysts from these paroxysms show complex sector and concentric zoning patterns, with juxtaposition of Si-Mg-rich (Al-Ti-poor) and Si-Mg-poor (Al-Ti-rich) crystal layers. Clinopyroxene-based equilibrium thermobarometry and hygrometry define an overall crystallization path in the range of ~170–480 MPa, ~1060–1110 °C, and ~ 1.2–2.7 wt% H2O, with a main magma storage region estimated at depths of ~11–15 km. From this perspective, we observe that 2021 lava fountains were fed by hotter magmas of deeper origin with respect to those feeding 2011–2012 paroxysms. Zoning patterns of 2021 clinopyroxene mesocrysts formed in a vertically-extended plumbing system upon the effect of mixing phenomena and crystal recycling caused by recurrent inputs of fresh magmas into interconnected mushy reservoirs. Kinetic growth modeling constrains the formation of 2021 clinopyroxene mesocrysts over timescales of ~30–90 h and small degrees of undercooling ≤28 °C. Fesingle bondMg diffusion chronometry confirms that the time elapsed between the formation of clinopyroxene rim and magma eruption is utterly related to growth kinetics caused by pre-eruptive dynamic transfer of magma at crustal depths. Kinetic effects are exacerbated for clinopyroxene microlites/microcrysts forming at the syn-eruptive stage, when magma decompression, degassing, and cooling become more effective in the last 1.5 km below the vent of Mt. Etna. Kinetic growth modeling reveals that eruption dynamics within the conduit promote an exceptionally rapid disequilibrium growth of clinopyroxene microlites/microcrysts in only ~0.4–3.3 min upon large degrees of undercooling 〉60 °C. The resulting ascent velocity of 2021 magmas within the conduit is ~8–63 m/s, a factor of ~3 higher than the less energetic 2011–2012 paroxysms.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106710
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Magma dynamics at Mt. Etna ; Clinopyroxene zoning patterns ; P-T-H2O magma crystallization histories ; Magma ascent velocities ; petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 157
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Petrological studies of active volcanoes typically focus on eruptive phenomena occurring over long timescales of the order of days to years, aiming at identifying major changes in the physico-chemical state of magma during ascent towards the surface. Exceptionally, we present results from an integrated petrological and statistical approach based on the compilation of ∼5300 major and trace element data for glass and crystals, in combination with volcanological data on eruptive events occurred over timescales of minutes at Stromboli volcano (Sicily). On May 11, 2019, we had the rare opportunity to collect individual fresh fallout ash products from eighteen mostly consecutive explosions, erupted in a 2-h time span and, at the same time, to acquire continuous high frequency (50 Hz) infrared thermal data of the same explosions. Through video analysis, we observe that explosions were more frequent and ash-dominated at the southwestern crater area (SCA, 8–10 events/h) than at the northeastern crater area (NCA, 3–5 events/h), where coarser material was ejected. The statistical analysis of glass and plagioclase compositions reveals differences in the products erupted from the two crater areas. SCA explosions tapped less differentiated magmas (Mg#∼42–46, ∼257–365 LaN, ∼0.7–0.9 Eu/Eu*) in equilibrium with more anorthitic plagioclase cores (An∼72–88), whereas NCA area explosions are more differentiated (Mg#∼40–44, ∼286–387 LaN, ∼0.6–0.8 Eu/Eu*) and in equilibrium with less anorthitic plagioclase cores (An∼68–82). Thermometric calculations based on major and trace element clinopyroxene-plagioclase-melt equilibrium modeling highlight that the SCA explosions were statistically fed by hotter magmas in comparison to NCA explosions. Plagioclase-based diffusion modeling also indicates longer timescales for the dynamic ascent of NCA magmas, leading to preferential groundmass crystallization at the conduit walls and transition from sideromelane to tachylite groundmass textures. The final emerging picture is that in May 2019, concurrent normal eruptions from different crater areas at Stromboli were heralds of compositionally and thermally diverse magmas rising at different rates within the uppermost branched part of the conduit region. High frequency petrological investigations aided by statistical treatment of data have the potential to constrain dynamic conduit processes related to transient, explosive eruptions in persistently active volcanoes, thereby offering new insights on the interplay between magma dynamics, ascent timescales, and eruptive behavior.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107255
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: High-temporal resolution petrology ; Stromboli volcano ; Thermobarometry ; Eruptive timescales ; Plumbing, conduit and eruptive dynamics ; Petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 158
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: We present undercooling (∆T) experiments aimed at investigating the effect of growth kinetics on the textural and compositional evolution of clinopyroxene crystals growing from a high-K basalt erupted during the 2003 paroxysm of Stromboli volcano (Italy). The experiments were performed at P = 350 MPa, T = 1050–1210 °C, H2Omelt = 0–3 wt%, and fO2 = Ni-NiO + 1.5 buffer. An initial stage of supersaturation was imposed to the melt under nominally anhydrous (∆Tanh = 10–150 °C) and hydrous (∆Thyd = 25–125 °C) conditions. Afterwards, this supersaturation state was mitigated by melt relaxation phenomena over an annealing time of 24 h. Results show that plagioclase is the liquidus mineral phase of the high-K basalt at ∆Tanh = 10 °C and dominates the phase assemblage as the degree of undercooling increases. Conversely, clinopyroxene and spinel co-saturate the melt at ∆Thyd = 25 °C, followed by the subordinate formation of plagioclase. At ∆Tanh/hyd ≤ 50 °C, the textural maturation of clinopyroxene produces polyhedral crystals with {−111} (hourglass) and {hk0} (prism) sectors typical of a layer-by-layer growth mechanism governed by an interface-controlled crystallization regime. At ∆Tanh/hyd ≥ 75 °C, the attainment of dendritic and skeletal morphologies testifies to the establishment of diffusion-limited reactions at the crystal-melt interface. 3D reconstructions of synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomographic data reveal a composite growth history for clinopyroxene crystals obtained at ∆Tanh/hyd ≥ 95 °C. The early stage of melt supersaturation produces rosette-like structures composed of dendritic branches of clinopyroxene radiating from a common spinel grain, which acts as surface for heterogeneous nucleation. As diffusive relaxation phenomena progress over the annealing time, the elongate dendrites that constitute the inner crystal domain are partially infilled by the melt and develop skeletal overgrowths in the outer domain. With the increasing degree of undercooling, TAl and M1Ti cations are progressively incorporated in the lattice site of clinopyroxene at the expense of TSi and M1Mg cations. Because of the effect of H2Omelt on the liquidus depression and melt depolymerization, crystals obtained at ∆Thyd are also more enriched in TAl and M1Ti and depleted in TSi and M1Mg than those growing at ∆Tanh. The emerging picture is that the morphological and geochemical evolution of clinopyroxene is mutually controlled by the combined effects of melt supersaturation and relaxation phenomena. A new empirical relationship based on the cation exchange reactions in the lattice site of clinopyroxene is finally proposed to estimate the degree of undercooling governing the crystallization of augitic phenocrysts erupted during normal and violent explosions at Stromboli.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107327
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Clinopyroxene ; Undercooling ; Hourglass ; Crystallization ; Microtomography ; Stromboli ; Experimental Petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 159
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Open-conduit basaltic volcanoes can be characterised by sudden large explosive events (paroxysms) that interrupt normal effusive and mild explosive activity. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Italy) within only 64 days. Here, via a multifaceted approach using clinopyroxene, we show arrival of mafic recharges up to a few days before the onset of these events and their effects on the eruption pattern at Stromboli, as a prime example of a persistently active, open-conduit basaltic volcano. Our data indicate a rejuvenated Stromboli plumbing system where the extant crystal mush is efficiently permeated by recharge magmas with minimum remobilisation promoting a direct linkage between the deeper and the shallow reservoirs that sustains the currently observed larger variability of eruptive behaviour. Our approach provides vital insights into magma dynamics and their effects on monitoring signals demonstrating the power of petrological studies in interpreting patterns of surficial activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7717
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; clinopyroxene ; paroxysmal activity ; Eruptive timescales ; Thermobarometry ; Petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: We investigated the Late Pleistocene-Holocene crustal vertical movements off the coast of Marzamemi village in SE Sicily, Italy. By using a Synchronous Correlation Approach (SCA), we analysed terraced landforms that characterize a submerged sector within one of Southern Italy's most seismically active regions. In this area, the emerging portion of the NE-SW oriented bulge of the African foreland structurally shapes the coastal and marine regions off Marzamemi village. Based on a newly created 17 km2 high-resolution bathymetric map generated from a Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) survey conducted in June 2021, we identified and examined four main paleo-shorelines identifying four submerged terraces. Terraced landforms play a crucial role in reconstructing Quaternary glacial and interglacial stages, offering insights into associated sea level fluctuations. Through the application of the SCA, our goal is to refine the chronology of these recently mapped and submerged marine terraces off the Marzamemi village, thereby contributing to the calculation of associated rates of crustal vertical movements. We demonstrate that these rates persist constantly throughout the Late Pleistocene-Holocene epoch, suggesting overall tectonic stability, with a slight and likely local fault-related subsidence. We explore a few chronology scenarios, raising questions about whether these submerged marine terraces are indeed recording the Late Pleistocene-Holocene limit or not. This research contributes to a better understanding of the geological dynamics in this region and sheds light on the potential factors influencing coastal landscape development over time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107326
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Submarine geomorphology ; Submerged marine terraces ; Marine terraces chronology ; Late Quaternary ; Sea Level Change ; Crustal vertical movements
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Yedoma is a permafrost deposit widely distributed across the Arctic and found exclusively within the unglaciated regions in northern Siberia, Alaska, and the Yukon, which are the core regions of Beringia. Yedoma deposits accumulated during the late Pleistocene Stage and are characterized by their predominantly fine-grained texture and association with syngenetic perma-frost formation. The very high ground ice content is most commonly present as pore ice and wedge ice that formed contemporaneously with sediment deposition. In the last decade, research has transitioned from debates about the origin of the Yedoma deposits towards increasing attention on the large carbon and nitrogen pools in Yedoma, their vulnerability to thaw, and increasing mobilization as the climate has warmed across the Arctic. In addition to classical cryolithological and sedimentological research, new methods such as stable isotope paleoclimate reconstruction and ancient sedimentary DNA studies have been more widely applied to better understand the characteristics of Yedoma deposits and helped emphasize their value as archives of Quaternary climate and paleoecological conditions during Ice Age Beringia.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 162
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: As global temperatures continue to rise, a key uncertainty of terrestrial carbon (C)–climate feedback is the rate of C loss upon abrupt permafrost thaw. This type of thawing—termed thermokarst—may in turn accelerate or dampen the response of microbial degradation of soil organic matter and carbon dioxide (CO2) release to climate warming. However, such impacts have not yet been explored in experimental studies. Here, by experimentally warming three thermo-erosion gullies in an upland thermokarst site combined with incubating soils from five additional thermokarst-impacted sites on the Tibetan Plateau, we investigate how warming responses of soil CO2 release would change upon upland thermokarst formation. Our results show that warming-induced increase in soil CO2 release is ~5.5 times higher in thermokarst features than the adjacent non-thermokarst landforms. This larger warming response is associated with the lower substrate quality and higher abundance of microbial functional genes for recalcitrant C degradation in thermokarst-affected soils. Taken together, our study provides experimental evidence that warming-associated soil CO2 loss becomes stronger upon abrupt permafrost thaw, which could exacerbate the positive soil C–climate feedback in permafrost-affected regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 163
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    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Elsevier, 640, pp. 118801-118801, ISSN: 0012-821X
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Carbon cycle models used to calculate the marine reservoir age of the non-polar surface ocean (called Marine20) out of IntCal20, the compilation of atmospheric C, have so far neglected a key aspect of the millennial-scale variability connected with the thermal bipolar seesaw: changes in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) related to Dansgaard/Oeschger and Heinrich events. Here we implement such AMOC changes in the carbon cycle box model BICYCLE-SE to investigate how model performance over the last 55 kyr is affected, in particular with respect to available 14C and CO2 data. Constraints from deep ocean 14C data suggest that the AMOC in the model during Heinrich stadial 1 needs to be highly reduced or even completely shutdown. Ocean circulation and sea ice coverage combined are the processes that almost completely explain the simulated changes in deep ocean 14C age, and these are also responsible for a glacial drawdown of ∼60 ppm of atmospheric CO2. We find that the implementation of abrupt reductions in AMOC during Greenland stadials in the model setup that was previously used for the calculation of Marine20 leads to differences of less than ±100 14C yrs. The representation of AMOC changes therefore appears to be of minor importance for deriving non-polar mean ocean radiocarbon calibration products such as Marine20, where atmospheric carbon cycle variables are forced by reconstructions. However, simulated atmospheric CO2 exhibits minima during AMOC reductions in Heinrich stadials, in disagreement with ice core data. This mismatch supports previous suggestions that millennial-scale changes in CO2 were probably not driven directly by the AMOC, but rather by biological and physical processes in the Southern Ocean and by contributions from variable land carbon storage.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 164
    Publication Date: 2024-06-24
    Description: Background: Northern ecosystems are strongly influenced by herbivores that differ in their impacts on the ecosystem. Yet the role of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and functioning of tundra ecosystems has been overlooked. With climate and land-use changes causing rapid shifts in Arctic species assemblages, a better understanding of the consequences of herbivore diversity changes for tundra ecosystem functioning is urgently needed. This systematic review synthesizes available evidence on the effects of herbivore diversity on different processes, functions, and properties of tundra ecosystems. Methods: Following a published protocol, our systematic review combined primary field studies retrieved from bibliographic databases, search engines and specialist websites that compared tundra ecosystem responses to different levels of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore diversity. We used the number of functional groups of herbivores (i.e., functional group richness) as a measure of the diversity of the herbivore assemblage. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies using pre-defined eligibility criteria. We critically appraised the validity of the studies, tested the influence of different moderators, and conducted sensitivity analyses. Quantitative synthesis (i.e., calculation of effect sizes) was performed for ecosystem responses reported by at least five articles and meta-regressions including the effects of potential modifiers for those reported by at least 10 articles. Review findings: The literature searches retrieved 5944 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 201 articles including 3713 studies (i.e., individual comparisons) were deemed relevant for the systematic review, with 2844 of these studies included in quantitative syntheses. The available evidence base on the effects of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems is concentrated around well-established research locations and focuses mainly on the impacts of vertebrate herbivores on vegetation. Overall, greater herbivore diversity led to increased abundance of feeding marks by herbivores and soil temperature, and to reduced total abundance of plants, graminoids, forbs, and litter, plant leaf size, plant height, and moss depth, but the effects of herbivore diversity were difficult to tease apart from those of excluding vertebrate herbivores. The effects of different functional groups of herbivores on graminoid and lichen abundance compensated each other, leading to no net effects when herbivore effects were combined. In turn, smaller herbivores and large-bodied herbivores only reduced plant height when occurring together but not when occurring separately. Greater herbivore diversity increased plant diversity in graminoid tundra but not in other habitat types. Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the importance of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and function of Arctic ecosystems, with different functional groups of herbivores exerting additive or compensatory effects that can be modulated by environmental conditions. Still, many challenges remain to fully understand the complex impacts of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems. Future studies should explicitly address the role of herbivore diversity beyond presence-absence, targeting a broader range of ecosystem responses and explicitly including invertebrate herbivores. A better understanding of the role of herbivore diversity will enhance our ability to predict whether and where shifts in herbivore assemblages might mitigate or further amplify the impacts of environmental change on Arctic ecosystems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 165
    Publication Date: 2024-06-28
    Description: A revaluation of the relative sea-level (RSL) indicators in the Baia di Infreschi (Cilento, Southern Italy) supported by new 30 U/Th dating on speleothems indicates that the upper level of Lithophaga burrows identified by Bini et al. (2020) at ~9 m a.s.l. and correlated to the Last Interglacial (LIG) highstand should be referred to the highstand of the MIS 9e, whereas the local RSL for the highstand of the LIG is now reassessed at 5.3 ± 0.18 m a.s.l. The upper level of the Lithophaga marker can be followed for ~12 km along the coast, suggesting a substantial absence of important relative tectonic movements. In the Baia di Infreschi an additional marine indicator, a notch sealed by a flowstone dated ~110 ka, indicates several phases of RSL stationing below the maximum highstand of the LIG. The presence of flowstones as low as 2 m a.s.l. dated to the MIS 7 shows that the highstand of MIS 7 was probably below the present sea level. All these evidences allow us to reassess the stratigraphy of some archaeological caves in the area, indicating that the sedimentary successions preserved there are older than what was previously believed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 100212
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 166
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    Elsevier
    In:  Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: The Mekong River Basin: Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast, Volume Three presents real facts, data and predictions for quantifying human-induced changes throughout the Mekong watershed, including its estuaries and coasts, and proposes solutions to decrease or mitigate the negative effect and enable sustainable development. This is the first work to link socio–ecological interaction study over the whole Mekong River basin through the lens of ecohydrology. Each chapter is written by a leading expert, with coverage on climate change, groundwater, land use, flooding drought, biodiversity and anthropological issues. Human activities are enormous in the whole watershed and are still increasing throughout the catchment, with severe negative impacts on natural resources are emerging. Among these activities, hydropower dams, especially a series of 11 dams in China, are the most critical as they generate massive changes throughout the system, including in the delta and to the livelihoods of millions of people and they threaten sustainability.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 167
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This open access book examines how Pinewood came to be Britain’s dominant film studio complex, focusing on key years following the Second World War. It presents a revisionist, micro history of the studio and its longevity during a particularly turbulentperiod, explaining Pinewood’s survival at a time when other major film studios such as Denham closed. This book also provides contemporary insights into how Pinewood’s technologies, practices, and filmmaking methods compared to Hollywood’s. Thirteen films produced in1946–47 are analysed in detail, tracking how economic pressures engendered many creative techniques and innovative technologies. Prevailing cultures of management and labour organization are foregrounded, as well as insights into being a studio employee. These are vividly brought to life through an in-depthfocus on the in-house studio magazine Pinewood Merry-Go-Round, which provides rare details of sports and leisure activities organized at the studios.
    Keywords: Pinewood ; Film history ; British cinema ; Film studios ; Innovation ; Technology ; Leisure cultures ; Labour history ; Set design ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema::ATFX Filmmaking and production: technical and background skills
    Language: English
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  • 168
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book provides multidisciplinary perspectives on the potential of agroforestry to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on cocoa production. Against the backdrop of increasingly precarious farmer livelihoods, it focuses on cocoa-agroforestry in Ghana – the second largest producer of cocoa in the world. Taking the reader on a journey across experimental plots and on-farm studies, the book delivers a holistic understanding of cocoa-agroforestry. Chapters examine historical yield and climate interactions, the effects of heat and drought on cocoa plants and the role of differing shade trees on soil fertility, yields, pests and diseases. The book discusses the socioeconomics of shade tree management, including cost-benefits, tree rights and competition for natural resources emphasizing policy implications and recommendations. Taking a multidisciplinary approach to climate-agriculture interactions, the book provides an innovative understanding of agroforestry and perennial cropping systems that goes beyond the Ghanaian cocoa belt. It is of relevance to students, researchers, farmers, practitioners and policymakers working with agroforestry and climate change adaptation. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: cocoa ; climate change ; multidisciplinary ; mitigation ; adaptation ; resilience ; climate-smart agriculture ; Ghana ; shade trees ; farming systems ; ecophysiology ; land rights ; tree use rights ; smallholder farming ; rural livelihoods ; technical efficiency ; perennial crop ; profitability ; sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Apress
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Create mods using the popular game Farming Simulator with Lua, a versatile scripting language that can run on various platforms and applications. This open access book is best suited for programmers who want to learn how to use Lua to write scripts that can enhance and extend the gameplay experience. You'll start by reviewing the basics of programming in Lua and then move on to advanced topics, such as object-oriented programming, vehicle and placeable specializations, network synchronization, and creating custom user interfaces. With step-by-step instructions and detailed explanations, you'll see how to create scripts that modify game mechanics and add new features to the game. The practical examples and projects are ideal for providing hands-on experience with Lua scripting. Whether you are a creator looking to take your skills to the next level or a game developer interested in learning a new programming language, Scripting Farming Simulator with Lua is the ultimate guide to mastering Lua scripting. What You'll Learn Understand the fundamentals of programming in LUA Implement a basic “Hello-World” mod Add a new graphical user interface to your mod Use hook scripts to extend base game features Publish your mod on the official Farming Simulator ModHub Who This Book Is For Creators who want to add new features to Farming Simulator; game developers who want to learn a new programming language for modding purposes, and anyone who wants to expand their knowledge of programming and scripting.
    Keywords: Modding ; Lua ; Farming Simulator ; Scripting ; GIANTS Editor ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMK Games development and programming
    Language: English
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  • 170
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book draws together key research from the UK Climate Resilience programme. It focuses on topics central to the programme’s research agenda, including improved characterisation and quantification of climate risks, enhanced understanding of the management of climate risks, and the development and delivery of climate services. Key chapters address the challenges inherent to undertaking resilience research, including how to make the term ‘climate resilience’ usable and useful, co-producing research between academics, policy makers and practitioners, and engaging and communicating outside of academia. This book is unique in providing a concise and accessible overview of the programme’s key lessons, placing the findings into a wider context and it will inform future research, policy and practice agendas.
    Keywords: Climate risk ; climate adaptation ; risk ; resilience ; climate services ; climate resilience ; climate change ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
    Language: English
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  • 171
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Religion as a form of cultural expression constitutes a critical element in the relationship between Germany and India. The discovery of Indian traditions in Germany and re-interpretations of those traditions in India fueled not only new theological and philosophical explorations, but also extensive innovations in the fields of music, dance, bodily experience, and political intervention. Seeking to uncover the enfolding of colonial thought structures through presentations of the Self, while placing them in the context of global colonial value chains that connected the peripheries with the centre, this interdisciplinary volume addresses India through the lens of an entangled relationship. Adopting the position that the acceleration of communication, technical development, and colonisation locally triggered re-interpretations of the religious sphere, This volume takes a look at the period from 1800 to the end of National Socialism, tracing the strands of an Indo-Germanic religion in the making as it goes along. A special emphasis is placed on the artistic expressions of religious experience including re-enactments of musical compositions and dance configurations, which were created to embody India in Germany. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Kaiserreich ; Ahmadiyya Islam ; coloniality ; völkisch ; Madame Menaka ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAC Comparative religion ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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  • 172
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This OpenAccess - textbook sheds new light on pathology in and around the orbit, which is typically an area where many medical disciplines overlap. Each physician brings a specific expertise, but the goal should be that the end result of all this input is much more than the sum of the parts. Collaboration, insight and overall knowledge of all parties involved are essential to achieve an optimal patient outcome. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons have traditionally focused on the bony parts of the orbit, but usually have limited knowledge of the intricacies of binocular single vision, and for the Ophthalmologist it may be the other way around. In the past, scientific articles were often written from a single point of view, resulting in tunnel vision for the physician. The multidisciplinary approach to the orbit leads to an improvement in treatment that should not be underestimated and from which the patient benefits immensely. But especially forthe physician and the trainees, a multidisciplinary consultation is a real goldmine in which a lot can be gained. Not every medical problem needs to be tackled in a multidisciplinary framework, but problems around the eye socket often do. At Amphia Hospital in Breda, the Netherlands, more than fifteen years ago, a collaboration between Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Endocrinologists, Radiologists and Ophthalmologists was initiated, which has proven to be very fruitful. The main focus was on Graves' Orbitopathy and orbital fractures, but problems associated with these conditions were also frequently encountered. For those who want to follow this example, or for those who are interested in both orbital surgery, anatomy or ophthalmological orbital issues, this book could prove to be complementary.
    Keywords: Orbit ; Treatment Protocol ; Graves ; Trauma ; Multidisciplinary ; Orbital Infectiom ; Orbital Anatomy ; OpenAccess ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKE Dentistry::MKEP Oral and maxillofacial surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJQ Ophthalmology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFC Anatomy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery::MNP Plastic and reconstructive surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJP Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
    Language: English
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  • 173
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book, the Community of Practice led by the VPH Institute, the Avicenna Alliance, and the In Silico World consortium has brought together 138 experts in In Silico Trials working in academia, the medical industry, regulatory bodies, hospitals, and consulting firms. Through a consensus process, these experts produced the first attempt to define some Good Simulation Practices on how to develop, evaluate, and use In Silico Trials. Good Simulation Practice constitutes an indispensable guide for anyone who is planning to engage at any title with In Silico Trials.
    Keywords: In Silico Trials ; In Silico Medicinal Chemistry ; In Silico Dreams ; Multiscale Modeling of the Skeletal System ; Brain and Human Body Modeling ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MQ Nursing and ancillary services::MQW Biomedical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
    Language: English
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This open access book explores the intersection of gender and climate change, suggests ways in which innovative technologies can accelerate climate relief actions, and offers strategies for integrating climate change initiatives into national policies and planning. By examining the devastating consequences of climate change on women and girls throughout the continent, the authors pose a crucial question: Does gender matter in climate change discussions in Africa? Political and social traditions have burdened women with greater vulnerability to the impacts of climate-related natural disasters, including violence, displacement, poverty, famine and lack of access to clean water. However, women are also key to effective and inclusive climate mitigation, adaptation, and decision-making. The authors provide a compelling discourse that identifi es the social and economic benefi ts for all citizens when genderinclusive policies shape equitable and targeted action plans, from mitigationto adaptation and funding. The UN’s SDG 13 calls for urgent action and commitment to combat climate change. The implementable and action-oriented propositions presented in this book will be of interest to students, educators, practitioners, third-sector actors, and policymakers committed to gender equality, sustainable development and climate action in Africa.
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; SDGs ; climate change ; women's empowerment ; gender inclusion ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1H Africa ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJD Business innovation ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJK International business
    Language: English
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  • 175
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This OpenAccess - textbook sheds new light on pathology in and around the orbit, which is typically an area where many medical disciplines overlap. Each physician brings a specific expertise, but the goal should be that the end result of all this input is much more than the sum of the parts. Collaboration, insight and overall knowledge of all parties involved are essential to achieve an optimal patient outcome. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons have traditionally focused on the bony parts of the orbit, but usually have limited knowledge of the intricacies of binocular single vision, and for the Ophthalmologist it may be the other way around. In the past, scientific articles were often written from a single point of view, resulting in tunnel vision for the physician. The multidisciplinary approach to the orbit leads to an improvement in treatment that should not be underestimated and from which the patient benefits immensely. But especially for the physician and the trainees, a multidisciplinary consultation is a real goldmine in which a lot can be gained. Not every medical problem needs to be tackled in a multidisciplinary framework, but problems around the eye socket often do. At Amphia Hospital in Breda, the Netherlands, more than fifteen years ago, a collaboration between Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Endocrinologists, Radiologists and Ophthalmologists was initiated, which has proven to be very fruitful. The main focus was on Graves' Orbitopathy and orbital fractures, but problems associated with these conditions were also frequently encountered. For those who want to follow this example, or for those who are interested in both orbital surgery, anatomy or ophthalmological orbital issues, this book could prove to be complementary.
    Keywords: Orbit ; Treatment Protocol ; Graves ; Trauma ; Multidisciplinary ; Orbital Infectiom ; Orbital Anatomy ; OpenAccess ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKE Dentistry::MKEP Oral and maxillofacial surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJQ Ophthalmology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFC Anatomy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery::MNP Plastic and reconstructive surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJP Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
    Language: English
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  • 176
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access textbook introduces and defines digital humanism from a diverse range of disciplines. Following the 2019 Vienna Manifesto, the book calls for a digital humanism that describes, analyzes, and, most importantly, influences the complex interplay of technology and humankind, for a better society and life, fully respecting universal human rights. The book is organized in three parts: Part I “Background” provides the multidisciplinary background needed to understand digital humanism in its philosophical, cultural, technological, historical, social, and economic dimensions. The goal is to present the necessary knowledge upon which an effective interdisciplinary discourse on digital humanism can be founded. Part II “Digital Humanism – a System’s View” focuses on an in-depth presentation and discussion of the main digital humanism concerns arising in current digital systems. The goal of this part is to make readers aware and sensitive to these issues, including e.g. the control and autonomy of AI systems, privacy and security, and the role of governance. Part III “Critical and Societal Issues of Digital Systems” delves into critical societal issues raised by advances of digital technologies. While the public debate in the past has often focused on them separately, especially when they became visible through sensational events the aim here is to shed light on the entire landscape and show their interconnected relationships. This includes issues such as AI and ethics, fairness and bias, privacy and surveillance, platform power and democracy. This textbook is intended for students, teachers, and policy makers interested in digital humanism. It is designed for stand-alone and for complementary courses in computer science, or curricula in science, engineering, humanities and social sciences. Each chapter includes questions for students and an annotated reading list to dive deeper into the associated chapter material. The book aims to provide readers with as wide an exposure as possible to digital advances and their consequences for humanity. It includes constructive ideas and approaches that seek to ensure that our collective digital future is determined through human agency.
    Keywords: ethics in computer science ; responsible technologies ; legal issues and regulation ; data privacy ; digitalization ; digital economy ; digital humanism ; social responsibility ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 177
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This open access book explores contemporary practices that challenge science, arguing that this matter cannot be simply disregarded as a new manifestation of “anti-scientism”. It scrutinizes the processes through which knowledge claims, refused by established institutions and the scientific community, seek legitimacy. Assuming an agnostic analytical stance, it explores the actors involved in such processes and their social worlds, their interactions with epistemic institutions, and the ways in which they enact such refused knowledge in their daily lives. Drawing on a three-year mixed-method research project, this collection demonstrates how refused knowledge can be seen as a distinct mode of knowing, employed in response to the uncertainties of everyday life. Thus, it offers a deeper understanding not only of how refused knowledge garners credibility, but also of how knowledge at large – including scientific knowledge – emerges from specific sociotechnical assemblages.
    Keywords: Science contestation ; Anti-science ; Symmetry Principle ; Expertise ; Epistemic Democracy ; Post-truth ; Science-denialism ; Refused Knowledge ; Actor–network Theory ; Situated Knowledge ; Feminist Epistemology ; Social Network Analysis ; Social Imaginaries ; Media Analysis ; Fringe Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies
    Language: English
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  • 178
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    Springer Nature | Birkhäuser
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book covers the main topics for a course on the differential geometry of curves and surfaces. Unlike the common approach in existing textbooks, there is a strong focus on variational problems, ranging from elastic curves to surfaces that minimize area, or the Willmore functional. Moreover, emphasis is given on topics that are useful for applications in science and computer graphics. Most often these applications are concerned with finding the shape of a curve or a surface that minimizes physically meaningful energy. Manifolds are not introduced as such, but the presented approach provides preparation and motivation for a follow-up course on manifolds, and topics like the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for compact surfaces are covered.
    Keywords: Differential Geometry ; Surfaces ; Curves ; Elastic ; Minimal ; Willmore ; Variational Calculus ; Riemannian Geometry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBM Geometry::PBMP Differential and Riemannian geometry
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  • 179
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This open access book is a superb collection of some fifteen chapters inspired by Schroeder-Heister's groundbreaking work, written by leading experts in the field, plus an extensive autobiography and comments on the various contributions by Schroeder-Heister himself. For several decades, Peter Schroeder-Heister has been a central figure in proof-theoretic semantics, a field of study situated at the interface of logic, theoretical computer science, natural-language semantics, and the philosophy of language. The chapters of which this book is composed discuss the subject from a rich variety of angles, including the history of logic, the proper interpretation of logical validity, natural deduction rules, the notions of harmony and of synonymy, the structure of proofs, the logical status of equality, intentional phenomena, and the proof theory of second-order arithmetic. All chapters relate directly to questions that have driven Schroeder-Heister's own research agenda and to which he has made seminal contributions. The extensive autobiographical chapter not only provides a fascinating overview of Schroeder-Heister's career and the evolution of his academic interests but also constitutes a contribution to the recent history of logic in its own right, painting an intriguing picture of the philosophical, logical, and mathematical institutional landscape in Germany and elsewhere since the early 1970s. The papers collected in this book are illuminatingly put into a unified perspective by Schroeder-Heister's comments at the end of the book. Both graduate students and established researchers in the field will find this book an excellent resource for future work in proof-theoretic semantics and related areas.
    Keywords: Proof-theoretic Semantics ; Logical Constants ; Proof Theory ; Deductive Logic ; Constructive Logic ; Intuitionistic Logic ; Mathematical Logic ; Peter Schroeder-Heister ; Gerhard Gentzen ; Gottlob Frege ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTL Philosophy: logic ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFA Philosophy of language ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBB Philosophy of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CB Language: reference and general::CBX Language: history and general works ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTL Philosophy: logic ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFA Philosophy of language ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBB Philosophy of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CB Language: reference and general::CBX Language: history and general works
    Language: English
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  • 180
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book explores an approach that connects individual and societal processes throughout history and shifting trends in sociological perspectives, influenced by C. Wright Mills’ theories of time and temporality. It traces its origins from American pragmatist thought and Chicago qualitative sociology in the early 20th century to the revival of biographical research in European and American sociology during the 1970s. The book shows empirical studies from this vibrant research approach can bridge methodological gaps between qualitative and quantitative biographical studies, applicable to various topics like class, gender, ethnicity, and intergenerational dimensions.
    Keywords: Life course ; Biography ; Mixed-methods ; Case studies ; Temporality ; History-biography dynamic ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBK Sociology: family and relationships ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFG Semantics, discourse analysis, stylistics
    Language: English
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  • 181
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    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Dieses Open-Access-Buch basiert auf einer mikrosoziologischen Analyse des Akteursverhaltens in der Programmplanung und -entwicklung der Weiterbildung an Schweizer Hochschulen. Diese ist in einen ausgeprägten Weiterbildungsmarkt eingebettet, in welchem öffentliche und private Anbieter miteinander konkurrieren. Die Marktorientierung vollzieht sich dabei auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen, indem sowohl Wettbewerbsdynamiken als auch Berufspraxis und Gesellschaft als prioritäre Themenkontexte der Nachfragerinnen und Nachfrager hochschulischer Weiterbildungen zu berücksichtigen sind. Auf der Ebene der Hochschulen ergibt sich für die Akteure und Akteurinnen in der Programmplanung und -entwicklung ein Spannungsfeld, da sowohl Funktionslogiken der Wissenschaftsinstitution als auch Mechanismen des Weiterbildungsmarktes in der Hochschulweiterbildung wirksam werden. Die Programmverantwortlichen üben in diesem Umfeld eine aktive und gestaltende Rolle aus, indem sie Weiterbildungen inhaltlich entwickeln und marktbezogen vertreiben. Als methodologischer Zugang dient die Konventionenökonomie. Es wird untersucht, wie verantwortliche Akteure und Akteurinnen in der Weiterbildung an Hochschulen ihre Planungsentscheide auf der Basis von Konventionen begründen, und welchem Qualitätsverständnis zu hochschulischen Weiterbildungen dabei gefolgt wird.
    Keywords: Hochschulweiterbildung ; Wirtschaftssoziologie ; Bildungsmanagement ; Konventionenökonomie ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Weiterbildungsforschung ; Hochschulbildung ; Weiterbildungsmanagement ; Konventionen ; Bildungssoziologie ; Konventionentheorie ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education
    Language: German
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  • 182
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book features an in-depth exploration of the intricate creep behavior exhibited by metallic materials, with a specific focus on elucidating the underlying mechanical properties governing their response at elevated temperatures, particularly in the context of polycrystalline alloys. Traditional approaches to characterizing mechanical properties have historically relied upon empirical models replete with numerous adjustable parameters, painstakingly tuned to match experimental data. While these methods offer practical simplicity, they often yield outcomes that defy meaningful extrapolation and application to novel systems, invariably necessitating the recalibration of parameters afresh. In stark contrast, this book compiles a compendium of models sourced from the scientific literature, meticulously crafted through ab initio methodologies rooted in fundamental physical principles. Notably, these models stand apart by their conspicuous absence of adjustable parameters. This pioneering effort is envisioned as a groundbreaking initiative, marking the first of its kind in the field. The resulting models, bereft of arbitrary tuning, offer a level of predictability hitherto unattained. Notably, they provide a secure foundation for ascertaining operational mechanisms, contributing significantly to enhancing our understanding of material behavior in high-temperature environments. This open access book is a valuable resource for researchers and seasoned students engaged in the study of creep phenomena in metallic materials. Readers will find a comprehensive exposition of these novel, parameter-free models, facilitating a deeper comprehension of the intricate mechanics governing material deformation at elevated temperatures.
    Keywords: Stress strain curves ; Stationary creep ; Dislocation model ; Creep with low stress exponents ; Solid solution hardening ; Precipitation hardening ; Modelling of subgrain formation ; Grain boundary sliding ; Brittle rupture ; Ductile rupture ; Hart's criterion ; Cavitation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book focuses on how scientific methodologies can help industrial managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers handle the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in an efficient and realistic way. It also offers an operative scheme for scientists to overcome their discipline barriers. Is interdisciplinarity an intrinsic research value or is it merely instrumental for handling the increasing flux of open problems that sustainability poses to science?Can these problems of sustainability be solved with what the authors already know? Is it just a matter of having the right people at the table and giving them sufficient resources, or is it something more? Is meeting the needs of the present without compromising those of future generations a scientific definition of sustainable development? Questions similar to those posed in the sixties regarding complexity must be asked about sustainability today. In addition, the new data science includes powerful tools for making novelquantitative predictions about future sustainability indicators, an open problem that the book discusses. This book is primarily addressed to Ph.D. students, postdocs and senior researchers in the Life and Hard Science (LHS) and Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) disciplines, as well as professionals of the primary, secondary and tertiary industrial sectors.
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; Data science in Sustainability ; SDG Targets ; Data Science in Sustainable Development Goals ; Complex Network ; Food Security ; Climate Changes ; Environmental Changes ; Human Ecology ; Sustainable Economy ; Space Science ; Platform For a Science-industry Dialogue ; Industrial Processes ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPF Information theory::GPFC Cybernetics and systems theory ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management::RNFF Food security and supply ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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  • 184
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Der vorliegende Open-Access-Band gibt einen umfassenden Einblick in aktuelle europäische und nationale Anforderungen zur Kreislaufwirtschaft im Bau- und Immobilienwesen. Es beleuchtet die Entwicklungen der Gebäudezertifizierungen sowie die aktuellen Möglichkeiten digitaler Gebäudepässe. Zudem wird erörtert, wie Building Information Modelling BIM verwendet werden kann, um Bauwerksdaten schnell und strukturiert zur Verfügung zu stellen und langgfrisitig entlang der Wertschöpfungskette zu dokumentieren. In einem verlinkten online-Artikel findet sich ergänzend die Beschreibung eines Demoprojektes und eine ausführliche Kriterienliste zum kreislauffähigen Planen und Bauen.
    Keywords: Kreislauffähiges Bauen ; Digitalisierung ; Building Information Modelling ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Prinzipien der Kreislauffähigkeit ; Gebäudezertifizierungssysteme ; Gebäudepass ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: German
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  • 185
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This open access book sheds light on the term gongsheng/kyōsei, which is used in Chinese and Japanese to not only translate “symbiosis” in biology but also broadly deployed in philosophical, social and political contexts. It is a cross-contextual attempt to study the foundation of gongsheng/kyōsei as a philosophy of co-becoming, with exploration of its significance for thinking about the planetary challenges of our times.
    Keywords: Symbiosis ; Confucianism ; Daoism ; Buddhism ; Human society ; Gong Sheng ; Chinese philosophy ; Mutual Embeddedness ; Environmental philosophy ; Ecological anthropology ; Human-machine relationship ; Co-existence ; Co-becoming ; Social cohesion ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general
    Language: English
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  • 186
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book provides insight on how the tactical urbanism has the capacity to influence change in mobility practices such as cycling. COVID-19 crisis prompted the public authorities to rethink the use of public space in order to develop means of transport that are both efficient and adapted to the health context and their effects on cycling practices in Europe, North, and South America. Its contributors collectively reveal and evidence through policies analysis, mapping, and innovative qualitative analysis bridging video and interviews, how those new infrastructures and policies can be a trigger for change in a context of mobility transition. This book provides an important element on the way local authorities can act in a quicker and more agile way. While some decisions are specific to the context of the beginning of the pandemic, the analysis offers lessons on the way to implement the transition toward a low-carbon mobility, on the importance of processes based on trials and errors, on the political stakes of reallocating road space.
    Keywords: Tactical Urbanism ; Mobility Policies ; Urban Planning and COVID-19 ; Urban Geography and Urbanism ; Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPR Regional, state and other local government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Language: English
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  • 187
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    Springer Nature | J.B. Metzler
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Dieses Open-Access-Buch beschäftigt sich mit der Zuordnung der Gebrauchsspuren bei jung- und endneolithischen Knochenartefakten zu einem Werkmaterial oder einer Funktion. In der Regel werden Knochen-, Geweih- und Zahnartefakte nur typologisch untersucht. Dabei werden Begriffe wie etwa „Meißel“, „Pfriem“, „Ahle“, „Schaber“ aufgrund der Form der Artefakte vergeben, ohne jedoch die tatsächliche Funktion bzw. den Verwendungszweck näher zu untersuchen. Experimentalarchäologische Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass es durchaus Unterschiede in den Gebrauchsspuren gibt, die wiederum Rückschlüsse auf den tatsächlichen Gebrauch und das bearbeitete Material ermöglichen. Die bisherigen Experimente haben gezeigt, dass sich die Gebrauchsspuren in drei Gruppen einteilen lassen, die wichtige Hinweise auf die Art der Bewegung oder die Handhabung und damit auf das bearbeitete Material geben. Zudem haben die Untersuchungen von nachgebauten Werkzeugen und Artefakten ergeben, dass die Mikrospuren direkt miteinander verglichen werden können.
    Keywords: Use Wear Analysis ; Herstellungsspuren ; Gebrauchsspuren ; Knochenartefakte ; Funtkionsanalyse ; Feuchtbodensiedlungen ; Neolithikum ; Experimentelle Archäologie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: German
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  • 188
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book gathers original contributions focused on the transition of the European steel industry to Industry 4.0. It not only investigates how Industry 4.0 can enhance productivity, cost-saving, and sustainability in the steel industry but also helps to comprehend its broad consequences on employment, education and training, human resources, economic resilience and decarbonisation. The content engages with the international debate on Industry 4.0 through the lens of the steel industry from a multidisciplinary perspective. It encourages a scientifically grounded critical approach and includes contributions from humanities and technical disciplines, with a focus on the social dimensions of the phenomenon. This book draws strength from up-to-date international research projects and adopts a strong industry-based perspective, providing a thorough description and analysis of the state of the art of the European steel industry. It also analyzes the trends, outcomes, opportunities, and criticalities arising with the transition to the Industry 4.0 paradigm. The book is primarily based on the results of the European Steel Skills Agenda (ESSA) skills alliance project co-funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union and supported by the European Steel Technology Platform (ESTEP). This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Industry 4.0 ; Steel Industry ; Skill Formation ; Recruitment ; Technological Innovation ; Workforce Development ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 189
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    Springer Nature | Springer VS
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird erstmals die sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung von Verbänden als Strategie im Zugang zum Recht in die Tiefe gehend analysiert und anhand von drei exemplarisch dargestellten Beratungssituationen die Herstellung eines Zugangs zum System sozialer Sicherung rekonstruiert. Die Beratung der Sozialverbände zu sozialen Problemlagen ist ein historisch gewachsenes Gefüge im Sozialstaat. Sie tragen mit ihrer Beratung dazu bei, dass Bürger:innen im Bedarfsfall Barrieren im Zugang zum System sozialer Sicherung überwinden und auf die sozialen Sicherungssysteme zugreifen können. Die Gestaltung des Beratungssettings ist dabei von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung.
    Keywords: sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung ; Rechtsmobilisierung ; Zugang zum Recht ; System sozialer Sicherung ; Sozialverbände ; Sozialrecht ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: German
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  • 190
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    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: Dieses Open-Access-Buch gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über die Verfahren und Abläufe der nationalen Umsetzung der UNESCO-Konvention zur Erhaltung des immateriellen Kulturerbes in Deutschland. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf die Jahre unmittelbar vor und nach dem deutschen Beitritt zum Übereinkommen im Jahre 2013. Durch eine Politikfeldanalyse wird insbesondere der Frage nachgegangen, ob und wie die neue Aufgabe vom übergreifenden Ziel des Politikfelds, kulturelle Teilhabe zu steigern, beeinflusst wurde. Die Kombination aus einer Insiderperspektive des Autors mit einem analytischen Forschungsansatz dürfte für Vertreterinnen und Vertreter der Praxis des deutschen Mehrebenensystems der Kulturpolitik ebenso interessant sein wie für andere Forschende im Feld.
    Keywords: UNESCO-Konvention zur Erhaltung des immateriellen Kulturerbes ; Auswärtige Kulturpolitik ; Kulturelle Teilhabe ; Immaterielles Kulturerbe in Deutschland ; UNESCO-Kulturerbe in Deutschland ; Kulturpolitik-Instrumente im internationalen Vergleich ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: German
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  • 191
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: This open access book provides an overview of the progress in landslide research and technology and is part of a book series of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). The book provides a common platform for the publication of recent progress in landslide research and technology for practical applications and the benefit for the society contributing to the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020, which is expected to continue up to 2030 and even beyond to globally promote the understanding and reduction of landslide disaster risk, as well as to address the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals.
    Keywords: Landslide Disaster Mitigation Measures ; Monitoring and Early Warning ; Testing, Modeling and Risk Assessment ; Frontiers of Landslide Science and Applications ; Landslide Mechanism and Dynamics ; Catastrophic Landslides ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNR Natural disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology & the lithosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UB Information technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
    Language: English
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  • 192
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book explores the various dimensions of women’s empowerment in public policy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, with a particular focus on Qatar, comparing the country to the other Gulf states. Through its rich compilation of empirical qualitative research, the text unpacks the various ways in which women’s empowerment materializes in the GCC context, providing insights into public policy perspectives in high-income rentier states more broadly. The Arab world has long been part of the global dialogue on women’s economic and political empowerment and the GCC has, over the past decade, situated women’s empowerment amongst their respective national priorities and long-term strategies. In turn, the Gulf has seen gradual implementation of policies aimed at women, specifically, in looking to attract and retain them in the labour market, and in the public sector more broadly. The collection surveys and evaluates the progress made in recent decades, paying close attention to the cultural and policy constraints still limiting women’s empowerment in the Gulf. With a key linkage to SDG5, this book is a timely text addressing the context and drivers behind policies centering on women in the Arab region, in its analysis of the interplay of international women’s empowerment discourse and regional public policy decisions. It is relevant to researchers and policy makers focused on women and gender issues in relation to social, cultural, economic, and political empowerment in the Gulf specifically, but also in the Arab world and beyond. ; This open access book explores the various dimensions of women’s empowerment in public policy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), with a particular focus on Qatar, comparing the country to the other Gulf states. Through its rich compilation of empirical qualitative research, the text unpacks the various ways in which women’s empowerment materializes in the GCC context, providing insights into public policy perspectives in high-income rentier states more broadly. The Arab world has long been part of the global dialogue on women’s economic and political empowerment and the GCC has, over the past decade, situated women’s empowerment amongst their respective national priorities and long-term strategies. In turn, the Gulf has seen gradual implementation of policies aimed at women, specifically, in looking to attract and retain them in the labour market, and in the public sector more broadly. The collection surveys and evaluates the progress made in recent decades, paying close attention to the cultural and policy constraints still limiting women’s empowerment in the Gulf. With a key linkage to SDG5, this book is a timely text addressing the context and drivers behind policies centering on women in the Arab region, in its analysis of the interplay of international women’s empowerment discourse and regional public policy decisions. It is relevant to researchers and policy makers focused on women and gender issues in relation to social, cultural, economic, and political empowerment in the Gulf specifically, but also in the Arab world and beyond.
    Keywords: Public Policy and Women Empowerment in the Gulf ; Women and Work in Qatar ; Maqasid Approach to Women Empowerment ; Public Sector and Empowering Women in Qatar ; Public Sector and Empowering Women in the GCC ; Family and Labour Economics ; Gender, Family and Society ; Gender in Law and Policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBK Sociology: family and relationships ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNH Employment and labour law: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCF Labour / income economics
    Language: English
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  • 193
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: In an era of rapid change and increasing societal demands, the role of universities as knowledge producers and catalysts for change has come under scrutiny. This open access book offers a fresh perspective on the significance of universities in society, shedding light on how their knowledge can truly matter beyond academia. Drawing upon insightful inquiries from both the Swedish and international contexts, this volume delves into the multifaceted interactions between universities and various knowledge users, emphasizing the need for scholars to reflect on how their knowledge can become useful and applicable to wider society. Organized into three compelling themes, collaboration, engagement, and impact, this book explores the concept of "mattering". Together and jointly, they point at the fluid movement of scholars and scholarly knowledge across academic, political, and public spaces, and the intentional actions of scientists to leverage their expertise for real-worldimpact. Essential reading for social science and humanities scholars, university management professionals, and individuals keen on a critical understanding of the evolving role of universities, this volume offers a comprehensive examination of how universities have mattered, continue to matter, and can shape the future.
    Keywords: Knowledge and Innovation ; Knowledge transfer ; Universities in society ; Knowledge production ; Innovation and Technology Management ; University governance ; Science–policy interaction ; Role of universities in society ; Research collaboration ; Inequality in academia ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJD Business innovation ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMK Knowledge management ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy
    Language: English
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  • 194
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access edited volume focuses on the scope and benefits of strengthening local industrial-health linkages. The Covid-19 pandemic collapsed international supply chains for health. That experience brought home to African policy makers the critical nature of local manufacturing capabilities for sustaining and strengthening health care, and highlighted the pandemic benefits of India’s much stronger industrial base. At that time, a network of researchers in East Africa, India and the UK were investigating how to address the crisis of cancer care in low-resource health systems. Their project, uniquely, focused on the scope and benefits of strengthening local industrial-health linkages. The project researchers were also drawn into the pressing demands of Covid19 response. The result is this very timely book. The authors link their research on cancer to pandemic experience, and they draw sharp lessons for how countries can enhance their populations’ health security. The authors argue that improving cancer care is crucial for human wellbeing and more inclusive health care. They challenge policy makers to bring together health needs, health innovations and improved industrial capabilities to embed better cancer care and broader health system improvement in local industrial innovation and development.
    Keywords: Covid19 ; cancer ; Africa ; India ; health security ; manufacturing for health ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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  • 195
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This Open Access book examines the link between intercultural competence (IC) and pragmatics by asking frontline modern foreign language teachers in higher education teaching a variety of languages (e.g., Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish) how they conceptualise intercultural competence and which skills, competences and knowledge they consider important in their teaching contexts. The data were collected with an online survey that focused on the relationship between intercultural competence and pragmatics. While international organizations such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) or the Council of Europe (CoE) agree that intercultural competence should play an important role in education, it is not always clear what IC may encompass in specific teaching contexts and subject areas. Examining how modern foreign language teachers in higher education conceptualise intercultural competence and the value they attach as well as the attention they give to various areas of pragmatics in their teaching is highly important, since those language professionals may be the final teachers learners encounter during their formal foreign language education. They are therefore in a unique position to shape modern foreign language learners’ intercultural and pragmatic awareness, competence and skills. This book will be of interest to language professionals, modern foreign language teachers and teacher trainers, as well as students and scholars of applied linguistics, pragmatics, and language education.
    Keywords: intercultural competence ; pragmatic competence ; intercultural teaching ; intercultural communicative competence ; L2 pragmatics ; teaching of L2 pragmatics ; intercultural competence in foreign language teaching ; language and culture ; intercultural skills ; intercultural communication ; communicative competence ; intercultural competence in higher education ; intercultural education ; interlanguage pragmatics ; ICC ; IC ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFG Semantics, discourse analysis, stylistics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CB Language: reference and general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education
    Language: English
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  • 196
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This seminal compendium, available through open access, illuminates the forefront of digital collaboration in production. It introduces the visionary concept of the Internet of Production (IoP), an ambitious initiative by Germany's esteemed Cluster of Excellence at RWTH Aachen University. This handbook pioneers the integration of data, models, and knowledge across development, production, and user cycles, offering interdisciplinary insights into production technology's horizons with the overall objective to create a worldwide lab. The work is organized into seven key parts, each contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the IoP. Part I lays the foundation with interdisciplinary visions and concepts. Part II delves into IoP's infrastructure, encompassing digital shadows and actionable artificial intelligence. Part III examines materials within the digitalized production landscape. Part IV confronts the challenges and potentials of production processes under novel digitalization methods. Part V focuses on production management with data-driven decision support, while Part VI explores agile development processes. Finally, Part VII delves into the interplay between internal and external perspectives in the IoP, human-centered work design, and platform-based ecosystems. Supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), this compendium redefines manufacturing through the transformative IoP lens. Embrace this scholarly endeavor to embrace technological advancement. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Internet of Production ; Industrial Internet of Things ; Advanced Manufacturing ; Production ; Digital Shadow ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV5 Production and quality control management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV8 Purchasing and supply management
    Language: English
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  • 197
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open access book introduces a groundbreaking concept - civil society elites - and serves as an essential resource for scholars, researchers and students interested in the complexities of power and influence within contemporary civil societies. Through a series of unique empirical studies, the authors offer a comprehensive examination of the individuals occupying the upper echelons of influential civil society organisations and movements. By delving into the factors that propel individuals into key positions and examining the connections between civil society leaders within and across sectors, the book offers insight into the mechanisms that shape access to powerful positions in civil societies. As a reflection of current debates on elites and populism, the book furthermore explores the expression and conceptualisation of counter-elite positions and criticism of civil society elites. With its original approach, the book serves as a catalyst for further research into inequalities, power structures and elites within civil societies.
    Keywords: Civil society elites ; Elite theory ; Civil society theory ; Elite integration ; Elite reproduction ; Elite contestation ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare & social services::JKSN Social work ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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  • 198
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book offers a comprehensive exploration of the digital innovations that have emerged in recent years for the circular built environment. Each chapter is meticulously crafted to ensure that both academic readers and industry practitioners can grasp the inner workings of each digital technology, understand its relevance to the circular built environment, examine real-life implementations, and appreciate the intriguing business models behind them. Our primary objective is to blend scholarly knowledge with practical inspiration by providing real-life case studies for each innovation. The authors, who possess extensive expertise in their respective fields, have contributed chapters dedicated to digital technologies within their areas of specialization. The book is organized into three distinct parts. The first part focuses on data-driven digital technologies and delves into how their capabilities can facilitate the transition to a circular built environment. Essential aspects such as building information modeling (BIM), digital twins, geographical information systems (GIS), scanning technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), data templates, and material passports are explored as vital tools for data collection, integration, and analysis in the context of circular construction. In the second part, various digital technologies for design and fabrication are introduced. Topics covered include computational design algorithms, additive and subtractive manufacturing, robotic manufacturing, and extended reality. These discussions shed light on how these technologies can be leveraged to enhance design and fabrication processes within the circular built environment. Finally, the last part of the book presents emerging digital concepts related to business and governance. It explores the role of deconstruction and reverse logistics, blockchain technology, digital building logbooks, and innovative business models as enablers of circularity in the built environment. The book concludes with a chapter dedicated to digital transformation and its potential to propel the built environment towards a regenerative future. In addition to the substantive content, the book features forewords and perspectives from esteemed experts, providing valuable economic and creative insights to complement its comprehensive approach.
    Keywords: Digital innovations in the construction sector ; Applications in the construction sector ; Circular economy in the built environment ; Digital construction ; Addititive manufacturing ; Robotic manufacturing and artificial intelligence ; Big data and analytics ; Blockchain ; Circular business models ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQD Environmental monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UF Business applications::UFM Mathematical and statistical software
    Language: English
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  • 199
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    Springer Nature | Springer VS
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: Jakob Graf wirft in diesem Open-Access-Buch die Frage auf, wie sozialökologische Konflikte am Rande der Weltwirtschaft soziologisch verstanden werden können. Dabei zeigt er, dass gerade in durch Rohstoffausbeutung gekennzeichneten Ländern des Globalen Südens große Teile der Erwerbstätigen nicht mittels Lohnarbeit in den globalen Kapitalismus integriert werden. Aus Sicht der kapitalistischen Weltwirtschaft sind große Teile der weltweiten Armen vielmehr „überflüssig“. Der Autor zeigt, dass diese Menschen allerdings nicht einfach „arbeitslos“, sondern vielfach wirtschaftlich aktiv sind; sie tragen in entscheidendem Maße zum Überleben der Menschen in ärmeren Ländern bei. Wie aus dem Widerspruch zwischen diesen lokalen „bedarfsökonomischen“ Aktivitäten und der kapitalistischen Wirtschaft sozialökologische Konflikte entstehen, verdeutlicht Graf am Beispiel der indigenen Mapuche im Süden Chiles. Diese setzen sich gegen die Expansion der industriellen Forstwirtschaft zur Wehr, die für die Weltmärkte in riesigen Forstplantagen Zellstoff produziert. Als historisch "Enteignete" kämpfen die Mapuche für die Wiederaneignung ihres Landes und ihrer Ressourcen. Graf analysiert die Funktionsweise derartiger Konflikte, er fragt, wie sich die soziale Gruppe der „Überflüssigen“ soziologisch verstehen lässt.
    Keywords: Lateinamerika ; soziale Konflikte ; Chile ; Kapitalismus ; Kolonialismus ; Globaler Süden ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Language: German
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: Für jene, die (künftig) als Lehrkräfte oder in anderen Positionen im Kontext von Schule arbeiten, ist es unerlässlich, über ein orientierendes Wissen zum Schulsystem zu verfügen. In Anlehnung an die Themenstruktur der Module zum bildungswissenschaftlichen Studium bietet dieses Open-Access-Lehrbuch in komprimierter und präziser Form zentrale, wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlagen zur Entstehung, Struktur und Steuerung des deutschen Schulsystems und seiner Qualitätsentwicklung. Eine konzentrierte Themenwahl und die grundlegende Einführung zentraler Begriffe und problemorientierter Zusammenhänge garantieren ein vertieftes Basiswissen, das sowohl im Rahmen von Lehrveranstaltungen als auch zur Prüfungsvorbereitung unentbehrlich ist. Hierzu tragen auch Reflexionsaufgaben am Ende aller Kapitel bei. Über eine grundlegende Aktualisierung der herangezogenen Forschungs- und Datenlage hinaus bietet die 4. Auflage nun einen systematischen Blick auf die (nicht) staatlichen Akteure, die aufunterschiedlichen Ebenen des Bildungssystems Einfluss nehmen. Darüber hinaus werden Querschnittsthemen (wie Inklusion und Digitalisierung) stärker akzentuiert, die das Bild von Schule prägen. ; Für jene, die (künftig) als Lehrkräfte oder in anderen Positionen im Kontext von Schule arbeiten, ist es unerlässlich, über ein orientierendes Wissen zum Schulsystem zu verfügen. In Anlehnung an die Themenstruktur der Module zum bildungswissenschaftlichen Studium bietet dieses Open-Access-Lehrbuch in komprimierter und präziser Form zentrale, wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlagen zur Entstehung, Struktur und Steuerung des deutschen Schulsystems und seiner Qualitätsentwicklung. Eine konzentrierte Themenwahl und die grundlegende Einführung zentraler Begriffe und problemorientierter Zusammenhänge garantieren ein vertieftes Basiswissen, das sowohl im Rahmen von Lehrveranstaltungen als auch zur Prüfungsvorbereitung unentbehrlich ist. Hierzu tragen auch Reflexionsaufgaben am Ende aller Kapitel bei. Über eine grundlegende Aktualisierung der herangezogenen Forschungs- und Datenlage hinaus bietet die 4. Auflage nun einen systematischen Blick auf die (nicht) staatlichen Akteure, die aufunterschiedlichen Ebenen des Bildungssystems Einfluss nehmen. Darüber hinaus werden Querschnittsthemen (wie Inklusion und Digitalisierung) stärker akzentuiert, die das Bild von Schule prägen.
    Keywords: Bildungswesen ; Erziehungswissenschaft ; Schulentwicklung ; Schulqualität ; Schultheorie ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools
    Language: German
    Format: image/jpeg
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