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  • 1
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    Depth, IntCal20 age, declination, inclination, VGP latitude, VGP longitude, magnetic susceptibility, and relative paleointensity of core SG14 from Lake Suigetsu, Central Japan (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: The varved sediment of Lake Suigetsu is one of the most precisely age-controlled sedimentary archives in the world, with annual layers (varves) counted by dual methods as well as 〉 800 radiocarbon dates. The dataset has been used as a central component of the IntCal20 radiocarbon calibration model. In addition, the sedimentation rate around 40 kyr BP is quite high (90‒100 cm/kyr). From the core SG14 of the sediment, we have obtained a high (21-yr) resolution paleomagnetic record from 45 to 35 IntCal20 kyr BP. The record includes the Laschamp Excursion and a new post-Laschamp (Suigetsu) excursion. The mid-ages and varve-counted durations are 42,050 ± 120 IntCal20 yr BP and 790 yr for the Laschamp Excursion, and 38,830 ± 140 IntCal20 yr BP and 550 yr for the post-Laschamp (Suigetsu) excursion, respectively. These excursions coincide with the double minima of paleointensity and maxima of Δ14C.
    Keywords: IntCal20 age; Lake Suigetsu; Laschamp Excursion; paleointensity; paleomagnetic direction
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 2
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    Paleomagnetic direction of sediment core SG14 from Lake Suigetsu, Central Japan (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: AGE; Age, error; Age model, IntCal 20, version 2020-09-25; Correlation model, version 2020-04-06; Declination; Depth, error; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Inclination; IntCal20 age; Lake Suigetsu; Lake Suigetsu, Honshu, Japan; Laschamp Excursion; Maximum angular deviation; Number; paleointensity; paleomagnetic direction; PC-hp; Piston corer, hydro-pressure thin-walled; SG14; Temperature, technical; Virtual geomagnetic pole latitude; Virtual geomagnetic pole longitude
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1000 data points
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  • 3
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    Relative paleointensity of sediment core SG14 from Lake Suigetsu, Central Japan (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: AGE; Age, error; Age model, IntCal 20, version 2020-09-25; Correlation model, version 2020-04-06; Depth, error; DEPTH, sediment/rock; IntCal20 age; Lake Suigetsu; Lake Suigetsu, Honshu, Japan; Laschamp Excursion; Magnetic susceptibility; Number; paleointensity; Paleointensity, normalized; Paleointensity, relative; paleomagnetic direction; PC-hp; Piston corer, hydro-pressure thin-walled; SG14
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 958 data points
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  • 4
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    First integrated tephrochronological record for the last ∼190 kyr from the Fucino Quaternary lacustrine succession, central Italy (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: We present the first integrated tephrochronological study (major and trace elemental glass composition, Sr and Nd isotope analyses, and 40Ar/39Ar dating) for the last one tenth (∼82 m) of the ∼900 m-thick Quaternary lacustrine succession of the Fucino Basin, the largest and probably only Central Apennine intermountain tectonic depression that hosts a continuous lacustrine succession documenting the Plio-Quaternary sedimentary history up to historical times. Major element glass compositions, determined using a wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe (WDS-EMPA), yielded the geochemical fingerprinting needed for a reliable identification of most of the 23 stratigraphically ordered tephra layers under investigation. These include tephra from Italian volcanoes such as Campi Flegrei, Etna, Colli Albani, Ischia, Vico, Sabatini, and undefined volcanic sources in the Neapolitan area and Latium region. The recognition of key Mediterranean marker tephra layers (e.g. X-5 and X-6) is supported by trace element data acquired by Laser Ablation Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The Sr and Nd isotope compositions of selected layers where also determined for circumscribing the volcanic source of distal tephra and for supporting correlations with individual eruptive units. We also propose a new, more expeditious covariation diagram (CaO/FeOtot vs Cl) for identifying the volcanic source of trachytic to phonolitic and tephrytic to phonolitic tephra, that are the most common compositions of pyroclastic rocks from volcanoes of Campania and Latium regions. Finally, we present five new 40Ar/39Ar age determinations, including a new, analytically well-supported, and more precise 40Ar/39Ar age for the widespread Y-7 tephra, and the first 40Ar/39Ar age determinations for one tephra from the Sabatini volcanic district (∼126 ka) and one tephra from Neapolitan volcanic area (Campi Flegrei?; ∼159 ka). These newly dated tephra are widely dispersed (e.g. Monticchio, southern Italy, Adriatic Sea and Lake Ohrid, Macedonia-Abania) and have thus the potential to become important Mediterranean MIS 5 and MIS 6 tephrochronological markers. Altogether the new geochemical data and 40Ar/39Ar ages precisely constrain the chronology of the investigated Fucino succession spanning the last ∼190 ka. In light of these results and by considering that this sedimentary succession possibly extends back to ∼2 Ma, Fucino is likely to provide a very long, continuous tephrostratigraphic record for the Mediterranean area and become a key node in the dense network of tephra correlations of this region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 211-234
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 5A. Paleoclima e ricerche polari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Tephra dispersal during the Campanian Ignimbrite (Italy) eruption: implications for ultra-distal ash transport during the large caldera-forming eruption (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: The Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dispersed ash over much of the central eastern Mediterranean Sea and eastern Europe. The eruption started with a Plinian phase that was followed by a series of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) associated with the collapse of the Plinian column and the caldera. The glass compositions of the deposits span a wide geochemical range, but the Plinian fallout and PDCs associated with column collapse, the Lower Pumice Flow, only erupted the most evolved compositions. The later PDCs, the Breccia Museo and Upper Pumice Flow, erupted during and after caldera collapse, tap a less evolved component, and intermediate compositions that represent mixing between the end-members. The range of glass compositions in the Campanian Ignimbrite deposits from sites across the central and eastern Mediterranean Sea allow us to trace the dispersal of the different phases of this caldera-forming eruption. We map the fallout from the Plinian column and the plumes of fine material associated with the PDCs (co-PDCs) across the entire dispersal area. This cannot be done using the usual grain-size methods as deposits in these distal regions do not retain characteristics that allow attribution to either the Plinian or co- PDC phases. The glass compositions of the tephra at ultradistal sites (〉1500 km from the vent) match those of the uppermost PDC units, suggesting that most of the ultra-distal dispersal was associated with the late co-PDC plume that was generated during caldera collapse.
    Description: Published
    Description: 45
    Description: 3V. Proprietà dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Caldera-forming eruption ; Ash dispersal ; Plinian ; Tephra
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Simultaneous eruptions from multiple vents at Campi Flegrei (Italy) highlight new eruption processes at calderas (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: Volcanic eruptions are typically characterized by the rise and discharge of magma at the surface through a single conduit-vent system. However, in some cases, the rise of magma can be triggered by the activation of eruptive fissures and/or vents located several kilometers apart. Simultaneous eruptions from multiple vents at calderas, not related to caldera collapse (e.g., ring faults), are traditionally regarded as an unusual phenomenon, the only historically reported examples occurring at Rabaul caldera, Papua New Guinea. Multiple venting within a caldera system is inherently difficult to demonstrate, owing partly to the infrequency of such eruptions and to the difficulty of documenting them in time and space. We present the first geological evidence that at 4.3 kyr B.P., the Solfatara and Averno vents, 5.4 km apart, erupted simultaneously in what is now the densely populated Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy). Using tephrostratigraphy and geochemical fingerprinting of tephras, we demonstrate that the eruptions began almost at the same time and alternated with phases of variable intensity and magnitude. The results of this study demonstrate that multi-vent activity at calderas could be more common than previously thought and volcanic hazards could be greater than previously evaluated. More generally we infer that the simultaneous rise of magma and gas along different pathways (multiple decrepitation of chamber[s]) could result in a sudden pressure rise within the sub-caldera magmatic system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 487-490
    Description: 5V. Dinamica dei processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Simultaneous eruptions ; caldera ; multiple vents ; tephrostratigraphy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Geochemical and isotopic insights into the assembly, evolution and disruption of a magmatic plumbing system before and after a cataclysmic caldera-collapse eruption at Ischia volcano (Italy) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: New geochemical and isotopic data on volcanic rocks spanning the period ~75–50 ka BP on Ischia volcano, Italy, shed light on the evolution of the magmatic system before and after the catastrophic, caldera-forming Monte Epomeo Green Tuff (MEGT) eruption. Volcanic ac tivity during this period was influenced by a large, composite and differentiating magmatic system, replenished several times with isotopically distinct magmas of deepprovenance. Chemical and isotopic variations highlight that the pre-MEGT eruptions were fed by trachytic/phonolitic magmas from an isotopically zoned reservoir that were poorly enriched in radiogenic Sr and became progressively less radiogenic with time. Just prior to the MEGT eruption, the magmatic system was recharged by an isotopically distinct magma, relatively more enriched in radiogenic Sr with respect to the previously erupted magmas. This second magma initially fed several SubPlinian explosive eruptions and later supplied the climactic, phonolitic-to-trachytic MEGT eruption(s). Isotopic data, together with erupted volume estimations obtained for MEGT eruption(s), indicate that 〉5–10 km3of this relatively enriched magma had accumulated in the Ischia plumbing system. Geochemical modelling indicates that it accumulated at shallow depths (4–6 km), over a period of ca. 20 ka. After the MEGT eruption, volcanic activity was fed by a new batch of less differentiated (trachyte-latite) magma that was slightly less enriched in radiogenic Sr. The geochemical and Sr–Nd-isotopic variations through time reflect the upward flux of isotopically distinct magma batches, variably contaminated byHercynian crust at 8–12 km depth. The deep-sourced latitic to trachytic magmas stalled at shallow depths (4–6 km depth), differentiated to phonolite through crystal fractionation and assimilation of a feldspar-rich mush, or ascended directly to the surface and erupted.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1035
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ischia volcano ; Magmatic plumbing system ; Radiogenic isotopes ; Geothermometry ; Feldspar assimilation ; Caldera collapse
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Chrono-stratigraphy of the youngest (last 1500 years) rhyolitic eruptions of Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy) and implications for distal tephra correlations (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-06
    Description: The youngest (last 1500 years) volcanic eruptions of Lipari, within the Aeolian Archipelago, produced the prominent pumice cone of Monte Pilato and the obsidian lava flows of Rocche Rosse and Forgia Vecchia, concentrated in the north-eastern sector of the island as well as highly dispersed white-coloured, fine-grained tephra layers of rhyolitic composition in terrestrial and marine settings on the regional scale. Here we describe in detail the stratigraphy of pyroclastic successions and lava flows erupted by different vents - Monte Pilato, Forgia Vecchia, Lami, and Rocche Rosse - combining field observations, sedimentological characteristics of the tephra deposits, and major and trace element compositions of the volcanic glass. All the pyroclastic materials consist of aphyric pumice lapilli and ash with a largely homogeneous rhyolitic composition. The Monte Pilato and Forgia Vecchia deposits primarily consist of highly vesicular pumice fragments and subordinate obsidian clasts, whilst Rocche Rosse and Lami are characterized by moderately vesicular juvenile fragments with a more significant fraction of obsidian. The Lami tephra also contains peculiar pumice clasts with a fibrous texture and breadcrust bombs. Stratigraphic relationships, and paleomagnetic and 14C ages of the lava and pyroclastic deposits are combined with the archaeological information and historical reports, enabling us to provide an accurate chrono-stratigraphic framework for the youngest eruptions of Lipari. Following the 8th century CE eruption of Monte Pilato, which produced a pumice cone and a obsidian lava flow, activity resumed in the second half of 13th century CE with the explosive eruption of Forgia Vecchia that culminated in the emission of a bilobate obsidian lava flow. This eruption was shortly followed by the explosive eruptions of Lami and Rocche Rosse, the latter concluded with the emission of the widely renowned obsidian lava flow. By integrating stratigraphy and geochemistry of tephra deposits with a new chronological scheme, our work facilitates the refinement of proximal-to-distal correlation of Lipari's rhyolitic tephra in continental marine environments of the central Mediterranean area in the last 1500 years. A fine-grained, rhyolitic ash found on Stromboli (~40 km NE from Lipari) has an origin from the Monte Pilato and thus, constrains tephra dispersion towards the NE. Very similar ash beds dispersed southwards and interlayered within the near-source deposits of La Fossa, Vulcano island (~10 km from Lipari) exhibit features that are consistent with the younger activities of the Rocche Rosse eruption. A possible link between previously identified rhyolitic ash layers identified in marine cores of the Ionian Sea and the Forgia Vecchia eruption are postulated, although the age and textural characteristics of these distal tephra are not univocal in indicating a correlation to either Monte Pilato or Forgia Vecchia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107397
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Evidence for a large-magnitude Holocene eruption of Mount Rittmann (Antarctica): A volcanological reconstruction using the marine tephra record (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: In Antarctica, the near-source exposures of volcanic eruption deposits are often limited as they are not well preserved in the dynamic glacial environment, thus making volcanological reconstructions of explosive eruptions extremely challenging. Fortunately, pyroclastic deposits from explosive eruptions are preserved in Southern Ocean sediments surrounding Antarctica, and the tephrostratigraphy of these sequences offers crucial volcanological information including the timing and tempo of past eruptions, their magnitude, and eruption dynamics. Here we report the results of a tephrostratigraphy and tephrochronology study focused on four sediment cores recovered from the Wood Bay area in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica. In all these sedimentary sequences, we found a well-stratified primary tephra of considerable thickness, up to 80 cm, hereafter named the Aviator Tephra (AVT). According to the characteristics of the tephra deposit and its distribution, the AVT was associated with an eruption of considerable intensity, potentially representing one of the largest Holocene eruptions recorded in Antarctica. Based on the major and trace element geochemistry and the mineral assemblage of the tephra, Mount Rittmann was identified as the source of the AVT. A Holocene age of ∼11 ka was determined by radiocarbon dating organic material within the sediments and 40Ar-39Ar dating of alkali-feldspar crystals included in the tephra. Eruption dynamics were initially dominated by hydromagmatic magma fragmentation conditions producing a sustained, relatively wet and ash-rich eruptive cloud. The eruption then evolved into a highly energetic, relatively dry magmatic Plinian eruption. The last phase was characterized by renewed efficient magma-water interaction and/or collapse of the eruptive column producing pyroclastic density currents and associated co-ignimbritic plumes. The distal tephra deposits might be linked to the widespread lag breccia layer previously identified on the rim of the Mount Rittmann caldera which share the same geochemical composition. Diatoms found in the sediments surrounding the AVT and the primary characteristics of the tephra indicate that the Wood Bay area was open sea at the time of the eruption, which is much earlier than previously thought. AVT is also an excellent tephrostratigraphic marker for the Wood Bay area, in the Ross Sea, and a useful marker for future synchronization of continental ice and marine archives in the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106629
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Mediterranean tephrostratigraphy and peri-Tyrrhenian explosive activity revaluated in light of the 430-365 ka record from Fucino Basin (central Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-21
    Description: Accurately reconstructing the scale and timing of dynamic processes, such as Middle-Late Pleistocene explosive volcanism and rapid climatic changes, requires rigorous and independent chronological constraints. In this framework, the study of distal volcanic ash layers, or tephra, transported and deposited over wide regions during explosive volcanic eruptions, is increasingly being recognised as a fundamental chronostratigraphic tool for addressing these challenging issues. Here we present a high-resolution distal tephra record preserved in the lacustrine sedimentary succession of the Fucino Basin, central Italy. The investigated record spans the 430-365 ka time interval, covering the entirety of Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11), and provides important insights into peri-Tyrrhenian potassic explosive volcanism from sources located in central Italy against a backdrop of Mediterranean palaeooclimate records. The succession of ash fall events of this time interval is reconstructed through a detailed lithostratigraphic, geochemical and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological characterization of the deposits preserved as discrete layers in the Fucino F4-F5 sediment core. This work is complemented by similarly detailed characterization of selected proximal pyroclastic units from the peri-Tyrrhenian potassic volcanoes. Geochemical fingerprinting of the tephra deposits by means of their major, minor and trace elements and Sr isotope composition indicates that all the thirty-two investigated ash layers derived from the peri-Tyrrhenian potassic volcanoes. The stratigraphically continuous succession of the Fucino tephra layers allowed the development of a fully independent, 40Ar/39Ar age-constrained, Bayesian age-depth model for the investigated time interval. The age-model allows us to establish modelled ages for the tephra layers within the succession that are not directly dated. The resulting dated tephra record clearly reveals a highly time resolved and previously unparalelled chronicle of explosive activity from the Vulsini, Vico, Sabatini, Colli Albani and Roccamonfina volcanic complexes. Our study provides a benchmark and valuable geochemical and geochronological dataset to be used as a reference for any future development and application of the tephrostratigraphic methods across the central Mediterranean area both during the investigated 430-365 ka time interval, and deeper in time. This contribution underlines the importance of integrating proximal and distal sedimentary records to more accurately establish long-term and comprehensive volcanic eruption records.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103706
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Peri-Tyrrhenian explosive volcanism Mediterranean ; tephrochronology Marine ; tephrochronology Marine Isotope Stage 11
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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