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  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • 2020-2022  (52)
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  • 1
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    Genetic improvement of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in India. Phase two: annual report for period January to December 2012 (2021)
    WorldFish | Bhubaneswar, India
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12749 | 115 | 2013-12-03 13:46:30 | 12749 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii is one of the widely cultured freshwater prawn species globally. India was the third largest producer of this species in 2007 and its aquaculture production rose to 43,000 metric tons (t) in 2005 froin less than 500 t in 1995. However, since then production has been declining and in 2008-09 it was 12,856 t, a reduction of more than 70% compared to 2005. There are several contributing factors to this decline, such as slow growth rate, poor survival, disease outbreaks, increase in cost of production, and availability of low risk alternative fish species. However, there is a consensus that poor seed quality leading to unsatisfactory growth and survival rates in ponds is one of the major reasons. Hence, the development of a systematic selective breeding program aimed at improving growth rate and ensuring high survival rate of this species was deemed a high priority. The Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA), Bhubaneswar, India in collaboration with the WorldFish Center, Malaysia initiated a selective breeding program for this species in 2007.
    Description: CIFA - WorldFish Project on Genetic Improvement of Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in India (Phase Two)
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Prawn culture ; Genetics ; Seed production ; Selective breeding ; Freshwater aquaculture ; India •Livestock and Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 10
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  • 2
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    Strain comparisons in aquaculture species: a manual (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10991 | 115 | 2013-03-17 12:38:07 | 10991 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: When different strains or breeds of a particular species are available, the best choice is seldom immediately obvious for producers. Scientists are also interested in the relative performance of different strains because it provides a basis for recommendations to producers and it often stimulates the conduct of work aimed at unraveling the underlying biological mechanisms involved in the expression of such differences. Hence, strain or breed comparisons of some sort are frequently conducted. This manual is designed to provide general guidelines for the design of strain comparison trials in aquaculture species. Example analyzes are provided using SAS and SPSS. The manual is intended to serve a wide range of readers from developing countries with limited access to information. The users, however, are expected to have a basic knowledge of quantitative genetics and experience in statistical methods and data analysis as well as familiarity with computer software. The manual mainly focuses on the practical aspects of design and data analysis, and interpretation of results.
    Description: CGIAR Research Program Livestock & Fish
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Aquaculture ; Genetics ; Selective breeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 31
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  • 3
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    Considerations about effective dissemination of improved fish strains (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10632 | 115 | 2013-07-12 04:44:53 | 10632 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Aquaculture production systems in developing countries are largely based on the use of unimproved species and strains. As knowledge and experience are accumulated in relation to the management, feeding and animal health issues of such production systems, the availability of genetically more productive stock becomes imperative in order to more effectively use resources. For instance, there is little point in providing ideal water conditions and optimum feed quality to fish that do not have the potential to grow faster and to be harvested on time, providing a product of the desired quality. Refinements in the production system and improvement of the stock used must progress hand in hand. In this paper we deal separately with genetic and non-genetic issues pertaining to the multiplication and dissemination of improved strains. The separation is somewhat arbitrary, and as will be evident from our discussion, there is frequent interaction between the two.
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Aquaculture ; Genetics ; Selective breeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 15
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  • 4
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    The status of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), in southern Scotland: a cause for concern (2021)
    In:  library@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4537 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:17:32 | 4537 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: The objective of this article is to review the populations of Arctic charr in the south of Scotland which have become locally extinct, and the reasons for their demise. In the British Isles, the Arctic charr in individual lakes have been isolated from each other for thousands of years and have developed a variety of phenotypic characteristics which are probably genetically based. About 200 populations of Arctic charr have been recorded from different parts of the British Isles: approximately 12 in England, 50 in Ireland, 175 in Scotland and four in Wales. The threats to charr from acidification, afforestation, engineering schemes, angling and fish farming are assessed, and the establishment of new populations is proposed as a method of replacing extinct stocks or providing an additional safeguard for valuable stocks in threatened waters.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Pollution ; Limnology ; Acidification ; Angling ; Animal populations ; Distribution records ; Ecosystem management ; Fish culture ; Freshwater fish ; Genetics ; Hydroelectric power plants ; Lakes Phenotypic variations ; Rare species ; Scotland ; Salvelinus alpinus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 212-227
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  • 5
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    Risk analysis in aquaculture: A step-by-step introduction with worked examples (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16659 | 115 | 2015-04-13 11:44:30 | 16659 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This publication is based on materials covered and outputs generated during the Workshop on Risk Assessment Methodologies and Tools for Aquaculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, which was jointly held by WorldFish and FAO in Siavonga, Zambia on 28 June - 2 July 2010. The workshop was delivered as a training exercise to 17 participants from seven sub-Saharan countries and was designed to highlight current methodologies and tools available for environmental risk analysis in aquaculture development. A key focus of the workshop was to encourage participants to consider hypothetical but realistic scenarios and to discuss issues relevant to evaluating the environmental risks of a given activity or scenario. This publication presents selected scenarios from the workshop and the outcomes of the deliberative process as developed by the participants. This publication is factual but not comprehensive, therefore any statements or estimations of risk do not represent the actual risks arising from the described scenario. It is intended to serve as an easily readable introduction to risk analysis, highlighting worked examples that will provide guidance on how a risk analysis may be approached in a similar situation.
    Description: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Genetics ; GIFT ; Livestock and fish ; Training ; Tilapia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 55
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  • 6
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    Perspectives from agriculture: advances in livestock breeding - implications for aquaculture genetics (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9389 | 115 | 2012-10-19 08:53:08 | 9389 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: In this paper we present livestock breeding developments that could be taken into consideration in the genetic improvement of farmed aquaculture species, especially in freshwater fish. Firstly, the current breeding objective in aquatic species has focused almost exclusively on the improvement of body weight at harvest or on growth related traits. This is unlikely to be sufficient to meet the future needs of the aquaculture industry. To meet future demands breeding programs will most likely have to include additional traits, such as fitness related ones (survival, disease resistance), feed efficiency, or flesh quality, rather than only growth performance. In order to select for a multi-trait breeding objective, genetic variation in traits of interest and the genetic relationships among them need to be estimated. In addition, economic values for these traits will be required. Generally, there is a paucity of data on variable and fixed production costs in aquaculture, and this could be a major constraint in the further expansion of the breeding objectives. Secondly, genetic evaluation systems using the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) in a framework of mixed model methodology could be widely adopted to replace the more commonly used method of mass selection based on phenotypic performance. The BLUP method increases the accuracy of selection and also allows the management of inbreeding and estimation of genetic trends. BLUP is an improvement over the classic selection index approach, which was used in the success story of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) in the Philippines, with genetic gains from 10 to 20 per cent per generation of selection. In parallel with BLUP, optimal genetic contribution theory can be applied to maximize genetic gain while constraining inbreeding in the long run in selection programs. Thirdly, by using advanced statistical methods, genetic selection can be carried out not only at the nucleus level but also in lower tiers of the pyramid breeding structure. Large scale across population genetic evaluation through genetic connectedness using cryopreserved sperm enables the comparison and ranking of genetic merit of all animals across populations, countries or years, and thus the genetically superior brood stock can be identified and widely used and exchanged to increase the rate of genetic progress in the population as a whole. It is concluded that sound genetic programs need to be established for aquaculture species. In addition to being very effective, fully pedigreed breeding programs would also enable the exploration of possibilities of integrating molecular markers (e.g., genetic tagging using DNA fingerprinting, marker (gene) assisted selection) and reproductive technologies such as in-vitro fertilization using cryopreserved spermatozoa.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Genetics ; Biotechnology ; Selective breeding ; Freshwater fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 39-45
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  • 7
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    Transgenic fish research (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9520 | 115 | 2012-10-07 15:00:41 | 9520 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The article features two most commonly techniques for gene transfer in fish, microinjection and electroporation.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Transgenic fish ; Gene transfer ; Genetics ; Methodology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 26-28
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  • 8
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    Progress toward a global genealogy of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) strains using mitochondrial nucleotide sequences data (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9538 | 115 | 2012-10-02 19:47:06 | 9538 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: As part of a study of genetic variation in the Vietnamese strains of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using direct DNA sequencing of mitochondrial control and ATPase6/8 gene regions, samples from a number of other countries were analyzed for comparison. Results show that the levels of sequence divergence in common carp is low on a global scale, with the Asian carp having the highest diversity while Koi and European carp are invariant. A genealogical analysis supports a close relationship among Vietnamese, Koi, Chinese Color and, to a lesser extent, European carp. Koi carp appear to have originated from a strain of Chinese red carp. There is considerable scope to extend this research through the analysis of additional samples of carp from around the world, especially from China, in order to generate a comprehensive global genealogy of common carp strains.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Genetics ; DNA ; Cyprinus carpio
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 55-61
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  • 9
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    Aquaculture genetics research and issues in INGA member countries/institutions (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9222 | 115 | 2012-11-29 08:56:11 | 9222 | WorldFish Center
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The information presented here is extracted from the presentations and discussions at the Sixth Steering Committee Meeting of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture (INGA) held in Hanoi, Vietnam on 8-10 May 2001. The main topics discussed were: review of genetics research progress and planned activities in member countries and Associate Member institutions; genetics improvement technologies; strategies and action plans for distribution of improved fish breeds to small-scale farmers; ecological risk assessment for genetically improved fish breeds; methods for monitoring the uptake of improved strains and impact assessment; and network activities and collaborations.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Aquaculture ; Genetics ; International cooperation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 61-65
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  • 10
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    From drawing board to dining table: the success story of the GIFT project (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9223 | 115 | 2012-11-29 08:53:53 | 9223 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: As compared to crops and livestock, the genetic enhancement of fish is in its infancy. While significant progress has been achieved in the genetic improvement of temperate fish such as salmonids, no efforts were made until the late 1980s for the genetic improvement of tropical finfish, which account for about 90 percent of global aquaculture production. This paper traces the history of the Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) project initiated in 1988 by the WorldFish Center and its partners for the development of methods for genetic enhancement of tropical finfish using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a test species. It also describes the impacts of the project on the adoption of these methods for other species and the dissemination of improved breeds in several countries in Asia and the Pacific.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; GIFT ; Tilapia culture ; WorldFish Center ; Genetics ; Oreochromis Niloticus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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  • 11
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    Genetic enhancement and conservation of aquatic biodiversity in Africa (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9221 | 115 | 2012-11-29 08:46:37 | 9221 | WorldFish Center
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: There is a pressing need to enhance fish production in Africa through improved farm management and the use of improved fish breeds and/or alien species in aquaculture while at the same time conserve the aquatic genetic diversity. This paper presents the outcome of the Expert Consultation on Biosafety and Environmental Impact of Genetic Enhancement and Introduction of Improved Tilapia Strains/Alien Species in Africa held in Nairobi, Kenya on 20-23 February 2002. The main topics discussed were status of aquaculture in Africa and the role of genetic enhancement; potential benefits and risks involved in introduction of genetically improved strains and/or alien species with specific reference to tilapias; existing policies and legislation for the conservation of biodiversity, their strengths and weaknesses; capacity for undertaking genetic enhancement research and implementation of policies for the conservation of aquatic biodiversity.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Biodiversity ; Genetics ; Aquaculture development ; Resource conservation ; Biotechnology ; Africa
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 48-49
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  • 12
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    The genetic characteristics of cephalic abnormality and its aquaculture implication in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos, Nigeria
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23241 | 19325 | 2018-03-18 15:26:11 | 23241 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Cephalic abnormality in nine mating groups involving Clarias gariepinus with cephalic abnormality, non Cephalic and Maiduguri origin were investigated to determine the level and the genetic basis of the occurrences and its aquaculture implication. The highest mean percentage survival in a Cephalic crossed with non cephalic group was 68.6% whereas the last mean percentage survival was 25.7% in the group of Maiduguri cross with Maiduguri parent. Cephalic abnormality was observed in the crosses with both female and male cephalic with a total frequency ranging from 0 % to 70.8. %. The least number of cephalic abnormality was 18.5% which involved a cross of non cephalic with cephalic, and the highest was 70.8%. This level of cephalic abnormality shows that the defect was hereditary. This result implies that, the genetic factor is a major contributor in the feature of cephalic abnormality in Clarias gariepinus.
    Description: Includes:-1 table.;3 appendixes.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Diseases ; Deformation ; Fish culture ; Genetics ; Abnormalities ; Genetic abnormalities
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 199 - 208
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  • 13
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    Genetic improvement of tilapia: challenges and prospects in Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23373 | 19325 | 2018-04-10 16:09:38 | 23373 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The contribution of tilapia aquaculture in Nigeria to world output is negligible due to stunting, poor market value among others. This paper evaluates the aquacultural credentials of tilapia, some genetic improvement technology in cultured tilapia, namely, ploidy, hormonal sex reversal. transgenic, hybridization, and the necessity of Genetic Improvement in accelerating tilapia production in Nigeria. Investigation reveals the presence of O. niloticus with the highest growth perfermancc index (~h1=3.11) for Lake Kanji which indicates high growth potential in suitable culture environment and could serve as a good starting point for genetic development. The presence of ”wesafu”, an ecotype cichlid, endemic to Epe lagoon, Lagos, which grows to 1500g in the wild, appears to be an excellent candidate for genetic improvement of a commercial strain for the growing aquaculture industry. Tilapia Genetic improvement in Nigeria is faced with a number of setbacks. This includes short- term, scattered and disjointed funding, inadequate genetic research facilities, ecological risk, inadequate skilled manpower and poor documentation of tilapia genetic resources among others. Considering the growing importance of tilapia culture, the need to document, conserve, evaluate and utilize tilapia genetic resources is highlighted to enhance the success of food security in Nigeria.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;26 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Kainji L. ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Genetics ; Selective breeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 14
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    Karyotype analysis of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) in Fars Province (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23657 | 18721 | 2018-07-15 07:24:27 | 23657 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The number of chromosome and karyotype of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) was determined by the conventional preparation and Gimsa staining technique, using gill epithelia and kidney cells. In this investigation, 5 specimens of G. rufa were used which collected from Rodbal River, Firouzabad, Fars Province. Based on 30 chromosome spreads counts, the chromosome number was found to be 2n=50 with arm number NF=84. By using the ratio of long arm to short arm, the karyotype formula of 10 metacentric, 24 sub-metacentric and 16 sub-telocentric (10M +24SM +16St) was obtained.
    Keywords: Biology ; Genetics ; Chromosomes ; Freshwater ; Light microscopy ; Karyotypes ; Garra rufa ; Fars Province ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 11-18
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  • 15
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    Introducing molecular markers for Lernaea cyprinacea and Lernaea ctenopharyngodoni using RAPD technique (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23658 | 18721 | 2018-07-15 07:37:24 | 23658 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Molecular comparison of two parasites Lernaea cyprinacea and Lernaea ctenopharyngodoni was carried out using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique. A total of 43 Lernaea specimens belonging to the two species were collected from the Guilan and Khouzestan Provinces. DNA was extracted using the Phenol-chloroform method. The quality and quantity of DNA was assessed using 1% Agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted on the target DNA under specific conditions and PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels (6%). Polyacrylamide gels were stained using silver nitrate and DNA bands were analyzed with BioCapt software. The genetic analysis was conducted using POP GEN 32 software. Forty two primers, 10 nucleotides each were used for PCR reaction. Totally, 397 RAPD loci were counted on polyacrylamide gel where 349 identical loci were polymorphic of which some bands may be used as genetic markers for the identification of both Lernaea species. Data analysis on PCR products showed higher genetic variation (1.15%) of L. ctenopharyngodon in the Guilan Province as compared to that of the Khouzestan (0.0%). However, genetic variation (27.46%) of L. cyprinacea in the Khouzestan Province was 7.26 times higher than that of the Guilan province (3.78%). The two species showed a genetic differentiation of approximately 88%. Based on the observed molecular differences, we state that L. ctenopharyngodoni is a genetically independent species from L. cyprinacea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Molecular structure ; Genetics ; DNA ; Freshwater ; Parasites ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Primers ; Nucleotides ; Lernaea ctenopharyngodoni ; Lernaea cyprinacea ; Gilan Province ; Khouzestan Province ; Iran
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  • 16
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    Molecular study of the populations of Artemia partenogenetica in Iran using PCR-RFLP Method (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23679 | 18721 | 2018-07-18 06:36:39 | 23679 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Considering the importance of genetic studies to manifest inter population differences in species, samples of Artemia partenogenetica were collected from seven inland lakes including Shoor and Inche-Borun lakes in Golestan Province, Hoze-Soltan and Namak lakes in Qom Province, Maharloo and Bakhteghan lakes in Fars Province and Mighan pool in Markazi Province. A total of 210 samples were subjected to DNA extraction by phenol-chloroform method. Primers were designed on a ribosomal fragment (16SrRNA) of the species' mtDNA sequence and the PCR was conducted on the samples. Digestion of the PCR product with approximately 1584bp lengths by 10 restriction endonuclease (AluI, EcoRI, Eco47I, HaeIII, HindIII, HinfI, MboI, MspI, RsaI, TaqI) showed 12 different haplotypes: 4 haplotypes in Shoor and Inche-Borun, 1 in Namak and Hoze-Soltan, 3 in Mighan pool, 1 in Bakhtegan and Maharloo and 3 in Maharloo. Haplotype diversity values within collected samples varied from zero in Hoze-Soltan, Namak and Bakhteghan samples to 0.7425 in Inche-Borun and Shoor while nucleotide diversity varied from zero in Hoze-Soltan, Namak and Bakhteghan, to 0.0077 in Mighan. The minimum nucleotide diversity among samples was zero between Hoze-Soltan vs. Namak and the maximum was 0.1700 between Inche-Borun and Shoor vs. Mighan. Nucleotide divergences among samples were least in Inche-Borun vs. Shoor (%-0.02) and most in Inche-Borun and Shoor vs. Mighan (%16.18), averaging to %3.40. The evolutionary distances between 12 haplotype showed that the maximum value belonged to Mighan haplotypes vs. Inche-Borun and Shoor haplotypes. Regarding the digestive patterns produced by each enzyme in the studied region, Eco47I is introduced as the population-specific marker of A. partenogenetica in Iran. Test of population differentiation based on haplotype frequencies were statistically significant (P≤0.001) with the exception of Hoze-Soltan vs. Namak and Inche-Borun vs. Shoor. We conclude that there are enough evidences in haplotypic level for dividing A. partenogenetica in Iran into five populations: Hoze-Soltan and Namak, Mighan, Maharloo, Bakhtegan, Incheh-Borun and Shoor.
    Keywords: Biology ; Population Genetics ; Genetics ; DNA ; Enzymes ; Marine ; RNA ; Nucleotide sequence ; Primers ; Nucleotides ; Artemia partenogenetica ; ISW ; Iran
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  • 17
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    The status of fish genetics and breeding towards sustainable aquaculture in Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24202 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 15:26:01 | 24202 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This paper, fish genetics and breeding in Nigeria addresses the application of genetics and breeding to fish farming with the view to enhanced aquaculture production in Nigeria. This production technique is not limited to the use of conventional breeding programs nor is it necessary to go through the basic developmental steps of selection and isolation that lead to the domestication and diversification of livestock and crops over thousands of years. With modern molecular genetic techniques and induced breeding, it is now possible to develop and create new fish species .
    Description: Includes: 12 references
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Nigeria ; Delta State ; freshwater environment ; Genetics ; Sustainability ; Induced breeding ; Biotechnology ; Seed (aquaculture) ; Aquaculture techniques ; Fish culture
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  • 18
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    Biotechnology research at SEAFDEC/AQD (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19972 | 2002 | 2016-02-26 15:20:49 | 19972 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Philippines ; Aquaculture development ; Algology ; Biotechnology ; Endocrinology ; Feed ; Genetics ; Laboratories ; Microbiology ; Research institutions ; Research programmes
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  • 19
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    How to operate tilapia hatcheries (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20061 | 2002 | 2016-03-03 11:29:52 | 20061 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Oreochromis ; freshwater environment ; Biotechnology ; Breeding ; Breeding ponds ; Brood stocks ; Cage culture ; Culture tanks ; Fish culture ; Fry ; Genetics ; Hatcheries ; Hormones ; Hybridization ; Pond culture ; Seed (aquaculture) ; Seed production ; Sex characters ; Sex determination ; Sex reversal
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  • 20
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    Genetic analysis of six sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) populations - recommendations for the plan of restitution in the Dniester River (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22805 | 18721 | 2018-05-23 21:20:45 | 22805 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: The aim of the present study was the genetic analysis of the Dniester population of sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and comparison of it to five other sterlet populations, in order to develop a population recovery plan. The genetic analysis of six sterlet populations from Eurasian rivers (Dniester, Dnieper, Danube, Volga, Kama and Ob) was carried out using microsatellite DNA markers. The genetic variation and genetic distance between studied populations were evaluated. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between the analyzed populations through the pairwise genetic differentiation index (Fst) test. The DA measure of genetic distance between pairs of populations indicated that the shortest genetic distance (in relation to the Dniester population) was between the Dniester and the Dnieper populations (0.184). The results obtained represent a starting point of sterlet conservation program in Dniester River.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Conservation ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Aquaculture ; Genetic analysis ; Microsatellite DNA ; Restitution ; Genetics ; Dniester river ; Dnieper river ; Danube river ; Volga river ; Kama river ; Poland ; populations
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  • 21
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    Application of AFLP molecular marker for genetic analysis of black pomfret Parastromateus niger from the Persian Gulf (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22822 | 18721 | 2018-05-24 22:49:02 | 22822 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Black pomfret Parastromateus niger is a commercially important fishery resource in the Persian Gulf but harvesting its stocks lacks genetic identification of populations. AFLP technique was applied to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of 32 fish from coastal waters of Bandar Abbas, Bushehr and Abadan with 7 EcoRI/MseI primer pair combinations. In total, 381 bands were produced of which, 46 were polymorphic (12.07%). Percentage of polymorphic bands was higher in Bushehr samples (91.30%) than in Abadan (84.78%) and Bandar Abbas (73.91%) samples. The highest level of heterozygosity based on Nei’s coefficient and Shannon’s index was observed in Bushehr fish (0.38±0.16 and 0.54±0.21). Observed and effective alleles ranged from 1.73±0.44 and 1.53±0.40 in Bandar Abbas samples to 1.91±0.28 and 1.70±0.34 in Bushehr samples. The average Fst was 0.19 indicating high genetic differentiation among the three locations. Gene flow with mean of 1.93 was the lowest level between Bandar Abbas and Abadan (1.24). Nei's genetic identity revealed the least genetic similarity between the samples of Bandar Abbas and Abadan (0.77). AMOVA analysis demonstrated 81% of the genetic variation within populations and 19% among populations. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered all 32 individuals into 3 groups. In some cases individuals from the same region were grouped together but in most cases, gene exchange was observed to be common among the groups. Analyses provided evidence for genetic differentiation among the three locations, indicating separate populations of black pomfret in the northern Persian Gulf.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Black pomfret ; Parastromateus niger ; AFLP molecular markers ; Population structure ; Genetics ; Bandar Abbas ; Bushehr ; Abadan ; Persian Gulf ; Iran
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  • 22
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    Assessing genetic diversity of populations of bartail flathead (Platycephalus indicus Linnaeus, 1758) in the northern part of the Persian Gulf using AFLP markers (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22827 | 18721 | 2018-05-25 18:20:17 | 22827 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Genetic diversity of six populations of bartail flathead (Platycephalus indicus Linnaeus, 1758) was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 118 reproducible bands amplified with ten AFLP primer combinations were obtained from 42 fishes that were collected from six different locations in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 57.06%. Nei’s genetic diversity was 0.1808±0.2074 - 0.2164±0.1903, and Shannon’s index was 0.2675±0.2949 - 0.3280±0.2727. The results of AMOVA analysis indicated that 66% and 34% of the genetic variation occurred within and among the populations and gene flow was 0.6454. The estimated level of population differentiation as measured by average Fst value across all loci was 0.327. Analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation with low gene flow among the six locations, indicating at least six separate populations of bartail flathead in the northern part of the Persian Gulf.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Management ; Genetic diversity ; Bartail flathead ; Platycephalus indicus ; AFLP ; Persian Gulf ; Genetics ; Iran
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  • 23
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    Molecular characterization of apolipoprotein A-I from the skin mucosa of Cyprinus carpio (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23075 | 18721 | 2018-06-17 19:08:44 | 23075 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Apolipoprotein A-I is the most abundant protein in Cyprinus carpio plasma that plays an important role in lipid transport and protection of the skin by means of its antimicrobial activity. A 527 bp cDNA fragment encoding C terminus part of apoA-I from the skin mucosa of common carp was isolated using RT-PCR. After GenBank database searching, a partial sequence containing a coding sequence (CDS) relating to this gene was found. Overlapping of the cDNA fragment with this CDS allowed us to obtain the full-length sequence including non-coding regions. This sequence has 1170 bp including a polyA tail of 18 bp plus 45 and 354 bp at the 3'- and 5'-untranslated regions, respectively. The complete sequence contained an open reading frame of 256 amino containing 5 amino acid propeptides with a predicted molecular mass of 29.967 kDa and theoretical pI of 6.13. The signal peptide of common carp apoA-I was predicted to have the most likely cleavage site between amino acid positions 17 and 18. Domain analysis of common carp apoA-I showed the conserved domain of Apolipoprotein A1/A4/E between amino acid resides 67 to 251. The similarity search indicated that common carp apoA-I matched apoA protein from the group of fish with 45-77% similarity, but showed relatively low levels of similarity to its mammalian counterparts (20-28%). It was shown that the secondary structure of C. carpio apoA-I consisted of a-helical predominantly amphipathic in nature and was characterized by the presence of thirteen conserved repeats.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Epidermal mucus ; Full-length sequence ; Genetics ; Iran
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  • 24
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    The induction of triploidy by cold shock in African giant catfish Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822 (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24085 | 19325 | 2018-05-12 14:21:06 | 24085 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Application of genetic manipulation techniques on cultured fish have been employed in developed economies to increase food fish yield. In this study, a simple and safe biotechnology genetic manipulation technique was applied to produce triploid African giant catfish (Clarias gariepiirus Burchell 1822) larvae .Eggs numbering 100~c10 in quadruplicates from C. gariepinus were activated by milt from the same species and were subsequently transferred to a thermoregulated refrigerator maintained at 2degreesC for 20 min to suppress cell division, starting at 4 min after activation. Haploid larvae were produced by activating eggs with UV irradiated milt at 30000 uWcm-2 for 15 min. Fertility, hatchability and survival after one week for triploids were 82.5%, 69.8% and 61.3% against haploid and diploid controls, 100%, 15%, 0% and 100%,93%, 91 % (p 〈 0.05) respectively. Ploidy levels of the embryos cytogenetically were evaluated in day-old posthatched embryos incubated in 0.02% colchicine for 2-4 h. Head and yolk sac were discarded in 0.9% NaCl while remaining fragments were later treated with hypotonic solutions of distilled water for 5 min, and subsequently with diluted catfish serum 1: 4 for 25 min. Cells were fixed with 1:3 acetic acid ethanol mixture. Slide with the chromosome spreads were then stained with 20% Giemsa in phosphate buffered solution. Chromosome numbers obtained were 28~c2, 56~c2, and 75~c2 for haploid control, diploid control and triploid treatments respectively. Using a simple biotechnology technique as above, triploid C. gariepinus larvae were produced in the present study. The potential application on food fish security of triploid catfish in aquaculture especially in Nigeria is discussed.
    Description: Includes: 1 table and 1 plate.;Also includes: 20 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Biotechnology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Chromosomes ; Aquaculture ; freshwater environment ; Genetics ; Cultured organisms ; Food fish ; Yield ; Biotechnology ; Fertility ; Hatching ; Sustainable development ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture development ; Appropriate technology
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  • 25
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    Microsatellite DNA markers for analysis of genetic population structure of stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771) in the North (Volga and Ural Rivers) and South Caspian Sea (Sefidrud and Gorganrud Rivers) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22902 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 00:55:28 | 22902 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: This study represents a large-scale population genetic analysis of the stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus, in the Caspian Sea. In total, 192 samples of adult stellate sturgeon were collected from four commercial catch stations in the Northern (Volga and Ural Rivers) and Southern Caspian Sea (estuary of Sefidrud and Gorganrod Rivers-Iran). Fifteen sets of microsatellite primers developed from lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) were tested on genomic DNA. Ten primer sets (LS-19, 34, 54, 68, Spl-105, 104, 163, 170, 173, 113) revealing polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation found in adults of the stellate sturgeon populations. Analyses revealed that the average number of alleles per locus was 13.05 (range 8 to 18 alleles per locus in regions, Ne=7.86). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.665 and 0.862, respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were seen in most cases. Average of Fis, Fit and Nm were 0.230, 0.261 and 7.498, respectively. Pairwise Population F_ST Values ranged from 0.019 to 0.035. F_ST, R_ST, and gene flow estimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among and regions, indicating that the populations were divergent. The genetic distance between populations indicates that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. These results together with highly significant R_ST of genotypic differences between these pairs of collections support the existence of different genetic populations along the Caspian Sea coast.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Genetic variability ; Genetic differentiation ; Acipenser stellatus ; Microsatellite markers ; Genetics ; Volga River ; Ural River ; Sefidrud River ; Gorganrud River ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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    The ability of marine Bacillus spp. isolated from fish gastrointestinal tract and culture pond sediment to inhibit growth of aquatic pathogenic bacteria (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22904 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 00:58:09 | 22904 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: In this research, antagonistic activity of two Bacillus species isolated from digestive tract of marine fish and culture pond of sea cucumber was studied. The inhibitory activity of Bacillus spp. isolates against some common pathogenic bacteria of fish was assessed using the agar diffusion method. The strain of B. subtilis G024 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. vulnificus, Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus; the isolate of B. amyloliquefaciens N004 inhibited growth in V. anguillarum, V. campbellii, V. vulnificus, V. parahamolyticus, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus sp., B. cereus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of indicator bacteria showed that cell morphologies were strongly affected by the cell-free supernatant of the two Bacillus spp. isolates. It is determined that the culture filtrates contained inhibitors against growth of some pathogenic bacteria with different degrees of inhibition, although none of the culture filtrates could inhibit the growth of V. fluvialis, V. alginolyticus, V. splendidus. Based upon these characteristics, both of the antagonistic Bacillus spp. isolates could be the potential probiotics used in the aquaculture production.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Bacillus ; Antagonistic activity ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Probiotic ; Aquaculture ; Genetics ; China
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    Diversity of eukaryotic plankton of aquaculture ponds with Carassius auratus gibelio, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22971 | 18721 | 2018-06-08 21:26:05 | 22971 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to explore the relationship between eukaryotic plankton community succession and environmental factors in two aquaculture pond models with gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio. The main culture species of pond 1 were gibel carp and grass carp, and the combined density was 46224 fingerling/ha (gibel carp/grass carp/silver carp/bighead carp, 17:4:6:1). The main culture species of pond 2 was gibel carp, and the combined density was 37551 fingerling/ha (gibel carp/silver carp/bighead carp, 52:1:1). Water samples were collected monthly. The results showed that the annual average concentrations of TP and PO_4-P in pond 1 were significantly higher than pond 2 (p〉0.05). The concentration of chlorophyll a (chl a) has no significantly difference between pond 1 and pond 2. DGGE profiles of 18S rRNA gene fragments from the two ponds revealed that the diversity of eukaryotic plankton assemblages was highly variable. 91 bands and 71 bands were detected in pond 1 and pond 2, respectively. The average Shannon–Wiener index of pond 1 was significantly higher than pond 2. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that temperature played a key role in the structure of the eukaryotic plankton community in both ponds, but the nutrient concentration did not affect it. Our results suggest that DGGE method is a cost-effective way to gain insight into seasonal dynamics of eukaryotic plankton communities in culture ponds, and the increase in the number of filter-feeding silver carp and bighead carp could increase the diversity of the eukaryotic plankton community.
    Description: The corresponding author is Dong (not Liu, as shown on title page of article).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Ecology ; 18S rRNA genes ; PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ; CCA ; Eukaryotic plankton community ; Environmental factors ; Genetics ; China
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  • 28
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    Intraspecific hybridization studies in three strains of Clarias gariepinus (2021)
    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23022 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 09:09:30 | 23022 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Intraspecific hybridization studies were carried out in three strains of Clarias gariepinus obtained from three ecological zones in Nigeria: rainforest; (Onitsha strain), Guinea savanna, Kainji strain) and Montanne vegetation, (Jos strain) with the aim of improving the growth performance of the species. Nine genetic mating combinations were generated from the three strains and were successfully induced under controlled hatchery conditions. Indoor and outdoor growth parameters were monitored. The 19 days growth indoors showed significant difference (P〈O.05) in weight gain. Highest weight gain (2.76g) was obtained in Jos parental strain and cross involving female Jos and male Kainji, while the least was recorded in female Kainji and male Onitsha (0.062g). The 50 days outdoor growth performance also showed significant difference between the genetic mating combinations. Maximum weight gain (464.57g) was observed in female Kainji and male Onitsha, while female Jos and male Kainji gave 263.94g weight gain. There was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in length in both indoor and outdoor rearing. Based on this study, the cross-involving female Kainji and male Onitsha is recommended for fingerling production of Clarias gariepinus.
    Description: Includes:- 4 tables.;1 fig.;4 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Hybridization ; Breeding ; Genetics ; Hybrid culture
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    Growth improvement of F1 generation of Clarias gariepinus through selective breeding (2021)
    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Kaduna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23309 | 19325 | 2018-03-30 15:18:56 | 23309 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Selective breeding studies were carried out in four genetic mating combinations of Clarias gariepinus with the aim of improving its growth performance. F2 intraspecific and backcross were produced using the best male and female of the best genetic mating combination in the F generation in crosses of three wild strains of Clara gariepinus. The highest percentage hatchability (75%) was recorded in female Kainji parental and male Kainji F1. and the least (53.67%) in female and Male Kainji Fl. The cross involving female Kainji F1. and Male Kainji Parental had the best survival (49%) indoor and also best (38.67%) outdoor, while the least (37.67%) was recorded in female Kainji parental and Male Kainji F1 and also gave the least (32.67%) outdoor. The female Kainji F1, and male Kainji parental gave the best growth performance (1.61 g) at 19 days indoor rearing, while female and male Kainji parental gave the least (1.50g). At the end of seven months rearing outdoor, the female Kainji parental and male Kainji F1. gave the best growth performance of(222.49g) and the least (180.66) was recorded in female Kainji F1 and male Kainji parental.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;2 figs.;14 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Fish genetics ; fish breeding ; freshwater environment ; Genetics ; Breeding ; Fish culture ; Growth rate ; Hybrid culture ; Hybrids
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    Comparison of diploid and triploid Heterobranchus bidorsalis using Polyacryl Amide Gel Electrophoresis (N-PAGE) (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23409 | 19325 | 2018-04-12 09:02:51 | 23409 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: A comparative analysis on biochemistry and Polyacryl Amide Gel Electrophresis was carried out to determine the genetic diversity of diploid and triploid Heterobranchus bidorsalis. Sixteen samples of diploid and triploid farm-raised (mean weight; 512.6g and mean length; 41.6cm) were collected and the electrophoresis analysis was conducted using 5.5% Polyacryl Amide Gel and serum protein obtained from the blood of the live samples. 0.06% Coomassie blue was used for staining the gel while a mixture of ratio 1:2 of glacial acetic acid, meethanol and distilled water was used for de-staining the gel. The diploid and triploid possessed an equal total number of 23 electrophoretic protein bands. The molecular phylogenetics of both samples revealed low genetic variability. Results of this study will serve as a baseline analysis on the current genetic diversity of H. bidorsalis in Nigeria.
    Description: Includes:- 2 figs.;8 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Nigeria ; Kontagora L. ; freshwater environment ; Genetics ; Diploids ; Experimental culture ; Nutritional requirements ; Fish
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    Survival, growth and feed utilization of the reciprocal hybrids of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffroy, 1809) in concrete tanks (2021)
    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23466 | 19325 | 2018-05-05 12:42:05 | 23466 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: An experiment was conducted to determine the survival rate, fertilization rate, growth performance and feed utilization of the reciprocal hybrids of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis. Two genetic crosses were made: C. gariepinus (male) x H. bidorsalis (female)(Clariabranchus) and H. bidorsalis male x C. gariepinusmale (Heteroclarias. The experiment was divided into two phases; artificial propagation of the fish species using synthetic hormone and rearing the fry for 14 days; and rearing the 14 days old fry for 35 days. In the first phase of the experiment, survival of frys were estimated in each experimental unit (genetic cross) while in the second phase, growth and nutrient utilization were investigated. The result revealed that the highest %fertilization, hatching rate and %survival occurred in H. bidorsalisfemale x C. gariepinus male (Heteroclarias) and the differences were significant (p 〈 0.05). Percentage weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher in Clariabranchus than Heteroclarias. Based on the result of this study, reciprocal hybrids of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus, bidorsalis is recommended for commercial aquacultural practices.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;13 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Heteroclarias ; Nigeria ; Lagos ; freshwater environment ; Survival ; Growth rate ; Feed efficiency ; Genetics ; Fish culture
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    Introducing genetic markers for identification and separation of 4 species of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea fishes using PCR- RFLP method (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23674 | 18721 | 2018-07-17 03:28:56 | 23674 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: In order to introduce genetic markers of four species of fishes, 80 samples of each species, i.e. Parastromateus niger, Scomberomorus comersoniannus, Trachionotus mookalee and Caranx para were collected. DNA was extracted using phenol- chloroform method. The target gene (cytochrome b) was amplified by Thermal cycle (PCR) and the PCR product size estimated 1105 bp. In this research out of 27 DNAase enzymes which were used for PCR product enzyme digesting 8 enzymes (Bam HI, Alw 261, Rsa I, Mbo I, Alu I, Hinf I, Dpn I, Dde I) have cut side on target DNA and three enzymes of them Alu I, Hinf I and Mbo I showed polymorphism genetic differences while other enzymes displayed similar patterns. Variation of haplotypes from four species are as follows: BAA for P. niger, AAB for T. mookalee, ABA for C. para, and ACA for S. comersonianus. So it is possible to claim that each of the above Haplotypes may be used as genetic markers for each of the species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Genetics ; DNA ; Enzymes ; Biomarkers ; Identification ; Phenotypes ; Chloroform ; Haplotypes ; Gene polymorphism ; Genetic markers ; Caranx ; Marine ; Separation ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Phenotypic variations ; Cytochrome b ; DDE ; Trachionotus mookalee ; Parastromateus niger ; Caranx para ; Carangidae ; Scomberomorus comersoniannus ; Scomberomorus ; ISW ; Arabian Sea ; Oman Gulf ISW ; Persian Gulf ; Iran
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    Investigation of population genetic structure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the south Caspian Sea using mtDNA method (PCR-RFLP) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23718 | 18721 | 2018-07-20 08:32:13 | 23718 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The population genetic structure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was examined on 260 specimens from Tajan and Gorgan Rivers, Gorgan Gulf, Anzali Lagoon and other regions in east, middle and west of south Caspian Sea. DNA was extracted from fin tissue by phenol-chlorophorm method with a concentration of 50-100 nanograms. PCR was performed using ND-3/4 and ND-5/6 genes. The PCR products of samples were digested by 15 restriction endonuclease enzymes. The digested products accompanied with standard marker (50 pb). To measure fragment size, samples were run on a 6% vertical poyacrylamide gel. The fragments were visualized by silver staining of the polyacrylamide gel. Statistical analysis of data was performed by Reap software. We detected 14 and 12 different haplotypes in ND-3/4 and ND-5/6 genes of common carp. The mean values of haplotype diversity among populations were 0.59 and 0.48 and the average nucleotide diversity was 0.06 and 0.03 for ND3/4 and ND5/6 genes. Also, the mean values of nucleotide divergence among populations were 0.05% and 0.02%, respectively. The haplotype distribution was not significantly different between Mazandaran and Guilan coasts, Mazandaran and Golestan coasts, Golestan coast and Gorgan Gulf and Gorgan River (P〈0.05), but this divergence was significantly different between Guilan region and Anzali Lagoon, Guilan and Golestan coasts, Tajan and Gorgan Rivers (P〈0.05). We found a significant genetic divergence between some of the samples such that three genetic groups of common carp were identified in the southern part of the Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Population genetics ; Genetics ; DNA ; Freshwater fish ; Enzymes ; Lead ; Lagoons ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Coasts ; Nucleotide sequence ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Coastal lagoons ; Nucleotides ; Rivers ; Data processing ; Statistical analysis ; Computer programs ; Software ; Haplotypes ; Endonuclease ; Cyprinus carpio ; Brackish ; Gorgan R. Eurasia ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Anzali Lagoon ; Caspian Sea ISW ; Iran
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    Development of breeding and fingerling production techniques for endangered long-whiskered catfish Sperata aor in captivity (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22752 | 18721 | 2018-05-19 19:20:20 | 22752 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: An experiment was undertaken to develop a suitable seed production technique for Sperata aor in captivity. Naturally produced fry of aor was reared at different densities in nine nursery ponds 0.012 ha in size with an average depth of 0.8 m each. Three stocking densities tested, each of which was triplicated. Fry of aor stocked at 100,000/ha was designated as treatment-1 (T1), 150,000/ha as treatment-2 (T2) and 200,000/ha as treatment-3 (T3). All stocked fry were from the same age group with mean length and weight of 1.78 ± 0.28 cm and 0.24 ± 0.05 g, respectively. Fry in all the treatments were fed with SABINCO nursery feed (32.06% crude protein) for the first 14 days and starter-I (31.53% crude protein) for days 15 to 56. Physico-chemical parameters and plankton population of pond water were within the optimal level being better in T1 than those in T2 and T3. Growth in terms of final weight and length, weight and length gain, specific growth rate, daily growth rate, and survival of fingerlings were significantly higher in T1 followed by T2 and T3. Food conversion rate was significantly lower in T1 than in T2 and T3. Significantly higher number of fingerlings was produced in T3 than those in T2 and T1. Despite this, consistently higher net benefits were achieved from T1 than from T2 and T3. This is the first time report that stocking of 100,000 fry/ha appears to be the most suitable density for rearing of aor fingerlings in nursery ponds.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Sperata aor ; Fry ; Stocking density ; Fingerling ; Growth ; Production ; Genetics ; Malaysia
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    Diagnosis of endosulfan induced DNA damage in rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) using comet assay (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23014 | 18721 | 2018-06-13 22:19:30 | 23014 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Use of different pesticides in the agriculture sector, in order to boost crop yield within a short time period and low labor, has been tremendously increased since the last decade. Pesticide use has elevated crop yield but has produced a number of pronounced problems regarding environmental and health safety. The continuously deteriorating toxicological effects of these pesticides are not only hazardous to humans and land animals but also to economically important aquatic organisms such as fish. One of these extensively used pesticides is an organochlorine insecticide, endosulfan. Experiments conducted in the past have shown the deleterious effects of endosulfan on different aspects of various fish species but its genetic toxicity has not been well studied. The present study was conducted to diagnose the DNA damage induced by endosulfan in peripheral blood erythrocytes of an economically important teleost fish rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) using comet assay. The fish were exposed to three different sub lethal concentrations (1, 1.5 and 2 µg L^-1) of endosulfan for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Rohu showed different extents of DNA damage at different concentrations and time, in terms of genetic damage index (GDI), percentage of damaged cells (% damaged cell) and cumulative tail length (µm) of the comets. Increase in DNA damage was observed to be concentration and time-dependent. The current study revealed the severe genotoxic effects of endosulfan in rohu, Labeo rohita. Therefore its discriminate use should be avoided as it can contribute to the decline of rohu in natural habitats. Also it should be considered as a hazardous threat for human consumption.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Health ; Pollution ; Endosulfan ; DNA damage ; Erythrocyte ; Comet assay ; Rohu ; Genetics ; Pakistan
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    Lessons from the breeding program on common carp in Hungary (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2597 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:45 | 2597 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Common carp is one of the most important cultured freshwater fish species in the world. Its production in freshwater areas is the second largest in Europe after rainbow trout. Common carp production in Europe was 146,845 t in 2004 (FAO Fishstat Plus 2006). Common carp production is concentrated mainly in Central and Eastern Europe. In Hungary, common carp has been traditionally cultured in earthen ponds since the late 19th century, following the sharp drop in catches from natural waters, due to the regulation of main river systems. Different production technologies and unintentional selection methods resulted in a wide variety of this species. Just before the intensification of rearing technology and the exchange of stocking materials among fish farms (early sixties), “landraces” of carp were collected from practically all Hungarian fish farms into a live gene bank at the Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI) at Szarvas (Bakos and Gorda 1995; Bakos and Gorda 2001). In order to provide highly productive hybrids for production purposes starting from 1964, different strains and crosses between Hungarian landraces were created and tested. During the last 40 years, approximately 150 two-, three-, and four-line hybrids were produced. While developing parental lines, methods of individual selection, inbreeding, backcrossing of lines, gynogenesis and sex reversal were used. This breeding program resulted in three outstanding hybrids: “Szarvas 215 mirror” and “Szarvas P31 scaly” for pond production, and “Szarvas P34 scaly” for angling waters. Besides satisfying the needs of industry, the live gene bank helped to conserve the biological diversity of Hungarian carp landraces. Fifteen Hungarian carp landraces are still maintained today in the gene bank. Through exchange programs fifteen foreign carp strains were added to the collection from Central and Eastern Europe, as well as Southeast Asia (Bakos and Gorda 2001). Besides developing the methodology to maintain live specimens in the gene bank, the National Carp Breeding Program has been initiated in cooperation with all the key stakeholders in Hungary, namely the National Association of Fish Producers (HOSZ), the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (OMMI), and the Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI). In addition, methodologies or technologies for broodstock management and carp performance testing have been developed. This National Carp Breeding Program is being implemented successfully since the mid-1990s.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Fish culture ; Brood stocks ; Induced breeding ; Breeding success ; Research programmes
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    Genetic improvement and effective dissemination: keys to prosperous and sustainable aquaculture industries (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2589 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:36 | 2589 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: There is an increasing demand for fish in the world due to a growing population, better economic situation in some sectors, and greater awareness of health issues in relation to food. Since capture fisheries have stagnated, fish farming has become a very fast growing food production system. In this presentation, the author gives an overview of the technologies that are available for genetic improvement of fish, and briefly discuss their merit in the context of a sustainable development. He also discusses the essential prerequisites for effective dissemination of improved stock to farmers. It is concluded that genetic improvement programs based on selective breeding can substantially contribute to sustainable fish production systems. Furthermore, if such genetic improvement programs are followed up with effective dissemination strategies, they can result in a positive impact on farmers' incomes.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Food fish ; Genetic drift
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    Maintaining the "public good" nature of improved fish strains: dissemination of knowledge and materials (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2600 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:51 | 2600 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Many sources of information that discuss currents problems of food security point to the importance of farmed fish as an ideal food source that can be grown by poor farmers, (Asian Development Bank 2004). Furthermore, the development of improved strains of fish suitable for low-input aquaculture such as Tilapia, has demonstrated the feasibility of an approach that combines “cutting edge science” with accessible technology, as a means for improving the nutrition and livelihoods of both the urban poor and poor farmers in developing countries (Mair et al. 2002). However, the use of improved strains of fish as a means of reducing hunger and improving livelihoods has proved to be difficult to sustain, especially as a public good, when external (development) funding sources devoted to this area are minimal1. In addition, the more complicated problem of delivery of an aquaculture system, not just improved fish strains and the technology, can present difficulties and may go explicitly unrecognized (from Sissel Rogne, as cited by Silje Rem 2002). Thus, the involvement of private partners has featured prominently in the strategy for transferring to the public technology related to improved Tilapia strains. Partnering with the private sector in delivery schemes to the poor should take into account both the public goods aspect and the requirement that the traits selected for breeding “improved” strains meet the actual needs of the resource poor farmer. Other dissemination approaches involving the public sector may require a large investment in capacity building. However, the use of public sector institutions as delivery agents encourages the maintaining of the “public good” nature of the products.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Fish culture ; Policies
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    Breeding programs on Atlantic salmon in Norway: lessons learned (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2596 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:43 | 2596 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: An early establishment of selective breeding programs on Atlantic salmon has been crucial for the success of developing efficient and sustainable salmon farming in Norway. A national selective breeding program was initiated by AKVAFORSK at the beginning of the 1970s, by collecting fertilized eggs from more than 40 Norwegian river populations. Several private selective breeding programs were also initiated in the 1970s and 1980s. While these private programs were initiated using individual selection (i.e. massselection) to genetically improve growth, the national program was designed to gradually include all economically important traits in the breeding objective (i.e. growth, age at sexual maturation, disease resistance and quality traits) using a combined family and within-family selection strategy. Independent of which selection strategy and program design used, it is important to secure and maintain a broad genetic variation in the breeding populations to maximize selection response. It has been documented that genetically improved salmon from the national selective breeding program grow twice as fast as wild Atlantic salmon and require 25 per cent less feed, while salmon representing the private breeding programs all show an intermediate growth performance. As a result of efficient dissemination of genetically improved Atlantic salmon, the Norwegian salmon farming industry has reduced its feed costs by more than US$ 230 million per year! The national selective breeding program on Atlantic salmon was commercialized into a breeding company (AquaGen) in 1992. Five years later, several private companies and the AKVAFORSK Genetics Center (AFGC) established a second breeding company (SalmoBreed) using breeding candidates from one of the private breeding programs. These two breeding companies have similar products, but different strategies on how to organize the breeding program and to disseminate the genetically improved seed to the Norwegian salmon industry. Greater competition has increased the necessity to document the genetic gain obtained from the different programs and to market the economic benefits of farming the genetically improved breeds. Both breeding companies have organized their dissemination to get a sufficient share of the economic benefits in order to sustain and improve their breeding programs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Fish culture ; DNA ; Induced breeding ; Breeding success ; Research programmes
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    Policies on release of improved fish strains in China (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2599 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:49 | 2599 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Since 1991, the certification, release and maintenance of new species for aquaculture have become part of the national policy in China. During the past 15 years, this policy has been conducted and improved and has begun to show its significant role in Chinese fisheries. This paper describes the updated system of certification, release and maintenance of new species for aquaculture in China.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Fish culture ; Induced breeding ; Breeding success ; Research programmes ; Policies
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    Potential applications of reproductive and molecular genetic technologies in the selective breeding of aquaculture species (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2595 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:41 | 2595 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The use of reproductive and genetic technologies can increase the efficiency of selective breeding programs for aquaculture species. Four technologies are considered, namely: marker-assisted selection, DNA fingerprinting, in-vitro fertilization, and cryopreservation. Marker-assisted selection can result in greater genetic gain, particularly for traits difficult or expensive to measure, than conventional selection methods, but its application is currently limited by lack of high density linkage maps and by the high cost of genotyping. DNA fingerprinting is most useful for genetic tagging and parentage verification. Both in-vitro fertilization and cryopreservation techniques can increase the accuracy of selection while controlling accumulation of inbreeding in long-term selection programs. Currently, the cost associated with the utilization of reproductive and genetic techniques is possibly the most important factor limiting their use in genetic improvement programs for aquatic species.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Aquatic animals ; Fish culture ; DNA ; Induced breeding
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    Lessons from established breeding programs: terrestrial and aquatic animals (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2594 | 115 | 2011-09-29 18:45:03 | 2594 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Some relevant components of selection program theory and implementation are reviewed. This includes pedigree recording, genetic evaluation, balancing genetic gains and genetic diversity and tactical integration of key issues. Lessons learned are briefly described – illustrating how existing method and tools can be useful when launching a program in a novel species, and yet highlighting the importance of proper understanding and custom application according to the biology and environments of that species.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Aquatic animals
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    Lessons from the breeding program of rohu (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2598 | 115 | 2011-09-29 18:45:17 | 2598 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: For the first time in India, selective breeding work has been initiated at the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India in collaboration with the Institute of Aquaculture Research (AKVAFORSK), Norway. Rohu has been chosen as the model species because it enjoys the highest consumer preference among Indian major carps (IMC) although its performance was observed to be slower than other IMC. As this was the first ever selection work on any Indian major carp, many procedures and techniques for successful implementation of the programs were standardized (i.e. production of full-sib groups, establishment of model hatchery for selective breeding of carps, rearing of full-sib groups in partitioned nursery ponds, individual tagging with the Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tag, communal rearing, sampling, data analysis, field testing and dissemination of improved rohu). After four generations of selection, an average of 17 per cent higher growth per generation was observed in improved rohu.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Fish culture ; Brood stocks ; Induced breeding ; Breeding success ; Research programmes ; India
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    Potential of genetics for aquaculture development in Africa (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9113 | 115 | 2012-11-26 17:28:18 | 9113 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Aquaculture in Africa is fairly insignificant by world standards and accounts for a mere 0.4 per cent of global aquaculture production. The application of genetics can play an important role in efforts to increase aquaculture production in Africa through methods such as selective breeding, hybridization, chromosome manipulation and use of YY “supermales”. Other issues that need to be addressed are limited genetic research facilities, funding, human capacity and suitable species for aquaculture.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Aquaculture development ; Tilapia ; Genetics ; Africa
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    Genetic diversity and selective breeding of red common carps in China (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9312 | 115 | 2012-11-30 14:19:07 | 9312 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: China has a very rich genetic diversity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the red common carp plays an important role in Chinese aquaculture and genetic studies. Selective breeding, particularly crossbreeding has been applied successfully to red common carps in China, and the products of these efforts have been in commercial use since the 1970s. However, knowledge of the quantitative and molecular genetics of these carps is limited. Studies were therefore undertaken to: (1) understand the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of red common carps in China; (2) understand the inheritance of color phenotype of Oujiang color carp; (3) select stable Oujiang color carp with fast growth rate and ornamental Oujiang color carp comparable with the Koi common carp from Japan; (4) study the culture performance and culture systems suitable for the Oujiang color carp in cages and paddies; (5) extend better quality fish and appropriate culture systems for small scale fish farmers in poor areas.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Genetics ; Biological diversity ; Fish culture ; Selective breeding ; China ; Cyprinus carpio
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    Marine fisheries, genetic effects and biodiversity (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9429 | 115 | 2012-10-11 04:49:10 | 9429 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Preservation of marine biodiversity deserves serious consideration as almost 65% of the earth's organisms (excluding insects) are marine. There is little knowledge at present on the status of marine biodiversity. However, the seas are an important source of protein for human consumption and genetic diversity is a key factor in ecosystem functioning, stability and resilience. Overfishing and destructive practices may have unalterable impact on marine biodiversity. This paper discusses measures that can be adopted to protect the most productive areas of the marine ecosystem.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Genetics ; Biological diversity ; Fishery management ; Resource conservation ; Ecosystem management
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    Approaches to national fish breeding programs: pointers from a tilapia pilot study (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9178 | 115 | 2012-11-28 13:13:57 | 9178 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: Details are given of a framework for developing breeding programmes using experience from the Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapias project which focussed on Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus ). The following aspects are outlined: Analysis of targeted production and marketing systems; Breeding goals; Systematic documentation and evaluation of available genetic resources and choice and genetic base; Number of strains; Breeding strategy; Selection criteria and evaluation; Production and dissemination of improved strains; and, social, economic and environmental impacts.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Breeding ; Genetics ; National planning ; Programmes ; Fish ; Oreochromis niloticus
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    Baseline biochemical and genetic profiles of four fishes from the River Nile (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9362 | 115 | 2012-10-23 08:48:19 | 9362 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Six enzyme systems coding for 10 loci and 6 proteins were examined in the blood of Polypterus senegalus, Clarias lazera, Tilapia nilotica and Protopterus annectens, using electrophoresis. Six loci were polymorphic in all the four species, three polymorphic in three species and one polymorphic in T. nilotica. Four protein loci were monomorphic in all the four species with variants in P. senegalus and T. nilotica. Haemoglobin can be used as a species-specific marker. Polymorphism was 53-56 per cent and average heterozygosity was 0.1-0.15.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Genetics ; Polypterus senegalus ; Clarias lazera ; Tilapia nilotica ; Protopterus annectens
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    Down to earth thoughts on conserving aquatic genetic diversity (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9447 | 115 | 2012-10-12 05:19:00 | 9447 | WorldFish Center
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: A discussion is presented on the topic of maintaining genetic diversity in aquatic ecosystems, considering the various threats caused by irreversible damage or loss to the environment. The current situation in aquaculture and future prospects regarding the conservation and protection of endangered species are outlined, describing the case of tilapias in Africa as one particular example of fish conservation.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Resource conservation ; Aquatic organisms ; Genetics
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    Exotic species and genetically modified organisms in aquaculture and enhanced fisheries: ICLARM's position (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9449 | 115 | 2012-10-12 05:21:23 | 9449 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This article contains a discussion paper on the use of exotic species and genetically modified organisms in aquaculture and enhanced fisheries, together with a summary of ICLARM's (International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Philippines) current position on this important topic.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Aquaculture ; Genetically modified organisms
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    The Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapias (GIFT) project: the story so far (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9451 | 115 | 2012-10-12 05:22:47 | 9451 | WorldFish Center
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Genetics ; Selective breeding ; Research programmes ; ICLARM ; Tilapia
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    Genetic engineering of microorganisms: free release into the environment (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5250 | 3949 | 2020-08-23 05:42:00 | 5250 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Genetic engineering now makes possible the insertion of DNA from many organisms into other prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral hosts. This technology has been used to construct a variety of such genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs). The possibility of accidental or deliberate release of GEMs into the natural environment has recently raised much public concern. The prospect of deliberate release of these microorganisms has prompted an increased need to understand the processes of survival, expression, transfer and rearrangement of recombinant DNA molecules in microbial communities. The methodology which is being developed to investigate these processes will greatly enhance our ability to study microbial population ecology.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Aquatic environment ; Genetics ; Microorganisms ; England ; Annual report
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