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  • Chemical Engineering  (1.071)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (732)
  • 1980-1984  (1.803)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (951)
  • 1982  (852)
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  • 1980-1984  (1.803)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Effect of temperature distribution on continuous rapid ethanol formation in molasses fermentation (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 797-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Recently, considerable interest has been shown in the study and analysis of immobilized cell reactors. One of the major uses of such a reactor system is expected to be in ethanol production from carbohydrates. One distinct disadvantage of this system is carbon dioxide gas holdup associated with unsteady-state temperature distribution across the reactor. Taking into account the earlier published data and assuming steady-state-substrate balance, and unsteady-state energy balance, and an average gas holdup of 20% with the heat retained by the gas neglected, the average reaction rate in the differential element was computed. Finally, a mathematical model to predict steady-state temperature profile along the reactor was developed. It was verified with experimental data obtained from an immobilized yeast reactor column (1 m × 14.5 cm). The experimental data fit well those computed from the model within an accuracy of 5%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240404
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilization of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase on copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 837-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Alcohol dehydrogenase has been immobilized to the basic copolymer and its several derivatives using various techniques. Enzyme coupling to the supports with amino groups by means of glutaraldehyde was found the most suitable. Activity of alcohol dehydrogenase coupled to these amino supports was comparable to that of the enzyme bound to Sepharose. Thermal and pH stability of alcohol dehydrogenase increased essentially upon immobilization. Kinetic properties of the immobilized enzyme differed from those of free alcohol dehydrogenase, pH optimum shifted to alkaline range, and apparent Michaelis constants for substrates and coenzymes increased. Curvatures observed in Lineweaver-Burk plots for coenzymes suggest an involvement of diffusion effects in the reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase linked to these polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240407
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of the acid precipitation of soya protein in a continuous-flow tubular reactor (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 871-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The acid precipitation of soya protein was studied in a continuous-flow tubular reactor under conditions of turbulent flow. Preliminary batchwise experiments of a semiquantitative nature were also carried out on a bench-scale reactor to better define the parameters affecting precipitate growth. The experiments indicated the dominant growth mechanism to be the aggregation of primary precipitate particles produced by the contacting of the protein and acid streams. The rate of particle growth was observed to rise with an increase in the protein concentration as well as with greater intensity of turbulence. The final mean particle size decreased with increased intensity of turbulence. A theoretical model was set up to simulate the growth of the precipitate particles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240410
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Film diffusional influences on the kinetic parameters in packed-bed immobilized enzyme reactorsNCL communication no 2752 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 763-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A number of studies on packed-bed immobilized enzyme reactors have shown the significant influence of the external film mass transfer resistance on the apparent kinetic parameters. Some of the earlier mathematical models using approximation techniques have attempted to explain the linearity of the S0x vs ln (1 - x) plots observed experimentally for systems obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics. However, there has been no critical examination of the bounds of validity of the approximations used. Further, the situations where the above linearity is not valid have been examined neither conceptually nor quantitatively. The work presented here overcomes these drawbacks of the earlier analyses by approaching the problem from a different angle. Methods of evaluation of the intrinsic kinetic parameters under different experimental situations have been outlined and illustrated with several examples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240402
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrogen fluoride saccharification of wood: Lignin fluoride content, isolation of α-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride and posthydrolysis of reversion products (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 903-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Wood chips from bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.) were saccharified by reaction with liquid hydrogen fluoride either anhydrous or containing up to 10% v/v water. The reaction products were separated into a solid lignin fraction and a water-soluble saccharide fraction. The fluoride content of the lignin (determined after alkaline fusion) was initially about 1 mg/g wood, but was lowered to 0.1 mg/g wood by grinding and washing. Thus little or no chemical binding of fluoride to lignin occurred during hydrogen fluoride (HF) solvolysis. Analysis of the water-soluble fraction by gel filtration on Biogel P2 columns showed a range of low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides and only 10-20% sugar monomers. Thus considerable reversion occurred during HF evacuation. Posthydrolysis conditions were optimized for these reversion products by varying temperature and acid concentration. Optimal conditions at 1 h were 140°C with 100mN sulfuric acid or 225mN Hydrofluoric acid resulting in monomer yields of 〉 90% for 0.5% sugar solutions and 〉 80% for 10% sugar solutions. After reaction of pure cellulose (Filter paper) with hydrogen fluoride in the absence of water, and terminating the reaction with calcium carbonate, the reaction intermediate α-D-glucopyranosylfluoride was isolated with a maximal yield of 0.2 g/g paper. Upon purification via paper chromatography glucosylfluoride was identified by its specific rotation and also by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of its tetra-O-trimethylsilyl derivative.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240412
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potentiometric quantitation of glycerol using immobilized glycerol dehydrogenase (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 971-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Glycerol dehydrogenase was immobilized in polyacrylamide gel layered over a small platinum screen and used to catalyze the oxidation of glycerol. In the presence of NAD+ and potassium ferricyanide, the coupling reaction generated a measurable electrical potential which was found to be Nernstian with respect to the glycerol concentration range of 10-4M to 10-1M. The reproducibility of the measurement and the optimal conditions for glycerol determination were described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240416
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of polyphenolic compounds on the growth and cellulolytic activity of a strain of trichoderma viride (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 983-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240420
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and properties of immobilized lipases (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1007-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240423
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous-culture studies on the regulation of tylosin biosynthesis (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1093-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The metabolic regulation of tylosin synthesis by Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 2702 was studied in batch and chemostat cultures using a soluble synthetic medium. In batch culture a medium which diminished the trophophase-idiophase kinetic pattern was used to assess the activities of the enzymes involved in tylosin synthesis. The enzymes methylmalonyl-coenzyme A carboxyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.1) and propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) showed early enzymatic derepression, both enzymes reaching their highest specific activities after 72-96 fermentation. The activity of macrocin 3′ -O-methyltransferase, the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of macrocin (tylosin C) to tylosin (tylosin A). also peaked at 72 h. The specific activities of the three enzymes showed close correlation with the qtylosin value. In chemostat cultures the activities of the enzymes and the intracellular level of the adenylate pool and energy charge were studied as a function of dilution rate. Under steady-state conditions, increases in the specific growth rate repressed the enzymes activities with a concomitant increase in the intracellular level of the adenylate pool, while the adenylate energy charge remained almost constant and in the range 0.5-0.52. The highest specific activities of the enzymes were observed when D = 0.008 h -1. The specific rate of tylosin synthesis was inversely proportional to the specific growth rate and the intracellular level of adenylate pool. The pool of adenylate could be a nutritional parameter which had a considerable influence on the biosynthesis of tylosin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240506
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusive and hydraulic transfer of solutes through homogeneous membranes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1135-1144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Rates of hydraulic transport of water, solute permeabilities, and sieving coefficients of homogeneous κ-carrageenan and bovine serum albumin membranes were measured. These values increased with the water content of membranes. The data show good agreement with the predictions based on the pore model.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240510
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ethanol production by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces uvarum, and Zymomonas mobilis (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1155-1163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-2034, S, uvarum NRRL Y-1347, and Zymomonas mobilis NRRL B-806 each were separately immobilized in a Ca-alginate matrix and incubated in the presence of a free-flowing and continuous 1, 3, 5, 10, or 20% (w/w) glucose solution. In general, the yeast cells, converted 100percnt; of the 1, 3, and 5% glucose to alcohol within 48 h and maintained such a conversion rate for at least two weeks. The bacterium converted ca. 90% (w/w) of the 1, 3, and 5% glucose to alcohol continuously for one week. However, both the yeast and bacterium were inhibited in the highest glucose (20% w/w) solution. All of the immobilized cultures produced some alcohol for at least 14 days. Immobilized S. cerevisiae was the best alcohol producer of all of the glucose concentrations; the yeast yielded 4.7 g ethanol/100 g solution within 72 h in the 10% glucose solution. After 7-8 days in the 10% solution, S. cerevisiae produced ethanol at 100% of theoretical yield (5.0 g ethanol/100 g solution), with a gradual decrease in alcohol production by 14 days. Immobillized S. uvarum produced a maximum of 4.0 g ethanol/100 g solution within 2 days and then declined to ca. 1.0 g ethanol/100 g solution after 7 days continuous fermentation in the 10% glucose solution. Zymomonas mobilis reached its maximum ethanol production at 4 days (4.7 g/100 g solution), and then diminished similarly to S. uvarum. The development of a multiple disk shaft eliminated the problem both of uneven distribution of alginate-encapsulated cells and of glucose channeling within the continuous-flow fermentor column. This invention improved alcohol production about threefold for the yeast cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240512
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative performance of biofilm reactor types (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1341-1370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Development of a unified model of biofilm-reactor kinetics is based on substrate-utilization kinetics, mass transport, biofilm growth, and reactor analysis. The model is applied to steady-state conditions for complete-mix, fixed-bed, and fluidized-bed reactors with and without recycle. The results of modeling experiments demonstrate that simple loading factors and kinetic relationships are insufficient to describe the performance of a variety of biofilm processes. Instead, the interactions among utilization kinetics, biofilm growth, and reactor configuration determine the performance. For example, fluidized-bed reactors can achieve superior performance to complete-mix and fixed-bed reactors because the biofilm is evenly distributed throughout the reactor while the liquid regime has plug-flow characteristics. When it is possible, experimental results which demonstrate key concepts are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240609
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The immobilizaton of enzymes, bovine serum albumin, and phenylpropylamine to poly(acrylic acid)-polyethylene-based copolymers (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1371-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A poly(acrylic acid)-polyethylene graft copolymer was prepared and used initially to couple to acid phosphatase, using soluble carbodiimides. Yields which were quite good were obtained with CMC but not with EDAC. The copolymers was used to couple trypsin using EEDQ. Several organic solvents were investigated for the preparation of the “activated” poly(acrylic acid) intermediate. Using the activated system, high concentrations of trypsin were bound but the relative activities were not very high. The yield was good with bovine serum albumin (BSA). When the method was used for invertase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, the yields were poor and the copolymer was shown to absorb protein by an ion-exchange mechanism. However, the activated system gave a good yield of coupling to phenylpropylamine. A polyethylene-coacrylic-acid polymer containing 13% of acrylic acid (by weight) was then converted to the acid chloride by refluxing with thionyl chloride. The chlorinated copolymer which contained 0.7% chlorine and a thionyl-chloride-treated polyethylene control which contained no chlorine were investigated in immobilization studies. Such coupling involved bovine serum albumin (BSA), alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, β-galactosidase, and invertase. Bovine serum albumin coupled well to the support, but none of the enzymes gave high levels of enzymes activity. Phenylpropylamine coupled well and all of the acid chloride groups were involved. Tyrosine reacted with 63% of the available acid chloride groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240610
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mathematical description of competition between two and three bacterial species under dual substrate limitation in the chemostat: A comparison with experimental data (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1403-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A mathematical model is presented which describes the growth of two bacterial species in mixed chemostat cultures under dual substrate limitation. Competition experiments between a facultatively chemolithotrophic Thiobacillus and either a heterotroph or an obligately chemolithotrophic Thiobacillus served as an experimental model system [Gottschal, de Vries, and Kuenen, Archives of Microbiology, 121, 241-249 (1979)]. Furthermore, the introduction of Monod-type growth kinetics in the model allowed an assessment of the relative importance of the growth parameters for the outcome of the competition. In addition, it is shown how the results of the mathematical description of the two-membered mixed cultures can be used to predict the outcome of the competition between the three species competing for the two growth-limiting substrates acetate and thiosulfate in a three-membered mixed culture. In contrast to the experimental data of Gottschal, de Vries, and Kuenen it is predicted that two of the three species or only one of them (the “mixotroph”) will survive in the culture. Within the framework of the proposed mathematical model, two possible explanations for the experimentally observed coexistence of three species are suggested: either the very slow dynamics of the system did not allow the attainment of a true steady state within the time scale of the present experiments or some parameters describing the mixed culture were extremely sensitive towards minor fluctuations in dilution rate. The results of the present mathematical model support the view that facultatively chemolithotrophic bacteria are able to survive under appropriate limiting mixed substrate conditions in the presence of more “specialized” heterotrophs and obligately chemolitotrophs, in spite of their relatively low specific growth rate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240612
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The production of ethanol from cellobiose using immobilized β-glucosidase coentrapped with yeast in alginate gels (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1461-1463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240618
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agitation effects on hydrogen gas production by Citrobacter intermedius (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1469-1472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240620
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Technology advances for continuous compression milling pretreatment of lignocellulosics for enzymatic hydrolysis (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1495-1505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The feasibility of a continuous compression milling pretreatment process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosics has been demonstrated. Pretreatment efficiency was improved significantly by adjustment of feedstock moisture content prior to milling and/or increasing the roll pressure on the feedstock. Optimum moisture contents for newspaper (24%). corn stover (17%), popular (12-20%) were determined. Sugar Yields of 48% were obtained from air-dried newspaper after six passes through even-pressure rolls and the specific energy input was 0.21kW h/lb. The Effect of roll speed on enzymatic hydrolysis improvement was constant over a roll speed range of from 30-110 ft/min (65 rpm). Enzymatic hydrolysis results from commercial-scale pretreatment of moist newspaper processed at 6 tons/h/ correlated well with laboratory mill data while energy consumption was 26% less.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240704
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Volume changes during fermentation processes due to gas exchange (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1877-1880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240813
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cell immobilization in k-carrageenan with tricalcium phosphate (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1827-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The objectives of this research were to investigate the growth of immobilized yeast cells in k-carrageenan gel and study the effect of trapping hydroxyapatite (tricalcium phosphate) crystals into the matrix. Using k-carrageenan, the final number of cells per milliliter of gel is at least an order of magnitude higher than free cells per milliliter of medium. A “cell retention” theory explaining this cell concentration difference was proposed. Coexistence of yeast cells and an additional agent such as tricalcium phosphate results in sustained viability through internal pH control, increased cell loading, greater settling velocity, and enhanced ethanol production.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240809
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of phosphorus in activated sludge (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1813-1826 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Monod's kinetic model was used to correlate the specific growth rate of mixed activated sludge with the limiting substrate of phosphorus for both batch and continuous-flow culture systems. In the batch reactor system, the specific growth rate varied from 0.092 to 0.617 h-1 and the saturation constant changed from 25.5 to 117.5 when the COD: P ratio was controlled within the range of 10 to 788 and at the temperature 25± 0.5°C. An inverse relationship between specific growth rate and cell yield was found. the maximum specific growth rate and the saturation constant obtained from this study were equal to 0.64 h-1 and 0.378mg/L, respectively. In the completely mixed continuous-flow culture system, it was found that the substrate utilization, biological solids production, and sludge composition were markedly affected by the source of phosphorus available in the wastewater. The phosphorus-limited activated sludge is normally high in carbohydrate content and low in protein content. Also, sludge organisms growth under the severely restricted phosphorus condition usually possess a large capsule. These capsulated carbohydrate-like substances can be converted to cellular protein if the source of phosphorus is added. The values of cell yield in the continuous-flow activated sludge system are predictable by the use of kinetic constants that are generated from batch culture studies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240808
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Process optimization of a continuous airlift tower-loop reactor (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1851-1869 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Based on the experimental investigations with H. polymorpha and Methylomonas M 15 in bench-scale airlift tower-loop reactors, a general distributed parameter model was developed and used to simulate to cultivation process in a 40-m-high production reactor. This general model was simplified with regard to the gas phase and loop balances and was employed to optimize cell productivity and/or profit in a 20-m-high pilot-plant airlift tower-loop reactor. Maximum cell productivity always occurs in the oxygen-transfer-limited growth range. In case of a high “penalty factor” for nonconsumed substrate, maximum profit is attained at the boundary between substrate and oxygen-transfer-limited growth. Oxygen-transfer limitation exists in the lower half of the tower, whereas in the upper half, substrate limitation prevails. The longitudinal dissolved oxygen concentration passes a minimum in this case as has been determined experimentally in the bench-scale column. The simulation results agree fairly well with the data measured in the pilot plant.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240811
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of operating temperature for continuous glucose isomerase reactor system (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1889-1896 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240816
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Exploitation of plant cells for the production of natural compoundsPresented by B.D. at the ACS Meeting, New York, 25 August 1981. (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1965-1974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A four-step strategy is presented which allows the establishment of plant cell cultures producing high yields of secondary plant products. The application of suitable methods (radioimmunoassay, fluorescence screening) for the selection of overproducing differentiated plants and cell colonies is stressed. By precursor feeding and hormone application, plant cell cultures can greatly be influenced in their production behavior. A highly sensitive, selective regulatory mechanism for the uptake and storage of alkaloids in Catharanthus vacuoles is demonstrated. Overproducing variant cell strains are so far the most promising tool for the future biotechnological application of the plant cell culture method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240905
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fluidized-bed fermenters: A steady-state analysis (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2013-2030 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new mathematical model is presented model is presented for use in the design and optimization of fluidized-bed fermenters. Unlike previous models, the biomass particle size is not a required input parameter, but is predicted as a consequence of the process by which the fermenter reaches a steady state. Both tower fermenters and supported-film bioreactors are included in the analysis. The differences between them are explained as a consequence of the different effects of added biomass on the particle settling velocity and the tendency of a fluidized bed to stratify. A detailed qualitative treatment of solids mixing allows the model to predict the varying biomass concentration through a tower fermenter and the more constant concentration in the supported film reactor. Other features of this analysis are the inclusion of an axial dispersion term to allow for different liquid mixing conditions, and the introduction of a variable transformation that eliminates the need for a computer solution. A sample design problem is included.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240909
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fungal treatment of mechanical pulps - its effect on paper properties (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2063-2076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Refiner mechanical pulp was biologically treated with several higher fungi in order to test their potential for increasing the strength of paper. It was among the white-rot fungi that the best results were obtained. Polyporus versicolor gave the best overall improvement in handsheet properties with no reduction in tear. The strength improvement is due to attack on lignin and to an increase in fiber flexibility as measured by water retention values and by acidic group content of the treated pulps. The brown-rot fungi had a detrimental effect on paper properties.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240913
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of gas-phase oxygen concentrations with an oxygen electrode (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2109-2113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240918
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241001
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stereospecific hydrolysis by soluble and immobilized lipases (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2175-2188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Stereospecific hydrolysis of insoluble monoesters by lipases are reported. Among the lipases tested, porcine pancreatic lipase was the most stereospecific when acting on 3-chloro-2-methyl propanol propionate. When the chain length of the acid was enhanced, the stereospecificity decreased. Initial rate measurements analysis concluded that the observed stereospecificity was the result of different catalytic constants rather than different Michaelis constants. From these results, methods were derived for the preparation of l- or d-3-chloro-2-methylpropanol (an intermediary in the synthesis of levomepromasine) based on the hydrolysis of esters by soluble or immobilized lipases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241006
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Foam separation of DNA and proteins from solutions (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2253-2262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Foam separation on BSA-DNA (bovine serum albumine/deoxyribonucleic acid) and Lysozyme-DNA systems is performed. The separation of the total protein from DNA is evaluated for dissociated chromatin solution. Foam separation for the same systems is done also by a new method of creating a pressure gradient in the Plateau-Gibbs borders in the foam and obtaining a “dry” foam. It is shown that the effectiveness of the foam separation can be improved significantly by the application of the latter method. Some factors (pH, initial concentration of the solution, expansion factor of the foam) influencing the separation of proteins from DNA in the foam and in the residual solution are studied as well.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241011
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and its coenzyme coimmobilized in a tubular flow reactor (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2087-2097 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) were coimmobilized, with covalent attachment, to the interior surface of a nylon tube. The NAD was attahed at the N6 group of the adenine moiety; an NAD derivative was prepared and attached to free carboxyl groups at a partially hydrolyzed nylon surface. The enzyme was attached, through glutaraldehyde residues, to free amino groups on the surface. Kinetic studies were carried out in which the reduced NAD was recycled by means of phenazine ethosulfate and 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol. The reaction was studied over a range of flow rates and ethanol concentrations. The variation of rate with flow rate suggested that there was little diffusion control with respect to ethanol and that there was no observable inhibition by the reaction products. These conclusions were confirmed by evidence based on dimensionless parameters for the reaction and by direct inhibition experiments. The apparent Michaelis constant was lower than when only the enzyme was immobilized, suggesting that the immobilized enzyme-coenzyme system is of high efficiency. Overall rates of reaction were lower than when there was saturation with NAD. The tube showed no measurable loss of catalytic activity over a period of one month.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240915
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microbial desulfurization of coal by thermophilic microorganism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2115-2121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240919
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adsorption of cellulase on cellulose: Effect of physicochemical properties of cellulose on adsorption and rate of hydrolysis (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2137-2153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In the cellulase-cellulose reaction system, the adsorption of cellulase on the solid cellulose substrate was found to be one of the important parameters that govern the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of cellulose. The adsorption of cellulase usually parallels the rate of hydrolysis of cellulose. The affinity for cellulase varies depending on the structural properties of cellulose. Adsorption parameters such as the half-saturation constant, the maximum adsorption constant, and the distribution coefficient for both the cellulase and cellulsoe have been experimentally determined for several substrates. These adsorption parameters vary with the source of cellulose and the pretreatment methods and are correlated with the crystallinity and the specific surface area of cellulose substrates. The changing pattern of adsorption profile of cellulase during the hydrolysis reaction has also been elucidated. For practical utilization of cellulosic materials, the cellulose structural properties and their effects on cellulase adsorption, and the rate of hydrolysis must be taken into consideration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241003
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilization of yeast cells containing β-galactosidase (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1839-1850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Cultural conditions optimum for β-galactosidase production by Saccharomyces anamensis are pH 4.5, temperature 26 ± 2°C, and 30 h of incubation period. Addition of lactose at 24 h fermentation greatly increase the level of enzyme. Optimum pHl, temperature, pH stability, and thermostability of yeast β-galactosidase are negligibly affected by immobilization. The Km values of enzyme in the native and immobilized cells are 102mM and 148mM, respectively. Glucose noncompetitively inhibits the enzyme activity. Addition of substances such as dithioerythritol, glutathione, and bovine serum albumin to the native cell during assay procedure and immobilized cell prior to immobilization have stimulatory effects on enzyme activity. Metal ions like Ca2+, Mg2+ enhance the β-galactosidase activity for both intact and bound cells. Immobilized cells retain 68.6% of the β-galactosidase activity of intact cells and there is no significant loss of activity on storage at 4°C for 28 days.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240810
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sterile air-shielded connectors for aseptic operations (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1885-1887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240815
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellulase production by wild and a new mutant strain of Thermomonospora sp. (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1901-1904 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240818
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of Spirulina maxima algal biomass (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1919-1924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240822
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous conversion of D-xylose to ethanol by immobilized pachysolen tannophilusPresented at the meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Orlando, Florida. February 28-March 3, 1982 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2241-2251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The yeast Pachysolen tannophilus was entrapped in calcium alginate beads to ferment D-xylose on a continous basis in the presence of high cell densities. Experimental operating variables included the feed D-xylose concentration, the dilution rate, and the fermentor biomass concentration. Under favorable operating conditions, cultures retained at least 50% of their initial productivity after 26 days of operation. The specific ehanol production rate was dependent on the substrate level in the fermentor, passing through an optimum when the D-xylose concentration was between 28 and 35 g/L. Consequently, reactor productivity increased with dilution rate and feed D-xylose concentration until a maximum was reached. The ethanol content of the effluent always decreased with increasing dilution rate, but excessive dilution rates diminished the ethanol content without increasing productivity. Unlike production rate, ethanol yield declined monotonically from 0.35 g/g as the fermentor substrate concentration increased. The yield was 69% of that theoretically possible when the D-xylose concentration was near zero, as opposed to 42% when it was in the range supporting the optimum specific rate of ethanol production. As long as D-xylose was supplied to cells faster than they could consume it, productivity increased with the mass of cells immobilized. The effectiveness factor associated with the calcium alginte beads used in this system was 0.4, indicating that only 40% of the entrapped biomass was effective in converting D-xylose to ethanol because of diffusion limitations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241010
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuos IBE fermentation by immobilized growing Clostridium beijerinckii cells in a stirred-tank fermentor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 281-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The potential of continuous isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) fermentation by Ca-alginate-immobilized Clostridium beijerinckii cells in a continuous stirred-tank reactor is investigated. A mathematical model is presented to describe steady-state reactor performance. It appeared to be possible to use the biocatalyst particles repeatedly for successive fermentations (at least three times for a total duration of two months). Reactor productivity was 6-16 times higher than that of a batch fermentation (free cells), while the solvents yield was also increased. Measurements of substrate, product, and biomass concentrations were only partially in agreement with the model; however, a solid basis for further technological developement of the process has been laid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250121
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of Spirulina biomass: Maintenance of monoalgal culture outdoors (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of sodium bicarbonate concentration, population density, and temperature on the maintenance of an outdoor monoculture of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis were studied. A clear response by Spirulina to the concentration of bicarbonate was evident, with 0.2M bicarbonate representing the lowest concentration in which a monoculture could be maintained. When the temperatures fell during the winter period to some 20-25°C below the optimum for Spirulina, Chlorella sp. gradually increased and became the dominant species in the culture. Raising the temperature by covering the pond with transparent polyethylene resulted in a sharp decline in the population of Chlorella, and a gradual resumption of species dominance by Spirulina. In winter, there was an inverse relationship in the pond between the population density of Spirulina and the extent of contamination by Chlorella sp.; but no such effect was observed under field conditions at temperatures higher than 25°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250204
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The half-saturation coefficient for dissolved oxygen: A dynamic method for its determination and its effect on dual species competition (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 403-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A simple approach was developed to determine the half-saturation coefficient for dissolved oxygen (KDO) for three bacteria by maintaining a constant oxygen concentration in continuous culture, and employing a dynamic method to obtain the specific growth rate (μ) for each species. Measurement of μ at selected dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) resulted in a typical Monod curve for a plot of μ vs. DO. Values for KDO and μmax were obtained from the Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plot. The bacteria studied included representative strains of three microorganisms isolated in pure culture from poorly settling activated sludge: two filamentous microorganisms, Sphaerotilus natans and a second Sphaerotilus sp., and an unidentified floc-forming microorganism. The KDO values obtained for Sphaerotilus sp., S. natans, and the floc former were 0.014, 0.033, and 0.073 mg/L, respectively. Dual species competition experiments were conducted in continuous culture under low and high DO conditions. Successful growth competition by these microorganisms under DO-limiting conditions was consistent with experimentally determined KDO values. The finding of lower KDO values for the two Sphaerotilus species, compared to the floc former, confirmed the hypothesis that these filamentous microorganisms can outgrow floc-forming microorganisms in activated sludge when DO in the aeration basin is low.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250209
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors affecting cell attachment, spreading, and growth on derivatized microcarriers. I. Establishment of working system and effect of the type of the amino-charged groups (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 469-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A working system for studying the effects of factors involved in the chemical nature of microcarriers on cell attachment, spreading, and growth was established. The system is based on polyacrylamide beads, prepared by the emulsion polymerization technique. Sieved beads of desirable mean diameter were derivatized to generate controlled amounts of primary and tertiary amino groups. These microcarriers were used for the propagation of four different cell strains: BHK, MDCK, CEF, and MRC-5. It was found that BHK cells attach and spread significantly faster on primary amino-derivatized beads than those with tertiary amino groups, and at a lower degree of charging. Cell yields of MDCK cells (with pronounced epithelial morphology) propagated on primary amino-derivatized beads were higher than that obtained for the tertiary amino-derivatized microcarriers. On the other hand, CEF and MRC-5 cells (with pronounced fibroblast morphology) achieved higher cell yields on the tertiary amino-derivatized microcarriers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250213
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion and the limiting substrate in two-substrate immobilized enzyme systems (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2705-2719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of mass transport resistances on two-substrate immobilized enzyme systems are investigated theoretically. It is shown that the effects of mass transport resistances on the overall reaction rate are related mainly to the transport of the limiting substrate. In the absence of external mass transport resistances, the limiting substrate can be identified by knowing only the ratio of the bulk substrate concentrations, the permeability of the support to the two substrates, and the stoichiometry of the reaction. However, a combination of internal and external mass transport resistances may result in the other substrate becoming limiting. These effects are most significant when the mass transport resistances are high. Applications in the design of enzyme electrodes and chemical reactors are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241208
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The minimum-sized ideal reactor for continuous alcohol fermentation using immobilized microorganism (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2731-2737 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241211
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anodic reactions in microbial fuel cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 559-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Potentiometric and amperometric measurements were made with microbial fuel cells containing E. coli or yeast as the anodic reducing agent and glucose as the oxidizable substrate. The catalytic effects of thionine and resorufin on the anode reaction were investigated. Results on the potentiometry, polarization, and coulombic output of the cells support a mediator-coupled mechanism for the transfer of electrons from the organism to the electrode in preference to a mechanism of “direct” electrochemical oxidation of glucose or its degradation products. Experiments with 14C-labeled glucose show that when a microbial fuel cell produces a current under load, exogenous glucose is metabolized to produce 14CO2. The Coulombic yields of the cells indicate a high degree of energy conversion in these systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250219
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of limiting nutrients, dilution rate, culture pH, and temperature on the yield constant and anthocyanin accumulation of carrot cells grown in semicontinuous chemostat cultures (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 569-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: With carrot cells grown in semicontinuous culture with phosphate as limiting nutrient. Dougall and Weyrauch (1980) found that the steady-state culture density was different at different dilution rates. They suggested that the yield constant for biomass was different at different dilution rates. Here the yield constant for biomass for PO43-, NH4+, Mg2+, and glucose-limited semicontinuous cultures has been measured directly at two dilution rates. The yield constants for PO43-, NH4+, and Mg2+ but not for glucose are different at the two dilution rates. The effects of pH and temperature on the biomass yield constant was measured to extend the number of system parameters examined. Biomass yield constant was changed little with change from 25 to 28°C or from pH 4.2 to pH 5.5. The steady-state levels of anthocyanin were also measured. The responses of anthocyanin levels to the system parameters are different to the biomass responses. The data suggest that at different values of each of the system parameters, the composition and metabolic activities of the cells at steady state in semicontinuous cultures are different.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250220
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assay of solid-substrate fermentation by means of reflectance infrared analysisThe mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 603-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250224
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anaerobic growth of Alcaligenes faecalis var. denitrificans at the expense of ether glycols and nonionic detergents (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 627-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250229
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sorption of Talaromyces emersonii cellulase on cellulosic substrates (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The sorption characteristics of the cellulase system of Talaromyces emersonii on various cellulosic substrates were examined. Analysis of reaction mixture supernatants by electrophoresis and enzyme assay showed that all components of the cellulase system were rapidly adsorbed by cellulose and then gradually returned to the liquid phase as the hydrolysis of the substrate progressed. The extent of adsorption in the rapid phase was influenced by pH, temperature, the nature of the substrate, and its concentration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250120
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purification and properties of extracellular β-glucosidase from Scytalidium lignicola (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250123
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Confining mycelial growth to porous microbeads: A novel technique to alter the morphology of non-newtonian mycelial cultures (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 967-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In an effort to alter the filamentous morphology of Penicillium chrysogenum cells, a technique was developed to confine the growth of the mycelia to porous celite beads. The pore matrix of these beads was found to be very effective for entrapping mycelial cells and spores. The entrapped spores were used to initiate the fermentations in shake flask cultures. Significant increases in final cell densities were obtained in the confined cell cultures reaching up to 60 g/L cells. This is nearly double the cell concentration attainable in free cell cultures grown in the absence of beads. Cell loadings up to 0.55 g cells per bead were obtained in the confined cell cultures. In the later stages of the fermentations, the specific oxygen uptake rates in the confined cell cultures were found to decrease with respect to free cell cultures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250407
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simple, sensitive, and accurate alcohol electrode (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1049-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The construction and performance of an enzyme electrode is described which specifically detects lower primary aliphatic alcohols in aqueous solutions. The electrode consists of a commercial Clark-type oxygen electrode on which alcohol oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.13) and catalase were immobilized. The decrease in electrode current is linearly proportional to ethanol concentrations between 1 and 25 ppm. The response of the electrode remains constant during 400 assays over a period of two weeks. The response time is between 1 and 25 min. Assembly of the electrode takes less than 1 h.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250413
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous production of L-tryptophan from indole and L-serine by immobilized Escherichia coli cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1013-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Escherichia coli B 10, which has high activity of tryptophan synthetase, was grown in a 50-L batch culture in order to determine in which growth phase the cells have the highest specific tryptophan productivity. Accordingly, whole cells of the stationary phase were used for immobilization in polyacrylamide beads. After immobilization, these immobilized cells had 56% activity of tryptophan synthetase compared with that of free cells. First, the properties of immobilized cells were investigated. Next, discontinuous productions of L-tryptophan were carried out by using immobilized cells. In discontinuous production of L-tryptophan by the batch, the activity remaining of immobilized cells was 76-79% after 30 times batchwise use. In continuous production of L-tryptophan with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), the activity remaining of the immobilized cells was 80% after continuous use for 50 days. The maximum productivity of L-tryptophan in this CSTR system was 0.12 g tryptophan L-1 h-1.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250411
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilization of the exo-maltohexaohydrolase by the irradiation method (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1095-1107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Exomaltohexaohydrolase (E.C.3.2.1.98) was immobilized by radiocopolymerization of some synthetic monomers which were mixed in various combinations. Irradiation was carried out while the mixture of monomers and enzymes was frozen in petroleum ether-dry-ice bath. Recovery of the immobilized enzyme was 44-75%.The optimum pH of the enzyme slightly shifted to the acidic side. The pH stability was improved remarkably by immobilization. The enzyme was stable retaining more than 90% of its original activity in the range pH 4-11. The optimum reaction temperature of the enzyme increased about 2°C. Heat stability was also improved by immobilization, and that the enzyme retained about 40% of its original activity after treatment at 75°C for 15 min. The immobilized enzyme was stable to the repeated use of 20 cycles. The Km value of the enzyme for short-chain amylose was almost the same as that of native enzyme. When soluble starch was used as the substrate, the Km, value of the enzyme was three times as large as that of native enzyme. Effects of various metal ions and inhibitors on the immobilized enzyme were also studied compared to the native enzyme.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250417
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellulose hydrolysis by the cellulases produced by Talaromyces emersonii when grown on different inducing substrates (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1169-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250423
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250501
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermentation process air filtration via cartridge filters (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1215-1221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The use of cartridge air filters for process air sterilization in commercial fermentation has proliferated in recent years. Sterile air cartridge filter performance is discussed. The use of dispersed oil particle (DOP) tests for in situ integrity testing is described and discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250504
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and properties of trypsin chemically attached to EEDQ activated styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 713-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers of varying combinations crosslinked with p-DVB (1-2%) and porous structure were synthesized to be used as carriers in trypsin immobilization. The styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers containing free carboxy groups were activated by conversion into the mixed carbonic anhydride with N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) at pH 4.0. The degree of activation of copolymers were determined from the amount of p-aminobenzoic acid each could bind. The activated copolymers were incubated with trypsin in phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) at 4°C for 24 h. The optimum conditions for enzymatic activity measurements determined and the activity tests were carried out in 1.5 × 10-2M CaCl2 solution (pH 8.0) at 0.05 ionic strength with a pH-stat instrument. The dependence of the activity of styrene-methacrylic acid (SMA)/trypsin derivatives to pH was investigated and it was observed that the optimum pH of the immobilized trypsin derivatives moved to the basic region compared to the native trypsin. It was found that as the ionic strength increased, the shift in the optimum pH decreased and the activity increased. The Michaelis constants for the SMA-trypsin derivatives were determined with aid of Lineweaver-Burk diagrams. The thermal, storage, and operational stabilities of SMA-trypsin derivatives were assessed. It was found that the above stabilities for all the immobilized trypsin derivatives were better than that for the native trypsin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250308
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some fluidization characteristics of biological beds (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1321-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The free-fall terminal velocity of particles coated with a nitrifying biofilm was investigated. The drag force exerted by the liquid on a biocoated particle was found larger than that for an uncoated particle. A new formula for the drag coefficient was proposed. The wet density of biofilm was estimated as 1.14 g/cm3. A proposed modification of the Zaki-Richardson method was successfully used for calculations of the porosity of a fluidized bed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250512
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enzyme management in the iotech process (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1393-1399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In the Iotech process, steam explosion of wood chips potentials hydrolysis of the cullulose by enzymes. A small portion of the exploded wood is used as substrate for the production of enzymes for hydrolysis of the remaining wood. Explosions conditions degrade some of the hemicellulose, creating factors (probably related to furfural) that impair enzymatic hydrolysis and destablized the cellulases. Fortunately, simple washing with water paremits more rapid hydrolysis while enzyme stability is greatly improved. Enzymes can be recovered from the hydrolysis residue by adjusting the pH to neutrality, and additional enzymes from hydrolysis filtrate can be adsorbed on fresh exploded wood en route to hydrolysis. A simple mass balance calculation shows proportions of various activities in a mix of fresh and recycled enzymes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250517
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250601
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous transformation of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa immobilized in an ultrafiltration cell (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1441-1452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Microbiological transformation of benzaldehyde accomplished by the fungus Rhodotorula mucilaginosa immobilized in the ultrafiltration cell was studied. A polysulfone membrane formed on a sintered PVC support was used for the separation of the transformation product from the cellular material. Kinetic investigations have led to results which are typical of continuously fed stirred tank reactors (CFSTR) - the value of the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and apparent Michaelis constant (K′m) are practically independent of the substrate retention time (calculated in terms of the flow intensity value). A strong relationship was found to occur between Vmax and biomass concentration in the reactor. Study of the apparent enzyme stability shows that the decrease in the biocatalyst activity is chiefly caused by penetration of the cells through the membrane. The experimental results were approximated in terms of the adopted mathematical model. Based on this model, the half-lives (t1/2) of enzyme activities were determined. The t1/2 value varies from 35 to 82 days and depends both on the permeate flux through the membrane and on the separation properties of the membrane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250603
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of immobilization on stability and kinetic properties of α-L-fucosidase from Turbo cornutus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1501-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An amount of α-L-fucosidase from T. cornutus liver was copolymerized with glutaraldehyde using bovine serum albumin as the carrier protein. The properties of the native, the soluble enzyme polymer complex, and the insoluble enzyme polymer complex were studied and compared under various conditions of pH, temperature, substrate, and inhibitor concentration. Native α-L-fucosidase was heat labile and lost more than 85% of its activity when incubated at 55°C for 5 min. In contrast, under equivalent incubation conditions, both the soluble and the insoluble enzyme polymer complexes exhibited enhanced resistance to thermal inactivation and after 5 min lost only 65 and 40% of their original activity, respectively. Polymerzation also resulted in the shift of pH optima towards the acidic range, a decrease in activation energy and a change in the apparent Km values towards the p-nitrophenyl-α-L-fucopyranoside substrate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250607
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Producton of single-cell protein from cellulose by Aspergillus terreus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1509-1519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Cellulose fermentation studies were conducted with a thermotolerant strain of Aspergillus terreus. Batch cultivation of A. terreus using purified or complex cellulose showed that 80-88% of the available cellulose was utilized in 30-36 h with an average doubling time of 7.5-8.3 h. The protein content in the biomass ranged from 23 to 38%. Semicontinuous cultivation studies, in which 90% of the biomass was withdrawn at the end of growth cycle, indicated that 84% of added cellulose was utilized with the biomass containing 32% crude protein. No loss in cellulose consumption, growth rate, or protein production occurred through two growth cycles. Continuous cultivation of A. terreus showed that 78-84% cellulose consumption occurred over growth temperatures ranging from 35 to 45°C. Maximum specific growth rates (0.14 h-1) occurred at 40 and 45°C with a minimum doubling time of 4.9 h.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250608
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theory and modelling of ethanol evaporative losses during batch alcoholic fermentation (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1597-1612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Evaporative loss of ethanol during batch alcoholic fermentation has been modelled, employing modern concepts of kinetics and stoichiometry and the best available phase equilibrium thermodynamic data. Theoretical results demonstrate that loss is proportional to the second power of the sugar concentration utilized and that the logarithm of loss is proportional to reciprocal absolute temperature. Good agreement is demonstrated among the theory, the numerical model, and the literature results. A master correlation for predicting ethanol loss is presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250613
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of temperature and ethanol concentration on the maintenance and yield coefficient of Zymomonas mobilis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1655-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250618
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A useful sampling device for small fermentors with thick mycelial suspensionsNCL Communication No. 3084. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1677-1678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250622
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficiency of lipid synthesis by yeasts (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1693-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The efficiency of lipid synthesis by ethanol-grown yeasts is characterized using the coefficient of the lipid energetic yield (η1). This coefficient is defined as the fraction of energy in an organic substrate that is converted to lipids. The advantages of η1 compared with the “fat coefficient” (Fs) as well as the biomass energetic yield (η) compared with Ys are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250702
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Current practice in designing bottom-entering fermentor drives (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1205-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Top entering drives have become almost traditional for fermentor applications, however bottom entering drives have distinct features that merit consideration. The prinicipal advantages of bottom drives are delineated and design criteria discussed. Illustrations based on experience with several hundred fermentors ranging in power from fractional to 100 HP and in scale from 10 to 30,000 gallons are presented. Specific areas dealt with include configuration, alignment, seals, and shaft design.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250503
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A minicomputer system for analyzing and reporting pilot plant fermentor data (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1237-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In 1979, a minicomputer system was developed for Hoffmann-La Roche by ABEC, Inc. for the purpose of achieving on-line analysis and reporting of data from 16 70-L pilot-plant fermentors (New Brunswick Scientific Co.). The system consists of a PDP 11/60 computer with 96K core capacity, two RL01 disk drives, two RX01 floppy-disk drives, LA-36 DECwriter terminal, Tektronix CRT, and Versatec printer plotter. DEC, PDP, RSX, RL01, RX01, LA-36, and DECwriter are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. The computer software comprises three distinct groups of programs. RSX-11M is a disk-based operating system that allows quick response to realtime events, such as process monitoring and data acquisition, while carrying out less time-dependent activities, such as program development and graphical output. The AIM (Biles, Inc.) system is used to acquire and convert the voltage signals produced by pilot-plant instrumentation into engineering units. Analysis and graphical output are executed by ABEC and Versatec supplied programs. The most beneficial task performed by the computer is the production of graphical output of a variety of measured and analyzed data. This has led to an increase in personnel productivity and design of more meaningful experiments. An ancillary function of the system is to pick up data logged by a PDP 11/03 computer from a remote fermentation production plant by means of a MODEM interfaced communication link. Production data are analyzed and presented in a form identical with pilot-plant data. The experience with the system is discussed in this article.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250507
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of pretreatment on the hydrolysis of cellulose by Penicillium funiculosum cellulase and recovery of enzyme (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1863-1871 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Penicillium funiculosum produces a complete cellulase which brings about 97% hydrolysis of cotton and has high β-glucosidase, xylanase, laminarinase, and lichenase activities. This article deals with the effect of different pretreatments on the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse by P. funiculosum enzymes and the recovery of enzyme from the insoluble residues. Enzymic saccharification of bagasse pretreated with hot 1N NaOH followed by neutralization with HCI and steam treated under pressure (7 kg/cm2) gave 63 and 59% saccharification, respectively, in 48 h. Hemicellulose is not lost in these pretreatments. With a 30% slurry of steam-treated bagasse, a semisolid mass containing 14% sugar was obtained. A 90% recovery of CMCase, β-glucosidase, and filter paper activity from the hydrolysates was obtained under the following conditions: (1) maintaining the ratio of enzyme to substrate high by stepwise addition of substrate, (2) brief grinding of the residual substrate with glass powder, and (3) addition of 0.4% Tween-80 to the eluting buffer. The high recovery of cellulolytic enzymes indicates that the adsorption of these enzymes on cellulose is not irreversible.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250714
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250801
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Precipitation, chelation, and the availability of metals as nutrients in anaerobic digestion. I. Methodology (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1947-1957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A methodology has been developed for the quantitative assessments of the individual effects of precipitation and chelation of metal ions in an anaerobic digester.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250805
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous production of high-glucose syrup by chitin-immobilized amylase (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1973-1980 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A simple method of preparing a chitin-immobilized α-amylase and glucoamylase from the protease- and glycosidase-less Mutant HF-15 of Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi was developed and used for the production of high-glucose syrup. The glucoamylase was tightly bound onto chitin without the aid of a crosslinking agent because the enzyme contained a specific binding site for chitin. Continuous production of high glucose concentrate from a highly concentrated α-amylasetreated gelatinized starch substrate (about 45% total solids) was undertaken successfully with the use of a column-packed chitin-immobilized amylase. The activity of the column was stable for more than 20 days of continuous operation and the product was found to be only glucose with an average dextrose equivalent value of more than 97%. The final product showed no isomaltose or panose contamination, indicating that the immobilized amylase had no transglucosidation activity. The immobilized amylase was most active in the conversion of gelatinized starch to glucose at 55°C and pH 2.5 to 5.0. Drying the chitin-immobilized amylase resulted in the decrease of activity and shortening of storage life, whereas a storage life of up to 80 days was attained without affecting its original activity when kept under moist condition at 4°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250807
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of carbon dioxide on the production of an extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1083-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The production of the extracellular nuclease secreted by Staphylococcus aureus (Foggi strain) was studied in a fermentor in an attempt to improve yield and allow large-scale production of the enzyme. In shake flask cultures, 600 units/mL of the enzyme were produced routinely. However, only 450 units/mL of the enzyme at best were obtained in a small-scale fermentor (3 L). The supplementation of the air supply to the fermentor with carbon dioxide [20% (v/v)] increased levels of enzyme in the culture medium to 770 units/mL. Subsequently, this result was reproduced in larger fermentors (10 and 150 L). The possible mechanisms of the effect of carbon dioxide upon the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (Foggi) and the production of the enzyme are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250416
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bioconversion of cellulose into ethanol by Clostridium thermocellum - product inhibition (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1109-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Direct anaerobic bioconversion of cellulosic substances into ethanol by Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 has been carried out at 60°C and pH 7.0 (initial for 100 L) under continuous sparging of oxygen free nitrogen in a culture vessel. Raw bagasse, mild alkali-treated bagasse, and solka floc were used as substrates. The extent of conversion of raw bagasse (cellulose, 50%; hemicellulose, 25%; lignin, 19%) was observed as 52% (w/w) and 79% (w/w) in the case of mild alkali and steam-treated bagasse (cellulose, 72%; hemicellulose, 11%; lignin, 12%), respectively. Use of bagasse concentration above 10 g/L showed a decreased rate in ethanol production. An inoculum age between 28-30 h and cell mass content of 0.027-0.036 g/L (dry basis) were used. The results obtained with raw and pretreated bagasse have been compared with those of highly pure Solka Floc (hemicellulose, 10%). Studies on the product inhibition indicated a linear fall of the percent of survivors with time. An Arrhenius type correlation between the cell decay rate constant and the product concentration was predicted. Even at low levels, the inhibitory effects of products on cell viability, the specific growth rate, and extracellular cellulase enzyme were observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250418
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Process for large-scale isolation of β-galactosidase from E. coli in an aqueous two-phase system (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1789-1800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A method suitable for large-scale isolation of β-galactosidase from a suspension of disintegrated E. coli cells has been developed. In an aqueous two-phase system consiting of PEG 6000 and potassium phosphate, all cell debris and the major part of the proteins and nucleic acids were partitioned to the denser salt phase. Seventy-five percent of the β-galactosidase was recovered in the lighter PEG phase, giving a purification ratio of about 12.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250709
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of hydrolysis, oxidation, and adsorption during olive oil degradation by activated sludge (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1829-1839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Kinetics of the degradation of olive oil by an acclimated activated sludge were studied. Kinetic constants for the lipid removal from the mixed liquor and for that from the supernatant and for the hydrolysis step were evaluated using Michelis-Menten equations. The maximum specific reactions rates (vmax) and the saturation constants (Km) were vmax = 1.20 mg lipid mg-1 MLVSS day-1 and Km = 1290 mg/L for lipid removal from the mixed liquor; vmax = 1.54 mg lipid mg-1 MLVSS day-1 and Km = 801 mg/L for that from the supernatant; vmax = 1.57 mg olive oil mg-1 MLVSS day-1 and Km = 1750 mg/L for the hydrolysis of olive oil (where MLVSS refers to mixed liquor volatile suspended solids). The adsorption of olive oil by the activated sludge contributed to the lipid removal from the supernatant. The specific rate of this adsorption was also estimated. The hydrolysis, rather than the oxidation of free fatty acids, was the rate limiting step in the degradation of olive oil when the concentration of olive oil was lower than about 800 mg/L.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250712
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of oxygen removal on hydrogen photoproduction in algae (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1897-1904 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Hydrogen photoproduction from water in Scenedesmus cells requires removal of oxygen by a reagent in contact with the algae. Both deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin stimulated hydrogen production by reversible absorption of oxygen. Their effectiveness was greatly increased when other oxygen-combining reagents were present in a separate chamber with deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin serving as reversible oxygen transfer agents.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250716
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of protein distribution in budding yeast (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1295-1310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Flow cytometry is a fast and sensitive method that allows monitoring of different cellular parameters on large samples of a population. Protein distributons give relevant information on growth dynamics, since they are related to the age distribution and depend on the law of growth of the population and the law of protein accumulation during the cell cycle. We analyzed protein distributions to evaluate alternative growth models for the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to monitor the changes in population dynamics that result from environmental modifications; such an analysis could potentially give parameters useful in the control of biotechnological processes. Theoretical protein distributions (taking into account the unequal division of yeast cells and the exponential law of protein accumulation during a cell cycle) quantitatively fit experimental distributions, once appropriate variability sources are introduced. Best fits are obtained when the protein threshold required for bud emergence increases at each new generation of parent cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250510
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of biomas and β-D-galactosidase by Candida pseudotropicalis grown in continuous culture on whey (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1341-1357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The production of biomass and β-D-galactosidase by the lactose-utilizing yeast Candida pseudotropicalis NCYC 744 in whey medium was studied. Apparent optimization of growth conditions and medium was done in continuous culture. Optimaql pH and temperature were 2.6 and 36-38°C, respectively, Limitations in Cu, Zn, and possbily Mn were detected in deproteinized whey medium. Additions of tryptophan estimulated growth of the yeast. Under optimal conditions in medium supplemented with excess tryptophan, Cu, Zn, and Mn the maximum values obtained: yeast concentration, 4.6 g/L; yeast productivity, 1.4 g/L h (at D = 0.35 h-1); enzyme volumetric productivity, 2100 U/L h (at D = 0.25 h-1); maintenance coefficient, 5-10 mg lactose/g cell h; saturation constant (Ks) for lactose, 4.76mM; maximum specific growth rate, (μmax), 0.47 h-1. No significant increase in specific enzyme activity (U/mg cell) was observed after medium optimiztion evidencing the importance of regulatory controls in enzyme synthesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250514
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxygen electrode dynamics: Three-layer model - chemical reaction in the liquid film (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1401-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A general model of the transient behaviour of an oxygen probe is derived on more general assumptions than those previously considered. The present state of the art is shorly discussed in its relation to the newly derived equations: (1) the reducibility of the three-layer diffusional model to two-layer ones is discussed, and the two-layer model considering the membrane and the liquid film is verified experimentally, (2) experimental and theoretical treatments of transient probe characteristics determination are examined, and (3) the influence of chemical reactions of the first order as well as of zero order (microorgaganism respiration) in measured media on transientd probe characteristics is quantified.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250518
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A model for noninhibitory microbial growth (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 37-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A model for noninhibitory microbial growth has been developed which is superior to the Monod model in that it can predict the decline in steady-state growth yields at both the slow and the fast specific growth rates. The model parameters are evaluated from data obtained for steady-state, phenol-limited Pseudomonas putida growth using a conventional 1-dm3 cheniostat. The model also has been successfully applied to Mor and Fiechter's data for cheniostat yeast cultures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240105
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two-stage continuous fermentation of Saccharomycopsis fibuligeria and Candida utilisApproved by the Director of the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station as Research Paper No. 8254. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2641-2651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Biomass production and carbohydrate reduction were determined for a two-stage continuous fermentation process with a simulated potato processing waste feed. The amylolytic yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera was grown in the first stage and a mixed culture of S. fibuligera and Candida utilis was maintained in the second stage. All conditions for the first and second stages were fixed except the flow of medium to the second stage was varied. Maximum biomass production occurred at a second stage dilution rate, D2, of 0.27 h -1. Carbohydrate reduction was inversely proportional to D2, between 0.10 and 0.35 h -1.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251112
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the criticism of “some measurements of photosynthetic efficiency” (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2775-2776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251118
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the relation of temperature and RNA content to the specific growth rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2785-2788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251120
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conversion of organic acids to h2 by Rhodospirillaceae grown with glutamate or dinitrogen as nitrogen source (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2843-2853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Axenic cultures of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Rhodomicrobium vannielii grown with glutamate as the nitrogen source converted lactate, acetate, and butyrate to H2 and CO2. Conversion rates ranged from 100 to 926 mL H2 Lr-1 day-1 (where Lr is the reactor contents), and efficiencies varied from 23 to 100% When grown with N2, conversion rates up to 760 mL H2 Lr-1 day-1 and efficiencies up to 100%were achieved. Upon aging, cultures appear to rapidly increase in hydrogen uptake activity and furthermore decrease in nitrogenase activity, both factors leading to a slowdown of hydrogen production. This was particularly the case for diazotrophically grown photobacteria.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251203
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer rates in non-newtonian fermentations by confining mycelial growth to microbeads in a bubble column (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2873-2887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The performance of a penicillin fermentation was assessed in a laboratory-scale bubble column fermentor, with mycelial growth confined to the pore matrix of celite beads. Final cell densities of 29 g/L and penicillin titres of 5.5 g/L were obtained in the confined cell cultures. In comparison, cultures of free mycelial cells grown in the absence of beads experienced dissolved oxygen limitations in the bubble column, giving only 17 g/L final cell concentrations with equally low penicillin titres of 2 g/L. The better performance of the confined cell cultures was attributed to enhanced gas liquid mass transfer rates, with mass transfer coefficients (kLa) two to three times higher than those determined in the free cell cultures. Furthermore, the confined cell cultures showed more efficient utilization of power input for mass transfer, providing up to 50% reduction in energy requirements for aeration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251206
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature profiles of ethanol tolerance: Effects of ethanol on the minimum and the maximum temperatures for growth of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1665-1667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250620
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose to ethanol using Penicillium funiculosum cellulase and free or immobilized Saccharomyces uvarum cellsNCL Communication No.: 3073 (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1679-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: No. Abstract.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250623
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anaerobic treatment of raw domestic sewage at ambient temperatures using a granular bed UASB reactor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1701-1723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Results obtained in a 120 liter 2 m high UASB-reactor with raw domestic sewage and using a granular sugar beet waste cultivated seed sludge, reveal the feasibility of this type of anaerobic treatment for domestic sewage. Under dry weather conditions 65-85% COD reduction can be achieved at temperatures in the range of 8-20°C and at hydraulic loads as high as 2 m3 · m-3 · day-1. In the case of heavy rainfall the COD-reduction drops to 50-70% and occasionally, viz.at very low influent COD, even below 50%. The net methane production amounts to 7.1-7.3 m3 · PE-1 · year-1, and the excess sludge production ranges form 5.0-8.6 kg TS · PE-1 · year-1. Regarding the results obtained anaerobic treatment of raw sewage not only looks an attractive proposition for tropic areas but also for moderate climatic areas.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250703
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and phosphate uptake of a high phosphate accumulating bacterium, Arthrobacter globiformis PAB-6 in continuous culture (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1781-1788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A high phosphate accumulating bacterium, Arthrobacter globiformis PAB-6, was grown in a chemostat under glucose-limitation. Two different growth patterns at steady state with various dilution rates were obtained. In one case, cells having a coccus shape tended to washout at a low dilution rate, 0.2 (h-1). In another, cells with a rod shape grew faster and gave a good steady-state growth at a dilution rate of 0.4. Such a close relationship between growth rate and cell morphology was found both in continuous and batch cultures. The amount of phosphate uptake per cell mass was almost constant irrespective of the dilution rate, but the rate of the uptake was maximum at about the dilution rate of 0.4. A clone of PAB-6 was isolated from the continuous culture with high dilution rate and had maximum specific growth rate of 0.7 in a simple glucosesalt medium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250708
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modeling of experiments on biofilm penetration effects in a fluidized bed nitrification reactor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1841-1861 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A four-component, diffusion-reaction model with double Michaelis-Menten kinetics was used to describe the experimental data obtained from a laboratory biofilm, fluidized-bed nitrification reactor. Theory and experiment demonstrated that the stoichiometric ratio (3.5 mg O2/mg NH4+-N) can be employed as a criterion to determine whether the limiting substrate is oxygen or ammonia. For the present work, in the range of concentrations where limitation occurred, 4 mg/L NH4+-N and 14 mg/L O2, the ratio of oxygen to ammonia in the bulk liquid determined which substrate was penetration-limiting - O2 if 〈3.5 and NH4+ if 〉 3.5. Halforder kinetics with respect to the limiting substrate described the apparent overall rates. Simulations provided biofilm concentration profiles which demonstrated the role of the oxygen-ammonia ratio. Experiments indicated that, generally, high NO2- concentrations can be expected. These depend on the residence time, biofilm area, and oxygen concentration. This dependency was investigated with the model, as was the parametric sensitivity with respect to the saturation constants. Particularly important for the NO2- levels were the ratios of the saturation constants for oxygen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250713
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some effects of metal ions on the estimation of reducing sugars in biological media (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1905-1911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250717
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new sensor - the “filtration Probe” -  for quantitative characterization of penicillin fermentation. III. An automatically operating probe (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1981-1987 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The filtration characteristics of the penicillin broth can be monitored semicontinuously using an automatic filtration probe. This probe operates aseptically and the broth samples (filtrate and filter cake) are recycled to the fermentor after each filtration. The collected data - filtrate volume and filter cake volume versus filtration time - can be related to the total biomass concentration in the fermentor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250808
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improving immobilized biocatalysts by gel phase polymerization (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1995-2006 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new method is presented for the treatment of gel-type supports, used for immobilizing microbial cells and enzymes, to obtain high mechanical strength. It is particularly useful for ethanol fermentation over gel beads containing immobilized viable cells, where the beads can be ruptured by gas production and the growth of cells within the gels. This method consists of treating agar or carrageenan gel with polyacrylamide to form a rigid support which retains the high catalytic activity characteristic of the untreated biocatalysts. The size and shape of the biocatalyst is unaffected by this treatment. The method involves the diffusion of acrylamide, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and β-dimethylaminopropionitrile (or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine) into the performed biocatalyst beads followed by the addition of an initiator to cause polymerization within the beads. Treated gels have been used for the continuous fermentation of glucose to ethanol in a packed column for over two months. During this operation, the gel beads maintained their rigidity, and the maximum productivity was as high as 50 g h-1 L-1 gel. There was no appreciable decay of cell activity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250810
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of ethanol and other alkanols on the ammonium transport system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2085-2089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250817
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prevention of phosphate interference in HPLC sugar analysis studies (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2091-2092 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250818
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Competition between two microbial populations in a nonmixed environment: Effect of cell random motility (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2103-2125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In a nonmixed environment, bacterial population growth can be influenced significantly by cell motility properties as well as by growth kinetic properties. Therefore, in a situation of competition between two bacterial populations for a single chemical nutrient in a nonmixed environment, the outcome may depend upon the respective cell motility properties. In this article, the authors have presented a simple mathematical model for competitive growth of two randomly motile (i.e., possessing no chemotactic behavior) populations in a finite nonmixed region. An understanding of the behavior of this model should provide insight into the behavior of a number of common microbial competition problems. Analysis of this model yields the following results: (1) There may be as many as three possible non-trivial steady-state (or long-time) configurations: when species 1 survives, species 2 dies out; when species 2 survives, species 1 dies out; and species 1 and species 2 coexist. (2) The coexistence state can exist even though one species possesses a smaller intrinsic growth rate constant at all nutrient concentrations, if that same species is sufficiently less motile than the other species. (3) In fact, the species with the smaller maximum specific growth rate may grow to a larger population than the other. (4) The possibility of coexistence can be decided essentially from the results for single population growth.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250902
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enzyme immobilization by the coulomb force (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2209-2219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new immobilization technique has been developed. It involves immobilizing enzymes on a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane with a nonporous polyurethane coat by the use of an electrostatic force, i.e. the Coulomb force. The immobilized enzyme can be recovered by supplying a reversed electrical potential. The reaction characteristics of the immobilized amyloglucosidase were studied using maltose as a substrate. The Michaelis constant becomes larger than that of the native enzyme, and depends on the electrical potential gradient in the solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250907
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of sugars from wood using high-pressure hydrogen chloride (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2757-2773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Saturating wood particles with HCl gas under pressure was found to be an effective pretreatment prior to subjecting wood to dilute acid hydrolysis. Pretreament is necessary to release sugars from wood because of the tight lattice structure of cellulose. The HCl gas makes the cellulose more susceptible to subsequent acid hydrolysis and the glucose yield is doubled when dilute acid hydrolysis is preceded by HCl saturation at high pressure. The saturation was most effectively performed in a fluidized bed reactor, with pure HCl gas fluidizing an equal volume of ground wood plus inert particles. The fluidized bed effectively dissipated the large amount of heat released upon HCl absorption into the wood. Batch reaction times of 1 h at 315 psia gave glucose yields of 80° and xylose yields of 95° after dilute acid hydrolysis. A model was developed which proposed gas diffusing through the solid as limiting the reaction rate and this was found to effectively describe the HCl-wood reaction in the fluidized bed. The HCl was found to form a stable adduct with the lignin residue in the wood, in a ratio of 3.33 mole of lignin monomer. The adduct was broken upon the addition of water.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251117
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