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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of corporate control and mandatory bids
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Review of Law and Economics 12 (1992), S. 497-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-8188
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0144-8188(92)90024-L
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth simulation ofHansenula polymorpha (1981)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1981), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Using the model presented in part I, the measured time and spacial variations of process variables were simulated with satisfactory accuracy. Especially the experimentally found minima of the longitudinal dissolved oxygen concentration profiles in the substrate limiting growth range, which are caused by the transition from oxygen transfer limited to substrate limited growth along the tower, can be simulated with great accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00703043
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth simulation of Hansenula polymorpha (1981)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1981), S. 90-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Cultivation of Hansenula polymorpha with substrate ethanol in a bench-scale tower loop reactor was simulated by means of a distributed parameter model with regard to the dissolved oxygen and substrate in the medium, oxygen and CO2 in the gas phase, and a lumped parameter model with regard to the cell mass. Space and time independence of the substrate and oxygen limiting constants of the Monod model, KS and KO, was assumed. Time variations of the yield coefficients, YX/S and YX/O, were allowed for.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499694
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate effects in tower loop reactors (1981)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1981), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Hansenula polymorpha was cultivated in a bubble column loop bioreactor employing ethanol and/or glucose as substrates. By varying the substrate concentration, the cultivations were carried out in non-limited, substrate limited and oxygen transfer limited growth ranges. The influence of the transitions from one range to another on reactor performance (OTR,k L a, a) and cell productivity (γ) were investigated. When employing ethanol as a substrate, the concentration considerably influences the fluid dynamics, mass transfer phenomena and cell productivity. When employing glucose as a substrate, glucose repression occurs. At high glucose concentrations no transition into the oxygen transfer limited growth is possible. The ethanol produced during the glucose repression influences the fluid dynamics, mass transfer phenomena and productivity. With decreasing glucose concentration the glucose repression can be gradually eliminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01970036
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of Hansenula polymorpha in tower loop reactors (1981)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1981), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Hansenula polymorpha was cultured for extended periods in an air lift tower loop reactor (15 cm in diameter with a 275 cm bubbling layer height) with ethanol and/or glucose as the substrates. At constant operation conditions variations of the following parameters were measured: the consumption of the substrate and oxygen, the production of CO2 and biomass, the longitudinal concentration profile of dissolved oxygen, the oxygen and substrate yield coefficients, the respiratory quotient and the specific interfacial area and volumetric mass transfer coefficient. The influence of the microorganisms on the oxygen transfer rate is discussed especially in the case of glucose repression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00518049
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the structure of two-phase flows in bubble column bioreactors (1981)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1981), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Spacial, mean and Sauter bubble diameters, local mean gas holdups and specific interfacial area profiles were evaluated in bench scale bubble column reactors with a model medium and during the cultivation of a yeast,Hansenula polymorpha, on ethanol and glucose substrates. The results indicate that the spacial variation of these properties in most of the column (with the exception of the aerator zone) is slight. These two-phase system can therefore be characterized by local values measured in the column. The variation in the mean and Sauter bubble diameters, the specific interfacial area, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, the oxygen transfer rate and the biomass concentration were determined during cultivation as functions of time and substrate concentration. There is a close relationship between system properties measured in both model and cultivation media. However, during cultivation, small bubbles are formed which gradually accumulate in the medium. This causes a significant increase in the specific geometric interfacial area. A comparison of this area with the corresponding volumetric mass transfer coefficient indicates that only part of this area is active with regard to oxygen transfer. The active mass transfer area can be evaluated by disregarding small bubbles with diameters of less than 0.8 mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008334
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of mass-transfer parameters and process simulation of SCP production process in airlift tower reactors with an external loop (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 817-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A distributed parameter model for simulation of SCP-production processes in tower reactors with an outer loop was developed by considering substrate, cell, and CO2 balances in the liquid phase, and O2 and CO3 balances in the ges phase and taking into account variations of dissolved oxygen concentration, pressure, and kLa along the column, as well as double substrate Monod kinetics. This model was used to describe the cultivation of Hansenula polymorpha in a tower-loop reactor (height 275 cm, diameter 15 cm). Parameter identification and process simulation were carried out by a hybrid computer. The variation of identified mass transfer parameters with fermentation time and operation mode is considered employing ethanol and glucose substrate, respectively. Relationships among kLa, substrate concentration, and superficial gas velocity were developed to facilitate the layout and simulation of pilot-plant reactors.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240406
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process optimization of a continuous airlift tower-loop reactor (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1851-1869 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on the experimental investigations with H. polymorpha and Methylomonas M 15 in bench-scale airlift tower-loop reactors, a general distributed parameter model was developed and used to simulate to cultivation process in a 40-m-high production reactor. This general model was simplified with regard to the gas phase and loop balances and was employed to optimize cell productivity and/or profit in a 20-m-high pilot-plant airlift tower-loop reactor. Maximum cell productivity always occurs in the oxygen-transfer-limited growth range. In case of a high “penalty factor” for nonconsumed substrate, maximum profit is attained at the boundary between substrate and oxygen-transfer-limited growth. Oxygen-transfer limitation exists in the lower half of the tower, whereas in the upper half, substrate limitation prevails. The longitudinal dissolved oxygen concentration passes a minimum in this case as has been determined experimentally in the bench-scale column. The simulation results agree fairly well with the data measured in the pilot plant.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240811
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  • 9
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    Cultivation of Hansenula polymorpha in tower loop reactors (1981)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0171-1741
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Growth simulation of Hansenula polymorpha (1981)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0171-1741
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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