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  • BIOSCIENCES  (378)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • 1970-1974  (630)
  • 1972  (630)
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  • 1970-1974  (630)
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  • 1
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    Biomedical experiments. Part A: Biostack experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The biostack experiment is described which was designed to study the biologic effects of individual heavy nuclei of galactic cosmic radiation during space flight outside the magnetosphere of the earth. Specifically, the biostack experiment was designed to promote research on the effects of high energy/high Z particles of galactic cosmic radiation on a broad spectrum of biologic systems, from the molecular to the highly organized and developed forms of life. The experiment was considered unique and scientifically meritorious because of its potential yield of information - currently unavailable on earth - on the interaction of biologic systems with the heavy particles of galactic cosmic radiation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 2
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    Surveyor 3: Bacterium isolated from lunar retrieved television camera (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Microbial analysis was the first of several studies of the retrieved camera and was performed immediately after the camera was opened. The emphasis of the analysis was placed upon isolating microorganisms that could be potentially pathogenic for man. Every step in the retrieval of the Surveyor 3 television camera was analyzed for possible contamination sources, including camera contact by the astronauts, ingassing in the lunar and command module during the mission or at splashdown, and handling during quarantine, disassembly, and analysis at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 239-248
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  • 3
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    Microbial response to space environment, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The performance of the microbial response to space environment experiment is considered excellent by all investigators. For most microbial systems, only preliminary survival data are available at this time. None of the available data indicate space flight-mediated changes in cell viability or recovery. One quite important observation has been made at this early date, however. The eggs produced after mice had been infected with N. dubius larvae demonstrated a significant decrease in hatchability when compared to identical ground controls. Except for the fact that the Apollo 16 flight larvae had been on board the command module, treatment of the flown larvae and ground control larvae was the same; neither had been exposed to UV irradiation. The significance and implications of this finding are currently being studied.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 4
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    Visual light flash phenomenon, part C (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 mission provided the opportunity to obtain additional data on the characteristics and frequency of the light flashes and also provided the first opportunity to obtain a direct physical record of incident cosmic ray particles with the Apollo light flash moving emulsion detector (ALFMED). The ALFMED is an electromechanical device that is worn on the head like a helmet and supports cosmic radiation-sensitive emulsions around the head of the test subject. Two light flash observation sessions were conducted during the mission: one during translunar coast and the second during transearth coast. Characteristics of the light flashes observed and reported by the Apollo crew members were generally similar to those reported on previous missions. Analyses of the ALFMED emulsion plates are proceeding as scheduled, although results are not yet available. The ALFMED results should provide conclusive evidence establishing the correlation, if any, between the incident cosmic ray particles and the perception of light flashes as reported by Apollo crew members.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 5
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    In-flight aeroacoustic environments on prospective space shuttle vehicles (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The problem of in-flight aerodynamic noise has been studied by reliable estimates of full scale surface-pressure fluctuations from scale model tests in wind tunnels. Scaling relationships have been verified, and many details of the fluctuating pressure characteristics such as spatial correlation and convection velocities are understood. The effects of the wind tunnel environmental turbulence and noise have also been investigated sufficiently so that threshold levels of usable data are known.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA Space Shuttle Technol. Conf.; p 71-96
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  • 6
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    Microbiological sampling of returned Surveyor 3 electrical cabling (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A piece of electrical wiring bundle running from the television camera to another part of the spacecraft was selected for microbiological examination. Sampling methods are discussed. The results presented show that no viable microorganisms were recovered from the part of the Surveyor 3 cable which was tested. Factors that could have contributed to the sterility of the cable are thermal vacuum testing, natural dieoff, change in pressure during launch, and lunar vacuum and temperature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 248-251
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  • 7
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    Summary and future plans (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 121-133
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  • 8
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    Piloting and operational aspets of the F-8 supercritical wing airplane (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 97-110
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  • 9
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    Status of the F-8 supercritical wing program (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 49-58
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  • 10
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    F-8 supercritical wing pressure distribution evaluation (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 71-84
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  • 11
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    Buffet characteristics of the F-8 supercritical wing airplane (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 85-96
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  • 12
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    The NASA supercritical airfoil and its application to swept wings (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 1-12
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  • 13
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    Evolution of the F-8 supercritical wing configuration (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 35-48
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  • 14
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    Helicopter crew/passenger vibration sensitivity - (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Helicopter crew and passenger vibration sensitivity are presented. Pilot subjective ratings are established for discrete frequencies and the impact of combinations of harmonic frequencies is examined. A passenger long term comfort level and a short term limit are defined for discrete frequencies and compared with pilot ratings. The results show reasonable agreement between pilot and passenger. Subjective comfort levels obtained for mixed frequency environments clearly demonstrate the need for a multi-frequency criterion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Symp. on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 143-153
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  • 15
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    EBF noise tests with engine under-the-wing and over-the-wing configurations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Noise tests of externally blown flaps with the engine under the wing and engine over the wing configurations were conducted. Flap noise data obtained on a TF-34 aircraft are discussed. Noise data obtained during a free-jet forward-speed-effect analysis are presented. Noise sources associated with upper surface flap blowing are described. Results of a small scale configuration screening study and some large scale model test data are analyzed. The noise data for the engine over wing configurations are compared with the engine under the wing configurations.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 455-473
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  • 16
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    Flap noise generation and control (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: The characteristics of aerodynamic noise generated by the interaction of an airstream with a flap surface are discussed. The location and behavior of various noise sources were investigated to determine optimal quieting techniques. A schematic diagram of the jet-flap concepts being considered for integrated-powered-lift systems for short takeoff aircraft is shown. Each of the concepts has in common high velocity turbulent air flowing over relatively rigid surfaces with resultant production of interaction noise. The nature, location, and control of noise sources which involve the interactions of air flows with airfoil surfaces are examined.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 413-426
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  • 17
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    Acoustic characteristics of large-scale STOL models at forward speed (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Wind-tunnel investigations of the acoustic characteristics of the externally blown jet flap (EBF) and augmentor wing STOL concepts are discussed. The large-scale EBF model was equipped with a triple-slotted flap blown by four JT15D turbofan engines with circular, coannular exhaust nozzles. The large-scale augmentor wing model was equipped with an unlined augmentor blown by a slot primary nozzle. The effects of airspeed and angle of attack on the acoustics of the EBF were small. Flap deflection had a greater effect on the acoustics of the augmentor wing than did airspeed. The total sound power was also significantly higher for landing indicating that turning in the augmentor generated acoustic energy. Airspeed produced a small aft shift in acoustic directivity with no significant change in the peak perceived noise levels or sound power levels. Small-scale research of the acoustics for the augmentor wing has shown that by blowing an acoustically treated augmentor with a lobed primary nozzle, the 95-PNdb noise level goal can be achieved or surpassed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 443-454
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  • 18
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    Externally blown flap impingement noise (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Tests of the noise produced by the impingement of the jet exhaust on the wing and flap for an externally blown flap system were conducted with a CF700 turbofan engine and an F-111B wing panel. The noise produced with a daisy nozzle installed on the engine was greater than that produced by a conical nozzle at the same thrust. The presence of the wing next to the test nozzles increased the noise, as did increasing the flap deflection angle. Compared with the conical nozzle, the daisy nozzle produced slightly less noise at a flap deflection of 60 deg but produced more noise at the lower flap deflections tested. Tests showed that the single-slotted flap deflected 60 deg, produced less noise than the double-slotted flaps. Also, maintaining the maximum distance between the exit nozzle and flap system resulted in a minor reduction in noise.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 427-441
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  • 19
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    Survey of wing and flap lower-surface temperatures and pressures during full-scale ground tests of an externally blown flap system (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Full-scale ground tests of an externally blown flap system were made using the wing of an F-111B airplane and a CF700 engine. Pressure and temperature distributions were determined on the undersurface of the wing, vane, and flap for two engine exhaust nozzles (conical and daisy) at several engine power and engine/wing positions. The tests were made with no airflow over the wing. The leading-edge wing sweep angle was fixed at 26 deg, the angle of incidence between the engine and the wing was fixed at 3 deg, and the tests were conducted with the flap retracted, extended and deflected 35 deg, and extended and deflected 60 deg. The integrated local pressures on the undersurface of the flap produced loads approximately three times as great at the 60 deg flap position as at the 35 deg flap position. With both nozzle configurations, more than 90 percent of the integrated pressure loads were contained within plus or minus 20 percent of the flap span centered around the engine exhaust centerline. The maximum temperature recorded on the flaps was 218 C (424 F) for the conical nozzle and 180 C (356 F) for the daisy nozzle.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 143-156
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  • 20
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    Simulator evaluation of the flying qualities of externally blown flap and augmentor wing transport configurations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Concurrent simulations of powered-lift STOL transport aircraft having either an externally blown flap configuration or an augmentor wing configuration were conducted. The following types of simulators of varying sophistication were used: (1) a simple fixed-base simulation with a simple visual display, (2) a more complex fixed-base simulation using a realistic transport cockpit and a high-quality visual display, and (3) a six-degree-of-freedom motion simulator that had a realistic transport cockpit and a sophisticated visual display. The unaugmented flying qualities determined from these simulations were rated as unacceptable for both the externally blown flap and augmentor wing configurations. The longitudinal, lateral-directional, and single-engine-failure characteristics were rated satisfactory with extensive augmentation, including pitch and roll command systems, flight-path (or speed) augmentation, turn coordination, and effective yaw damping. However, the flare and landing characteristics from any approach glide-path angle in excess of 4 deg were rated as unsatisfactory but acceptable.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 157-800
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  • 21
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    Aerodynamics of the upper surface blow flap (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: The results of some preliminary wind-tunnel investigations made to provide fundamental aerodynamic information on the upper surface blown jet-flap concept incorporating high-bypass-ratio turbofan engines are summarized. The results of the investigation have shown the concept to have aerodynamic performance generally similar to that of other externally blown high-lift systems. A few of the more critical problems associated with this concept have been identified and preliminary solutions to some of these problems have been found. These results have proven to be sufficiently encouraging to warrant continuation of fundamental research efforts on the concept.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center STOL Technol.; p 97-110
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  • 22
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    Advanced augmentor-wing research (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Results of research on advanced augmentors are discussed. Research concerned with performance has indicated that: (1) augmentors with lobe-type nozzles give higher thrust augmentation than those with slot-type primary nozzles, (2) the thrust of augmentor wings at forward speed is greater than that of internally blown flaps for the speed range of interest, and (3) the optimum augmentor geometry at forward speed may be different from the optimum static geometry. Analysis of augmentor-wing data has shown that the data may be correlated by accounting for the augmentation and entrainment in defining a net thrust coefficient.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 87-96
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  • 23
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    Aerodynamic characteristics of a swept augmentor wing (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: A brief outline of augmentor wing research sponsored by Ames Research Center is presented and is followed by a discussion of large-scale wind-tunnel test results for a swept augmentor wing configuration. The results showed that the augmentor wing could be applied to high-speed swept wing designs with little adverse effect on either the basic performance of the augmentor or the longitudinal characteristics, including maximum lift and stall. Three lateral control devices were shown to be effective and ground effect was measured for several complete aircraft configurations.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 71-86
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  • 24
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    Aerodynamic loads measurements on externally blown flap STOL models (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Small-scale-model data have shown large static loads on the flap system behind the engines. The large-scale-model tests confirmed the magnitude of these loads and indicated that the relative loading of each flap element depends on the engine-wing-flap geometry. Flap response measurements indicated that the unsteady pressure loading excited the natural vibration modes of the flap system on this model. Since this was a boilerplate model, the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the possibility of large vibration loads must be considered for a flight-weight structure. The similarity of the unsteady pressure and flap response spectra for the wind-off and wind-on cases indicated that it may be possible to realistically test flight-weight flap structures on a static test stand rather than endure the extra costs and scheduling problems associated with large-scale wind-tunnel tests. There is a potential flap-temperature problem which if not resolved might preclude the use of materials such as aluminum and the composites in the flap structure.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 121-130
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  • 25
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    Aerodynamic and performance characteristics of externally blown flap configurations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: The application of externally blown flaps for improving the performance of short takeoff aircraft is discussed. The characteristics of externally blown flap powered lift are examined. A method for predicting the aerodynamic performance of a particular externally blown flap configuration is presented. The following specific effects are analyzed: (1) induced aerodynamics, (2) static turning, (3) flap span and deflection, and (4) engine size and chord flap.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 43-54
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  • 26
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    Stability and control of externally blown flap configurations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: The results of wind-tunnel investigations on the stability and control characteristics of externally blown jet-flap configurations are presented. Conventional wind-tunnel tests and free-flight model tests have shown that longitudinal trim and stability can be achieved by a properly located horizontal tail of sufficient size, and that lateral trim in the engine-out condition can be produced by combinations of differential flap, spoiler, and rudder deflection. Free-flight model tests have revealed a lightly damped Dutch roll lateral oscillation, and have shown that the oscillation can be stabilized by use of artificial damping.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 55-70
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  • 27
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    Reduction of wave drag by antisymmetric arrangement of wings and bodies. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The wave interference effects for bodies or wings in a mirror-symmetric arrangement, and in an antisymmetric arrangement are discussed. It is shown that while in the case of a mirror-symmetric arrangement large adverse interference effects can be observed, antisymmetric arrangements provide comparatively much smaller wave drags. The single continuous wing panels also adapt themselves more readily to varying angles of obliquity, and hence, to varying flight speeds. A detailed review is presented of the previous work on the aerodynamic properties and flight stability of oblique elliptic wing combinations. A possible mode of application of these combinations to transport aircraft operating at moderate supersonic speeds is suggested.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Feb. 197
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  • 28
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    Impact probe displacement in a supersonic turbulent boundary layer. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The experiment was performed on the test section sidewall in a supersonic pressure tunnel. The boundary layer at the test station was surveyed in turn by each of 8 impact probes ranging in size from about 1.3 to 48 mm. The impact pressures measured by these probes were combined with the test section static pressure to calculate Mach numbers. Probe displacement effects were evaluated in terms of these Mach number values.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Apr. 197
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  • 29
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    Effects of transverse outflow from a hypersonic separated region. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Features of hypersonic, finite-span separated flows with a turbulent boundary layer have been studied to provide a partial assessment of transverse outflow effects on separated flowfield characteristics. Results demonstrate the critical importance of transverse outflow in determining some of the characteristic features of a turbulent, separated boundary layer.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Apr. 197
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  • 30
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    Cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors and coronary hemodynamics in the conscious dog during hypoxic hypoxia. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The mechanisms by which acute hypoxia (10% and 5% oxygen) mediates changes in coronary blood flow and cardiac function were investigated in the conscious dog. When the dogs breathed hypoxic gas mixtures through a tracheostomy, both arterial and coronary sinus oxygen tensions were significantly decreased. With 5% oxygen, there were significant increases in heart rate (25%), maximum left ventricular dP/dt (39%), left circumflex coronary artery blood flow (163%), and left ventricular oxygen consumption (52%), which were attenuated by beta-adrenergic blockage with propranolol. When electrical pacing was used to keep the ventricular rate constant during hypoxia, there was no significant difference in coronary blood flow before and after beta blockade. Beta-adrenergic receptor activity in the myocardium participates in the integrated response to hypoxia although it may not cause active vasodilation of the coronary vessels.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Apr. 197
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  • 31
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    Turbulent-wake calculations with an eddy-viscosity model. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple eddy-viscosity model is shown to make it possible to calculate numerically the mean properties of a turbulent wake. Although the structure of the Reynolds stress terms is not resolved, the results obtained are adequate for predicting velocity profiles and displacement thicknesses.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Feb. 197
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  • 32
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    Effects of pentobarbital on plasma glucose and free fatty acids in the rat. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Hyperglycemia and hypolipemia were observed in rats after the injection of sodium pentobarbital. The observed changes were independent of whether the blood was collected by decapitation or by needle puncture of the aorta. The hyperglycemic response was caused by two factors including the stress of the injection per se and the pharmacological action of the drug. Hyperlipemia was observed at 5 min postinjection. However, pentobarbital decreased plasma free fatty acids by 15 min postinjection. Both the hyperglycemia and hypolipemia responses were dose dependent.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine; vol. 139
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  • 33
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    Effect of stratified inequality of blood flow on gas exchange in liquid-filled lungs. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This investigation set out to answer two questions: (1) are the distal alveoli in the terminal lung units less well perfused than the proximal alveoli, i.e., is there stratification of blood flow; and (2) if so, does this enhance gas exchange in the presence of stratified inequality of ventilation. Excised dog lungs were ventilated with saline and perfused with blood. Following single inspirations of xenon 133 in saline and various periods of breath holding, the expired xenon concentration against volume was measured and it confirmed marked stratified inequality of ventilation under these conditions. By measuring the rate of depletion of xenon from alveoli during a period of blood flow, we showed that the alveoli which emptied at the end of expiration had 16% less blood flow than those exhaling earlier. However, by measuring the xenon concentration in pulmonary venous blood, we found that about 10% less tracer was transferred from the alveoli into the blood when the inspired xenon was stratified within the respiratory zone. Thus while stratification of blood flow was confirmed, it was shown to impair rather than enhance the efficiency of gas transfer.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 34
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    Viruslike particles in the tissues of normal and gamma-irradiated Drosophila melanogaster. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A new finding of viruslike particles in the salivary and accessory glands, muscles, and nerves of normal and gamma-irradiated Drosophila melanogaster is discussed. In morphology and size, the particles seemed identical to those described in earlier reports. On the basis of the available results, it cannot be affirmed that these particles infect only dividing cells, since they are found in all the Drosophila tissues so far examined. Their relation to the aging process is felt to be an interesting subject for further study.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology; 19; Jan. 197
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  • 35
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    Shock-wave, turbulent boundary-layer interaction on a blunted compression surface. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The application of Rose's (1970) analytical method to the study of a shock wave interacting with a turbulent layer on a blunted compression surface is described. Only those details of the method that specifically apply to the case under consideration are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; Apr. 197
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  • 36
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    Effects of exposing rats to 100% oxygen at 450 and 600 mm Hg on in vitro liver and adipose tissue lipid synthesis. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Male rats (260-285 gm) were exposed to 100% oxygen at 450 or 600 mm Hg for 1 to 4 days. Rats maintained at 450 mm Hg ate 92% the amount of food eaten by ad libitum controls maintained at sea level conditions. At 600 mm Hg, the food intake was 77% of the ad libitum controls. No difference was found in the plasma level of glucose, free fatty acids, and corticosterone between oxygen exposed rats and their respective pair-fed controls. The in vitro conversion of acetate into fatty acids by adipose tissue from rats exposed at 450 mm Hg for 2, 3, or 4 days was significantly increased above pair-fed controls and ad libitum controls. Increasing the oxygen pressure to 600 mm Hg abolished this increase, and in fact, reversed the increased synthesis to a significant decrease for the 4-day exposure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Mar. 197
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  • 37
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    Urological considerations in space medicine. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Urological problems encountered during the preparation phases of Biosatellite III, flight of Bonny the Space Monkey, are detailed. The solution to each problem is detailed. The catheter system employed, antibiotic coverage used, and bacteria encountered in the urine of the five animals are detailed. Urinary calcium levels in three ground based animals are illustrated. Testicular alterations encountered in all animals are mentioned. It is concluded that space flights of duration beyond nine days may present serious problems of a urological nature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Mar. 197
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  • 38
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    Organic molecules in space. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Examination of the question of chemical evolution. Observational evidence for the occurrence of some organic compounds in space is presented, and the likely existence of more complex molecules which are as yet undetected or unidentified is pointed out. This implies that massive solid objects, i.e., planets and asteroids, were accumulated from material which already contained a variety of organic compounds. The objects or regions of the galaxy studied are comets, interstellar space, prestellar nebulae, and cool stellar atmospheres.
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  • 39
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    Potential targets in the search for extraterrestrial life. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discussion of the potential for increasing understanding of the origins of terrestrial life by examination of other planets. If living organisms should be found on another planet, they could only have been transported from an inhabited planet or originated independently. The fundamental chemical and structural attributes of terrestrial organisms are so remarkably uniform that any living forms outside the terrestrial blueprint would almost certainly be regarded as alien organisms. It has been shown experimentally by various investigators that life can exist in an extremely wide range of temperatures and pressures. The presence of an atmosphere appears to be necessary.
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  • 40
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    Planetary atmospheres. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study of the composition of the atmospheres of the planets. Their wide variety is of interest in view of the fact that all nine planets were probably formed at the same time and out of the same chemically homogeneous mixture of gas and dust, i.e., the primitive solar nebula. The most likely explanation for this diversity in composition seems to be that the planetary atmospheres have undergone important evolutionary changes during their history of about 4.5 billion years. The early history of the earth's atmosphere is reviewed, as well as that of Venus and Mars. The most interesting aspect of Jupiter is that its present atmosphere seems to be composed of the same gases, hydrogen, methane, and ammonia, out of which the first living organisms are believed to have been synthesized on the earth.
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  • 41
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    Ultrastructure of Pseudomonas saccharophila at early and late log phase of growth. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of the fine structure of Pseudomonas saccarophila at the early log phase and the late log phase of growth, such as shown by electron microscopy with the aid of various techniques of preparation. The observations reported suggested that, under the experimental conditions applied, P. saccharophila multiplies by the method of constrictive division.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 109; Feb. 197
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  • 42
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    Distribution and significance of carbon compounds on the moon. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Exploration of available information concerning carbon on the moon, following review of what is known about carbon on the earth, and consideration of the results of studies of meteorites, which have provided the first direct clues about extraterrestrial carbon. Carbon and carbon isotope composition data taken from Apollo 11 samples are tabulated. Carbon compounds produced by pyrolysis, extracted with benzene-methanol, extracted with water, and freed by acid treatment are discussed. Carbon and carbon compounds in lunar rocks and soils appear to be distributed heterogeneously.
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  • 43
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    Measurements of skin friction on the wall of a hypersonic nozzle. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Direct skin friction measurements obtained on the wall of a Mach 19.8 nozzle are presented. These measurements of skin friction and values deduced from the profile data are compared with predictions from a finite difference theory and also with several 'flat-plate' prediction methods for skin friction.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Sept
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  • 44
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    The presence of P700 in chloroplast fragments prepared by short time incubation with Triton X-100. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 275; 1972
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  • 45
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    Lactate dehydrogenase from an extremely thermophilic bacillus. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Archiv fuer Mikrobiologie; 85; 1972
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  • 46
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    Taylor instability in the shock layer on a Jovian atmosphere entry probe. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Investigation of the Taylor instability relative to the dynamical instability whose presence in the shock layer on a spacecraft entering the Jovian atmosphere is to be expected because of the difference in velocity across the shear layer. Presented calculations show that the Taylor instability at the interface between shock-heated freestream gas and ablation products is inconsequential in comparison to the shear layer instability.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; Sept
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  • 47
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    Transition in compressible free shear layers. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The transition Reynolds number for shear layers produced by interactions between weak and strong shock waves is determined on the basis of experiments performed in a 20-in. (Mach 6) and an 11-in. (Mach 6.9) hypersonic tunnel. A variable angle wedge was used to generate a planar shock wave which interacted with the bow wave of a blunt body. An average value of the transition length (defined as the length along the shear layer from the shock interaction to the point where turbulence became visible on schlieren photographs) was used to determine the transition Reynolds number.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; Aug. 197
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  • 48
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    Correlations of peak heating in shock interference regions at hypersonic speeds. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Correlations are given of measured pressure and heat-transfer peaks for shock/boundary-layer interactions and shear layer attachment on configurations with both two- and three-dimensional interactions. The peak values were obtained from an investigation of shock interference heating on hemispheres, a 30-deg included angle wedge, and a 2.54-cm-diam cylindrical leading-edge fin model. The investigation covers data for Mach numbers of 6 and 20 over freestream Reynolds numbers ranging from (3.3 to 25.6) million per meter, and specific heat ratios of 1.4 and 1.67.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; Aug. 197
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  • 49
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    The effect of angle of attack on boundary-layer transition on cones. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Boundary-layer transition on 5- and 15-deg half-angle cones was studied as a function of angle of attack (ranging from 0 to 20 deg) in a 3.5 ft hypersonic wind tunnel at a freestream Mach number of 7.4. It is shown that the influence of the angle of attack on the transition Reynolds number is a function of the meridian angle. On the windward ray of the 15-deg cone, transition Reynolds numbers show an initial slight increase and then a decrease with increasing angle of attack; leeward-ray Reynolds numbers for this cone decrease rapidly with angle of attack. Windward-ray transition Reynolds numbers increase monotonically with angle of attack on the 5-deg cone, but the effect of the angle of attack on the leeward ray is the same as for the 15-deg cone.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Aug. 197
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  • 50
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    Disproportional changes in hematocrit, plasma volume, and proteins during exercise and bed rest. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The interrelationships between the changes in plasma volume, hematocrit, and plasma proteins during muscular exercise and bed rest were investigated. Proportionally, the changes in hematocrit are always smaller than the changes in plasma volume. For this reason changes in the concentration of blood constituents can only be quantitated on the basis of plasma volume changes. During short periods of intensive exercise, there was a small loss of plasma proteins. With prolonged submaximal exercise there was a net gain in plasma protein, which contributes to stabilization of the vascular volume. Prolonged bed rest induced hypoproteinemia; this loss of plasma protein probably plays an important role in recumbency hypovolemia.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; July 197
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  • 51
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    Computation of transonic flow about finite lifting wings. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of Murman and Krupp (1971) are used to develop a procedure for computing a transonic flow about a finite lifting wing. A small disturbance equation describing the velocity potential of three-dimensional wings is solved in the process. The procedure is applied to a wing with a symmetric biconvex airfoil section in a zero-incidence subsonic flow, to a supersonic rectangular lifting wing with a sharp leading edge and to a subcritical nonlifting rectangular wing with a blunt leading edge.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; July 197
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  • 52
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    Subsonic, transonic, and supersonic nozzle flow by the inverse technique. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The inverse technique is used to obtain a mathematically and physically consistent solution of the flowfield in a nozzle from the mass generation surface through the supersonic region. The inverse method employs an assumed centerline function which is of the Cauchy type in that the values and the derivatives of the function are known. Since the Cauchy boundary conditions can give rise to numerical instabilities, the governing gasdynamic equations for rotational steady flow were transformed into a form which puts the geometry into a rectangular shape, and which spaces the network of interior points more finely in regions of the greatest gradients of the dependent variables. For arbitrarily specified centerline data, the solution of the governing flow equations may not exist, and if it does it may not depend continuously on the data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; June 197
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  • 53
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    Influence of contraction section shape and inlet flow direction on supersonic nozzle flow and performance. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Wall static pressure measurements and performance parameters are presented for axisymmetric supersonic nozzles with relatively steep convergent sections and comparatively small radius-of-curvature throats. The nozzle walls were essentially adiabatic. These results are compared with those obtained in other nozzles tested previously to appraise the influence of contraction shape on performance. Both the flow coefficient and the thrust were less than the corresponding values for one-dimensional, isentropic, plane flow for both the axial and radial inflow nozzles considered, but the specific impulse, the most important performance parameter, was found to be relatively unchanged. The thrust decrement for the axial inflow nozzles was established primarily by the shape of the contraction section, and could be estimated reasonably well from a conical sink flow consideration. The radial inflow nozzle has a potential advantage from a cooling point of view if used in a rocket engine.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; June 197
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  • 54
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    Cone transitional boundary-layer structure at Me = 14. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experimental results suggest that the boundary-layer mean profiles in hypersonic flows may be highly transitional in the outer part of the boundary layer before the transition process is detected at the surface. Means of determining the initial location where the transition process begins in the outer part of the boundary layer are considered.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; May 1972
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  • 55
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    Aerodynamic properties of spherical balloon wind sensors. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A first-order theory of the fluctuating lift and drag coefficients associated with the aerodynamically induced motions of rising and falling spherical wind sensors is developed. The equations of motion of a sensor are perturbed about an equilibrium state in which the buoyancy force balances the mean vertical drag force. It is shown that, to within first order in perturbation quantities, the aerodynamic lift force is confined to the horizontal, and the fluctuating drag force associated with fluctuations in the drag coefficient acts along the vertical. The perturbation equations are transformed with Fourier-Stieltjes integrals. The resulting equations lead to relationships between the power spectra of the aerodynamically induced velocity components and the spectra of the fluctuating lift and drag coefficients.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 11; Apr. 197
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  • 56
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    Multiple-orifice liquid injection into hypersonic air streams. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of oblique water and fluorocarbon injection test results obtained in experimental studies of the effects of multiple-orifice liquid injection into hypersonic air streams. The results include the finding that maximum lateral penetration from such injections increases linearly with the square root of the jet-to-freestream dynamic-pressure ratio and is proportional to an equivalent orifice diameter.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Dec. 197
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  • 57
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    Lee-side vortices on delta wings at hypersonic speeds. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A fluid-dynamic investigation was carried out to determine the cause of intense heating observed on the lee meridian of hypersonic delta wings and also to derive means for its suppression. Several experimental techniques were combined with analysis of extensive heat-transfer measurements at a freestream Mach number of six in a range of Reynolds number to acquire a general description of the lee-flow structure. With attached leading-edge flow on the delta wings, the dominant feature is a pair of embedded vortices on the lee meridian whose interaction with the boundary-layer is responsible for the observed local heating. On the basis of flow visualization results and heat-transfer correlations, a qualitative vortex flow model is proposed which differs essentially from the conventional inboard separation vortex model.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Nov. 197
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  • 58
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    Circadian rhythm asynchrony in man during hypokinesis. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Posture and exercise were investigated as synchronizers of certain physiologic rhythms in eight healthy male subjects in a defined environment. Four subjects exercised during bed rest. Body temperature (BT), heart rate, plasma thyroid hormone, and plasma steroid data were obtained from the subjects for a 6-day ambulatory equilibration period before bed rest, 56 days of bed rest, and a 10-day recovery period after bed rest. The results indicate that the mechanism regulating the circadian rhythmicity of the cardiovascular system is rigorously controlled and independent of the endocrine system, while the BT rhythm is more closely aligned to the endocrine system.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; Nov. 197
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  • 59
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    Method for analyses of cyclic physiological data that are nonstationary in time. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The proposed method of studying biologic rhythms permits the biologist to view physiological data dynamically without assuming that the data are stationary in time. Vector representation of data points is employed, and the summation of the vectors (train of vectors) produces a summation dial that is able to detect dynamic changes in the time of the peak as well as random walks (arrhythmia).
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; Nov. 197
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  • 60
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    Properties of phosphoribulokinase from Thiobacillus neapolitanus. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 112; Oct. 197
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  • 61
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    Studies of the electron transport chain of extremely halophilic bacteria. VIII - Respiration-dependent detergent dissolution of cell envelopes. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 282; 1972
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  • 62
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    Simplification of the wing-body interference problem. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 9; Oct. 197
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  • 63
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    Isolation of a polyvalent bacteriophage for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Aerobacter aerogenes. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Virology; 9; May 1972
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  • 64
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    Lipid composition of growing and starving cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Missing abstr.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 111
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  • 65
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    Escape conditioning and low-frequency whole-body vibration - The effects of frequency, amplitude, and controls for noise and activation. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Seven experiments are reported on low-frequency whole-body vibration and rats' escape conditioning in a modified Skinner box. In the first three studies, conditioning was observed but was independent of frequency. In experiment four, the number of escape responses was directly related to vibration amplitude. Experiment five was a control for vibration noise and noise termination; experiments six and seven studied vibration-induced activation. Noise termination did not produce conditioning. In experiment six, subjects made more responses when responding led to termination than when it did not. In experiment seven, subjects preferred a bar which terminated vibration to one which did not.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Psychonomic Science; 27; May 10
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  • 66
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    Isolation and characterization of ultraviolet light-sensitive mutants of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Three independently isolated ultraviolet light sensitive (uvs) mutants of Anacystis nidulans were characterized. Strain uvs-1 showed the highest sensitivity to UV by its greatly reduced photoreactivation capacity following irradiation. Pretreatment with caffeine suppressed the dark-survival curve of strain uvs-1, thus indicating the presence of excision enzymes involved in dark repair. Under 'black' and 'white' illumination, strain uvs-1 shows photorecovery properties comparable with wild-type cultures. Results indicate that strains uvs-1, uvs-35, and uvs-88 are probably genetically distinct UV-sensitive mutants.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 110; June 197
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  • 67
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    Exobiology, Jupiter and life. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent experiments in an environmental chamber have shown that not even hardy terrestrial bacteria can survive on the Martian surface. The planet Jupiter is now considered by many to be the most likely place to find nonterrestrial life. Atmospheric simulation experiments for Jupiter that have been performed involve spark or semicorona discharges in mixtures of methane and ammonia at room temperature and a pressure lower than atmospheric. Terrestrial microorganisms have been shown capable of surviving 24 hr under a range of possible Jovian atmospheric conditions. The final mode of approach to the question of Jovian life concerns theoretical studies on the sort of chemical systems from which life could be generated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Spaceflight; 14; June 197
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  • 68
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    Acute changes in the central nervous system of monkeys exposed to protons. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study of the changes occurring in simian brain exposed to protons of varied energy, given in wide dose and dose-rate ranges. Results show that inflammatory reaction and glycogen accumulation in astrocytes occurred practically in all animals. Cerebral cortical necrosis, granule cell pyknosis, and inflammatory reaction occurred at doses far lower than effective for high-energy gamma radiation given other series of monkeys at comparable dose rates. Metallic impregnation, carried out in virtually all the animals tested, revealed a wide variation in glial response even at equal doses and dose rates in the same proton energy series. Proton energy effect, dose effect, dose-time effect, and dose-rate effect were evident in the various morphological categories investigated, but inconsistencies were encountered.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology; 31; Jan. 197
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  • 69
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    Oblique shock-sound interaction at a freestream Mach number of about 20 in helium. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Detailed experimental measurements of the characteristics and level of pre- and postshock disturbances obtained for typical disturbance modes and shock angles are presented to aid in the evaluation of transition studies conducted in 'noisy' hypersonic wind tunnels. The presented data suggest that the shock is probably generating total temperature fluctuations in a fashion directly related to shock strength. Since in high supersonic and hypersonic flows the total temperature fluctuations are mainly contained in velocity fluctuations, it may be concluded that the predominant disturbances generated are vorticity as long as the postshock flow is at a sufficiently high Mach number.-
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Dec. 197
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  • 70
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    Comparative anatomy of the vestibular nuclear complex in submammalian vertebrates. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A synopsis of the literature on the natural history of the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) in lower vertebrates is presented in an attempt to assess the knowledge available. The review discloses that there is considerable descriptive information that is widely dispersed in the literature. However, information about the topology, number, and cellular composition of the cell groups that compose the VNC is sketchy. Major cytological and hodological information is still needed to establish which parts of the VNC actually are homologous.
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    Search for biogenic structures and viable organisms in lunar samples - A review. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An attempt is made to summarize the examinations and tests of the lunar samples to date and point out the limitations and tentative conclusions regarding the biology of the moon. The low levels of organic carbon, the lack of hydrous minerals, and inability to hold an atmosphere all make it unlikely that the moon could provide sufficient sources of organics and water to generate even the rudimentary beginnings of chemical precursors to life.
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  • 72
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    Solvent effects on enzymes - Implications for extraterrestrial life. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of several studies on the alterations taking place in the structure, catalytic activity, specificity, and stability of an enzyme when some or all of the water in the medium is replaced by another solvent. These studies show the utility of solvents as a tool for probing enzyme function. They also suggest that solvents other than water should be investigated as media for controlling and directing enzyme reactions.
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  • 73
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    Evolution of ribonuclease in relation to polypeptide folding mechanisms. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Comparisons of the N-terminal region of pancreatic RNAase in seven species are presented, taking into account cow, bison, deer, rat, pig, kangaroo, and turtle. The available limited evidence on hypervariable regions indicates that there is still an evolutionary constraint on them. It is proposed that there is a selection pressure acting on all regions of a protein sequence in evolution. Mutations that tend to obstruct the folding process can lead to various intensities of selection pressure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 240; Dec. 15
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  • 74
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    Thyroid and adrenal cortical rhythmicity during bed rest. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of prolonged bed rest on adrenocortical and thyroid function were assessed in eight healthy males, aged 20-40 years, who were submitted to bed rest for 56 days on a 14L:10D regimen (lights-on, 9:00 AM). Four of these subjects exercised three times daily throughout the experiment. Circulating cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine, concentrations were determined in blood samples drawn at four hourly intervals for 48-hr periods before, 10, 20, 30, 42, and 54 days during, and 10 days post-bed rest. Significant fluctuations in the circulating levels of all three hormones occurred with peaks at 7:30 AM. The suggestion is advanced that thyroid rhythms may be posture dependent.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; Nov. 197
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  • 75
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    A salt-inhibited cytochrome c reductase obtained from the moderately halophilic bacterium, Micrococcus halodenitrificans. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 112; Oct. 197
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  • 76
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    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration-U.S. Public Health Service Health Evaluation and Enhancement Program - Summary of results. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An exercise program was initiated in a federal agency to assess the feasibility of such a program, and to identify the factors that influenced joining, adherence to, and effectiveness of the program. The program was utilized by 237 of the 998 eligible federal employees; mean attendance rate was 1.3 days/week. Those who volunteered perceived a need for increased physical activity, believed they had sufficient time to participate and derived subjective as well as objective benefits. Significant improvements were found in heart rate response to the standard exercise test, body weight, skinfold measurements and triglyceride levels.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: American Journal of Cardiology; 30; Nov. 197
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  • 77
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    Turbulent bursts and rings on a cone in helium at Me = 7.6. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of data obtained on turbulent burst geometry and growth characteristics for cone boundary-layer transition in a helium wind tunnel at a boundary-layer edge Mach number (Me) of 7.6. Detailed data concerning turbulent spot geometry and downstream propagation velocities were obtained using a spark schlieren system with sequential spark capability. In one particular test evidence of a symmetrical turbulent burst ring was obtained; all other bursts developed in a singular random manner. Profiles of the apparent outer edges of the bursts were obtained, and the velocities of the leading and trailing edges of the bursts relative to the local velocity were determined. The velocities of the leading and trailing edges were found to be fairly consistent for each observation, with the leading edge of the burst traveling at about local edge velocity, while the trailing edge moved supersonically relative to local speed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Oct. 197
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  • 78
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    Radiative and convective heating during Venus entry. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Determination of the stagnation region heating of probes entering the Venusian atmosphere. Both convective and radiative heat-transfer rates are predicted, and account is taken of the important effects of radiative transport in the vehicle shock layer. A nongray radiative transport model is utilized which parallels a four-band treatment previously developed for air (Page et al., 1969), but includes two additional bands to account for the important CO(4+) molecular band system. Some comparisons are made between results for Venus entry and results for earth entry obtained using a viscous earth entry program.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Oct. 197
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  • 79
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    Natural aging and radiation-induced life shortening in Drosophila melanogaster. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development; 1; 1972
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  • 80
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    Studies of the electron transport chain of extremely halophilic bacteria. VII - Solubilization properties of menadione reductase. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Biological Chemistry; 247; May 25
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  • 81
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    Chemical evolution and the origin of life - Bibliography supplement 1970. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 82
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    'Thunder' - Shock waves in pre-biological organic synthesis. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Theoretical study of the gasdynamics and chemistry of lightning-produced shock waves in a postulated primordial reducing atmosphere. It is shown that the conditions are similar to those encountered in a previously performed shock-tube experiment which resulted in 36% of the ammonia in the original mixture being converted into amino acids. The calculations give the (very large) energy rate of about 0.4 cal/sq cm/yr available for amino acid production, supporting previous hypotheses that 'thunder' could have been responsible for efficient large-scale production of organic molecules serving as precursors of life.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 83
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    Neuropathological evaluation of monkeys exposed to body-alone X-radiation. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Investigation of the problem of whether morphological changes occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) following whole-body irradiation are attributable in part to abscopal factors. The 12 monkeys irradiated and the 6 that served as controls were chosen from a pool of 25 young monkeys. Over the postirradiation survival period of 14 days the hematocrit and hemoglobin values varied only slightly from the baseline values and from the values in the 6 control animals. White cell fractions were reduced in quantity but tended to recover relatively soon after irradiation. The design of this experiment was regarded as adequate to allow a conclusion whether pathological changes in the CNS of the irradiated animals differed from or exceeded those observed in the control animals. That such occurred on both counts in 3 of the 12 irradiated animals was evident. It appears that all the lesions must have been abscopally induced.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 84
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    The influence of clinostat rotation on the fertilized amphibian egg. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study in which unrestrained, fertilized eggs of Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis were rotated in a plane parallel to the normal gravity vector. In R. pipiens rotation at 1/4 rpm for five days at 18 C produced a significantly increased number of commonly occurring abnormalities. Rotation at 1/15, 1/8, 1, 2, 5 and 10 rpm did not significantly affect normal development. X. laevis eggs reacted similarly. R. pipiens eggs were most sensitive to rotation at 1/4 rpm when exposure was initiated before first cleavage. Mixing of intracellular constituents apparently occurred only at 1/4 rpm in R. pipiens (of the clinostat speeds studied), and may have been the cause of the increased abnormality observed at this rate.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 85
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    Brain tumors in irradiated monkeys. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study was made of 32 monkeys which survived one to seven years after total body exposure to protons or to high-energy X rays. Among these 32 monkeys there were 21 which survived two years or longer after exposure to 200 to 800 rad. Glioblastoma multiforme developed in 3 of the 10 monkeys surviving three to five years after receiving 600 or 800 rad 55-MeV protons. Thus, the incidence of tumor development in the present series was far higher than the incidence of spontaneously developing brain tumors in monkeys cited in the literature. This suggests that the tumors in the present series may have been radiation-induced.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Acta Neuropathologica; 20; 1972
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  • 86
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    A common modality of action of simulated space stresses on the oxidative metabolism of ethylmorphine, aniline and p-nitroanisole by male rat liver. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High gravity, cold and starvation elicited similar responses in male Simonson rats. These responses included a decreased rate in body weight gain, increased metabolism of aniline and p-nitroanisole, and no consistent pattern of change in the metabolism of ethylmorphine. Cold and starvation increased the amount of hepatic cytochrome P-450, while hypobaric-hyperoxia caused no change in any of the parameters measured. When 1% acetone was given to the rats in their drinking water, the effects on drug metabolism were similar to those produced by food restriction in that the metabolism of aniline and p-nitroanisole was increased, and the metabolism of ethylmorphine unchanged. The type I binding spectrum of acetone suggests that it is either a substrate, inhibitor, or both for hepatitic oxidative enzymes.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology; 21; 1972
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  • 87
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    Nutrition and Musculoskeletal Function: Skylab Experiment Series Number M070 (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: The M070 experiments are expected to give medical investigators precise information on a variety of biochemical changes occurring during exposure to space flight. Sufficient control data are being generated by baseline studies to differentiate those effects that are caused by weightless flight and those that are caused by other abnormal conditions that normally accompany spaceflight.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 10 p
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  • 88
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    Development of Sensitive and Direct Methods for Measuring Plasma Aldosterone and Catecholamine Concentrations (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: Radioimmunoassays for renin activity, angiotensin 1, and angiotensin 2 in the study of vasomotor regulation give new insight into the role of the renin system in maintaining postural homeostatsis. Similar laboratory procedures for specific assays of aldosterone and catecholamines achieve accurate determinations in small human blood samples.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 12 p
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  • 89
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    Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, and Vitamin D (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: Analyses of secretion of parathyroid hormone during tests of stimulation and suppression of hormone-secretory activity using infusions of EDTA and calcium, respectively, have established that, in contrast to previous views, secretion of the hormone is not autonomous in many patients that have adenomatous hyperparathyroidism, but is responsive to changes in blood-calcium concentration. These findings have led to a new understanding of the pathophysiology of hormone production in hyperparathy-roidism. A related application of the diagnostic use of the radioimmunoassay is the preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors and the distinction between adenomas and chief-cell hyperplasia. Work involving catheterization and radioimmunoassay of blood samples obtained from the subclavin and innominate veins and the venae cavae, led to localization in a high percentage of patients. However, this procedure has been adopted recently to detect hormone concentration in the small veins directly draining the parathyroid glands.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 28 p
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  • 90
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    Studies of the Renin-aldosterone System and Sodium Homeostasis During Simulated Weightlessness: Application of the Water Immersion Model to Man (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: The ability of water immersion to reproducibly suppress renin and aldosterone and to produce a significant natriuresis in man during weightlessness simulation is proven. It is concluded that the water immersion model constitutes a useful tool for elucidating the mechanism of natriuresis occurring during manned space flight and the specific countermeasures for use in its management.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 13 p
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  • 91
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    The NASA-USPHS Health Evaluation and Enhancement Program (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: An exercise program was initiated to assess the feasibility of an on the job health evaluation and enhancement program, as well as to identify the factors which influenced volunteering, adherence, and effectiveness of the program. The program was utilized by 237 of the 998 eligible Federal employees, with a mean attendance of 1.3 days per week. Those who volunteered perceived a need for increased physical activity, felt they had sufficient time to participate, and derived subjective as well as objective benefits. Significant improvements were found in heart rate response to the standard exercise test, body weight, skinfold measurements, and triglycerides. A consistent relationship was found between subjectively reported effects of the program on work, health habits, and behavior, and improvement in cardiovascular function, based on treadmill performance. Numerous personal and programmatic factors influencing volunteering and participation were identified.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Ann. Conf. of NASA Clinic Directors, Environ. Health Offic. and Med. Program Advisors; p 173-195
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  • 92
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    Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone Levels in Ground Based Studies (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Baseline values of immunoreactive ACTH were established in the normal healthy adult. Normal levels of ACTH secretion were determined for both the male and the female in circulating plasma and serum. The data obtained in these studies are particularly significant in that the sampling was carefully controlled; only healthy employed individuals of both sexes were tested in a routine work situation that would not be considered conducive to stress. It has been found that alterations in the classically described circadian rhythm of ACTH secretion can occur when activities (such as work/rest cycles) are imposed on the individual studied. These changes can be demonstrated even when there is no appreciable change noted in the rhythm of hydrocortisone secretion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 9 p
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  • 93
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    Estimation of Vasopressin Excretion in the Urine as a Method of Monitoring Vasopressin Secretion During Space Flight (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: It is demonstrated that, under the circumstances of space flight, the measurement of plasma ADH levels might be misleading and that only the urinary ADH levels provide reliable information. The results of a partially completed survey of ADH levels in urine samples from human subjects in which simultaneous plasma ADH levels were available are included.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 12 p
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  • 94
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    The Medical Aspects of Space Flight Seen from the Viewpoint of Nuclear Medicine (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Radionuclide volume measurements performed on crews of selected Apollo missions indicate the following: (1) Invariably, there is a small drop in red-cell mass of the returning crewmembers; (2) plasma-volume decreases similar to those experienced during bedrest are found in crewmen of short Gemini missions. After longer missions, the plasma-volume decrease is no longer present; (3) extracellular- and total-body water changes prove that spaceflight weight loss includes actual tissue losses; and (4) the loss of total-body exchangeable potassium after the Apollo 15 mission is evidence of increased aldosterone secretion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 8 p
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  • 95
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    Urinary Excretion of Antidiuretic Hormone in Man (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: It is shown that urinary excretion of ADH can be detected readily and quantitated accurately. The ADH excretion in normal subjects is inhibited following the administration of a water load and stimulated following water deprivation. It appears that measurement of ADH excretion in man provides a means of quantitating alterations in neurohypophyseal ADH secretion. By determining not only the basal excretion of ADH but also the response to such physiological influences as water loading and dehydration, it becomes possible to study the dynamics of ADH release. Thus, the ability to extract ADH efficiently from urine combined with a sensitive and specific technique for determination of ADH concentration allows the exploration of regulatory systems for ADH control in the normal state as well as the etiological role of altered ADH secretion in clinical disorders of water balance.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 15 p
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  • 96
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    Endocrine Laboratory Results Apollo Missions 14 and 15 (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Endocrine/metabolic responses to space flight have been measured on the crewmen of Apollo missions 14 and 15. There were significant biochemical changes in the crewmen of both missions immediately postflight. However, the Apollo 15 mission results differed from Apollo 14 and preflight shown by a normal to increased urine volume with slight increases in antidiuretic hormone. Although Apollo 15 was the first mission in which the exchangeable potassium measurement was made (a decrease), results from other missions were indicative of similar conclusions.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 21 p
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  • 97
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    Apparent paradoxical patterns of anaerobic glycolysis and hexokinase activity in the red blood cells of acutely bled rats, with evidence that the responses were in part hormone-dependent. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Journal of Haematology; 23; Oct. 197
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  • 98
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    Cinemicrographic study of the development of subsurface colonies of Staphylococcus aureus in soft agar. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 24; Nov. 197
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  • 99
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    Calculation of metric coefficients for streamline coordinates. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A procedure is given for deriving the equations describing the surface streamline metric in a general form and in a form suitable for incorporation into computer codes to calculate an inviscid flow about three-dimensional bodies. Sample results are included to show the application of the metric in conjunction with an axisymmetric analog to predict heat transfer to a typical space shuttle orbiter.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 10; Nov. 197
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  • 100
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    Secondary jet interaction with emphasis on outflow and jet location. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Data were obtained concerning a model which utilized a two-dimensional sonic jet. It was found that outflow and jet location significantly influence the magnitude and behavior of the secondary jet interaction forces. Continued refinements in jet interaction analyses which do not account for outflow are of limited usefulness in the design of control systems for supersonic and hypersonic vehicles. The jet total back pressure ratio increases with either jet pressure ratio or freestream Mach number.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; Nov. 197
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