ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Maps  (2)
  • Other Sources  (2,008)
  • 2020-2024  (2,010)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1955-1959
  • 1945-1949
  • 2022  (2,010)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
Year
Branch Library
Reading Room Location
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Bergordnung Herzog Siegmund von Österreich für Schwaz (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-02
    Description: Diese Bergordnung wurde am 26. Juli 1449 für die Bergwerke in Schwaz von Herzog Siegmund von Österreich, Steiermark und Kärnten sowie Herr zu Krain und Pfirt, Graf zu Tirol und Kyburg, Landgraf zu Elsaß und Markgraf zu Burgau erlassen. Grundlage war ein 38 Paragrafen umfassendes Gutachten das von Herzog Siegmund mit einer zwölf Paragrafen umfassenden Bestätigung als Bergordnung in Kraft gesetzt wurde. Erklärt wurden das Gerichtswesen, die Holzrechte, die Entlohnung und Versorgung der im Bergbau Beschäftigten sowie die Rechte und Pflichten der Markscheider.
    Description: source
    Keywords: Herzog Siegmund von Österreich ; Österreich ; Steiermark ; Kärnten ; Tirol ; Elsaß ; Gossensaß ; Meran ; Schwaz ; Freundsberg, Burg ; Arlberg ; Brenner ; Silberbergbau ; Bergordnung
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , updatedVersion
    Format: 13
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Plasmoids in the Jovian Magnetotail: Statistical Survey of Ion Acceleration Using Juno Observations (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-12
    Description: Transient magnetic reconnection plays an important role in energetic particle acceleration in planetary magnetospheres. Jupiter's magnetosphere provides a unique natural laboratory to study processes of energy transport and transformation. Strong electric fields in spatially confined structures such as plasmoids can be responsible for ion acceleration to high energies. In this study we focus on the effectiveness of ion energization and acceleration in plasmoids. Therefore, we present a statistical study of plasmoid structures in the predawn magnetotail, which were identified in the magnetometer data of the Juno spacecraft from 2016 to 2018. We additionally use the energetic particle observations from the Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument which discriminates between different ion species. We are particularly interested in the analysis of the acceleration and energization of oxygen, sulfur, helium, and hydrogen ions. We investigate how the event properties, such as the radial distance and the local time of the observed plasmoids in the magnetotail, affect the ion intensities close to the current sheet center. Furthermore, we analyze if ion acceleration is influenced by magnetic field turbulence inside the plasmoids. We find significant heavy ion acceleration in plasmoids close to the current sheet center which is in line with the previous statistical results based on Galileo observations conducted by Kronberg et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026553). The observed effectiveness of the acceleration is dependent on the position of Juno in the magnetotail during the plasmoid event observation. Our results show no correlation between magnetic field turbulence and nonadiabatic acceleration for heavy ions during plasmoids.
    Description: Key Points: Intensity of heavy ions is strongly increased during plasmoids close to the current sheet center. Significant increase of heavy ion intensities is observed in plasmoids with larger wave power. Acceleration of heavy and light ions in plasmoids due to resonant interaction with the magnetic field fluctuations could not be observed.
    Description: Volkswagen Foundation (VolkswagenStiftung) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001663
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: NASA
    Description: https://pds-ppi.igpp.ucla.edu/
    Keywords: ddc:523 ; plasmoids ; Juno ; JEDI ; ion acceleration
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Moderate and Severe Hydrological Droughts in Europe Differ in Their Hydrometeorological Drivers (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-12
    Description: Hydrological extreme events are generated by different sequences of hydrometeorological drivers, the importance of which may vary within the sample of drought events. Here, we investigate how the importance of different hydrometeorological driver sequences varies by event magnitude using a large sample of catchments in Europe. To do so, we develop an automated classification scheme for streamflow drought events. The classification scheme standardizes a previous qualitative drought typology and assigns events to one of eight drought event types—each characterized by a set of single or compounding drivers—using information about seasonality, precipitation deficits, and snow availability. The objective event classification reveals how drought drivers vary not just in space and by season, but also with event magnitude. Specifically, we show that (a) rainfall deficit droughts and cold snow season droughts are the dominant drought event type in Western Europe and Eastern and Northern Europe, respectively; (b) rainfall deficit and cold snow season droughts are important from autumn to spring while snowmelt and wet‐to‐dry season droughts are important in summer; and (c) moderate droughts are mainly driven by rainfall deficits while severe events are mainly driven by snowmelt deficits in colder climates and by streamflow deficits transitioning from the wet to the dry season in warmer climates. These differences in sequences of drought generation mechanisms for severe and moderate events suggest that future changes in hydrometeorological drivers may affect moderate and severe events differently.
    Description: Key Points: We develop a standardized and objective classification scheme for streamflow droughts using hydroclimatic information. The most severe drought events are governed by other processes than moderate events. Moderate droughts are dominated by rainfall deficits and severe droughts by snowmelt deficits or prolonged rainfall deficit droughts.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: EC/H2020/PRIORITY 'Excellent science'/H2020 European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/02_srvcs/21_tmsrs/riverdischarge_node.html
    Description: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.887470
    Description: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview
    Description: http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/77114d4dfdfd4dd39e0e1d99165f27b3
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; drought types ; drought generation ; extremes ; typology ; classification ; streamflow
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Groundwater Responses to Earth Tides: Evaluation of Analytical Solutions Using Numerical Simulation (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-12
    Description: Harmonic Earth tide components in well water levels have been used to estimate hydraulic and geomechanical subsurface properties. However, the robustness of various methods based on analytical solutions has not been established. First, we review the theory and examine the latest analytical solution used to relate well water levels to Earth tides. Second, we develop and verify a novel numerical model coupling hydraulics and geomechanics to Earth tide strains. Third, we assess subsurface conditions over depth for a range of realistic properties. Fourth, we simulate the well water level response to Earth tide strains within a 2D poroelastic layered aquifer system confined by a 100 m thick aquitard. We find that the non‐linear inversion of analytical solutions to match two observations (amplitudes and phases) to multiple unknown parameters is sensible to the initial guess. We reveal that undrained, confined conditions are necessary for the analytical solution to be valid. This occurs for the dominant M2 frequency at depths 〉50 m and requires specific storage at constant strain of Sϵ ≥ 10−6 m−1, hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard of kl ≤ 5 ⋅ 10−5 ms−1 and aquifer of ka ≥ 10−4 ms−1. We further illustrate that the analytical solution is valid in unconsolidated systems, whereas consolidated systems require additional consideration of the Biot modulus. Overall, a priori knowledge of the subsurface system supports interpretation of the groundwater response. Our results improve understanding of the effect of Earth tides on groundwater systems and its interpretation for subsurface properties.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Earth tide induced strains in the subsurface lead to well water level fluctuations in groundwater monitoring wells. This groundwater response has been interpreted with analytical solutions to estimate aquifer properties. However, analytical solutions are based on simplified assumptions whose accuracy have not yet been tested. We develop a new approach to simulate the influence of Earth tides on groundwater based on fundamental physical principles. We simulate realistic conditions and compare our results to those from analytical solution to determine the hydraulic and subsurface conditions under which simplified interpretations are valid. Our results improve understanding of the effects of Earth tides on groundwater systems and interpretation of subsurface properties from well water levels.
    Description: Key Points: We develop and verify a numerical model for the well water level response to Earth tides. Subsurface property estimation requires undrained and confined conditions occurring at depths 〉50 m. Amplitudes and phases from numerical and analytical solutions systematically diverge reflecting theory simplifications.
    Description: German Research Council
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6950492
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; tidal subsurface analysis ; numerical modeling ; Earth tides
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen - GMIT 90 (2022)
    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-09
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2022 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: Klimagerechte Geowissenschaften Glaubwürdigkeit und Vorbild, GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Würdigungen, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; GMIT
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
    Format: 132
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Kompensation des Schutzguts Boden in Planungs- und Genehmigungsverfahren (2022)
    Landesamt für Geologie und Bergbau Rheinland-Pfalz
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-10
    Description: manual
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; Rheinland-Pfalz ; Hessen ; Bodenschutz ; Raumplanung
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
    Format: 68
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Digitization of imaging plates from Guinier powder X‐ray diffraction cameras (2022)
    Nasir, Jamal ; Steinbrück, Nils ; Xu, Ke ; [et al.]
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-15
    Description: A Guinier camera equipped with an imaging plate is used to investigate and eliminate the sources of instrumental errors affecting the quality of the obtained scanned Guinier data. A program with a graphical user interface is presented which converts the data of the scanned images into different standard file formats for powder X‐ray patterns containing intensities, their standard deviations and the diffraction angles. The program also allows for manual and automatic correction of the 2gθ scale against a known reference material. It is shown using LaB6 that the exported X‐ray diffraction patterns provide a 2gθ scale reproducible enough to allow for averaging diffractograms obtained from different exposures of the imaging plate for the same sample. As shown on a mixture of NaCl and sodalite, the quality of the produced data is sufficient for Rietveld refinement. The software including source code is made available under a free software license.
    Description: A program for the digitization of Guinier powder diffraction images is described, which works with images from both optical and laser scanners. Thus, processing of data from storage‐phosphor‐based imaging plates and Ag‐based photographic films is possible.
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; IPreader software ; Guinier cameras ; imaging plates (IPs) ; diffraction pattern conversion into data columns ; powder X‐ray diffraction ; data processing ; Guinier method
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Martian Atmospheric Spectral End‐Members Retrieval From ExoMars Thermal Infrared (TIRVIM) Data (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-15
    Description: Key knowledge about planetary composition can be recovered from the study of thermal infrared spectral range datasets. This range has a huge diagnostic potential because it contains diagnostic absorptions from a planetary surface and atmosphere. The main goal of this study is to process and interpret the dataset from the Thermal Infrared channel (TIRVIM) which is part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite of the ExoMars2016 Trace Gas Orbiter mission to find and characterize dust and water ice clouds in the atmosphere. The method employed here is based on the application of principal component analysis and target transformation techniques to extract the independent variable components present in the analyzed dataset. Spectral shapes of both atmospheric dust and water ice aerosols have been recovered from the analysis of TIRVIM data. The comparison between our results with those previously obtained on Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data and with previous analysis on TIRVIM data, validates the methodology here applied, showing that it allows to correctly recover the atmospheric spectral endmembers present in the TIRVIM data. Moreover, comparison with atmospheric retrievals on PFS, TES and IRIS data, allowed us to assess the temporal stability and homogeneity of dust and water ice components in the Martian atmosphere over a time period of almost 50 years.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The analysis of thermal infrared datasets from planetary bodies is of key importance for the understanding of a planet's climate evolution and history: it contains valuable information about composition, temperature and state of the atmosphere. Moreover, surface properties and the surface‐atmosphere interaction can be studied. Here we investigated new thermal infrared data from the Thermal Infrared channel instrument of the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter with the main goal of carefully identifying Martian atmospheric dust and water ice clouds components. A methodology based on principal component and target transformation factor analysis techniques has been applied. Based on our results, this methodology can correctly recover both atmospheric dust and water ice aerosols spectral shapes and their abundances in the Martian atmosphere.
    Description: Key Points: First successful application of principal components and target transformation techniques to high‐resolution Thermal Infrared channel (TIRVIM) data. Spectral shapes of both atmospheric dust and water ice clouds are recognized and recovered. TIRVIM data are successfully modeled through a linear combination of the recovered water ice and dust end‐members.
    Description: Roscosmos and ESA
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7032738
    Keywords: ddc:523 ; Martian atmosphere ; TIRVIM data
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Measuring zero water level in stream reaches: A comparison of an image‐based versus a conventional method (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-15
    Description: A limited number of gauging stations, especially for nested catchments, hampers a process understanding of the interaction between streamflow, groundwater and water usage during drought. Non‐commercial measurement devices can help overcome this lack of monitoring, but they need to be thoroughly tested. The Dreisam River in the South‐West of Germany was affected by several hydrological drought events from 2015 to 2020 during which parts of the main stream and tributaries fell dry. Therefore it provided a useful case study area for a flexible longitudinal water quality and quantity monitoring network. Among other measurements the setup employs an image‐based method with QR codes as fiducial marker. In order to assess under which conditions the QR‐code based water level loggers (WLL) deliver data according to scientific standards, we compared its performance to conventional capacitive based WLL. The results from 20 monitoring stations reveal that the riverbed was dry for 〉50% at several locations and even for 〉70% at most severely affected locations during July and August 2020, with the north western parts of the catchment being especially concerned. Highly variable longitudinal drying patterns of the stream reaches emerged from the monitoring. The image‐based method was found valuable for identification and validation of zero level occurrences. Nevertheless, a simple image processing approach (based on an automatic thresholding algorithm) did not compensate for errors due to natural conditions and technical setup. Our findings highlight that the complexity of measurement environments is a major challenge when working with image‐based methods.
    Description: We monitored zero water levels in a meso‐scale catchment with temperate climate by means of image‐based and conventional water level logging techniques. A detailed analysis of the longitudinal drying patterns enables a discussion about hydrological connectivity and the processes influencing the drying.
    Description: Badenova Fund For Innovation
    Description: https://doi.org/10.6094/UNIFR/228702
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; hydrological drought ; innovative sensors ; longitudinal connectivity ; stream reaches ; streamflow intermittency ; zero flow
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Present‐Day Upper‐Mantle Architecture of the Alps: Insights From Data‐Driven Dynamic Modeling (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-15
    Description: The dynamics of the Alps and surrounding regions is still not completely understood, partly because of a non‐unique interpretation of its upper‐mantle architecture. In particular, it is unclear if interpreted slabs are consistent with the observed surface deformation and topography. We derive three end‐member scenarios of lithospheric thickness and slab geometries by clustering available shear‐wave tomography models into a statistical ensemble. We use these scenarios as input for geodynamic simulations and compare modeled topography, surface velocities and mantle flow to observations. We found that a slab detached beneath the Alps, but attached beneath the Northern Apennines captures first‐order patterns in topography and vertical surface velocities and can provide a causative explanation for the observed seismicity.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Present‐day surface deformation, including earthquakes, plate motion, and mass (re)distribution, results from processes operating at the surface and in the interior of the Earth. Understanding these processes and their coupling is of utmost importance in light of the hazard they pose to society. The Alps provide an excellent natural laboratory to understand such coupling. Here, we use seismic tomography models to constrain its upper‐mantle architecture. We further use these models to quantify forces originating from the resolved architecture and their effects on the present‐day surface deformation. The models can reproduce first‐order patterns in the observed topography and vertical surface motions. We found a causative correlation between the presence of a shallow slab attached to the overlying lithosphere in the Northern Apennines and the seismicity in the region. Our results allow us to better understand the transfer of internal forces to the surface, thereby helping to quantify the present‐day mechanical setup of the area.
    Description: Key Points: Statistical ensemble of S‐wave tomography models is used to infer the Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary configuration and slab geometries in the Alps. The 3‐D upper‐mantle architecture from the statistics reproduce first‐order patterns in observed topography and Global Navigation Satellite Systems vertical velocities. A shallow/attached slab in the Northern Apennines is consistent with the mantle depth seismicity observed in this region.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.5.2019.004
    Description: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_238001
    Description: http://ds.iris.edu/ds/products/emc-earthmodels/
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7071571
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6538257
    Keywords: ddc:551.1 ; Alps ; Apennines ; lithospheric architecture ; slabs ; seismicity
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cold‐water coral ecosystems under future ocean change: Live coral performance vs. framework dissolution and bioerosion (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-15
    Description: Physiological sensitivity of cold‐water corals to ocean change is far less understood than of tropical corals and very little is known about the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on degradative processes of dead coral framework. In a 13‐month laboratory experiment, we examined the interactive effects of gradually increasing temperature and pCO2 levels on survival, growth, and respiration of two prominent color morphotypes (colormorphs) of the framework‐forming cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa, as well as bioerosion and dissolution of dead framework. Calcification rates tended to increase with warming, showing temperature optima at ~ 14°C (white colormorph) and 10–12°C (orange colormorph) and decreased with increasing pCO2. Net dissolution occurred at aragonite undersaturation (ΩAr 〈 1) at ~ 1000 μatm pCO2. Under combined warming and acidification, the negative effects of acidification on growth were initially mitigated, but at ~ 1600 μatm dissolution prevailed. Respiration rates increased with warming, more strongly in orange corals, while acidification slightly suppressed respiration. Calcification and respiration rates as well as polyp mortality were consistently higher in orange corals. Mortality increased considerably at 14–15°C in both colormorphs. Bioerosion/dissolution of dead framework was not affected by warming alone but was significantly enhanced by acidification. While live corals may cope with intermediate levels of elevated pCO2 and temperature, long‐term impacts beyond levels projected for the end of this century will likely lead to skeletal dissolution and increased mortality. Our findings further suggest that acidification causes accelerated degradation of dead framework even at aragonite saturated conditions, which will eventually compromise the structural integrity of cold‐water coral reefs.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Marine Research in Ireland
    Description: French National Research Agency http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665
    Keywords: ddc:577.7 ; cold-water corals ; ocean change ; laboratory experiments ; framwork dissolution ; bioerosion
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Decentralized Approach for Modeling Organized Convection Based on Thermal Populations on Microgrids (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: In this study, a spectral model for convective transport is coupled to a thermal population model on a two‐dimensional horizontal “microgrid,” covering the typical gridbox size of general circulation models. The goal is to explore new ways of representing impacts of spatial organization in cumulus cloud fields. The thermals are considered the smallest building block of convection, with thermal life cycle and movement represented through binomial functions. Thermals interact through two simple rules, reflecting pulsating growth and environmental deformation. Long‐lived thermal clusters thus form on the microgrid, exhibiting scale growth and spacing that represent simple forms of spatial organization and memory. Size distributions of cluster number are diagnosed from the microgrid through an online clustering algorithm, and provided as input to a spectral multiplume eddy‐diffusivity mass flux scheme. This yields a decentralized transport system, in that the thermal clusters acting as independent but interacting nodes that carry information about spatial structure. The main objectives of this study are (a) to seek proof of concept of this approach, and (b) to gain insight into impacts of spatial organization on convective transport. Single‐column model experiments demonstrate satisfactory skill in reproducing two observed cases of continental shallow convection. Metrics expressing self‐organization and spatial organization match well with large‐eddy simulation results. We find that in this coupled system, spatial organization impacts convective transport primarily through the scale break in the size distribution of cluster number. The rooting of saturated plumes in the subcloud mixed layer plays a key role in this process.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the spatial structure of convective cloud fields in Earth's climate, yet this phenomenon is not yet represented well in Earth System Models (ESMs). This study explores a new way to achieve this goal, by considering spatial organization at the scale of small bubbles of rising air called thermals that together make up convective clouds. Populations of interacting thermals are modeled in a computationally efficient way on a small two‐dimensional grid. This microgrid is then coupled to a convection scheme, which stands for the set of equations used to statistically represent the impact of convective transport at scales that remain unresolved in ESMs. The coupling makes the scheme decentralized, in that the transport becomes dependent on a population of longer‐lived convective structures that slowly develop and evolve on the microgrid. The new scheme is tested for observed conditions at a meteorological site in the Southern Great Plains area of the United States, making use of a combination of high‐resolution simulations and measurements to evaluate performance. Apart from proof of concept for the new modeling approach, the results provide new insights into how the spatial structure of convective cloud populations can affect its vertical transport.
    Description: Key Points: A multiplume spectral convection scheme is coupled to a binomial thermal population model on a horizontal microgrid. Observed diurnal cycles of continental shallow convection are reproduced, including good agreement on scale growth and spatial organization. Spatial organization impacts convective transport through the scale break in the cluster number density, with a key role played by plume rooting.
    Description: U.S. Department of Energy http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000015
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6044338
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; convective parameterization ; spatial organization ; population dynamics ; thermals ; microgrid modeling ; shallow cumulus
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    On the Resolution of Triangular Meshes (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: It is generally agreed that the resolution of a regular quadrilateral mesh is the side length of quadrilateral cells. There is less agreement on the resolution of triangular meshes, exacerbated by the fact that the numbers of edges or cells on triangular meshes are approximately three or two times larger than that of vertices. However, the geometrical resolution of triangular meshes, that is, maximum wavenumbers or smallest wavelengths that can be represented on such meshes, is a well defined quantity, known from solid state physics. These wavenumbers are related to a smallest common mesh cell (primitive unit cell), and the set of mesh translations that map it into itself. They do not depend on whether discrete degrees of freedom are placed on vertices, cells or edges. For equilateral triangles the smallest wavelength equals twice the triangle height. Resolutions of quadrilateral and triangular meshes approximately agree if they have the same numbers of vertices.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Some models used in climate studies are formulated on triangular computational meshes. We discuss how to determine the smallest scales that are resolved on such meshes. They are referred to as a mesh resolution. The notion of mesh resolution is commonly used to relate climate model results simulated on different meshes.
    Description: Key Points: Geometrical resolution of an equilateral triangular mesh is defined by the height of its triangles. Quadrilateral and triangular meshes with the same number of vertices have approximately the same resolution.
    Description: Collaborative Research Centre
    Description: German Research Foundation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; triangular meshes ; resolved wavenumbers
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Phase Stability of Al‐Bearing Dense Hydrous Magnesium Silicates at Topmost Lower Mantle Conditions: Implication for Water Transport in the Mantle (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: In this study, we investigated the phase stability of Al‐free and Al‐bearing superhydrous phase B (shy‐B) up to 55 GPa and 2500 K. In comparison with Al‐free shy‐B, the incorporation of 11.7 wt.% Al2O3 in shy‐B expands the stability by ∼400–800 K at 20–30 GPa. The determined dehydration boundary for Al‐bearing phase D indicates that it could be present even at normal mantle geotherm conditions at 30–40 GPa. Up to 23.8 mol.% Al2O3 can be dissolved into the structures of akimotoite and bridgmanite as a result of the decomposition reactions of Al‐bearing shy‐B and phase D between 20 and 40 GPa. Results of further experiments indicate that δ‐AlOOH is the stable hydrous phase coexisting with Al‐depleted bridgmanite at pressures above 52 GPa. This study shows that the incorporation of Al in dense hydrous magnesium silicates can have a profound impact on our picture of the water cycle in the deep Earth.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Constraining the deep cycle of water has a tremendous impact on our picture of the current state of the Earth and the evolution of the Earth's interior. Dense hydrous magnesium silicates (DHMSs) are considered potential H2O carriers in the Earth's mantle. However, the DHMSs can only be present at the relatively cold conditions of subduction slabs due their limited thermal stability. We determined the phase stability of Al‐bearing DHMSs at high pressure and temperature (P‐T) conditions. Our results show that the thermal stability of Al‐bearing shy‐B extends by 400–800 K with respect to its Al‐free counterpart at 600–800 km depth. The incorporation of Al also expands the phase stability of phase D and enhances the likelihood of its occurrence at normal mantle conditions at 800–1100 km. In addition, we observe that 23.8 mol.% Al2O3 can be dissolved into the structures of akimotoite and bridgmanite as a result of the decomposition reactions of Al‐bearing shy‐B and phase D between 600 and 100 km depth. Furthermore, δ‐AlOOH is the stable hydrous phase coexisting with Al‐depleted bridgmanite in the MgO‐SiO2‐Al2O3‐H2O system at pressures above 52 GPa and 1500 K.
    Description: Key Points: In comparison with Al‐free shy‐B, the incorporation of 11.7 wt.% Al2O3 in superhydrous phase B (shy‐B) expands the stability by ∼400–800 K at 20–30 GPa. Al‐bearing phase D could be present even at normal mantle geotherm conditions at 30–40 GPa. δ‐AlOOH is the stable hydrous phase coexisting with Al‐depleted bridgmanite at pressures above 52 GPa.
    Description: Center for Molecular Water Science, CMWS
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6320835
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; Al‐bearing superhydrous phase B ; phase D ; phase stability ; high pressure and temperature ; deep Earth water cycle
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Number of Chamber Measurement Locations for Accurate Quantification of Landscape‐Scale Greenhouse Gas Fluxes: Importance of Land Use, Seasonality, and Greenhouse Gas Type (2022)
    Wangari, E. G. ; Mwanake, R. M. ; Kraus, D. ; [et al.]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: Accurate quantification of landscape soil greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange from chamber measurements is challenging due to the high spatial‐temporal variability of fluxes, which results in large uncertainties in upscaled regional and global flux estimates. We quantified landscape‐scale (6 km2 in central Germany) soil/ecosystem respiration (SR/ER‐CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes at stratified sites with contrasting landscape characteristics using the fast‐box chamber technique. We assessed the influence of land use (forest, arable, and grassland), seasonality (spring, summer, and autumn), soil types, and slope on the fluxes. We also evaluated the number of chamber measurement locations required to estimate landscape fluxes within globally significant uncertainty thresholds. The GHG fluxes were strongly influenced by seasonality and land use rather than soil type and slope. The number of chamber measurement locations required for robust landscape‐scale flux estimates depended on the magnitude of fluxes, which varied with season, land use, and GHG type. Significant N2O‐N flux uncertainties greater than the global mean flux (0.67 kg ha−1 yr−1) occurred if landscape measurements were done at 〈4 and 〈22 chamber locations (per km2) in forest and arable ecosystems, respectively, in summer. For CO2 and CH4 fluxes, uncertainties greater than the global median CO2‐C flux (7,500 kg ha−1 yr−1) and the global mean forest CH4‐C uptake rate (2.81 kg ha−1 yr−1) occurred at 〈2 forest and 〈6 arable chamber locations. This finding suggests that more chamber measurement locations are required to assess landscape‐scale N2O fluxes than CO2 and CH4, based on these GHG‐specific uncertainty thresholds.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Greenhouse gas emissions are subject to high spatial and temporal variability, leading to large uncertainties in regional and global estimates. We quantified fluxes of soil and ecosystem respiration (SR/ER‐CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) at the landscape scale (6 km2 in central Germany). We determine the number of measurement chambers required to estimate landscape fluxes within globally significant uncertainty thresholds. Our results show a stronger influence of season and land use, as opposed to soil type and topography. The number of chambers required for robust landscape‐wide flux estimates depended on the size of the fluxes, which varied by season, land use and GHG type. An increase in the number of monitoring sites significantly reduced the uncertainties estimation on the whole landscape. Significant uncertainties in N2O fluxes above the global annual mean was found when landscape measurements were made at 〈4 monitoring sites in forests and 〈22 monitoring sites (per km2) in cropland ecosystems during the summer period. For SR/ER‐CO2 fluxes, as few as 〈2 was sufficient in forest ecosystems and under 〈6 in cropland ecosystems. This result implies that in general more monitoring sites are needed to assess landscape‐scale N2O fluxes than for CO2 and CH4 fluxes.
    Description: Key Points: Land use and seasonality rather than soil type and slope strongly influenced soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes at a landscape‐scale. The minimum number of chamber locations required for robust landscape‐scale flux estimates depends on the season, land use, and GHG type. Chamber locations required to reduce uncertainties of landscape flux estimates declined as follows N2O 〉 CO2 〉 CH4.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6821111
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; soil respiration ; ecosystem respiration ; methane uptake ; nitrous oxide fluxes ; spatial‐temporal variability ; stratfied sampling
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Crustal Structure of the Indochina Peninsula From Ambient Noise Tomography (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-17
    Description: The collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates promotes the southeastward extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula while the internal dynamics of its crustal deformation remain enigmatic. Here, we make use of seismic data from 38 stations and employ the ambient noise tomography to construct a 3‐D crustal shear‐wave velocity (Vs) model beneath the Indochina Peninsula. A low‐Vs anomaly is revealed in the mid‐lower crust of the Shan‐Thai Block and probably corresponds to the southern extension of the crustal flow from SE Tibet. Although the Khorat Plateau behaves as a rigid block, the observed low‐Vs anomalies in the lower crust and also below the Moho indicate that the crust may have been partially modified by mantle‐derived melts. The strike‐slip shearing motions of the Red River Fault may have dominantly developed crustal deformation at its western flank where a low‐Vs anomaly is observed at the upper‐middle crust.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The Indochina Peninsula was believed to behave as a rigid block where significant southeastward extrusion and clockwise rotation have occurred in response to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. Here, we employ ambient noise data to obtain the shear‐wave velocity (Vs) images and find deformations in the interior of the crust beneath the Indochina Peninsula. A low‐Vs anomaly is observed in the mid‐lower crust of the Shan‐Thai Block and represents the crustal flow from SE Tibet. The crust of the Khorat Plateau, the core of the Indochina Block, has been partially modified by mantle‐derived melts. The strike‐slip shearing motions of the Red River Fault have brought crustal deformation at its southwestern flank characterized as a low‐Vs anomaly in the upper‐middle crust.
    Description: Key Points: A 3‐D crustal shear‐wave velocity (Vs) model was constructed for the Indochina Peninsula from ambient noise tomography. Low‐Vs in the middle‐lower crust of the Shan‐Thai Block may represent the southern extension of the crustal flow from SE Tibet. The crust of the rigid Khorat Plateau has been partially modified by intrusion of mantle‐derived melts.
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Description: the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University
    Description: Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5235658
    Keywords: ddc:551.1 ; Indochina Peninsula ; crustal structure ; lower‐crustal flow ; ambient noise tomography
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Bias correction of daily precipitation for ungauged locations using geostatistical approaches: A case study for the CORDEX‐Africa ensemble (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: Climate model simulations typically exhibit a bias, which can be corrected using statistical approaches. In this study, a geostatistical approach for bias correction of daily precipitation at ungauged locations is presented. The method utilizes a double quantile mapping with dry day correction for future periods. The transfer function of the bias correction for the ungauged locations is established using distribution functions estimated by ordinary kriging with anisotropic variograms. The methodology was applied to the daily precipitation simulations of the entire CORDEX‐Africa ensemble for a study region located in the West African Sudanian Savanna. This ensemble consists of 23 regional climate models (RCM) that were run for three different future scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5). The evaluation of the approach for a historical 50‐year period (1950–2005) showed that the method can reduce the inherent strong precipitation bias of RCM simulations, thereby reproducing the main climatological features of the observed data. Moreover, the bias correction technique preserves the climate change signal of the uncorrected RCM simulations. However, the ensemble spread is increased due to an overestimation of the rainfall probability of uncorrected RCM simulations. The application of the bias correction method to the future period (2006–2100) revealed that annual precipitation increases for most models in the near (2020–2049) and far future (2070–2099) with a mean increase of up to 165mm⋅a−1 (18%). An analysis of the monthly and daily time series showed a slightly delayed onset and intensification of the rainy season.
    Description: Adapting water management strategies to future precipitation projected by climate models is associated with high uncertainty in sparsely gauged catchments. Kriging was utilized to estimate distribution parameters for ungauged locations in a West African region to perform a bias correction of the CORDEX‐Africa ensemble. The application of the bias correction method revealed higher annual precipitation amounts and an intensifaction of the rainy season but only little change to the onset of the rainy season.
    Description: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Bonn (BMBF), West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL)
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; bias correction ; climate change ; CORDEX‐Africa ; geostatistical approaches ; precipitation ; quantile mapping ; West Africa
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Non‐ and sub‐state climate action after Paris: From a facilitative regime to a contested governance landscape (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: The Paris Agreement marks a significant milestone in international climate politics. With its adoption, Parties call for non‐ and sub‐state actors to contribute to the global climate agenda and close the emissions gap left by states. Such a facilitative setting embraces non‐state climate action through joint efforts, synergies, and different modes of collaboration. At the same time, non‐state actors have always played a critical and confrontational role in international climate governance. Based on a systematic literature review, we identify and critically assess the role of non‐state climate action in a facilitative post‐Paris climate governance regime. We thereby highlight three constitutive themes, namely different state‐non‐state relations, competing level of ambition, and a variety of knowledge foundations. We substantiate these themes, derived from an inductive analysis of existing literature, with illustrative examples and propose three paradigmatic non‐state actor roles in post‐Paris climate governance on a continuum between compliance and critique. We thereby highlight four particular threats of a facilitative setting, namely substitution of state action, co‐optation, tokenism, and depoliticization. Future research should not limit itself to an effective integration of NSSAs into a facilitative climate regime, but also engage with the merits of contestation. This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance 〉 Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
    Description: Three constitutive themes—different state‐non‐state relations, levels of ambition, and knowledge foundations—define the multiple roles non‐ and sub‐state actors can occupy in the post‐Paris climate governance regime. Yet, calls for voluntary, collaborative, and synergetic non‐state climate action in a facilitative post‐Paris climate governance setting run the risk to overshadow fundamental tensions when governing climate change.
    Description: Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001862
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
    Keywords: ddc:341.7 ; climate change governance ; contestation ; environmental politics ; non‐state actors ; Paris Agreement ; transformation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Investment traps and resilience to shocks: An experimental study of Central Asian collective water governance (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: We theoretically and empirically investigate the investments of water users in a stylized local irrigation system. We model irrigation self‐management as an interdependent interaction of users in an evolutionary game and study the resilience of the irrigation system. The theoretical model implies multiple stable equilibria at different efficiency levels. Users may be trapped in a low level of collective investment or succeed by being locked in a high collective investment level, implying an irrigation system resilient against external shocks. The study seeks to empirically identify such lock‐ins in experimental interactions among Central Asian farmers. Furthermore, we inquire into whether a pre‐play cheap talk opportunity with peer‐monitoring or sanctioning treatments influence the self‐reinforcing dynamic. Our findings revealed several stable states. Among these states, there are both low and high levels of efficiency, which we measure in the size of public good. Communication among users results in higher collective investment levels. However, this does not guarantee the complete elimination of inferior conventions from best‐response play. Penalties crowded out the intrinsic motivation to cooperate as they reduced collective investment in both low‐ and high‐level equilibria. Our findings imply that institutional settings tailored to each community can improve resilience to climate‐driven perturbations in water resources.
    Description: VolkswagenStiftung (Volkswagen Foundation) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001663
    Description: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation (BMZ) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001663
    Keywords: ddc:333.91 ; Central Asia ; experiment ; multiple equilibria ; resilience ; water management ; Asie centrale ; expérimentation ; équilibres multiples ; résilience ; gestion de l'eau
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Developing a Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption Spectral Database as Reference for Spaceborne Mass Spectrometers (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: Spaceborne impact ionization mass spectrometers, such as the Cosmic Dust Analyzer on board the past Cassini spacecraft or the SUrface Dust Analyzer being built for NASA's upcoming Europa Clipper mission, are of crucial importance for the exploration of icy moons in the Solar System, such as Saturn's moon Enceladus or Jupiter's moon Europa. For the interpretation of data produced by these instruments, analogue experiments on Earth are essential. To date, thousands of laboratory mass spectra have been recorded with an analogue experiment for impact ionization mass spectrometers. Simulation of mass spectra of ice grains in space is achieved by a Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption (LILBID) approach. The desorbed cations or anions are analyzed in a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The amount of unstructured raw data is increasingly challenging to sort, process, interpret and compare with data from space. Thus far this has been achieved manually for individual mass spectra because no database containing the recorded reference spectra was available. Here we describe the development of a comprehensive, extendable database containing cation and anion mass spectra from the laboratory LILBID facility. The database is based on a Relational Database Management System with a web server interface and enables filtering of the laboratory data using a wide range of parameters. The mass spectra can be compared not only with data from past and future space missions but also mass spectral data generated by other, terrestrial, techniques. The validated and approved subset of the database is available for general public (https://lilbid-db.planet.fu-berlin.de).
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Thousands of laboratory mass spectra, each with an individual set of experimental parameters, have been recorded so far using a facility situated at Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. The mass spectra help analyze and interpret data returned from spacecraft in the vicinity of icy moons in the Solar System. The unstructured laboratory data is increasingly challenging to sort and compare to the data from space. We developed an extendable database containing the laboratory data. The database is available for general public and allows filtering the stored data for a wide range of experimental parameters and, in turn, significantly improves analysis of data not only from past space missions but also future missions in particular.
    Description: Key Points: We describe the development of a comprehensive spectral database containing laboratory analogue data for spaceborne mass spectrometers. The database is based on a Relational Database Management System with a web interface and accessible for community use. Filtering the laboratory data using a wide range of experimental parameters allows a straightforward analysis of returned flight data.
    Description: EC, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (H2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863855
    Description: https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/cassini/cda/COCDA_0007.tar.gz
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; mass spectral database ; analogue experiments ; ice grains ; ocean worlds ; SUDA ; ENIA ; LILBID ; TOF‐MS
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An Analytical Framework for Determining the Ecological Risks of Wastewater Discharges in River Networks Under Climate Change (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: Over the last decades, treatment of domestic wastewater promoted by environmental regulations have reduced human health risks and improved water quality. However, ecological risks caused by effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharged into rivers still persist. Moreover, the evolution of these ecological risks in the future is intimately related to effects of changing climate, especially regarding streamflow in receiving rivers. Here, we present an analytical and transferable framework for assessing the ecological risks posed by WWTP‐effluents at the catchment scale. The framework combines the size‐class k of WWTPs, which is a load‐proxy, with their outflows' location in river networks, represented by stream‐order ω. We identify ecological risks by using three proxy indicators: the urban discharge fraction and the local‐scale concentrations of each total phosphorous and ammonium‐nitrogen discharged from WWTPs. About 3,200 WWTPs over three large catchments (Rhine, Elbe, and Weser) in Central Europe were analyzed by incorporating simulated streamflow for the most extreme projected climate change scenario. We found that WWTPs causing ecological risks in the future prevail in lower ω, across almost all k. Distinct patterns of ecological risks are identified in the k‐ω framework for different indicators and catchments. We show, as climate changes, intensified risks are especially expected in lower ω receiving effluents of intermediate‐k WWTPs. We discuss the implications of our findings for prioritizing WWTPs upgrading and urging updates on environmental regulations. Further discussions underline the feasibility of applying the framework to any geographical regions and highlight its potentials to help in achieving global long‐term commitments on freshwater security.
    Description: Key Points: An analytical, generic framework was developed to assess wastewater treatment plants causing ecological risks in rivers under climate change. Smaller streams will face higher ecological risks for almost all load classes of wastewater treatment plants in future climate. Of the legally regulated effluent parameters for treated wastewater, ammonium‐nitrogen concentration will pose the greatest ecological risk.
    Description: Helmholtz Association http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; analytical assessment framework ; wastewater treatment plants emissions ; river stream‐order ; dilution ; local‐scale nutrients concentrations
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Horizontal Wavenumber Spectra of Vertical Vorticity and Horizontal Divergence of Mesoscale Dynamics in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Using Multistatic Specular Meteor Radar Observations (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: Specular meteor radars (SMRs) have significantly contributed to the understanding of wind dynamics in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). We present a method to estimate horizontal correlations of vertical vorticity (Qzz) and horizontal divergence (P) in the MLT, using line‐of‐sight multistatic SMRs velocities, that consists of three steps. First, we estimate 2D, zonal, and meridional correlation functions of wind fluctuations (with periods less than 4 hr and vertical wavelengths smaller than 4 km) using the wind field correlation function inversion (WCFI) technique. Then, the WCFI's statistical estimates are converted into longitudinal and transverse components. The conversion relation is obtained by considering the rotation about the vertical direction of two velocity vectors, from an east‐north‐up system to a meteor‐pair‐dependent cylindrical system. Finally, following a procedure previously applied in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere to airborne wind measurements, the longitudinal and transverse spatial correlations are fitted, from which Qzz, P, and their spectra are directly estimated. The method is applied to a special Spread spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network data set, obtained over northern Germany for seven days in November 2018. The results show that in a quasi‐axisymmetric scenario, P was more than five times larger than Qzz for the horizontal wavelengths range given by ∼50–400 km, indicating a predominance of internal gravity waves over vortical modes of motion as a possible explanation for the MLT mesoscale dynamics during this campaign.
    Description: Key Points: We investigate the horizontal correlation functions of vertical vorticity and horizontal divergence for mesoscale wind fluctuations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. 2D zonal and meridional correlation functions and 1D longitudinal and transverse correlation functions as a function of horizontal lags are analyzed. The divergence dominated over the vorticity during November 2018 in northern Germany.
    Description: Leibniz SAW
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: French Ministry of Foreign and European
    Description: https://doi.org/10.22000/536
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; MLT ; vorticity ; correlation function ; meteor radar ; mesoscales ; divergence
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High‐Resolution Aircraft Observations of Turbulence and Waves in the Free Atmosphere and Comparison With Global Model Predictions (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: High‐resolution flight data obtained from in situ measurements in the free atmosphere aboard the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) are used to determine eddy dissipation rates along extended flights during the recent Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics, and Chemistry aircraft campaign (SOUTHTRAC) in the 2019 austral winter. These data are analyzed and correlated with quantities characterizing the ambient airflow and the magnitudes of vertical energy propagation through internal gravity waves. The observed turbulence events are strongly correlated with elevated shear values, and overturning gravity waves do not appear to play a role. A highlight of the analysis is the validation of a recently implemented Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) forecast index in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast integrated forecast system. Here we find a slightly better correlation of the CAT prediction with the HALO research aircraft observations compared to those of commercial aircraft. The observed turbulence during SOUTHTRAC was never stronger than moderate, as EDR values remained below 0.3 m2/3 s−1. In general, light and light‐to‐moderate turbulence events were extremely rare, occurring in only about 5% of the flight time, and stronger events in less than 0.2%. These results are also reflected in the local atmospheric conditions, which were dominated by a thermally very stable airflow with low vertical shear and large Richardson numbers.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: This study analyzes high‐resolution data of velocity components in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere collected with the German research aircraft High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft during the Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics, and Chemistry (SOUTHTRAC) campaign in September–November 2019. Flights were conducted predominantly over the southern part of South America, the Drake Passage, and the Antarctic Peninsula. The objective of the analysis was to determine the eddy dissipation rates during the 22 flights. The cubic root of eddy dissipation rates is a common measure used to characterize turbulent regions in the atmosphere. High quality observations with a very accurately calibrated sensor are rare, especially in the remote areas of the SOUTHTRAC campaign. Observed eddy dissipation rates have been correlated with gravity wave activity, but these correlations are very small. A much stronger dependence of the eddy dissipation rates exists on the vertical shear of the horizontal wind. Thus, mechanical generation of turbulence appears to dominate in the observed cases. Overall, the observed turbulence was never stronger than moderate. Turbulence events were extremely rare, occurring in only about 5% of the flight time, and stronger events less than 0.2%. Finally, the observed eddy dissipation rates were compared with weather model forecasts, demonstrating their reliability in predicting turbulent regions.
    Description: Key Points: Small eddy dissipation rates were observed in the free atmosphere along extended research flights during Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics, and Chemistry in austral winter 2019. Stronger turbulence events are rare and are mostly correlated with enhanced vertical shear of the horizontal wind. EDR predictions of a 15‐member ensemble shows higher correlation with research aircraft observations than with those by commercial aircraft.
    Description: Federal Ministry for Education and Research
    Description: German Science Foundation
    Description: https://halo-db.pa.op.dlr.de/mission/116
    Description: https://halo-db.pa.op.dlr.de/dataset/8497
    Description: https://halo-db.pa.op.dlr.de/dataset/8496
    Description: https://apps.ecmwf.int/codes/grib/param-db/?id=260290
    Description: https://doi.org/10.21957/xbar-5611
    Description: https://halo-db.pa.op.dlr.de/dataset/8955
    Description: https://madis.ncep.noaa.gov/acars_variable_list.shtml
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; turbulence in the free atmosphere ; eddy dissipation rate ; clear‐air turbulence predictions ; ECMWF integrated forecast system
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Identifying Dominant Processes in Time and Space: Time‐Varying Spatial Sensitivity Analysis for a Grid‐Based Nitrate Model (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: Distributed models have been increasingly applied at finer spatiotemporal resolution. However, most diagnostic analyses aggregate performance measures in space or time, which might bias subsequent inferences. Accordingly, this study explores an approach for quantifying the parameter sensitivity in a spatiotemporally explicit way. We applied the Morris method to screen key parameters within four different sampling spaces in a grid‐based model (mHM‐Nitrate) for NO3‐N simulation in a mixed landuse catchment using a 1‐year moving window for each grid. The results showed that an overly wide range of aquatic denitrification rates could mask the sensitivity of the other parameters, leading to their spatial patterns only related to the proximity to outlet. With adjusted parameter space, spatial sensitivity patterns were determined by NO3‐N inputs and hydrological transport capacity, while temporal dynamics were regulated by annual wetness conditions. The relative proportion of parameter sensitivity further indicated the shifts in dominant hydrological/NO3‐N processes between wet and dry years. By identifying not only which parameter(s) is(are) influential, but where and when such influences occur, spatial sensitivity analysis can help evaluate current model parameterization. Given the marked sensitivity in agricultural areas, we suggest that the current NO3‐N parameterization scheme (land use‐dependent) could be further disentangled in these regions (e.g., into croplands with different rotation strategies) but aggregated in non‐agricultural areas; while hydrological parameterization could be resolved into a finer level (from spatially constant to land use‐dependent especially in nutrient‐rich regions). The spatiotemporal sensitivity pattern also highlights NO3‐N transport within soil layers as a focus for future model development.
    Description: Key Points: A diagnostic analysis was conducted to disentangle the parameter sensitivity for NO3‐N simulations in catchment modeling in space and time. Sensitivity differed within sampling spaces, but was controlled spatially by NO3‐N supply/water fluxes while temporally by wetness condition. Analysis suggests finer‐level parameterization needs in arable land, and prioritizes NO3‐N transport in soils for improved conceptualization.
    Description: Chinese Scholarship Council
    Description: Leverhulme Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275
    Description: Einstein Stiftung Berlin http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006188
    Description: Berlin University Alliance http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100021727
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6497225
    Description: https://fred.igb-berlin.de/data/package/629
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; spatial time‐varying sensitivity analysis ; distributed nitrate modeling
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Distribution, drivers and population structure of the invasive alien snail Tarebia granifera in the Luvuvhu system, South Africa (2022)
    Makherana, Fhatuwani ; Cuthbert, Ross N. ; Dondofema, Farai ; [et al.]
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: Invasive alien species continue to spread and proliferate in waterways worldwide, but environmental drivers of invasion dynamics lack assessment. Knowledge gaps are pervasive in the Global South, where the frequent heavy human‐modification of rivers provides high opportunity for invasion. In southern Africa, the spatio‐temporal ecology of a widespread and high‐impact invasive alien snail, Tarebia granifera, and its management status is understudied. Here, an ecological assessment was conducted at seven sites around Nandoni Reservoir on the Luvuvhu River in South Africa. The distribution and densities of T. granifera were mapped and the potential drivers of population structure were explored. T. granifera was widespread at sites impacted to varying extents due to anthropogenic activity, with densities exceeding 500 individuals per square meter at the most impacted areas. T. granifera predominantly preferred shallow and sandy environments, being significantly associated with sediment (i.e., chlorophyll‐a, Mn, SOC, SOM) and water (i.e., pH, conductivity, TDS) variables. T. granifera seemed to exhibit two recruitment peaks in November and March, identified via size‐based stock assessment. Sediment parameters (i.e., sediment organic matter, sediment organic carbon, manganese) and water chemistry (i.e., pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity) were found to be important in structuring T. granifera populations, with overall snail densities highest during the summer season. We provide important autecological information and insights on the distribution and extent of the spread of T. granifera. This may help in the development of invasive alien snail management action plans within the region, as well as modelling efforts to predict invasion patterns elsewhere based on environmental characteristics.
    Description: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Description: National Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001321
    Description: University of Venda http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008976
    Keywords: ddc:577.6 ; aquatic non‐native invasions ; environmental gradients ; Global South ; human‐modified river ; quilted melania ; reservoir
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spatio‐Temporal Level Variations of the Martian Seasonal North Polar Cap From Co‐Registration of MOLA Profiles (2022)
    Xiao, Haifeng ; Stark, Alexander ; Schmidt, Frédéric ; [et al.]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: The seasonal deposition and sublimation of CO2 constitute a major element in Martian volatile cycles. We reprocess the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data and apply co‐registration procedures to obtain spatio‐temporal variations in levels of the Seasonal North Polar Cap (SNPC). The maximum level over the Residual North Polar Cap (RNPC) is 1.3 m, approximately half of that at the south pole (2.5 m). However, the maximum level in the dune fields at Olympia Undae can be up to 3.8 m. Furthermore, off‐season decreases up to 3 m during the northern winter at Olympia Undae are observed. These are likely due to metamorphism effects accentuated by the reduced snowfall at this period. Meanwhile, off‐season increases of up to 2 m during the northern spring are noted, the cause of which remains to be explored. The volume of the SNPC peaks at the end of northern winter and is estimated to be approximately 9.6 × 1012 m3, which is 2% more than that of the Seasonal South Polar Cap. The bulk density of the SNPC can go through phased decreases in accordance with phased accumulation at northern high‐latitudes. These findings can put important constraints on the Martian volatile cycling models.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Due to its axial tilt, seasons also exist on Mars. Up to one third of the atmosphere's CO2 is in annual exchange with the polar regions through seasonal deposition/sublimation processes. Here, we make use of previously proposed approaches of analyzing the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter profiles and obtain spatio‐temporal level variations of the Seasonal North Polar Cap (SNPC). Particularly, we bring attention to abnormal behavior of the SNPC in the dune fields at Olympia Undae. Maximum level there can be all the way up to 4 m which is much higher than a maximum of 1.5 m over the Residual North Polar Cap. Meanwhile, off‐season decreases during the northern winter with magnitudes up to 3 m and off‐season increases during the northern spring of magnitudes up to 2 m are observed. These could possibly be related to metamorphism of the seasonal deposits and phased snowfall. The maximum volume of the SNPC is constrained to be 9.6 × 1012 m3. The bulk density of the SNPC does not continuously increase as previously assumed but can go through phased decreases in accordance with phased snowfall at the north pole. These findings can put important constraints on the Martian climate models.
    Description: Key Points: Through co‐registration of laser altimetry profiles, spatio‐temporal level variations of the Seasonal North Polar Cap (SNPC) of Mars are obtained. Maximum level of the SNPC can be up to 3.8 m at Olympia Undae and up to 1.3 m over the Residual North Polar Cap. Northern winter decreases of up to 3 m and northern spring increases of up to 2 m are observed at Olympia Undae.
    Description: China Scholarship Council
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers
    Description: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
    Description: Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
    Description: https://doi.org/10.17632/x953mzxxvv.1
    Description: https://doi.org/10.17632/z59b9nd6s9.2
    Description: https://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/mgs/pedr.html
    Description: https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/pds/data/mgs-m-spice-6-v1.0/mgsp_1000/data/
    Description: https://www.uahirise.org/hiwish/browse
    Keywords: ddc:523 ; Mars ; seasonal polar cap ; CO2 ice ; MOLA ; level variation ; pseudo cross‐over
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Non‐Isotropic Contraction and Expansion of Samples in Diamond Anvil Cells: Implications for Thermal Conductivity at the Core‐Mantle Boundary (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: The thermal conductivities of mantle and core materials have a major impact on planetary evolution, but their experimental determination requires precise knowledge of sample thickness at high pressure. Despite its importance, thickness in most diamond anvil cell (DAC) experiments is not measured but inferred from equations of state, assuming isotropic contraction upon compression or assuming isotropic expansion upon decompression. Here we provide evidence that in DAC experiments both assumptions are invalid for a range of mechanically diverse materials (KCl, NaCl, Ar, MgO, silica glass, Al2O3). Upon compression, these samples are ∼30–50% thinner than expected from isotropic contraction. Most surprisingly, all the studied samples continue to thin upon decompression to 10–20 GPa. Our results partially explain some discrepancies among the highly controversial thermal conductivity values of iron at Earth's core conditions. More generally, we suggest that in situ characterization of sample geometry is essential for conductivity measurements at high pressure.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The thermal and electrical conductivities of the materials making up Earth's core and lowermost mantle are crucial inputs for modeling Earth's interior and the geodynamo mechanism. Yet, large disagreements between published values of conductivity are common, including a factor‐of‐seven discrepancy in the thermal conductivity of iron at core‐mantle boundary conditions. One possible source of systematic uncertainty is the estimate of sample thickness during high‐pressure experiments. Here we show that common materials in compression experiments tend to thin by much more than previously assumed. Surprisingly, the thinning continues upon decompression. These thinning trends could lead to ∼30–50% systematic error, partially explaining the discrepancy in iron conductivity. In situ thickness measurements are thus crucial for accurate determination of conductivities of Earth's mantle and core.
    Description: Key Points: Samples in diamond anvil cell experiments contract and expand in a strongly non‐isotropic fashion upon compression and decompression. Experimental reports on iron conductivity at high pressure contain errors due to the assumption of isotropic contraction or expansion. Accurate in situ determination of sample geometry is necessary for thermal and electrical conductivity measurements at high pressure.
    Description: Helmholtz Association http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Description: National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Description: https://doi.org/10.17632/wnvbty8y83.4
    Keywords: ddc:551.12 ; diamond anvil cell ; thermal conductivity ; high pressure
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    D" Reflection Polarities Inform Lowermost Mantle Mineralogy (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Polarities of seismic reflections at the discontinuity atop the D" region (PdP and SdS) indicate the sign of the velocity contrast across the D" reflector. Recent studies found PdP polarities matching and opposite those of P and PcP. While anisotropy could explain this behavior, we find that the ratio of the change in S wave velocity over change in P wave velocity (R‐value) can influence polarity behavior of D" reflected P waves. For R‐values exceeding 3, the P wave reverses polarity in the absence of anisotropy while S wave polarity is not influenced by the R‐value. Using sets of one million models for normal mantle and MORB with varying minerals and processes across the boundary, we carry out a statistical analysis (Linear Discriminant Analysis) finding that there is a marked difference in mantle mineralogy to explain R‐values larger and smaller than 3, respectively. Based on our results we can attribute different mineralogy to a number of cases. In particular, we find that when velocities increase across D" and polarities of PdP and SdS are opposite the post‐perovskite phase transition is still the best explanation whereas MORB is the best explanation when PdP and SdS are the same. When the velocities are decreasing, the post‐perovskite phase transition within MORB is the best explanation if PdP and SdS polarities are the same but if PdP and SdS are opposite, our results indicate that primordial material or mantle enriched in bridgmanite can explain the polarity behavior, further constraining mineralogy within the large low seismic velocity provinces.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Polarities of seismic waves reflecting at structures in the Earth's mantle indicate seismic velocity changes there. For the lowermost mantle reflector, a velocity increase generates a polarity that is the same for the main wave and the core‐reflected wave. If, however, the percentage change of the velocity of the S wave increases at least three times as much as that of the P wave velocity (expressed as the R‐value, the ratio dVs/dVp), the polarity of the D"‐reflected PdP wave changes polarity, becoming opposite to both the main P wave and the reflection from the core‐mantle boundary below it. Here, we analyze sets of 1 million models with variable compositions of mantle material and mid‐ocean ridge basalt and use an advanced statistical method to identify those combinations of minerals that produce large positive R‐values. We distinguish four cases and find that previous explanations for three of these cases concur with our analysis. For regions where velocities decrease over the D" reflector, our analysis shows that enrichment with the lower‐mantle mineral bridgmanite is responsible for the observed polarity behavior of P and S waves. This means that for regions such as large low‐velocity anomalies in the lowermost mantle, primitive or bridgmanite‐enriched material is the preferred explanation.
    Description: Key Points: Ratio (R) of S‐ over P wave velocity changes (%) controls the polarity of P wave reflections at D" reflector. Thermochemical modeling and statistical analysis show specific minerals contributing to large R‐values. Polarity observations indicate that part of the Pacific large low seismic velocity province is due to bridgmanite enrichment.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Agence Nationale de la Recherche http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003246
    Description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Description: https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XE_2003
    Description: https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/TA
    Keywords: ddc:551.12 ; seismology ; wave polarity ; statistics ; thermochemical modeling ; D
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A review on risk assessment in managed aquifer recharge (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) refers to a suite of methods that is increasingly being applied worldwide for sustainable groundwater management to tackle drinking or irrigation water shortage or to restore and maintain groundwater ecosystems. The potential for MAR is far from being exhausted, not only due to geological and hydrogeological conditions or technical and economic feasibility but also due to its lack of acceptance by the public and policymakers. One approach to enable the safe and accepted use of MAR could be to provide comprehensive risk management, including the identification, analysis, and evaluation of potential risks related to MAR. This article reviews current MAR risk assessment methodologies and guidelines and summarizes possible hazards and related processes. It may help planners and operators select the appropriate MAR risk assessment approaches and support the risk identification process. In addition to risk assessment (and subsequent risk treatment) related to the MAR implementation phase, this review also addresses risk assessment for MAR operation. We also highlight the limitations and lessons learned from the application and development of risk assessment methodologies. Moreover, developments are recommended in the area of MAR‐related risk assessment methodologies and regulation. Depending on data availability, collected methodologies may be applicable for MAR sites worldwide. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1513–1529. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
    Description: Key Points: The past two decades have seen a marked increase in the literature on MAR‐related risk assessment, and a further increase is expected, since more attractive strategies are being used worldwide for integrated groundwater management. The development of holistic risk management plans can improve social acceptability and contribute to safer implementation and operation of MAR schemes. In connection with holistic risk management, MAR can be seen as a viable option for reaching the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal #6. Widely lacking regulations worldwide for risk assessment of MAR schemes is identified to hinder MAR implementation and safe operation worldwide.
    Description: DEEPWATER‐CE
    Description: ENeRAG
    Keywords: ddc:553.7 ; Groundwater management ; Guidelines ; Managed aquifer recharge ; Methodologies ; Risk assessment
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Eruption Forecasting of Strokkur Geyser, Iceland, Using Permutation Entropy (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: A volcanic eruption is usually preceded by seismic precursors, but their interpretation and use for forecasting the eruption onset time remain a challenge. A part of the eruptive processes in open conduits of volcanoes may be similar to those encountered in geysers. Since geysers erupt more often, they are useful sites for testing new forecasting methods. We tested the application of Permutation Entropy (PE) as a robust method to assess the complexity in seismic recordings of the Strokkur geyser, Iceland. Strokkur features several minute‐long eruptive cycles, enabling us to verify in 63 recorded cycles whether PE behaves consistently from one eruption to the next one. We performed synthetic tests to understand the effect of different parameter settings in the PE calculation. Our application to Strokkur shows a distinct, repeating PE pattern consistent with previously identified phases in the eruptive cycle. We find a systematic increase in PE within the last 15 s before the eruption, indicating that an eruption will occur. We quantified the predictive power of PE, showing that PE performs better than seismic signal strength or quiescence when it comes to forecasting eruptions.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: When a volcano shows the first sign of activity, it is challenging to determine whether and when the actual eruption will occur. Usually, researchers create earthquake lists and locate these events to assess this. However, an alternative and simpler method can be directly applied to continuous seismic data. We tested a method that assesses the complexity of signals. We first created synthetic data to find reasonable parameter settings for this method. While volcanoes do not erupt very often, frequent eruptions at geysers allow us to systematically study and compare several eruptions. We analyzed the continuous record of 63 eruptions of the Strokkur geyser, Iceland. Our results show a distinct pattern that repeats from one eruption to the next one. We also find a clear pattern that indicates about 15 s before the next eruption that an eruption will occur. We show that this method performs better in eruption forecasting than assessing the seismic noise or silence caused by the geyser.
    Description: Key Points: Permutation Entropy (PE) is a simple tool to assess the complexity of a time series. We analyzed the PE evolution for 63 eruptive cycles of Strokkur geyser and found characteristic changes in PE during recharge. PE is found to be an useful statistical predictor of the eruption times and highlights the precursor 15 s before eruptions.
    Description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Description: https://geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/doi/network/7L/2017
    Description: https://gitup.uni-potsdam.de/pujiastutisudibyo/permutationentropy
    Keywords: ddc:551.21 ; permutation entropy ; forecasting ; geyser ; eruption ; hydrothermal system ; volcano‐seismology
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ice Aggregation in Low‐Level Mixed‐Phase Clouds at a High Arctic Site: Enhanced by Dendritic Growth and Absent Close to the Melting Level (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Low‐level mixed‐phase clouds (MPCs) occur extensively in the Arctic, and are known to play a key role for the energy budget. While their characteristic structure is nowadays well understood, the significance of different precipitation‐formation processes, such as aggregation and riming, is still unclear. Using a 3‐year data set of vertically pointing W‐band cloud radar and K‐band Micro Rain Radar (MRR) observations from Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, we statistically assess the relevance of aggregation in Arctic low‐level MPCs. Combining radar observations with thermodynamic profiling, we find that larger snowflakes (mass median diameter larger than 1 mm) are predominantly produced in low‐level MPCs whose mixed‐phase layer is at temperatures between −15 and −10°C. This coincides with the temperature regime known for favoring aggregation due to growth and subsequent mechanical entanglement of dendritic crystals. Doppler velocity information confirms that these signatures are likely due to enhanced ice particle growth by aggregation. Signatures indicative of enhanced aggregation are however not distributed uniformly across the cloud deck, and only observed in limited regions, suggesting a link with dynamical effects. Low Doppler velocity values further indicate that significant riming of large particles is unlikely at temperatures colder than −5°C. Surprisingly, we find no evidence of enhanced aggregation at temperatures warmer than −5°C, as is typically observed in deeper cloud systems. Possible reasons are discussed, likely connected to the ice habits that form at temperatures warmer than −10°C, increased riming, and lack of particle populations characterized by broader size distributions precipitating from higher altitudes.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Low‐level mixed‐phase clouds (MPCs), that is, shallow clouds containing both liquid droplets and ice crystals, form frequently in the Arctic region. Their characteristic structure—consisting of one or multiple liquid layers at sub‐zero temperatures, from which ice crystals form and precipitate—is nowadays well understood. However, the processes that lead to the growth of ice crystals into snow have been overlooked. Using a 3‐year data set of radar observations from Ny‐Ålesund, in Svalbard, Norway, we are able to identify situations when the ice particle growth is dominated by aggregation of several individual crystals. Combining radar observations with temperature information, we find that larger snowflakes are only produced in MPCs if their liquid portion is at temperatures between −15 and −10°C. This coincides with the temperature regime known for favoring aggregation due to growth and subsequent entanglement of branched crystals. Surprisingly, we find no evidence of enhanced ice aggregation at temperatures warmer than −5°C, as is typically observed in deeper cloud systems. Possible reasons are discussed, likely connected to the ice crystal shapes that develop at temperatures warmer than −10°C, increased liquid droplet production, and lack of particles precipitating from higher altitudes.
    Description: Key Points: Low‐level mixed‐phase clouds (MPCs) at Ny‐Ålesund produce large aggregates predominantly at dendritic‐growth temperatures. Enhanced aggregation due to dendritic growth occurs intermittently in limited regions of the MPC. The typically observed enhanced aggregation zone close to 0°C is absent in low‐level MPCs at the site.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; Arctic mixed‐phase clouds ; aggregation ; riming ; dendritic‐growth zone ; radar
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Multi‐episodic formation of baddeleyite and zircon in polymetamorphic anorthosite and rutile‐bearing ilmenitite from the Chiapas Massif Complex, Mexico (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Massif‐type anorthosite and comagmatic associations of rutile‐bearing ilmenitite (RBI) and oxide‐apatite‐rich amphibolite (OARA) from the Chiapas Massif Complex (CMC) in southeastern Mexico display a protracted billion‐year accessory mineral record encompassing magmatic crystallization at c. 1.0 Ga to recent ductile shear deformation at c. 3.0 Ma. Multiple discrete zircon populations between these age end‐members resulted from neoformation/recrystallization during local to regional metamorphism that affected the southeastern portion of the CMC. The ubiquitous presence of relict baddeleyite (ZrO2), along with various zircon generations spatially associated with pristine to partly retrogressed Zr‐bearing igneous and metamorphic minerals (e.g., ilmenite, rutile, högbomite and garnet), suggests significant Zr diffusive re‐equilibration (exsolution) during slow cooling and mineral breakdown followed by crystallization of baddeleyite. The subsequent transformation of baddeleyite into zircon was likely driven by reaction with Si‐bearing fluids in several geochronologically identified metamorphic stages. Strikingly contrasting compositional signatures in coeval zircon from anorthosite (silicate‐dominated) and comagmatic RBI (Ti‐Fe‐oxide‐dominated) indicate a major role of fluids locally equilibrating with the rock matrix, as indicated by distinct zircon trace element and oxygen isotopic compositions. A high‐grade metamorphic event at c. 950 Ma is likely responsible for the formation of coarse‐grained rutile (~0.1–10 mm in diameter), srilankite, zircon and garnet with rutile inclusions as well as metamorphic högbomite surrounding Fe‐Mg spinel. Zr‐in‐rutile minimum temperatures suggest 〉730°C for this event, which may correlate to rutile‐forming granulite facies metamorphism in other Grenvillian‐aged basement rocks in Mexico and northern South America. A younger generation of baddeleyite exsolution occurred during post‐peak cooling of coarse‐grained rutile, reflected in rimward Zr depletion and formation of discontinuous baddeleyite coronas. Baddeleyite around rutile was then transformed into zircon possibly during subsequent metamorphism at c. 920 or 620 Ma, resulting from syn‐kinematic and contact metamorphism, respectively. Regional metamorphism at c. 450 and 250 Ma extensively overprinted the existing zircon population, especially during the Triassic event, as suggested by a significant presence of zircon with this age. Nearly pristine baddeleyite occurring interstitial to ilmenite yielded an isochron age of c. 232 Ma according to in situ U–Pb secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), suggesting either formation during metamorphic peak conditions or post‐peak cooling. Zircon with ages of c. 80–100 Ma in anorthosite is identified for the first time within the CMC and coincides with cooling ages of c. 100 Ma for coarse‐grained rutile. This age is similar to those of rocks occurring ~200 km further to the east in Guatemala, which are also bounded to the Polochic fault system but overprinted by eclogite facies metamorphism. A high‐pressure event in the southern CMC after 200 Ma, however, is presently unsupported. Although the abundance of rutile and ilmenite is unusually high in the CMC anorthosite assemblage compared with common igneous rocks, the reactions documented here nonetheless stress the importance of these phases for generating Zr‐bearing accessory minerals over a wide range of metamorphic conditions.
    Description: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003141
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; Diffusion ; SIMS ; Srilankite ; Ti‐Fe deposits ; Ti‐in‐zircon ; Zr‐in‐rutile
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Jovian Auroral Electron Precipitation Budget—A Statistical Analysis of Diffuse, Mono‐Energetic, and Broadband Auroral Electron Distributions (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Recent observations by the Juno spacecraft have shown that electrons contributing to Jupiter's main auroral emission appear to be frequently characterized by broadband electron distributions, but also less often mono‐energetic electron distributions are observed as well. In this work, we quantitatively derive the occurrence rates of the various electron distributions contributing to Jupiter's aurora. We perform a statistical analysis of electrons measured by the JEDI‐instrument within 30–1,200 keV from Juno's first 20 orbits. We determine the electron distributions, either pancake, field‐aligned, mono‐energetic, or broadband, through energy and pitch angles to associate various acceleration mechanisms. The statistical analysis shows that field‐aligned accelerated electrons at magnetic latitudes greater than 76° are observed in 87.6% ± 7.2% of the intervals time averaged over the dipole L‐shells according the main oval. Pancake distributions, indicating diffuse aurora, are prominent at smaller magnetic latitudes (〈76°) with an occurrence rate of 86.2% ± 9.6%. Within the field‐aligned electron distributions, we see broadband distributions 93.0% ± 3.8% of the time and a small fraction of isolated mono‐energetic distribution structures 7.0% ± 3.8% of the time. Furthermore, these occurrence statistics coincide with the findings from our energy flux statistics regarding the electron distributions. Occurrence rates thus also characterize the overall energetics of the different distribution types. This study indicates that stochastic acceleration is dominating the auroral processes in contrast to Earth where the discrete aurora is dominating.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: With the Juno spacecraft arriving in the magnetosphere of Jupiter, first flyby particle measurements have changed the knowledge about the developing process of Jupiter's intense aurora. The observations of auroral particles show a stochastic behavior rather than a preference for specific energy. Our statistical analysis of the first 20 flybys at Jupiter compares the occurrence of different particle distributions and highlights the importance of different generation theories for Jupiter's aurora. A generation via stochastic rather than mono‐energetic behavior is deduced and supports previous observations.
    Description: Key Points: We present a statistical study of Jupiter's auroral electrons within 30–1,200 keV based on Juno's first 20 perijoves. Broadband electron distributions dominates Jupiter's main auroral zone as they are observed in 93% ± 3% of the intervals studied here. Dominance of broadband distributions underlines the importance of a turbulent or stochastic acceleration process.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Universität zu Köln http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008001
    Description: https://lasp.colorado.edu/home/mop/files/2015/02/CoOrd_systems7.pdf
    Description: https://pds-ppi.igpp.ucla.edu/mission/JUNO/JNO/JEDI
    Description: https://lasp.colorado.edu/home/mop/files/2020/04/20190412_Imai_MagFootReader_UIowa_rev.pdf
    Keywords: ddc:523 ; auroral precipitation budget ; particle distribution ; Jupiter ; Juno
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Drought Conditions Enhance Groundwater Table Fluctuations Caused by Hydropower Plant Management (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Management of hydropower plants strongly influences streamflow dynamics and hence the interaction between surface water and groundwater. As dam operations cause variations in river stages, these can result in changes in the groundwater level at multiple temporal scales. In this work, we study the case of an Alpine aquifer, where weekly fluctuations are particularly pronounced. We consider an area with four river reaches differently impacted by reservoir operations and investigate the influence of these rivers on the common aquifer. Using continuous wavelet transform and wavelet coherence analysis, we show that weekly fluctuations in the groundwater table are particularly pronounced in dry years, in particular in the winter season, although the area of the aquifer impacted by dam operations remains almost unchanged. We thus observe that in Alpine catchments, surface water‐groundwater interaction is sensitive to the conditions determined by a specific hydrological year. We also investigate the influences of the river‐aquifer water fluxes and show that under dry conditions hydropeaking mainly affects their temporal dynamics. Our observations have significant consequences for predicting nutrient and temperature dynamics/regimes in river‐aquifer systems impacted by hydropower plant management.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The operation of hydropower plants affects the water level in the downstream part of the river, which in turn can alter the groundwater level. In this work, we study an Alpine aquifer crossed by rivers differently impacted by hydropower production. We use statistical tools to analyze the interaction between the rivers and the groundwater, and observe that this interaction is sensitive to the conditions of the hydrological year, such as dry periods.
    Description: Key Points: Wavelet power spectrum and coherence analysis is used to study river‐aquifer interactions under dam operations in an Alpine catchment. The impact of reservoir operations on the aquifer is strongest under low flow conditions but the area impacted shows little variation. Under low flow conditions, dam operations considerably influence the frequency of the water exchange between rivers and aquifer.
    Description: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003141
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Consejo Veracruzano de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico
    Description: https://doi.org/10.17632/97jchhz4s8.2
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; surface water‐groundwater interaction ; hydropower ; managed rivers ; groundwater modeling
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Record summers in Europe: Variations in drought and heavy precipitation during 1901–2018 (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: During the last 20 years some very hot and dry summers affected Europe, resulting in regionally record‐breaking high temperature or low precipitation values. Long‐term changes of such extremely hot and dry summers are of great relevance for our society, as they are connected with manifold negative impacts on human society, natural ecosystems, and diverse economic sectors. Long‐term variations in drought and five record drought summer half years are studied based on 63 stations across Europe with high‐quality precipitation and temperature time series spanning the period 1901–2018. Eight drought indices are deployed to analyse drought intensity, frequency, and duration; four of them purely precipitation‐based and four integrating potential evapotranspiration in the computation. Additionally, three heavy precipitation indices and simultaneous increases in drought and heavy precipitation are studied. The five driest summer half years over Europe are identified (1947, 2018, 2003, 1921, and 1911). They are analysed by aggregating eight drought indices into the aggregated drought evaluation index (ADE) for five subregions. The ADE shows increasing summer drought conditions over most of Europe, except for some stations in northern Europe. The increase in drought conditions during the warm part of the year is particularly pronounced for indices integrating evapotranspiration in their definition. At the same time, the intensity of heavy precipitation events shows a positive trend, as well as an increased contribution to total precipitation. Several stations in central Europe show simultaneously increasing drought conditions and increasing heavy precipitation events. This increases the risks connected with precipitation extremes.
    Description: Drought and heavy precipitation trends are studied for selected stations with long time series. Both extreme events are related to specific impacts on different economic sectors and thus society. Stations that simultaneously show increasing trends in drought and heavy precipitation mainly occur in central Europe. This indicates a probably higher exposure to these risks in central Europe as well as a demand for broader adaptation options in this region.
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; climate indices ; climate variability and change ; dry periods ; mRAI ; WBAI
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Earthquake Rupture on Multiple Splay Faults and Its Effect on Tsunamis (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Detailed imaging of accretionary wedges reveals splay fault networks that could pose a significant tsunami hazard. However, the dynamics of multiple splay fault activation during megathrust earthquakes and the consequent effects on tsunami generation are not well understood. We use a 2‐D dynamic rupture model with complex topo‐bathymetry and six curved splay fault geometries constrained from realistic tectonic loading modeled by a geodynamic seismic cycle model with consistent initial stress and strength conditions. We find that all splay faults rupture coseismically. While the largest splay fault slips due to a complex rupture branching process from the megathrust, all other splay faults are activated either top down or bottom up by dynamic stress transfer induced by trapped seismic waves. We ascribe these differences to local non‐optimal fault orientations and variable along‐dip strength excess. Generally, rupture on splay faults is facilitated by their favorable stress orientations and low strength excess as a result of high pore‐fluid pressures. The ensuing tsunami modeled with non‐linear 1‐D shallow water equations consists of one high‐amplitude crest related to rupture on the longest splay fault and a second broader wave packet resulting from slip on the other faults. This results in two episodes of flooding and a larger run‐up distance than the single long‐wavelength (300 km) tsunami sourced by the megathrust‐only rupture. Since splay fault activation is determined by both variable stress and strength conditions and dynamic activation, considering both tectonic and earthquake processes is relevant for understanding tsunamigenesis.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: In subduction zones, where one tectonic plate moves beneath another, earthquakes can occur on many different faults. Splay faults are relatively steep faults that branch off the largest fault (the megathrust) in a subduction zone. As they are steeper than the megathrust, the same amount of movement on them could result in more vertical displacement of the seafloor. Therefore, splay faults are thought to play an important role in the generation of tsunamis. Here, we use computer simulations to study if an earthquake can break multiple splay faults at once and how this affects the resulting tsunami. We find that multiple splay faults can indeed fail during a single earthquake due to the stress changes from trapped seismic waves, which promote rupture on splay faults. Rupture on splay faults results in larger seafloor displacements with smaller wavelengths, so the ensuing tsunami is bigger and results in two main flooding episodes at the coast. Our results show that it is important to consider rupture on splay faults when assessing tsunami hazard.
    Description: Key Points: Multiple splay faults can be activated during a single earthquake by megathrust slip and dynamic stress transfer due to trapped waves. Splay fault activation is facilitated by their favorable orientation with respect to the local stress field and their closeness to failure. Long‐term geodynamic stresses and fault geometries affect dynamic splay fault rupture and the subsequent tsunami.
    Description: Volkswagen Foundation (VolkswagenStiftung) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001663
    Description: Royal Society (The Royal Society) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288
    Description: EC | H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (ERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Description: https://github.com/TUM-I5/SWE
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6969455
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; earthquake ; tsunami ; subduction zone ; dynamic rupture ; splay fault ; numerical modeling
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nutrient and Silicon Isotope Dynamics in the Laptev Sea and Implications for Nutrient Availability in the Transpolar Drift (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Realistic prediction of the near‐future response of Arctic Ocean primary productivity to ongoing warming and sea ice loss requires a mechanistic understanding of the processes controlling nutrient bioavailability. To evaluate continental nutrient inputs, biological utilization, and the influence of mixing and winter processes in the Laptev Sea, the major source region of the Transpolar Drift (TPD), we compare observed with preformed concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP), silicic acid (DSi), and silicon isotope compositions of DSi (δ30SiDSi) obtained for two summers (2013 and 2014) and one winter (2012). In summer, preformed nutrient concentrations persisted in the surface layer of the southeastern Laptev Sea, while diatom‐dominated utilization caused intense northward drawdown and a pronounced shift in δ30SiDSi from +0.91 to +3.82‰. The modeled Si isotope fractionation suggests that DSi in the northern Laptev Sea originated from the Lena River and was supplied during the spring freshet, while riverine DSi in the southeastern Laptev Sea was continuously supplied during the summer. Primary productivity fueled by river‐borne nutrients was enhanced by admixture of DIN‐ and DIP‐rich Atlantic‐sourced waters to the surface, either by convective mixing during the previous winter or by occasional storm‐induced stratification breakdowns in late summer. Substantial enrichments of DSi (+240%) and DIP (+90%) beneath the Lena River plume were caused by sea ice‐driven redistribution and remineralization. Predicted weaker stratification on the outer Laptev Shelf will enhance DSi utilization and removal through greater vertical DIN supply, which will limit DSi export and reduce diatom‐dominated primary productivity in the TPD.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Ongoing warming and sea ice loss in the Arctic Ocean may significantly impact biological productivity, which is mainly controlled by light and nutrient availability. To investigate nutrient inputs from land, biological utilization, and the influence of water mass mixing and winter processes on the nutrient distributions, we measured nutrient concentrations and silicon isotopes in the Laptev Sea. We found high concentrations in the southeastern Laptev Sea in agreement with nutrient inputs from the Lena River. Toward the northern Laptev Sea, nutrient concentrations decreased in the surface layer and the silicon isotope signatures shifted to heavier values, consistent with nutrient utilization by phytoplankton. In contrast to the depleted surface layer, the bottom layer beneath the Lena River plume was strongly enriched in some nutrients, which we attribute to different physical and biogeochemical processes. These observations are important for our understanding of nutrient bioavailability in the Laptev Sea and the Transpolar Drift (TPD), which is a surface current that connects the Laptev Sea with the central Arctic Ocean and the Fram Strait. The changing hydrography of the Laptev Sea will likely cause a decrease in silicic acid concentrations and thus a reduction in nutrient export and diatom‐dominated primary productivity in the TPD.
    Description: Key Points: Surface dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), silicic acid (DSi), and Si isotope dynamics are controlled by marine and riverine inputs and uptake by phytoplankton. Strong DIP and DSi enrichments beneath the Lena River plume are due to sea ice‐driven nutrient redistribution and remineralization. Enhanced DSi utilization in the Laptev Sea will lead to a reduced diatom‐dominated primary productivity in the Transpolar Drift.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Ocean Frontier Institute http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010784
    Description: Canada First Research Excellence Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010785
    Description: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.931257
    Description: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.931240
    Description: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.931209
    Description: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.938259
    Keywords: ddc:577.7 ; Arctic Ocean ; Laptev Sea ; transpolar drift ; nutrients ; silicon isotopes ; diatoms
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Climate Change, Pollution, Deforestation, and Mental Health: Research Trends, Gaps, and Ethical Considerations (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Climate change, pollution, and deforestation have a negative impact on global mental health. There is an environmental justice dimension to this challenge as wealthy people and high‐income countries are major contributors to climate change and pollution, while poor people and low‐income countries are heavily affected by the consequences. Using state‐of‐the art data mining, we analyzed and visualized the global research landscape on mental health, climate change, pollution and deforestation over a 15‐year period. Metadata of papers were exported from PubMed®, and both relevance and relatedness of terms in different time frames were computed using VOSviewer. Co‐occurrence graphs were used to visualize results. The development of exemplary terms over time was plotted separately. The number of research papers on mental health and environmental challenges is growing in a linear fashion. Major topics are climate change, chemical pollution, including psychiatric medication in wastewater, and neurobiological effects. Research on specific psychiatric syndromes and diseases, particularly on their ethical and social aspects is less prominent. There is a growing body of research literature on links between mental health, climate change, pollution, and deforestation. This research provides a graphic overview to mental healthcare professionals and political stakeholders. Social and ethical aspects of the climate change‐mental health link have been neglected, and more research is needed.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Climate change, deforestation, and pollution are having a major effect on mental health all around the world. Yet there are huge disparities on how these negative consequences affect people within and between countries. We analyzed large databases of research articles using digital tools (data mining) to uncover the direction of scientific research and areas that have received less scholarly attention. While research linking climate change to mental health issues is expanding, a detailed examination of the social justice dimension of how climate change and pollution are affecting the different groups of people is still relatively scarce. We provide a graphical overview of the most important research keywords of the last 15 years.
    Description: Key Points: Climate change, pollution, and deforestation threaten global mental health and need to be addressed as a mental health issue. Data mining can help to uncover trends and gaps in research. Mental health research on climate change and pollution is growing, while research linking these to environmental injustice is less prominent.
    Description: Clinician Scientist Programme of the Medical Faculty of Ulm University
    Keywords: ddc:363.7 ; climate change ; mental health ; data mining ; medical ethics ; contamination ; environmental justice
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Non‐Tidal Background Modeling for Satellite Gravimetry Based on Operational ECWMF and ERA5 Reanalysis Data: AOD1B RL07 (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: The Atmosphere and Ocean De‐Aliasing Level‐1B (AOD1B) product provides a priori information about temporal variations in the Earth's gravity field induced by non‐tidal circulation processes in atmosphere and ocean. It is routinely applied as a background model in the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)/GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) satellite gravimetry data processing. We here present three new datasets in preparation for the upcoming release RL07 of AOD1B, that are based on either the global ERA5 reanalysis or the ECMWF operational data together with simulations from the Max‐Planck‐Institute for Meteorology general circulation model forced consistently with the fields of the same atmospheric data set. The oceanic simulations newly include an updated bathymetry around Antarctica including cavities under the ice shelves, the explicit implementation of the feedback effects of self‐attraction and loading to ocean dynamics as well as a refined harmonic tidal analysis. Comparison to the current release of AOD1B in terms of GRACE‐FO K‐band range‐acceleration pre‐fit residuals, LRI line‐of‐sight gravity differences and band‐pass filtered altimetry data reveals an overall improvement in the representation of the high‐frequency mass variability. Potential benefits of enhancing the temporal resolution remain inconclusive so that the upcoming release 07 will be sampled again every 3 hr.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Satellite gravimetry missions such as the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO), which play a vital role in the monitoring of the Earth's mass transports, require a priori background information on the high‐frequency mass variations which can not be resolved by the monthly gravity solutions. The Atmosphere and Ocean De‐Aliasing Level‐1B (AOD1B) data product provides the required background information for non‐tidal high‐frequency mass changes in the atmosphere and oceans. However, the accurate representation of these mass variations remains challenging and deficiencies in the background models have a significant impact on the overall gravity field errors. Thus, we here present three new datasets in preparation for an upcoming release of AOD1B (RL07). The datasets improve over previous releases by incorporating the effects of the self attraction and solid earth deformation caused by anomalous water masses (SAL), an improved representation of the bathymetry and atmospheric forcing around Antarctica, making use of the new ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis as well as an updated estimation and subtraction of atmospherically induced tidal signals. We compare the new data to the previous release of AOD1B using microwave‐ and laser‐ranging data from GRACE‐FO as well as Jason‐3 altimetry data and show a global improvement in the representation of high‐frequency mass changes.
    Description: Key Points: Atmospheric mass variability from ECMWF’s latest global reanalysis ERA5 is discussed. Ocean response from Max‐Planck‐Institute for Meteorology Ocean Model includes feedback of self‐attraction and loading. Applicable for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), GRACE Follow‐On, and legacy data from SLR satellites.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.3.2022.003
    Keywords: ddc:526.7 ; AOD1B RL07 ; GRACE ; ERA5 ; self‐attraction and loading ; satellite gravimetry
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Seismic Approach to Flood Detection and Characterization in Upland Catchments (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: About 10% of Europe's surface area is prone to rapid flooding of rivers confined in valleys. The devastating potential of such floods is exacerbated by the deficits of existing gauging networks, including low station densities and recording frequencies, and lack of information beyond stage height. Here, we use seismic data of the July 2021 Ahrtal flood, Germany, to extract information to complement sparse hydrometric data, and to reconstruct the rapid evolution of this fatal event. We show that a seismic station can deliver essential flood metrics such as magnitude, propagation velocity and debris transport rate. These seismic products provide high resolution insight to the non‐linear flood behavior. We argue that an approach combining distributed low‐cost seismometers with existing seismic stations, can provide important real time data on future catastrophic floods and associated hazards in upland catchments, offering precious response time also in currently ungauged landscapes.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Rapidly evolving floods are a major hazard for 10% of European landscapes. They are hard to adequately detect and describe by the classic gauge station scheme, but seismic sensors provide a valuable alternative to this difficulty. A seismometer can sense a flood like the devastating one that hit the Ahr valley, Germany, in July 2021 up to 1.5 km away. The seismic footprint of the flood allows to provide information on flood magnitude, velocity and trajectory at sub‐minute resolution and at near real time. We show how this new approach can be utilized for future flood protection.
    Description: Key Points: Seismic sensing of valley confined floods improves classic detection approaches. Near‐real time information on flood magnitude, trajectory, and velocity. Gate keeper seismometer networks can improve flood risk management in Europe.
    Description: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Description: Helmholtz Centre Potsdam—GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010956
    Description: German Research Foundation
    Keywords: ddc:622.1592 ; hazard ; realtime warning ; flash flood ; seismic
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Magmatic Activity and Dynamics of Melt Supply of Volcanic Centers of Ultraslow Spreading Ridges: Hints From Local Earthquake Tomography at the Knipovich Ridge (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Along ultraslow spreading ridges melt is distributed unequally, but melt focusing guides melt away from amagmatic segments toward volcanic centers. An interplay of tectonism and magmatism is thought to control melt ascent, but the detailed process of melt extraction is not yet understood. We present a detailed image of the seismic velocity structure of the Logachev volcanic center and adjacent region along the Knipovich Ridge. With travel times of P‐ and S‐waves of 3,959 earthquakes we performed a local earthquake tomography. We simultaneously inverted for source locations, velocity structure and the Vp/Vs‐ratio. An extensive low velocity anomaly coincident with high Vp/Vs‐ratios 〉1.9 lies underneath the volcanic center at depths of 10 km below sea level in an aseismic area. More shallow, tightly clustered earthquake swarms connect the anomaly to a shallow anomaly with high Vp/Vs‐ratio beneath the basaltic seafloor. We consider the deep low‐velocity anomaly to represent an area of partial melt from which melts ascent vertically to the surface and northwards into the adjacent segment. By comparing tomographic studies of the Logachev and Southwest Indian Ridge Segment‐8 volcano we conclude that volcanic centers of ultraslow spreading ridges host spatially confined, circular partial melt areas below 10 km depth, in contrast to the shallow extended melt lenses along fast spreading ridges. Lateral feeding over distances of 35 km is possible at orthogonal spreading segments, but limited at the obliquely spreading Knipovich Ridge.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Mid‐ocean ridges mark the tectonic plate boundaries, where the plates drift apart. Fresh magma rises into the gap and builds new seafloor. The slower the plates drift apart, the less magma is present underneath the ridge. At very slow spreading ridges there is not enough magma to build new seafloor along the entire length of the ridge. Rather, melt is guided toward individual volcanic centers spaced at about 100 km, where melt accumulates and ascents. In our study we try to find melt storage areas and ascent paths of such a volcanic center. With velocities of different seismic wave types from earthquakes we map the velocity structure of the area underneath the major Logachev volcanic center. Lower velocities indicate an area partly including melt at depths of more than 10 km, far deeper than at mid‐ocean ridges with sufficient melt supply. From the deep magma reservoir, many earthquake swarms map the long ascent path of melt to the surface. The interplay of magmatic and tectonic activity is important here. In a comparison with results from another volcanic center, we find that lateral magma feeding is possible in orthogonal spreading, but limited in oblique spreading, as at the Knipovich Ridge.
    Description: Key Points: Active volcanic centers at ultraslow spreading ridges host deeper and more confined partial melt areas than faster spreading ridges. Earthquake swarms delineate melt ascent paths from the partial melt area to the surface. Lateral feeding at shallow depths into subordinate segments is prevented by ridge obliquity.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; ultraslow spreading ; Knipovich Ridge ; local earthquake tomography ; seismicity ; mid‐ocean ridge ; partial melt area
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modeling Lithospheric Thickness Along the Conjugate South Atlantic Passive Margins Implies Asymmetric Rift Initiation (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: The lithospheric architecture of passive margins is crucial for understanding the tectonic processes that caused the breakup of Gondwana. We highlight the evolution of the South Atlantic passive margins by a simple thermal lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) model based on onset and cessation of rifting, crustal thickness, and stretching factors. We simulate lithospheric thinning and select the LAB as the T = 1,330°C isotherm, which is calculated by 1D advection and diffusion. Stretching factors and margin geometry are adjusted to state‐of‐the‐art data sets, giving a thermal LAB model that is especially designed for the continental margins of the South Atlantic. Our LAB model shows distinct variations along the passive margins that are not imaged by global LAB models, indicating different rifting mechanisms. For example, we model up to 200 km deep lithosphere in the South American Santos Basin and shallow lithosphere less than 60 km in the Namibe Basin offshore Africa. These two conjugate basins reflect a strong asymmetry in LAB depth that resembles variations in margin width. In a Gondwana reconstruction, we discuss these patterns together with seismic velocity perturbations for the Central and Austral Segments of the margins. The shallow lithosphere in the Namibe Basin correlates with signatures of the Angola Dome, attributed to epeirogenic uplift in the Neogene, suggesting an additional component of post‐breakup lithospheric thinning.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Passive margins mark the transition zone from a continent to the ocean without being an active boundary of tectonic plates. They are typical for all continents on the globe. In the South Atlantic, the passive margins are located adjacent to the eastern coastline of South America and the western coastline of Africa. Studying the architecture of passive margins is essential for understanding plate tectonic history of the earth because they define how the continents once fitted together and how they broke apart. Passive margin segments on opposite sides of an ocean form so called conjugate margin pairs. Most geophysical studies of passive margins focus on the first few kilometers under the surface. However, their deeper extension to the base of the rigid shell of the earth, known as lithospheric thickness, is to a large extent unknown. Based on a simple temperature model, we find that the lithospheric thickness is highly variable and shows large variations along the South Atlantic passive margins. These differences are associated with the extension of conjugate margin pairs: where one margin is narrower than the conjugate, its lithospheric thickness is greater. This asymmetry indicates that the geodynamic processes, causing the breakup of the two continents, must have been asymmetric as well. Offshore Angola, the lithosphere is modeled shallow and matches with relatively young rock signatures. This suggests additional tectonic activity on the African side after the breakup between the two continents occurred.
    Description: Key Points: A simple thermal lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) model for the South Atlantic passive margins has been developed. The LAB model shows distinct variations along the margins that correlate with margin widths. Conjugate margin pairs reflect an asymmetry in LAB depth patterns that are locally related to post‐breakup lithospheric thinning.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.3.2020.006
    Description: https://www.earthbyte.org/webdav/ftp/Data_Collections/Muller_etal_2019_Tectonics/
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7074000
    Description: https://earthbyte.org/webdav/ftp/Data_Collections/Haas_etal_2022_Tectonics/
    Keywords: ddc:551.13 ; passive margins ; South Atlantic ; thermal LAB ; rift asymmetry ; Gondwana
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Surface Wave and Roller Dissipation Observed With Shore‐Based Doppler Marine Radar (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Surface wave energy and dissipation are observed across the surf zone. Utilizing the concept of surface rollers, a new scaling is introduced to obtain the energy flux and dissipation related to rollers from Doppler velocities measured by a shore‐based X‐band marine radar. The dissipation of wave energy and hence the transformation of the incoming wave height (or energy) is derived using the coupled wave and roller energy balance equations. Results are compared to in‐situ wave measurements obtained from a wave rider buoy and two bottom mounted pressure wave gauges. A good performance in reproducing the significant wave height is found yielding an overall root‐mean‐square error of 0.22 m and a bias of −0.12 m. This is comparable to the skill of numerical wave models. In contrast to wave models, however, the radar observations of the wave and roller energy flux and dissipation neither require knowledge of the bathymetry nor the incident wave height. Along a 1.5 km long cross‐shore transect on a double‐barred, sandy beach in the southern North Sea, the highest dissipation rates are observed at the inner bar over a relatively short distance of less than 100 m. During the peak of a medium‐severe storm event with significant wave heights over 3 m, about 50% of the incident wave energy flux is dissipated at the outer bar.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Ocean waves are carrying a large amount of mechanical energy which they have gained from the wind blowing over the ocean surface. At the coast this energy supply generates strong water motions, creates forces on coastal structures, moves sand, and can cause coastal erosion. It is therefore important to know when, where, and to what extent wave energy is reduced under different environmental conditions. The majority of the energy is removed by wave breaking. However, this process is still not completely understood which is partly due to fact that it is difficult to observe. This is particularly the case during storm conditions when it is very complicated to install and recover measurement equipment in the ocean. The present work describes a methodology to obtain such measurements using a special radar device which is installed at the beach; hence, it is not being impacted by harsh wave conditions. This approach will enable scientists to perform long‐term monitoring of wave breaking thus opening new opportunities to study beach processes and coastal changes.
    Description: Key Points: high‐resolution observations of surface wave and roller dissipation as well as the transformation of wave height across the surf zone. the concept of surface rollers is applied to shore‐based X‐band Doppler radar data. in storm conditions, 50% of the wave energy is dissipated at a submerged outer sandbar, but strongest dissipation occurs further inshore.
    Description: Helmholtz Association http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Description: http://codm.hzg.de/codm
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/683PANGAEA.898407
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942014
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5787131
    Keywords: ddc:551.46 ; wave breaking ; X‐band radar ; roller concept ; close‐range remote sensing ; energy dissipation ; wave transformation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Leveraging Governance Performance to Enhance Climate Resilience (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Enhancing the resilience of complex social‐ecological systems (SES) to climate change requires transformative changes. Yet, there are knowledge gaps on how best to achieve transformation. In this study, we present an approach for assessing governance performance in SES and identifying leverage points to ultimately enhance climate resilience. The approach combines three different methods including a capital approach framework, fuzzy cognitive mapping, and a leverage points analysis. Using a coastal case‐study in Algoa Bay, South Africa, the performance of governance processes contributing to different forms of capital is assessed. Subsequently, leverage points ‐ where a small shift may lead to transformative changes in the system as a whole ‐ are identified based on measures of centrality and performance. Results suggest that a range of leverage points can improve governance performance and therefore climate resilience in the case‐study. Leverage points include improving (a) support from the provincial government; (b) priority given to climate change in the integrated development plan; (c) frequency of collaborations; (d) participation in the implementation of climate action plans; (e) allocation of funding to climate change actions; (f) the overall level of preparedness in terms of staff with relevant expertise; (g) public awareness and understanding of climate change. The approach can also be used to analyze and model the relations and interactions between capitals. The study advances methodological and theoretical knowledge on the identification of leverage points for enabling transformations toward climate resilience and broader sustainability goals in SES.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Climate change has severe impacts on both people and nature. Enhancing the ability to persist and adapt to climate change requires transformative governance of social‐ecological systems. However, more knowledge is required on how to enable such transformations. In this paper, we present an approach to measure the performance of different governance processes, such as decisions and actions for climate change adaptation made by public and governmental organizations. The approach aims to identify key processes, where a small intervention may improve overall performance for climate change adaptation, and therefore transformation. We apply the approach in a real‐world example in Algoa Bay, South Africa. Results suggest that different processes in the case‐study can be changed in order to enhance the ability to persist and adapt to climate change. This includes seven actions: (a) more support from governmental organizations; (b) greater priority given to climate change in relevant policies; (c) increasing the frequency of interactions between organizations; (d) enhancing the participation in the implementation of climate action plans; (e) better allocation of funding to climate change actions; (f) training staff within organizations to enhance their climate expertise; (g) improving public awareness and understanding of climate change.
    Description: Key Points: The study presents an approach for assessing governance performance and identifying leverage points in social‐ecological systems. The approach combines three different methods: a capital approach framework, fuzzy cognitive mapping, and a leverage points analysis. The study advances methodological and theoretical knowledge on how to operationalize transformation toward climate resilience.
    Description: Helmholtz‐Zentrum Hereon
    Description: Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009106
    Description: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20732788
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; social‐ecological systems ; climate change adaptation ; transformation ; leverage points ; coastal governance ; adaptive capacity
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Towards a more comprehensive assessment of the intensity of historical European heat waves (1979–2019) (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Europe has been affected by record‐breaking heat waves in recent decades. Using station data and a gridded reanalysis as input, four commonly used heat wave indices, the heat wave magnitude index daily (HWMId), excess heat factor (EHF), wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI), are computed. The extremeness of historical European heat waves between 1979 and 2019 using the four indices and different metrics is ranked. A normalisation to enable the comparison between the four indices is introduced. Additionally, a method to quantify the influence of the input parameters on heat wave magnitude is introduced. The spatio‐temporal behaviour of heat waves is assessed by spatial–temporal tracking. The areal extent, large‐scale intensity and duration are visualized using bubble plots. As expected, temperature explains the largest variance in all indices, but humidity is nearly as important in WBGT and wind speed plays a substantial role in UTCI. While the 2010 Russian heat wave is by far the most extreme event in duration and intensity in all normalized indices, the 2018 heat wave was comparable in size for EHF, WBGT and UTCI. Interestingly, the well‐known 2003 central European heat wave was only the fifth and tenth strongest in cumulative intensity in WBGT and UTCI, respectively. The June and July 2019 heat waves were very intense, but short‐lived, thus not belonging to the top heat waves in Europe when duration and areal extent are taken into account. Overall, the proposed normalized indices and the multi‐metric assessment of large‐scale heat waves allow for a more robust description of their extremeness and will be helpful to assess heat waves worldwide and in climate projections.
    Description: Europe has been affected by record‐breaking heat waves in recent decades. Using station data and a gridded reanalysis, the extremeness of European heat waves between 1979 and 2019 is ranked using four indices: heat wave magnitude index daily (HWMId), excess heat factor (EHF), wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI). In order to assess heatwaves worldwide and in climate projections, the spatial extent, large‐scale intensity and duration of heatwaves are visualized using bubble plots.
    Description: AXA Research Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001961
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009133
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; duration ; heat wave ; indices ; intensity ; large‐scale ; spatial extent
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Laboratory‐Generated Volcanic Lightning (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Over the last decades, remote observation tools and models have been developed to improve the forecasting of ash‐rich volcanic plumes. One challenge in these forecasts is knowing the properties at the vent, including the mass eruption rate and grain size distribution (GSD). Volcanic lightning is a common feature of explosive eruptions with high mass eruption rates of fine particles. The GSD is expected to play a major role in generating lightning in the gas thrust region via triboelectrification. Here, we experimentally investigate the electrical discharges of volcanic ash as a function of varying GSD. We employ two natural materials, a phonolitic pumice and a tholeiitic basalt (TB), and one synthetic material (soda‐lime glass beads [GB]). For each of the three materials, coarse and fine grain size fractions with known GSDs are mixed, and the particle mixture is subjected to rapid decompression. The experiments are observed using a high‐speed camera to track particle‐gas dispersion dynamics during the experiments. A Faraday cage is used to count the number and measure the magnitude of electrical discharge events. Although quite different in chemical composition, TB and GB show similar vent dynamics and lightning properties. The phonolitic pumice displays significantly different ejection dynamics and a significant reduction in lightning generation. We conclude that particle‐gas coupling during an eruption, which in turn depends on the GSD and bulk density, plays a major role in defining the generation of lightning. The presence of fines, a broad GSD, and dense particles all promote lightning.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Explosive volcanic eruptions are accompanied by volcanic lightning (VL), which are electrical discharges resulting from particles that become electrically charged during eruption. We investigated experimentally the discharge behavior of three different materials by performing shock‐tube experiments. We used different rocks and analog material. We focused on the abundance of particle sizes smaller 〈10 μm (very fine ash) by testing individual grain size fractions mixed with coarser grains. The jet behavior was recorded by a high‐speed camera. We find that the presence of very fine particles has a major influence on the probability to produce electrical discharges within the particle‐laden jet. Based on our experiments, more VL is expected when (a) fine ash is abundant, (b) there is a wide grain size distribution, and (c) the particles are dense.
    Description: Key Points: Electrical discharges are generated in experimentally decompressed volcanic ash. The presence of fines (〈10 μm), a broad grain size distribution, and dense particles promote laboratory‐generated volcanic lightning. The coupling of the particles to the jet determines whether an electrical discharge occurs within the jet.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: European Research Council
    Description: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Description: National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Description: CIFAR Earth 4D
    Keywords: ash ; electric charge ; rapid decompression ; volcanic lightning
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Seasonal Landslide Activity Lags Annual Precipitation Pattern in the Pacific Northwest (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Seasonal variations in landslide activity remain understudied compared to recent advances in landslide early warning at hourly to daily timescales. Here, we learn the seasonal pattern of monthly landslide activity in the Pacific Northwest from five heterogeneous landslide inventories with differing spatial and temporal coverage and reporting protocols combined in a Bayesian multi‐level model. We find that landslide activity is distinctly seasonal, with credible increases in landslide intensity, inter‐annual variability, and probability marking the onset of the landslide season in November. Peaks in landslide probability in January and intensity in February lag the annual peak in mean monthly precipitation and landslide activity is more variable in winter than in summer, when landslides are rare. For a given monthly rainfall, landslide intensity at the season peak in February is up to 10 times higher than at the onset in November, underlining the importance of antecedent seasonal hillslope conditions.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Better knowing when landslides are likely over the course of the year can reduce landslide risk by improving emergency preparedness. One research challenge is that catalogs of past landslides rarely cover the same areas or time periods, and have been collected in different ways. Here, we use statistical models to estimate monthly landslide activity in the Pacific Northwest. The models are able to combine five different landslide catalogs to make best use of all available information. We find a seasonal pattern in both the average number of landslides in a month and the probability of having any landslides. The landslide season begins in November, when the average number and the probability of landslides increase. The probability of landslides peaks in January and the average number in February, lagging behind winter rainfall peaks by one to two months. While landslides are least likely in summer, their activity is more variable in winter, with some winters bringing hundreds of landslides, and some very few. At the landslide season peak in February, a comparable amount of rain leads to many more landslides than at the onset in November, likely because already wet hillslopes are more prone to failure.
    Description: Key Points: Bayesian inference learns the seasonal pattern of landslide activity in the Pacific Northwest from five combined heterogeneous inventories. Landsliding is distinctly seasonal with highest probability (intensity) in January (February), lagging the annual precipitation peak. Landslide intensity for a given monthly rainfall during peak season in February is up to 10 times higher than at the onset in November.
    Description: DFG RTG NatRiskChange
    Description: https://data.nasa.gov/Earth-Science/Global-Landslide-Catalog/h9d8-neg4
    Keywords: ddc:551.3 ; landslide ; seasonality ; Pacific Northwest ; Bayesian multi‐level models ; logistic regression ; negative binomial regression
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Constraining Europa's Subsolar Atmosphere With a Joint Analysis of HST Spectral Images and Galileo Magnetic Field Data (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: We constrain Europa's tenuous atmosphere on the subsolar hemisphere by combining two sets of observations: oxygen emissions at 1,304 and 1,356 Å from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectral images and Galileo magnetic field measurements from its closest encounter, the E12 flyby. We describe Europa's atmosphere with three neutral gas species: global molecular (O2) and atomic oxygen (O), and localized water (H2O) present as a near‐equatorial plume and as a stable distribution concentrated around the subsolar point on the moon's trailing hemisphere. Our combined modeling based on the ratio of OI 1,356 to OI 1,304 Å emissions from Roth (2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094289) and on magnetic field data allows us to derive constraints on the density and location of O2 and H2O in Europa's atmosphere. We demonstrate that 50% of the O2 and between 50% and 75% of the H2O abundances from Roth (2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094289) are required to jointly explain the HST and Galileo measurements. These values are conditioned on a column density of O close to the upper limit of 6 × 1016 m−2 derived by Roth (2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094289), and on a strongly confined stable H2O atmosphere around the subsolar point. Our analysis yields column densities of 1.2 × 1018 m−2 for O2, and 1.5 × 1019 to 2.2 × 1019 m−2 at the subsolar point for H2O. Both column densities, however, still lie within the uncertainties of Roth (2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094289). Our results provide additional evidence for the existence of a stable H2O atmosphere at Europa.
    Description: Key Points: We combine Hubble Space Telescope spectral images and Galileo magnetometer data to constrain the density and location of water vapor in Europa's atmosphere. We simulate the plasma interaction for the Galileo E12 flyby with a three‐component atmosphere: global O2, stable confined H2O, and a plume. Using 50% of O2 and from 50% to 75% of H2O column densities from Roth (2021) yields magnetic field signatures consistent with both observations.
    Description: European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: http://doi.org/10.17189/1519667
    Keywords: ddc:523 ; Europa ; Jupiter ; moon‐magnetosphere interaction ; icy moons ; atmosphere
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Interconnected Magmatic Plumbing System of the Natron Rift (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Understanding the magmatic plumbing system of rift volcanoes is essential when examining the interplay between magmatic and tectonic forces. Recent seismicity, volcanic activity, magma emplacement, and volatile release make the Natron basin the ideal location to study these processes in the East African Rift System. Here, we present the first high‐resolution tomographic imaging of Oldoinyo Lengai volcano and surrounding volcanic systems using attenuation mapping. High scattering and absorption features reveal fluid‐filled fracture networks below regions of magmatic volatile release at the surface and a close spatial association between carbonatite volcanism and deeply penetrating, fluid‐filled faults. High‐absorption features appear sensitive to fluids and thermal gradients, revealing a central sill complex and connected plumbing system down to the mid‐crust, which links volcanoes and rift segments across the developing magmatic rift.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The interplay between magmatic and tectonic forces during rifting is still debated. While they are a key component of rift development, the complex structures of rifts and melt storage systems scatter and absorb seismic waves passing through them: in turn, this deteriorates the quality of the subsurface images we obtain from them. In this study, we use the loss of energy suffered by seismic waves to image the Natron basin, which hosts extinct volcanoes and the only active natrocarbonatite volcano on Earth, Oldoinyo Lengai. The results identify areas of melt storage and fracture networks that feed volatiles and melt to this volcano. Results suggest that carbonatite melts may ascend through the crust efficiently along deep‐seated faults systems, while silicate melts in the region may be primarily sourced from a separate melt reservoir. This reservoir, which is elongate and oriented oblique to the general trend of the rift, may act as a magmatic transfer zone between two rift segments.
    Description: Key Points: First fine‐scale 3D images reveal an interconnected rift plumbing system using scattering and absorption mapping. High scattering and absorption mark fluid‐filled faults that degas magmatic fluids and act as potential conduits for carbonatite melts. A high absorption melt reservoir feeds eruptions at Oldoinyo Lengai and dike intrusions and acts as a transfer zone between rift segments.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Description: Terrestrial Magmatic Systems
    Description: https://github.com/LucaDeSiena/MuRAT
    Description: https://doi.org/10.14470/4W7564850022
    Description: http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20101232
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; rift plumbing system ; attenuation imaging ; magma‐fault interactions ; Oldoinyo Lengai ; Natron Basin
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Seamless Integration of the Coastal Ocean in Global Marine Carbon Cycle Modeling (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: We present the first global ocean‐biogeochemistry model that uses a telescoping high resolution for an improved representation of coastal carbon dynamics: ICON‐Coast. Based on the unstructured triangular grid topology of the model, we globally apply a grid refinement in the land‐ocean transition zone to better resolve the complex circulation of shallow shelves and marginal seas as well as ocean‐shelf exchange. Moreover, we incorporate tidal currents including bottom drag effects, and extend the parameterizations of the model's biogeochemistry component to account explicitly for key shelf‐specific carbon transformation processes. These comprise sediment resuspension, temperature‐dependent remineralization in the water column and sediment, riverine matter fluxes from land including terrestrial organic carbon, and variable sinking speed of aggregated particulate matter. The combination of regional grid refinement and enhanced process representation enables for the first time a seamless incorporation of the global coastal ocean in model‐based Earth system research. In particular, ICON‐Coast encompasses all coastal areas around the globe within a single, consistent ocean‐biogeochemistry model, thus naturally accounting for two‐way coupling of ocean‐shelf feedback mechanisms at the global scale. The high quality of the model results as well as the efficiency in computational cost and storage requirements proves this strategy a pioneering approach for global high‐resolution modeling. We conclude that ICON‐Coast represents a new tool to deepen our mechanistic understanding of the role of the land‐ocean transition zone in the global carbon cycle, and to narrow related uncertainties in global future projections.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The coastal ocean is an area hardly taken into account by current climate change assessment activities. Yet, its capacity in carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and storage is crucial to be included in a science‐based development of sustainable climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. Earth system models are powerful tools to investigate the marine carbon cycle of the open ocean. The coastal ocean, however, is poorly represented in global models to date, because of missing key processes controlling coastal carbon dynamics and too coarse spatial resolutions to adequately simulate coastal circulation features. Here, we introduce the first global ocean‐biogeochemistry model with a dedicated representation of the coastal ocean and associated marine carbon dynamics: ICON‐Coast. In this model, we globally apply a higher resolution in the coastal ocean and extend the accounted physical and biogeochemical processes. This approach enables for the first time a consistent, seamless incorporation of the global coastal ocean in model‐based Earth system research. In particular, ICON‐Coast represents a new tool to deepen our understanding about the role of the land‐ocean transition zone in the global climate system, and to narrow related uncertainties in possible and plausible climate futures.
    Description: Key Points: We introduce the first global ocean‐biogeochemistry model with a dedicated representation of coastal carbon dynamics. We globally apply a grid refinement in the coastal ocean to better resolve regional circulation features, including ocean‐shelf exchange. We explicitly incorporate key physical and biogeochemical processes controlling coastal carbon dynamics.
    Description: German Research Foundation, Excellence Strategy EXC 2037 (CLICCS)
    Description: European Union, Horizon2020 Research and Innovation Program (ESM2025)
    Description: German Federal Ministry of Education
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6630352
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; coastal ocean ; global modeling ; marine carbon cycle ; variable‐resolution grid ; ocean‐biogiochemistry ; high‐resolution modeling
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Locally Resolved Stress‐State in Samples During Experimental Deformation: Insights Into the Effect of Stress on Mineral Reactions (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Understanding conditions in the Earth's interior requires data derived from laboratory experiments. Such experiments provide important insights into the conditions under which mineral reactions take place as well as processes that control the localization of deformation in the deep Earth. We performed Griggs‐type general shear experiments in combination with numerical models, based on continuum mechanics, to quantify the effect of evolving sample geometry of the experimental assembly. The investigated system is constituted by CaCO3 and the experimental conditions are near the calcite‐aragonite phase transition. All experimental samples show a heterogeneous distribution of the two CaCO3 polymorphs after deformation. This distribution is interpreted to result from local stress variations. These variations are in agreement with the observed phase‐transition patterns and grain‐size gradients across the experimental sample. The comparison of the mechanical models with the sample provides insights into the distribution of local mechanical parameters during deformation. Our results show that, despite the use of homogeneous sample material (here calcite), stress variations develop due to the experimental geometry. The comparison of experiments and numerical models indicates that aragonite formation is primarily controlled by the spatial distribution of mechanical parameters. Furthermore, we monitor the maximum pressure and σ1 that is experienced in every part of our model domain for a given amount of time. We document that local pressure (mean stress) values are responsible for the transformation. Therefore, if the role of stress as a thermodynamic potential is investigated in similar experiments, an accurate description of the state of stress is required.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: To understand processes in the Earth's interior, we can simulate the extreme conditions via laboratory experiments by compressing and heating millimeter‐sized samples. Such experiments provide important insights into mineral reactions and processes that control deformation in the Earth. We performed rock deformation experiments close to calcite‐aragonite phase (CaCO3) transition. Deforming the sample leads to stress variations due to the experimental geometry. These variations are documented by locally occurring phase transition and variation in the grain‐size. We performed computer simulations of the deforming sample to quantify, for the first time, the effect of sample geometry on the distribution of mechanical variables, such as stress, pressure, or deformation, inside the sample. The new findings document that any mechanical variable cannot be treated as homogeneous within the sample because the variations can be significant. Deforming the sample leads to stress concentrations. By comparing the experimental observations and simulation results, we show that locally high pressure triggers the phase transition to aragonite, the high‐pressure polymorph. This has important consequences for further thermodynamic interpretations of systems under stress, where the role of deformation, pressure, or maximum principal stress on mineral reactions is investigated.
    Description: Key Points: Heterogeneous stress distribution in deformation experiments is investigated by numerical models, locally resolving mechanical variables. Resolving the mechanical variables in experiments suggests a link between local pressure (mean stress) variations and phase transition. Thermodynamic interpretations of deformed samples require a detailed understanding of local mechanical parameters.
    Description: ETH Zürich Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012652
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6974768
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; deformation experiments ; numerical modeling ; phase transition ; rock deformation ; localization ; stress variations
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Hillslope Sediment Supply Limits Alluvial Valley Width (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: River‐valley morphology preserves information on tectonic and climatic conditions that shape landscapes. Observations suggest that river discharge and valley‐wall lithology are the main controls on valley width. Yet, current models based on these observations fail to explain the full range of cross‐sectional valley shapes in nature, suggesting hitherto unquantified controls on valley width. In particular, current models cannot explain the existence of paired terrace sequences that form under cyclic climate forcing. Paired river terraces are staircases of abandoned floodplains on both valley sides, and hence preserve past valley widths. Their formation requires alternating phases of predominantly river incision and predominantly lateral planation, plus progressive valley narrowing. While cyclic Quaternary climate changes can explain shifts between incision and lateral erosion, the driving mechanism of valley narrowing is unknown. Here, we extract valley geometries from climatically formed, alluvial river‐terrace sequences and show that across our dataset, the total cumulative terrace height (here: total valley height) explains 90%–99% of the variance in valley width at the terrace sites. This finding suggests that valley height, or a parameter that scales linearly with valley height, controls valley width in addition to river discharge and lithology. To explain this valley‐width‐height relationship, we reformulate existing valley‐width models and suggest that, when adjusting to new boundary conditions, alluvial valleys evolve to a width at which sediment removal from valley walls matches lateral sediment supply from hillslope erosion. Such a hillslope‐channel coupling is not captured in current valley‐evolution models. Our model can explain the existence of paired terrace sequences under cyclic climate forcing and relates valley width to measurable field parameters. Therefore, it facilitates the reconstruction of past climatic and tectonic conditions from valley topography.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Little is known on how valleys widen and what sets their width. Therefore, it remains difficult to model the wealth of valley geometries that occur in nature and to predict how valleys adjust to environmental changes. Paired river terraces are staircases of abandoned valley floors that preserve valley widths of the past. The formation of river‐terrace sequences requires changes between vertical river incision and lateral river erosion of valley walls. Moreover, to preserve terraces on both sides of the river, the valley has to narrow over time. While cyclic climate changes during the Quaternary can explain the alternations between vertical incision and lateral erosion, they cannot explain why those valleys narrow. Here we investigate past valley geometries in paired, climatically formed river terraces. We find a negative linear relationship between valley width and valley height. We propose that this relationship reflects a balance between sediment that is moved from hillslopes into the channel and the capacity of the river to remove this sediment. Higher valley walls contribute more sediment that protects the wall from further widening. By including this hillslope‐erosion term, valley‐formation models can reproduce paired river terraces, and allow us to work toward “reading” climatic conditions from valley geometries.
    Description: Key Points: Valley width in alluvial terraces is inversely proportional to valley height. We suggest sediment supply from river‐independent hillslope erosion limits valley width. The coupling of hillslopes and river channels demands revision of current valley‐evolution models.
    Description: EC H2020 PRIORITY “Excellent science” H2020 Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Actions http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2022.021
    Keywords: ddc:551.3 ; valley width ; river terraces
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Non‐exchangeable stable hydrogen isotope ratios in clay minerals and soil clay fractions: A method test (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H values) in structural hydroxyl groups of pedogenic clay minerals are inherited from the surrounding water at the time of their formation. Only non‐exchangeable H preserves the environmental forensic and paleoclimate information (δ2Hn value). To measure δ2Hn values in structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions, we adapted a steam equilibration method by accounting for high hygroscopicity. Our δ2Hn values for USGS57 biotite (−95.3 ± SD 0.9‰) and USGS58 muscovite (30.7 ± 1.4‰) differed slightly but significantly from the reported δ2H values (−91.5 ± 2.4‰ and −28.4 ± 1.6‰), because the minerals contained 1.1%–4.4% of exchangeable H. The low SD of replicate measurements (n = 3) confirmed a high precision. The clay separation method including destruction of Fe oxides, carbonates and soil organic matter, and dispersion did not significantly change the δ2Hn values of five different clay minerals. However, we were unable to remove all organic matter from the soil clay fractions resulting in an estimated bias of 1‰ in two samples and 15‰ in the carbon‐richest sample. Our results demonstrate that δ2Hn values of structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions can be reliably measured without interference from atmospheric water and the method used to separate the soil clay fraction. Highlights We tested steam equilibration to determine stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay. Gas‐tight capsule sealing in Ar atmosphere was necessary to avoid remoistening. Our steam equilibration method showed a high accuracy and precision. The clay separation method did not change stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; controlled isotope exchange technique ; deuterium ; montmorillonite ; soil clay separation ; soil organic matter removal ; steam equilibration ; structural H ; USGS57 biotite ; vermiculite ; δ2H
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Agent‐Based Modeling of Alternative Futures in the British Land Use System (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Socio‐economic scenarios such as the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) have been widely used to analyze global change impacts, but representing their diversity is a challenge for the analytical tools applied to them. Taking Great Britain as an example, we represent a set of stakeholder‐elaborated UK‐SSP scenarios, linked to climate change scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways), in a globally‐embedded agent‐based modeling framework. We find that distinct model components are required to account for divergent behavioral, social and societal conditions in the SSPs, and that these have dramatic impacts on land system outcomes. From strong social networks and environmental sustainability in SSP1 to land consolidation and technological intensification in SSP5, scenario‐specific model designs vary widely from one another and from present‐day conditions. Changes in social and human capitals reflecting social cohesion, equality, health and education can generate impacts larger than those of technological and economic change, and comparable to those of modeled climate change. We develop an open‐access, transferrable model framework and provide UK‐SSP projections to 2080 at 1 km2 resolution, revealing large differences in land management intensities, provision of a range of ecosystem services, and the knowledge and motivations underlying land manager decision‐making. These differences suggest the existence of large but underappreciated areas of scenario space, within which novel options for land system sustainability could occur.
    Description: Key Points: A national‐scale agent‐based model is developed to represent paired climatic and socio‐economic scenarios in the land system. Key scenario characteristics relate to forms of human behavior, interactions and societal preferences. Large differences emerge between scenarios in terms of land management intensities, ecosystem service provision and land sparing.
    Description: Helmholtz Association http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Description: Natural Environment Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270
    Description: Climate Resilience Programme
    Description: Forestry Commission UK Forestry Commission http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100017497
    Description: UKRI, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
    Description: Global Food Security Programme
    Description: DAAD, German Academic Exchange Service London http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001654
    Description: Government of the United Kingdom http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013986
    Description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009133
    Description: Leibniz‐Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001664
    Description: https://landchange.earth/CRAFTY
    Description: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/CY8WE
    Keywords: ddc:333.7 ; land use change ; land use model ; scenario analysis ; socio‐economic scenario ; model evaluation ; TRACE
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Decadal Prediction of Marine Heatwaves in MPI‐ESM (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Marine Heatwaves (MHW) are SST extremes that can have devastating impacts on marine ecosystems and can influence circulation patterns in the ocean and the atmosphere. Here, we present a first attempt to study the decadal predictability of MHW in an ensemble of decadal hindcasts based on the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. For the global mean we find significant skill for the multiyear MHW trends but we cannot predict the interannual to decadal variability of MHW. In the Subpolar North Atlantic, we can predict the interannual to decadal variability of MHW days and frequency up to lead year 8. We demonstrate that in the Subpolar North Atlantic, any increase in SST is accompanied by more MHW and vice versa. Thereby we gain additional information about the decadal evolution of SST that go beyond predicting the yearly mean SST.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Marine Heatwaves (MHW) are periods with extremely warm ocean temperatures that can be disruptive for many marine ecosystems. Here, we provide an attempt to predict the evolution of MHW in the global ocean for the following two to ten years. With this analysis we improve our understanding of the predictability of surface temperatures in the global ocean. We find that there are strong regional differences in the predictability of MHW. One region where MHW can be predicted successfully is the Subpolar North Atlantic. We show that an increase in mean ocean temperature also results in an increase in MHW.
    Description: Key Points: Global mean multiyear trends for Marine Heatwaves (MHW) days and frequency can be skillfully predicted for the following two to eight years. In the Subpolar North Atlantic, yearly characteristics MHW days and frequency are predictable up to leadyear eight. Any increase in SST in the Subpolar North Atlantic is accompanied by an increase in MHW and vice versa.
    Description: Copernicus Climate Change Service
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: http://hdl.handle.net/hdl:21.14106/f2fdc61b13828ed5284f4e4ab41e63f8a84c6e52
    Keywords: ddc:551.46 ; Marine Heatwaves ; decadal predictions ; North Atlantic ; extreme events
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Hydrologic Turnover Matters — Gross Gains and Losses of Six First‐Order Streams Across Contrasting Landscapes and Flow Regimes (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Gross gains and losses of stream water and the consequent hydrologic turnover may modify the composition of stream water and drive in‐stream ecological functioning. We evaluated over 500 breakthrough curves of conservative tracer additions to analyze the channel water balance resulting in gross gains and losses, net exchange, and hydrologic turnover. During the hydrological year 2019, seven tracer experiments had been carried out in six first‐order streams along 400 m study reaches. All streams are located in the Holtemme catchment (Central Germany) with three each dominated by forested and agricultural land use. Four of the six streams were characterized by net‐losing conditions. The overall median of gross exchange was five times higher than net exchange. On average, subsurface gains replaced 50% of the original stream water over less than one kilometer of stream length. We even observed cases where over 95% of the stream water turned over within 100 m. Gross exchange was relatively higher in forested than in agricultural streams. Patterns of exchange in the forested streams persisted spatially and were temporally independent of streamflow, whereas in the agricultural ones, variable spatial patterns and streamflow dependence occurred. Overall, moderate flow coincided with highest relative gross exchange. Our results support previous findings that in‐stream solute concentrations could heavily depend on location and magnitude of gains and losses. Gross exchange embodies a permanent but variable control of downstream solute concentrations interacting with the signal of biogeochemical activity. We highlight the importance to include reach‐scale hydrological processes in studies on nutrient spiraling.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The vitality of stream ecosystems largely relies on the exchange of water between surface and groundwater. This comprises all gains and losses of stream water from and to the subsurface and is referred to as gross exchange. We investigated gross exchange for six headwater streams in the Holtemme catchment (Central Germany) during the hydrological year 2019. By applying salt tracer experiments we calculated the extent of exchange. Consistently, the investigated stream reaches lost more water than they gained. On average, half of the stream water was replaced by newly added groundwater along less than one km of stream length and, in few cases, almost the entire volume was exchanged within 100 m distance. Streams surrounded by forest exchanged more water than streams in agricultural landscapes. The location and direction of exchange remained similar in the forested streams, but varied temporarily for the agricultural streams. We could show that groundwater represents an important volume of our streams and that the true gross exchange can easily be underestimated if only the sum of gains and losses is measured. Therefore, solute concentrations can be strongly modified by gross exchange, which is important to better understand the transport of solutes in streams.
    Description: Key Points: In over 90% of the cases, gross exchange equals five times the net exchange, which impacts interpretations of nutrient uptake. Gross exchange and hydrologic turnover show spatiotemporal patterns persisting over discharge at forested, but not at agricultural sites. Moderate discharge exhibits the highest relative gross exchange.
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; gross gain and loss ; hydrologic turnover ; headwater streams ; reach scale ; losing streams ; land use
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar Activity Driven 27‐Day Signatures in Ionospheric Electron and Molecular Oxygen Densities (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: The complex interactions in the upper atmosphere, which control the height‐dependent ionospheric response to the 27‐day solar rotation period, are investigated with the superposed epoch analysis technique. 27‐day signatures describing solar activity are calculated from a solar proxy (F10.7) and wavelength‐dependent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) fluxes (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Solar EUV Experiment), and the corresponding 27‐day signatures describing ionospheric conditions are calculated from electron density profiles (Pruhonice ionosonde station) and O2 density profiles (Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk). The lag analysis of these extracted signatures is applied to characterize the delayed ionospheric response at heights from 100 to 300 km and the impact of major absorption processes in the lower (dominated by O2) and upper ionosphere (dominated by O) is discussed. The observed variations of the delay in these regions are in good agreement with model simulations in preceding studies. Additionally, the estimated significance and the correlation of the delays based on both ionospheric parameters are good. Thus, variations such as the strong shift in 27‐day signatures for the O2 density at low heights are also reliably identified (up to half a cycle). The analysis confirms the importance of ionospheric and thermospheric coupling to understand the variability of the delayed ionospheric response and introduces a method that could be applied to additional ionosonde stations in future studies. This would allow to describe the variability of the delayed ionospheric response spatially, vertically and temporally and therefore may contribute further to the understanding of processes and improve ionospheric modeling.
    Description: Key Points: 27‐day signatures are extracted from ionospheric Ne and nO2 via superposed epoch analysis and a lag analysis is applied. The height‐dependent delay of the extracted 27‐day signatures is characterized by major absorption processes of O and O2. Good correlations between observed delays of Ne and nO2 confirm modeling results in preceding studies.
    Keywords: ddc:538.767 ; ionosphere ; thermosphere ; solar EUV ; superposed epoch analysis
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Parameterization of Cirrus Cloud Formation: Revisiting Competing Ice Nucleation (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: This study develops an advanced physically‐based parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation in cirrus clouds that includes an updated parameterization of stochastic homogeneous freezing of supercooled solution droplets. Both components are formulated based on the same methodology and level of approximation, without numerical integration of the underlying ice supersaturation equation. The new scheme includes measured ice nucleation spectra describing deterministic ice activation from an arbitrary number of types of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs), tracks the competition for available water vapor between the different ice nucleation modes, and allows for new ice formation and growth within pre‐existing cirrus clouds. The computationally efficient scheme works with a minimal set of physical input parameters and predicts total nucleated ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) along with the maximum ice supersaturation attained during cirrus formation events. Aspects of its implementation into host models are discussed, including the provision of suitably parameterized vertical wind speeds. The parameterization is validated by comparisons to numerical simulations. First off‐line applications to mineral dust and aviation soot particles are presented, including ICNC ensemble statistics resulting from the coupling with statistics of updraft speed variability.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Two decades after introduction of the first parameterization of cirrus cloud formation by freezing of ubiquitous liquid solution droplets, an improved version is developed based on the latest experimental findings regarding solid ice‐nucleating particles, a small subset of the atmospheric aerosol. The new scheme allows to predict ice crystal formation in cirrus from competing homogeneous freezing and heterogeneous ice activation more realistically and with greater computational efficiency. It considers new developments regarding the properties of vertical wind speeds (triggering ice formation) and the molecular kinetics of water vapor uptake onto ice crystals (controlling ice growth). This study explains the foundation of cirrus ice formation and growth based on cloud physical theory, derives and explains the parameterization, discusses its use in host models to facilitate applications, checks its performance by comparison to comprehensive numerical simulations, and presents first results involving mineral dust and aircraft‐emitted soot particles as examples for good and poor atmospheric ice‐nucleating particles, respectively.
    Description: Key Points: Competing ice nucleation processes in cirrus are predicted reliably and efficiently. Partial activation of dust particles may occur frequently in cirrus formation. Nucleation of ice within already‐existing cirrus requires high updraft speeds.
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; cirrus ; ice nucleation ; parameterization ; dust
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An Empirical Model of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt (2022)
    Smirnov, Artem ; Shprits, Yuri Y. ; Allison, Hayley ; [et al.]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: In this study, we present an empirical model of the equatorial electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in the outer radiation belt based on the full data set collected by the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instrument onboard the Van Allen Probes in 2012–2019. The PADs are fitted with a combination of the first, third and fifth sine harmonics. The resulting equation resolves all PAD types found in the outer radiation belt (pancake, flat‐top, butterfly and cap PADs) and can be analytically integrated to derive omnidirectional flux. We introduce a two‐step modeling procedure that for the first time ensures a continuous dependence on L, magnetic local time and activity, parametrized by the solar wind dynamic pressure. We propose two methods to reconstruct equatorial electron flux using the model. The first approach requires two uni‐directional flux observations and is applicable to low‐PA data. The second method can be used to reconstruct the full equatorial PADs from a single uni‐ or omnidirectional measurement at off‐equatorial latitudes. The model can be used for converting the long‐term data sets of electron fluxes to phase space density in terms of adiabatic invariants, for physics‐based modeling in the form of boundary conditions, and for data assimilation purposes.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Pitch angle distributions (PADs) are critically important for understanding the dynamics of trapped electrons in Earth's radiation belt region. Specific PAD types are linked to processes acting within the radiation belts which relate to the origins and loss mechanisms of the particle populations, as well as wave activity. In this study we present a polynomial model of the equatorial electron PADs at energies 30 keV–1.6 MeV with a continuous dependence on L‐shell, magnetic local time and activity driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure. The model can be used to reconstruct equatorial electron flux from observations at high latitudes and can be applied for converting the long‐term electron flux data sets to phase space density, driving the boundary conditions for the physics‐based simulations and for data assimilation.
    Description: Key Points: A sum of the first, third, and fifth sine harmonics is used to approximate equatorial electron Pitch angle distributions (PADs) measured by the MagEIS detector onboard the Van Allen Probes. We present a PAD model with a continuous dependence on L, magnetic local time and activity, driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure. The model allows reconstructions of equatorial PADs from uni‐ and omni‐directional measurements at off‐equatorial latitudes.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.7.2022.001
    Keywords: ddc:538.76 ; pitch angle ; radiation belt ; model ; magnetosphere ; van allen probes ; electrons
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Small‐angle neutron scattering of long‐wavelength magnetic modulations in reduced sample dimensions (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-04
    Description: Magnetic small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) is ideally suited to providing direct reciprocal‐space information on long‐wavelength magnetic modulations, such as helicoids, solitons, merons or skyrmions. SANS of such structures in thin films or micro‐structured bulk materials is strongly limited by the tiny scattering volume vis a vis the prohibitively high background scattering by the substrate and support structures. Considering near‐surface scattering just above the critical angle of reflection, where unwanted signal contributions due to substrate or support structures become very small, it is established that the scattering patterns of the helical, conical, skyrmion lattice and fluctuation‐disordered phases in a polished bulk sample of MnSi are equivalent for conventional transmission and near‐surface SANS geometries. This motivates the prediction of a complete repository of scattering patterns expected for thin films in the near‐surface SANS geometry for each orientation of the magnetic order with respect to the scattering plane.
    Description: Near‐surface SANS is discussed for its potential as a probe of long‐wavelength magnetic modulations in specimens with reduced sample dimensions.
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; small‐angle neutron scattering ; near‐surface SANS ; magnetism ; non‐collinear magnetism ; thin films ; skyrmions ; MnSi
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Eingepackt – Eindrücke von der DGMT-Jahrestagung 2022 (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Fünf Teilnehmerinnen erzählen in vier kurzen Beiträgen, was für sie die wichtigsten und einprägsamsten Erkenntnisse, Erlebnisse und/oder Take-Home-Messages der DGMT-Jahrestagung waren. Sie beantworten die Frage: Was nehme ich mit von der DGMT-Jahrestagung 2022?
    Description: Five participants describe in four short articles what they consider to be the most important and memorable insights, experiences and/or take-home messages from the DGMT Annual Meeting. They answer the question: What will I take home from the DGMT Annual Meeting 2022?
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: conference
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moor ; Torf ; Tagungsbericht ; peatland ; peat ; conference report
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    „Kulturelles Erbe und Naturschutz in Mooren – Spannungsfeld und Synergien“ (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-15
    Description: Bestandteil des von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) geförderten und vom Niedersächsischen Landesamt für Denkmalpflege (NLD) in Kooperation mit der DGMT und dem Archäologischen Landesamt Schleswig-Holstein realisierten Projektes waren zwei Tagungsveranstaltungen. Sie richteten sich in erster Linie an Vertreter aus Naturschutz, Landwirtschaft, Bodendenkmalpflege und Planungsbüros, aber auch an alle anderen am Thema Interessierten. Diese fanden im Jahr 2022 im Abstand von fünf Monaten statt.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: conference
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moor ; Torf
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Particle‐Phase Uptake and Chemistry of Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOMs) From α‐Pinene OH Oxidation (2022)
    Poulain, L. ; Tilgner, A. ; Brüggemann, M. ; [et al.]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-16
    Description: Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) forms a major part of the tropospheric submicron particle mass. Still, the exact formation mechanisms of SOA have remained elusive. It is now admitted that highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) can contribute to a large fraction of SOA formation. In this study, we performed a set of chamber experiments to investigate the SOA formation, and the HOMs uptake and processing directly formed by OH‐radical initiated oxidation of α‐pinene under two different aerosol seed conditions. Numerous HOM compounds were identified using advanced online and offline analytical techniques, and grouped into four classes according to their different uptake behaviors. For the first time, individual HOMs uptake coefficients ranging from 1.1 × 10−2 to 1.5 × 10−1 were experimentally determined and analyzed using a resistance model which considers uptake limitations by individual gas‐ and/or particle‐phase processes. This study demonstrates that the uptake coefficients of HOMs strongly depend on their molar mass and their respective O/C ratio. Results show that aerosol seed composition and phase state affect the initial uptake of HOMs. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the acidity and/or different seed phase‐state can significantly enhance the subsequent uptake through occurring acidity‐driven reactions reflected in a reactive behavior, particularly under (NH4)HSO4 seed conditions, promoting up to 3 times a higher SOA mass formation including the formation of highly oxidized organosulfates (HOOS). Overall, the present study implies that HOMs and their subsequent chemical processing can play an important role in both the early growth of newly formed particles and SOA formation when particle acidity is high.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Tropospheric organic aerosol (OA) compounds represent a large part of submicron particulate matter. A big fraction of OA is formed from oxidation of emitted gaseous volatile organic compounds such as α‐pinene. Oxidation products are less‐volatile compounds that tend to condense on aerosol particles. Recently identified “highly oxygenated organic molecules” (HOMs) are formed by gas‐phase autoxidation processes and exhibit very low vapor pressures. Therefore, HOMs are expected to efficiently contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, up to now, SOA formation potential of HOMs is still not well described because of lacking experimental investigations and analysis. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the mentioned HOMs partitioning and subsequent SOA formation from the OH‐radical initiated oxidation of α‐pinene under both Na2SO4 and (NH4)HSO4 aerosol seed conditions through complex chamber experiments. For the first time, individual HOMs uptake coefficients were determined experimentally. Further investigations demonstrated that the uptake coefficients of HOMs strongly depend on their molar mass, as well as on their respective O/C ratio. Finally, the results show that aerosol acidity and/or phase state significantly enhances the HOMs uptake and promotes up to three times higher SOA mass formation under (NH4)HSO4 seed conditions compared to that under neutral seed conditions.
    Description: Key Points: Uptake coefficients of numerous highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) were experimentally determined for the first time. HOMs uptake and secondary organic aerosol formation were significantly enhanced by acidic (NH4)HSO4 seed. Highly oxidized organosulfates formation were observed under acidic (NH4)HSO4 seed conditions.
    Description: European Commission http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Description: https://doi.org/10.25326/FJNF-7224
    Description: https://doi.org/10.25326/KC8N-DY53
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; aerosol study ; highly oxygenated organic molecules
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Early Eocene magnetostratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the Xining Basin, NE Tibet (2022)
    Meijer, Niels ; Dupont‐Nivet, Guillaume ; Licht, Alexis ; [et al.]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: The Cenozoic strata of the Xining Basin, NE Tibet, have provided crucial records for understanding the tectonic and palaeo‐environmental evolution of the region. Yet, the age of the lower part of the sedimentary stratigraphy and, consequently, the early tectonic evolution of the basin remain debated. Here, we present the litho‐ and magnetostratigraphy of various early Eocene sections throughout the Xining Basin independently constrained by the U–Pb radiometric age of a carbonate bed. Our study extends the dated stratigraphy down to 53.0 Ma (C24n.1r) and reveals highly variable accumulation rates during the early Eocene ranging from 0.5 to 8 cm/ka. This is in stark contrast to the low but stable accumulation rates (2–3 cm/ka) observed throughout the overlying Palaeogene and Neogene strata. Such a pattern of basin infill is not characteristic of flexural subsidence as previously proposed, but rather supports an extensional origin of the Xining Basin with multiple depocentres, which subsequently coalesced into a more stable and slowly subsiding basin. Whether this extension was related to the far‐field effects of the subducting Pacific Plate or the India–Asia collision remains to be confirmed by future studies.
    Description: European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
    Description: Hessisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003495
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Eocene ; geochronology ; northeast Tibet ; palaeomagnetism ; stratigraphy ; Xining Basin
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Heißer Torf & heiße Füße – Eindrücke von Field Symposium & Generalversammlung der International Mire Conservation Group 2022 in Südafrika und dem Königreich Eswatini (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-14
    Description: Im März 2022 hat das Field Symposium und die Generalversammlung der International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG) in Südafrika und dem Königreich Eswatini stattgefunden. Das erlebnis-, austausch- und lehrreiche Programm zeigte die Komplexität und Schönheit, aber auch die vielfältigen Bedrohungen und notwendige Schutzwürdigkeit der Moore in Südafrika und Eswatini. Ein besonderes Erlebnis waren die hot spring mires im und um den Kruger Nationalpark.
    Description: In March 2022, the Field Symposium and General Assembly of the International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG) took place in South Africa and the Kingdom of Eswatini. The programme, rich in experience, exchange and education, showed the complexity and beauty, but also the many threats and need for protection of the peatlands in South Africa and Eswatini. A special experience were the hot spring mires in and around the Kruger National Park.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: conference
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moor ; Torf ; Tagungsbericht ; peatland ; mire ; conference report
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Microbial biosignatures in ancient deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfides (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-17
    Description: Deep‐sea hydrothermal systems provide ideal conditions for prebiotic reactions and ancient metabolic pathways and, therefore, might have played a pivotal role in the emergence of life. To understand this role better, it is paramount to examine fundamental interactions between hydrothermal processes, non‐living matter, and microbial life in deep time. However, the distribution and diversity of microbial communities in ancient deep‐sea hydrothermal systems are still poorly constrained, so evolutionary, and ecological relationships remain unclear. One important reason is an insufficient understanding of the formation of diagnostic microbial biosignatures in such settings and their preservation through geological time. This contribution centers around microbial biosignatures in Precambrian deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfide deposits. Intending to provide a valuable resource for scientists from across the natural sciences whose research is concerned with the origins of life, we first introduce different types of biosignatures that can be preserved over geological timescales (rock fabrics and textures, microfossils, mineral precipitates, carbonaceous matter, trace metal, and isotope geochemical signatures). We then review selected reports of biosignatures from Precambrian deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfide deposits and discuss their geobiological significance. Our survey highlights that Precambrian hydrothermal sulfide deposits potentially encode valuable information on environmental conditions, the presence and nature of microbial life, and the complex interactions between fluids, micro‐organisms, and minerals. It further emphasizes that the geobiological interpretation of these records is challenging and requires the concerted application of analytical and experimental methods from various fields, including geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and microbiology. Well‐orchestrated multidisciplinary studies allow us to understand the formation and preservation of microbial biosignatures in deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfide systems and thus help unravel the fundamental geobiology of ancient settings. This, in turn, is critical for reconstructing life's emergence and early evolution on Earth and the search for life elsewhere in the universe.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013699
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden‐Württemberg
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; astrobiology ; black smoker ; early Earth ; early life ; hydrothermal vents ; origin of life ; SEDEX ; VMS
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Paleo‐denudation rates suggest variations in runoff drove aggradation during last glacial cycle, Crete, Greece (2022)
    Ott, Richard F. ; Scherler, Dirk ; Wegmann, Karl W. ; [et al.]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-17
    Description: Fluvial aggradation and incision are often linked to Quaternary climate cycles, but it usually remains unclear whether variations in runoff or sediment supply or both drive channel response to climate variability. Here we quantify sediment supply with paleo‐denudation rates and provide geochronological constraints on aggradation and incision from the Sfakia and Elafonisi alluvial‐fan sequences in Crete, Greece. We report seven optically stimulated luminescence and ten radiocarbon ages, eight 10Be and eight 36Cl denudation rates from modern channel and terrace sediments. For five samples, 10Be and 36Cl were measured on the same sample by measuring 10Be on chert and 36Cl on calcite. Results indicate relatively steady denudation rates throughout the past 80 kyr, but the aggradation and incision history indicates a link with climate shifts. At the Elafonisi fan, we identify four periods of aggradation coinciding with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 2, 4, 5a/b, and likely 6, and three periods of incision coinciding with MIS 1, 3, and likely 5e. At the Sfakia fan, rapid aggradation occurred during MIS 2 and 4, followed by incision during MIS 1. Nearby climate and vegetation records show that MIS 2, 4, and 6 stadials were characterized by cold and dry climates with sparse vegetation, whereas forest cover and more humid conditions prevailed during MIS 1, 3, and 5. Our data thus suggest that past changes in climate had little effect on landscape‐wide denudation rates but exerted a strong control on the aggradation–incision behaviour of alluvial channels on Crete. During glacial stages, we attribute aggradation to hillslope sediment release promoted by reduced vegetation cover and decreased runoff; conversely, incision occurred during relatively warm and wet stages due to increased runoff. In this landscape, past hydroclimate variations outcompeted changes in sediment supply as the primary driver of alluvial deposition and incision.
    Description: We investigate the impact of Quaternary climate cycles on denudation rates and fluvial aggradation and incision on Crete, Greece. We find that alluvial channels aggrade during cold and dry periods and incise during warm and wet stages, despite relatively steady denudational supply from the hillslopes. We conclude that, in this landscape, past hydroclimate variations outcompeted changes in sediment supply as the primary driver of alluvial deposition and incision.
    Description: Swiss National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2022.002
    Keywords: ddc:551.3 ; alluvial fan ; cosmogenic nuclides ; fluvial aggradation ; incision ; paleo‐denudation rates ; post‐burial production ; sediment supply
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fine‐Sediment Erosion and Sediment‐Ribbon Morphodynamics in Coarse‐Grained Immobile Beds (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: In rivers, fine sediments are often transported over immobile coarse grains. With low sediment supply, they tend to aggregate in longitudinal ribbons. Yet, the long‐term evolution of such ribbons and the influence of immobile grains on the erosion of fine sediments are still not well understood. Flume experiments without sediment supply were therefore performed to investigate the erosion of an initially uniform fine‐sediment bed covering an immobile bed of staggered spheres through topographic and flow measurements. The topographic measurements yielded the spheres' protrusion above the fine sediment (P) and revealed long‐lived ribbons with ridges and troughs. The ridges are the main long‐term sediment source as the troughs are quickly eroded to a stable bed level resulting from the spheres' sheltering. The ridges stabilize with a spacing of 1.3 effective water depths, their number resulting from the integer number of wavelengths fitting into the effective channel width which excludes side‐wall accumulations. The ridges' erosion is damped by the local upflow of secondary current cells, which displaces the strongest sweep events above the bed. The upflow intensity is controlled by the ridges' height for low P, while for high P by the lateral roughness heterogeneity. The trends in erosion rates over ridges and troughs are similar and characterized by the following sequence of four regimes with increasing P: a drag sheltering, a turbulence‐enhancement, a wake‐interference sheltering, and a skimming‐flow sheltering regime. The critical P levels at the transitions are independent of the flow above the canopy, depending only on the geometrical configuration of the immobile bed.
    Description: Key Points: Four erosive regimes are identified: drag sheltering, turbulence‐enhancement, wake‐interference sheltering and skimming‐flow sheltering. Secondary currents influence the momentum redistribution but the erosive behavior is controlled by the protrusion of the immobile grains. The sediment‐ribbon spacing is about 1.3 effective water depths.
    Description: Landesgraduiertenförderung of the Land Baden‐Württemberg
    Description: Graduate School for Climate and Environment, KIT
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5787371
    Keywords: ddc:550.724 ; sediment erosion ; rough beds ; sediment ribbons ; secondary currents ; open‐channel ; ridge morphology
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Partial melting and reaction along deformation features in plagioclase (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: Geological processes involving deformation and/or reactions are highly influenced by the rock grain size, especially if diffusion‐controlled processes take place such as metamorphic reactions and diffusion creep. Although many processes, inducing grain‐size reduction, are documented and understood at relatively high stresses and low temperatures (e.g., cataclasis) as well as at lower stress and higher temperature conditions (e.g., bulging and subgrain rotation), deformation twinning, a plastic deformation mechanism active in various minerals at lower temperatures, has been neglected as nucleation site for melting and reaction and thus as a cause for grain‐size reduction so far. We conducted experiments on natural plagioclase‐bearing aggregates at 2.5 to 3 GPa confining pressure and temperatures of 700°C to 950°C using two different deformation apparatus, a deformation multianvil apparatus (DDIA) and a Griggs press, as well as a piston‐cylinder apparatus. Regardless of the apparatus type, we observe the breakdown of plagioclase into an eclogite‐facies paragenesis, which is associated with partial melting in the high temperature domain of the eclogite facies. Partial melting mostly takes place along the grain and interphase boundaries. However, several melt patches or plagioclase decomposition products coincide with the occurrence of deformation twins and grain‐scale microcracking in plagioclase indicating intracrystalline melting and reaction in addition to melting and reaction along grain and interphase boundaries. In the present study, we demonstrate how the interplay between brittle microcracking and plastic deformation twinning can cause intracrystalline melting and/or reaction, which has the potential to lower the effective grain size of plagioclase‐rich rocks and thus impacts their reactivity and deformation behaviour.
    Description: European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
    Description: Alexander von Humboldt‐foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; ddc:552.4 ; continental crust ; deformation twinning ; partial melting ; plagioclase deformation ; semibrittle regime
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An exceptional sedimentary record of initial rifting on the East African Plateau in the Miocene: Lessons from depositional cyclicity and palaeoenvironmental proxies (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: Knowledge about the initial tectonic and depositional dynamics, as well as the influence of early rifting on climate and environmental evolution remains speculative to a large extent, because sediments are usually deeply buried. Within the East African Rift System, inversion tectonics uplifted a few of these successions to the surface hence presenting rare windows into the pre‐rift depositional history. One such example, an exceptional 700 m long and up to 60 m high fresh road cut provided the opportunity to study in detail initial rift successions of the southern Albertine Rift (Western Uganda). This focusses on the basal and poorly known Middle to Late Miocene in order to unravel the climatic, environmental, hydrological and tectonic evolution of the initial Albertine Rift. A large and robust multi‐proxy dataset was gathered comprising 169 m of stratigraphic thickness, which spans from 14.5 to 4.9 Ma according to a revised lithostratigraphic model. Fieldwork comprised logging of the sedimentary record, spectral gamma ray, magnetic susceptibility and 2D wall mapping with photomosaics. Additionally, the sections were sampled for bulk mineral and clay mineral analysis. The succession exposes a suite of lithofacies and architectural elements detailing the evolution of a fluvio‐lacustrine system. Five depositional environments were identified which show an overall back‐stepping trend from an alluvial plain to a delta plain and finally palustrine/shallow lacustrine conditions. Mesoscale base‐level cycles, preservation potential of architectural elements, and stacking pattern exhibit limited accommodation space. However, it increases over time. This overall trend indicates increasing tectonic subsidence, which can be explained by flexural downwarp within the pre‐rift phase and in the upper part grading into fault‐controlled crustal extension of the syn‐rift phase, which more and more disrupted a large‐scale river system. From the Middle Miocene up to the early Pliocene, this study revealed that palaeoclimate trends become marked by increasing and more fluctuating Th concentrations, loss of feldspar, intercalated lenses of hydroxosulphate minerals, and a shift from smectite‐dominated to kaolinite‐dominated clays. These signals are all interpreted as detrital except for the hydroxosulphates, and they mirror the increasing intensity of chemical weathering and stripping of soils in the catchment. A trend towards increasing humidity is supported by an increase in lacustrine sediment facies and a lake‐level rise. Nevertheless, intercalation of hydroxosulphate, ferricretes and pedogenised horizons prove ongoing seasonality and dry intervals. Finally, based on a revised stratigraphic model a sequence stratigraphic correlation of the outcrop's depositional cycles with basin‐scale cycles is presented. According to these cycles, transition from the pre‐rift to the syn‐rift stage is marked by an unconformity and a tectonic pulse in the latest Miocene. However, the response of fluvial supply, the depositional system as well as climate conditions are less punctuated and characterised by gradual trends and temporal delays. The long pre‐rift phase (ca 10 Myr) and the gradual transition to the syn‐rift phase is in accordance with the active rifting model, which is based on thermal thinning of the lithosphere by asthenospheric upwelling.
    Description: This study investigates the depositional record of the Albert Rift within the East African Rift System. Climatic and tectonic signals have been extracted from petrophysical data and sedimentary environments. These multi‐proxy data were successfully correlated with a basin wide sequence stratigraphic framework revealing tectonic and climatic controls of deposition.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:556 ; Albertine rift ; base‐level ; clay mineralogy ; depositional cyclicity ; EARS ; gamma‐ray ; hydroxosulphate ; magnetic susceptibility ; palaeoclimate ; sedimentology ; sequence stratigraphy ; thorium
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Computational methods for the analysis of climate change communication: Towards an integrative and reflexive approach (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: Computational methods, in particular text‐as‐data or Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches, have become popular to study climate change communication as a global and large‐scale phenomenon. Scholars have discussed opportunities and challenges of these methods for climate change communication, with some proponents and critics taking strong positions, either embracing the potential of computational methods or critically questioning their value. Mirroring developments in the broader social scientific debate, we aim to bring both sides together by proposing a reflexive, integrative approach for computational research on climate change communication: We reflect on strengths (e.g., making data big and small, nowcasting observations) and weaknesses (e.g., introducing empiricist epistemologies, ignoring biases) of computational approaches. Moreover, we also provide concrete and constructive guidance on when and how to integrate (or not integrate) these methods based on theoretical considerations. We thereby understand computational methods as part of an ever‐increasing, diverse toolbox for analyzing climate change communication.
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; big data ; climate change communication ; computational methods ; news media ; social media
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Minimal Recipes for Global Cloudiness (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: Clouds are primary modulators of Earth's energy balance. It is thus important to understand the links connecting variabilities in cloudiness to variabilities in other state variables of the climate system, and also describe how these links would change in a changing climate. A conceptual model of global cloudiness can help elucidate these points. In this work we derive simple representations of cloudiness, that can be useful in creating a theory of global cloudiness. These representations illustrate how both spatial and temporal variability of cloudiness can be expressed in terms of basic state variables. Specifically, cloud albedo is captured by a nonlinear combination of pressure velocity and a measure of the low‐level stability, and cloud longwave effect is captured by surface temperature, pressure velocity, and standard deviation of pressure velocity. We conclude with a short discussion on the usefulness of this work in the context of global warming response studies.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Clouds are important for Earth's climate, because they affect a large portion of the planet's energy balance, and hence its mean temperature. To better understand how the interplay between cloudiness and energy balance would change in a changing climate, a better theoretical understanding of how clouds are distributed over the planet, and how this connects with the state variables of the climate system such as temperature and wind speed, is required. As theoretical understanding is currently limited, in this work we explore the possibility of very simply representing the spatiotemporal distribution of clouds over the whole planet. We believe that these simple representations advance the field in the direction of a conceptual theory of global cloudiness and its impact on the energy balance. We show that the impact of cloudiness on both solar and terrestrial radiation balance can be captured well globally with only a few predictive fields, like surface temperature or vertical wind speed, combined simply and using only three tunable parameters, and without using any supplementary information such as the particular season or location on the planet.
    Description: Key Points: Model fits are performed to the spatiotemporal observed cloudiness over all oceans, using a minimal set of predictors and parameters. Models capture global‐mean, spatial, and most of seasonal variability of cloud radiative effects. Cloud albedo and longwave effect are captured by pressure velocity and its variance, surface temperature, and lower tropospheric stability.
    Description: CONSTRAIN project EU Horizon 2020
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; global cloudiness ; energy balance ; cloud controlling factors
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Deep Learning Based Cloud Cover Parameterization for ICON (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: A promising approach to improve cloud parameterizations within climate models and thus climate projections is to use deep learning in combination with training data from storm‐resolving model (SRM) simulations. The ICOsahedral Non‐hydrostatic (ICON) modeling framework permits simulations ranging from numerical weather prediction to climate projections, making it an ideal target to develop neural network (NN) based parameterizations for sub‐grid scale processes. Within the ICON framework, we train NN based cloud cover parameterizations with coarse‐grained data based on realistic regional and global ICON SRM simulations. We set up three different types of NNs that differ in the degree of vertical locality they assume for diagnosing cloud cover from coarse‐grained atmospheric state variables. The NNs accurately estimate sub‐grid scale cloud cover from coarse‐grained data that has similar geographical characteristics as their training data. Additionally, globally trained NNs can reproduce sub‐grid scale cloud cover of the regional SRM simulation. Using the game‐theory based interpretability library SHapley Additive exPlanations, we identify an overemphasis on specific humidity and cloud ice as the reason why our column‐based NN cannot perfectly generalize from the global to the regional coarse‐grained SRM data. The interpretability tool also helps visualize similarities and differences in feature importance between regionally and globally trained column‐based NNs, and reveals a local relationship between their cloud cover predictions and the thermodynamic environment. Our results show the potential of deep learning to derive accurate yet interpretable cloud cover parameterizations from global SRMs, and suggest that neighborhood‐based models may be a good compromise between accuracy and generalizability.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Climate models, such as the ICOsahedral Non‐hydrostatic climate model, operate on low‐resolution grids, making it computationally feasible to use them for climate projections. However, physical processes –especially those associated with clouds– that happen on a sub‐grid scale (inside a grid box) cannot be resolved, yet they are critical for the climate. In this study, we train neural networks that return the cloudy fraction of a grid box knowing only low‐resolution grid‐box averaged variables (such as temperature, pressure, etc.) as the climate model sees them. We find that the neural networks can reproduce the sub‐grid scale cloud fraction on data sets similar to the one they were trained on. The networks trained on global data also prove to be applicable on regional data coming from a model simulation with an entirely different setup. Since neural networks are often described as black boxes that are therefore difficult to trust, we peek inside the black box to reveal what input features the neural networks have learned to focus on and in what respect the networks differ. Overall, the neural networks prove to be accurate methods of reproducing sub‐grid scale cloudiness and could improve climate model projections when implemented in a climate model.
    Description: Key Points: Neural networks can accurately learn sub‐grid scale cloud cover from realistic regional and global storm‐resolving simulations. Three neural network types account for different degrees of vertical locality and differentiate between cloud volume and cloud area fraction. Using a game theory based library we find that the neural networks tend to learn local mappings and are able to explain model errors.
    Description: EC ERC HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council
    Description: Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE)
    Description: NSF Science and Technology Center, Center for Learning the Earth with Artificial Intelligence and Physics (LEAP)
    Description: Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum
    Description: Columbia sub‐award 1
    Description: https://github.com/agrundner24/iconml_clc
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788873
    Description: https://code.mpimet.mpg.de/projects/iconpublic
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; cloud cover ; parameterization ; machine learning ; neural network ; explainable AI ; SHAP
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Using diffraction losses of X‐rays in a single crystal for determination of its lattice parameters as well as for monochromator calibration (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-04
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉A way has been developed to measure the unit‐cell parameters of a single crystal just from an energy scan with X‐rays, even when the exact energy of the X‐rays is not well defined due to an error in the pitch angle of the monochromator. The precision of this measurement reaches 〈italic〉da〈/italic〉/〈italic〉a〈/italic〉 ∼ 1 × 10〈sup〉−5〈/sup〉. The method is based on the analysis of diffraction losses of the beam, transmitted through a single crystal (the so‐called `glitch effect'). This method can be easily applied to any transmissive X‐ray optical element made of single crystals (for example, X‐ray lenses). The only requirements are the possibility to change the energy of the generated X‐ray beam and some intensity monitor to measure the transmitted intensity. The method is agnostic to the error in the monochromator tuning and it can even be used for determination of the absolute pitch (or 2gθ) angle of the monochromator. Applying the same method to a crystal with well known lattice parameters allows determination of the exact cell parameters of the monochromator at any energy.〈/p〉
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Diffraction losses (glitches) at certain energies of the X‐ray beam, transmitted through a single crystal, can be used for lattice parameters determination as well as for calibrating the monochromator (absolute pitch angle and the unit‐cell parameter).〈boxed-text position="anchor" content-type="graphic" xml:lang="en"〉〈graphic position="anchor" id="jats-graphic-1" xlink:href="urn:x-wiley:16005775:jsy2ay5590:jsy2ay5590-fig-0001"〉 〈alt-text〉image〈/alt-text〉 〈/graphic〉〈/boxed-text〉〈/p〉
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; X‐ray glitches ; diffraction losses ; unit‐cell parameter ; single‐crystal X‐ray optics ; monochromator calibration
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The geodynamic and limnological evolution of Balkan Lake Ohrid, possibly the oldest extant lake in Europe (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-04
    Description: Studies of the upper 447 m of the DEEP site sediment succession from central Lake Ohrid, Balkan Peninsula, North Macedonia and Albania provided important insights into the regional climate history and evolutionary dynamics since permanent lacustrine conditions established at 1.36 million years ago (Ma). This paper focuses on the entire 584‐m‐long DEEP sediment succession and a comparison to a 197‐m‐long sediment succession from the Pestani site ~5 km to the east in the lake, where drilling ended close to the bedrock, to unravel the earliest history of Lake Ohrid and its basin development. 26Al/10Be dating of clasts from the base of the DEEP sediment succession implies that the sedimentation in the modern basin started at c. 2 Ma. Geophysical, sedimentological and micropalaeontological data allow for chronological information to be transposed from the DEEP to the Pestani succession. Fluvial conditions, slack water conditions, peat formation and/or complete desiccation prevailed at the DEEP and Pestani sites until 1.36 and 1.21 Ma, respectively, before a larger lake extended over both sites. Activation of karst aquifers to the east probably by tectonic activity and a potential existence of neighbouring Lake Prespa supported filling of Lake Ohrid. The lake deepened gradually, with a relatively constant vertical displacement rate of ~0.2 mm a−1 between the central and the eastern lateral basin and with greater water depth presumably during interglacial periods. Although the dynamic environment characterized by local processes and the fragmentary chronology of the basal sediment successions from both sites hamper palaeoclimatic significance prior to the existence of a larger lake, the new data provide an unprecedented and detailed picture of the geodynamic evolution of the basin and lake that is Europe’s presumed oldest extant freshwater lake.
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Balkan Peninsula ; Lake Ohrid ; DEEP sediment succession ; Pestani succession ; evolutionary dynamics ; regional climate history
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Central Mediterranean tephrochronology between 313 and 366 ka: New insights from the Fucino palaeolake sediment succession (2022)
    Leicher, Niklas ; Giaccio, Biagio ; Pereira, Alison ; [et al.]
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-04
    Description: Thirty‐two tephra layers were identified in the time‐interval 313–366 ka (Marine Isotope Stages 9–10) of the Quaternary lacustrine succession of the Fucino Basin, central Italy. Twenty‐seven of these tephra layers yielded suitable geochemical material to explore their volcanic origins. Investigations also included the acquisition of geochemical data of some relevant, chronologically compatible proximal units from Italian volcanoes. The record contains tephra from some well‐known eruptions and eruptive sequences of Roman and Roccamonfina volcanoes, such as the Magliano Romano Plinian Fall, the Orvieto–Bagnoregio Ignimbrite, the Lower White Trachytic Tuff and the Brown Leucitic Tuff. In addition, the record documents eruptions currently undescribed in proximal (i.e. near‐vent) sections, suggesting a more complex history of the major eruptions of the Colli Albani, Sabatini, Vulsini and Roccamonfina volcanoes between 313 and 366 ka. Six of the investigated tephra layers were directly dated by single‐crystal‐fusion 40Ar/39Ar dating, providing the basis for a Bayesian age–depth model and a reassessment of the chronologies for both already known and dated eruptive units and for so far undated eruptions. The results provide a significant contribution for improving knowledge on the peri‐Tyrrhenian explosive activity as well as for extending the Mediterranean tephrostratigraphical framework, which was previously based on limited proximal and distal archives for that time interval.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research
    Description: https://doi.org/10.26022/IEDA/112322
    Keywords: ddc:552.2 ; Fucino Basin ; palaeolake sediment succession ; tephra
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research Bibliographic Review 2021 (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-24
    Description: This GGR Bibliographic Review is a survey of approximately 5200 geoanalytical publications for the year 2021. Selected articles, numbering over 340, containing measurement results for relevant geological and environmental reference materials are listed with individual summaries of target analytes, relevant reference materials and producers. A brief summary of a selection of these publications is included that highlights notable developments in geoanalytical studies, newly developed or characterised RMs, and new datasets of established reference materials that have been re‐analysed using improved or state‐of‐the‐art measurement techniques.
    Description: Key Points: Literature review of 5200 geoanalytical publications for the year 2021. 344 selected articles with summaries of target analytes, relevant reference materials and producers. Selected publications include data obtained by new analytical developments and improved analytical protocols for established RMs, and identifies recently developed RMs for specific scientific topics.
    Description: http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; review ; analytical geochemistry ; geochemical reference materials ; reference material data ; GeoReM database ; environmental reference materials
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    ICESat‐2 Based River Surface Slope and Its Impact on Water Level Time Series From Satellite Altimetry (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-24
    Description: The water surface slope (WSS) of rivers is essential for estimating flow velocity and discharge. It is also helpful as a correction applied to range measurements of satellite altimetry missions to derive water level time series at a virtual station. Using radar altimetry, WSS can only be roughly estimated and is limited to wide rivers because of its coarse spatiotemporal resolution. In contrast, the lidar sensor onboard Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat‐2) can also observe small rivers. Using ICESat‐2's unique measurement geometry with six parallel laser beams, we derive instantaneous WSS along and across the satellite's ground track, time‐variable WSS (with an average of 5 days of records in the studied epoch between October 2018 and October 2021), and average WSS on reach‐scale. Although the method can be applied globally, this study is limited to 815 reaches in Europe and North America where sufficient validation data is available. We compare the ICESat‐2 WSS with time‐variable WSS derived from multiple gauges and constant data from the “SWOT River Database.” For 89% of the studied reaches, ICESat‐2 can be used to estimate the average WSS with a median absolute error of 23 mm/km. We also show the possible performance gain at multiple virtual stations (VS) in the “Database for Hydrological Time Series of Inland Waters” (https://dahiti.dgfi.tum.de), applying the WSS as a correction for altimetry satellites' ground track variability. We correct 137 VS for the derived ICESat‐2 WSS and yield improvements in the root mean square error by up to 30 cm or 66%.
    Description: Key Points: Simultaneous obs. from Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2’s (ICESat‐2's) unique multibeam lidar altimeter are used to estimate instantaneous reach‐scale water surface slope (WSS). For 89% of 815 studied reaches, we find ICESat‐2 can be used to estimate WSS with a median absolute error of 23 mm/km relative to gauge data. We correct water level time series from radar satellite altimetry for the derived WSS and obtain improvements of up to 30 cm (66%) root mean square error.
    Description: DFG, German Research Foundation
    Description: Project DEAL
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7098114
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5067/ATLAS/ATL13.005
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4917236
    Description: https://dahiti.dgfi.tum.de/
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; water surface slope ; river ; ICESat‐2 ; flow gradient ; satellite altimetry
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Performance Requirements of Membrane Reactors for the Application in Renewable Methanol Synthesis: A Techno‐Economic Assessment (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-24
    Description: Renewable energy carriers are expected to play a key role in the defossilization of the energy and chemical sector. For renewable methanol synthesis, membrane reactors (MR) have been tested on a laboratory‐scale with promising results. However, membrane performance requirements that allow an economic benefit for their large‐scale deployment are missing. Therefore, a 1D Python MR model is coupled with an AspenPlus process simulation to conduct a techno‐economic assessment with focus on membrane performance. Two synthesis loop configurations are investigated: one where feed and sweep recycle are operated at the same pressure and one where the sweep recycle operates at atmospheric pressure. The results show that both configurations can offer technical benefits, if sufficiently high product separation can be achieved, but that for a compressed sweep recycle no economic benefits are possible. As a consequence, membranes used for methanol synthesis must endure operation at high pressure differences. Furthermore, the results highlight the critical role of the H2 permeance, which should remain below 1 × 10〈sup〉−9〈/sup〉 mol m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Pa〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. From an economic standpoint high water permeation has a more beneficial effect than high methanol permeation.
    Description: A membrane reactor model is created and coupled with a process simulation of the methanol synthesis. Parameter studies are conducted to determine performance requirements for zeolite membranes to enable economic benefits on the overall process. The results show that zeolite membranes will need to handle high pressure differences. Further hydrogen permeation should be below 1 × 10〈sup〉−9〈/sup〉 mol m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and water permeation above 5 × 10〈sup〉−7〈/sup〉 mol m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz
    Keywords: ddc:333.7 ; membrane reactors ; methanol ; power‐to‐X ; process simulation ; renewable energy carriers ; techno‐economic assessment ; zeolite
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Wind Effects on Small‐Scale River and Creek Plumes (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-24
    Description: In contrast to large river plumes, Coriolis effects are weak, and inertia is quickly depleted so that the fate and structure of small‐scale plumes are more sensitive to tide and wind. Advected alongshore by reversing tidal currents in absence of wind forcing, small buoyant plumes are persistently deflected downwind in presence of alongshore winds and exhibit little tidal variability. The effect of different upwelling/downwelling winds on buoyant outflows ∼10 m3 s−1 is explored. With increasing wind, tidal variability decreases, as does asymmetry in plume characteristics—for strong winds upwelling/downwelling plume structure is similar as the plume is retained closer to the shore. Wind forcing is exerted directly by wind stress on the surface of the plume and indirectly by wind‐driven currents that deflect the upwind boundary of the plume. While inertia and buoyancy dominate the inner plume, and wind dominates the outer plume, the mid‐plume responds to an interaction of wind and buoyancy forcing that can be indexed by a Plume Wedderburn Number Wpl (wind stress vs. density gradients): for weaker winds (Wpl 〈 1) surface stress enhances stratification through straining, lengthening the reach of low‐salinity waters, whereas for stronger winds (Wpl 〉 1) surface stress mixes the plume vertically, shortening the reach of low‐salinity waters. However, dilute plume waters extend furthest in strong winds, passively advected several kilometers downwind. Shoreline exposure to outflow transitions from a quasi‐symmetrical tide‐averaged zone of impact under zero‐wind to a heavily skewed zone with persistent weak wind and a one‐sided zone for strong wind.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Compared to large river plumes, outflow from small rivers and mountainous streams is more sensitive to tides and winds because of the weak Coriolis effect and quickly reduced inertia. Alongshore (upwelling/downwelling) winds carry these small plumes in their direction. We use a numerical model to study the effect of these upwelling/downwelling winds on plumes spreading from small rivers with discharge rates of 10 m3 s−1 or less. Increasing wind reduces tidal fluctuations in plume patterns such that with strong winds the plume spreads similarly for upwelling and downwelling winds as it remains close to the shore. Wind affects the plume surface directly and the upwind‐plume boundary indirectly via wind‐driven currents. Inertia and buoyancy control the inner plume while wind and buoyancy control the mid‐plume and wind controls the outer plume. Weaker winds increase the plume length and layering by horizontally tilting the density gradients. Stronger winds shorten the plume by vertically mixing it. However, dilute plume waters extend furthest in strong winds, passively advected several kilometers downwind.
    Description: Key Points: Plume bends downwind, with upstream boundary deflected by ambient current and downstream boundary deflected by surface wind stress. Asymmetry in plume shape between weak upwelling versus downwelling winds vanishes with strong winds that retain the plume nearshore where Ekman transport negligible. Inertia & buoyancy control the near‐field; wind forcing & buoyancy control the mid‐field; wind mixing & passive advection control the far‐field.
    Description: National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Description: Leibniz Institute für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde
    Description: http://doi.io-warnemuende.de/10.12754/data-2022-0009
    Keywords: ddc:551.46 ; small‐scale river plumes ; creek plumes ; upwelling downwelling winds ; high resolution river plume dynamics ; idealized numerical model
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Middle Miocene Climate and Stable Oxygen Isotopes in Europe Based on Numerical Modeling (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-24
    Description: The Middle Miocene (15.99–11.65 Ma) of Europe witnessed major climatic, environmental, and vegetational change, yet we are lacking detailed reconstructions of Middle Miocene temperature and precipitation patterns over Europe. Here, we use a high‐resolution (∼0.75°) isotope‐enabled general circulation model (ECHAM5‐wiso) with time‐specific boundary conditions to investigate changes in temperature, precipitation, and δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O in precipitation (δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O〈sub〉p〈/sub〉). Experiments were designed with variable elevation configurations of the European Alps and different atmospheric CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 levels to examine the influence of Alpine elevation and global climate forcing on regional climate and δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉Op patterns. Modeling results are in agreement with available paleobotanical temperature data and with low‐resolution Middle Miocene experiments of the Miocene Model Intercomparison Project (MioMIP1). However, simulated precipitation rates are 300–500 mm/yr lower in the Middle Miocene than for pre‐industrial times for central Europe. This result is consistent with precipitation estimates from herpetological fossil assemblages, but contradicts precipitation estimates from paleobotanical data. We attribute the Middle Miocene precipitation change in Europe to shifts in large‐scale pressure patterns in the North Atlantic and over Europe and associated changes in wind direction and humidity. We suggest that global climate forcing contributed to a maximum δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O〈sub〉p〈/sub〉 change of ∼2‰ over high elevation (Alps) and ∼1‰ over low elevation regions. In contrast, we observe a maximum modeled δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O〈sub〉p〈/sub〉 decrease of 8‰ across the Alpine orogen due to Alpine topography. However, the elevation‐δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O〈sub〉p〈/sub〉 lapse rate shallows in the Middle Miocene, leading to a possible underestimation of paleotopography when using present‐day δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O〈sub〉p〈/sub〉—elevation relationships data for stable isotope paleoaltimetry studies.
    Description: Key Points: A high‐resolution isotope‐enabled general circulation model is used to explore Middle Miocene climate and precipitation δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O across Europe. Middle Miocene bi‐directional precipitation change consistent with herpetological fossils and account for precipitation δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O variations. Global Miocene climate forcing contributed a max δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O change of ∼2‰ over the high Alpine elevation and to ∼1‰ over low elevation.
    Description: German research fondation
    Description: Alexander‐von‐Humboldt foundation, Feodor‐Lynen‐Fellowship
    Description: Alexander‐von‐Humboldt foundation, Humboldt Research Fellowship
    Description: Scientific Steering Committee
    Description: https://mpimet.mpg.de/fileadmin/projekte/ICON-ESM/mpi-m_sla_201202.pdf
    Description: https://gitlab.awi.de/mwerner/mpi-esm-wiso
    Description: https://zenodo.org/record/6308475#.Y0gmDSFS-2w
    Keywords: ddc:550.724 ; Europe ; Middle Miocene ; climate modeling ; stable water isotopes ; temperature ; precipitation ; paleoclimate ; paleoelevation ; Alps
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ingenieurgeologische Klassifizierung der Locker-, Halbfest- und Festgesteine von Rheinland-Pfalz (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-06
    Description: Für das Bundesland Rheinland-Pfalz wurden erstmals Ingenieurgeologische Klassen für den Untergrund aufbauende Böden und Gesteine entwickelt. Grundlage hierfür ist die lithostratigraphische Generallegende aller geologischen Einheiten von Rheinland-Pfalz. Insgesamt wurden 21 Ingenieurgeologische Klassen für Lockergesteine, Halbfestgesteine und Festgesteine definiert. Bei der Entwicklung wurden rheinland-pfälzische Besonderheiten des geologischen Untergrunds berücksichtigt. Dies betrifft insbesondere die im Bundesland flächig verbreiteten Vulkanite. Mit den Ingenieurgeologischen Klassen sollen grundsätzliche flächenhafte Aussagen zum Baugrund (Bebaubarkeit) sowie zu verschiedenen Untergrundgefahren ermöglicht werden. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Anfälligkeiten des Untergrundes gegenüber Rutschungen, Setzungen, der Quell-/ Schrumpfempfindlichkeit, Erdfällen und der Verwitterung sowie das Vorhandensein organischer Anteile. Der Beitrag enthält ein erstes Beispiel für eine Ingenieurgeologische Karte und eine Karte der Rutschungsanfälligkeit für ein Gebiet im Mainzer Becken.
    Description: Abstract: For the first time engineering geological classes for the subsoils and rocks were developed for the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The basis for this is the lithostratigraphic general legend of all geological units of Rhineland-Palatinate. A total of 21 engineering geological classes were defined for unconsolidated rocks, semisolidated rocks and solid rocks. Rhineland-Palatinate specifics of the geological subsurface were taken into account during the development. This concerns in particular the volcanic rocks which are widespread in the federal state. The engineering geology classes are intended to enable basic area-related statements to be made on the subsoil (buildability) as well as on various subsoil hazards. This concerns in particular the susceptibility of the subsoil to landslides, subsidence, swelling/shrinkage sensitivity, sinkholes and weathering as well as the presence of organic components. The paper contains a first example of an engineering geology map and a landslide susceptibility map for an area in the Mainz Basin.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3 ; Rheinland-Pfalz ; Ingenieurgeologie ; Baugrund
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    3D Classified GPR Facies Models From Multi-Frequency Data Volumes: A Synthetic Study (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-21
    Description: Modern GPR systems allow for acquiring densely sampled data sets also using different antenna frequencies. Here, we consider such a multi-frequency approach to image near-surface sedimentary structures at different spatial scales. Despite the steady technical development of GPR data acquisition, today’s interpretation techniques largely rely on single-frequency data sets typically interpreted in a manual and, thus, subjective and non-reproducible manner. To pave the way toward a more objective and reproducible interpretation of multi-frequency GPR data sets, we develop an attribute-based multi-scale workflow. We evaluate our flow by integrating information of synthetic 50 and 200 MHz GPR volumes modeled across complex sedimentary structures showing heterogeneities at multiple spatial scales. Our strategy results in a multi-scale facies model comprising major structural variations as characterized by the 50 MHz volume and structural details as resolved by the 200 MHz data. We conclude that this attribute-based workflow poses an efficient and reliable tool to interpret both single- and multi-frequency GPR data and, thus, can either be an alternative or a guide for typical manual interpretation approaches.
    Description: DFG
    Description: poster
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:conferenceObject
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Book of Abstracts (2022)
    DMG, DGGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-29
    Description: conference
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; GEOMIN ; Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft – Geologische Vereinigung ; Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft ; Clathrate hydrate
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
    Format: 440
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcano‐Tectonic Evolution of the Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo Rift Zone (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Located on the Hellenic Arc, the Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo (CSK) rift zone represents one of the most active and hazardous volcano‐tectonic systems in the Mediterranean. Although this rift zone has been intensively studied, its tectonic evolution and the interplay of volcanism and tectonism are still poorly understood. In this study, we use high‐resolution reflection seismic imagery to reconstruct the opening of the rift basins. For the first time, we relate the activity of individual faults with the activity of specific volcanic centers in space and time. Our analysis shows a pre‐volcanic NNE‐SSW‐oriented paleo basin underneath the CSK volcanoes, representing a transfer zone between Pliocene ESE‐WNW‐oriented basins, which was overprinted by a NE‐SW‐oriented tectonic regime hosting Late Pliocene volcanism that initiated at the Christiana Volcano. All subsequent volcanoes evolved parallel to this trend. Two major Pleistocene tectonic pulses preceded fundamental changes in the volcanism of the CSK rift including the occurrence of widespread small‐scale volcanic centers followed by focusing of activity at Santorini with increasing explosivity. The observed correlation between changes in the tectonic system and the magmatism of the CSK volcanoes suggests a deep‐seated tectonic control of the volcanic plumbing system. In turn, our analysis reveals the absence of large‐scale faults in basin segments affected by volcanism indicating a secondary feedback mechanism on the tectonic system. A comparison with the evolution of the neighboring Kos‐Nisyros‐Yali volcanic field zone and Rhodos highlights concurrent regional volcano‐tectonic changes, suggesting a potential arc‐wide scale of the observed volcano‐tectonic interplay.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: How do regional tectonic movements and large volcanoes interact? Seismological studies indicate complex volcano‐tectonic feedback links, but, so far, information on the long‐term interactions between tectonics and volcanism is rarely available. The Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo (CSK) rift zone lies in the Aegean Sea and is notorious for its devastating volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis. This region offers the opportunity to study volcano‐tectonic interactions over several million years. In this study, we use high‐resolution seismic imagery to reconstruct the evolution of the rift basins and the CSK volcanoes. We find that all volcanoes lie in a Pliocene transfer zone connecting extensional basins. Volcanism initiated as this older tectonic regime was intersected by a NE‐SW‐directed fault system. Subsequently, all volcanoes evolved parallel to this trend. Several distinct tectonic reorganizations occurred in the Pleistocene, which had a pronounced influence on the CSK volcanoes. In turn, our analysis indicates that the emergence of volcanism also impacted the tectonic evolution of the rift system hindering the evolution of large‐scale normal faults in the volcanic basins. The observed tectonic reorganizations seem to reflect major changes in the stress regime of the Hellenic Arc, potentially also affecting adjacent volcanic centers whose volcano‐tectonic evolution is only poorly constrained so far.
    Description: Key Points: We reconstruct the volcano‐tectonic evolution of the Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo rift zone using multichannel seismic data. The overprint of a Pleistocene NE‐SW striking fault system on a Pliocene E‐W oriented system initiated the emergence of volcanism. Regional tectonics had a primary control on the volcanic plumbing system, while magmatism had a secondary influence on the tectonic system.
    Description: German Research Foundation DFG
    Description: https://doi.org/10.26022/IEDA/331028
    Keywords: ddc:551.8 ; volcano‐tectonics ; Santorini ; rifting ; back‐arc ; Hellenic Arc ; Aegean Sea
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Intrusive Magmatism Strongly Contributed to the Volatile Release Into the Atmosphere of Early Earth (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: Magmatic volatile release was crucial for the build‐up and composition of the early atmosphere and thus for the origin and evolution of life. Even though the rate of intrusive to extrusive magma production on Earth is high, intrusive volatile release is commonly neglected in studies modeling the composition of the early atmosphere. This can mainly be attributed to the solubility of volatiles like H2O and CO2. The solubility is increasing with depth and thus is thought to prevent the release of these volatiles. However, due to the accumulation of H2O and CO2 within the melt during fractional crystallization, the solubility can be exceeded even at greater depths. In our study, we developed a novel numeric model to quantify the amount of H2O and CO2 that can be released from an intrusive system if we consider the process of fractional crystallization. Additionally, we take the possibility of melt ascent and the formation of hydrous minerals into account. According to our simulations, the release of H2O and CO2 from an intrusive magma body is possible within the whole lithosphere. However, the release strongly depends on the initial volatile budget, the formation of hydrous phases, the depth of the intrusion and the buoyancy of the melt. Considering all these factors, our study suggests that about 0%–85% H2O and 100% CO2 can be released from mafic intrusions. This renders the incorporation of the intrusive volatile release mandatory in order to determine the volatile fluxes and the composition of early Earth's atmosphere.
    Description: Key Points: In our model, we quantify the release of H2O and CO2 from a magma body and its significance for early Earth. We examine the effect of fractional crystallization on the solubility and release of volatiles. We consider the buoyancy of the melt and the formation of hydrous minerals.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.35003/MDMAJD
    Keywords: ddc:552 ; volatile release ; intrusive magmatism ; fractional crystallization ; early Earth ; atmosphere ; solubility
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Interface Between Magma and Earth's Atmosphere (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: Volatiles released from magma can form bubbles and leave the magma body to eventually mix with atmospheric air. The composition of those volatiles, as derived from measurements made after their emission, is used to draw conclusions on processes in the Earth's interior or their influences on Earth's atmosphere. So far, the discussion of the influence of high‐temperature mixing with atmospheric air (in particular oxygen) on the measured volcanic gas composition is almost exclusively based on thermodynamic equilibrium (TE) considerations. By modeling the combined effects of C‐H‐O‐S reaction kinetics, turbulent mixing, and associated cooling during the first seconds after magmatic gas release into the atmosphere we show that the resulting gas compositions generally do not represent TE states, with individual species (e.g., CO, H2, H2S, OCS, SO3, HO2, H2O2) deviating by orders of magnitude from equilibrium levels. Besides revealing the chemical details of high‐temperature emission processes, our results question common interpretations of volcanic gas studies, particularly affecting the present understanding of auto‐catalytic conversion of volcanic halogen species in the atmosphere and redox state determination from volcanic plume gas measurements.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: A major fraction of magmatic gas emissions are released into the atmosphere from open vents. The emission processes are characterized by fast turbulent mixing with atmospheric air (within seconds) and associated rapid cooling. Hardly anything is known about the chemical kinetics within this brief mixing and cooling period. We simulate the chemical kinetics during the first seconds of hot magmatic gases in the atmosphere and find severe deviation to common interpretations and central thermodynamic equilibrium assumptions prevailing in volcanic gas geochemistry.
    Description: Key Points: We model the chemical kinetics of high‐temperature volcanic gas emissions within the first seconds of mixing with atmospheric air. We identify key chemical processes within the magma‐atmosphere interface and quantify influences on the volcanic plume composition. Our results question common assumptions prevailing in volcanic gas geochemistry and refine interpretations of gas emissions from open vents.
    Description: German Research Foundation
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; volcanic gas emissions ; kinetic chemistry modeling ; atmospheric chemistry ; magmatic redox states ; reactive halogen chemistry
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Atmospheric Contributions to Global Ocean Tides for Satellite Gravimetry (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: To mitigate temporal aliasing effects in monthly mean global gravity fields from the GRACE and GRACE‐FO satellite tandem missions, both tidal and non‐tidal background models describing high‐frequency mass variability in atmosphere and oceans are needed. To quantify tides in the atmosphere, we exploit the higher spatial (31 km) and temporal (1 hr) resolution provided by the latest atmospheric ECMWF reanalysis, ERA5. The oceanic response to atmospheric tides is subsequently modeled with the general ocean circulation model MPIOM (in a recently revised TP10L40 configuration that includes the feedback of self‐attraction and loading to the momentum equations and has an improved bathymetry around Antarctica) as well as the shallow water model TiME (employing a much higher spatial resolution and more elaborate tidal dissipation than MPIOM). Both ocean models consider jointly the effects of atmospheric pressure variations and surface wind stress. We present the characteristics of 16 waves beating at frequencies in the 1–6 cpd band and find that TiME typically outperforms the corresponding results from MPIOM and also FES2014b as measured from comparisons with tide gauge data. Moreover, we note improvements in GRACE‐FO laser ranging interferometer range‐acceleration pre‐fit residuals when employing the ocean tide solutions from TiME, in particular, for the S1 spectral line with most notable improvements around Australia, India, and the northern part of South America.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: In addition to many rather slow processes such as the melting of glaciers, rapid mass redistribution related to the weather also measurably affect the Earth's gravity field. The ability of monitoring liquid freshwater changes within the Earth system from the satellite gravity missions GRACE (2002–2017) and GRACE‐FO (since 2018) relies on accurate background models of mass variability in atmosphere and oceans for both tidal and non‐tidal processes. Atmospheric tides are primarily excited in the middle atmosphere by solar energy absorption at periods of 24 hr and its overtones. We find additional tidal signatures in the atmosphere excited by periodic deformations of both crust and sea‐surface of the Earth. We thus introduce here a new data set for the atmospheric tides and their corresponding oceanic response that features both more waves and higher accuracy than other background models previously used for the processing of GRACE and GRACE‐FO satellite gravimetry data.
    Description: Key Points: Sixteen relevant tidal lines identified in hourly data from ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis. Dedicated simulations with a high‐resolution global hydrodynamic model to simulate ocean tides with atmospheric influence. New tidal models reduce pre‐fit residuals in GRACE‐FO Laser Ranging Interferometer data.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://pypi.org/project/cdsapi/
    Description: https://mpimet.mpg.de/en/science/models/mpi-esm/mpiom
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5067/graod-1bg06
    Keywords: ddc:526 ; atmospheric tides ; ocean tides ; de‐aliasing ; GRACE‐FO ; ERA5 ; atmospheric forcing
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Interannual Changes in Tidal Conversion Modulate M2 Amplitudes in the Gulf of Maine (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-27
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The Gulf of Maine's lunar semidiurnal (M〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) ocean tide exhibits spatially coherent amplitude changes of ∼1–3 cm on interannual time scales, though no causative mechanism has been identified. Here we show, using a specially designed numerical modeling framework, that stratification changes account for 32%–48% (Pearson coefficient 0.58–0.69) of the observed M〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 variability at tide gauges from 1994 to 2019. Masking experiments and energy diagnoses reveal that the modeled variability is primarily driven by fluctuations in barotropic‐to‐baroclinic energy conversion on the continental slope south of the gulf's mouth, with a 1‐cm amplitude increase at Boston corresponding to a ∼7% (0.30 GW) drop in the area‐integrated conversion rate. Evidence is given for the same process to have caused the decade‐long M〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 amplitude decrease in the Gulf of Maine beginning in 1980/81. The study has implications for nuisance flooding predictions and space geodetic analyses seeking highest accuracies.〈/p〉
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The height of the twice‐daily tide at Boston is about 135 cm, but researchers have long noted that this value fluctuates by about 1–3 cm from year to year. Here we show that the annual tidal height changes—seen in fact throughout the Gulf of Maine—are closely linked to how seawater density is distributed three‐dimensionally in the region. In particular, as tidal currents enter the gulf over steep underwater topography, the vertical distribution of density determines how much of the incoming wave energy is scattered back as internal tides into the deeper Northwest Atlantic. In years where this conversion of wave energy drops by 7% from its nominal value of 4 Gigawatt, the surface tide at Boston typically increases by 1 cm. Climate‐induced changes in ocean temperature and density may strengthen or weaken the conversion effect and thus slightly alter the role of tides in coastal flood events.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points〈: We propagate the M〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 tide through realistic, annually varying density structures (1993–2019) in a regional Gulf of Maine model. Stratification changes explain 32%–48% of the observed, cm‐level M〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 amplitude variability at coastal tide gauges from 1994 to 2019. Modeled M〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 changes mainly reflect fluctuations in the barotropic‐baroclinic energy conversion rate on the New England continental slope.
    Description: Austrian Science Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002428
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://www.gesla.org/
    Description: https://www.tpxo.net/global/tpxo9-atlas
    Description: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.856844
    Description: https://marine.copernicus.eu/access-data
    Description: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/northwest-atlantic-regional-climatology
    Keywords: ddc:551.46 ; ocean tides ; tidal conversion ; Gulf of Maine ; nuisance flooding
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Combining reverse Monte Carlo analysis of X‐ray scattering and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra of very small nanoparticles (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: Finite size effects in partial pair distribution functions generate artefacts in the scattering structure factor and scattering intensity. It is shown how they can be overcome using a binned version of the Debye scattering equation. Accordingly, reverse Monte Carlo simulations are used for very small nanoparticles of LaFeO3 with diameters below 10 nm to simultaneously analyse X‐ray scattering data and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra at the La K and Fe K edges. The structural information obtained is consistent regarding local structure and long‐range order.
    Description: Computing scattering intensity using the Debye scattering equation after binning interatomic distances avoids finite size artefacts and is efficient enough for simultaneous refinement of scattering data and extended X‐ray absorption spectra by reverse Monte Carlo simulations.
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; extended X‐ray absorption fine structure ; EXAFS ; wide‐angle X‐ray scattering ; WAXS ; reverse Monte Carlo ; RMC ; nanocrystals ; LaFeO3
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Green batteries for clean skies: Sustainability assessment of lithium‐sulfur all‐solid‐state batteries for electric aircraft (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The use of novel battery technologies in short‐haul electric aircraft can support the aviation sector in achieving its goals for a sustainable development. However, the production of the batteries is often associated with adverse environmental and socio‐economic impacts, potentially leading to burden shifting. Therefore, this paper investigates alternative technologies for lithium–sulfur all‐solid‐state batteries (LiS‐ASSBs) in terms of their contribution to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). We propose a new approach that builds on life cycle sustainability assessment and links the relevant impact categories to the related SDGs. The approach is applied to analyze four LiS‐ASSB configurations with different solid electrolytes, designed for maximum specific energy using an electrochemical model. They are compared to a lithium–sulfur battery with a liquid electrolyte as a benchmark. The results of our cradle‐to‐gate analysis reveal that the new LiS‐ASSB technologies generally have a positive contribution to SDG achievement. However, the battery configuration with the best technical characteristics is not the most promising in terms of SDG achievement. Especially variations from the technically optimal cathode thickness can improve the SDG contribution. A sensitivity analysis shows that the results are rather robust against the weighting factors within the SDG quantification method.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy ‐ EXC 2163/1‐ Sustainable and Energy Efficient Aviation
    Keywords: ddc:363.7 ; all‐solid‐state battery ; electric aircraft ; industrial ecology ; life cycle sustainability assessment ; prospective sustainability assessment ; sustainable development goals
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Authigenic Formation of Clay Minerals in the Abyssal North Pacific (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-19
    Description: Present estimates of the biogeochemical cycles of calcium, strontium, and potassium in the ocean reveal large imbalances between known input and output fluxes. Using pore fluid, incubation, and solid sediment data from North Pacific multi‐corer cores we show that, contrary to the common paradigm, the top centimeters of abyssal sediments can be an active site of authigenic precipitation of clay minerals. In this region, clay authigenesis is the dominant sink for potassium and strontium and consumes nearly all calcium released from benthic dissolution of calcium carbonates. These observations support the idea that clay authigenesis occurring over broad regions of the world ocean may be a major buffer for ocean chemistry on the time scale of the ocean overturning circulation, and key to the long‐term stability of Earth's climate.
    Description: Key Points: North Pacific red clay sediments are a sink for marine calcium, strontium, and potassium. Authigenic formation of clay minerals is prevalent in pelagic sediments throughout the North Pacific. The main mechanism for clay formation is recrystallization of aluminosilicates, neoformation can occur in biogenic silica rich sediments.
    Description: EC H2020 PRIORITY “Excellent science” H2020 European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: Blavatnik Family Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011643
    Description: Isaac Newton Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004815
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Description: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.946881
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; reverse weathering ; clay authigenesis ; calcium ; potassium ; porewater ; strontium
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modeling cloud properties over the 79 N Glacier (Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, NE Greenland) for an intense summer melt period in 2019 (2022)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-25
    Description: Long believed to be insignificant, melt activity on the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) has increased in recent years. Summertime Arctic clouds have the potential to strongly affect surface melt processes by regulating the amount of radiation received at the surface. However, the cloud effect over Greenland is spatially and temporally variable and high‐resolution information on the northeast is absent. This study aims at exploring the potential of a high‐resolution configuration of the polar‐optimized Weather Research & Forecasting Model (PWRF) in simulating cloud properties in the area of the Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier (79 N Glacier). Subsequently, the model simulations are employed to investigate the impact of Arctic clouds on the surface energy budget and on surface melting during the extensive melt event at the end of July 2019. Compared to automatic weather station (AWS) measurements and remote‐sensing data (Sentinel‐2A and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS), PWRF simulates cloud properties with sufficient accuracy. It appears that peak melt was caused by an increase in solar radiation and sensible heat flux (SHF) in response to a blocking anticyclone and foehn winds in the absence of clouds. Cloud warming over high‐albedo surfaces helped to precondition the surface and prolonged the melting as the anticyclone abated. The results are sensitive to the surface albedo and suggest spatiotemporal differences in the cloud effect as snow and ice properties change over the course of the melting season. This demonstrates the importance of including high‐resolution information on clouds in analyses of ice sheet dynamics.
    Description: German Federal Ministry for Education and Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5065/EM0T-1D34
    Description: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp/#!/search?type=dataset
    Description: https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/search/
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; cloud properties ; cloud radiative effect ; Northeast Greenland Ice Stream ; regional climate modeling ; surface energy balance ; surface melt ; surface energy balance ; surface melt
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A consequential approach to life cycle sustainability assessment with an agent‐based model to determine the potential contribution of chemical recycling to UN Sustainable Development Goals (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-26
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Chemical recycling (CR) could support a circular approach for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment. In promoting the recirculation of recyclable carbon‐containing waste as secondary feedstock for chemical production, it could contribute to resource conservation, emissions reduction, and supply security. To evaluate CR's contribution to the transition from a linear to a circular carbon economy—and correspondingly to the achievement of environmental, economic, and social sustainability as indicated in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN‐SDGs)—this study builds on extant literature of life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) to investigate consequential environmental, economic, and social CR impacts. Specifically, an integrated approach whereby process‐based life cycle assessment, techno‐economic analysis, and social indicators are linked in the framework of an agent‐based model is developed to investigate sustainability consequences of CR via gasification of residual MSW in Germany. Results suggest that CR contributes to reducing climate change and to addressing terrestrial acidification and fossil resource scarcity. However, its deployment will be associated with significant system costs. Hence, to promote CR implementation, measures such as obliging direct waste incineration to trade CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 certificates—provided that certificate prices increase sharply in the future—as well as implementing a recycling rate are found to be necessary to gap economic disadvantages. This study not only contributes to extending life cycle approaches for LCSA methodologically, it furthermore provides valuable insights into temporal and spatial interactions in waste management systems to inform science, industry, and politics about the sustainability impacts of CR on the achievement of the UN‐SDGs. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold 〈italic〉JIE〈/italic〉 data openness badge described at 〈ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://jie.click/badges"〉http://jie.click/badges〈/ext-link〉.〈/p〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉〈ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://jie.click/badges"〉〈inline-graphic xlink:title="image" xlink:href="image_n/jiec13303-gra-0001.png"/〉〈/ext-link〉〈/p〉
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6451976
    Description: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Home/_inhalt.html
    Description: https://www.regionalstatistik.de/
    Description: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen
    Description: https://www.comtrade.un.org/
    Keywords: ddc:363.7 ; circular economy ; gasification ; industrial ecology ; municipal solid waste ; techno‐economic analysis ; waste incineration
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Zitternde Böden und brennender Schlamm: die Wahrnehmung von Moor und Torf bei den Römern (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: Es ist eine interessante wissenschaftsgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Frage, wie die Römer Moore und andere Feuchtgebiete wahrgenommen haben und ob sie Torf kannten. Es gibt kein ursprüngliches lateinisches Wort für die Substanz Torf, aber das verwundert nicht: In den meisten Sprachen ist ein Wort für Torf erst recht spät entstanden. In den Werken von Plinius dem Älteren (24-79 CE) und Tacitus (56-120 CE) gibt es Verweise auf „zitternde Böden“, „schwimmende Inseln“, „brennenden Schlamm“ und „brennende Böden“, die wahrscheinlich von Moor und Torf handeln. Des Weiteren gibt es archäologische Hinweise, dass die römischen Ingenieure, die die Fossa Corbulonis im Westen der Niederlande konstruiert haben, Eigenschaften von Torf kannten. In dieser Studie werden relevante römische Texte und archäologische Funde in ihrem landschaftlichen Kontext kurz vorgestellt und evaluiert.
    Description: An interesting question in the history of culture and science is how the Romans perceived peatlands and other wetlands, and whether they knew ‘peat’ as a substance. The Latin language does not have a word for peat, but this is not surprising, as in most languages a word for the substance appeared rather late. In their works, Pliny the Elder (24-79 CE) and Tacitus (56-120 CE) mention “trembling soils”, “floating islands”, “burning mud” and “burning soils”, which may refer to peatlands and peat. Furthermore, there are archaeological indications that the Roman engineers who constructed the Fossa Corbulonis in the western Netherlands knew the substance and some of its properties. This paper evaluates briefly relevant Roman texts and archaeological finds within the context of the natural landscape.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:809.93352971 ; Feuchtgebiete ; Fossa Corbulonis ; historische Texte ; Kulturgeschichte ; Plinius der Ältere ; Tacitus ; cultural history ; historical texts ; Pliny the Elder ; wetlands
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Schrittweise Wasserspiegelanhebung in Mooren als effektive, flächenwirksame Maßnahme zum Erreichen der Pariser Klimaschutzziele in Nordostdeutschland (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: Für die Umsetzung der Klimaschutzziele auf Moorflächen fehlt in der Bevölkerung die Akzeptanz, Moor zu vernässen. Das bedingt einen zu hohen Aufwand für wasserrechtliche Genehmigungen. Wenn alle Wiedervernässungen über wasserrechtliche Genehmigungen umgesetzt werden müssten, wären die Ziele für Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern bei weitem nicht zu erreichen. Vorgeschlagen wird der Verzicht auf aufwendige Genehmigungsverfahren, was zu einer deutlichen Beschleunigung führt. Die Akzeptanz kann durch Zwischenstauziele deutlich verbessert werden. Innerhalb von 9 Jahren könnten für Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern der Großteil aller Kleinstauanlagen in einen funktionstüchtigen Zustand versetzt und eine Tiefabsenkung des Wasserspiegels vermieden werden. Die geschätzten Kosten liegen für Brandenburg bei 66 Mio. h und für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern bei 38 Mio. h, was z. B. aus Bundesmitteln des Aktionsprogramms „natürlicher Klimaschutz“ (siehe auch: Kabinettsbeschluss zur nationalen Strategie zum Schutz von Mooren) zu finanzieren wäre.
    Description: The implementation of the climate protection goals on peatlands faces a number of obstacles. Above all, the acceptance of wet peatlands by the population and the high cost of water rights permits are bottlenecks in the transformation process. If all rewetting measures had to be implemented via water law permits, the goals for Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern would be far from being achieved. However, there are ways of simplifying and dispensing with approval procedures that can lead to a significant acceleration. Acceptance can be significantly improved with a step-by-step approach through the definition of intermediate storage targets. With the proposed procedure, the majority of all small weirs in Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern could be brought into a functional state within 9 years and a deep lowering of the water level could be avoided. The estimated costs are h66 million for Brandenburg and h38 million for Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, what can be financed e.g. from the federal funds of the action program “natural climate protection”.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:363.7 ; Kleinstauanlagen ; Genehmigungsverfahren ; natürlicher Klimaschutz ; Transformation ; Brandenburg ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; small weirs ; approval procedures ; natural climate protection ; Moor ; peatland
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Feuchtgebiete in Mythos und Religion alter Kulturen: eine Einführung (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: Die Erforschung von Feuchtgebieten im historischen Kontext wirft Fragen auf, die ohne Kombination natur- und geisteswissenschaftlicher Methoden nicht beantwortbar sind. Hierbei bieten, bedingt durch Überlieferungsschwierigkeiten und terminologische Unklarheiten, die Kulturen in Vorderasien und am Mittelmeer eine besondere Herausforderung. Wir versuchen eine Inventur zu erstellen, wie Feuchtgebiete in diesen alten Kulturen empfunden wurden, und analysieren einige Beispiele aus mythologischen bzw. religiösen Quellen.
    Description: The study of wetlands in a historical context leads to questions that cannot be answered without the combination of natural and human sciences. In this frame, the cultures of the Near East and the Mediterranean are – because of preservation of sources and unclarities of terminology – a special challenge. We try to inventory how ancient cultures perceived wetlands and analyse some examples from mythological and religious sources.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:809.93352971 ; ddc:930 ; ddc:201.3 ; Altes Ägypten ; Antike ; Mythologie ; Nahost ; Religion ; Römer ; Ancient Egypt ; Antiquity ; Near East ; Mythology ; Romans
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Das Moorschutzfachkonzept Brandenburgs – wie gelingt der Klimaschutz auf Moorböden in der Praxis? (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-22
    Description: Die Bund-Länder-Zielvereinbarung Moorbodenschutz von 2021 gibt bis 2030 deutschlandweit 5 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr Emissionseinsparung aus Mooren vor, was für brandenburgische Moore einer Einsparung von 710.000 t CO2-eq./Jahr entspricht. Für die Umsetzung in Brandenburg wurde ein notwendiger Transformationspfad ermittelt, nachdem aber bis 2030 bereits mehr als 1,1 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr eingespart werden sollten. Für das Land Brandenburg setzt ein Klimaplan die Transformationsziele. Danach hat die Landwirtschaft allein durch die Umsetzung der Moorschutzmaßnahmen auf großer Fläche die Chance auf Klimaneutralität bis 2045. Als Zuarbeit für den brandenburgischen Klimaplan wurden GIS-technische Umsetzungsvarianten und die zur Emissionsminderung wirksamsten Maßnahmen ermittelt. Danach besteht von den 6,3 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr Gesamtemissionen aus Mooren Brandenburgs unter optimalen Bedingungen ein Einsparungspotenzial von 5,1 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr (Thünen-Institut: 5,4 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr). Unter Berücksichtigung des Klimawandels werden 4,0 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr (Thünen-Institut: 4,3 Mio. t CO2-eq./Jahr) als mindestens machbare Einsparungsmenge eingeschätzt. Darüber hinaus nimmt die Abhängigkeit des Umsetzungserfolges vom Wasserdargebot stetig zu. Die höchste Wirksamkeit hat die großflächige Nachrüstung und Erneuerung von Stauanlagen zur Vermeidung von Tiefentwässerung in Kombination mit einer verbesserten landwirtschaftlichen Förderung. Entscheidend hierbei ist die Minimierung des Genehmigungsaufwandes. Vor allem mit attraktiven landwirtschaftlichen Förderprogrammen lässt sich die erforderliche große Flächenwirkung erzielen, wo genehmigungsbasierte Vorhaben an ihre Grenzen stoßen. Die größte Sogwirkung im anstehenden Transformationsprozess entfalten marktwirtschaftlich integrierte Wertschöpfungsketten. Die Schwerpunkte des Finanzmittelbedarfs werden in folgenden Bereichen gesehen: Wirtschaftsförderung, Verwertung und Technikentwicklung, Ausgleich- und Entschädigung, Wasserbaumaßnahmen und Schutz- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen.
    Description: The federal and state target agreement on peatland soil protection of 2021 specifies 5 million t CO2-eq./year emission savings from peatlands across Germany by 2030, which, broken down to Brandenburg, corresponds to a saving of 710,000 t CO2-eq./year. For the implementation in Brandenburg, a necessary transformation path was determined, after which, however, more than 1.1 million t CO2-eq./year should already be saved by 2030. A climate plan sets the transformation targets for the state of Brandenburg. According to this plan, agriculture has the chance to achieve climate neutrality by 2045 simply by implementing peatland protection measures over a large area. As input for the Brandenburg climate plan, implementation variants and the most effective measures for reducing emissions were determined using GIS technology. According to this, of the 6.3 million t CO2 eq./year total emissions from peatlands in Brandenburg, under optimal conditions there is a savings potential of 5.1 million t CO2 eq./year (Thünen-Institut: 5.4 million t CO2 eq./year). Taking climate change into account, 4.0 million t CO2 eq./year (Thünen-Institut: 4.3 million t CO2 eq./year) are estimated as at least feasible savings. Furthermore, the dependency of the implementation success on the water supply is constantly increasing. The highest effectiveness is achieved by large-scale retrofitting of dams to prevent deep drainage in combination with improved agricultural support. The decisive factor here is the minimisation of the approval effort. Attractive agricultural subsidy programmes in particular can achieve the necessary large-scale effect where permit-based individual projects reach their limits. The greatest pull in the upcoming transformation process comes from integrated value chains in a market economy. The focal points of the need for financial resources are seen in the following areas: Economic promotion, utilisation and technology development, compensation, water construction measures and protection and adaptation measures.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Moorschutz ; Klimaplan ; Umsetzung ; Transformation ; Varianten ; mire protection ; climate plan ; implementation ; variants ; Moor ; Torf ; peatland ; peat
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Alles Matsch? – Bildungs- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in Mooren (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: Moore sind in aller Munde. Stehen wir doch alle vor den globalen Herausforderungen wie Klimawandel und Biodiversitätsverlust. Die im vergangenen Jahr noch schnell beschlossene Moorschutzstrategie der Bundesregierung wurde zunächst ohne nachhaltigen Vermittlungsansatz zur Diskussion gestellt. Das Emsland Moormuseum beteiligte sich daraufhin mit einer entsprechenden Stellungnahme. Diese wurde eins zu eins im finalen Beschluss berücksichtigt. Nun gilt es die Bildungs- und öffentlichkeitsarbeit in Mooren im Rahmen einer gemeinsamen Bildungsstrategie weiter zu diskutieren und auszubauen, so dass das Potenzial einer ganzheitlichen Moorpädagogik mit Kopf, Herz und Hand eine Brücke zwischen Wissen und Handeln schlägt.
    Description: Everyone is talking about peatlands. We are all facing global challenges, such as climate change and loss of biodiversity. The federal government‘s peatland conservation strategy, which was quickly adopted last year, was initially released for discussion without a sustainable education approach. The Emsland Moormuseum issued a critical statement and thus substantially changed the final policy. Now it is essential to discuss and advance the education and publicity in peatlands together. For this, the full potential of an integral peatland education, which combines head, heart and hands to build a bridge between knowledge and action should be used.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:333.7 ; Moorpädagogik ; Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Moorbewusstsein ; Vermittlungsarbeit in Mooren ; Umweltbildung ; peatland education ; education for sustainable development ; peatland awareness ; mediation in peatlands ; environmental education
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MoorIS: Inhalte und zukünftige Möglichkeiten des Moorinformationssystems für Niedersachsen (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland hat im Klimaschutzgesetz formuliert, bis zum Jahr 2045 eine Treibhausgasneutralität anzustreben. Die Änderung der Landnutzung auf Moorstandorten wird als integraler Bestandteil der Zielsetzung angesehen. Durch die landwirtschaftliche Nutzung von Moorstandorten werden 53 Millionen Tonnen Treibhausgase pro Jahr emittiert. Damit ist die Nutzung der entwässerten Moore der größte einzelne Treibhausgasemittent außerhalb des Energiesektors. Die Verfügbarkeit von Daten und Informationen für ein klimaschonendes Management der Moorflächen ist essentiell für die langfristige Reduktion der Emissionen aus Mooren und den Erhalt weiterer Landschaftsfunktionen wie der Biodiversität. Die Landesfläche Niedersachsens beheimatet ein Drittel der deutschen Moorflächen. Damit obliegt dem Bundesland eine wichtige Verantwortung in der Reduktion der Emissionen auf Mooren und kohlenstoffreichen Böden. Das Moorinformationssystem „MoorIS“ (https://mooris-niedersachsen.de/) stellt behördenübergreifende Daten und Informationen zu den niedersächsischen Mooren zur Verfügung. Diese umfassen neben landesweiten kartographischen Aufbereitungen und Bohrungen auch Informationen zu Moorgebieten und Moorprojekten, eine Übersicht und Arbeitshilfen für Moormanagementoptionen. Ergänzt wird dies durch moorkundliche Erläuterungen sowie Ausführungen zur Nutzung und Geschichte der niedersächsischen Moore. Das Zielpublikum des MoorIS umfasst vor allem Fachpublikum mit Vorkenntnissen zu Mooren. Das reicht von Verwaltungen, Entscheidungstragenden in Politik und Wirtschaft, über Verbände und Vereine im Natur- und Umweltschutz, Planungsbüros bis hin zu Forschung und Lehre. Gleichzeitig bietet die Webseite auch Informationen zu Niedersachsens Mooren für Nutzende mit wenig bis keinen Vorkenntnissen. Die Webseite umfasst vor allem landesweite Karten und Auszüge aus Datenbanken mehrerer Landesbehörden. In zukünftigen Erweiterungen des Informationssystems könnten Daten, die im Rahmen von Moorprojekten erhoben wurden, integriert werden. Damit würden vor allem lokale Informationen zum Boden und zur Hydrologie erfasst werden. Diese Integration von Daten Dritter erfordert eine enge behördliche Zusammenarbeit, um bestehende Standards und Datenstrukturen nutzen zu können und doppelte Datenhaltungen zu vermeiden. Im Moorinformationssystem wird die Bereitstellung von umfassenden sowie belastbaren Informationen angestrebt, sodass eine breite Informationsbasis für zukünftige Entscheidungen im Sinne des Schutzes der niedersächsischen Moore zur Verfügung stehen wird.
    Description: Germany aims to become greenhouse gas neutral by 2045. An integral part of reaching this goal will be changing the land use of peatlands. The agricultural use of peatlands in Germany results in the emission of 53 Mio. T greenhouse gases each year, making peatlands the single largest emitter of GHGs outside of the energy sector. In order to reduce GHG Emissions from peatlands and to achieve other environmental objectives like biodiversity goals, stakeholders in peatland management will need access to reliable site data as well as information about climate-friendly management options. With over one third of the peatland area in Germany, Lower Saxony plays an important role in reducing GHG emissions from peatlands. The peatland information system for Lower Saxony (MoorIS) is a website, which bundles peatland data from different institutions, i.e. nature protection and geological institutes. The content of the website covers maps, detailed information on peatland areas and peatland projects, best practices documents on various climate-friendly management options as well as general texts on peatland management, ecology and regional land use. Furthermore, an online form, which will allow stakeholders to upload basic information about new peatland related projects, will allow users to contribute information to the website. The main target group for MoorIS is users with some previous peatland knowledge, i.e. administrative authorities, stakeholder in politics and industry, non-governmental organizations, planning offices. General texts on peatland topics will allow also users with little previous knowledge to acquire general background knowledge of peatlands in Lower Saxony. Currently, the website focusses on providing small-scale information in the form of maps and databases from various state institutions. However, future expansion of the website could integrate detailed project data. This addition would include local data, such as soil and hydrology data, compiled by management projects. The integration of additional data would entail cooperation with institutes that have existing databases to avoid the duplication of data. Overall, MoorIS aims to provide reliable and comprehensive data to enable stakeholders to plan and manage Lower Saxony’s peatlands in a climate-friendly manner.
    Description: SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: report
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; Internetplattform ; Karten ; Handlungsempfehlungen ; Moormanagement ; Moorschutz ; Internet platform ; maps ; best practice guides ; peatland management ; peatland conservation
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...