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  • 1
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    Developing a Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption Spectral Database as Reference for Spaceborne Mass Spectrometers (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Description: Spaceborne impact ionization mass spectrometers, such as the Cosmic Dust Analyzer on board the past Cassini spacecraft or the SUrface Dust Analyzer being built for NASA's upcoming Europa Clipper mission, are of crucial importance for the exploration of icy moons in the Solar System, such as Saturn's moon Enceladus or Jupiter's moon Europa. For the interpretation of data produced by these instruments, analogue experiments on Earth are essential. To date, thousands of laboratory mass spectra have been recorded with an analogue experiment for impact ionization mass spectrometers. Simulation of mass spectra of ice grains in space is achieved by a Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption (LILBID) approach. The desorbed cations or anions are analyzed in a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The amount of unstructured raw data is increasingly challenging to sort, process, interpret and compare with data from space. Thus far this has been achieved manually for individual mass spectra because no database containing the recorded reference spectra was available. Here we describe the development of a comprehensive, extendable database containing cation and anion mass spectra from the laboratory LILBID facility. The database is based on a Relational Database Management System with a web server interface and enables filtering of the laboratory data using a wide range of parameters. The mass spectra can be compared not only with data from past and future space missions but also mass spectral data generated by other, terrestrial, techniques. The validated and approved subset of the database is available for general public (https://lilbid-db.planet.fu-berlin.de).
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Thousands of laboratory mass spectra, each with an individual set of experimental parameters, have been recorded so far using a facility situated at Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. The mass spectra help analyze and interpret data returned from spacecraft in the vicinity of icy moons in the Solar System. The unstructured laboratory data is increasingly challenging to sort and compare to the data from space. We developed an extendable database containing the laboratory data. The database is available for general public and allows filtering the stored data for a wide range of experimental parameters and, in turn, significantly improves analysis of data not only from past space missions but also future missions in particular.
    Description: Key Points: We describe the development of a comprehensive spectral database containing laboratory analogue data for spaceborne mass spectrometers. The database is based on a Relational Database Management System with a web interface and accessible for community use. Filtering the laboratory data using a wide range of experimental parameters allows a straightforward analysis of returned flight data.
    Description: EC, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (H2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863855
    Description: https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/cassini/cda/COCDA_0007.tar.gz
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; mass spectral database ; analogue experiments ; ice grains ; ocean worlds ; SUDA ; ENIA ; LILBID ; TOF‐MS
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct measurement of rotational and vibrational relaxation in methane overtone levels by time-resolved infrared double-resonance spectroscopy (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 10533-10547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A time-resolved infrared double-resonance technique has been used to measure vibrationally and rotationally inelastic collision rates in ground and vibrational overtone levels of methane. A Raman-shifted Ti:sapphire laser is used to pump J=0 through 7 states in the 2ν3 and ν3+ν4 levels of 12CH4, and a tunable diode laser is used to probe the time-dependent level populations. Vibrational equilibration is observed among the octad, pentad, and dyad levels, with subsequent relaxation to the ground state. State-to-state rotational energy transfer rates are obtained in the ground and ν3+ν4 excited vibrational levels, and compared with theoretical predictions and with pressure-broadening measurements on the corresponding transitions. The probability of molecular reorientation in an inelastic collision is also inferred from the polarization dependence of the relaxation times. Parity-conserving and vibrational angular momentum propensity rules are inferred for the lower rotational levels of methane. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467871
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-resolved collisional energy transfer in highly excited NO2. I. Cross sections and propensities for J, K, and mJ changing collisions (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 1389-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: State-resolved experiments probing the dynamics in NO2#–NO2 collisions at high internal energies (17 500〈E〈18 000 cm−1) are reported. A sequential optical double resonance technique with sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection has been employed for the assignment of states of NO2 in the energy range between 17 500 and 18 000 cm−1, a spectral region where the optically "bright" 2B2 state is strongly coupled to high lying ("dark") states of the 2A1 ground state and other electronic states. Subsequently, the decay of population and polarization following rotationally inelastic and elastic collisions has been probed directly using a time- and polarization-resolved optical double resonance technique. Total depopulation rates have been determined to be about 2–3 times above the Lennard-Jones estimate. The thermally averaged state-to-state cross sections have been derived from a master equation analysis of the kinetic traces. The rate constants have been scaled by angular momentum scaling expressions based upon the infinite order sudden approximation which were modified to account for dynamical restrictions on angular momentum and polarization transfer. Pure rotational energy transfer within a vibrational state turned out to be fast and dominating the collision dynamics, whereas rovibrational energy transfer was slower and proceeded with a lower efficiency. In addition, interesting propensity pattern for angular momentum and polarization transfer have been found. The individual state-to-state rate constants clearly indicated that rotational energy transfer in highly excited mixed (chaotic) states is still governed by pronounced propensities in J, K, and mJ changing collisions. Here mj is the projection of J on a space fixed axis, which is defined by the laser, and K is the projection of J on the body-fixed symmetry axis of the molecule. In particular, we have found a propensity for small changes of mJ in elastic and inelastic collisions, in accord with recently suggested theoretical models. Interestingly, we also found a considerably lower probability for ΔK changes in these collisions. The propensities found for ΔmJ and ΔK are discussed within the framework of dynamic (kinematic) collision models. The observed cross sections, their overall scaling behavior, as well as estimations of the Massey parameter are consistent with collisions following mostly a direct mechanism for rotational energy transfer rather than a complex forming mechanism. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-resolved collisional energy transfer in highly excited NO2. II. Vibrational energy transfer in the presence of strong chemical interaction (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 1404-1415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The state-resolved collisional self-relaxation of highly (optically) excited NO2 (Eint(approximate)18 000 cm−1) in a thermal cell has been probed directly using time-resolved optical double resonance spectroscopy. The thermally averaged state-to-state cross sections have been derived from a master equation analysis of the kinetic traces. Rovibrational energy transfer (intramolecular V–V,V–T,R) was found to be more than an order of magnitude less efficient than pure rotational energy transfer (R–T,R–RT) within a vibrational state. The obtained cross sections for vibrational energy transfer are discussed with respect to the different relaxation mechanisms of the molecule, i.e., direct "fast" relaxation NO2(νi)+NO2→NO2(νf)+NO2 and complex forming collisions NO2(νi)+NO2→N2O4→NO2(νf)+NO2, and compared with high pressure recombination rates k∞. The experiments show that the observed collisions are closer to the impulsive than to the complex forming limit. In addition, we have discussed the magnitude of the experimental relaxation rates in terms of excited state couplings and the influence of vibronic chaos on the relaxation of highly excited NO2. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478015
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy of HOCl. II. High overtones, perturbations, and intramolecular dynamics (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 3103-3116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution spectra of the 4ν1 and 5ν1 OH-stretch overtone and the weak 4ν1+ν2 combination band of transient HO35(37)Cl in the energy range 12 500–16 500 cm−1 have been recorded using ultrasensitive intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS). For this investigation, two different spectrometers, a titanium:sapphire and a dye-jet ICLA spectrometer have been employed. We report line assignments for both isotopomers, refined Dunham parameters, and the spectroscopic constants for the excited rovibrational states. Strong and weak Fermi-type resonances as well as Coriolis interactions at (approximate)65%–85% of the dissociation energy E0 have been found and the role of dark perturbers is discussed. The dark 2ν1+3ν2+3ν3 state has been analyzed and identified to be the perturber of 3ν1+2ν2. From the detailed analysis of the experimental data the anharmonicity parameters of the asymmetric stretch ν3 are refined. The 5ν1 band at about 85% of E0 has been found to be strongly mixed with the 4ν1+2ν2+ν3 zero order vibrational state, and both states are coupled to other background states by additional (weaker) interactions. The extent and the magnitude of perturbations in all Ka bands of the 5ν1/4ν1+2ν2+ν3 system and additional interactions with other background states may be regarded as the signature of the onset of efficient but restricted intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) in the overtone spectrum of HOCl. The intramolecular dynamics of this small molecule after coherent short pulse excitation of the 5ν1 zero order state is discussed in terms of a simple tiers model. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473053
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy of HOCl overtones. I. The 3v1+2v2 band and numbers of vibrational states (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 3189-3197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The near infrared high-resolution spectra of the a-type transitions of the weak 3v1+2v2 combination band of transient HO35(37)Cl at 12 600 cm−1 has been recorded in an ultrasensitive titanium:sapphire intracavity laser absorption spectrometer (ICLAS). We report line assignments, new and refined anharmonicity parameters, and the spectroscopic constants for the excited rovibrational states of 3v1+2v2. The Fermi resonance perturbations in this five quanta region, where the internal energy of the molecule is already more than 2/3 of the dissociation energy E0, remain localized and they are the exception, while the extent of intermode mixing and thus intramolecular vibrational energy distribution (IVR) seems to be still small. A Dunham expansion is used for band origin predictions and representations of vibrational states N(E) of HO35Cl up to the dissociation threshold. The results are compared with harmonic and anharmonic numbers of states from a recently proposed stretch–bend coupling model. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471016
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-to-state rotational energy-transfer measurements in the v2=1 state of ammonia by infrared–infrared double resonance (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 8236-8250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An infrared double-resonance laser spectroscopic technique is used to study state-resolved rotational (R–R, R–T) energy transfer in ammonia (14NH3) (self-collisions and between ammonia and foreign gases). NH3 molecules are prepared in selected rovibrational states of the v2=1 level using coincidences between CO2 -laser lines and ν2 fundamental transitions. Measurements of both the total rate of depopulation by collisions, and the rates of transfer into specific final rovibrational states (v,J,K) have been carried out using time-resolved tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. For NH3–NH3 collisions, measurements of total depopulation rates of selected JK states in v2=1 and ground-state recovery rates are found to be three and eight times larger, respectively, than the Lennard-Jones collision rate, in accord with theoretical expectations for polar molecules.A kinetic master-equation analysis of time-resolved level populations yields state-to-state rate constants and propensity rules for NH3–NH3 and NH3–Ar collisions. Individual rotational energy-transfer rates in v2=1 are slower than in the vibrational ground state, but still comparable to the Lennard-Jones collision frequency. Our experiments show that rotational energy transfer in v2=1 is not governed by simple "dipolelike'' selection rules. They show fast rotational energy transfer, which can be related to long-range interaction potentials, but at the same time considerable amounts of ΔJ=2 and 3, ΔK=0, and ΔJ=1–4, ΔK=3, transitions, which may be attributed to higher-order terms in the multipole expansion of the intermolecular potential. No pronounced symmetry-state correlation and no preferred pathways were found except the preference for relaxation within a K stack and the expected separate relaxation of different nuclear-spin species, which can be labeled by their K-quantum number. Rates of collision-induced symmetry change (a↔s) in v2=1 are on the order of kas=4 μs−1 torr−1, smaller than kas in the ground state, but over an order of magnitude larger than that recently reported in the literature. Depopulation rates for other collision partners (Ar, H2, N2, and He) can be understood in terms of the intermolecular potentials. Comparisons are made between the relaxation rates measured in this work and infrared pressure-broadening coefficients reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462878
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Informationsbedürfnisse und Informations gewohnheiten der Verfahrens-Ingenieure als Bedarfsträger wissenschaftlich-technischer Informationen - Eine empirische UntersuchungVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 30. Sept. bis 2. Okt. 1975 in Karlsruhe. (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 48 (1976), S. 327-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Informationsbedürfnisse ; Informationsgewohnheiten ; Dokumentation ; Verfahrens-Ingenieure ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330480415
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  • 9
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    Efficiency enhancement of a dielectric barrier plasma discharge by dielectric barrier optimization (2010)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
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    Erratum: “Efficiency enhancement of a dielectric barrier plasma discharge by dielectric barrier optimization” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 113507 (2010)] (2011)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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