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  • Springer  (99,169)
  • American Chemical Society  (42,627)
  • Institute of Physics  (30,590)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2020-2023  (46)
  • 2010-2014  (172,344)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2021  (46)
  • 2013  (172,344)
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  • 1
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    How to Find Aquifer Statistics Utilizing Pumping Tests? Two Field Studies Using welltestpy (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: We present a workflow to estimate geostatistical aquifer parameters from pumping test data using the Python package welltestpy. The procedure of pumping test analysis is exemplified for two data sets from the Horkheimer Insel site and from the Lauswiesen site, Germany. The analysis is based on a semi‐analytical drawdown solution from the upscaling approach Radial Coarse Graining, which enables to infer log‐transmissivity variance and horizontal correlation length, beside mean transmissivity, and storativity, from pumping test data. We estimate these parameters of aquifer heterogeneity from type‐curve analysis and determine their sensitivity. This procedure, implemented in welltestpy, is a template for analyzing any pumping test. It goes beyond the possibilities of standard methods, for example, based on Theis' equation, which are limited to mean transmissivity and storativity. A sensitivity study showed the impact of observation well positions on the parameter estimation quality. The insights of this study help to optimize future test setups for geostatistical aquifer analysis and provides guidance for investigating pumping tests with regard to aquifer statistics using the open‐source software package welltestpy.
    Description: Article impact statement: We present a workflow to infer parameters of subsurface heterogeneity from pumping test data exemplified at two sites using welltestpy.
    Description: German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007636
    Keywords: ddc:551.49
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Importance of sources of variability, scales and experimental design: A case study about the effects of biochar and slurry application on soil properties in agricultural silty loam soils (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: In designed experiments, different sources of variability and an adequate scale of measurement need to be considered, but not all approaches in common usage are equally valid. In order to elucidate the importance of sources of variability and choice of scale, we conducted an experiment where the effects of biochar and slurry applications on soil properties related to soil fertility were studied for different designs: (a) for a field‐scale sampling design with either a model soil (without natural variability) as an internal control or with composited soils, (b) for a design with a focus on amendment variabilities, and (c) for three individual field‐scale designs with true field replication and a combined analysis representative of the population of loess‐derived soils. Three silty loam sites in Germany were sampled and the soil macroaggregates were crushed. For each design, six treatments (0, 0.15 and 0.30 g slurry‐N kg−1 with and without 30 g biochar kg−1) were applied before incubating the units under constant soil moisture conditions for 78 days. CO2 fluxes were monitored and soils were analysed for macroaggregate yields and associated organic carbon (C). Mixed‐effects models were used to describe the effects. For all soil properties, results for the loess sites differed with respect to significant contributions of fixed effects for at least one site, suggesting the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils to be made and showed that site:slurry:biochar and site:slurry interactions were not negligible for macroaggregate yields. The use of a model soil as an internal control enabled observation of variabilities other than those related to soils or amendments. Experiments incorporating natural variability in soils or amendments resulted in partially different outcomes, indicating the need to include all important sources of variability. Highlights Effects of biochar and slurry applications were studied for different designs and mixed‐effects models were used to describe the effects. Including an internal control allowed observation of, e.g., methodological and analytical variabilities. The results suggested the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils. The results indicated the need to include all important sources of variability.
    Keywords: ddc:631.4
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Do tree species affect decadal changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in Danish common garden experiments? (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: Temperate forest soils are often considered as an important sink for atmospheric carbon (C), thereby buffering anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, the effect of tree species composition on the magnitude of this sink is unclear. We resampled a tree species common garden experiment (six sites) a decade after initial sampling to evaluate whether forest floor (FF) and topsoil organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Nt) stocks changed in dependence of tree species (Norway spruce—Picea abies L., European beech—Fagus sylvatica L., pedunculate oak—Quercus robur L., sycamore maple—Acer pseudoplatanus L., European ash—Fraxinus excelsior L. and small‐leaved lime—Tilia cordata L.). Two groups of species were identified in terms of Corg and Nt distribution: (1) Spruce with high Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as a mor humus layer which tended to have smaller Corg and Nt stocks and a wider Corg:Nt ratio in the mineral topsoil, and (2) the broadleaved species, of which ash and maple distinguished most clearly from spruce by very low Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as mull humus layer, had greater Corg and Nt stocks, and narrow Corg:Nt ratios in the mineral topsoil. Over 11 years, FF Corg and Nt stocks increased most under spruce, while small decreases in bulk mineral soil (esp. in 0–15 cm and 0–30 cm depth) Corg and Nt stocks dominated irrespective of species. Observed decadal changes were associated with site‐related and tree species‐mediated soil properties in a way that hinted towards short‐term accumulation and mineralisation dynamics of easily available organic substances. We found no indication for Corg stabilisation. However, results indicated increasing Nt stabilisation with increasing biomass of burrowing earthworms, which were highest under ash, lime and maple and lowest under spruce. Highlights We studied if tree species differences in topsoil Corg and Nt stocks substantiate after a decade. The study is unique in its repeated soil sampling in a multisite common garden experiment. Forest floors increased under spruce, but topsoil stocks decreased irrespective of species. Changes were of short‐term nature. Nitrogen was most stable under arbuscular mycorrhizal species.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaff (DFG)
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; ddc:631.41
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Environmental screening for the assessment of potentially toxic elements content in PGI soils from the Mediterranean region (Italy and Turkey) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-02
    Description: To provide a contribution to the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, here we present the results of a study focused on the potentially toxic elements (PTE) content in agricultural soils’ representative for the Mediterranean region. To reach this aim, samples of 22 Italian (NE Peloritani Mountains, Sicily) and 18 Turkish (Amik Plain, Hatay) soils were collected and analyzed to evaluate their PTE content. The Italian and Turkish sites have been selected because they represent very important cultivation zones. In Amik Plain (Turkey), the dominant crops consist of cotton, wheat, corn and olives, whereas in NE Peloritani Mountains, Sicily (Italy), an appreciate citrus variety, known as the “Interdonato lemon”, guaranteed by Protected Geographical Indication label, is produced. The collected results include: (1) the assessment of PTE levels in soils; (2) the identifcation of the PTE sources; (3) the relationships between PTE contents and soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, CaCO3, and clay). Several multivariate statistical methods such as correlation matrix, cluster analysis and main component analysis were applied to individuate the anthropogenic vs natural origin of the PTE sources. The detected PTE levels are in decreasing order Mn〉Zn〉V〉Cr〉Cu〉Ni〉As〉Pb〉Co〉Sb〉Se〉Cd for the Italian soils, and Mn〉 Ni〉V〉Zn〉Cr〉Cu〉Pb〉Co〉As〉Se〉Sb〉Cd for the Turkish soils. The overall obtained results allowed to defne: (a) a main lithogenic source for PTE detected in the Italian soils, except for Zn which origin is also associated to anthropogenic input; (b) a lithogenic origin for all of the PTE detected for the Turkish soils, with an associate anthropogenic contribution for Cr, Ni, V, Cu and V. The results obtained in this work enhance the knowledge in the individuation of PTE pollution sources in agricultural soils of the European Mediterranean region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 499
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Geochemical and isotopic insights into the assembly, evolution and disruption of a magmatic plumbing system before and after a cataclysmic caldera-collapse eruption at Ischia volcano (Italy) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: New geochemical and isotopic data on volcanic rocks spanning the period ~75–50 ka BP on Ischia volcano, Italy, shed light on the evolution of the magmatic system before and after the catastrophic, caldera-forming Monte Epomeo Green Tuff (MEGT) eruption. Volcanic ac tivity during this period was influenced by a large, composite and differentiating magmatic system, replenished several times with isotopically distinct magmas of deepprovenance. Chemical and isotopic variations highlight that the pre-MEGT eruptions were fed by trachytic/phonolitic magmas from an isotopically zoned reservoir that were poorly enriched in radiogenic Sr and became progressively less radiogenic with time. Just prior to the MEGT eruption, the magmatic system was recharged by an isotopically distinct magma, relatively more enriched in radiogenic Sr with respect to the previously erupted magmas. This second magma initially fed several SubPlinian explosive eruptions and later supplied the climactic, phonolitic-to-trachytic MEGT eruption(s). Isotopic data, together with erupted volume estimations obtained for MEGT eruption(s), indicate that 〉5–10 km3of this relatively enriched magma had accumulated in the Ischia plumbing system. Geochemical modelling indicates that it accumulated at shallow depths (4–6 km), over a period of ca. 20 ka. After the MEGT eruption, volcanic activity was fed by a new batch of less differentiated (trachyte-latite) magma that was slightly less enriched in radiogenic Sr. The geochemical and Sr–Nd-isotopic variations through time reflect the upward flux of isotopically distinct magma batches, variably contaminated byHercynian crust at 8–12 km depth. The deep-sourced latitic to trachytic magmas stalled at shallow depths (4–6 km depth), differentiated to phonolite through crystal fractionation and assimilation of a feldspar-rich mush, or ascended directly to the surface and erupted.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1035
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ischia volcano ; Magmatic plumbing system ; Radiogenic isotopes ; Geothermometry ; Feldspar assimilation ; Caldera collapse
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    The contribution of palaeomagnetism, tephrochronology and radiocarbon dating to refine the last 1100 years of eruptive activity at Vulcano (Italy) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: During the past millennia, several eruptions have occurred within the La Fossa caldera on the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), some being also described in historical documents dating back to Republican Roman times (first to second century BC). The absolute and relative timing of such activity, however, has remained poorly defined and controversial, due to contrasting ages provided by radiometric and unconventional palaeomagnetic methods. Here, we present a detailed recon- struction of the eruptive history focused on the ninth to fifteenth century AD period that occurred at both La Fossa cone and Vulcanello. This integrated approach involves tephrostratigraphy, standard palaeomagnetic methodology and radiocarbon dating. The new dataset confirms that the lavas exposed above sea level at Vulcanello were erupted between the tenth and eleventh century AD, and not between the first and second century BC as previously suggested. In this same time interval, La Fossa cone was characterized by long-lasting, shoshonitic, explosive activity followed by a discrete, sustained, rhyolitic explosive eruption. Between AD 1050 and 1300, activity was focused only on La Fossa cone, with alternating explosive and effusive eruptions that emplaced four rhyolitic and trachytic lava flows, resulting in significant growth of the cone. After the violent, phreatic event of the Breccia di Commenda (thirteenth century), the eruption continued with a substantial, long- lasting emission of fine ash until activity ceased. Magmatic explosive activity resumed at La Fossa cone at the beginning of the fifteenth century marking the onset of the Gran Cratere cycle. This phase lasted until the mid-sixteenth century and produced at least seven explosive eruptions of intermediate magma composition and a couple of lateral explosions (Forgia Vecchia I and II). During this time interval, a third cinder cone was emplaced at Vulcanello, and the activity produced the lava flows of Punta del Roveto and Valle dei Mostri. From the seventeenth to twentieth centuries, volcanic activity was concentrated at La Fossa cone, where it ended in 1890. This work confirms that Vulcanello island formed in Medieval times between the tenth and eleventh centuries. Moreover, between the tenth and mid-sixteenth centuries, La Fossa caldera was the site of at least 19 eruptions with an average eruption rate of one event every 34 years. This rate makes volcanic hazard at Vulcano higher than that suggested to date.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    3D physics-based seismic shaking scenarios for city of Zagreb, Capital of Croatia (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: In this work, we assess ground shaking in the wider Zagreb area by computing simulated seismograms at regional distances. For the purposes of the simulations, we assemble the 3D velocity and density model and test its performance. First, we compare the low-frequency simulations obtained using deterministic method for both new 3D model and a simple 1D model. We then continue the performance test by computing the full broadband seismo- grams. To do that, we apply the hybrid technique in which the low frequency (f〈1 Hz) and high frequency (f=1–10 Hz) seismograms are obtained separately using deterministic and stochastic method, respectively, and then reconciled into a single time series. We apply this method to the MW=5.3 event and four smaller (3.0〈MW〈5.0) events that occurred in the studied region. We compare simulated data with the recorded seismograms and vali- date our results by calculating the goodness of fit score for peak ground velocity and shak- ing duration. Next, to improve the understanding of the strong ground motion in this area, we simulate seismic shaking scenarios for the 1880, MW = 6.2 earthquake. From computed low-frequency waveforms, we generate shakemaps and compare the ground-motion fea- tures of the two possible sources of this event, Kašina fault and North Medvednica fault. We conduct a preliminary study to determine which fault is a more probable source of the 1880 historic event by comparing the peak ground velocities and Arias intensity with the observed intensities.
    Description: Croatian Science Foundation under the Project No. IP-2020-02-3960 European Commission, H2020 Excel- lence Science [ChEESE (Grant No. 823844)]
    Description: Published
    Description: 167–192
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Numerical simulation ; 3D ground motion ; Earthquake ; Central Croatia ; Zagreb ; Seismic wave propagation ; 3D crustal model ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Tectonics and fluvial dynamism affecting the Tiber River in Prehistoric Rome (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Geomorphological investigations in Rome’s river valley are revealing the dynamism of the prehistoric landscape. It is becoming increasingly apparent that paleogeographic conditions that defined Rome in the historical era are the product of changes since the Bronze Age, which may be the result of local fault activity in addition to fluvial dynamism. Through a dedicated borehole chronostratigraphic study, integrated by 14C and archaeological dates, and paleomagnetic investigations, we offer here new evidence for fault displacement since ca. 4500 years/BP. We present the failure of the sedimentary fabric of a clay horizon caused by liquefaction processes commonly linked with seismic shaking, interpreting an (ca. 4 m) offset to signify the existence of a fault line located at the foot of the Capitoline Hill. In addition, we show evidence for another (ca. 1 m) offset affecting a stratigraphic horizon in the river channel, occurring along another hypothesized fault line crossing through the Tiber Valley. Movement along this fault may have contributed to a documented phase of fast overflooding dated to the sixth century BCE which eventually led to the birth of the Tiber Island. The most plausible scenario implies progressive deformation, with an average tectonic rate of 2 mm/year, along these inferred fault lines. This process was likely punctuated with moderate earthquakes, but no large event necessarily occurred. Together, the available evidence suggests that during the early centuries of sedentary habitation at the site of Rome, active fault lines contributed to significant changes to the Tiber River valley, capable of challenging lowland activities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 359–378
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Guidelines for volcano-observatory operations during crises: recommendations from the 2019 volcano observatory best practices meeting (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: In November 2019, the fourth meeting on Volcano Observatory Best Practices workshop was held in Mexico City as a series of talks, discussions, and panels. Volcanologists from around the world offered suggestions for ways to optimize volcano-observatory crisis operations. By crisis, we mean unrest that may or may not lead to eruption, the eruption itself, or its aftermath, all of which require analysis and communications by the observatory. During a crisis, the priority of the observatory should be to acquire, process, analyze, and interpret data in a timely manner. A primary goal is to communicate effectively with the authorities in charge of civil protection. Crisis operations should rely upon exhaustive planning in the years prior to any actual unrest or eruptions. Ideally, nearly everything that observatories do during a crisis should be envisioned, prepared, and practiced prior to the actual event. Pre-existing agreements and exercises with academic and government collaborators will minimize confusion about roles and responsibilities. In the situation where planning is unfinished, observatories should prioritize close ties and communications with the land and civil-defense authorities near the most threatening volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Microplastics in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica): A Forensic Approach for Discrimination between Environmental and Vessel-Induced Microplastics (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Microplastic (MP) pollution has been found in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica, but many local regions within this vast area remain uninvestigated. The remote Weddell Sea contributes to the global thermohaline circulation, and one of the two Antarctic gyres is located in that region. In the present study, we evaluate MP (〉300 μm) concentration and composition in surface (n = 34) and subsurface water samples (n = 79, ∼11.2 m depth) of the Weddell Sea. All putative MP were analyzed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. MP was found in 65% of surface and 11.4% of subsurface samples, with mean (±standard deviation (SD)) concentrations of 0.01 (±0.01 SD) MP m–3 and 0.04 (±0.1 SD) MP m–3, respectively, being within the range of previously reported values for regions south of the Polar Front. Additionally, we aimed to determine whether identified paint fragments (n = 394) derive from the research vessel. Environmentally sampled fragments (n = 101) with similar ATR-FTIR spectra to reference paints from the research vessel and fresh paint references generated in the laboratory were further subjected to micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μXRF) to compare their elemental composition. This revealed that 45.5% of all recovered MP derived from vessel-induced contamination. However, 11% of the measured fragments could be distinguished from the reference paints via their elemental composition. This study demonstrates that differentiation based purely on visual characteristics and FTIR spectroscopy might not be sufficient for accurately determining sample contamination sources.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 11
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    Integrating hazard, exposure, vulnerability and resilience for risk and emergency management in a volcanic context: the ADVISE model (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-09
    Description: Risk assessments in volcanic contexts are complicated by the multi-hazard nature of both unrest and eruption phases, which frequently occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. As an attempt to capture the multi-dimensional and dynamic nature of volcanic risk, we developed an integrAteD VolcanIc risk asSEssment (ADVISE) model that focuses on two temporal dimensions that authorities have to address in a volcanic context: short-term emergency management and long-term risk management. The output of risk assessment in the ADVISE model is expressed in terms of potential physical, functional, and systemic damage, determined by combining the available information on hazard, exposed systems and vulnerability. The ADVISE model permits qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative risk assessment depending on the final objective and on the available information. The proposed approach has evolved over a decade of study on the volcanic island of Vulcano (Italy), where recent signs of unrest combined with uncontrolled urban development and significant seasonal variations of exposed population result in highly dynamic volcanic risk. For the sake of illustration of all the steps of the ADVISE model, we focus here on the risk assessment of the transport system in relation to the tephra fallout associated with a long-lasting Vulcanian cycle.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Emergency management; Functional vulnerability; Hazard; Physical vulnerability; Risk assessment; Risk management; Systemic vulnerability; Vulcano island
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    The long and intertwined record of humans and the Campi Flegrei volcano (Italy) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: The Campi Flegrei volcano (or Phlegraean Fields), Campania, Italy, generated the largest eruption in Europe in at least 200 ka. Here we summarise the volcanic and human history of Campi Flegrei and discuss the interactions between humans and the environment within the “burning felds” from around 10,000 years until the 1538 CE Monte Nuovo eruption and more recent times. The region’s incredibly rich written history documents how the landscape changed both naturally and anthropogenically, with the volcanic system fuelling these considerable natural changes. Humans have exploited the beautiful landscape, accessible resources (e.g. volcanic ash for pulvis puteolana mortar) and natural thermal springs associated with the volcano for millennia, but they have also endured the downsides of living in a volcanically active region—earthquakes, signifcant ground deformation and landscape altering eruptions. The pre-historic record is detailed, and various archaeological sites indicate that the region was certainly occupied in the last 10,000 years. This history has been reconstructed by identifying archaeological fnds in sequences that often contain ash (tephra) layers from some of the numerous volcanic eruptions from Campi Flegrei and the other volcanoes in the region that were active at the time (Vesuvius and Ischia). These tephra layers provide both a relative and absolute chronology and allow the archaeology to be placed on a relatively precise timescale. The records testify that people have inhabited the area even when Campi Flegrei was particularly active.The archaeological sequences and outcrops of pyroclastic material preserve details about the eruption dynamics, buildings from Roman times, impressive craters that now host volcanic lakes and nature reserves, all of which make this region particularly mystic and fascinating, especially when we observe how society continues to live within the active caldera system. The volcanic activity and long record of occupation and use of volcanic resources in the region make it unique and here we outline key aspects of its geoheritage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Campania ; Campi Flegrei volcano ; History ; Human
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    The Volsci Volcanic Field (central Italy): eruptive history, magma system and implications on continental subduction processes (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: Here, we report on the Quaternary Volsci Volcanic Field (VVF, central Italy). In light of new 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data and compositional characterization of juvenile eruptive products, we refine the history of VVF activity, and outline the implications on the pre-eruptive magma system and the continental subduction processes involved. Different from the nearby volcanic districts of the Roman and Campanian Provinces, the VVF was characterized by small-volume (0.01–0.1 km3) eruptions from a network of monogenetic centers (mostly tuff rings and scoria cones, with subordinate lava occurrences), clustered along high-angle faults of lithospheric depth. Leucite-bearing, high-K (HKS) magmas (for which we report for the first time the phlogopite phenocryst compositions) mostly fed the early phase of activity (∼761–539 ka), then primitive, plagioclase-bearing (KS) magmas appeared during the climactic phase (∼424–349 ka), partially overlapping with HKS ones, and then prevailed during the late phase of activity (∼300–231 ka). The fast ascent of primitive magma batches is typical of a tectonically controlled volcanic field, where the very low magma flux is a passive byproduct of regional tectonic strain. We suggest that the dominant compressive stress field acting at depth was accompanied by an extensional regime in the upper crust, associated with the gravity spreading of the Apennine chain, allowing the fast ascent of magma from the mantle source with limited stationing in shallow reservoirs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 689–718
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Quaternary volcanism ; 40Ar/39Ar geochronology ; Tyrrhenian Sea margin ; Central Italy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Validation of a two-layer depth-averaged model by comparison with an experimental dilute stratified pyroclastic density current (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: Numerical results of a two-layer depth-averaged model of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) were compared with an experimental PDC generated at the international eruption simulator facility (the Pyroclastic flow Eruption Large-scale Experiment (PELE)) to establish a minimal dynamical model of PDCs with stratification of particle concentrations. In the present two-layer model, the stratification in PDCs is modeled as a voluminous suspended-load layer with low particle volume fractions ( ≲ 10−3) and a thin basal bed-load layer with higher particle volume fractions ( ∼ 10−2 ) on the basis of the source condition in the experiment. Numerical results for the suspended load quantitatively reproduce the time evolutions of the front position and flow thickness in the experimental PDC. The numerical results of the bed-load and deposit thicknesses depend on an assumed value of settling speed at the bottom of the bed load ( WsH ). We show that the thicknesses of bed load and deposit in the simulations agree well with the experimental data, when WsH is set to about 1.25 × 10−2 m/s. This value of the settling speed is two orders of magnitude smaller than that predicted by a hindered-settling model. The small value of WsH is considered to result from decreasing in the effective deposition speed due to the erosion process accompanied by saltating/rolling of particles at the bottom of the bed load.
    Description: Published
    Description: 73
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pyroclastic density current ; Two-layer model ; Experimental validation ; Pyroclastic surge ; Bed load ; Sedimentation process Introduction ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Active fault segments along the North Anatolian Fault system in the Sea of Marmara: implication for seismic hazard (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: A new analysis of high-resolution multibeam and seismic reflection data, collected during several oceanographic expeditions starting from 1999, allowed us to compile an updated morphotectonic map of the North Anatolian Fault below the Sea of Marmara. We reconstructed kinematics and geometries of individual fault segments, active at the time scale of 10 ka, an interval which includes several earthquake cycles, taking as stratigraphic marker the base of the latest marine transgression. Given the high deformation rates relative to sediment supply, most active tectonic structures have a morphological expression at the seafloor, even in presence of composite fault geometries and/or overprinting due to mass-wasting or turbidite deposits. In the frame of the right-lateral strike-slip domain characterizing the North Anatolian fault system, three types of deformation are observed: almost pure strike-slip faults, oriented mainly E–W; NE/SW-aligned axes of transpressive structures; NW/SE-oriented trans-tensional depressions. Fault segmentation occurs at different scales, but main segments develop alongthree major right-lateral oversteps, which delimit main fault branches, from east to west: (i) the transtensive Cinarcik segment; (ii) the Central (East and West) segments; and (iii) the westernmost Tekirdag segment. A quantitative morphometric analysis of the shallow deformation patterns observed by seafloor morphology maps and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles along the entire basin allowed to determine nature and cumulative lengths of individual fault segments. These data were used as inputs for empirical relationships, to estimate maximum expected Moment Magnitudes, obtaining values in the range of 6.8–7.4 for the Central, and 6.9–7.1 for the Cinarcik and Tekirdag segments, respectively. We discuss these findings considering analyses of historical catalogues and available paleoseismological studies for the Sea of Marmara regionto formulate reliable seismic hazard scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 29–44
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: North Anatolian fault · ; Sea of Marmara ; Earthquakes ; Active fault segments ; Marine geophysics ; Seismic hazard ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Eruption type probability and eruption source parameters at Cotopaxi and Guagua Pichincha volcanoes (Ecuador) with uncertainty quantification (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: Future occurrence of explosive eruptive activity at Cotopaxi and Guagua Pichincha volcanoes, Ecuador, is assessed probabilistically, utilizing expert elicitation. Eight eruption types were considered for each volcano. Type event probabilities were evaluated for the next eruption at each volcano and for at least one of each type within the next 100 years. For each type, we elicited relevant eruption source parameters (duration, average plume height, and total tephra mass). We investigated the robustness of these elicited evaluations by deriving probability uncertainties using three expert scoring methods. For Cotopaxi, we considered both rhyolitic and andesitic magmas. Elicitation findings indicate that the most probable next eruption type is an andesitic hydrovolcanic/ash-emission (~ 26–44% median probability), which has also the highest median probability of recurring over the next 100 years. However, for the next eruption at Cotopaxi, the average joint probabilities for sub-Plinian or Plinian type eruption is of order 30–40%—a significant chance of a violent explosive event. It is inferred that any Cotopaxi rhyolitic eruption could involve a longer duration and greater erupted mass than an andesitic event, likely producing a prolonged emergency. For Guagua Pichincha, future eruption types are expected to be andesitic/dacitic, and a vulcanian event is judged most probable for the next eruption (median probability ~40–55%); this type is expected to be most frequent over the next 100 years, too. However, there is a substantial probability (possibly 〉40% in average) that the next eruption could be sub-Plinian or Plinian, with all that implies for hazard levels.
    Description: Published
    Description: 35
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Assessing the biological reactivity of organic compounds on volcanic ash: implications for human health hazard (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-22
    Description: Exposure to volcanic ash is a long-standing health concern for people living near active volcanoes and in distal urban areas. During transport and deposition, ash is subjected to various physicochemical processes that may change its surface composition and, consequently, bioreactivity. One such process is the interaction with anthropogenic pollutants; however, the potential for adsorbed, deleterious organic compounds to directly impact human health is unknown. We use an in vitro bioanalytical approach to screen for the presence of organic compounds of toxicological concern on ash surfaces and assess their biological potency. These compounds include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzop- dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dlPCBs). Analysis of ash collected in or near urbanised areas at five active volcanoes across the world (Etna, Italy; Fuego, Guatemala; Kelud, Indonesia; Sakurajima, Japan; Tungurahua, Ecuador) using the bioassay inferred the presence of such compounds on all samples. A relatively low response to PCDD/Fs and the absence of a dlPCBs response in the bioassay suggest that the measured activity is dominated by PAHs and PAH-like compounds. This study is the first to demonstrate a biological potency of organic pollutants associated with volcanic ash particles. According to our estimations, they are present in quantities below recommended exposure limits and likely pose a low direct concern for human health.
    Description: Published
    Description: 30
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Beyond one-way determinism: San Frediano's miracle and climate change in Central and Northern Italy in late antiquity (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: Integrating palaeoclimatological proxies and historical records, which is necessary to achieve a more complete understanding of climate impacts on past societies, is a challenging task, often leading to unsatisfactory and even contradictory conclusions. This has until recently been the case for Italy, the heart of the Roman Empire, during the transition between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. In this paper, we present new high-resolution speleothem data from the Apuan Alps (Central Italy). The data document a period of very wet conditions in the sixth c. AD, probably related to synoptic atmospheric conditions similar to a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. For this century, there also exist a significant number of historical records of extreme hydroclimatic events, previously discarded as anecdotal. We show that this varied evidence reflects the increased frequency of floods and extreme rainfall events in Central and Northern Italy at the time. Moreover, we also show that these unusual hydroclimatic conditions overlapped with the increased presence of "water miracles" in Italian hagiographical accounts and social imagination. The miracles, performed by local Church leaders, strengthened the already growing authority of holy bishops and monks in Italian society during the crucial centuries that followed the "Fall of the Roman Empire". Thus, the combination of natural and historical data allows us to show the degree to which the impact of climate variability on historical societies is determined not by the nature of the climatic phenomena per se, but by the culture and the structure of the society that experienced it.
    Description: Published
    Description: 25
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Precipitation ; Roman Empire ; miracles ; Social feedbacks ; Cultural change ; climate change
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    Influence of permeability on the hydrothermal system at Vulcano Island (Italy): inferences from numerical simulations (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-09
    Description: Volcano-hydrothermal systems are governed by complex interactions between fluid transport, and geochemical and mechanical processes. Evidence of this close interplay has been testified by distinct spatial and temporal correlations in geochemical and geophysical observations at Vulcano Island (Italy). To understand the interaction between fluid circulation and the geochemical and geophysical manifestations, we perform a parametric study to explore different scenarios by implementing a hydro-geophysical model based on the equations for heat and mass transfer in a porous medium and thermo-poroelastic theory. Numerical simulations allow us to define the controlling role of permeability distribution on the different modeled parameters as well as on the geophysical observables. Changes in the permeability within the highly fractured crater area could be responsible for the fluctuations in gas emission and temperature recorded during the crisis periods, which are accompanied by shallow volcano-seismicity in the absence of significant deformation and gravity variations. Despite the general medium permeability of the volcanic edifice, the presence of more highly permeable pathways, which allow the gas to rapidly escape, as testified by the presence of a well-developed fumarolic field, prevents the pressure buildup at shallow depths.
    Description: Published
    Description: 179
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrothermal system ; Parametric simulation ; Vulcano Island ; Hydro-geophysical model
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    Lahar risk assessment from source identification to potential impact analysis: the case of Vulcano Island, Italy (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-09
    Description: Lahars are rapid flows composed of water and volcaniclastic sediments, which have the potential to impact residential buildings and critical infrastructure as well as to disrupt critical services, especially in the absence of hazard-based land-use planning. Their destructive power is mostly associated with their velocity (related to internal flow properties and topographic interactions) and to their ability to bury buildings and structures (due to deposit thickness). The distance reached by lahars depends on their volume, on sediments/water ratio, as well as on the geometrical properties of the topography where they propagate. Here we present the assessment of risk associated with lahar using Vulcano island (Italy) as a case study. First, we estimated an initial lahar source volume considering the remobilisation by intense rain events of the tephra fallout on the slopes of the La Fossa cone (the active system on the island), where the tephra fallout is associated with the most likely scenario (e.g. long-lasting Vulcanian cycle). Second, we modelled and identified the potential syn-eruptive lahar impact areas on the northern sector of Vulcano, where residential and touristic facilities are located. We tested a range of parameters (e.g., entrainment capability, consolidation of tephra fallout deposit, friction angle) that can influence lahar propagation output both in terms of intensity of the event and extent of the inundation area. Finally, exposure and vulnerability surveys were carried out in order to compile exposure and risk maps for lahar-flow front velocity (semi-quantitative indicator-based risk assessment) and final lahar-deposit thickness (qualitative exposure-based risk assessment). Main outcomes show that the syn-eruptive lahar scenario with medium entrainment capability produces the highest impact associated with building burial by the final lahar deposit. Nonetheless, the syn-eruptive lahar scenario with low entrainment capacity is associated with higher runout and results in the highest impact associated with lahar-flow velocities. Based on our simulations, two critical infrastructures (telecommunication and power plant), as well as the main road crossing the island are exposed to potential lahar impacts (either due to lahar-flow velocity or lahar-deposit thickness or both). These results show that a risk-based spatial planning of the island could represent a valuable strategy to reduce the volcanic risk in the long term.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
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    Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: Gender equality is a fundamental human right, embedded into the United Nations Charter (1945). Women still face multiple forms of discrimination, harassment and abuse. Gender equality is foundational to ensuring inclusive sustainable socio-economic development, peace and justice.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105-126
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: gender equality ; sustainable development goals ; geosciences ; geoethics ; women ; girls ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    Hydrogeoethics in sustainable water resources management facing water scarcity in Mediterranean and surrounding regions (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-13
    Description: Hydrogeoethics is an emergent transdisciplinary field in geosciences focused on ethical research and best practices related to responsible groundwater science and engineering, creating conditions for sustainable water resources management while respecting human needs and environmental dynamics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 289–292
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Hydrogeoethics ; Geoethics ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water scarcity ; Sustainability ; Mediterranea region ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
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    Groundwater of Sicily (Italy) Close to Landfill Sites: Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-10
    Description: Groundwater close to three municipal solid waste landfll sites in Sicily (southern Italy) was sampled to determine the presence of contaminants and the risk associated with its possible use as drinking and sanitary water. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and metals were investigated. These target compounds are the most common pollutants present in leachates. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS, US EPA) was used to assess human health risk. Ingestion, dermal, and total exposure to these xenobiotic contaminants in groundwater were evaluated, and the cancer and non-cancer risk indexes were calculated. The results revealed that, while the groundwater complied with Italian Drinking Water Directive 30/2001, it did not comply with the "good environmental state" criteria of Directive 30/2009 at two of the three sites investigated. Worrying results were revealed by the risk assessment at the investigated sites. Cancer and non-cancer risk indexes indicated a probable risk, mainly due to dermal exposure to groundwater. These results underline the importance of assessing the risk for all possible routes, evaluating not only ingestion but also dermal exposure, especially when organic pollutants are present. The results of this study show that human health risk has probably been underestimated in the past, as dermal exposure to organic pollutants has only rarely been evaluated in the literature.
    Description: Published
    Description: 535–550
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Human health risk ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Dioxin PCDD/Fs ; Toxic elements ; Environmental quality standard
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    A common source for the destructive earthquakes in the volcanic island of Ischia (Southern Italy): insights from historical and recent seismicity (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-25
    Description: The island of Ischia, located in the Gulf of Naples, represents an unusual case of resur- gent caldera where small-to-moderate magnitude volcano-tectonic earthquakes generate large damage and catastrophic e ects, as in the case of 4 March 1881 (Imax-VIII-IXMCS) and 28 July 1883 (Imax X-XI MCS) historical earthquakes, and of the recent 21 August 2017 MW=3.9, event. All these earthquakes struck the northern area of the island. With about 65,000 inhabitants, Ischia is a popular touristic destination for thermals baths, host- ing more than 3,000,000 visitors per year, thus representing a high seismic risk area. Assessing its seismic potential appears a fundamental goal and, to this end, the estimate of the magnitude of signi cant historical events and the characterization of their source are crucial. We report here a reassessment of historical data of damage of 1881 and 1883 earth- quakes to evaluate the main source parameters of these events (obtained with the BOXER and EXISM software) and quantitatively compare, for the rst time, the results with the source characteristics, obtained from instrumental data, of the recent 2017 earthquake. The results allowed us to assess the location, as well as the possible dimension and the related maximum magnitude, of the seismogenic structure responsible for such damaging earth- quakes. Our results also provide an additional framework to de ne the mechanisms leading to earthquakes associated with the dynamics of calderas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 177–201
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Stress-induced comenditic trachyte effusion triggered by trachybasalt intrusion: multidisciplinary study of the AD 1761 eruption at Terceira Island (Azores) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: The AD 1761 eruption on Terceira was the onlyhistorical subaerial event on the island and one of the lastrecorded in the Azores. The eruption occurred along the fis-sure zone that crosses the island and produced a trachybasaltlava flow and scoria cones. Small comenditic trachyte lava domes (known as Mistérios Negros) were also thought by some to have formed simultaneously on the eastern flank of Santa Bárbara Volcano. Following a multidisciplinary approach, we combined geological mapping, paleomagnetic, petrographic, mineral and whole-rock geochemical and structural analyses to study this eruption. The paleomagnetic dating method compared geomagnetic vectors (directions and intensities) recorded by both the AD 1761 lava flow and Mistérios Negros domes and revealed that the two events were indeed coeval. Based on new data and interpretation of historical records, we have accordingly reconstructed the AD 1761eruptive dynamics and distinguished three phases: (1) a pre-cursory phase characterized by decreased degassing in the fumarolic field of Pico Alto Volcano and a gradual increase of seismic activity, which marked the intrusion of trachybasalt magma; (2) a first eruptive phase that started with phreatic explosions on the eastern flank of Santa Bárbara Volcano, followed by the inconspicuous effusion of comenditic trachyte (66 wt% SiO2), forming a WNW-ESE-oriented chain of lava domes; and (3) a second eruptive phase on the central part ofthe fissure zone, where a Hawaiian to Strombolian-style erup-tion formed small scoria cones (E-W to ENE-WSW-oriented)and a trachybasalt lava flow (50 wt% SiO2) which buried 27houses in Biscoitos village. Petrological analyses show thatthe two batches of magma were emitted independently without evidence of interaction. We envisage that the dome-forming event was triggered by local stress changes induced by intrusion of the trachybasalt dyke along the fissure zone, which created tensile stress conditions that promoted ascent of comenditic trachyte magma stored beneath Santa Bárbara Volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 22
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Tracing groundwater circulation in a valuable mineral water basin with geochemical and isotopic tools: the case of FERRARELLE, Riardo basin, Southern Italy (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: The Riardo basin hosts groundwater exploited for the production of high quality, naturally sparkling, bottled water (e.g., Ferrarelle water), and circulating in a system constituted by highly fractured Mesozoic carbonates, overlain by more impervious volcanic rocks of the Roccamonfina complex. The two formations are locally in hydraulic connection and dislocated by deep-rooted faults. The study aimed at elucidating groundwater origin and circulation, using isotopic tracers (δ18O, δ2H, δ11B and 87Sr/86Sr) coupled to groundwater dating (Tritium, CFCs and SF6). Besides recharge by local precipitation over the Riardo hydrogeological basin, stable isotope ratios in water indicated an extra-basin recharge, likely from the elevated surrounding carbonate reliefs (e.g., Maggiore and Matese Mts.). The mineralization process, promoted by the deep CO2 flux, controls the B and Sr contents. However, their isotopic ratios did not allow discriminating between circulation in the volcanic and in the carbonate aquifers, as in the latter the isotopic composition differed from the original marine signature. Groundwater model ages ranged from ~ 30 years for the volcanic endmember to 〉 70 years for the deep, mineralized end-member, with longer circuits recharged at higher elevations. Overall, the results of this study were particularly relevant for mineral water exploitation. A recharge from outside the hydrogeological basin could be evidenced, especially for the more mineralized and valuable groundwater, and an active recent recharge was detected for the whole Riardo system. Both findings will contribute to the refinement of the hydrogeological model and water budget, and to a sustainable development of the resource.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1–28
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Aquifer recharge; Fractured aquifers; Groundwater dating; Hydrogeological circuits; Stable isotopes
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    Multi-model assessment of the late-winter extra-tropical response to El Niño and La Niña (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to affect the Northern Hemisphere tropospheric circulation in late-winter (January–March), but whether El Niño and La Niña lead to symmetric impacts and with the same underlying dynamics remains unclear, particularly in the North Atlantic. Three state-of-the-art atmospheric models forced by symmetric anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) patterns, mimicking strong ENSO events, are used to robustly diagnose symmetries and asymmetries in the extra-tropical ENSO response. Asymmetries arise in the sea-level pressure (SLP) response over the North Pacific and North Atlantic, as the response to La Niña tends to be weaker and shifted westward with respect to that of El Niño. The difference in amplitude can be traced back to the distinct energy available for the two ENSO phases associated with the non-linear diabatic heating response to the total SST field. The longitudinal shift is embedded into the large-scale Rossby wave train triggered from the tropical Pacific, as its anomalies in the upper troposphere show a similar westward displacement in La Niña compared to El Niño. To fully explain this shift, the response in tropical convection and the related anomalous upper-level divergence have to be considered together with the climatological vorticity gradient of the subtropical jet, i.e. diagnosing the tropical Rossby wave source. In the North Atlantic, the ENSO-forced SLP signal is a well-known dipole between middle and high latitudes, different from the North Atlantic Oscillation, whose asymmetry is not indicative of distinct mechanisms driving the teleconnection for El Niño and La Niña.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1965–1986
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Fe and As geochemical self-removal dynamics in mineral waters: evidence from the Ferrarelle groundwater system (Riardo Plain, Southern Italy) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: A theoretical pattern for Fe and As co-precipitation was tested directly in a groundwater natural system. Several monitoring wells were sampled to identify the different endmembers that govern the hydrodynamics of the Ferrarelle Groundwater System in the Riardo Plain (Southern Italy). In agreement with recent investigations, we found a mix of a deep and a shallow component in different proportions, resulting in a specific chemical composition of groundwater in each well depending on the percentages of each component. The shallow component was characterized by EC ~ 430 µS/cm, Eh ~ 300 mV, Fe ~ 0.06 µmol/L and As ~ 0.01-0.12 µmol/L, while the deep component was characterized by EC ~ 3400 µS/cm, Eh ~ 170 mV, Fe ~ 140 µmol/L and As ~ 0.59 µmol/L. A general attenuation of As and Fe concentration that was not due to a simple dilution effect was observed in the mixing process. The oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) produces solid precipitates which adsorb As from solution and then co-precipitate. The reactions pattern of Fe(II) oxidation and As adsorption gave a linear function between [As] and [Fe], where the angular coefficient depends on the [O2]/[H+] ratio. Chemical data obtained from our samples showed a very good agreement with this theoretical relationship. The investigated geochemical dynamics represented a natural process of attenuation of Fe and As, two undesirable elements that usually affect groundwater quality in volcanic aquifers in central-southern Italy, which are exploited to supply drinking water.
    Description: Published
    Description: pages 2065–2082
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fe and As hydrogeochemistry; Natural mineral water; Natural self-removal dynamics; Oxohydroxides adsorption; Water treatment
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    Geochemical characterisation of the thermo-mineral waters of Greece (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: Geothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by recent volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Many of them are found along the coast and thus, water is often saline due to marine intrusion. In the current study, we present about 300 unpublished and literature data from thermal and cold mineral waters collected along Greece. Samples were analysed for major ions, Li, SiO2 and isotopes in water. Measured temperatures range from 6.5 to 98°C, pH from 1.96 to 11.98, whilst Total Dissolved Solutes (TDS) from 0.22 to 51 g/L. Waters were subdivided into four main groups: i) thermal; ii) cold; iii) acidic (pH 〈5) and iv) hyperalkaline (pH 〉11). On statistical basis, the thermal waters were subdivided into subgroups according to both their temperature [warm (〈29 °C), hypothermal (29-48 °C), thermal (48-75 °C) and hyperthermal (〉75 °C)] and TDS [low salinity (〈4 g/L), brackish (4-30 g/L) and saline (〉30 g/L)]. Cold waters were subdivided basing on their pCO2 [low (〈0.05 atm), medium (0.05-0.85 atm) and high (〉0.85 atm)]. δ18O-H2O ranges from -12.7 to +2.7 ‰ vs. SMOW, while δ2H-H2O from -91 to +12 ‰ vs. SMOW being generally comprised between the Global Meteoric Water Line and the East Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line. Positive δ18O shifts with respect to the former are mostly related to mixing with seawater, while only for a few samples they point to high-temperature water-rock interaction processes. Only a few thermal waters gave reliable geothermometric estimates, suggesting reservoir temperatures between 80 and 260 °C.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2111–2133
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry ; Stable isotopes ; Carbon dioxide ; Geothermometry ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 03.04. Chemical and biological
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    Plastic formulation is an emerging control of its photochemical fate in the ocean (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Walsh, A. N., Reddy, C. M., Niles, S. F., McKenna, A. M., Hansel, C. M., & Ward, C. P. Plastic formulation is an emerging control of its photochemical fate in the ocean. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(18), (2021): 12383–12392, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02272.
    Description: Sunlight exposure is a control of long-term plastic fate in the environment that converts plastic into oxygenated products spanning the polymer, dissolved, and gas phases. However, our understanding of how plastic formulation influences the amount and composition of these photoproducts remains incomplete. Here, we characterized the initial formulations and resulting dissolved photoproducts of four single-use consumer polyethylene (PE) bags from major retailers and one pure PE film. Consumer PE bags contained 15–36% inorganic additives, primarily calcium carbonate (13–34%) and titanium dioxide (TiO2; 1–2%). Sunlight exposure consistently increased production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) relative to leaching in the dark (3- to 80-fold). All consumer PE bags produced more DOC during sunlight exposure than the pure PE (1.2- to 2.0-fold). The DOC leached after sunlight exposure increasingly reflected the 13C and 14C isotopic composition of the plastic. Ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed that sunlight exposure substantially increased the number of DOC formulas detected (1.1- to 50-fold). TiO2-containing bags photochemically degraded into the most compositionally similar DOC, with 68–94% of photoproduced formulas in common with at least one other TiO2-containing bag. Conversely, only 28% of photoproduced formulas from the pure PE were detected in photoproduced DOC from the consumer PE. Overall, these findings suggest that plastic formulation, especially TiO2, plays a determining role in the amount and composition of DOC generated by sunlight. Consequently, studies on pure, unweathered polymers may not accurately represent the fates and impacts of the plastics entering the ocean.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Seaver Institute, the Gerstner Family Foundation, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (A.N.W.). The Ion Cyclotron Resonance user facility at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry and Division of Materials Research through DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida.
    Keywords: Plastic pollution ; Marine debris ; Additives ; Dissolved organic carbon ; Photochemical oxidation ; FT-ICR-MS ; Titanium dioxide
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Toward a global reference database of COI barcodes for marine zooplankton (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bucklin, A., Peijnenburg, K. T. C. A., Kosobokova, K. N., O'Brien, T. D., Blanco-Bercial, L., Cornils, A., Falkenhaug, T., Hopcroft, R. R., Hosia, A., Laakmann, S., Li, C., Martell, L., Questel, J. M., Wall-Palmer, D., Wang, M., Wiebe, P. H., & Weydmann-Zwolicka, A. Toward a global reference database of COI barcodes for marine zooplankton. Marine Biology, 168(6), (2021): 78, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03887-y.
    Description: Characterization of species diversity of zooplankton is key to understanding, assessing, and predicting the function and future of pelagic ecosystems throughout the global ocean. The marine zooplankton assemblage, including only metazoans, is highly diverse and taxonomically complex, with an estimated ~28,000 species of 41 major taxonomic groups. This review provides a comprehensive summary of DNA sequences for the barcode region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) for identified specimens. The foundation of this summary is the MetaZooGene Barcode Atlas and Database (MZGdb), a new open-access data and metadata portal that is linked to NCBI GenBank and BOLD data repositories. The MZGdb provides enhanced quality control and tools for assembling COI reference sequence databases that are specific to selected taxonomic groups and/or ocean regions, with associated metadata (e.g., collection georeferencing, verification of species identification, molecular protocols), and tools for statistical analysis, mapping, and visualization. To date, over 150,000 COI sequences for ~ 5600 described species of marine metazoan plankton (including holo- and meroplankton) are available via the MZGdb portal. This review uses the MZGdb as a resource for summaries of COI barcode data and metadata for important taxonomic groups of marine zooplankton and selected regions, including the North Atlantic, Arctic, North Pacific, and Southern Oceans. The MZGdb is designed to provide a foundation for analysis of species diversity of marine zooplankton based on DNA barcoding and metabarcoding for assessment of marine ecosystems and rapid detection of the impacts of climate change.
    Description: Funding sources for authors of the review paper are described here: Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), and a grant to SCOR from the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-1840868). Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vidi Grant/Award Number: 016.161.351 to K.T.C.A.P. European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 746186 (POSEIDoN) to D.W.P. The work of K.N.K. was performed in the framework of the state assignment of IO RAS (Theme No. 0128-2021-0007) and partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research grants No. 18-05-60158 and No. 19-04-00955. The work of A.W.Z. was supported by a grant from HIDEA—Hidden diversity of the Arctic Ocean (No. 2017/27/B/NZ8/01056) from the National Science Centre, Poland, and a Fulbright Senior Award. The Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative of the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre provided funding for A.H. and L.M. (Project Nos. 70184233/HYPNO and 70184240/NORHYDRO), and for T.F. (Project Nos. 70184233/COPCLAD and 70184241/HYPCOP). The work of R.R.H. and J.M.Q. was supported by Census of Marine Life and NOAA Ocean Exploration and Research (NA05OAR4601079 and NA15OAR0110209). The work of S.L. was conducted at the Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB). HIFMB is a collaboration between the Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, and the Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, initially funded by the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony and the Volkswagen Foundation through the Niedersächsisches Vorab’ grant program (Grant No. ZN3285).
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    Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gosselin, K. M., Nelson, R. K., Spivak, A. C., Sylva, S. P., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Aeppli, C., Sharpless, C. M., O’Neil, G. W., Arrington, E. C., Reddy, C. M., & Valentine, D. L. Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum. ACS Omega, 6(35), (2021): 22803–22810, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03196.
    Description: The bloom-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium contribute up to 30% to the total fixed nitrogen in the global oceans and thereby drive substantial productivity. On an expedition in the Gulf of Mexico, we observed and sampled surface slicks, some of which included dense blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum. These bloom samples contained abundant and atypical free fatty acids, identified here as 2-methyldecanoic acid and 2-methyldodecanoic acid. The high abundance and unusual branching pattern of these compounds suggest that they may play a specific role in this globally important organism.
    Description: This work was funded with grants from the National Science Foundation grants OCE-1333148, OCE-1333162, and OCE-1756254 and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (IR&D). GCxGC analysis made possible by WHOI’s Investment in Science Fund.
    Keywords: Lipids ; Alkyls ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Chromatography
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  • 33
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    Urban pluvial flood adaptation: Results of a household survey across four German municipalities (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-30
    Description: In recent years, German cities were heavily impacted by pluvial flooding and related damage is projected to increase due to climate change and urbanisation. It is important to ask how to improve urban pluvial flood risk management. To understand the current state of property level adaptation, a survey was conducted in four municipalities that had recently been impacted by pluvial flooding. A hybrid framework based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Protection Action Decision Model (PADM) was used to investigate drivers of adaptive behaviour through both descriptive and regression analyses. Descriptive statistics revealed that participants tended to instal more low‐ and medium‐cost measures than high‐cost measures. Regression analyses showed that coping appraisal increased protection motivation, but that the adaptive behaviour also depends on framing factors, particularly homeownership. We further found that, while threat appraisal solely affects protection motivation and responsibility appraisal affects solely maladaptive thinking, coping appraisal affects both. Our results indicate that PMT is a solid starting point to study adaptive behaviours in the context of pluvial flooding, but we need to go beyond that by, for instance, considering factors of the PADM, such as responsibility, ownership, or respondent age, to fully understand this complex decision‐making process.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:551.489 ; ddc:363.34
    Language: English
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    Effects of climate change and industrialization on Lake Bolshoe Toko, eastern Siberia (2021)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Paleolimnology, Springer, 65(3), pp. 335-352, ISSN: 0921-2728
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-14
    Description: Industrialization in the Northern Hemisphere has led to warming and pollution of natural ecosystems. We used paleolimnological methods to explore whether recent climate change and/or pollution had affected a very remote lake ecosystem, i.e. one without nearby direct human influence. We compared sediment samples that date from before and after the onset of industrialization in the mid-nineteenth century, from four short cores taken at water depths between 12.1 and 68.3 m in Lake Bolshoe Toko, eastern Siberia. We analyzed diatom assemblage changes, including diversity estimates, in all four cores and geochemical changes (mercury, nitrogen, organic carbon) from one core taken at an intermediate water depth. Chronologies for two cores were established using 210Pb and 137Cs. Sedimentation rates were 0.018 and 0.033 cm year−1 at the shallow- and deep-water sites, respectively. We discovered an increase in light planktonic diatoms (Cyclotella) and a decrease in heavily silicified euplanktonic Aulacoseira through time at deep-water sites, related to more recent warmer air temperatures and shorter periods of lake-ice cover, which led to pronounced thermal stratification. Diatom beta diversity in shallow-water communities changed significantly because of the development of new habitats associated with macrophyte growth. Mercury concentrations increased by a factor of 1.6 since the mid-nineteenth century as a result of atmospheric fallout. Recent increases in the chrysophyte Mallomonas in all cores suggested an acidification trend. We conclude that even remote boreal lakes are susceptible to the effects of climate change and human-induced pollution.
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    Role of external inputs of nutrients to aquatic ecosystems in determining prevalence of nitrogen vs. phosphorus limitation of net primary productivity (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Howarth, R. W., Chan, F., Swaney, D. P., Marino, R. M., & Hayn, M. Role of external inputs of nutrients to aquatic ecosystems in determining prevalence of nitrogen vs. phosphorus limitation of net primary productivity. Biogeochemistry, (2021), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00765-z.
    Description: Whether net primary productivity in an aquatic ecosystem is limited by nitrogen (N), limited by phosphorus (P), or co-limited by N & P is determined by the relative supply of N and P to phytoplankton compared to their elemental requirements for primary production, often characterized by the “Redfield” ratio. The supply of these essential nutrients is affected by both external inputs and biogeochemical processes within the ecosystem. In this paper, we examine external sources of nutrients to aquatic systems and how the balance of N to P inputs influences nutrient limitation. For ocean subtropical gyres, a relatively balanced input of N and P relative to the Redfield ratio from deep ocean sources often leads to near co-limitation by N and P. For lakes, the external nutrient inputs come largely from watershed sources, and we demonstrate that on average the N:P ratio for these inputs across the United States is well above that needed by phytoplankton, which may contribute to P limitation in those lake that experience this average nutrient loading. Watershed inputs are also important for estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems, but ocean sources of nutrients are also significant contributors to overall nutrient loads. The ocean-nutrient sources of N and P are very often at or below the Redfield ratio of 16:1 molar, and can be substantially so, particularly in areas where the continental shelf is wide. This large input of coastal ocean nutrients with a low N:P ratio is one factor that may make N limitation more likely in many coastal marine ecosystems than in lakes.
    Description: Preparation of this manuscript was supported by a National Science Foundation Grant # 1654845 from the Long Term Research in Environmental Biology program, a grant from the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future at Cornell University, and by an endowment given to Cornell by David R. Atkinson to support a professorship held by RWH.
    Keywords: Nutrient limitation ; Nitrogen limitation ; Phosphorus limitation ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Estuaries ; Coastal marine ecosystems ; Redfield ratio ; NANI ; NAPI ; Nutrient stoichiometry
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  • 36
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    Review of the analysis of Th-234 in small volume (2-4 L) seawater samples: improvements and recommendations (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Clevenger, S. J., Benitez-Nelson, C. R., Drysdale, J., Pike, S., Puigcorbe, V., & Buesseler, K. O. Review of the analysis of Th-234 in small volume (2-4 L) seawater samples: improvements and recommendations. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 329(1), (2021): 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07772-2.
    Description: The short-lived radionuclide 234Th is widely used to study particle scavenging and transport from the upper ocean to deeper waters. This manuscript optimizes, reviews and validates the collection, processing and analyses of total 234Th in seawater and suggests areas of further improvements. The standard 234Th protocol method consists of scavenging 234Th from seawater via a MnO2 precipitate, beta counting, and using chemical recoveries determined by adding 230Th. The revised protocol decreases sample volumes to 2 L, shortens wait times between steps, and simplifies the chemical recovery process, expanding the ability to more rapidly and safely apply the 234Th method.
    Description: The authors would like to acknowledge support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) program awards 80NSSC17K0555; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s Ocean Twilight Zone study for KOB and SJC.
    Keywords: Thorium-234 analysis ; 234Th particle flux ; Biological carbon pump ; Particle scavenging
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    Quantification of amine- and alcohol-containing metabolites in saline samples using pre-extraction benzoyl chloride derivatization and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC MS/MS) (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Widner, B., Kido Soule, M. C., Ferrer-González, F. X., Moran, M. A., & Kujawinski, E. B. Quantification of amine- and alcohol-containing metabolites in saline samples using pre-extraction benzoyl chloride derivatization and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC MS/MS). Analytical Chemistry, 93(11), (2021): 4809-4817, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03769.
    Description: Dissolved metabolites serve as nutrition, energy, and chemical signals for microbial systems. However, the full scope and magnitude of these processes in marine systems are unknown, largely due to insufficient methods, including poor extraction of small, polar compounds using common solid-phase extraction resins. Here, we utilized pre-extraction derivatization and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to detect and quantify targeted dissolved metabolites in seawater and saline culture media. Metabolites were derivatized with benzoyl chloride by their primary and secondary amine and alcohol functionalities and quantified using stable isotope-labeled internal standards (SIL-ISs) produced from 13C6-labeled benzoyl chloride. We optimized derivatization, extraction, and sample preparation for field and culture samples and evaluated matrix-derived biases. We have optimized this quantitative method for 73 common metabolites, of which 50 cannot be quantified without derivatization due to low extraction efficiencies. Of the 73 metabolites, 66 were identified in either culture media or seawater and 45 of those were quantified. This derivatization method is sensitive (detection limits = pM to nM), rapid (∼5 min per sample), and high throughput.
    Description: Funding included the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Award GBMF5503 to M.A.M. and E.B.K.), Simons Foundation International (Award 409923 to E.B.K.), and the National Science Foundation (Award 1656311 to M.A.M.).
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  • 38
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    Watershed suspended sediment supply and potential impacts of dam removals for an estuary (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ralston, D. K., Yellen, B., & Woodruff, J. D. Watershed suspended sediment supply and potential impacts of dam removals for an estuary. Estuaries and Coasts, (2021), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00873-3.
    Description: Observations and modeling are used to assess potential impacts of sediment releases due to dam removals on the Hudson River estuary. Watershed sediment loads are calculated based on sediment-discharge rating curves for gauges covering 80% of the watershed area. The annual average sediment load to the estuary is 1.2 Mt, of which about 0.6 Mt comes from side tributaries. Sediment yield varies inversely with watershed area, with regional trends that are consistent with substrate erodibility. Geophysical and sedimentological surveys in seven subwatersheds of the Lower Hudson were conducted to estimate the mass and composition of sediment trapped behind dams. Impoundments were classified as (1) active sediment traps, (2) run-of-river sites not actively trapping sediment, and (3) dammed natural lakes and spring-fed ponds. Based on this categorization and impoundment attributes from a dam inventory database, the total mass of impounded sediment in the Lower Hudson watershed is estimated as 4.9 ± 1.9 Mt. This represents about 4 years of annual watershed supply, which is small compared with some individual dam removals and is not practically available given current dam removal rates. More than half of dams impound drainage areas less than 1 km2, and play little role in downstream sediment supply. In modeling of a simulated dam removal, suspended sediment in the estuary increases modestly near the source during discharge events, but otherwise effects on suspended sediment are minimal. Fine-grained sediment deposits broadly along the estuary and coarser sediment deposits near the source, with transport distance inversely related to settling velocity.
    Description: This work was sponsored by the National Estuarine Research Reserve System Science Collaborative, which is funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and managed by the University of Michigan Water Center (NAI4NOS4190145). Additional support for participating graduate and undergraduates was provided by the Northeast Climate and Adaptation Center and the Hudson River Fund. Additional support for DKR was provided by the Hudson River Foundation (Grant No. 003/19A). Data from sediment cores that were collected in association with this manuscript are archived here: https://doi.org/10.7275/dh3v-0x33.
    Keywords: Dam removal ; Suspended sediment ; Watershed sediment yield ; Sediment supply ; Sediment trapping
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  • 39
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    Flow-through quantification of microplastics using impedance spectroscopy (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-21
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Colson, B. C., & Michel, A. P. M. Flow-through quantification of microplastics using impedance spectroscopy. ACS Sensors, 6(1), (2021): 238–244, doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c02223.
    Description: Understanding the sources, impacts, and fate of microplastics in the environment is critical for assessing the potential risks of these anthropogenic particles. However, our ability to quantify and identify microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is limited by the lack of rapid techniques that do not require visual sorting or preprocessing. Here, we demonstrate the use of impedance spectroscopy for high-throughput flow-through microplastic quantification, with the goal of rapid measurement of microplastic concentration and size. Impedance spectroscopy characterizes the electrical properties of individual particles directly in the flow of water, allowing for simultaneous sizing and material identification. To demonstrate the technique, spike and recovery experiments were conducted in tap water with 212–1000 μm polyethylene beads in six size ranges and a variety of similarly sized biological materials. Microplastics were reliably detected, sized, and differentiated from biological materials via their electrical properties at an average flow rate of 103 ± 8 mL/min. The recovery rate was ≥90% for microplastics in the 300–1000 μm size range, and the false positive rate for the misidentification of the biological material as plastic was 1%. Impedance spectroscopy allowed for the identification of microplastics directly in water without visual sorting or filtration, demonstrating its use for flow-through sensing.
    Description: The authors thank the Richard Saltonstall Charitable Foundation and the National Academies Keck Futures Initiative (NAKFI DBS13) for their funding support.
    Keywords: Microplastics ; Plastics ; Impedance spectroscopy ; Dielectric properties ; Instrumentation ; Particle detection ; Flow-through ; Environmental sensing
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  • 40
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    Opportunities for an African greenhouse gas observation system (2021)
    Springer
    In:  Regional Environmental Change, 21 (4). Art.Nr. 104.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-19
    Description: Global population projections foresee the biggest increase to occur in Africa with most of the available uncultivated land to ensure food security remaining on the continent. Simultaneously, greenhouse gas emissions are expected to rise due to ongoing land use change, industrialisation, and transport amongst other reasons with Africa becoming a major emitter of greenhouse gases globally. However, distinct knowledge on greenhouse gas emissions sources and sinks as well as their variability remains largely unknown caused by its vast size and diversity and an according lack of observations across the continent. Thus, an environmental research infrastructure—as being setup in other regions—is more needed than ever. Here, we present the results of a design study that developed a blueprint for establishing such an environmental research infrastructure in Africa. The blueprint comprises an inventory of already existing observations, the spatial disaggregation of locations that will enable to reduce the uncertainty in climate forcing’s in Africa and globally as well as an overall estimated cost for such an endeavour of about 550 M€ over the next 30 years. We further highlight the importance of the development of an e-infrastructure, the necessity for capacity development and the inclusion of all stakeholders to ensure African ownership.
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  • 41
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    Differences in Leaf Chemistry and Glandular Trichome Density between Wild Southwestern American Hop ( Humulus neomexicanus ) and Commercial Hop Cultivars (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 69 (27). pp. 7798-7814.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The female flowers (“cones”) of the hop plant (Humulus L.) produce compounds that contribute to the flavor and other properties of beer. Hop leaves and cones produce many of the same compounds, which also confer agronomic traits such as insect and disease resistance. Targeted and untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry with Waters MSE technology (UPLC-QTof-MSE) metabolomics were used to compare leaf phytochemical compositions of greenhouse-grown southwestern American wild Humulus neomexicanus (A. Nelson and Cockerell) Rydb. against a group of commercial hop cultivars consisting of both pure European Humulus lupulus L. and European–North American hybrids. Principal component analysis showed a clear distinction in chemical profiles between the two groups. H. neomexicanus leaves had a significantly higher content of total α acids (p = 4.4 × 10–9), total bitter acids (p = 2.6 × 10–6), cohumulone (p = 1.0 × 10–13), humulone + adhumulone (p = 9.1 × 10–4), and the prenylflavonoids xanthohumol (p = 0.013) and desmethylxanthohumol (p = 0.029) as well as significantly higher densities of glandular trichomes (p = 1.3 × 10–6), the biosynthetic site of those compounds. Most flavonol glycosides measured were also significantly more abundant in H. neomexicanus (p = 1.5 × 10–22 to 0.0027), whereas phenolic acids were consistently, but generally nonsignificantly (p 〉 0.05), more abundant in the cultivars. The higher bitter acid, prenylflavonoid, and flavonol glycoside content of H. neomexicanus leaves may help to confer more favorable insect and disease-resistance properties.
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  • 42
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    Iron Acquisition Systems of Gram-negative Bacterial Pathogens Define TonB-Dependent Pathways to Novel Antibiotics (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Chemical Reviews, 121 (9). pp. 5193-5239.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Iron is an indispensable metabolic cofactor in both pro- and eukaryotes, which engenders a natural competition for the metal between bacterial pathogens and their human or animal hosts. Bacteria secrete siderophores that extract Fe3+ from tissues, fluids, cells, and proteins; the ligand gated porins of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane actively acquire the resulting ferric siderophores, as well as other iron-containing molecules like heme. Conversely, eukaryotic hosts combat bacterial iron scavenging by sequestering Fe3+ in binding proteins and ferritin. The variety of iron uptake systems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens illustrates a range of chemical and biochemical mechanisms that facilitate microbial pathogenesis. This document attempts to summarize and understand these processes, to guide discovery of immunological or chemical interventions that may thwart infectious disease.
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  • 43
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    Synthase-Selective Exploration of a Tunicate Microbiome by Activity-Guided Single-Cell Genomics (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  ACS Chemical Biology .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: While thousands of environmental metagenomes have been mined for the presence of novel biosynthetic gene clusters, such computational predictions do not provide evidence of their in vivo biosynthetic functionality. Using fluorescent in situ enzyme assay targeting carrier proteins common to polyketide (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), we applied fluorescence-activated cell sorting to tunicate microbiome to enrich for microbes with active secondary metabolic capabilities. Single-cell genomics uncovered the genetic basis for a wide biosynthetic diversity in the enzyme-active cells and revealed a member of marine Oceanospirillales harboring a novel NRPS gene cluster with high similarity to phylogenetically distant marine and terrestrial bacteria. Interestingly, this synthase belongs to a larger class of siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters commonly associated with pestilence and disease. This demonstrates activity-guided single-cell genomics as a tool to guide novel biosynthetic discovery.
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  • 44
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    Sustainable Land Management in a European Context (2021)
    Springer
    In:  Human-Environment Interactions
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 45
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    Eduard Suess: the first honorary president of the Geologische Vereinigung, is 190 years old (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-26
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    Gashydrate – Eine Einführung in Grundlagenforschung und Anwendung (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-18
    Description: Gashydrate, auch „brennendes Eis“ genannt, sind faszinierende, eisähnliche Feststoffe, die aus Wasser- und Gasmolekülen aufgebaut sind und weltweit an allen aktiven und passiven Kontinentalhängen und in Permafrostgebieten vorkommen. Doch ihr unauffälliges Erscheinungsbild täuscht: Die Einschlussverbindungen können beachtliche Mengen Methangas enthalten. Daher besteht einerseits die Hoffnung auf einen möglichen neuen Energieträger und andererseits die Sorge um eine nicht zu unterschätzende Quelle an klimaschädlichem Methangas. Gashydrate, hat die neueste Forschung gezeigt, bieten zudem in vielen Bereichen industrieller Anwendung eine durchaus vielversprechende Alternative zu konventionellen Verfahren. Das vorliegende Buch gibt eine Einführung in die physikalisch-chemischen Grundlagen der Hydratbildung und die Strukturen der Gashydratphasen. Basierend auf diesem grundlegenden Verständnis erklärt es die natürlichen Gashydratvorkommen und zeichnet mögliche Methoden des Abbaus und der Gewinnung von Methangas auf. Es beleuchtet Risiken, die von den Gashydratvorkommen in der Natur ausgehen könnten, und führt in die Möglichkeiten der Nutzung dieser Einschlussverbindungen in verschiedenen industriellen Anwendungsbereichen wie z.B. der Aufbereitung von Abwässern oder der Speicherung von Gasen ein. Zielgruppe dieser kompakten Einführung in die verschiedenen Aspekte der Gashydratforschung sind Studierende der Chemie und Geowissenschaften, Ingenieure, Techniker oder auch Wissenschaftler.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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    Summer sea ice concentration changes in the Weddell Sea and their causes (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Research School, SpringerBriefs in Earth System Science, Heidelberg, Springer, 138 p., pp. 42-45, ISBN: ISBN 978-3-642-32234
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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    Tolerance of Hyas araneus zoea I larvae to elevated seawater PCO2 despite elevated metabolic costs (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biology, Springer, 160(8), pp. 1943-1953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-16
    Description: Early life stages of marine crustaceans respond sensitively to elevated seawater PCO2. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms have not been studied well. We therefore investigated the effects of elevated seawater PCO2 on oxygen consumption, dry weight, elemental composition, median developmental time (MDT) and mortality in zoea I larvae of the spider crab Hyas araneus (Svalbard 79°N/11°E; collection, May 2009; hatch, December 2009). At the time of moulting, oxygen consumption rate had reached a steady state level under control conditions. In contrast, elevated seawater PCO2 caused the metabolic rate to rise continuously leading to a maximum 1.5-fold increase beyond control level a few days before moulting into the second stage (zoea II), followed by a pronounced decrease. Dry weight of larvae reared under high CO2 conditions was lower than in control larvae at the beginning of the moult cycle, yet this difference had disappeared at the time of moulting. MDT of zoea I varied between 45 ± 1 days under control conditions and 42 ± 2 days under the highest seawater CO2 concentration. The present study indicates that larval development under elevated seawater PCO2 levels results in higher metabolic costs during premoulting events in zoea I. However, H. araneus zoea I larvae seem to be able to compensate for higher metabolic costs as larval MDT and survival was not affected by elevated PCO2 levels.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Microzonation of Potenza (Southern Italy) in terms of spectral intensity ratio using joint analysis of earthquakes and ambient noise. (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A temporary seismic network composed of 11 stations was installed in the city of Potenza (Southern Italy) to record local and regional seismicity within the context of a national project funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC). Some stations were moved after a certain time in order to increase the number of measurement points, leading to a total of 14 sites within the city by the end of the experiment. Recordings from 26 local earthquakes (Ml 2.2−3.8 ) were analyzed to compute the site responses at the 14 sites by applying both reference and non-reference site techniques. Furthermore, the Spectral Intensity (SI) for each local earthquake, as well as their ratios with respect to the values obtained at a reference site, were also calculated. In addition, a field survey of 233 single station noise measurements within the city was carried out to increase the information available at localities different from the 14 monitoring sites. By using the results of the correlation analysis between the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios computed from noise recordings (NHV) at the 14 selected sites and those derived by the single station noise measurements within the town as a proxy, the spectral intensity correction factors for site amplification obtained from earthquake analysis were extended to the entire city area. This procedure allowed us to provide a microzonation map of the urban area that can be directly used when calculating risk scenarios for civil defence purposes. The amplification factors estimated following this approach show values increasing along the main valley toward east where the detrital and alluvial complexes reach their maximum thickness.
    Description: Published
    Description: 493-516
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: site effect ; seismic noise ; spectral intensity ; correlation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    4D Monitoring of Active Landslides by Multi-Temporal Airborne LiDAR Data (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present results of a multi-temporal analysis of airborne LiDAR data collected between 2006 and 2010 on the 3 km long active Montaguto landslide (Italy). Digital Terrain Models are constructed from data acquired on May 2006, July 2009, April 2010 and June 2010. The spatial distribution of selected morphometric parameters and the statistical analysis of the temporal variations of such parameters allow us to reconstruct the evolution of the landslide. We recognize zones of uplift and subsidence, estimate the volumes of removed or accumulated material, and determine the average rate of vertical and horizontal displacement. We also map the deformations structures and provide new insights on the sliding mechanisms. Zones in which the topographic features change due to handling/removal work are also analyzed. The approach proposed here provides new insight on the use of airborne LiDAR in the surveillance strategies of landslides and other gravity-controlled processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 147-151
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 5.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: LiDAR ; Multi-temporal analysis ; Gravity processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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    Curie isotherm depth from aeromagnetic data constraining shallow heat source depths in the central Aeolian Ridge (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The Salina, Lipari, and Vulcano volcanic ridge and the surrounding sea sectors (Aeolian Archipelago, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) are characterized by vents responsible for a recent (〈40 ka—1889/1890 AD) effusive and explosive subareal activity and repeated, 56 to 7 ka in age, submarine explosive eruptions from source areas located between Lipari and Vulcano. A spectral depth estimation of the magnetic bottom using a fractal method on aeromagnetic data from Vulcano, Lipari, and Salina volcanic ridge allows us to constrain the Curie isotherm depth. The elevated portion of the isotherm is between 2 and 3 km below Salina and Vulcano and about 1 km below Lipari. The Curie depth results in the context of other geological and geophysical evidence suggest that the rise of the Curie isotherm is mainly due to the occurrence of shallow heat sources such as magma ponds and associated hydrothermal systems. The short-wavelength magnetic anomaly field reflects magnetic contrasts from highly magnetized volcanic bodies, low-magnetization sediments, and hydrothermally altered rocks. Borehole temperature data verify the Curie temperature derived from the magnetic methods on the island of Vulcano.We conclude that the whole Vulcano, Lipari, and Salina volcanic ridge is active and should be monitored.
    Description: INGV
    Description: Published
    Description: article 710
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 5.4. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Magnetic spectral depths ; Curie temperature ; volcanism ; Aeolian Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Climatic Change, Springer, 119(2), pp. 359-374, ISSN: 0165-0009
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-10
    Description: Approximately 1700 Pg of soil carbon (C) are stored in the northern circumpolar permafrost zone, more than twice as much C than in the atmosphere. The overall amount, rate, and form of C released to the atmosphere in a warmer world will influence the strength of the permafrost C feedback to climate change. We used a survey to quantify variability in the perception of the vulnerability of permafrost C to climate change. Experts were asked to provide quantitative estimates of permafrost change in response to four scenarios of warming. For the highest warming scenario (RCP 8.5), experts hypothesized that C release from permafrost zone soils could be 19–45 Pg C by 2040, 162–288 Pg C by 2100, and 381–616 Pg C by 2300 in CO2 equivalent using 100-year CH4 global warming potential (GWP). These values become 50 % larger using 20-year CH4 GWP, with a third to a half of expected climate forcing coming from CH4 even though CH4 was only 2.3 % of the expected C release. Experts projected that two-thirds of this release could be avoided under the lowest warming scenario (RCP 2.6). These results highlight the potential risk from permafrost thaw and serve to frame a hypothesis about the magnitude of this feedback to climate change. However, the level of emissions proposed here are unlikely to overshadow the impact of fossil fuel burning, which will continue to be the main source of C emissions and climate forcing.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    The microbiome of North Sea copepods (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Helgoland Marine Research, Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Copepods can be associated with different kinds and different numbers of bacteria. This was already shown in the past with culture-dependent microbial methods or microscopy and more recently by using molecular tools. In our present study, we investigated the bacterial community of four frequently occurring copepod species, Acartia sp., Temora longicornis, Centropages sp. and Calanus helgolandicus from Helgoland Roads (North Sea) over a period of two years using DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and subsequent sequencing of 16S-rDNA fragments. To complement the PCR-DGGE analyses, clone libraries of copepod samples from June 2007 and 208 were generated. Based on the DGGE banding patterns of the two years survey, we found no significant differences between the communities of distinct copepod species, nor did we find any seasonality. Overall, we identified 67 phylotypes (〉 97% similarity) falling into the bacterial phyla of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The most abundant phylotypes were affiliated to the Alphaproteobacteria. In comparison of PCR-DGGE and clone libraries, phylotypes of the Gammaproteobacteria dominated the clone libraries, whereas Alphaproteobacteria were most abundant in the PCR-DGGE analyses
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Meere und Küsten: Klimawandel und Biodiversität (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Biodiversität und Klimawandel: Auswirkungen und Handlungsoptionen für den Naturschutz in Mitteleuropa, Springer, pp. 217-222, ISSN: ISBN 978-3-642-29691-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Nonlinear sediment thickness increase at the western East Pacific Rise flank, 45° S (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Geo-Marine Letters, Springer, 33(5), pp. 381-390, ISSN: 1432-1157
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Sediment thickness was evaluated on the western flank of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 45°S, based on high-resolution seismic data gathered during cruise 213/2 of R/V Sonne in 2011. Two zones with distinctly different sediment thickness were identified, separated by a transitional zone bordering a pseudo-fault. Sediment in the more distal zone 2 is almost twice as thick (~120 m) as in zone 1 close to the EPR. This is in contrast to the expected sedimentary column thickening with seafloor age and distance from the spreading axis. The younger of two seismic units detected within the sedimentary column (EPR-2) occurs mainly in the distal zone on crust older than 9 Ma, whereas on younger crust it is present only in small isolated bodies. Both sedimentary units drape the basement. The drape is interpreted to represent particle settling from suspension and a generally low regional primary productivity. The spatial variation in sediment thickness cannot be explained by existing models, and other processes considered in the present case are (1) higher productivity in the western sector of the survey area, where thicker sediments were observed (zone 2), (2) the formation of sediment drifts near basement highs (‘seamount effect’), due to flow of Lower Circumpolar Deep Water affecting sediment deposition, and (3) erosion and/or non-deposition of the younger EPR-2 unit, due to elevated bed shear stresses associated with eddies transferring kinetic energy to the seafloor
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    The Last Interglacial as Simulated by an Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model: Sensitivity Studies on the Influence of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Research School, Heidelbert, Springer, 138 p., pp. 57-64, ISBN: ISBN 978-3-642-32234
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Simulated Caribbean Climate Variability During the Mid-Holocene (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Research School, Heidelberg, Springer, 138 p., pp. 64-69, ISBN: ISBN 978-3-642-32234
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Ocean Adjustment to High-Latitude Density Perturbations (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Research School, Heidelberg, Springer, 138 p., pp. 74-79, ISBN: ISBN 978-3-642-32234
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Spatial and seasonal variability of polygonal tundra water balance: Lena River Delta, northern Siberia (Russia) (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Hydrogeology Journal, Springer, ISSN: 1431-2174
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-19
    Description: The summer water balance of a typical Siberian polygonal tundra catchment is investigated in order to identify the spatial and temporal dynamics of its main hydrological processes. The results show that, besides precipitation and evapotranspiration, lateral flow considerably influences the site-specific hydrological conditions. The prominent microtopography of the polygonal tundra strongly controls lateral flow and storage behaviour of the investigated catchment. Intact rims of low-centred polygons build hydrological barriers, which release storage water later in summer than polygons with degraded rims and troughs above degraded ice wedges. The barrier function of rims is strongly controlled by soil thaw, which opens new subsurface flow paths and increases subsurface hydrological connectivity. Therefore, soil thaw dynamics determine the magnitude and timing of subsurface outflow and the redistribution of storage within the catchment. Hydraulic conductivities in the elevated polygonal rims sharply decrease with the transition from organic to mineral layers. This interface causes a rapid shallow subsurface drainage of rainwater towards the depressed polygon centres and troughs. The re-release of storage water from the centres through deeper and less conductive layers helps maintain a high water table in the surface drainage network of troughs throughout the summer.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Regime shifts in the marine environments: How do they affect ecosystem services? (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3The Mediterranean Sea: Its history and present challenges, The Mediterranean Sea: Its hisory and present challenges, Springer, pp. 499-504
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Oceanic d18O Variation and its Relation to Salinity in the MPI-OM Ocean Model (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Research School, Heidelberg, Springer, 138 p., pp. 70-74, ISBN: ISBN 978-3-642-32234
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Multiscale modeling of coastal, shelf, and global ocean dynamics (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Dynamics, Springer, 63(11-12), pp. 1341-1344, ISSN: 1616-7341
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: In contemporary ocean science, modeling systems that integrate understanding of complex multiscale phenomena and utilize efficient numerics are paramount. Many of today's fundamental ocean science questions involve multiple scales and multiple dynamics. A new generation of modeling systems would allow to study such questions quantitatively by being less restrictive dynamically and more efficient numerically than more traditional systems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Adaptations to semi-terrestrial life in embryos of East African mangrove crabs: a comparative approach (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biology, Springer, 160(9), pp. 2483-2492, ISSN: 0025-3162
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: In this experimental study, we compared the embryonic respiration rate in air and water of six East African sesarmid species with intertidal, supratidal and arboreal habits, to highlight possible adaptations in embryonic metabolism to their different lifestyles. The embryos of all analysed crabs showed bimodal respiration, but we did not find a trend towards an enhanced embryonic oxygen uptake in air from the intertidal to the arboreal and supratidal species. However, the late-stage embryos of the most land-adapted species, Chiromantes spp., showed an enhanced metabolism when immersed in sea water that we interpreted as an adaptive recovery mechanism to cope with the storage of by-products due to marine-based metabolic pathways during long emersion periods. Thus, we showed that the embryos of land-adapted species, although still strongly water dependent, are well adapted to semi-terrestrial habitats and represent a minor limiting factor for females, which are not restricted in their emersion period by the oxygen requirements of their embryos.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Acclimation to UV radiation and antioxidative defence in the endemic Antarctic brown macroalga Desmarestia anceps along a depth gradient (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Polar Biology, Springer, 36(12), pp. 1779-1789, ISSN: 0722-4060
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-05
    Description: The endemic Antarctic brown macroalga Desmarestia anceps colonizes the subtidal between 5 and 30 m in Potter Cove on King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Experiments were conducted to study photosynthetic activities, antioxidative enzymes and UV tolerance of field-grown individuals with respect to the light histories along different subtidal positions. Individuals collected from the upper (5.5 m) and mid-subtidal (9.0 m) are characterized by high maximum electron transport rates (ETRmax) measured by PAM-fluorometry and high activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) supported by considerable activities of glutathione reductase. Individuals of this species from the upper subtidal are able to tolerate high irradiances of UV-B radiation because its photosynthetic apparatus is putatively well protected by phlorotannins. In contrast, individuals from lower subtidal positions (13.5 and 15.5 m) showed an opposite trend: lower ETRmax and SOD activities as well as a lower UV tolerance of photosynthesis. Moreover, a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native PAGE) of a partially purified crude extract reveals that D. anceps has probably six isoforms of SOD. These intra-specific patterns imply a high phenotypical plasticity of D. anceps with respect to its photosynthesis and photoprotective mechanisms. Overall, photosynthesis, UV tolerance and antioxidative potential are highly regulated in D. anceps corresponding to the respective light regimes along its natural growth sites.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Controls of benthic nitrogen fixation and primary production from nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic, Arctic lakes (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ecosystems 16 (2013): 1550-1564, doi:10.1007/s10021-013-9701-0.
    Description: We examined controls of benthic dinitrogen (N2) fixation and primary production in oligotrophic lakes in Arctic Alaska, Toolik Field Station (Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research Site). Primary production in many oligotrophic lakes is limited by nitrogen (N), and benthic processes are important for whole-lake function. Oligotrophic lakes are increasingly susceptible to low-level, non-point source nutrient inputs, yet the effects on benthic processes are not well understood. This study examines the results from a whole-lake fertilization experiment in which N and P were added at a relatively low level (4 times natural loading) in Redfield ratio to a shallow (3 m) and a deep (20 m) oligotrophic lake. The two lakes showed similar responses to fertilization: benthic primary production and respiration (each 50–150 mg C m−2 day−1) remained the same, and benthic N2 fixation declined by a factor of three- to fourfold by the second year of treatment (from ~0.35 to 0.1 mg N m−2 day−1). This showed that the response of benthic N2 fixation was de-coupled from the nutrient limitation status of benthic primary producers and raised questions about the mechanisms, which were examined in separate laboratory experiments. Bioassay experiments in intact cores also showed no response of benthic primary production to added N and P, but contrasted with the whole-lake experiment in that N2 fixation did not respond to added N, either alone or in conjunction with P. This inconsistency was likely a result of nitrogenase activity of existing N2 fixers during the relative short duration (9 days) of the bioassay experiment. N2 fixation showed a positive saturating response when light was increased in the laboratory, but was not statistically related to ambient light level in the field, leading us to conclude that light limitation of the benthos from increasing water-column production was not important. Thus, increased N availability in the sediments through direct uptake likely caused a reduction in N2 fixation. These results show the capacity of the benthos in oligotrophic systems to buffer the whole-system response to nutrient addition by the apparent ability for significant nutrient uptake and the rapid decline in N2 fixation in response to added nutrients. Reduced benthic N2 fixation may be an early indicator of a eutrophication response of lakes which precedes the transition from benthic to water-column-dominated systems.
    Description: This project was supported by NSF-OPP 9732281, NSF-DEB 9810222, NSF-DEB 0423385, and by a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant NSF-DEB 0206173. Additional funding was provided by the Small Grants Program through the NSF-IGERT Program in Biogeochemistry and Environmental Change at Cornell University.
    Keywords: Benthic ; Nitrogen fixation ; Primary production ; Oligotrophic ; Arctic ; Toolik
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Intentional versus unintentional nitrogen use in the United States : trends, efficiency and implications (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeochemistry 114 (2013): 11-23, doi:10.1007/s10533-012-9801-5.
    Description: Human actions have both intentionally and unintentionally altered the global economy of nitrogen (N), with both positive and negative consequences for human health and welfare, the environment and climate change. Here we examine long-term trends in reactive N (Nr) creation and efficiencies of Nr use within the continental US. We estimate that human actions in the US have increased Nr inputs by at least ~5 times compared to pre-industrial conditions. Whereas N2 fixation as a by-product of fossil fuel combustion accounted for ~1/4 of Nr inputs from the 1970s to 2000 (or ~7 Tg N year−1), this value has dropped substantially since then (to 〈5 Tg N year−1), owing to Clean Air Act amendments. As of 2007, national N use efficiency (NUE) of all combined N inputs was equal to ~40 %. This value increases to 55 % when considering intentional N inputs alone, with food, industrial goods, fuel and fiber production accounting for the largest Nr sinks, respectively. We estimate that 66 % of the N lost during the production of goods and services enters the air (as NO x , NH3, N2O and N2), with the remaining 34 % lost to various waterways. These Nr losses contribute to smog formation, acid rain, eutrophication, biodiversity declines and climate change. Hence we argue that an improved national NUE would: (i) benefit the US economy on the production side; (ii) reduce social damage costs; and (iii) help avoid some major climate change risks in the future.
    Description: This work resulted from a workshop supported by NSF Research Coordination Network Awards DEB-0443439 and DEB-1049744 and by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation.
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    Characterization of new microsatellite loci for population genetic studies in the Smooth Cauliflower Coral (Stylophora sp.) (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Conservation Genetics Resources 5 (2013): 561-563, doi:10.1007/s12686-012-9852-x.
    Description: A total of one hundred microsatellites loci were selected from the draft genome of Stylophora pistillata and evaluated in previously characterized samples of Stylophora cf pistillata from the Red Sea. 17 loci were amplified successfully and tested in 24 individuals from samples belonging to a single population from the central region of the Red Sea. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 15 alleles per locus, while observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.292 to 0.95. Six of these loci showed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectations, and 4/136 paired loci comparisons suggested linkage disequilibrium after Bonferroni corrections. After excluding loci with significant HWE deviation and evidence of null alleles, average genetic diversity over loci in the population studied (N = 24, Nloci = 11) was 0.701 ± 0.380. This indicates that these loci can be used effectively to evaluate genetic diversity and undertake population genetics studies in Stylophora sp. populations.
    Description: This research was funded by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia.
    Keywords: Stylophora ; Tetra and dinucleotide microsatellites ; Red Sea ; Coral
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Deforestation of watersheds of Panama : nutrient retention and export to streams (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeochemistry 115 (2013): 299-315, doi:10.1007/s10533-013-9836-2.
    Description: A series of eight watersheds on the Pacific coast of Panama where conversion of mature lowland wet forest to pastures by artisanal burning provided watershed-scale experimental units with a wide range of forest cover (23, 29, 47, 56, 66, 73, 73, 91, and 92%). We used these watersheds as a landscape-scale experiment to assess effects of degree of deforestation on within-watershed retention and hydrological export of atmospheric inputs of nutrients. Retention was estimated by comparing rainfall nutrient concentrations (volume-weighted to allow for evapotranspiration) to concentrations in freshwater reaches of receiving streams. Retention of rain-derived nutrients in these Panama watersheds averaged 77, 85, 80, and 62% for nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic N, and phosphate, respectively. Retention of rain-derived inorganic nitrogen, however, depended on watershed cover: retention of nitrate and ammonium in pasture-dominated watersheds was 95 and 98%, while fully forested watersheds retained 65 and 80% of atmospheric nitrate and ammonium inputs. Watershed forest cover did not affect retention of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphate. Exports from more forested watersheds yielded DIN/P near 16, while pasture-dominated watersheds exported N/P near 2. The differences in magnitude of exports and ratios suggest that deforestation in these Panamanian forests results in exports that affect growth of plants and algae in the receiving stream and estuarine ecosystems. Watershed retention of dissolved inorganic nitrogen calculated from wet plus dry atmospheric deposition varied from 90% in pasture- to 65% in forest-dominated watersheds, respectively. Discharges of DIN to receiving waters from the watersheds therefore rose from 10% of atmospheric inputs for pasture-dominated watersheds, to about 35% of atmospheric inputs for fully forested watersheds. These results from watersheds with no agriculture or urbanization, but different conversion of forest to pasture by burning, show significant, deforestation-dependent retention within tropical watersheds, but also ecologically significant, and deforestation-dependent, exports that are biologically significant because of the paucity of nutrients in receiving tropical stream and coastal waters.
    Description: This work was funded by NSF Grant BIO- 0842413
    Keywords: Tropical watersheds ; Forests ; Pastures ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Evapotranspiration ; Groundwater
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    Auditory evoked potential audiometry in fish (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 23 (2013): 317-364, doi:10.1007/s11160-012-9297-z.
    Description: A recent survey lists more than 100 papers utilizing the auditory evoked potential (AEP) recording technique for studying hearing in fishes. More than 95 % of these AEP-studies were published after Kenyon et al. introduced a non-invasive electrophysiological approach in 1998 allowing rapid evaluation of hearing and repeated testing of animals. First, our review compares AEP hearing thresholds to behaviorally gained thresholds. Second, baseline hearing abilities are described and compared in 111 fish species out of 51 families. Following this, studies investigating the functional significance of various accessory hearing structures (Weberian ossicles, swim bladder, otic bladders) by eliminating these morphological structures in various ways are dealt with. Furthermore, studies on the ontogenetic development of hearing are summarized. The AEP-technique was frequently used to study the effects of high sound/noise levels on hearing in particular by measuring the temporary threshold shifts after exposure to various noise types (white noise, pure tones and anthropogenic noises). In addition, the hearing thresholds were determined in the presence of noise (white, ambient, ship noise) in several studies, a phenomenon termed masking. Various ecological (e.g., temperature, cave dwelling), genetic (e.g., albinism), methodical (e.g., ototoxic drugs, threshold criteria, speaker choice) and behavioral (e.g., dominance, reproductive status) factors potentially influencing hearing were investigated. Finally, the technique was successfully utilized to study acoustic communication by comparing hearing curves with sound spectra either under quiet conditions or in the presence of noise, by analyzing the temporal resolution ability of the auditory system and the detection of temporal, spectral and amplitude characteristics of conspecific vocalizations.
    Description: Support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF grant 22319 to F.L.).
    Keywords: AEP ; Hearing ; Sound pressure level ; Particle acceleration levels ; Thresholds ; Noise ; Ontogeny ; Communication
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    Novel polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for a common reef sponge, Stylissa carteri (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Marine Biodiversity 43 (2013): 237-241, doi:10.1007/s12526-013-0151-x.
    Description: Despite the ubiquitous role sponges play in reef ecosystem dynamics, little is known about population-level connectivity in these organisms. The general field of population genetics in sponges remains in its infancy. To date, microsatellite markers have only been developed for few sponge species and no sponge population genetics studies using microsatellites have been conducted in the Red Sea. Here, with the use of next-generation sequencing, we characterize 12 novel polymorphic loci for the common reef sponge, Stylissa carteri. The number of alleles per loci ranged between three and eight. Observed heterozygosity frequencies (Ho) ranged from 0.125 to 0.870, whereas expected (He) heterozygosity frequencies ranged from 0.119 to 0.812. Only one locus showed consistent deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in both populations and two loci consistently showed the possible presence of null alleles. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected for any pairs of loci. These microsatellites will be of use for numerous ecological studies focused on this common and abundant sponge.
    Description: This work was funded by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.
    Keywords: Microsatellites ; Sponges ; Population genetics ; Connectivity ; Stylissa carteri
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    Testate amoebae and environmental features of polygon tundra in the Indigirka lowland (East Siberia) (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Polar Biology, Springer, 36(6), pp. 857-870, ISSN: 0722-4060
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Polygon tundra characterizes large areas of arctic lowlands. The micro-relief pattern within polygons offers differentiated habitats for testate amoeba (testacean)communities. The objective of this study was to relate testacean species distribution within a polygon to the environmental setting. Therefore, testaceans from four cryosol pits dug at different locations within a low-centered polygon were studied in the context of pedological and pedochemical data, while ground temperature and ground moisture were measured over one summer season. The study site is located on the Berelekh River floodplain (Indigirka lowland, East Siberia). The environmental data sets reflect variations along the rim-to-center transect of the polygon and in different horizons of each pit. The testacean species distribution is mainly controlled by the soil moisture regime and pH. Most of the identified testaceans are cosmopolitans; eight species are described from an arctic environment for the first time. Differences in environmental conditions are controlled by the micro-relief of polygon tundra and must be considered in arctic lowland testacean research because they bias species composition and any further (paleo-)ecological interpretation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Towards improved socio-economic assessments of ocean acidification’s impacts (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Marine Biology 160 (2013): 1773-1787, doi:10.1007/s00227-012-2031-5.
    Description: Ocean acidification is increasingly recognized as a component of global change that could have a wide range of impacts on marine organisms, the ecosystems they live in, and the goods and services they provide humankind. Assessment of these potential socio-economic impacts requires integrated efforts between biologists, chemists, oceanographers, economists and social scientists. But because ocean acidification is a new research area, significant knowledge gaps are preventing economists from estimating its welfare impacts. For instance, economic data on the impact of ocean acidification on significant markets such as fisheries, aquaculture and tourism are very limited (if not non-existent), and non-market valuation studies on this topic are not yet available. Our paper summarizes the current understanding of future OA impacts and sets out what further information is required for economists to assess socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification. Our aim is to provide clear directions for multidisciplinary collaborative research.
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    Continental deformation of Antarctica during Gondwana’s breakup (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the gaps between disciplines—A multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Graduate Research School, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, 7 p., pp. 83-89, ISBN: 978-3-642-32235-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Geophysical data acquired along the Antarctic passive margins constrain the structure and geometry of the deformed continental crust. Crustal thickness estimates range between 7 and 50 km and the Antarctic continent–ocean transition zone (COTZ) extends up to 100–670 km towards the ocean. Continental deformation prior to rifting over a c. 100 million years long time span resulted in crustal stretching factors varying between 1.8 and 5.9. The time span of deformation was sufficiently large and the rifting velocity low enough to extend the margin by up to 300–400 km. Crustal thinning generates a significant subsidence and shallow water passages might already have developed during the rifting phase along the margin. Accounting for accurate continental margin deformation has also consequences for plate-tectonic reconstructions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    The Structural and Educational Concept in an Interdisciplinary Research School for Earth System Science (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Research School, Heidelbert, Springer, 138 p., pp. 1-8, ISBN: 978-3-642-32234-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    General aspects of Earth System Science (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Research School, Heidelberg, Springer, 138 p., pp. 1-3, ISBN: 978-3-642-32234-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Collaborative Climate Community Data and Processing Grid - C3Grid: Workflows for Data Selection, Pre- and Postprocessing in a Distributed Environment (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Modelling - Volume 6: ESM Data Archives in the Times of the Grid, Springer Briefs in Earth System Sciences, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, pp. 49-60, ISBN: 978-3-642-37243-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Grid technology can help scientists to overcome problems with the Data Deluge in climate research, as it facilitates large scale data sharing and reuse of data. Worldwide there are different initiatives to facilitate data handling for scientific work and to built up collaborational working environments with interinstitutional data access.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Primary Productivity and Circulation Patterns Downstream of South Georgia: A Southern Ocean Example of the ‘‘Island Mass Effect” (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines. Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Graduate Research School, Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines. Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Graduate Research School, Heidleberg, Springer, 4 p., pp. 38-41, ISBN: 978-3-642-32234-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Growth of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean (SO) is largely limited by insufficient concentrations of the micronutrient iron, so that despite the large macronutrient reservoir, the SO is considered a High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll region. Therefore, phytoplankton growth is enhanced where exogenous iron is introduced to the system, for example downstream from islands. These confined regions sustain very rich ecosystems and are hot spots for atmospheric carbon dioxide drawdown. In this study, a combination of satellite derived measurements and model simulations are used to investigate the biological and physical environmental disturbances of the island of South Georgia (37°W, 54°S), which is located in the southwestern part of the Atlantic sector of the SO. We show not only that the island shelf is an important source of dissolved iron to the system, but also that the characteristic surface circulation patterns found downstream of the island play an important role in maintaining the shape and distribution of the developing phytoplankton bloom.
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    The Significance of the long lived (〉400 Years) bivalve Arctica islandica as a high-resolution bioarchive (2013)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth system science: bridging the gap between disciplines, Earth system science: bridging the gap between disciplines, Heidelberg, Springer, 7 p., pp. 97-103, ISBN: 978-3-642-32234-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Information about past environmental conditions is preserved in the elemental signature of biogenic marine carbonates. Thus, trace element to calcium ratios (Me/Ca) of biogenic calcium carbonates, such as bivalve shells, are often used to reconstruct past environmental conditions at the time of carbonate formation (Foster et al., 2008). In this study, we examine the suitability of the long-lived (〉 400 years) bivalve Arctica islandica as a high-resolution bioarchive by measuring Me/Ca ratios in the shell carbonate. Pb/Ca concentrations in A. islandica shells reflect anthropogenic gasoline lead consumption and further provide a centennial record of lead pollution for the collection site off the coast of Virginia, USA. With A. islandica shells from the North Sea we test the hypothesis that Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios are indicators of the diatom abundance. Our results indicate that statistically both ratios correlate well with the diatom abundance, and yet, on a year-to-year base, there is no consistent reflection of diatom abundance patterns in the Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca annual profiles. These findings indicate that primary production affects Ba/Ca and Mn/Ca shell ratios, though we suggest that both elements are coupled to primary production through different processes and are affected by further, yet unknown processes.
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    Effective Alkoxylation of Phosphorescent Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Compounds Bearing Fluorinated Bipyridine Ligands (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-30
    Print ISSN: 0276-7333
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Vanadium Oxo Organometallic Species Supported on Silica for the Selective Non-oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-29
    Print ISSN: 0276-7333
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 81
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    Unusual Redox Chemistry of Ytterbium Carbazole–Bis(oxazoline) Compounds: Oxidative Coupling of Primary Phosphines by an Ytterbium Carbazole–Bis(oxazoline) Dialkyl (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-07
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  • 82
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    Computational Insight into103Rh Chemical Shift–Structure Correlations in Rhodium Bis(phosphine) Complexes (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-04
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  • 83
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    A Novel Acylmethylpyridinol Ligand Containing Dinuclear Iron Complex Closely Related to [Fe]-Hydrogenase (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-30
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  • 84
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    Oxidative Addition of Diphenyldichalcogenides PhEEPh (E = S, Se, Te) to Low-Valent CN- and NCN-Chelated Organoantimony and Organobismuth Compounds (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-03
    Print ISSN: 0276-7333
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 85
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    Synthesis and Structure of Group 4 Symmetric Amidinate Complexes and Their Reactivity in the Polymerization of α-Olefins (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-04
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  • 86
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    Monosubstituted Borane Ruthenium Complexes RuH2(η2:η2-H2BR)(PR′3)2: A General Approach to the Geminal Bis(σ-B–H) Coordination Mode (2013)
    American Chemical Society
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-28
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 87
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    Coordination Singularities of a Bis(p-xylyl)bis(benzimidazolylidene) Ligand and the Bis-iridium and -rhodium-Related Complexes (2013)
    American Chemical Society
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-28
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  • 88
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    Stable Ionic Rh(I,II,III) Complexes Ligated by an Imidazolium-Substituted Phosphine with π-Acceptor Character: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application to Hydroformylation (2013)
    American Chemical Society
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-30
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  • 89
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    Coordination of 12-Electron Organometallic Fragments to the Arene Ring of Nonsymmetric Group 10 POCOP Pincer Complexes (2013)
    American Chemical Society
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-01
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  • 90
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    Interconversion of Metallanaphthalynes and Indenylidene Complexes: A DFT Prediction (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-29
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  • 91
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    Mechanism and Origins of Z Selectivity of the Catalytic Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynes via Rhodium Vinylidene Complexes To Produce Enol Ethers (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-29
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  • 92
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    Insight into the Hydrogen Migration Processes Involved in the Formation of Metal–Borane Complexes: Importance of the Third Arm of the Scorpionate Ligand (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-26
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  • 93
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    Labile Rhodium(I)–N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-26
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  • 94
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    Synthesis, Structure, and Reactions of a (η3-α-silabenzyl)molybdenum Complex: A Synthetic Equivalent of a Coordinatively Unsaturated Silyl Complex (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-23
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  • 95
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    Gold Phenolate Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-19
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 96
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    Reactivity of a Tin(II) 1,3-Benzodi(thiophosphinoyl)methanediide Complex toward Gallium, Germanium, and Zinc Compounds (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-22
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  • 97
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    Sulfonated Water-Soluble N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes: Behavior in Aqueous Medium and as NHC-Transfer Agents to Platinum(II) (2013)
    American Chemical Society
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-19
    Print ISSN: 0276-7333
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  • 98
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    Platinum(II)-Catalyzed Ethylene Hydrophenylation: Switching Selectivity between Alkyl- and Vinylbenzene Production (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-23
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 99
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    Ambiphilic Reactivity of a Ruthenaphosphaalkenyl: Synthesis ofP-Pyrazolylphosphaalkene Complexes of Ruthenium(0) (2013)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-24
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 100
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    Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Lithium, Potassium, Magnesium, and Heavier Group 14 Metal Complexes Derived from 2-Quinolyl-Linked (Thiophosphorano)methane (2013)
    American Chemical Society
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-18
    Print ISSN: 0276-7333
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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