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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2010-2014  (2,092)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 2012  (2,092)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2010-2014  (2,092)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Regional groundwater flow and interactions with deep fluids in western Apennine: the case of Narni-Amelia chain (Central Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: The elemental fluxes and heat flow associated with large aquifer systems can be significant both at local and at regional scales. In fact, large amounts of heat transported by regional groundwater flow can affect the subsurface thermal regime, and the amount of matter discharged towards the surface by large spring systems can be significant relative to the elemental fluxes of surface waters. The Narni-Amelia regional aquifer system (Central Italy) discharges more than 13 m3 sec)1 of groundwater characterised by a slight thermal anomaly, high salinity and high pCO2. During circulation in the regional aquifer, groundwater reacts with the host rocks (dolostones, limestones and evaporites) and mixes with deep CO2-rich fluids of mantle origin. These processes transfer large amounts of dissolved substances, in particular carbon dioxide, and a considerable amount of heat towards the surface. Because practically all the water circulating in the Narni-Amelia system is discharged by few large springs (Stifone-Montoro), the mass and energy balance of these springs can give a good estimation of the mass and heat transported from the entire system towards the surface. By means of a detailed mass and balance of the aquifer and considering the soil CO2 fluxes measured from the main gas emission of the region, we computed a total CO2 discharge of about 7.8 · 109 mol a)1 for the whole Narni-Amelia system. Finally, considering the enthalpy difference between infiltrating water and water discharged by the springs, we computed an advective heat transfer related to groundwater flow of 410 ± 50 MW.
    Description: Published
    Description: 182-196
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: carbon dioxide degassing ; heat flow ; regional aquifer ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Greenland uplift and regional sea–level changes from ICESat observations and GIA modeling (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: We study the implications of a recently published mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), derived from repeated surface elevation measurements from NASA’s ice cloud and land elevation satellite (ICESat) for the time period between 2003 and 2008. To characterize the effects of this new, high-resolution GrIS mass balance, we study the time-variations of various geophysical quantities in response to the current mass loss. They include vertical uplift and subsidence, geoid height variations, global patterns of sea level change (or fingerprints), and regional sea level variations along the coasts of Greenland. Long-wavelength uplifts and gravity variations in response to current or past ice thickness variations are obtained solving the sea level equation, which accounts for both the elastic and the viscoelastic components of deformation. To capture the short-wavelength components of vertical uplift in response to current ice mass loss, which is not resolved by satellite gravity observations, we have specifically developed a high-resolution regional elastic rebound (ER) model. The elastic component of vertical uplift is combined with estimates of the viscoelastic displacement fields associated with the process of glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA), according to a set of published ice chronologies and associated mantle rheological profiles. We compare the sensitivity of global positioning system (GPS) observations along the coasts of Greenland to the ongoing ER and GIA. In notable contrast with past reports, we show that vertical velocities obtained by GPS data from five stations with sufficiently long records and from one tide gauge at the GrIS margins can be reconciled with model predictions based on the ICE-5G deglaciation model and the ER associated with the new ICESat-derived mass balance.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1457-1474
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Sea level change ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    BUILDING MATERIALS OF THE THEATRE OF MARCELLUS, ROME* (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: The building materials of the Theatre of Marcellus, 44–11 BCE, reflect Roman builders’ careful selections of tuff and travertine for dimension stone and volcanic aggregates for pozzolanic concretes. The vitric–lithic–crystal Tufo Lionato tuff dimension stone contains a high proportion of lava lithic fragments, which increase its compressive strength and decrease water sorption, enhancing durability. Sophisticated installations of travertine dimension stone reinforce the tuff masonry, which is integrated with durable concrete walls and barrel vaults. The pozzolanic mortars of the concretes contain harenae fossiciae mainly from the intermediate alteration facies of the mid-Pleistocene, scoriaceous Pozzolane Rosse pyroclastic flow. They have pervasive interpenetrating pozzolanic cements, including strätlingite, similar to highquality, imperial era mortars. Concrete walls are faced with refined Tufo Lionato opus reticulatum and tufelli, and opus testaceum of fired, greyish-yellow brick. The exploratory concrete masonry, which includes some of the earliest examples of brick facings and strätlingite cements in Rome, and the integration of these materials in complex architectural elements and internal spaces, reflect the highly skilled workmanship, rigorous work-site management and technical supervision of Roman builders trained in republican era methods and materials.
    Description: Published
    Description: 728–742
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: VOLCANIC TUFF MASONRY ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    The effect of directivity in PSHA framework (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We propose a method to introduce a refined representation of the ground motion in the framework of the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). This study is especially oriented to the incorporation of a priori information about source parameters, by focusing on the directivity effect and its influence on seismic hazard maps. Two strategies have been followed. One considers the seismic source as an extended source, and it is valid when the PSHA seismogenetic sources are represented as fault segments. We show that the incorporation of variables related to the directivity effect can lead to variations up to 30% of the hazard level, in terms of spectral acceleration response at 5 sec., exceeding probability of 10% in 50 years. The second one concerns the more general problem of the seismogenetic areas, where each point is a seismogenetic source having the same chance of enucleate a seismic event. In our proposition the point source is associated to the rupture-related parameters, defined using a statistical description. As an example, we consider a source point of an area characterized by strike slip faulting style. With the introduction of the directivity correction the modulation of the hazard map reaches values up to 100%. The introduction of directivity does not increase uniformly the hazard level, but acts more like a redistribution of the estimation that is consistent with the fault orientation. A general increase appears only when no a-priori information is available. However, nowadays good a-priori knowledge exists on style of faulting, dip and orientation of faults associated to the majority of the seismogenetic zones of the present seismic hazard maps. Following this method, all the information collected may be easily converted to obtain a more comprehensive and meaningful probabilistic Seismic Hazard formulation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 616-626
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motion ; Earthquake source observation ; Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Microstructures of melt inclusions in anatectic metasedimentary (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The occurrence of crystallized and glassy melt inclusions (MI) in high-grade, partially melted metapelites and metagraywackes has opened up new possibilities to investigate anatectic processes. The present study focuses on three case studies: khondalites from the Kerala Khondalite Belt (India), the Ronda migmatites (Spain), and the Barun Gneiss (Nepal Himalaya). The results of a detailed microstructural investigation are reported, along with some new microchemical data on the bulk composition of MI. These inclusions were trapped within peritectic garnet and ilmenite during crystal growth and are therefore primary inclusions. They are generally isometric and very small in size, mostly £15 lm, and only rarely reaching 30 lm; they occur in clusters. In most cases inclusions are crystallized ( nanogranites ) and contain a granitic phase assemblage with quartz, feldspar and one or two mica depending on the particular case study, commonly with accessory phases (mainly zircon, apatite, rutile). In many cases the polycrystalline aggregates that make up the nanogranites show igneous microstructures, e.g. granophyric intergrowths, micrographic quartz in K-feldspar and cuneiform rods of quartz in plagioclase. Further evidence for the former presence of melt within the investigated inclusions consists of melt pseudomorphs, similar to those recognized at larger scale in the host migmatites. Moreover, partially crystallized inclusions are locally abundant and together with very small (£8 lm) glassy inclusions may occur in the same clusters. Both crystallized and partially crystallized inclusions often display a diffuse nanoporosity, which may contain fluids, depending on the case study. After entrapment, inclusions underwent limited microstructural modifications, such as shape maturation, local necking down processes, and decrepitation (mainly in the Barun Gneiss), which did not influence their bulk composition. Re-homogenized nanogranites and glassy inclusions show a leucogranitic and peraluminous composition, consistent with the results of partial melting experiments on metapelites and metagraywackes. Anatectic MI should therefore be considered as a new and important opportunity to understand the partial melting processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 303-322
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: garnet ; melt inclusions ; melt microstructures ; migmatites ; nanogranite ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Ground deformation at calderas driven by fluid injection: modelling unrest episodes at Campi Flegrei (Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Campi Flegrei collapse caldera (Italy) is a high-risk volcanic area located close to Naples and includes part of the densely populated city. This area is characterised by large up and down ground displacements. The last large uplift episode caused 3.5 m of cumulative vertical displacement at the centre of the town of Pozzuoli, during the period 1969–1984. Up and down ground movements in this area often occur without intercurring eruptions and are similar to what is observed at other calderas worldwide. Here, however, they appear more evident and amplified. Understanding the mechanism of such movements is crucial for hazard assessment and eruption forecast, mainly due to this densely populated area. This paper presents a detailed model for ground displacements due to deep fluid injection in shallower layers. Such a model explains in a natural way the occurrence of uplift and subsidence without eruptions. We show that it is possible to fit observed ground deformation in this area with a thermofluid dynamical model. The model obtained is also consistent with other observations like microgravity changes, changes in CO2 flux, etc. Here, we suggest that significant uplift and subsidence at calderas can be due to effects of deep fluid injections other than magma. At Campi Flegrei, however, a partial magmatic contribution at the origin of the observed episodes cannot be excluded.
    Description: Published
    Description: 833–847
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Numerical approximations and analysis; Hydrothermal systems; Explosive volcanism; Calderas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 7
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    Mantle viscosity inference: a comparison between Simulated Annealing and Neighbourhood Algorithm inversion methods (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two direct search methods, simulated annealing and neighbourhood algorithm, are applied to the inversion of the viscosity profile of the mantle using relative sea level time-histories for the Hudson Bay region. In problems characterized by a low-dimensional model space (Nd = 2 in this study), the two inversion methods show comparable performances. When a larger number of dimensions is involved (specifically Nd = 6), we directly show that simulated annealing is less effective than neighbourhood algorithm in overcoming the obstacles that are found in the model space when our specific data set is employed. This study confirms that modifications of the conventional Monte Carlo inversion method, such as simulated annealing and neighbourhood algorithm, are viable tools to determine the viscosity profile of the mantle, which, until recently, has been mainly tackled by means of linearized techniques.
    Description: Published
    Description: 890-900
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: mantle viscosity ; simulated annealing ; neighbourhood algorithm ; postglacial rebound ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Some insights on the occurrence of recent volcanic eruptions of Mount Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In the first part of this work, we make use of two non-parametric statistical pattern recognition algorithms and a multiple regression analysis to analyse seismic clusters occur ring around Mount Etna, Italy. The aim is to determine if the onset of flank eruptions at Mount Etna is linked to variations in the regional seismicity at a timescale of few weeks. From the analysis, we find that the discrimination between clusters preceding flank eruptions and clusters not related in time to flank activity is mainly linked to the volume output of the previous flank eruption, in some cases together with the time elapsed from its end. Instead, we do not find any difference in the seismicity features characterizing different types of clusters, except for a very small contribution of the number of seismic events in the clusters. This result does not confirm the existence, suggested in the past, of a direct link between the regional state of stress at a timescale of few weeks and the occurrence of flank eruptions on Mount Etna volcano. On the contrary, the result suggests that a prominent role in the flank eruption occur rence is played by the re-charging of the feeding system. In the second part of this study we analyse the relationship between the magma volume erupted in an eruption and the interevent time following it, finding that a ‘time-predictable model’ satisfactorily describes the occurrence of eruptions at Mount Etna in the last decades. The latter analysis is car ried out both on the flank eruption catalogue only, and on the complete catalogue of flank and summit eruptions, with comparable results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1203–1218
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: flank eruptions ; Mount Etna volcano ; regional tectonic stress ; statistical pattern recognition ; time predictability ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    The Italian present-day stress map (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In this paper, we present a significant update of the Italian present-day stress data compilation not only to improve the knowledge on the tectonic setting of the region or to constrain future geodynamic models, but also to understand the mechanics of processes linked to faulting and earthquakes. In this paper, we have analysed, revised and collected new contemporary stress data from borehole breakouts and we have assembled earthquake and fault data. In total, 206 new quality-ranked entries complete the definition of the horizontal stress orientation and tectonic regime in some areas, and bring new information mainly in Sicily and along the Apenninic belt. Now the global Italian data set consists of 715 data points, including 499 of A–C quality, representing an increase of 37 per cent compared to the previous compilation. The alignment of horizontal stresses measured in some regions, closely matches the ∼N–S first- order stress field orientation of ongoing relative crustal motions between Eurasia and Africa plates. The Apenninic belt shows a diffuse extensional stress regime indicating a ∼NE–SW direction of extension, that we interpret as related to a second-order stress field. The horizontal stress rotations observed in peculiar areas reflect a complex interaction between first-order stress field and local effects revealing the importance of the tectonic structure orientations. In particular, in Sicily the new data delineate a more complete tectonic picture evidencing adjacent areas characterized by distinct stress regime: northern offshore of Sicily and in the Hyblean plateau the alignment of horizontal stresses is consistent with the crustal motions, whereas different directions have been observed along the belt and foredeep.
    Description: Published
    Description: 705–716
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Downhole methods; Seismicity and tectonics; Crustal structure; Europe. ; borehole breakouts, earthquakes, faults ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Complexity of the rupture process during the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy, earthquake (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this study, we investigate the rupture history of the April 6th 2009 (Mw 6.1) L’Aquila normal faulting earthquake by using a nonlinear inversion of strong motion, GPS and DInSAR data. Both the separate and joint inversion solutions reveal a complex rupture process and a heterogeneous slip distribution. Slip is concentrated in two main asperities: a smaller shallow patch of slip located up-dip from the hypocenter and a second deeper and larger asperity located southeastward along strike direction. The key feature of the source process emerging from our inverted models concerns the rupture history, which is characterized by two distinct stages. The first stage begins with rupture nucleation and with up-dip propagation at relatively high (∼ 4.0 km/s), but still sub-shear, rupture velocity. The second stage starts nearly 2.0÷2.5 seconds after nucleation and it is characterized by the along strike rupture propagation. The largest and deeper asperity fails during this stage of the rupture process. The rupture velocity is larger in the up-dip than in the along-strike direction. The up-dip and along-strike rupture propagation are separated in time and associated with a Mode II and a Mode III crack, respectively. The comparison between the source models inferred in this study with the Poisson ratio anomalies in the crustal volume containing the fault plane (Di Stefano et al., 2011) allows the interpretation of the delay in along-strike rupture propagation in terms of a structural control of the rupture history. Our results show that the L’Aquila earthquake featured a very complex rupture, with strong spatial and temporal heterogeneities suggesting a strong frictional and/or structural control of the rupture process.
    Description: Published
    Description: 607-621
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Inverse theory;Earthquake dynamics;Earthquake ground motions;Earthquake source observations;Body waves;Rheology and friction of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Horizontal polarization of ground motion in the Hayward fault zone (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate shear wave polarization in the Hayward fault zone near Niles Canyon, Fremont, CA. Waveforms of 12 earthquakes recorded by a seven-accelerometer seismic array around the fault are analysed to clarify directional site effects in the fault damage zone. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain through H/V spectral ratios with horizontal components rotated from 0◦ to 180◦, and in the time domain using the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix method employing three component records. The near-fault ground motion tends to be polarized in the horizontal plane. At two on-fault stations where the local strike is N160◦, ground motion polarization is oriented N88 ± 19◦ and N83 ± 32◦, respectively. At a third on-fault station, the motion is more complex with horizontal polarization varying in different frequency bands. However, a polarization of N86 ± 7◦, similar to the results at the other two on-fault stations, is found in the frequency band 6–8 Hz. The predominantly high-angle polarization from the fault strike at the Hayward Fault is consistent with similar results at the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault and the Val d’Agri area (a Quaternary extensional basin) in Italy. In all these cases, comparisons of the observed polarization directions with models of fracture orientation based on the fault movement indicate that the dominant horizontal polarization is near-orthogonal to the orientation of the expected predominant cracking direction. The results help to develop improved connections between fault mechanics and near-fault ground motion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1255–1272
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motions. ; Interface waves ; Site effects ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Land subsidence along the Ionian coast of SE Sicily (Italy), detection and analysis via Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal differential SAR interferometry (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the results of a multi-temporal, differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) analysis aiming to identify active surface deformation phenomena in southeastern Sicily. The study area has been chosen because of its strong seismicity, high concentration of industrial and agricultural activities, and high density of people living in the coastal area. Furthermore, the morphology, lithology and climatic feature of this sector of the Hyblean foreland are suitable for an interferometric analysis, providing a high coherence over the area. We used the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal DInSAR technique from Berardino et al., 2002, to calculate mean ground velocity maps and displacement time series from a large data set of European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS 1-2) images spanning the time period 1992-2000. The reliability of the DInSAR results was tested calculating the EastSAR and UpSAR values over two permanent global positioning system (GPS) stations in the area, and comparing them with the EastGPS and UpGPS values. The residuals between GPS and DInSAR velocities were 1 and 0.6 mm/yr for the Up and East components, respectively. Four main subsiding areas, previously undetected, have been identified, in correspondence of the towns of Augusta, Siracusa, Priolo, and Villasmundo. The observed deformation phenomena are located within coastal structural basins, filled with Pleistocene and Holocence deposits, except the Villasmundo land subsidence which is located on the Hyblean plateau. The measured deformation rates reach values up to -18 mm/yr in Augusta, -6 mm/yr in Siracusa, -5 mm/yr in Villasmundo and -4.5 mm/yr in Priolo. The examination of velocity profiles, time series, and geological data allows us to relate all the detected deformation patterns primarily to groundwater over-exploitation. A multi-dimensional interpolation with kriging was performed to obtain a field subsidence map. A first order elastic deformation model was used to simulate the peculiar features of the Villasmundo subsidence
    Description: ASI-SIGRIS project. ESA Cat1 3769. MIUR Fondo per il sostegno dei giovani.
    Description: Published
    Description: 273-286
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: subsidence ; InSAR ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk
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  • 13
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    Earthquake sequences of the last millennium in L'Aquila and surrounding regions (central Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We have analysed the history of seismic activity in the region of L'Aquila to compare the 2009 sequence with previous ones. Historical catalogues are exhaustive for large shocks, but not for small earthquakes and swarms. Our original compilation highlights repeated seismic sequences from 1315 ad to present. In the 20th century, at least 23 sequences affected the Abruzzi region, 8 of which were very close to L'Aquila. In previous centuries, we found evidence of at least 13 sequences around L'Aquila, with maximum magnitude ∼4 to ∼5. Only three sequences were followed by stronger shocks (1461, 1703 and 2009). However, many strong events of the region (1349, 1762, 1915, 1950) were not preceded by foreshocks. We describe here the last of these sequences (1985) showing its strong similarity with the 2009 one, except its final evolution (no large event in 1985). Our analysis suggests that seismic sequences alone cannot be considered straight forerunners of incoming strong events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 52–61
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: L’Aquila earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
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  • 14
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    Dissolved gases in brackish thermal waters: an improved analytical method (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An improved method based on equilibrium partitioning between water samples and an inert host gas, introduced after sampling, is proposed for determining multiple species of dissolved gases in brackish water. The method itself, and the most convenient equations for describing gas solubilities in brackish waters, is described in detail. The method allows the rapid characterization of several sites and represents a useful tool for geochemical surveys. A comparison between replicate samples analyzed using different procedures demonstrates the efficiency of the method and indicates that the abundances of the main dissolved gases can be obtained, which can then be used to determine underlying geochemical processes. A Microsoft Excel worksheet is provided to easily calculate the concentration of dissolved gas species.
    Description: Published
    Description: 236-244
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: brackish thermal waters ; dissolved gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Isostatic rebound following the Alpine deglaciation: impact on the sealevel variations and vertical movements in the Mediterranean region (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The present-day sea level variations and geodetically observed ground deformations in the Mediterranean area are normally ascribed to the combined effect of tectonic or human-driven subsidence and postglacial uplift as a result of the melting of the major Pleistocene ice sheets. However, another potential cause of deformation, only marginally considered to date, is the melting of the glacier that covered the Alps during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The aim of this paper is to predict the long-term sea level variations induced by the melting of both the late-Pleistocene and Alpine ice sheets and compare our results with the relative sea level (RSL) observations available in the Mediterranean region. This task is accomplished solving the sea level equation (SLE) for a spherically symmetric viscoelastic Earth. Our analysis shows that the melting of the Alpine glacier has marginally affected the Holocene sea level variations in the near-field sites in southern France (Marseilles and Roussillon) and the central Tyrrhenian sea (Civitavecchia), and that the RSL predictions are significantly sensitive to the chronology of the remote ice aggregates. The computations, which are performed using a specific mantle viscosity profile consistent with global observations of RSL rise, show that the uplift rate driven by the Alpine isostatic readjustment may account for up to 1/3 of the rates observed at GPS stations in the western portion of the chain. Our results suggest that a thorough modelization of both near- and far-field ice sheets is necessary to gain a better insight into the present-day deformations and sea level variations in the Mediterranean region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 137-147
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Alpine glacier ; glacial rebound ; mantle viscosity ; sea level variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Stress-induced temperature variations in groundwater of the Monferrato area (north-western Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Although characterized by low seismicity, the Monferrato area of north-western Italy was affected by earthquakes, of magnitude M5.1 and M4.8, in 2000 and 2001. At the same time, marked changes were recorded in water temperature and chemistry in several wells within the epicentral area. In May 2004, an automatic network for the continuous monitoring of groundwater was installed in selected wells to study the phenomenon. Here, we report on data collected during a 3-year period of groundwater monitoring. During the first year, episodes of water heating (by up to 20°C) were observed in one monitored well. The temporal analysis of the seismic activity recorded in the area revealed as almost all seismic events occurred during the period of elevated water temperatures. The similar timing of earthquakes and groundwater-temperature anomalies suggests that both may be triggered by the same processes acting in the crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 142-149
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: groundwater monitoring ; pore fluid pressure; ; tectonic stress ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring
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  • 17
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    Active extension in Val d’Agri area, Southern Apennines, Italy: implications for the geometry of the seismogenic belt. (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Integration of geologic, geomorphologic and seismologic data sets is used to reconstruct the recent tectonic evolution and active deformation pattern in the Val d’Agri area, located in the seismically active axial sector of the Southern Apennines (Italy). The western portion of the Apennines thrust belt has been affected by Pliocene–Quaternary extension during easterly roll-back and crustal delamination of the Adriatic slab. The bulk of Quaternary extension has been accommodated bySW-dipping oblique and normal faults,which have attained mature morphologic and structural features and, nowadays, separate mountain ranges from intermontane basins. However, in the present seismogenic belt, coseismic faulting locally occurs on NE-dipping structures, which might cut the inherited Pleistocene landscape. In theVal d’Agri basin, in spite of the large Early–Middle Pleistocene, displacement occurred on SW-dipping faults bordering its eastern flank, our investigations show that the recent basin evolution has been controlled by a NE-dipping fault system (Monti della Maddalena fault system, MMFS). This fault system cuts across the Monti della Maddalena range, west of the Agri valley and has not yet created an evident tectonic landscape. Notwithstanding, fault motion since the Middle Pleistocene might explain geomorphologic and hydrographic anomalies of the Agri river and its valley, where fault-controlled subsidence has captured the river course and produced an aggrading plain within a regional uplift context. Recent and ongoing motion is documented by fault scarplets in loose deposits, 14C ages of palaeosols and the spatial relation with low to moderate instrumental seismicity. Results from fault kinematic analysis are compatible with fault-plane solutions of local and regional seismic events, and indicate ∼NE–SW oriented extension. Recognition of the MMFS as a potential seismogenic fault increases the longitudinal extent of the NE-dipping, morphologically immature seismic sources in the Southern Apennines and argues against the range-bounding fault model for active extension in the region. The regional size of the NE-dipping seismogenic belt may result from impingement of a mantle wedge beneath the Apenninic chain and possibly track the external front of crustal delamination.
    Description: Published
    Description: 591-609
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: active tectonics ; crustal deformation ; earthquakes ; geomorphology ; normal faulting ; Southern Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
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  • 18
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    Tsunami early warning using earthquake rupture duration and P-wave dominant period: the importance of length and depth of faulting (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: After an earthquake, rapid, real-time assessment of hazards such as ground shaking and tsunami potential is important for early warning and emergency response. Tsunami potential depends on seafloor displacement, which is related to the length, L, width, W, mean slip, D, and depth, z, of earthquake rupture. Currently, the primary discriminant for tsunami potential is the centroid-moment tensor magnitude, MCMT, representing the seismic potency LWD, and w estimated through an indirect, inversion procedure. The obtained MCMT and the implied LWD w value vary with the depth of faulting, assumed earth model and other factors, and is only available 30 min or more after an earthquake. The use of more direct procedures for hazard assessment, when available, could avoid these problems and aid in effective early warning. Here we present a direct procedure for rapid assessment of earthquake tsunami potential using two, simple measures on P-wave seismograms—the dominant period on the velocity records, Td, and the likelihood that the high-frequency, apparent rupture-duration, T0, exceeds 50–55 s. T0 can be related to the critical parameters L and z, while Td may be related to W, D or z. For a set of recent, large earthquakes, we show that the period-duration product T T gives more information on tsunami impact and size than MCMT and other currently used d0w discriminants. All discriminants have difficulty in assessing the tsunami potential for oceanic strike-slip and backarc or upper plate, intraplate earthquake types. Our analysis and results suggest that tsunami potential is not directly related to the potency LWD from the ‘seismic’ faulting model, as is assumed with the use of the MCMT discriminant. Instead, knowledge of w rupture length, L, and depth, z, alone can constrain well the tsunami potential of an earthquake, with explicit determination of fault width, W, and slip, D, being of secondary importance. With available real-time seismogram data, rapid calculation of the direct, period-duration discriminant can be completed within 6–10 min after an earthquake occurs and thus can aid in effective and reliable tsunami early warning.
    Description: Published
    Description: 283-291
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: earthquake dynamics ; earthquake source observation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 19
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    Ocean ensemble forecasting. Part II: Mediterranean Forecast System response (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: This article analyzes the ocean forecast response to surface vector wind (SVW) distributions generated by a Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) developed in Part I of this series. A new method for ocean ensemble forecasting (OEF), the socalled BHM-SVW-OEF, is described. BHM-SVW realizations are used to produce and force perturbations in the ocean state during 14 day analysis and 10 day forecast cycles of the Mediterranean Forecast System (MFS). The BHM-SVW-OEF ocean response spread is amplified at the mesoscales and in the pycnocline of the eddy field. The new method is compared with an ensemble response forced by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble prediction system (EEPS) surface winds, and with an ensemble forecast started from perturbed initial conditions derived froman ad hoc thermocline intensified random perturbation (TIRP) method. The EEPS-OEF shows spread on basin scales while the TIRP-OEF response is mesoscale-intensified as in the BHM-SVW-OEF response. TIRP-OEF perturbations fill more of the MFS domain, while the BHM-SVW-OEF perturbations are more location-specific, concentrating ensemble spread at the sites where the ocean-model response to uncertainty in the surface wind forcing is largest.
    Description: Published
    Description: 879–893
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: embargoed_20140501
    Keywords: forecast uncertainty ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models
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  • 20
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    Post-seismic relaxation following the 2009 April 6, L’Aquila (Italy), earthquake revealed by the mass position of a broad-band seismometer (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-16
    Description: Post-seismic relaxation is known to occur after large or moderate earthquakes, on time scales ranging from days to years or even decades. In general, long-term deformation following seismic events has been detected by means of standard geodetic measurements, although seismic instruments are only used to estimate short timescale transient processes. Albeit inertial seismic sensors are also sensitive to rotation around their sensitive axes, the recording of very slow inclination of the ground surface at their standard output channels is practically impossible, because of their design characteristics. However, modern force-balance, broad- band seismometers provide the possibility to detect and measure slow surface inclination, through the analysis of the mass position signal. This output channel represents the integral of the broad-band velocity and is generally considered only for state-of-health diagnostics. In fact, the analysis of mass position data recorded at the time of the 2009 April 6, L’Aquila (MW = 6.3) earthquake, by a closely located STS-2 seismometer, evidenced the occurrence of a very low frequency signal, starting right at the time of the seismic event. This waveform is only visible on the horizontal components and is not related to the usual drift coupled with the temperature changes. This analysis suggests that the observed signal is to be ascribed to slowly developing ground inclination at the station site, caused by post-seismic relaxation following the main shock. The observed tilt reached 1.7 × 10−5 rad in about 2 months. This estimate is in very good agreement with the geodetic observations, giving comparable tilt magnitude and direction at the same site. This study represents the first seismic analysis ever for the mass position signal, suggesting useful applications for usually neglected data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1717-1724
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic cycle ; Earthquake source observations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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  • 21
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    Complex 3D Finite Element Modeling of the April 6th 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake by Inverse Analysis of Static Deformation (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: On 2009 April 6 a Mw = 6.3 earthquake struck the Abruzzi region (Central Italy) and caused severe destruction in L’Aquila and the surrounding area. In this work we present a Finite Element analysis of the event based on a realistic complex 3-D model, accounting for topographic relief and rheological heterogeneities deduced from local tomography. Finite Element computed Green’s functions were implemented in a linear inversion of GPS coseismic displacements, to retrieve the slip distribution on the rupture plane. The inverted slip models basically agree with previous studies carried out on homogeneous domains, but reveal the presence of a single high slip patch, whereas half-space or 1-D approaches obtain a more complex slip pattern. Our results point out that the introduction of 3-D features significantly influences the obtained source model, suggesting a trade-off between domain complexities and source details.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1339–1358
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Numerical approximations and analysis ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Dynamics and mechanics of faulting ; L'Aquila earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 22
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    A comprehensive approach for evaluating network performance in surface and borehole seismic monitoring (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The accurate determination of locations and magnitudes of seismic events in a monitored region is important for many scientific, industrial and military studies and applications; for these purposes a wide variety of seismic networks are deployed throughout the world. It is crucial to know the performance of these networks not only in detecting and locating seismic events of different sizes throughout a specified source region, but also by evaluating their location errors as a function of the magnitude and source location. In this framework, we have developed a method for evaluating network performance in surface and borehole seismic monitoring. For a specified network geometry, station characteristics and a target monitoring volume, the method determines the lowest magnitude of events that the seismic network is able to detect (Mw detect), and locate (Mw loc) and estimates the expected location and origin time errors for a specified magnitude. Many of the features related to the seismic signal recorded at a single station are considered in this methodology, including characteristics of the seismic source, the instrument response, the ambient noise level, wave propagation in a layered, anelastic medium and uncertainties on waveform measures and the velocity model. We applied this method to two different network typologies: a local earthquake monitoring network, Irpinia Seismic Network (ISNet), installed along the Campania-Lucania Apennine chain in Southern Italy, and a hypothetic borehole network for monitoring microfractures induced during the hydrocarbon extraction process in an oil field. The method we present may be used to aid in enhancing existing networks and/or understanding their capabilities, such as for the ISNet case study, or to optimally design the network geometry in specific target regions, as for the borehole network example.
    Description: Published
    Description: 793-806
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motions ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
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  • 23
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    Residual analysis of teleseismic P-wave energy magnitude estimates: inter- and intrastation variability (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Computing the magnitude of an earthquake requires correcting for the propagation effects from the source to the receivers. This is often accomplished by performing numerical simulations using a suitable Earth model. In this work, the energy magnitude Me is considered and its determination is performed using theoretical spectral amplitude decay functions over teleseismic distances based on the global Earth model AK135Q. Since the high frequency part (above the corner frequency) of the source spectrum has to be considered in computing Me, the influence of propagation and site effects may not be negligible and they could bias the single station Me estimations. Therefore, in this study we assess the inter- and intrastation distributions of errors by considering the Me residuals computed for a large data set of earthquakes recorded at teleseismic distances by seismic stations deployed worldwide. To separate the inter- and intrastation contribution of errors, we apply a maximum likelihood approach to the Me residuals. We show that the interstation errors (describing a sort of site effect for a station) are within ±0.2 magnitude units for most stations and their spatial distribution reflects the expected lateral variation affecting the velocity and attenuation of the Earth's structure in the uppermost layers, not accounted for by the 1-D AK135Q model. The variance of the intrastation error distribution (describing the record-to-record component of variability) is larger than the interstation one (0.240 against 0.159), and the spatial distribution of the errors is not random but shows specific patterns depending on the source-to-station paths. The set of coefficients empirically determined may be used in the future to account for the heterogeneities of the real Earth not considered in the theoretical calculations of the spectral amplitude decay functions used to correct the recorded data for propagation effects.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1444-1454
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: time series analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 24
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    Strain rate computation in Northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) from episodic GPS surveys (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The monitoring of crustal motions in Northern Victoria Land (NVL) of Antarctica by means of episodic GPS stations (EGPSs) provides an accurate and dense (∼50-km spaced) velocity field. The data, gathered starting in Austral summer 1999, derive from a series of benchmarks belonging to the Victoria Land Network for DEFormation control (VLNDEF) geodetic network. The velocity uncertainties are checked on the basis of length and returning time of the episodic surveys, to obtain a meaningful strain rate field by means of a least-square computation where the contribution of a GPS station is weighted by the inverse square of its velocity error. The study shows that the NVL is characterized by a complex kinematics and that, although three subregions with different prevailing deformational behaviour can be recognized, the single blocks cannot be resolved because too few stations exist. Only features having 150–200 km size at least can be recognized. Moreover, it is demonstrated that an appropriate data processing of EGPS data can lead to an accurate evaluation of the strain rate field even in a harsh environment like Antarctica.
    Description: Published
    Description: 851-862
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Time-series analysis ; Satellite geodesy ; Geomorphology ; Antarctica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 25
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    Marine Archaeogeophysical Prospection of Roman Salapia Settlement (Puglia, Italy): Detecting Ancient Harbour Remains (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Gulf of Manfredonia and the Tavoliere Plain have experienced intense human colonization since the neolithic times. There is past evidence in the study area of a Roman-age settlement historically known as Salapia, probably located close to the salt-production ponds. In particular, several portions of a partly submerged ancient pier-like structure were found close to Torre Pietra town. This structure has been interpreted as a portion of a dragged-ship channel that connected the town of Salapia to the sea. In this article we discuss the results of a high-resolution geophysical prospecting of the Margherita di Savoia offshore archaeological site (Puglia, Italy). We collected magnetic gradiometric and bathymetric data to map the submerged remains of Salapia harbour. We found evidence of an offshore projection of a Torre Pietra pier-like structure, identifying the direction of the ship channel and possibly the location of the harbour’s defensive post
    Description: Published
    Description: 89-101
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Marine magnetic survey; ; Manfredonia Gulf ; Roman archaeological finds ; buried ruins ; analytic signal; ; horizontal gradient ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing
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  • 26
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    Volcanic deformation and flank instability due to magmatic sources and frictional rheology: the case of Mount Etna (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The overall picture of Mount Etna deformation emerging since a couple of decades of geodetic surveys shows effects of magma accumulation, characterized by inflation/deflation cycle, accompanied by a sliding instability of the southeast flank, whose manifestation is an increase in the horizontal deformation away from the volcano summit. This is a very interesting case to test whether advanced models, taking into account topography, internal structure and frictional rheology, may contribute to a better understanding of the complex interplay among mechanical response, magmatic activity and gravitational load occurring in a volcanic system. Using finite element numerical models we make predictions of surface displacements associated with a simple expansion source and with a dike like vertical discontinuity. A new methodology is developed to initalize the lithostatic stress field according to the material and geometrical complexities of the models considered. Our results show that, while an amplification of the horizontal displacement can be easily obtained up to a maximum distance of 10 km from the source, we have not been able to find any onfiguration to extend further this signal. For the case of Mount Etna this suggests that the large horizontal displacements observed in the east flank along the coast cannot be directly related to magma accumulation below the volcano's summit.
    Description: Published
    Description: 939-953
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Numerical solutions ; Space geodetic surveys ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Eruption mechanisms and flow emplacement ; Volcanic hazards and risks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes
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  • 27
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    High-resolution shallow seismic tomography of a hydrothermal area: application to the Solfatara, Pozzuoli (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Solfatara is one of the major volcanoes of the Phlegrean Fields (Campi Flegrei) volcanic complex, and it is located in a densely populated area a few kilometres west of the city of Naples. It is an active resurgent caldera that has been characterized by a rich history of surface–ground deformation and soil diffuse degassing and fumarolic emissions, which are indications of the top of a hydrothermal plume. A seismic survey was completed in May 2009 for the characterization of the main subsurface features of the Solfatara. Using the complete data set, we have carried out surface wave inversion with high spatial resolution. A classical minimization of a least-squares objective function was first computed to retrieve the dispersion curves of the surface waves. Then, the fitting procedure between the data and a three-sedimentlayer forward model was carried out (to a depth of 7 m), using an improved version of the neighbourhood algorithm. The inversion results indicate a NE-SW fault, which is not visible at the surface. This was confirmed by a temperature survey conducted in 2010. A passive seismic experiment localized the ambient noise sources that correlate well with the areas of high CO2 flux and high soil temperatures. Finally, considering that the intrinsic attenuation is proportional to the frequency, a centroid analysis provides an overview of the attenuation of the seismic waves, which is closely linked to the petrophysical properties of the rock. These different approaches that merge complete active and passive seismic data with soil temperature and CO2 flux maps confirm the presence of the hydrothermal system plume. Some properties of the top of the plume are indicated and localized.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1725–1733
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Inverse theory ; Tomography ; Hydrothermal systems ; Europe ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 28
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    Prismatic magnetite magnetosomes from cultivated Magnetovibrio blakemorei strain MV-1: a magnetic fingerprint in marine sediments? (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The magnetic properties (first-order reversal curves, ferromagnetic resonance and decomposition of saturation remanent magnetization acquisition) of Magnetovibrio blakemorei, a cultivated marine magnetotactic bacterium, differ from those of other magnetotactic species from sediments deposited in lakes and marine habitats previously studied. This finding suggests that magnetite produced by some magnetotactic bacteria retains magnetic properties in relation to the crystallographic structure of the magnetic phase produced and thus might represent a ‘magnetic fingerprint’ for a specific magnetotactic bacterium. The use of this fingerprint is a non-destructive, new technology that might allow for the identification and presence of specific species or types of magnetotactic bacteria in certain environments such as sediments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 664-668
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: batteri magnetotattici ; magnetite ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism
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  • 29
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    Seismic velocity structures of southern Italy from tomographic imaging of the Ionian slab and petrological inferences (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-06
    Description: In this study we have determined detailed Vp and Vs seismic velocity models of the Ionian lithosphere subducting beneath the Tyrrhenian basin and of the surrounding mantle, by applying a post-processing technique to a large sample of local earthquake tomography studies. Our seismic velocity models permit us to infer the presence of low velocity anomalies within the slab, which we interpret as regions that are partially hydrated by fluids released during the subduction process. A petrological interpretation of the velocity anomalies gives new details on the magmatism of the volcanic Aeolian arc. Furthermore our velocity models provide a more detailed description of the boundary of the slab and its connection with the large seismically active Tindari-Letojanni strike slip system. Finally these results allow describing in detail some features of the slab as the presence of lateral and vertical tears. In conclusion, the obtained models provide some constraints for inferences on mantle circulation, and on the geodynamical evolution of the central-western Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 751-764
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tomography, petrology, Ionian slab ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 30
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    Ocean ensemble forecasting. Part I: Ensemble Mediterranean winds from a Bayesian hierarchical model (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: A Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) is developed to estimate surface vector wind (SVW) fields and associated uncertainties over the Mediterranean Sea. The BHM–SVW incorporates data-stage inputs from analyses and forecasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and SVW retrievals from the QuikSCAT data record. The process-model stage of the BHM–SVW is based on a Rayleigh friction equation model for surface winds. Dynamical interpretations of posterior distributions of the BHM–SVW parameters are discussed. Ten realizations from the posterior distribution of the BHM–SVW are used to force the data-assimilation step of an experimental ensemble ocean forecast system for the Mediterranean Sea in order to create a set of ensemble initial conditions. The sequential data-assimilation method of the Mediterranean forecast system (MFS) is adapted to the ensemble implementation. Analyses of sample ensemble initial conditions for a single data-assimilation period in MFS are presented to demonstrate the multivariate impact of the BHM–SVW ensemble generation methodology. Ensemble initial-condition spread is quantified by computing standard deviations of ocean state variable fields over the ten ensemble members. The methodological findings in this article are of two kinds. From the perspective of statistical modelling, the process-model development is more closely related tophysicalbalances than inpreviousworkwithmodels for the SVW.Fromthe ocean forecast perspective, the generation of ocean ensemble initial conditions via BHM is shown to be practical for operational implementation in an ensemble ocean forecast system. Phenomenologically, ensemble spread generated via BHM–SVW occurs on ocean mesoscale time- and space-scales, in close association with strong synoptic-scale wind-forcing events. A companion article describes the impacts of the BHM–SVW ensemble method on the ocean forecast in comparisons with more traditional ensemble methods.
    Description: Published
    Description: 858–878
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: embargoed_20140501
    Keywords: QuikSCAT surface winds ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
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  • 31
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    Intensity prediction equations for Central Asia (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: In this study, new intensity prediction equations are derived for Central Asia, considering about 6000 intensity data points from 66 earthquakes encompassing the surface-wave magnitude range of 4.6–8.3. The suitability of the functional form used for constructing the model is assessed by comparing its predictions with those achieved through a non-parametric model. The parametric regressions are performed considering different measures of the source-to-site distance, namely the hypocentral, epicentral and the extended distance metrics. The latter is defined as the minimum distance from the site to a line crossing the epicentres, oriented along the strike of the earthquake and having a length estimated from the event’s magnitude. Although the extended distance is introduced as a preliminary attempt to improve the prediction capability of the model by considering the finiteness of the fault extension, the standard deviation of the residual distribution obtained considering the extended distance (σ = 0.734) does not show an improvement with respect to the results for the epicentral distance (σ = 0.737). The similarity of the two models in term of average residuals is also confirmed by comparing the interevent errors obtained for the two regressions, obtaining very similar values for all earthquakes but the 1911, M 8.2 Kemin event. In particular, different evidences suggest that the magnitude of this event could be overestimated by about half a magnitude unit. Regarding the variability of the residual distribution, all the three considered components (i.e. interevent, interlocation and record-to-record variances) are not negligible, although the largest contribution is related to the record-to-record variability, suggesting that both source and propagation as well as site effects not captured by the considered model influence the spatial variability of the intensity values.
    Description: Published
    Description: 327–337
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motions ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Respiratory principles of oxygen-exchange in water breathing animals (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Abele, D., Zenteno-Savin, T, Vasquez-Medina, J. (Eds) Oxidatve Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Blackwell-Wiley., Oxford UK, Wiley-Blackwell, 15 p., pp. 141 -156, ISBN: 978-1-4443-3548-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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    The stability of European rocky shore assemblages: variation across a latitudinal gradient and the role of canopy-forming macroalgae. (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Oikos, Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-17
    Description: Compensatory dynamics, overyielding and statistical averaging are mechanisms promoting the temporal stability of natural communities. Using the model of European intertidal rocky shore assemblages and collating 17 datasets, we investigated how the strength of these stability-enhancing mechanisms varies with latitude and how it can be altered by the loss of habitat-formers (e.g. canopy-forming macroalgae). Community stability decreased with increasing latitude, mostly as a consequence of a greater synchronization of species fluctuations. Statistical averaging and overyielding (i.e. richness effects) promoted stability, but their strength did not vary with latitude. The experimental removal of macroalgal canopies caused a strengthening of the statistical averaging effect that was consistent across the latitudinal gradient investigated. Nonetheless, the loss of canopies depressed stability by enhancing the synchronization of species fluctuations on southernmost shores, while it had weak effects on shores at higher latitudes. Variation in life-history traits among canopy-forming species and/or in prevailing environmental conditions across a gradient of latitude could underlie variable effects of habitat-formers on species fluctuations. Our study shows i) that the stability of intertidal assemblages and strength of compensatory dynamics varies with latitude, ii) that canopy-forming macroalgae, exerting a strong control on understorey species, can influence the strength of compensatory dynamics and iii) that biological forcing (i.e. facilitation) can be as important as environmental forcing in enhancing the synchronization of species fluctuations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    PROVENANCING OF LIGHTWEIGHT VOLCANIC STONES USED IN ANCIENT ROMAN CONCRETE VAULTING: EVIDENCE FROM ROME (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: Some of the most structurally innovative concrete vaults built in imperial Rome employed lightweight volcanic rocks to reduce the lateral thrust on the supporting walls, the most famous being the Pantheon. Roman concrete (opus caementicium) was made up of mortar binding together pieces of large aggregate (caementa) usually ranging from 10 to 20 cm long, which were hand laid in the mortar (as opposed to being poured as is typical in modern concrete), so that it resembles mortared rubble. A key aspect of the development of large-scale concrete vaulting was the ability to regulate the weight of the ingredients in order to reduce the weight of the vaults and to control the forces within the structure. The volcanic environment along the west coast of Italy provided numerous stones of different weights and physical properties from which the builders could choose (Fig. 1), including pumice and scoria, which were the most common choices for the lightweight caementa of the most innovative vaulted structures. Because these materials were produced by many of the Italian volcanoes, our goal was to establish the provenance of those used in vaults in Rome in order to understand better the supply network. We first used thin sections to narrow the potential sources and then we submitted selected samples to X-ray fluorescence
    Description: Published
    Description: 707-727
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: concrete vault ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Do earthquake storms repeat in the Apennines of Italy? (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: Series of multiple main shocks that develop on adjacent faults is a typical way in which active extension is accommodated in the Apennines of Italy. This behaviour is explained by fault interaction that occurs at a scale ranging from seconds to days, yielding a space–time clustering of earthquakes, termed as earthquake storms. We show that the seismic energy released by historical earthquakes in central Apennines is clustered into two main small time periods, around 600 and 300 years ago, during which a great portion of the normal faulting belt failed. We favour the hypothesis that clustering results from sudden input of deep fluids into the brittle upper crust. The roughly 300 years periodicity and the 3–4 mm year−1 of tectonic extension suggest that earthquake storms need to be taken into account in seismic hazard scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 300–306
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Predictability study on the aftershock sequence following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki, Japan, earthquake: first results (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-08
    Description: Although no deterministic and reliable earthquake precursor is known to date, we are steadily gaining insight into probabilistic forecasting that draws on space–time characteristics of earthquake clustering. Clustering-based models aiming to forecast earthquakes within the next 24 hours are under test in the global project ‘Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability’ (CSEP). The 2011 March 11 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan provides a unique opportunity to test the existing 1-day CSEP models against its unprecedentedly active aftershock sequence. The original CSEP experiment performs tests after the catalogue is finalized to avoid bias due to poor data quality. However, this study differs from this tradition and uses the preliminary catalogue revised and updated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), which is often incomplete but is immediately available. This study is intended as a first step towards operability-oriented earthquake forecasting in Japan. Encouragingly, at least one model passed the test in most combinations of the target day and the testing method, although the models could not take account of the megaquake in advance and the catalogue used for forecast generation was incomplete. However, it can also be seen that all models have only limited forecasting power for the period immediately after the quake. Our conclusion does not change when the preliminary JMAcatalogue is replaced by the finalized one, implying that the models perform stably over the catalogue replacement and are applicable to operational earthquake forecasting. However, we emphasize the need of further research on model improvement to assure the reliability of forecasts for the days immediately after the main quake. Seismicity is expected to remain high in all parts of Japan over the coming years. Our results present a way to answer the urgent need to promote research on time-dependent earthquake predictability to prepare for subsequent large earthquakes in the near future in Japan.
    Description: Published
    Description: 653-658
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Time-series analysis ; Probabilistic forecasting ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Computational seismology ; Statistical seismology ; Asia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
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    Multiproxy record for the last 4500 years from Lake Shkodra (Albania/Montenegro) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-10
    Description: A multi-proxy record is presented for approximately the last 4500 cal a BP from Lake Shkodra, Albania/Montenegro. Lithological analyses, C/N ratio and δ13C of the organic and inorganic carbon component suggest that organic matter and bulk carbonate are predominantly authigenic. The δ18O record of bulk carbonate indicates the presence of two prominent wet periods: one at ca. 4300 cal a BP and one at ca. 2500–2000 cal a BP. The latter phase is also found in southern Spain and Central Italy, and represents a prominent event in the western and central Mediterranean. In the last 2000 years, four relatively wet intervals occurred between ca. 1800 and 1500 cal a BP (150–450 AD), 1350–1250 (600–700 AD), 1100–800 (850–1150 AD), and at ca. 90 cal a BP (1860 AD). Between ca. 4100 and 2500 cal a BP δ18O values are relatively high, with three prominent peaks indicating drier conditions at ca. 4100–4000 cal a BP, ca. 3500 and at ca. 3300 cal a BP. Four additional drier events are identified at 1850 (ca. 100 AD), 1400 (ca. 550 AD), 1150 (800 AD) and ca.750 cal a BP (1200 AD). The pollen record does not show changes in accordance with these episodes owing to the poor sensitivity of vegetation in this area, which is dominated by an orographic rainfall effect and where changes in altitudinal vegetation belts do not affect the pollen rain in the lake catchment. However, since ca. 900 cal a BP a significant decrease in the percentage arboreal pollen and in pollen concentrations suggest major deforestation produced by human activities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Description: Published
    Description: 780-789
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Lake Shkodra ; late Holocene ; Mediterranean ; palaeoclimate ; stable isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology
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  • 38
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    Convective support of long-wavelength topography in the Apennines (Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: Two different free-air gravity datasets from the Apennines have been analysed in the frequency domain to investigate the mechanisms of support of topography. At short wavelength (λ〈150 km) the best fit between the observed and the calculated admittance gives a value of the elastic thickness of 3.7 km. The observed behaviour of the admittance at larger wavelengths (λ〉150 km) shows that such topography is not supported by elastic stresses in the lithosphere but is dynamically supported by mantle convection. The distribution of gravity anomalies and topography suggests that the mantle is rising beneath the main topographic bulge of the Apennines and that this flow is maintained by buoyancy forces, rather than being driven by movement of the subducted slab.
    Description: Published
    Description: 228-233
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Dynamic Topography ; Gravity ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy
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  • 39
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    GPS ground deformation patterns at Mount St. Helens (Washington, USA) from 2004 to 2010 (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: GPS measurements on Mount St. Helens spanning the 2004.00-2010.85 time interval, encompassing the 2004-2008 dome-building eruption, were analyzed. First, a local reference frame was derived in order to isolate the volcanic ground deformation from the background tectonic pattern related to the interactions between the Pacific, Juan de Fuca and North American plates. Secondly, the resulting ground deformation patterns were modelled to constrain magmatic sources. Results suggest a vertically elongated magma chamber centred at 8 - 9 km depth beneath the summit area that deflated during the beginning of the dome growth and inflated since January 2008, evidencing that a primary magma reservoir was active both during and after the eruption in a magmatic system persistent over the time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 148-155
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mount St. Helens ; Ground deformation modelling ; local reference frame ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 40
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    The Palaeocene ‘‘top chron C27n’’ transient greenhouse episode: evidence from marine pelagic Atlantic and peri-Tethyan sections (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: The early Cenozoic, which is punctuated by several negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs), was a time of climatic and oceanographic transition from ’Greenhouse’ to ’Icehouse’ conditions. The occurrence of a 0.5& CIE starting at the top of Chron C27n (TC27N) is reconfirmed with stable isotope data from Zumaia (Spain) and Bjala (Bulgaria) localities. Spectral analysis on respective carbonate ⁄magnetic susceptibility proxy records substantiates the orbital cyclostratigraphy allowing correlation to a high-resolution benthic foraminifera isotope record from ODP Pacific Site 1209, that indicates a coeval 2 C transient warming. The hyperthermal event lasts 200 ka, contrasting with other short-lived events from the Eocene, and displays a relatively rapid onset and a longer tailing back to pre-event values similar to the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), though lower in amplitude. That a causal trigger for the TC27N event may be the onset of volcanism in the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) can be inferred from a 200-m-thick lava pile erupted during C27n ⁄ C26r polarity transition in the E Greenland margin.
    Description: Published
    Description: 477-486
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: hyperthermal ; isotope excursion ; TC27N event ; Zumaia ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy
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  • 41
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    Comparison of characteristic and Gutenberg–Richter models for time-dependentM ≥ 7.9 earthquake probability in the Nankai-Tokai subduction zone, Japan (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-10
    Description: Earthquake forecasts are usually underinformed, and can be plagued by uncertainty in terms of the most appropriate model, and parameter values used in that model. In this paper, we explore the application of two different models to the same seismogenic area. The first is a renewal model based on the characteristic earthquake hypothesis that uses historical/palaeoseismic recurrence times, and fixed rupture geometries. The hazard rate is modified by the Coulomb static stress change caused by nearby earthquakes that occurred since the latest characteristic earthquake. The second model is a very simple earthquake simulator based on plate-motion, or fault-slip rates and adoption of a Gutenberg–Richter magnitude–frequency distribution. This information is commonly available even if historical and palaeoseismic recurrence data are lacking. The intention is to develop and assess a simulator that has a very limited parameter set that could be used to calculate earthquake rates in settings that are not as rich with observations of large-earthquake recurrence behaviour as the Nankai trough. We find that the use of convergence rate as a primary constraint allows the simulator to replicate much of the spatial distribution of observed segmented rupture rates along the Nankai, Tonankai and Tokai subduction zones. Although we note rate differences between the two forecast methods in the Tokai zone, we also see enough similarities between simulations and observations to suggest that very simple earthquake rupture simulations based on empirical data and fundamental earthquake laws could be useful forecast tools in information-poor settings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1673-1688
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Time series analysis ; Spatial analysis ; Probability distributions ; Seismic cycle ; Earthquake interaction ; forecasting, and prediction ; Statistical seismology. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress
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  • 42
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    Stress effects on metabolism and energy budgets in mollusks (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Wiley-Blackwell, 18 p., pp. 263-280, ISBN: 978-1-4443-3548-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: The chapter will summarize and critically review metabolic responses to environmental stress and stress effects on energy budgets in mollusks. Metabolic adaptations to environmental stress will be analyzed including alternative energy conserving pathways, aerobic/anaerobic transitions and metabolic arrest. Their role in the efficient use of energy substrates and in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and redox status will be discussed. General stress effects on energy budget at different organization levels (from the cell to the whole-organism) will be analyzed including energy uptake, assimilation, conversion and expenditure, as well as the metabolic costs associated with stress resistance (including antioxidant protection, chaperone function and damage repair). We will compare metabolic responses to moderate and extreme levels of environmental stressors using temperature, ocean acidification, salinity, oxygen deficiency and toxic metal stress as examples. This chapter will also outline the future research directions to improve our understanding of the stress effects on bioenergetics in mollusks and other invertebrates. Keywords: Stress, metabolic adaptation, metabolic arrest, bioenergetics, cellular defense, energy trade-offs
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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    Iron in coastal marine ecosystems: role in oxidative stress (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 524 p., pp. 115-126, ISBN: 978 1 4443 3548 4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 44
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    Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN: 9781444335484
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 45
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    Traversing nature’s danger zone: getting up close with Sumatra’s volcanoes. (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-10
    Description: The Indonesian island of Sumatra, located in one of the most active zones of the Pacific Ring of Fire, is characterized by a chain of subduction-zone volcanoes which extend the entire length of the island. As a group of volcanic geochemists, we embarked upon a five-week sampling expedition to these exotic, remote, and in part explosive volcanoes (SAGE 2010; Sumatran Arc Geochemical Expedition). We set out to collect rock and gas samples from 17 volcanic centres from the Sumatran segment of the Sunda arc system, with the aim of obtaining a regionally significant sample set that will allow quantification of the respective roles of mantle versus crustal sources to magma genesis along the strike of the arc. Here we document our geological journey through Sumatra’s unpredictable terrain, including the many challenges faced when working on active volcanoes in pristine tropical climes.
    Description: Swedish Science Foundation (VR), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Upp-sala University Centre for Natural Disaster Science (CNDS) and Otterborgska donationsfonden
    Description: Published
    Description: 64-70
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Sumatra ; Indonesia ; geochemisty ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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    Crustal structure and seismotectonics of central Sicily (southern Italy): new constraints from instrumental seismicity (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: In this paper, we propose a new model of the crustal structure and seismotectonics for central Sicily (southern Italy) through the analysis of the depth distribution and kinematics of the instrumental seismicity, occurring during the period from 1983 to 2010, and its comparison with individual geological structures that may be active in the area. The analysed data set consists of 392 earthquakes with local magnitudes ranging from 1.0 to 4.7. We defined a new, detailed 1-D velocity model to relocate the earthquakes that occurred in central Sicily, and we calculated a Moho depth of 37 km and a mean VP/VS ratio of 1.73. The relocated seismic events are clustered mainly in the area north of Caltanissetta (e.g. Mainland Sicily) and in the northeastern sector (Madonie Mountains) of the study area; only minor and greatly dispersed seismicity is located in the western sector, near Belice, and along the southern coast, between Gela and Sciacca. The relocated hypocentral distribution depicts a bimodal pattern: 50 per cent of the events occur within the upper crust at depths less than ~16 km, 40 per cent of the events occur within the middle and depth crust, at depths between 16 and 32 km, and the remaining 10 per cent occur at subcrustal depths. The energy release pattern shows a similar depth distribution. On the basis of the kinematic analysis of 38 newly computed focal plane solutions, two major geographically distinct seismotectonic domains are distinguished: the Madonie Mountain domain, with prevalent extensional and extensional-oblique kinematics associated with upper crust Late Pliocene–Quaternary faulting, and the Mainland Sicily domain, with prevalent compressional and compressional-oblique kinematics associated with thrust faulting, at mid to deep crust depth, along the north-dipping Sicilian Basal Thrust (SBT). The stress inversion of the Mainland Sicily focal solutions integrated with neighbouring mechanisms available in the literature highlights a regional homogeneous compressional tensor, with a subhorizontal NNW–SSE-striking σ1 axis. In addition, on the basis of geodetic data, the Mainland Sicily domain may be attributed to the SSE-ward thrusting of the Mainland Sicily block along the SBT plane. Seismogenic shearing along the SBT at mid-crustal depths was responsible for the unexpected Belice 1968 earthquake (Mw 6.1), with evident implications in terms of hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1237-2252
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismicity and tectonics ; Continental tectonics: compressional ; Dynamics: seismotectonics ; Crustal structure ; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Crystal structure of a lipid G protein-coupled receptor (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-22
    Description: The lyso-phospholipid sphingosine 1-phosphate modulates lymphocyte trafficking, endothelial development and integrity, heart rate, and vascular tone and maturation by activating G protein-coupled sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Here, we present the crystal structure of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 fused to T4-lysozyme (S1P(1)-T4L) in complex with an antagonist sphingolipid mimic. Extracellular access to the binding pocket is occluded by the amino terminus and extracellular loops of the receptor. Access is gained by ligands entering laterally between helices I and VII within the transmembrane region of the receptor. This structure, along with mutagenesis, agonist structure-activity relationship data, and modeling, provides a detailed view of the molecular recognition and requirement for hydrophobic volume that activates S1P(1), resulting in the modulation of immune and stromal cell responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338336/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338336/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanson, Michael A -- Roth, Christopher B -- Jo, Euijung -- Griffith, Mark T -- Scott, Fiona L -- Reinhart, Greg -- Desale, Hans -- Clemons, Bryan -- Cahalan, Stuart M -- Schuerer, Stephan C -- Sanna, M Germana -- Han, Gye Won -- Kuhn, Peter -- Rosen, Hugh -- Stevens, Raymond C -- AI055509/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI074564/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055509/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055509-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074564/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074564-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH084512/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH084512-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 17;335(6070):851-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1215904.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Receptos, 10835 Road to the Cure, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. mhanson@receptos.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22344443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anilides/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; Muramidase/chemistry ; Mutagenesis ; Organophosphonates/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics
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    U.S. science budget. Spending panels back boosts for NSF, NASA, NIST programs (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 27;336(6080):401. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6080.401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22539690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Scientific careers. Half-time jobs, full-time scientists (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1031. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6072.1031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Climate change. Slip sliding away (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):881. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6109.881.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23161971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; *Climate Change ; *Ice Cover ; *Islands
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    Baseline map of carbon emissions from deforestation in tropical regions (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Policies to reduce emissions from deforestation would benefit from clearly derived, spatially explicit, statistically bounded estimates of carbon emissions. Existing efforts derive carbon impacts of land-use change using broad assumptions, unreliable data, or both. We improve on this approach using satellite observations of gross forest cover loss and a map of forest carbon stocks to estimate gross carbon emissions across tropical regions between 2000 and 2005 as 0.81 petagram of carbon per year, with a 90% prediction interval of 0.57 to 1.22 petagrams of carbon per year. This estimate is 25 to 50% of recently published estimates. By systematically matching areas of forest loss with their carbon stocks before clearing, these results serve as a more accurate benchmark for monitoring global progress on reducing emissions from deforestation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Nancy L -- Brown, Sandra -- Hagen, Stephen C -- Saatchi, Sassan S -- Petrova, Silvia -- Salas, William -- Hansen, Matthew C -- Potapov, Peter V -- Lotsch, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1573-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1217962.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecosystem Services Unit, Winrock International, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. nharris@winrock.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Asia ; Biomass ; *Carbon ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Latin America ; Monte Carlo Method ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Soil ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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    U.S. budget. Hard times for OSTP (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 17;335(6070):784. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6070.784.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22344418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Molecular biology. RNA plays meiotic matchmaker (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dernburg, Abby F -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):681-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1222647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. afdernburg@lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Pairing ; Chromosomes, Fungal/*physiology ; *Meiosis ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics
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    Support for Greece (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉zur Hausen, Harald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 25;336(6084):978-9. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6084.978.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Economic Recession ; Europe ; Greece ; International Cooperation ; *Research ; *Science
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    Printing and prototyping of tissues and scaffolds (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-20
    Description: New manufacturing technologies under the banner of rapid prototyping enable the fabrication of structures close in architecture to biological tissue. In their simplest form, these technologies allow the manufacture of scaffolds upon which cells can grow for later implantation into the body. A more exciting prospect is the printing and patterning in three dimensions of all the components that make up a tissue (cells and matrix materials) to generate structures analogous to tissues; this has been termed bioprinting. Such techniques have opened new areas of research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Derby, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):921-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1226340.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. brian.derby@manchester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23161993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioprinting/*methods ; Cartilage/cytology/physiology/radiation effects ; Humans ; Photochemical Processes ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Regenerative Medicine ; Tissue Engineering/*methods ; *Tissue Scaffolds
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    Oceanography. China makes waves with ambitious ocean research plan (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):24. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6064.24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Climate ; *Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; *Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; *Research ; Seawater/microbiology
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    Conservation concerns in the deep (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartmann, Aaron C -- Levin, Lisa A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):668-9. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6082.668-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Ecosystem ; *Seawater
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    Rocket launcher mechanism of collaborative actin assembly defined by single-molecule imaging (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-02
    Description: Interacting sets of actin assembly factors work together in cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. We used triple-color single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to image the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and the formin mDia1 during filament assembly. Complexes consisting of APC, mDia1, and actin monomers initiated actin filament formation, overcoming inhibition by capping protein and profilin. Upon filament polymerization, the complexes separated, with mDia1 moving processively on growing barbed ends while APC remained at the site of nucleation. Thus, the two assembly factors directly interact to initiate filament assembly and then separate but retain independent associations with either end of the growing filament.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613992/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613992/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breitsprecher, Dennis -- Jaiswal, Richa -- Bombardier, Jeffrey P -- Gould, Christopher J -- Gelles, Jeff -- Goode, Bruce L -- GM083137/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM43369/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM81648/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063691/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081648/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083137/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM098143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM043369/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 EB009419/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007596/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 1;336(6085):1164-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1218062.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/chemistry/*metabolism ; Animals ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Profilins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; Rabbits
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    Ambient-temperature isolation of a compound with a boron-boron triple bond (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: Homoatomic triple bonds between main-group elements have been restricted to alkynes, dinitrogen, and a handful of reactive compounds featuring trans-bent heavier elements of groups 13 and 14. Previous attempts to prepare a compound with a boron-boron triple bond that is stable at ambient temperature have been unsuccessful, despite numerous computational studies predicting their viability. We found that reduction of a bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-stabilized tetrabromodiborane with either two or four equivalents of sodium naphthalenide, a one-electron reducing agent, yields isolable diborene and diboryne compounds. Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization confirm that the latter is a halide-free linear system containing a boron-boron triple bond.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Braunschweig, Holger -- Dewhurst, Rian D -- Hammond, Kai -- Mies, Jan -- Radacki, Krzysztof -- Vargas, Alfredo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1420-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1221138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany. h.braunschweig@uni-wuerzburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Climate change. Winds of change (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):879-81. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6109.879.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23161970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Climate Change ; Global Warming ; *Ice Cover ; Spheniscidae/*physiology
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    Regulatory science. Amid Europe's food fights, EFSA keeps its eyes on the evidence (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 30;338(6111):1146-7. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6111.1146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23197512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Consumer Advocacy/standards/*trends ; Consumer Organizations/standards/*trends ; *European Union ; Food Labeling/*standards ; *Food Safety ; *Food, Genetically Modified ; Guidelines as Topic/standards ; Italy ; Plants, Genetically Modified
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    Molecular biology. A new start for protein synthesis (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dever, Thomas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 29;336(6089):1645-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1224439.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tdever@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation/*genetics ; *Codon, Initiator ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; *RNA, Transfer, Leu
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    Natural enemies drive geographic variation in plant defenses (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-09
    Description: Plants defend themselves against attack by natural enemies, and these defenses vary widely across populations. However, whether communities of natural enemies are a sufficiently potent force to maintain polymorphisms in defensive traits is largely unknown. Here, we exploit the genetic resources of Arabidopsis thaliana, coupled with 39 years of field data on aphid abundance, to (i) demonstrate that geographic patterns in a polymorphic defense locus (GS-ELONG) are strongly correlated with changes in the relative abundance of two specialist aphids; and (ii) demonstrate differential selection by the two aphids on GS-ELONG, using a multigeneration selection experiment. We thereby show a causal link between variation in abundance of the two specialist aphids and the geographic pattern at GS-ELONG, which highlights the potency of natural enemies as selective forces.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zust, Tobias -- Heichinger, Christian -- Grossniklaus, Ueli -- Harrington, Richard -- Kliebenstein, Daniel J -- Turnbull, Lindsay A -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 5;338(6103):116-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1226397.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland. tobias.zuest@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23042895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological/*genetics ; Animals ; Aphids/*physiology ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; *Genetic Loci ; Geography ; Herbivory/*physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity
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    U.S. budget. Science spared brunt of ax in budget request (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 17;335(6070):783-4. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6070.783.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22344417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Research Support as Topic/economics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Systems biology. How information theory handles cell signaling and uncertainty (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820285/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820285/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brennan, Matthew D -- Cheong, Raymond -- Levchenko, Andre -- CA65145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM072024/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM084322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072024/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM103520/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 RR020839/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 19;338(6105):334-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1227946.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells/drug effects/*metabolism ; *Information Theory ; Ligands ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; *Signal Transduction ; *Uncertainty
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    A sharp peak of the zero-temperature penetration depth at optimal composition in BaFe2(As(1-x)P(x))2 (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: In a superconductor, the ratio of the carrier density, n, to its effective mass, m*, is a fundamental property directly reflecting the length scale of the superfluid flow, the London penetration depth, lambda(L). In two-dimensional systems, this ratio n/m* (~1/lambda(L)(2)) determines the effective Fermi temperature, T(F). We report a sharp peak in the x-dependence of lambda(L) at zero temperature in clean samples of BaFe(2)(As(1)(-x)P(x))(2) at the optimum composition x = 0.30, where the superconducting transition temperature T(c) reaches a maximum of 30 kelvin. This structure may arise from quantum fluctuations associated with a quantum critical point. The ratio of T(c)/T(F) at x = 0.30 is enhanced, implying a possible crossover toward the Bose-Einstein condensate limit driven by quantum criticality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hashimoto, K -- Cho, K -- Shibauchi, T -- Kasahara, S -- Mizukami, Y -- Katsumata, R -- Tsuruhara, Y -- Terashima, T -- Ikeda, H -- Tanatar, M A -- Kitano, H -- Salovich, N -- Giannetta, R W -- Walmsley, P -- Carrington, A -- Prozorov, R -- Matsuda, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1554-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1219821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Applied physics. Spin twists in a transistor (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zutic, Igor -- Lee, Jeongsu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 20;337(6092):307-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1225219.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, The State University at New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. zigor@buffalo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22822141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Science Indicators 2012. Report notes China's influence in emerging Asian science zone (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):274-5. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6066.274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Mice lacking a Myc enhancer that includes human SNP rs6983267 are resistant to intestinal tumors (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-03
    Description: Multiple cancer-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been mapped to conserved sequences within a 500-kilobase region upstream of the MYC oncogene on human chromosome 8q24. These SNPs may affect cancer development through altered regulation of MYC expression, but this hypothesis has been difficult to confirm. We generated mice deficient in Myc-335, a putative MYC regulatory element that contains rs6983267, a SNP accounting for more human cancer-related morbidity than any other genetic variant or mutation. In Myc-335 null mice, Myc transcripts were expressed in the intestinal crypts in a pattern similar to that in wild-type mice but at modestly reduced levels. The mutant mice displayed no overt phenotype but were markedly resistant to intestinal tumorigenesis induced by the APCmin mutation. These results establish that a cancer-associated SNP identified in human genome-wide association studies has a functional effect in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sur, Inderpreet Kaur -- Hallikas, Outi -- Vaharautio, Anna -- Yan, Jian -- Turunen, Mikko -- Enge, Martin -- Taipale, Minna -- Karhu, Auli -- Aaltonen, Lauri A -- Taipale, Jussi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 7;338(6112):1360-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1228606. Epub 2012 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science for Life Center, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/genetics/pathology ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; Colon/metabolism/pathology ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Humans ; Ileum/metabolism/pathology ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*genetics
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    Meiosis-specific noncoding RNA mediates robust pairing of homologous chromosomes in meiosis (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: Pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes are essential for ensuring reductional segregation in meiosis. However, the mechanisms by which chromosomes recognize their homologous partners are poorly understood. Here, we report that the sme2 gene encodes a meiosis-specific noncoding RNA that mediates homologous recognition in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The sme2 locus shows robust pairing from early in meiotic prophase. The sme2 RNA transcripts accumulate at their respective gene loci and greatly enhance pairing of homologous loci: Deletion of the sme2 sequence eliminates this robust pairing, whereas transposition to other chromosomal sites confers robust pairing at those ectopic sites. Thus, we propose that RNA transcripts retained on the chromosome play an active role in recognition of homologous chromosomes for pairing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Da-Qiao -- Okamasa, Kasumi -- Yamane, Miho -- Tsutsumi, Chihiro -- Haraguchi, Tokuko -- Yamamoto, Masayuki -- Hiraoka, Yasushi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):732-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1219518.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Pairing ; Chromosomes, Fungal/*physiology ; Genes, Fungal ; *Meiosis ; Models, Genetic ; Prophase ; RNA, Fungal/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/physiology ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Telomere/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/genetics
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    Climate change. Dancing to the tune of the glacial cycles (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurita, Naoyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1242-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1223527.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan. nkurita@jamstec.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22679088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Conservation. Citizen involvement in the U.S. Endangered Species Act (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brosi, Berry J -- Biber, Eric G N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 17;337(6096):802-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1220660.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. bbrosi@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Databases, Factual ; Endangered Species/*legislation & jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical data ; Population ; Regression Analysis ; Turtles ; United States
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    European dual-use procedures (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rath, Johannes -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1231. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6086.1231-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22679081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; *Public Policy ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Security Measures
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    Cultivating global science (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suresh, Subra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 25;336(6084):959. doi: 10.1126/science.1224580.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; *International Cooperation ; Peer Review, Research/*standards ; *Research ; *Science
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    Molecular biology. A Swiss army knife of immunity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brouns, Stan J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 17;337(6096):808-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1227253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. stan.brouns@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22904002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophages/*immunology ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA Cleavage ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/*metabolism ; *Inverted Repeat Sequences ; RNA/*metabolism ; Streptococcus pyogenes/*enzymology
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    Applied physics. Solution-processible electrodes (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helander, Michael G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 20;336(6079):302-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1220829.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada. michael.helander@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Behavior. Origins of cumulative culture (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurzban, Robert -- Barrett, H Clark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1056-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1219232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. kurzban@psych.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cultural Evolution ; Female ; Humans ; *Mental Processes ; *Problem Solving ; *Social Behavior
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    Ecology. Biodiversity and ecosystem function (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Midgley, Guy F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):174-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1217245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climate Change and Bioadaptation, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Rhodes Drive, Cape Town 7735, South Africa. g.midgley@sanbi.org.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants
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    Comment on "Global resilience of tropical forest and savanna to critical transitions" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Hirota et al. (Reports, 14 October 2011, p. 232) used spatial data to show that grasslands, savannas, and forests represent opposing stable states. Reanalyzing their data and drawing from temporal studies, we argue that spatial analyses underestimate the bistability of grasslands and savannas due to limitations of substituting space for time. We propose that temporal and spatial data are needed to predict critical transitions between grasslands and savannas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ratajczak, Zak -- Nippert, Jesse B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):541; author reply 541. doi: 10.1126/science.1219346.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. zarata@ksu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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    Physics. Enter the Majorana fermion (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brouwer, Piet W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 25;336(6084):989-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1223302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany. brouwer@zedat.fu-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Cell biology. A mitochondrial mystery, solved (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Divakaruni, Ajit S -- Murphy, Anne N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):41-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1225601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pharmacology Department, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anion Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: We present a DNA library preparation method that has allowed us to reconstruct a high-coverage (30x) genome sequence of a Denisovan, an extinct relative of Neandertals. The quality of this genome allows a direct estimation of Denisovan heterozygosity indicating that genetic diversity in these archaic hominins was extremely low. It also allows tentative dating of the specimen on the basis of "missing evolution" in its genome, detailed measurements of Denisovan and Neandertal admixture into present-day human populations, and the generation of a near-complete catalog of genetic changes that swept to high frequency in modern humans since their divergence from Denisovans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3617501/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3617501/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, Matthias -- Kircher, Martin -- Gansauge, Marie-Theres -- Li, Heng -- Racimo, Fernando -- Mallick, Swapan -- Schraiber, Joshua G -- Jay, Flora -- Prufer, Kay -- de Filippo, Cesare -- Sudmant, Peter H -- Alkan, Can -- Fu, Qiaomei -- Do, Ron -- Rohland, Nadin -- Tandon, Arti -- Siebauer, Michael -- Green, Richard E -- Bryc, Katarzyna -- Briggs, Adrian W -- Stenzel, Udo -- Dabney, Jesse -- Shendure, Jay -- Kitzman, Jacob -- Hammer, Michael F -- Shunkov, Michael V -- Derevianko, Anatoli P -- Patterson, Nick -- Andres, Aida M -- Eichler, Evan E -- Slatkin, Montgomery -- Reich, David -- Kelso, Janet -- Paabo, Svante -- GM100233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM040282/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM40282/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 12;338(6104):222-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1224344. Epub 2012 Aug 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. mmeyer@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Fossils ; Gene Flow ; Gene Library ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; *Heterozygote ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A yeast prion, Mod5, promotes acquired drug resistance and cell survival under environmental stress (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-21
    Description: Prion conversion from a soluble protein to an aggregated state may be involved in the cellular adaptation of yeast to the environment. However, it remains unclear whether and how cells actively use prion conversion to acquire a fitness advantage in response to environmental stress. We identified Mod5, a yeast transfer RNA isopentenyltransferase lacking glutamine/asparagine-rich domains, as a yeast prion protein and found that its prion conversion in yeast regulated the sterol biosynthetic pathway for acquired cellular resistance against antifungal agents. Furthermore, selective pressure by antifungal drugs on yeast facilitated the de novo appearance of Mod5 prion states for cell survival. Thus, phenotypic changes caused by active prion conversion under environmental selection may contribute to cellular adaptation in living organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzuki, Genjiro -- Shimazu, Naoyuki -- Tanaka, Motomasa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 20;336(6079):355-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1219491.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Antifungal Agents/*pharmacology ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drug Resistance, Fungal ; Ergosterol/biosynthesis ; Fluorouracil/pharmacology ; Microbial Viability ; Prions/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Fungal/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/*drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Selection, Genetic ; Solubility ; *Stress, Physiological
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Development. Esophageal stem cells, where art thou? (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762587/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762587/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kushner, Jake A -- 1R01AG040110/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- 1R01DK064101/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30DK079638/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG040110/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK081469/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 31;337(6098):1051-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1227506.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McNair Medical Institute, Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. kushner@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Epithelium/*physiology ; Esophagus/*cytology/*physiology ; *Regeneration ; Stem Cells/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Renewable cathode materials from biopolymer/conjugated polymer interpenetrating networks (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: Renewable and cheap materials in electrodes could meet the need for low-cost, intermittent electrical energy storage in a renewable energy system if sufficient charge density is obtained. Brown liquor, the waste product from paper processing, contains lignin derivatives. Polymer cathodes can be prepared by electrochemical oxidation of pyrrole to polypyrrole in solutions of lignin derivatives. The quinone group in lignin is used for electron and proton storage and exchange during redox cycling, thus combining charge storage in lignin and polypyrrole in an interpenetrating polypyrrole/lignin composite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Milczarek, Grzegorz -- Inganas, Olle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1468-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1215159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Electric Capacitance ; Electrochemical Techniques ; *Electrodes ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Exchange ; Lignin/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Polymers/*chemistry ; Pyrroles/*chemistry ; Renewable Energy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Atmospheric science. Water vapor in the lower stratosphere (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ravishankara, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 17;337(6096):809-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1227004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. a.r.ravishankara@noaa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22904003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Convection ; Ozone/*chemistry ; *Seasons ; *Steam ; *Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 87
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    How does plant cell wall nanoscale architecture correlate with enzymatic digestibility? (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-28
    Description: Greater understanding of the mechanisms contributing to chemical and enzymatic solubilization of plant cell walls is critical for enabling cost-effective industrial conversion of cellulosic biomass to biofuels. Here, we report the use of correlative imaging in real time to assess the impact of pretreatment, as well as the resulting nanometer-scale changes in cell wall structure, upon subsequent digestion by two commercially relevant cellulase systems. We demonstrate that the small, noncomplexed fungal cellulases deconstruct cell walls using mechanisms that differ considerably from those of the larger, multienzyme complexes (cellulosomes). Furthermore, high-resolution measurement of the microfibrillar architecture of cell walls suggests that digestion is primarily facilitated by enabling enzyme access to the hydrophobic cellulose face. The data support the conclusion that ideal pretreatments should maximize lignin removal and minimize polysaccharide modification, thereby retaining the essentially native microfibrillar structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Shi-You -- Liu, Yu-San -- Zeng, Yining -- Himmel, Michael E -- Baker, John O -- Bayer, Edward A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1055-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1227491.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. shi.you.ding@nrel.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Wall/*chemistry ; Cellulases/*chemistry ; Cellulose/chemistry ; Clostridium thermocellum/*enzymology ; Lignin/chemistry ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods ; Molecular Imaging ; Nanoparticles/*chemistry ; Plant Cells/*chemistry ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; Trichoderma/*enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Anthropology. Absolute dating of cave art (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hellstrom, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1387-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1224185.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. j.hellstrom@unimelb.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Caves ; Engraving and Engravings/*history ; Humans ; Paintings/*history ; *Radiometric Dating
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  • 89
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    Tackling human fungal infections (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Gordon D -- Denning, David W -- Levitz, Stuart M -- 097377/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):647. doi: 10.1126/science.1222236.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/economics ; Financing, Government ; Fungal Vaccines ; Humans ; *Mycoses/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Research Support as Topic
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  • 90
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    2012 election. Congratulations! Now get to work (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- Malakoff, David -- Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):456-61. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6106.456.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 91
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    Chemistry. Functional DNA origami devices (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strano, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):890-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1231024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. strano@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23161982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cholesterol/*chemistry ; DNA/*chemistry ; Ion Channels/*chemistry ; *Lipid Bilayers ; *Nanostructures
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  • 92
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    Chemistry. Probing frozen molecular embraces (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwier, Timothy S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 10;335(6069):668-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1218285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA. zwier@purdue.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biphenyl Compounds/*chemistry ; Oligopeptides/*chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis/*methods
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  • 93
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    Biochemistry. Walking on solid ground (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickey, B F -- R01 HL097000/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 24;337(6097):924-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1227091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. bdickey@mdanderson.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22923570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cilia/*physiology ; Glycosaminoglycans/*physiology ; Humans ; Lung/*physiology ; *Models, Biological ; Mucins/*physiology ; *Mucociliary Clearance ; Mucus/*physiology ; Respiratory Mucosa/*physiology
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  • 94
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    Field-effect tunneling transistor based on vertical graphene heterostructures (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-04
    Description: An obstacle to the use of graphene as an alternative to silicon electronics has been the absence of an energy gap between its conduction and valence bands, which makes it difficult to achieve low power dissipation in the OFF state. We report a bipolar field-effect transistor that exploits the low density of states in graphene and its one-atomic-layer thickness. Our prototype devices are graphene heterostructures with atomically thin boron nitride or molybdenum disulfide acting as a vertical transport barrier. They exhibit room-temperature switching ratios of approximately 50 and approximately 10,000, respectively. Such devices have potential for high-frequency operation and large-scale integration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Britnell, L -- Gorbachev, R V -- Jalil, R -- Belle, B D -- Schedin, F -- Mishchenko, A -- Georgiou, T -- Katsnelson, M I -- Eaves, L -- Morozov, S V -- Peres, N M R -- Leist, J -- Geim, A K -- Novoselov, K S -- Ponomarenko, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):947-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1218461. Epub 2012 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 95
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    Physics. Seeing the superfluid transition of a gas (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwerger, Wilhelm -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 3;335(6068):549-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1218074.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany. zwerger@ph.tum.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Antarctic Treaty System ready for a challenge (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haward, Marcus -- Jabour, Julia -- Press, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):603. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6107.603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
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    A change in the geodynamics of continental growth 3 billion years ago (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-17
    Description: Models for the growth of continental crust rely on knowing the balance between the generation of new crust and the reworking of old crust throughout Earth's history. The oxygen isotopic composition of zircons, for which uranium-lead and hafnium isotopic data provide age constraints, is a key archive of crustal reworking. We identified systematic variations in hafnium and oxygen isotopes in zircons of different ages that reveal the relative proportions of reworked crust and of new crust through time. Growth of continental crust appears to have been a continuous process, albeit at variable rates. A marked decrease in the rate of crustal growth at ~3 billion years ago may be linked to the onset of subduction-driven plate tectonics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dhuime, Bruno -- Hawkesworth, Chris J -- Cawood, Peter A -- Storey, Craig D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1334-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1216066.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK. b.dhuime@bristol.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Invasive species. Researchers set course to blockade ballast invaders (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strain, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):664-5. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6082.664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Lakes ; *Seawater ; *Ships ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Economics. Implications of scarcity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwane, Alix Peterson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):617-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1230292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. alix.zwane@gatesfoundation.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Attention ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology ; *Socioeconomic Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    History of science. The revolution in the life sciences (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brenner, Sydney -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 14;338(6113):1427-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1232919.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. sydney.brenner@hotmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Science Disciplines/*history/trends ; DNA/chemistry/*history ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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