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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cenozoic noncoaxial transtension along the western shoulder of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, and the emplacement of McMurdo dyke arrays (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Field data on Cenozoic faults and the McMurdo dyke arrays in the Reeves Glacier–Mawson Glacier area, Victoria Land, Antarctica, allow us to support noncoaxial transtensional tectonics along the N–S-trending western shoulder of the Ross Sea. Dyke injection within a crustal-scale right-lateral strike-slip shear zone is testified by magma filled, tension gash-like arrangements within some master fault zones, and by the left-stepping arrangements of dykes in the intrafault zones. The noncoaxiality of deformation is shown by the re-activation of many dyke walls as right-lateral strike-slip faults. This suggests an increase in the strike-slip component over time along the western shoulder of the Ross Sea. Our data support the relevance of transtensional to strike-slip tectonics for triggering melting and controlling the geometry and modes of magma emplacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2000.00270.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture system in Phlegraean Fields (Naples, southern Italy) (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract During the 1983 seismic crisis in the Phlegraean Fields bradyseismic region (southern Italy), a structural analysis of the area was carried out. With a detailed field survey based on a net of 34 measure stations, a total of 536 fractures (mainly joints and a few normal faults) were measured on a 10 × 10 km area in volcanites capable of memorizing post depositional stress activity by fracturing. The analysis of the collected data was performed with the data bank of the University of Rome computer facilities. The azimuthal analysis of total fractures showed a nonrandom distribution with 5 major sets: N13°E, N45°E, N14°W, N55°W and E-W. These preferential orientations have been detected with an automatic fitting of gaussian curves (bell curves) on the azimuthal histograms. The areal distribution showed that all these fracture sets are in general present in the main collapse area. An azimuthal analysis performed by selecting the data collected for rocks older than 4,600 y BP showed a possible youngest age for the N14°W set (domain) (E-W extension). Fractures with an «opening» wider than 1 cm presented the same 5 azimuthal sets and fit fairly well with a concentric distribution around the main collapse area. The presence of an analogous radial pattern is not evident. A tentative interpretation model relates the superficial fracture sets to two possible causes: volcanic activity, including doming and collapsing, and propagation of active tensile deformations in the sedimentary basement due to regional stress trajectories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01961555
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Research: Implementation of a Geochemical Geographic Information System for the Gargano Site, Southern Italy (1999)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 20 (1999), S. 255-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: GIS management ; seismogenic structures ; fluid geochemistry ; Gargano promontory (southern Italy)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A priority task for correct environmental planningis to evaluate Natural Hazards, especially inhighly populated areas. In particular, thoroughinvestigations based on different Earth Sciencetechniques must be addressed for the Seismic HazardAssessment (SHA) in tectonically active areas. Notonly the management but also the multidisciplinaryanalysis of all the SHA-related data sets is bestperformed using a Geographic Information System. In this paper we show how a research-oriented GIS isbuilt and used in a practical case. The GeochemicalGeographic Information System (G2IS) wasdeveloped and applied to the Gargano promontory(southern Italy) in the framework of an EC researchproject, the Geochemical Seismic Zonation (GSZ)Project. This multidisciplinary – multiscalingpowerful tool is described in its structure, updatingprocedures and manipulation techniques. Preliminaryresults are presented on the detection of geochemically active fault zones and theircorrelation with remote sensing data and otherevidences of seismogenic structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008105621134
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  • 4
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    Recent tectonics of Tripolitania, Libya: an intraplate record of Mediterranean subduction (2011)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 357: 319-328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-13
    Description: High-energy seismicity is historically recorded in Tripolitania, Libya suggesting that this area, far from Mediterranean convergent margin, is currently deforming. How this deformation relates to surrounding tectonics of the Africa-Europe convergence is still poorly known. Here, we use remote sensing image analysis and structural survey to show the recent deformation history that affected Tripolitania and reactivated the western bordering structures of Sirte Basin. This tectonic regime onset long after the Paleocene–Oligocene deformation correlated to the Hellenic subduction evolution (Libyan tectonics have been quiescent since then) and is compatible with age and trends of the Sicily Channel rift zone, a deformational belt that developed across the Maghrebian chain. We show that the continuity of this belt reaches farther than that previously acknowledged, as far as c. 1400 km from the collisional front. We speculate on the causes of deformation in this remote area, suggesting that the extensional belt formed in response to the strong slab-pull gradients at the central Mediterranean subduction margin which followed the progressive closure of the oceanic basin.
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  • 5
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    Intraplate strike-slip deformation belts (2003)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 210: 1-14.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: Intraplate strike-slip deformation belts are typically steeply-dipping structures that develop in both oceanic and continental lithosphere where they form some of the largest and most spectacular discontinuities found on Earth. In both modern and ancient continental settings, intraplate strike slip deformation belts are of major importance in accommodating horizontal displacements where they additionally form very persistent zones of weakness that substantially influence the rheological behaviour of the lithosphere over very long time periods (up to 1 Ga or more). These deformation zones provide a fundamental geometric, kinematic and dynamic link between the more rigid plate-dominated tectonics of the oceans and the non-rigid, complex behaviour of the continents. During convergence, they help to transfer major displacements deep into the plate interiors. During divergence, they act as transfer zones that segment rifts, passive continental margins and, ultimately, oceanic spreading ridges. Such belts are also of great economic importance, controlling the location of many destructive earthquakes, offshore and onshore hydrocarbon deposits and metalliferous ore deposits. In the oceans, intraplate strike-slip movements are relatively minor along transform-related fracture zones, but there are an increasing number of documented examples that may reflect spatial and temporal variations in spreading rate along individual active ridge segments.
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  • 6
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    Directional resonance variations across the Pernicana Fault, Mt Etna, in relation to brittle deformation fields (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-11
    Description: The Pernicana Fault (PF) is the main structural element of Mt Etna and the northern boundary of a section sliding to the southeast. Observed ground motion records in the damage zone of the PF show strong variations of directional resonance in the horizontal plane. The observed resonance directions exhibit an abrupt rotation of azimuth by about 30° across the fault, varying from N166° on the north side to N139° on the south. We interpret the directional resonance observations in terms of changes in the kinematics and deformation fields on the opposite sides of the fault. The northern side is affected primarily by the left-lateral strike-slip movement, whereas the southern side, that is subjected also to sliding, is under a dominant extensional stress regime. Brittle deformation models based on the observed kinematic field predict different sets of fractures on the opposite sides of the fault: synthetic cleavages and extensional fractures are expected to dominate in the northern and southern sides, respectively. These two fracture fields have different orientations (N74° and N42°, respectively) and both show a near-orthogonal relation (~88° in the northern sector and ~83° to the south) with the azimuth of the observed directional resonance. We conclude that the direction of the largest resonance motions is sensitive to and has transversal relationship with the dominant fracture orientation. The directional amplification is inferred to be produced by stiffness anisotropy of the fault damage zone, with larger seismic motions normal to the fractures.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
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    Staircase fractures in microbialites and the role of lamination-related mechanical anisotropy: The example of the Acquasanta Terme travertine deposits (central Italy) (2015)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: This study describes a peculiar, yet common type of fracture showing a staircase trajectory, which forms in rocks with moderately weak planar anisotropies. The staircase fracture trajectory is given by alternating fracture segments oriented parallel to (LaP) or at an angle (ramp) with respect to the lamination/layering. The analyses has been accomplished on travertines, which are continental microbial/hydrothermal deposits having a typical poorly stratified yet strongly laminated texture. In these rocks, porosity and permeability have a high across-lamination variability and are mostly controlled by an interconnected and locally corroded array of permeable layers, fractures, and faults. Structural analysis integrated with analytical modeling provided a conceptual model of staircase fracture localization as a function of the travertine lamination dip. Lamination-parallel fracture segments localize within the porous laminae, mostly at the interface with tight laminae. Ramp-type fracture segments cut the lamination, connecting lamination parallel segments. Two types of staircase fracture can be modeled. The first group develops in subhorizontal to gently dipping deposits (lamination dip 〈 30°) corresponding to low-energy depositional environments. The second group relates to staircase fractures developed in moderately to steeply dipping laminations (lamination dip 〉30°) and corresponds to high-energy environments. Major discoveries of hydrocarbon have been recently made in continental (lacustrine) microbial carbonates in the Brazilian South Atlantic margin, some of which exhibit a texture similar to those usually observed in travertines. Understanding of the lacustrine carbonates is still at an early stage. Given that in modern rift settings, vent-related thermal (travertine) and nonthermal (tufa) carbonates are a major component, the proposed conceptual model of staircase fracture localization contributes to the preparation of a model for the potential occurrence of high-permeability pathways in hydrocarbon and geothermal microbial reservoirs.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 8
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    Ice sheet surface lineaments as nonconventional indicators of East Antarctica bedrock tectonics (2014)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geosphere
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-03
    Description: A recent focus of major international exploration in East Antarctica has been aimed at revealing its bedrock topography and imaging its tectonic architecture and evolution. Here we present the tectonic interpretation of regional-scale lineaments revealed by the Radarsat mosaic of Antarctica on the ice sheet surface in the Vostok–Dome C–Adventure Basin region. These lineaments appear in the radar backscatter textures as alignments of marked tonal variations with lengths of tens to hundreds of kilometers and were identified using an automated methodology. We explore the origin scenarios for the ice sheet surface lineaments by comparing their azimuthal trends and spatial distribution with the main morphotectonic features of the bedrock. Azimuthal analysis reveals that lineaments cluster around two preferential directions interpreted as structural or tectonic domains. These show strong correlations with azimuths of tectonic fabrics in the bedrock. The main lineament domain parallels the morphotectonic features of the study area, namely the Adventure Basin and the Concordia and Aurora Trenches. The second lineament set corresponds to the mean orientation of the Lake Vostok depression. The spatial analyses of the two lineament domains strengthen our findings and interpretations. Comparisons with wind and ice flow directions exclude their influence on the identified lineament pattern. Results reveal the tectonic origin of the lineament domains, and demonstrate the method’s usefulness as a tool for tectonic studies of regions characterized by thick covers. These regions include other areas of the East Antarctic craton such as the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, as well as deserts or surfaces of other planets.
    Electronic ISSN: 1553-040X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Origin of exotic clasts in the Central-Southern Apennines: clues to the Cenozoic fold-and-thrust collisional belt in the Central Mediterranean area (2017)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-30
    Description: The Central-Southern Apennines are the result of the collision between Europe and Africa. Despite the volume of existing literature, many problems remain unsolved such as the presence of Tertiary conglomerates containing exotic basement clasts. The lack of basement rocks in the Central-Southern Apennines implies that the origin of these clasts has to be sought in areas where the basement is extensively exposed. These include the Calabro–Peloritani arc and the Sardinia–Corsica block, which in Cenozoic time were connected to the Central-Southern Apennines. In this work we present the results of sedimentary, geochemical and petrographic analyses performed on the exotic basement-derived clasts. These analyses include lithological, major- and minor-element and rare Earth element compositions which are compared to analogous rocks from Calabria and Sardinia basements. Results indicate Eastern Sardinia as the primary source area for the studied conglomeratic units, linking the Central-Southern Apennines sedimentary cover to the Mesozoic carbonates of Eastern Sardinia prior to the opening of Tyrrhenian Sea. The Cilento unit (Campania) was directly fed by an uplifting Cenozoic orogen, and the Filettino, Gavignano (Latium) and Ariano Irpino (Campania) units were produced by the successive reworking of ‘Cilento-like’ sedimentary units. These results may imply that part of the Central-Southern Apennines represented a portion of the European margin of the Tethys.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 10
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    Cenozoic tectonic lineaments of the Terra Nova Bay region, Ross Embayment, Antarctica (1999)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0921-8181
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6364
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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