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  • *Biological Evolution  (58)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (58)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • EMBO Press
  • Hindawi
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Springer
  • Springer Nature
  • Taylor & Francis
  • 2005-2009  (58)
  • 2007  (58)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (58)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • EMBO Press
  • Hindawi
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
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Years
  • 2005-2009  (58)
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Population dynamics and evolutionary change are linked by the fundamental biological processes of birth and death. This means that population growth may correlate with the strength of selection, whereas evolutionary change can leave an ecological signature. We decompose population growth in an age-structured population into contributions from variation in a quantitative trait. We report that the distribution of body sizes within a population of Soay sheep can markedly influence population dynamics, accounting for up to one-fifth of observed population growth. Our results suggest that there is substantial opportunity for evolutionary dynamics to leave an ecological signature and visa versa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelletier, Fanie -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Pemberton, Josephine -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG 22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; Body Size/genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Ecology ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Mathematics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sheep/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: Beetles represent almost one-fourth of all described species, and knowledge about their relationships and evolution adds to our understanding of biodiversity. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Coleoptera inferred from three genes and nearly 1900 species, representing more than 80% of the world's recognized beetle families. We defined basal relationships in the Polyphaga supergroup, which contains over 300,000 species, and established five families as the earliest branching lineages. By dating the phylogeny, we found that the success of beetles is explained neither by exceptional net diversification rates nor by a predominant role of herbivory and the Cretaceous rise of angiosperms. Instead, the pre-Cretaceous origin of more than 100 present-day lineages suggests that beetle species richness is due to high survival of lineages and sustained diversification in a variety of niches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, Toby -- Bergsten, Johannes -- Levkanicova, Zuzana -- Papadopoulou, Anna -- John, Oliver St -- Wild, Ruth -- Hammond, Peter M -- Ahrens, Dirk -- Balke, Michael -- Caterino, Michael S -- Gomez-Zurita, Jesus -- Ribera, Ignacio -- Barraclough, Timothy G -- Bocakova, Milada -- Bocak, Ladislav -- Vogler, Alfried P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1913-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Animals ; Beetles/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics/physiology ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Feeding Behavior ; Fossils ; Genes, Insect ; Gymnosperms ; *Phylogeny
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Introns ; Sea Anemones/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barash, David P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):596-7; author reply 596-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Group Processes ; Humans ; *Morals ; *Psychology, Social
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):686-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Flow ; Geography ; Plants
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: Altruism-benefiting fellow group members at a cost to oneself-and parochialism-hostility toward individuals not of one's own ethnic, racial, or other group-are common human behaviors. The intersection of the two-which we term "parochial altruism"-is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective because altruistic or parochial behavior reduces one's payoffs by comparison to what one would gain by eschewing these behaviors. But parochial altruism could have evolved if parochialism promoted intergroup hostilities and the combination of altruism and parochialism contributed to success in these conflicts. Our game-theoretic analysis and agent-based simulations show that under conditions likely to have been experienced by late Pleistocene and early Holocene humans, neither parochialism nor altruism would have been viable singly, but by promoting group conflict, they could have evolved jointly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Jung-Kyoo -- Bowles, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):636-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Economics and Trade, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; *Altruism ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; *Warfare
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1352-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Extremities/innervation/physiology ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Models, Neurological ; Muscle Contraction ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; *Robotics ; Salamandra/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Swimming ; *Walking
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: Morphological variation within species is a raw material subject to natural selection. However, temporal change in morphological diversity has usually been studied in terms of variation among rather than within species. The distribution of polymorphic traits in cladistic character-taxon matrices reveals that the frequency and extent of morphological variation in 982 trilobite species are greatest early in the evolution of the group: Stratigraphically old and/or phylogenetically basal taxa are significantly more variable than younger and/or more derived taxa. Through its influence on evolutionary tempo, high intraspecific variation may have played a major role in the pronounced Cambrian diversification of trilobites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):499-502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mwebster@geosci.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity ; Time
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Behe, Michael J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):196; author reply 196.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimalarials/pharmacology ; *Biological Evolution ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; *Mutation ; Plasmodium/drug effects/genetics ; Pyrimethamine/pharmacology ; *Selection, Genetic ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics/metabolism
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: In the time between speciation and extinction, a species' ecological and biogeographic footprint-its occupancy-will vary in response to macroecological drivers and historical contingencies. Despite their importance for understanding macroecological processes, general patterns of long-term species occupancy remain largely unknown. We documented the occupancy histories of Cenozoic marine mollusks from New Zealand. For both genera and species, these show a distinct pattern of increase to relatively short-lived peak occupancy at mid-duration, followed by a decline toward extinction. Thus, species at greatest risk for extinction are those that have already been in decline for a substantial period of time. This pattern of protracted rise and fall stands in contrast to that of incumbency, insofar as species show no general tendency to stay near maximal occupancy once established.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foote, Michael -- Crampton, James S -- Beu, Alan G -- Marshall, Bruce A -- Cooper, Roger A -- Maxwell, Phillip A -- Matcham, Iain -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. mfoote@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; *Mollusca ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Time
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: Changes in the genes encoding sensory receptor proteins are an essential step in the evolution of new sensory capacities. In primates, trichromatic color vision evolved after changes in X chromosome-linked photopigment genes. To model this process, we studied knock-in mice that expressed a human long-wavelength-sensitive (L) cone photopigment in the form of an X-linked polymorphism. Behavioral tests demonstrated that heterozygous females, whose retinas contained both native mouse pigments and human L pigment, showed enhanced long-wavelength sensitivity and acquired a new capacity for chromatic discrimination. An inherent plasticity in the mammalian visual system thus permits the emergence of a new dimension of sensory experience based solely on gene-driven changes in receptor organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, Gerald H -- Williams, Gary A -- Cahill, Hugh -- Nathans, Jeremy -- EY002052/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1723-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. jacobs@psych.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Color Perception/*genetics ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Electroretinography ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Primates/genetics/physiology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics/*physiology ; X Chromosome/genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the approximately 120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merchant, Sabeeha S -- Prochnik, Simon E -- Vallon, Olivier -- Harris, Elizabeth H -- Karpowicz, Steven J -- Witman, George B -- Terry, Astrid -- Salamov, Asaf -- Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K -- Marechal-Drouard, Laurence -- Marshall, Wallace F -- Qu, Liang-Hu -- Nelson, David R -- Sanderfoot, Anton A -- Spalding, Martin H -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Ren, Qinghu -- Ferris, Patrick -- Lindquist, Erika -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lucas, Susan M -- Grimwood, Jane -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Cardol, Pierre -- Cerutti, Heriberto -- Chanfreau, Guillaume -- Chen, Chun-Long -- Cognat, Valerie -- Croft, Martin T -- Dent, Rachel -- Dutcher, Susan -- Fernandez, Emilio -- Fukuzawa, Hideya -- Gonzalez-Ballester, David -- Gonzalez-Halphen, Diego -- Hallmann, Armin -- Hanikenne, Marc -- Hippler, Michael -- Inwood, William -- Jabbari, Kamel -- Kalanon, Ming -- Kuras, Richard -- Lefebvre, Paul A -- Lemaire, Stephane D -- Lobanov, Alexey V -- Lohr, Martin -- Manuell, Andrea -- Meier, Iris -- Mets, Laurens -- Mittag, Maria -- Mittelmeier, Telsa -- Moroney, James V -- Moseley, Jeffrey -- Napoli, Carolyn -- Nedelcu, Aurora M -- Niyogi, Krishna -- Novoselov, Sergey V -- Paulsen, Ian T -- Pazour, Greg -- Purton, Saul -- Ral, Jean-Philippe -- Riano-Pachon, Diego Mauricio -- Riekhof, Wayne -- Rymarquis, Linda -- Schroda, Michael -- Stern, David -- Umen, James -- Willows, Robert -- Wilson, Nedra -- Zimmer, Sara Lana -- Allmer, Jens -- Balk, Janneke -- Bisova, Katerina -- Chen, Chong-Jian -- Elias, Marek -- Gendler, Karla -- Hauser, Charles -- Lamb, Mary Rose -- Ledford, Heidi -- Long, Joanne C -- Minagawa, Jun -- Page, M Dudley -- Pan, Junmin -- Pootakham, Wirulda -- Roje, Sanja -- Rose, Annkatrin -- Stahlberg, Eric -- Terauchi, Aimee M -- Yang, Pinfen -- Ball, Steven -- Bowler, Chris -- Dieckmann, Carol L -- Gladyshev, Vadim N -- Green, Pamela -- Jorgensen, Richard -- Mayfield, Stephen -- Mueller-Roeber, Bernd -- Rajamani, Sathish -- Sayre, Richard T -- Brokstein, Peter -- Dubchak, Inna -- Goodstein, David -- Hornick, Leila -- Huang, Y Wayne -- Jhaveri, Jinal -- Luo, Yigong -- Martinez, Diego -- Ngau, Wing Chi Abby -- Otillar, Bobby -- Poliakov, Alexander -- Porter, Aaron -- Szajkowski, Lukasz -- Werner, Gregory -- Zhou, Kemin -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- Grossman, Arthur R -- GM07185/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM42143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM032843/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060992/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062915-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM030626/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):245-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*genetics/physiology ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Algal/genetics ; Flagella/metabolism ; Genes ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Photosynthesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants/genetics ; Proteome ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: There is much interest in the evolutionary forces that favored the evolution of large brains in the primate order. The social brain hypothesis posits that selection has favored larger brains and more complex cognitive capacities as a means to cope with the challenges of social life. The hypothesis is supported by evidence that shows that group size is linked to various measures of brain size. But it has not been clear how cognitive complexity confers fitness advantages on individuals. Research in the field and laboratory shows that sophisticated social cognition underlies social behavior in primate groups. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests that the quality of social relationships has measurable fitness consequences for individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silk, Joan B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1347-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jsilk@anthro.ucla.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Humans ; Primates/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; *Social Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berner, Robert A -- Vandenbrooks, John M -- Ward, Peter D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):557-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. robert.berner@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Alligators and Crocodiles/embryology ; Animals ; *Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Extinction, Biological ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Locomotion ; Mollusca/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Plants/metabolism ; Swimming ; Time ; Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, Christian -- Enberg, Katja -- Dunlop, Erin S -- Arlinghaus, Robert -- Boukal, David S -- Brander, Keith -- Ernande, Bruno -- Gardmark, Anna -- Johnston, Fiona -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- Pardoe, Heidi -- Raab, Kristina -- Silva, Alexandra -- Vainikka, Anssi -- Dieckmann, Ulf -- Heino, Mikko -- Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen. christian.jorgensen@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; *Fishes/physiology ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: The first appearances of aragonite and calcite skeletons in 18 animal clades that independently evolved mineralization during the late Ediacaran through the Ordovician (approximately 550 to 444 million years ago) correspond to intervals when seawater chemistry favored aragonite and calcite precipitation, respectively. Skeletal mineralogies rarely changed once skeletons evolved, despite subsequent changes in seawater chemistry. Thus, the selection of carbonate skeletal minerals appears to have been dictated by seawater chemistry at the time a clade first acquired its mineralized skeleton.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porter, Susannah M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Science, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. porter@geol.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/analysis ; Calcium Carbonate/*analysis ; Chemical Precipitation ; Crystallization ; *Fossils ; Invertebrates/*chemistry ; Magnesium/analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: To understand the constraints on biological diversity, we analyzed how selection and development interact to control the evolution of inflorescences, the branching structures that bear flowers. We show that a single developmental model accounts for the restricted range of inflorescence types observed in nature and that this model is supported by molecular genetic studies. The model predicts associations between inflorescence architecture, climate, and life history, which we validated empirically. Paths, or evolutionary wormholes, link different architectures in a multidimensional fitness space, but the rate of evolution along these paths is constrained by genetic and environmental factors, which explains why some evolutionary transitions are rare between closely related plant taxa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prusinkiewicz, Przemyslaw -- Erasmus, Yvette -- Lane, Brendan -- Harder, Lawrence D -- Coen, Enrico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1452-6. Epub 2007 May 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Computer Simulation ; Flowers/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*growth & development ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Mathematics ; Meristem/growth & development ; *Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The importance of trophic ecology in adaptation and evolution is well known, yet direct evidence that feeding controls microevolution over extended evolutionary time scales, available only from the fossil record, is conspicuously lacking. Through quantitative analysis of tooth microwear, we show that rapid evolutionary change in Miocene stickleback was associated with shifts in feeding, providing direct evidence from the fossil record for changes in trophic niche and resource exploitation driving directional, microevolutionary change over thousands of years. These results demonstrate the potential for tooth microwear analysis to provide powerful insights into trophic ecology during aquatic adaptive radiations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purnell, Mark A -- Bell, Michael A -- Baines, David C -- Hart, Paul J B -- Travis, Matthew P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. mark.purnell@leicester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Diet ; Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Paleodontology ; Phenotype ; *Smegmamorpha/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/*ultrastructure ; Tooth Attrition
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Sea anemones are seemingly primitive animals that, along with corals, jellyfish, and hydras, constitute the oldest eumetazoan phylum, the Cnidaria. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome of an emerging cnidarian model, the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The sea anemone genome is complex, with a gene repertoire, exon-intron structure, and large-scale gene linkage more similar to vertebrates than to flies or nematodes, implying that the genome of the eumetazoan ancestor was similarly complex. Nearly one-fifth of the inferred genes of the ancestor are eumetazoan novelties, which are enriched for animal functions like cell signaling, adhesion, and synaptic transmission. Analysis of diverse pathways suggests that these gene "inventions" along the lineage leading to animals were likely already well integrated with preexisting eukaryotic genes in the eumetazoan progenitor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Putnam, Nicholas H -- Srivastava, Mansi -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Dirks, Bill -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Salamov, Asaf -- Terry, Astrid -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lindquist, Erika -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Genikhovich, Grigory -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Lucas, Susan M -- Steele, Robert E -- Finnerty, John R -- Technau, Ulrich -- Martindale, Mark Q -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- 5 P41 LM006252-09/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- THL007279F/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):86-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Adhesion ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Introns ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Multigene Family ; Muscles/physiology ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Phylogeny ; Sea Anemones/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Synteny
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones ; Female ; *Fossils ; Georgia (Republic) ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Male
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1358-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Size ; DNA, Intergenic ; Dinosaurs/*genetics/metabolism ; *Fossils ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; Osteocytes/cytology ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, Michael W -- Thacker, Robert W -- Hentschel, Ute -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1854-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbonic Anhydrases/*genetics/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Genome ; Porifera/enzymology/*genetics/*microbiology/physiology ; Silicates/metabolism ; *Symbiosis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buckling, Angus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1227-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. angus.buckling@zoology.oxford.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development/*virology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacteriophages/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Granulovirus/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Larva/physiology/virology ; Moths/*physiology/*virology ; Movement ; Selection, Genetic ; Virus Replication
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Human bipedalism is commonly thought to have evolved from a quadrupedal terrestrial precursor, yet some recent paleontological evidence suggests that adaptations for bipedalism arose in an arboreal context. However, the adaptive benefit of arboreal bipedalism has been unknown. Here we show that it allows the most arboreal great ape, the orangutan, to access supports too flexible to be negotiated otherwise. Orangutans react to branch flexibility like humans running on springy tracks, by increasing knee and hip extension, whereas all other primatesdothe reverse. Human bipedalism is thus less an innovation than an exploitation of a locomotor behavior retained from the common great ape ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thorpe, S K S -- Holder, R L -- Crompton, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1328-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Ecosystem ; Hand/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; *Locomotion ; Pongo pygmaeus/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Posture ; *Trees ; *Walking
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Whether the Late Pleistocene hominin fossils from Flores, Indonesia, represent a new species, Homo floresiensis, or pathological modern humans has been debated. Analysis of three wrist bones from the holotype specimen (LB1) shows that it retains wrist morphology that is primitive for the African ape-human clade. In contrast, Neandertals and modern humans share derived wrist morphology that forms during embryogenesis, which diminishes the probability that pathology could result in the normal primitive state. This evidence indicates that LB1 is not a modern human with an undiagnosed pathology or growth defect; rather, it represents a species descended from a hominin ancestor that branched off before the origin of the clade that includes modern humans, Neandertals, and their last common ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tocheri, Matthew W -- Orr, Caley M -- Larson, Susan G -- Sutikna, Thomas -- Jatmiko -- Saptomo, E Wahyu -- Due, Rokus Awe -- Djubiantono, Tony -- Morwood, Michael J -- Jungers, William L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1743-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. tocherim@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carpal Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Wrist/*anatomy & histology
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, William -- Dagan, Tal -- Koonin, Eugene V -- Dipippo, Jonathan L -- Gogarten, J Peter -- Lake, James A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):542-3; author reply 542-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeal Proteins/chemistry ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry ; *Biological Evolution ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; Phagocytosis ; Prokaryotic Cells ; Proteins/*chemistry
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The presence of workers that forgo reproduction and care for their siblings is a defining feature of eusociality and a major challenge for evolutionary theory. It has been proposed that worker behavior evolved from maternal care behavior. We explored this idea by studying gene expression in the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes metricus. Because little genomic information existed for this species, we used 454 sequencing to generate 391,157 brain complementary DNA reads, resulting in robust hits to 3017 genes from the honey bee genome, from which we identified and assayed orthologs of 32 honey bee behaviorally related genes. Wasp brain gene expression in workers was more similar to that in foundresses, which show maternal care, than to that in queens and gynes, which do not. Insulin-related genes were among the differentially regulated genes, suggesting that the evolution of eusociality involved major nutritional and reproductive pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toth, Amy L -- Varala, Kranthi -- Newman, Thomas C -- Miguez, Fernando E -- Hutchison, Stephen K -- Willoughby, David A -- Simons, Jan Fredrik -- Egholm, Michael -- Hunt, James H -- Hudson, Matthew E -- Robinson, Gene E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):441-4. Epub 2007 Sep 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. amytoth@uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Insect ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Maternal Behavior ; Models, Animal ; Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Wasps/*genetics/metabolism/physiology
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: Humans have many cognitive skills not possessed by their nearest primate relatives. The cultural intelligence hypothesis argues that this is mainly due to a species-specific set of social-cognitive skills, emerging early in ontogeny, for participating and exchanging knowledge in cultural groups. We tested this hypothesis by giving a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests to large numbers of two of humans' closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and orangutans, as well as to 2.5-year-old human children before literacy and schooling. Supporting the cultural intelligence hypothesis and contradicting the hypothesis that humans simply have more "general intelligence," we found that the children and chimpanzees had very similar cognitive skills for dealing with the physical world but that the children had more sophisticated cognitive skills than either of the ape species for dealing with the social world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herrmann, Esther -- Call, Josep -- Hernandez-Lloreda, Maraa Victoria -- Hare, Brian -- Tomasello, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1360-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany. eherrman@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Child Development/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; Cultural Evolution ; *Culture ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Organ Size ; Pan troglodytes/*physiology ; Pongo pygmaeus/*physiology ; Species Specificity
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: The evolution of unusually large brains in some groups of animals, notably primates, has long been a puzzle. Although early explanations tended to emphasize the brain's role in sensory or technical competence (foraging skills, innovations, and way-finding), the balance of evidence now clearly favors the suggestion that it was the computational demands of living in large, complex societies that selected for large brains. However, recent analyses suggest that it may have been the particular demands of the more intense forms of pairbonding that was the critical factor that triggered this evolutionary development. This may explain why primate sociality seems to be so different from that found in most other birds and mammals: Primate sociality is based on bonded relationships of a kind that are found only in pairbonds in other taxa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunbar, R I M -- Shultz, Susanne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1344-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Academy Centenary Research Project, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liverpool.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; Brain/*physiology ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Mammals ; Organ Size ; Pair Bond ; Primates/*physiology ; *Social Behavior
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):390-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Differentiation ; Developmental Biology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Germ Cells/cytology/physiology ; Male ; Ovum/cytology ; *Reproduction ; Spermatozoa/cytology ; Stem Cells/cytology/physiology
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments (e.g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses (e.g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rensing, Stefan A -- Lang, Daniel -- Zimmer, Andreas D -- Terry, Astrid -- Salamov, Asaf -- Shapiro, Harris -- Nishiyama, Tomoaki -- Perroud, Pierre-Francois -- Lindquist, Erika A -- Kamisugi, Yasuko -- Tanahashi, Takako -- Sakakibara, Keiko -- Fujita, Tomomichi -- Oishi, Kazuko -- Shin-I, Tadasu -- Kuroki, Yoko -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Suzuki, Yutaka -- Hashimoto, Shin-Ichi -- Yamaguchi, Kazuo -- Sugano, Sumio -- Kohara, Yuji -- Fujiyama, Asao -- Anterola, Aldwin -- Aoki, Setsuyuki -- Ashton, Neil -- Barbazuk, W Brad -- Barker, Elizabeth -- Bennetzen, Jeffrey L -- Blankenship, Robert -- Cho, Sung Hyun -- Dutcher, Susan K -- Estelle, Mark -- Fawcett, Jeffrey A -- Gundlach, Heidrun -- Hanada, Kousuke -- Heyl, Alexander -- Hicks, Karen A -- Hughes, Jon -- Lohr, Martin -- Mayer, Klaus -- Melkozernov, Alexander -- Murata, Takashi -- Nelson, David R -- Pils, Birgit -- Prigge, Michael -- Reiss, Bernd -- Renner, Tanya -- Rombauts, Stephane -- Rushton, Paul J -- Sanderfoot, Anton -- Schween, Gabriele -- Shiu, Shin-Han -- Stueber, Kurt -- Theodoulou, Frederica L -- Tu, Hank -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Verrier, Paul J -- Waters, Elizabeth -- Wood, Andrew -- Yang, Lixing -- Cove, David -- Cuming, Andrew C -- Hasebe, Mitsuyasu -- Lucas, Susan -- Mishler, Brent D -- Reski, Ralf -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Quatrano, Ralph S -- Boore, Jeffrey L -- BBS/E/C/00004948/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):64-9. Epub 2007 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Angiosperms/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Bryopsida/*genetics/physiology ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics/physiology ; Computational Biology ; DNA Repair ; Dehydration ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Multigene Family ; Oryza/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mazur, Allan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attitude ; *Biological Evolution ; Educational Status ; Humans ; *Politics ; Religion ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1208-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*cytology/*physiology ; Cell Shape ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*cytology/*physiology ; Organ Size ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Thrombospondins/genetics/metabolism ; Whales/anatomy & histology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, Gene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):459-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012. hunte@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Paleontology ; Time
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):894-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Conserved Sequence ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Fishes/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; *Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; Mammals/genetics ; Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Vertebrates/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McInerney, James O -- Pisani, Davide -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1390-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland. james.o.mcinerney@nuim.ie〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/classification/genetics ; Bacteria/classification/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Escherichia coli/classification/*genetics ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Genes, Archaeal ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Speciation ; Phylogeny
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Fossils ; Gene Flow ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Sexual Behavior
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):925.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Europe ; *Religion and Science
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: A full understanding of primate morphological and genomic evolution requires the identification of their closest living relative. In order to resolve the ancestral relationships among primates and their closest relatives, we searched multispecies genome alignments for phylogenetically informative rare genomic changes within the superordinal group Euarchonta, which includes the orders Primates, Dermoptera (colugos), and Scandentia (treeshrews). We also constructed phylogenetic trees from 14 kilobases of nuclear genes for representatives from most major primate lineages, both extant colugos, and multiple treeshrews, including the pentail treeshrew, Ptilocercus lowii, the only living member of the family Ptilocercidae. A relaxed molecular clock analysis including Ptilocercus suggests that treeshrews arose approximately 63 million years ago. Our data show that colugos are the closest living relatives of primates and indicate that their divergence occurred in the Cretaceous.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janecka, Jan E -- Miller, Webb -- Pringle, Thomas H -- Wiens, Frank -- Zitzmann, Annette -- Helgen, Kristofer M -- Springer, Mark S -- Murphy, William J -- HG02238/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):792-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dna ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fossils ; Genome ; Humans ; Mammals/classification/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Primates/classification/*genetics ; Scandentia/classification/genetics ; Sequence Alignment
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Evolution by natural selection is driven by the continuous generation of adaptive mutations. We measured the genomic mutation rate that generates beneficial mutations and their effects on fitness in Escherichia coli under conditions in which the effect of competition between lineages carrying different beneficial mutations is minimized. We found a rate on the order of 10(-5) per genome per generation, which is 1000 times as high as previous estimates, and a mean selective advantage of 1%. Such a high rate of adaptive evolution has implications for the evolution of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perfeito, Lilia -- Fernandes, Lisete -- Mota, Catarina -- Gordo, Isabel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):813-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Rua da Quinta Grande, number 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/physiology ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Microsatellite Repeats ; *Mutation ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: Thorpe et al. (Reports, 1 June 2007, p. 1328) concluded that human bipedalism evolved from a type of bipedal posture they observed in extant orangutans with seemingly human-like extended knees. However, humans share knuckle-walking characters with African apes that are absent in orangutans. These are most parsimoniously explained by positing a knuckle-walking precursor to human bipedalism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Begun, D R -- Richmond, B G -- Strait, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1066; author reply 1066.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S2, Canada. begun@chass.utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Hand ; Hominidae/physiology ; Humans ; Pongo pygmaeus/*physiology ; Posture ; Trees ; *Walking
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wheelis, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):597.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; History, 19th Century
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: Although Whibley et al. (Reports, 18 August 2006, p. 963) argue for the presence of high-fitness ridges in the Antirrhinum floral-color adaptive landscape, their data are equally compatible with adaptive landscapes having a single peak and no ridges. Their demonstration of divergent selection across a hybrid zone argues against the presence of adaptive ridges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rausher, Mark D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):461; author reply 461.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA. mrausher@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Antirrhinum/classification/*genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Flowers/*genetics ; Genetic Speciation ; Genotype ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Phenotype ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Kenya ; Male ; Skull/anatomy & histology
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1558-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/metabolism ; *Cooking ; *Diet ; Digestion ; Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; Fires ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Humans ; Meat ; Paleodontology ; Paleontology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keeling, Patrick J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1875-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Botany Department, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada. pkeeling@interchange.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Genomics ; Giardia lamblia/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Organelles/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phylogeny
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritchie, Michael G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):54-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9AJ, UK. mgr@st-andrews.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Fathers ; Feathers ; Female ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Speciation ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: Theory suggests that the current rapid increase in connectivity and consequential changes in the structure of human, agricultural, and wildlife populations may select for parasite strains with higher infectivity. We carried out a test of this spatial theory by experimentally altering individual host movement rates in a model host/pathogen system by altering the viscosity of their environment. In our microevolutionary selection experiments, the infectivity of the virus was, as predicted by the theory, reduced in the most viscous populations. We therefore provide empirical support for the theory that population structure affects the evolution of infectious organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boots, Michael -- Mealor, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1284-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. m.boots@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Food ; Granulovirus/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Larva/physiology/virology ; Moths/physiology/*virology ; Movement ; Selection, Genetic ; Viscosity
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: Halkieriids and wiwaxiids are cosmopolitan sclerite-bearing metazoans from the Lower and Middle Cambrian. Although they have similar scleritomes, their phylogenetic position is contested. A new scleritomous fossil from the Burgess Shale has the prominent anterior shell of the halkieriids but also bears wiwaxiid-like sclerites. This new fossil defines the monophyletic halwaxiids and indicates that they have a key place in early lophotrochozoan history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morris, Simon Conway -- Caron, Jean-Bernard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1255-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK. sc113@esc.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Annelida/anatomy & histology/classification ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Invertebrates/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Mollusca/anatomy & histology/classification ; Phylogeny
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The genome of the eukaryotic protist Giardia lamblia, an important human intestinal parasite, is compact in structure and content, contains few introns or mitochondrial relics, and has simplified machinery for DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and most metabolic pathways. Protein kinases comprise the single largest protein class and reflect Giardia's requirement for a complex signal transduction network for coordinating differentiation. Lateral gene transfer from bacterial and archaeal donors has shaped Giardia's genome, and previously unknown gene families, for example, cysteine-rich structural proteins, have been discovered. Unexpectedly, the genome shows little evidence of heterozygosity, supporting recent speculations that this organism is sexual. This genome sequence will not only be valuable for investigating the evolution of eukaryotes, but will also be applied to the search for new therapeutics for this parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, Hilary G -- McArthur, Andrew G -- Gillin, Frances D -- Aley, Stephen B -- Adam, Rodney D -- Olsen, Gary J -- Best, Aaron A -- Cande, W Zacheus -- Chen, Feng -- Cipriano, Michael J -- Davids, Barbara J -- Dawson, Scott C -- Elmendorf, Heidi G -- Hehl, Adrian B -- Holder, Michael E -- Huse, Susan M -- Kim, Ulandt U -- Lasek-Nesselquist, Erica -- Manning, Gerard -- Nigam, Anuranjini -- Nixon, Julie E J -- Palm, Daniel -- Passamaneck, Nora E -- Prabhu, Anjali -- Reich, Claudia I -- Reiner, David S -- Samuelson, John -- Svard, Staffan G -- Sogin, Mitchell L -- AI42488/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI43273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI51687/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048082/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1921-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USA. morrison@mbl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA Replication/genetics ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Genomics ; Giardia lamblia/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1854.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; *Invertebrates/classification ; *Minor Planets
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: Interbreeding between species (hybridization) typically produces unfit offspring. Reduced hybridization should therefore be favored by natural selection. However, this is difficult to accomplish because hybridization also sets the stage for genetic recombination to dissociate species-specific traits from the preferences for them. Here we show that this association is maintained by physical linkage (on the same chromosome) in two hybridizing Ficedula flycatchers. By analyzing the mating patterns of female hybrids and cross-fostered offspring, we demonstrate that species recognition is inherited on the Z chromosome, which is also the known location of species-specific male plumage traits and genes causing low hybrid fitness. Limited recombination on the Z chromosome maintains associations of Z-linked genes despite hybridization, suggesting that the sex chromosomes may be a hotspot for adaptive speciation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saether, Stein A -- Saetre, Glenn-Peter -- Borge, Thomas -- Wiley, Chris -- Svedin, Nina -- Andersson, Gunilla -- Veen, Thor -- Haavie, Jon -- Servedio, Maria R -- Bures, Stanislav -- Kral, Miroslav -- Hjernquist, Marten B -- Gustafsson, Lars -- Traff, Johan -- Qvarnstrom, Anna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Population Biology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Post Office Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. s.a.sather@bio.uio.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Feathers ; Female ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Speciation ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: Unlike most of its close relatives, Arabidopsis thaliana is capable of self-pollination. In other members of the mustard family, outcrossing is ensured by the complex self-incompatibility (S) locus,which harbors multiple diverged specificity haplotypes that effectively prevent selfing. We investigated the role of the S locus in the evolution of and transition to selfing in A. thaliana. We found that the S locus of A. thaliana harbored considerable diversity, which is an apparent remnant of polymorphism in the outcrossing ancestor. Thus, the fixation of a single inactivated S-locus allele cannot have been a key step in the transition to selfing. An analysis of the genome-wide pattern of linkage disequilibrium suggests that selfing most likely evolved roughly a million years ago or more.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Chunlao -- Toomajian, Christopher -- Sherman-Broyles, Susan -- Plagnol, Vincent -- Guo, Ya-Long -- Hu, Tina T -- Clark, Richard M -- Nasrallah, June B -- Weigel, Detlef -- Nordborg, Magnus -- GM62932/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002790/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062932/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1070-2. Epub 2007 Jul 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; *Genes, Plant ; Genetic Drift ; Haplotypes ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Plant Proteins/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Kinases/*genetics ; *Pseudogenes ; Reproduction/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arrow, Holly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):581-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, and the Institute of Cognitive and Decision Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA. harrow@uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Models, Psychological ; *Social Behavior ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: Fossil evidence for changes in dinosaurs near the lineage leading to birds and the origin of flight has been sparse. A dinosaur from Mongolia represents the basal divergence within Dromaeosauridae. The taxon's small body size and phylogenetic position imply that extreme miniaturization was ancestral for Paraves (the clade including Avialae, Troodontidae, and Dromaeosauridae), phylogenetically earlier than where flight evolution is strongly inferred. In contrast to the sustained small body sizes among avialans throughout the Cretaceous Period, the two dinosaurian lineages most closely related to birds, dromaeosaurids and troodontids, underwent four independent events of gigantism, and in some lineages size increased by nearly three orders of magnitude. Thus, change in theropod body size leading to flight's origin was not unidirectional.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, Alan H -- Pol, Diego -- Clarke, Julia A -- Erickson, Gregory M -- Norell, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1378-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA. turner@amnh.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/anatomy & histology ; *Body Size ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/classification ; *Flight, Animal ; Fossils ; Mongolia ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, Jeffrey H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1065; author reply 1065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Pongo pygmaeus/*physiology ; Posture ; *Walking
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, Jeffrey H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1077.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Developmental Biology/*history ; Genetics/*history ; Great Britain ; History, 19th Century
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Higgins, Paul -- Elton, Sarah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1292-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Functional Morphology and Evolution Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK. paul.ohiggins@hyms.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Hand/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; *Locomotion ; Pongo pygmaeus/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Posture ; *Trees ; *Walking
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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