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  • 1
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    TEM observation of a tungsten oxide film formed by the electric current heating method using a tungsten wire (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-05
    Description: A tungsten wire was heated by applying an electric current. It started to incandesce and give off smoke immediately after applying the electric current. The smoke branched symmetrically into three plumes. The smoke reached a substrate placed above the wire and formed a film. This film could be classified into two regions based on visible observations. Crystals immediately above the wire were spherical, whereas octahedral crystals were formed in other regions. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the spherical and octahedral crystals had facets. This paper discusses possible growth mechanisms for these crystals.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Effects of coating thickness on characteristics of hot spot oxygen sensor consisting of GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ coat and Gd 2 BaCuO 5 core (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-01
    Description: A composite ceramic rod of GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ with Gd 2 BaCuO 5 core was prepared using a dip coater. With increasing coating time, the thickness of GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ increased and resistance of the rod decreased. When a certain voltage was applied to the rod, a hot spot appeared and the current changed according with the oxygen partial pressure P o 2 . The 90% response time became short as the coating thickness decreased. Compared with a single phase GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ rod, the composite rod exhibited a significantly quick response especially in low P o 2 .
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Effects of sintering atmosphere controlled using carbon pellet on translucency of AlN ceramics (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-20
    Description: Translucent AlN ceramics were sintered with a carbon pellet in order to control the CO gas surrounding the sample during sintering. The total transmittance of the ceramics increased by sintering with the carbon pellet because of the decrease of light scattering. One of causes of the light scattering was the presence of calcium aluminates at grain boundaries. The light scattering can be controlled by the CO gas using the carbon pellet.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Transmittance of A1N ceramics sintered with Ca 3 Al 2 0 6 and carbon (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-20
    Description: Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics were sintered at 1850°C for 5 h with 2 mass% Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 and 0 – 1.0 mass% carbon as sintering additives. With increasing amount of carbon, the transmittance increased, and took its maximum value at 0.5 mass% carbon. The addition of 1.0 mass% carbon prevented the densification, resulting in the decrease of transmittance. It was found that the appropriate amount of carbon was effective for the elimination of residual Ca-Al-O compounds in AlN ceramics.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Coloration and thermoluminescence of translucent AlN ceramics sintered with Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 as sintering additive (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-05
    Description: Coloration of translucent AlN ceramics sintered with Ca 3 Al 2 O 6 as a sintering additive occurs by exposure to ultraviolet light. The trap related to this coloration was investigated by thermoluminescence (TL) measurements. With increasing oxygen content, the TL intensity increased, reflecting an increase in the trap concentration in the samples. The thermal activation energy of the trap also decreased with decreasing defect density. The trap is considered to be an oxygen-induced defect.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Cathodo- and photoluminescence of (H 3 O)Al 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 :Cu synthesized under hydrothermal conditions (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-05
    Description: Copper-doped hydronium alunite ((H 3 O)Al 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 :Cu) was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions (240 °C, 60 min) from copper nitrate and aluminium nitrate solutions mixed with elemental sulfur. SEM and XRD measurements revealed that pseudocubic crystals of hydronium alunite and a small amount of boehmite rods coexisted in the resultant product. XPS measurements revealed the presence of monovalent copper (Cu + ). Blue cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence were observed at about 414 and 419 nm, respectively. Two photoluminescence excitation bands were found at 295 and 325 nm. The excitation and emission processes for photoluminescence may involve the 3d 10 ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/leftrightarrow.gif] {leftrightarrow} 3d 9 4s 1 transition of the Cu + ion. (H 3 O)Al 3
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Effects of distance between tungsten wire and glass substrate on particle size and photochromic characteristic of tungsten oxide prepared by electric current heating method (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-15
    Description: Tungsten oxide films consisting of particles were prepared on the substrates placed at various distances from the tungsten wires heated by electric current. The shapes of the particles were sphere in an area on the substrate just above the wire while octahedral shape was found in other area. For the spherical particles, with increasing the distance, the mean particle diameter increased, reached its maximum value and gradually decreased. The particles in each area showed the photochromism especially in near-infrared region. The spherical particles with the smallest size exhibited a significant photochromic effect which could be controlled by changing the distance between the wire and the substrate.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-20
    Description: Lancelets ('amphioxus') are the modern survivors of an ancient chordate lineage, with a fossil record dating back to the Cambrian period. Here we describe the structure and gene content of the highly polymorphic approximately 520-megabase genome of the Florida lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, and analyse it in the context of chordate evolution. Whole-genome comparisons illuminate the murky relationships among the three chordate groups (tunicates, lancelets and vertebrates), and allow not only reconstruction of the gene complement of the last common chordate ancestor but also partial reconstruction of its genomic organization, as well as a description of two genome-wide duplications and subsequent reorganizations in the vertebrate lineage. These genome-scale events shaped the vertebrate genome and provided additional genetic variation for exploitation during vertebrate evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Putnam, Nicholas H -- Butts, Thomas -- Ferrier, David E K -- Furlong, Rebecca F -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Kawashima, Takeshi -- Robinson-Rechavi, Marc -- Shoguchi, Eiichi -- Terry, Astrid -- Yu, Jr-Kai -- Benito-Gutierrez, E Lia -- Dubchak, Inna -- Garcia-Fernandez, Jordi -- Gibson-Brown, Jeremy J -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Horton, Amy C -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Kohara, Yuji -- Kuroki, Yoko -- Lindquist, Erika -- Lucas, Susan -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Salamov, Asaf A -- Satou, Yutaka -- Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Shin-I, Tadasu -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Bronner-Fraser, Marianne -- Fujiyama, Asao -- Holland, Linda Z -- Holland, Peter W H -- Satoh, Nori -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- BBS/B/12067/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/12067/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):1064-71. doi: 10.1038/nature06967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chordata/classification/*genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes/genetics ; Genetic Linkage ; Genome/*genetics ; Humans ; Introns/genetics ; Karyotyping ; Multigene Family ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Proteins/genetics ; Synteny ; Time Factors ; Vertebrates/classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments (e.g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses (e.g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rensing, Stefan A -- Lang, Daniel -- Zimmer, Andreas D -- Terry, Astrid -- Salamov, Asaf -- Shapiro, Harris -- Nishiyama, Tomoaki -- Perroud, Pierre-Francois -- Lindquist, Erika A -- Kamisugi, Yasuko -- Tanahashi, Takako -- Sakakibara, Keiko -- Fujita, Tomomichi -- Oishi, Kazuko -- Shin-I, Tadasu -- Kuroki, Yoko -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Suzuki, Yutaka -- Hashimoto, Shin-Ichi -- Yamaguchi, Kazuo -- Sugano, Sumio -- Kohara, Yuji -- Fujiyama, Asao -- Anterola, Aldwin -- Aoki, Setsuyuki -- Ashton, Neil -- Barbazuk, W Brad -- Barker, Elizabeth -- Bennetzen, Jeffrey L -- Blankenship, Robert -- Cho, Sung Hyun -- Dutcher, Susan K -- Estelle, Mark -- Fawcett, Jeffrey A -- Gundlach, Heidrun -- Hanada, Kousuke -- Heyl, Alexander -- Hicks, Karen A -- Hughes, Jon -- Lohr, Martin -- Mayer, Klaus -- Melkozernov, Alexander -- Murata, Takashi -- Nelson, David R -- Pils, Birgit -- Prigge, Michael -- Reiss, Bernd -- Renner, Tanya -- Rombauts, Stephane -- Rushton, Paul J -- Sanderfoot, Anton -- Schween, Gabriele -- Shiu, Shin-Han -- Stueber, Kurt -- Theodoulou, Frederica L -- Tu, Hank -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Verrier, Paul J -- Waters, Elizabeth -- Wood, Andrew -- Yang, Lixing -- Cove, David -- Cuming, Andrew C -- Hasebe, Mitsuyasu -- Lucas, Susan -- Mishler, Brent D -- Reski, Ralf -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Quatrano, Ralph S -- Boore, Jeffrey L -- BBS/E/C/00004948/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):64-9. Epub 2007 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Angiosperms/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Bryopsida/*genetics/physiology ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics/physiology ; Computational Biology ; DNA Repair ; Dehydration ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Multigene Family ; Oryza/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Magnetization reversal of the domain structure in the anti-perovskite nitride Co3FeN investigated by high-resolution X-ray microscopy (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: We performed X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) photoemission electron microscopy imaging to reveal the magnetic domain structure of anti-perovskite nitride Co 3 FeN exhibiting a negative spin polarization. In square and disc patterns, we systematically and quantitatively determined the statistics of the stable states as a function of geometry. By direct imaging during the application of a magnetic field, we revealed the magnetic reversal process in a spatially resolved manner. We compared the hysteresis on the continuous area and the square patterns from the magnetic field-dependent XMCD ratio, which can be explained as resulting from the effect of the shape anisotropy, present in nanostructured thin films.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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