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  • 101
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    An essential role for LEDGF/p75 in HIV integration (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: Chromosomal integration enables human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to establish a permanent reservoir that can be therapeutically suppressed but not eradicated. Participation of cellular proteins in this obligate replication step is poorly understood. We used intensified RNA interference and dominant-negative protein approaches to show that the cellular transcriptional coactivator lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 (p75) is an essential HIV integration cofactor. The mechanism requires both linkages of a molecular tether that p75 forms between integrase and chromatin. Fractionally minute levels of endogenous p75 are sufficient to enable integration, showing that cellular factors that engage HIV after entry may elude identification in less intensive knockdowns. Perturbing the p75-integrase interaction may have therapeutic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Llano, Manuel -- Saenz, Dyana T -- Meehan, Anne -- Wongthida, Phonphimon -- Peretz, Mary -- Walker, William H -- Teo, Wulin -- Poeschla, Eric M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):461-4. Epub 2006 Sep 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/*virology ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; HIV Integrase/*metabolism ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; *Virus Integration ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 102
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    Immunology. Unraveling gut inflammation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strober, Warren -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1052-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892-1890. USA. wstrober@niaid.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Bacteria/growth & development/*immunology ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Crohn Disease/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/microbiology ; Gastroenteritis/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*immunology/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Lectins, C-Type/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Mice ; Paneth Cells/*metabolism ; Peptidoglycan/metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; alpha-Defensins/biosynthesis/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 103
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    Animal activism and intimidation of scientists (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowan, Andrew N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):923-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17106947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Humans ; *Research Personnel ; *Societies ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 104
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    Sequencing and analysis of Neanderthal genomic DNA (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-18
    Beschreibung: Our knowledge of Neanderthals is based on a limited number of remains and artifacts from which we must make inferences about their biology, behavior, and relationship to ourselves. Here, we describe the characterization of these extinct hominids from a new perspective, based on the development of a Neanderthal metagenomic library and its high-throughput sequencing and analysis. Several lines of evidence indicate that the 65,250 base pairs of hominid sequence so far identified in the library are of Neanderthal origin, the strongest being the ascertainment of sequence identities between Neanderthal and chimpanzee at sites where the human genomic sequence is different. These results enabled us to calculate the human-Neanderthal divergence time based on multiple randomly distributed autosomal loci. Our analyses suggest that on average the Neanderthal genomic sequence we obtained and the reference human genome sequence share a most recent common ancestor approximately 706,000 years ago, and that the human and Neanderthal ancestral populations split approximately 370,000 years ago, before the emergence of anatomically modern humans. Our finding that the Neanderthal and human genomes are at least 99.5% identical led us to develop and successfully implement a targeted method for recovering specific ancient DNA sequences from metagenomic libraries. This initial analysis of the Neanderthal genome advances our understanding of the evolutionary relationship of Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis and signifies the dawn of Neanderthal genomics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583069/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583069/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noonan, James P -- Coop, Graham -- Kudaravalli, Sridhar -- Smith, Doug -- Krause, Johannes -- Alessi, Joe -- Chen, Feng -- Platt, Darren -- Paabo, Svante -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- Rubin, Edward M -- 1-F32-GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772-1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 17;314(5802):1113-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Nucleus ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; *Fossils ; Gene Pool ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomic Library ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 105
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    Science education. A strategy that works: hook 'em while they're young (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; Science/*education ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 106
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    When does "economic man" dominate social behavior? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-10
    Beschreibung: The canonical model in economics considers people to be rational and self-regarding. However, much evidence challenges this view, raising the question of when "Economic Man" dominates the outcome of social interactions, and when bounded rationality or other-regarding preferences dominate. Here we show that strategic incentives are the key to answering this question. A minority of self-regarding individuals can trigger a "noncooperative" aggregate outcome if their behavior generates incentives for the majority of other-regarding individuals to mimic the minority's behavior. Likewise, a minority of other-regarding individuals can generate a "cooperative" aggregate outcome if their behavior generates incentives for a majority of self-regarding people to behave cooperatively. Similarly, in strategic games, aggregate outcomes can be either far from or close to Nash equilibrium if players with high degrees of strategic thinking mimic or erase the effects of others who do very little strategic thinking. Recently developed theories of other-regarding preferences and bounded rationality explain these findings and provide better predictions of actual aggregate behavior than does traditional economic theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Camerer, Colin F -- Fehr, Ernst -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):47-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. camerer@hss.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Competitive Behavior ; Cooperative Behavior ; Forecasting ; Game Theory ; Humans ; Investments ; Models, Economic ; Models, Psychological ; *Motivation ; *Social Behavior ; Thinking
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 107
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    On making the right choice: the deliberation-without-attention effect (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-18
    Beschreibung: Contrary to conventional wisdom, it is not always advantageous to engage in thorough conscious deliberation before choosing. On the basis of recent insights into the characteristics of conscious and unconscious thought, we tested the hypothesis that simple choices (such as between different towels or different sets of oven mitts) indeed produce better results after conscious thought, but that choices in complex matters (such as between different houses or different cars) should be left to unconscious thought. Named the "deliberation-without-attention" hypothesis, it was confirmed in four studies on consumer choice, both in the laboratory as well as among actual shoppers, that purchases of complex products were viewed more favorably when decisions had been made in the absence of attentive deliberation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dijksterhuis, Ap -- Bos, Maarten W -- Nordgren, Loran F -- van Baaren, Rick B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):1005-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. a.j.dijksterhuis@uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Attention ; Attitude ; *Choice Behavior ; Consumer Behavior ; Humans ; *Thinking ; Unconscious (Psychology)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 108
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    Increase in foreign grad students (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeh, Robert M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):848.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Education, Graduate ; *Emigration and Immigration ; *Employment ; Humans ; *Internationality ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 109
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    Collaborative programs. Genome Consortium for Active Teaching (GCAT) (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, A Malcolm -- Eckdahl, Todd T -- Fowlks, Edison -- Heyer, Laurie J -- Mays Hoopes, Laura L -- Ledbetter, Mary Lee -- Rosenwald, Anne G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1103-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA. macampbell@davidson.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Curriculum ; Faculty ; Genomics/*education ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*education ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Software ; *Teaching ; Teaching Materials ; United States ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 110
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    Reproductive social behavior: cooperative games to replace sexual selection (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-18
    Beschreibung: Theories about sexual selection can be traced back to Darwin in 1871. He proposed that males fertilize as many females as possible with inexpensive sperm, whereas females, with a limited supply of large eggs, select the genetically highest quality males to endow their offspring with superior capabilities. Since its proposal, problems with this narrative have continued to accumulate, and it is our view that sexual selection theory needs to be replaced. We suggest an approach that relies on the exchange of direct ecological benefits among cooperating animals without reference to genetic benefits. This approach can be expressed mathematically in a branch of game theory that pertains to bargaining and side payments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roughgarden, Joan -- Oishi, Meeko -- Akcay, Erol -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):965-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. joan.roughgarden@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Charadriiformes/physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; Mathematics ; Oviposition ; Perciformes/physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 111
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    Losartan, an AT1 antagonist, prevents aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-08
    Beschreibung: Aortic aneurysm and dissection are manifestations of Marfan syndrome (MFS), a disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes fibrillin-1. Selected manifestations of MFS reflect excessive signaling by the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of cytokines. We show that aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of MFS is associated with increased TGF-beta signaling and can be prevented by TGF-beta antagonists such as TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker, losartan. AT1 antagonism also partially reversed noncardiovascular manifestations of MFS, including impaired alveolar septation. These data suggest that losartan, a drug already in clinical use for hypertension, merits investigation as a therapeutic strategy for patients with MFS and has the potential to prevent the major life-threatening manifestation of this disorder.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482474/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482474/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Habashi, Jennifer P -- Judge, Daniel P -- Holm, Tammy M -- Cohn, Ronald D -- Loeys, Bart L -- Cooper, Timothy K -- Myers, Loretha -- Klein, Erin C -- Liu, Guosheng -- Calvi, Carla -- Podowski, Megan -- Neptune, Enid R -- Halushka, Marc K -- Bedja, Djahida -- Gabrielson, Kathleen -- Rifkin, Daniel B -- Carta, Luca -- Ramirez, Francesco -- Huso, David L -- Dietz, Harry C -- K08 HL067056/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):117-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Aorta/pathology ; Aortic Aneurysm/etiology/*prevention & control ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Elastic Tissue/pathology ; Female ; Losartan/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/drug therapy/pathology ; Marfan Syndrome/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Propranolol/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 112
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    Receptor activation alters inner surface potential during phagocytosis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-22
    Beschreibung: The surface potential of biological membranes varies according to their lipid composition. We devised genetically encoded probes to assess surface potential in intact cells. These probes revealed marked, localized alterations in the charge of the inner surface of the plasma membrane of macrophages during the course of phagocytosis. Hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and displacement of phosphatidylserine accounted for the change in surface potential at the phagosomal cup. Signaling molecules such as K-Ras, Rac1, and c-Src that are targeted to the membrane by electrostatic interactions were rapidly released from membrane subdomains where the surface charge was altered by lipid remodeling during phagocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeung, Tony -- Terebiznik, Mauricio -- Yu, Liming -- Silvius, John -- Abidi, Wasif M -- Philips, Mark -- Levine, Tim -- Kapus, Andras -- Grinstein, Sergio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):347-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cell Biology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Department, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*physiology ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Ionomycin/pharmacology ; Lipid Bilayers/metabolism ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Molecular Probes/metabolism ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Opsonin Proteins ; Peptides/metabolism ; *Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/physiology ; Phospholipids/analysis/metabolism ; Receptors, Fc/immunology/metabolism ; Static Electricity ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein ; ras Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 113
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    Neuroscience. Neuron, know thy neighbor (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiCicco-Bloom, Emanuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1560-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology/Pediatrics (Neurology), University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. diciccem@umdnj.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adherens Junctions/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/*embryology ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Central Nervous System/cytology/embryology ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Hyperplasia ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; alpha Catenin/genetics/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Transcription. Gene expression needs a break to unwind before carrying on (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haince, Jean-Francois -- Rouleau, Michele -- Poirier, Guy G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1752-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University Medical Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Repair ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/*metabolism ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/*metabolism ; Response Elements ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Sequential interplay of nicotinic and GABAergic signaling guides neuronal development (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), the major inhibitory transmitter in the brain, goes through a transitory phase of excitation during development. The excitatory phase promotes neuronal growth and integration into circuits. We show here that spontaneous nicotinic cholinergic activity is responsible for terminating GABAergic excitation and initiating inhibition. It does so by changing chloride transporter levels, shifting the driving force on GABA-induced currents. The timing of the transition is critical, because the two phases of GABAergic signaling provide contrasting developmental instructions. Synergistic with nicotinic excitation, GABAergic inhibition constrains neuronal morphology and innervation. The results reveal a multitiered activity-dependent strategy controlling neuronal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Zhaoping -- Neff, Robert A -- Berg, Darwin K -- NS012601/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS035469/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1610-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/cytology/embryology ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Nicotine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/metabolism ; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2 ; Symporters/genetics/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 116
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    Science and government. Enhanced: in defense of NCCAM (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Straus, Stephen E -- Chesney, Margaret A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):303-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Advisory Committees ; *Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; *Complementary Therapies/standards/utilization ; Dietary Supplements/standards ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Peer Review, Research ; Politics ; Public Policy ; Quality Control ; Research Design ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Sociology. Experimental macro sociology: predicting the next best seller (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedstrom, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):786-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nuffield College, University of Oxford, New Road, Oxford OX1 1NF, UK. peter.hedstrom@nuffield.oxford.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Consumer Behavior ; Culture ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Internet ; Interpersonal Relations ; Music ; *Social Behavior ; *Sociology/methods
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 118
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    Public health. Is polio eradication realistic? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arita, Isao -- Nakane, Miyuki -- Fenner, Frank -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):852-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agency for Cooperation in International Health, Kumamoto-City, 862-0901, Japan. arita@acih.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Africa/epidemiology ; Asia/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developing Countries ; Endemic Diseases ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; India/epidemiology ; International Cooperation ; Mass Vaccination ; Poliomyelitis/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Poliovirus/genetics/pathogenicity ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated ; *Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/adverse effects/supply & distribution ; Politics ; Population Growth ; Population Surveillance ; World Health Organization
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 119
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    Five rules for the evolution of cooperation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Here I discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. For each mechanism, a simple rule is derived that specifies whether natural selection can lead to cooperation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279745/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279745/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowak, Martin A -- 1R01GM078986-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078986/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078986-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. martin_nowak@harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; Community Networks ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Family ; Game Theory ; Helping Behavior ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 120
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    ATP release guides neutrophil chemotaxis via P2Y2 and A3 receptors (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-16
    Beschreibung: Cells must amplify external signals to orient and migrate in chemotactic gradient fields. We find that human neutrophils release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the leading edge of the cell surface to amplify chemotactic signals and direct cell orientation by feedback through P2Y2 nucleotide receptors. Neutrophils rapidly hydrolyze released ATP to adenosine that then acts via A3-type adenosine receptors, which are recruited to the leading edge, to promote cell migration. Thus, ATP release and autocrine feedback through P2Y2 and A3 receptors provide signal amplification, controlling gradient sensing and migration of neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Yu -- Corriden, Ross -- Inoue, Yoshiaki -- Yip, Linda -- Hashiguchi, Naoyuki -- Zinkernagel, Annelies -- Nizet, Victor -- Insel, Paul A -- Junger, Wolfgang G -- GM-60475/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-66232/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- PR043034/PR/OCPHP CDC HHS/ -- R01 GM-51477/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1792-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists ; Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Autocrine Communication ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neutrophils/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists ; Receptor, Adenosine A3/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2 ; Signal Transduction ; Suramin/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 121
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    Extending top-down mass spectrometry to proteins with masses greater than 200 kilodaltons (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: For characterization of sequence and posttranslational modifications, molecular and fragment ion mass data from ionizing and dissociating a protein in the mass spectrometer are far more specific than are masses of peptides from the protein's digestion. We extend the approximately 500-residue, approximately 50-kilodalton (kD) dissociation limitation of this top-down methodology by using electrospray additives, heated vaporization, and separate noncovalent and covalent bond dissociation. This process can cleave 287 interresidue bonds in the termini of a 1314-residue (144-kD) protein, specify previously unidentified disulfide bonds between 8 of 27 cysteines in a 1714-residue (200-kD) protein, and correct sequence predictions in two proteins, one with 2153 residues (229 kD).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, Xuemei -- Jin, Mi -- Breuker, Kathrin -- McLafferty, Fred W -- GM16609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):109-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acyltransferases/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Complement C4/chemistry ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Molecular Weight ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Proteomics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/*methods
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Stem cell research. South Korea picks up the pieces (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1298-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research/trends ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; Korea ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Research Support as Topic ; Scientific Misconduct ; *Stem Cells
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    The high cost of coming to America (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teich, Al -- White, Wendy D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):657.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; *Foreign Professional Personnel ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Security Measures ; *Students ; Travel ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Lamin A-dependent nuclear defects in human aging (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-29
    Beschreibung: Mutations in the nuclear structural protein lamin A cause the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (HGPS). Whether lamin A plays any role in normal aging is unknown. We show that the same molecular mechanism responsible for HGPS is active in healthy cells. Cell nuclei from old individuals acquire defects similar to those of HGPS patient cells, including changes in histone modifications and increased DNA damage. Age-related nuclear defects are caused by sporadic use, in healthy individuals, of the same cryptic splice site in lamin A whose constitutive activation causes HGPS. Inhibition of this splice site reverses the nuclear defects associated with aging. These observations implicate lamin A in physiological aging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855250/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855250/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scaffidi, Paola -- Misteli, Tom -- Z01 BC010309-07/BC/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):1059-63. Epub 2006 Apr 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/pathology ; DNA Damage ; Exons ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Lamin Type A/genetics/*physiology ; Progeria/genetics/pathology ; RNA Splicing/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Why suicide rates are high in China (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1942072/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1942072/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eddleston, Michael -- Gunnell, David -- 063560/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1711-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China/epidemiology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Poisoning/epidemiology/mortality ; Sri Lanka/epidemiology ; Suicide/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Suicide, Attempted/*statistics & numerical data
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Genetic variant BDNF (Val66Met) polymorphism alters anxiety-related behavior (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: A common single-nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, a methionine (Met) substitution for valine (Val) at codon 66 (Val66Met), is associated with alterations in brain anatomy and memory, but its relevance to clinical disorders is unclear. We generated a variant BDNF mouse (BDNF(Met/Met)) that reproduces the phenotypic hallmarks in humans with the variant allele. BDNF(Met) was expressed in brain at normal levels, but its secretion from neurons was defective. When placed in stressful settings, BDNF(Met/Met) mice exhibited increased anxiety-related behaviors that were not normalized by the antidepressant, fluoxetine. A variant BDNF may thus play a key role in genetic predispositions to anxiety and depressive disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1880880/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1880880/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Zhe-Yu -- Jing, Deqiang -- Bath, Kevin G -- Ieraci, Alessandro -- Khan, Tanvir -- Siao, Chia-Jen -- Herrera, Daniel G -- Toth, Miklos -- Yang, Chingwen -- McEwen, Bruce S -- Hempstead, Barbara L -- Lee, Francis S -- MH060478/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH068850/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052819/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30687/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS052819/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):140-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA. zheyuchen@sdu.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; Anxiety/drug therapy/*genetics ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology ; Fear ; Fluoxetine/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Activity ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Organ Size ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Origins of HIV and the evolution of resistance to AIDS (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: The cross-species transmission of lentiviruses from African primates to humans has selected viral adaptations which have subsequently facilitated human-to-human transmission. HIV adapts not only by positive selection through mutation but also by recombination of segments of its genome in individuals who become multiply infected. Naturally infected nonhuman primates are relatively resistant to AIDS-like disease despite high plasma viral loads and sustained viral evolution. Further understanding of host resistance factors and the mechanisms of disease in natural primate hosts may provide insight into unexplored therapeutic avenues for the prevention of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heeney, Jonathan L -- Dalgleish, Angus G -- Weiss, Robin A -- G8712499/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 A148225-01A2/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):462-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk 2280 GH, Netherlands. heeney@bprc.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/transmission/*virology ; Africa ; Animals ; Disease Progression ; Disease Reservoirs ; *Evolution, Molecular ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/classification/*genetics/physiology ; HIV-2/genetics ; HLA Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/virology ; Primates/virology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    A bacterial protein enhances the release and efficacy of liposomal cancer drugs (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-25
    Beschreibung: Clostridium novyi-NT is an anaerobic bacterium that can infect hypoxic regions within experimental tumors. Because C. novyi-NT lyses red blood cells, we hypothesized that its membrane-disrupting properties could be exploited to enhance the release of liposome-encapsulated drugs within tumors. Here, we show that treatment of mice bearing large, established tumors with C. novyi-NT plus a single dose of liposomal doxorubicin often led to eradication of the tumors. The bacterial factor responsible for the enhanced drug release was identified as a previously unrecognized protein termed liposomase. This protein could potentially be incorporated into diverse experimental approaches for the specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheong, Ian -- Huang, Xin -- Bettegowda, Chetan -- Diaz, Luis A Jr -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Zhou, Shibin -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1308-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Camptothecin/administration & dosage/analogs & ; derivatives/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Clostridium/*chemistry/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Doxorubicin/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Drug Carriers ; Humans ; Lipase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Liposomes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 129
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    Large-scale sequence analysis of avian influenza isolates (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-28
    Beschreibung: The spread of H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from China to Europe has raised global concern about their potential to infect humans and cause a pandemic. In spite of their substantial threat to human health, remarkably little AIV whole-genome information is available. We report here a preliminary analysis of the first large-scale sequencing of AIVs, including 2196 AIV genes and 169 complete genomes. We combine this new information with public AIV data to identify new gene alleles, persistent genotypes, compensatory mutations, and a potential virulence determinant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Obenauer, John C -- Denson, Jackie -- Mehta, Perdeep K -- Su, Xiaoping -- Mukatira, Suraj -- Finkelstein, David B -- Xu, Xiequn -- Wang, Jinhua -- Ma, Jing -- Fan, Yiping -- Rakestraw, Karen M -- Webster, Robert G -- Hoffmann, Erich -- Krauss, Scott -- Zheng, Jie -- Zhang, Ziwei -- Naeve, Clayton W -- AI95357/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069916/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1576-80. Epub 2006 Jan 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Birds/virology ; Computational Biology ; *Genes, Viral ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/chemistry/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A virus/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Virulence Factors/*chemistry/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    ATM engages autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 after DNA damage (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-26
    Beschreibung: The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is a critical component of a DNA-damage response network configured to maintain genomic integrity. The abundance of an essential downstream effecter of this pathway, the tumor suppressor protein p53, is tightly regulated by controlled degradation through COP1 and other E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as MDM2 and Pirh2; however, the signal transduction pathway that regulates the COP1-p53 axis following DNA damage remains enigmatic. We observed that in response to DNA damage, ATM phosphorylated COP1 on Ser(387) and stimulated a rapid autodegradation mechanism. Ionizing radiation triggered an ATM-dependent movement of COP1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and ATM-dependent phosphorylation of COP1 on Ser(387) was both necessary and sufficient to disrupt the COP1-p53 complex and subsequently to abrogate the ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Furthermore, phosphorylation of COP1 on Ser(387) was required to permit p53 to become stabilized and to exert its tumor suppressor properties in response to DNA damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornan, David -- Shimizu, Harumi -- Mah, Angie -- Dudhela, Tanay -- Eby, Michael -- O'rourke, Karen -- Seshagiri, Somasekar -- Dixit, Vishva M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1122-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Neurochemical modulation of response inhibition and probabilistic learning in humans (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Cognitive functions dependent on the prefrontal cortex, such as the ability to suppress behavior (response inhibition) and to learn from complex feedback (probabilistic learning), play critical roles in activities of daily life. To what extent do different neurochemical systems modulate these two cognitive functions? Here, using stop-signal and probabilistic learning tasks, we show a double dissociation for the involvement of noradrenaline and serotonin in human cognition. In healthy volunteers, inhibition of central noradrenaline reuptake improved response inhibition but had no effect on probabilistic learning, whereas inhibition of central serotonin reuptake impaired probabilistic learning with no effect on response inhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867315/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867315/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, Samuel R -- Muller, Ulrich -- Blackwell, Andrew D -- Clark, Luke -- Robbins, Trevor W -- Sahakian, Barbara J -- 076274/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0001354/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0401099/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):861-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. src33@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride ; Citalopram/pharmacology ; Double-Blind Method ; Feedback, Psychological ; Humans ; *Inhibition (Psychology) ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Inhibition ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Propylamines/pharmacology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Serotonin/*physiology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    S6K1- and betaTRCP-mediated degradation of PDCD4 promotes protein translation and cell growth (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-21
    Beschreibung: The tumor suppressor programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) inhibits the translation initiation factor eIF4A, an RNA helicase that catalyzes the unwinding of secondary structure at the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In response to mitogens, PDCD4 was rapidly phosphorylated on Ser67 by the protein kinase S6K1 and subsequently degraded via the ubiquitin ligase SCF(betaTRCP). Expression in cultured cells of a stable PDCD4 mutant that is unable to bind betaTRCP inhibited translation of an mRNA with a structured 5'UTR, resulted in smaller cell size, and slowed down cell cycle progression. We propose that regulated degradation of PDCD4 in response to mitogens allows efficient protein synthesis and consequently cell growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dorrello, N Valerio -- Peschiaroli, Angelo -- Guardavaccaro, Daniele -- Colburn, Nancy H -- Sherman, Nicholas E -- Pagano, Michele -- R01-CA76584/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM57587/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):467-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, MSB 599, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 5' Untranslated Regions ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Proliferation ; Cell Size ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4A/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4F/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/metabolism ; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/*metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Serum ; Signal Transduction ; beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Electric fields at the active site of an enzyme: direct comparison of experiment with theory (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-15
    Beschreibung: The electric fields produced in folded proteins influence nearly every aspect of protein function. We present a vibrational spectroscopy technique that measures changes in electric field at a specific site of a protein as shifts in frequency (Stark shifts) of a calibrated nitrile vibration. A nitrile-containing inhibitor is used to deliver a unique probe vibration to the active site of human aldose reductase, and the response of the nitrile stretch frequency is measured for a series of mutations in the enzyme active site. These shifts yield quantitative information on electric fields that can be directly compared with electrostatics calculations. We show that extensive molecular dynamics simulations and ensemble averaging are required to reproduce the observed changes in field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suydam, Ian T -- Snow, Christopher D -- Pande, Vijay S -- Boxer, Steven G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):200-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aldehyde Reductase/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Circular Dichroism ; Computer Simulation ; *Electricity ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Nitriles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Spectrum Analysis ; Static Electricity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Mutation pressure and the evolution of organelle genomic architecture (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-25
    Beschreibung: The nuclear genomes of multicellular animals and plants contain large amounts of noncoding DNA, the disadvantages of which can be too weak to be effectively countered by selection in lineages with reduced effective population sizes. In contrast, the organelle genomes of these two lineages evolved to opposite ends of the spectrum of genomic complexity, despite similar effective population sizes. This pattern and other puzzling aspects of organelle evolution appear to be consequences of differences in organelle mutation rates. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that the fundamental features of genome evolution are largely defined by the relative power of two nonadaptive forces: random genetic drift and mutation pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, Michael -- Koskella, Britt -- Schaack, Sarah -- R01 GM036827/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1727-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. milynch@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chloroplasts/genetics ; DNA, Intergenic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Mitochondrial ; *Genetic Drift ; *Genome ; Genome, Plant ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; *Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Plants/*genetics ; RNA Editing
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 135
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    Assessing clinical trial results (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, An-Wen -- Sim, Ida -- Gulmezoglu, A Metin -- Unterlerchner, Patrick -- Karam, Ghassan -- Pang, Tikki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):365-6; author reply 365-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16634140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/methods ; *Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Peer Review, Research ; Publishing ; Registries
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Neuroscience. Neurons find strength through synchrony in the brain (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, Jose-Manuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1604-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY 10036, USA. jalonso@sunyopt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Mice ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamus/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 137
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    Avian influenza. Studies suggest why few humans catch the H5N1 virus (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & ; purification/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/mortality/*transmission/*virology ; Pulmonary Alveoli/chemistry/metabolism/*virology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/analysis/*metabolism ; Respiratory System/chemistry/metabolism/virology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 138
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    A critical role for the innate immune signaling molecule IRAK-4 in T cell activation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-01
    Beschreibung: IRAK-4 is a protein kinase that is pivotal in mediating signals for innate immune responses. Here, we report that IRAK-4 signaling is also essential for eliciting adaptive immune responses. Thus, in the absence of IRAK-4, in vivo T cell responses were significantly impaired. Upon T cell receptor stimulation, IRAK-4 is recruited to T cell lipid rafts, where it induces downstream signals, including protein kinase C activation through the association with Zap70. This signaling pathway was found to be required for optimal activation of nuclear factor kappaB. Our findings suggest that T cells use this critical regulator of innate immunity for the development of acquired immunity, suggesting that IRAK-4 may be involved in direct signal cross talk between the two systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzuki, Nobutaka -- Suzuki, Shinobu -- Millar, Douglas G -- Unno, Midori -- Hara, Hiromitsu -- Calzascia, Thomas -- Yamasaki, Sho -- Yokosuka, Tadashi -- Chen, Nien-Jung -- Elford, Alisha R -- Suzuki, Jun-Ichiro -- Takeuchi, Arata -- Mirtsos, Christine -- Bouchard, Denis -- Ohashi, Pamela S -- Yeh, Wen-Chen -- Saito, Takashi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1927-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Enzyme Activation ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Microdomains/enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 139
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    Questions about forensic science (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harmon, Rockne -- Budowle, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):607-10; author reply 607-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Expert Testimony ; Forensic Sciences/*standards ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 140
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    Evidence for a functional second thymus in mice (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-04
    Beschreibung: The thymus organ supports the development of T cells and is located in the thorax. Here, we report the existence of a second thymus in the mouse neck, which develops after birth and grows to the size of a small lymph node. The cervical thymus had a typical medulla-cortex structure, was found to support T cell development, and could correct T cell deficiency in athymic nude mice upon transplantation. The identification of a regular second thymus in the mouse may provide evolutionary links to thymus organogenesis in other vertebrates and suggests a need to reconsider the effect of thoracic thymectomy on de novo T cell production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Terszowski, Grzegorz -- Muller, Susanna M -- Bleul, Conrad C -- Blum, Carmen -- Schirmbeck, Reinhold -- Reimann, Jorg -- Pasquier, Louis Du -- Amagai, Takashi -- Boehm, Thomas -- Rodewald, Hans-Reimer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):284-7. Epub 2006 Mar 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Choristoma ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/biosynthesis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; Immunocompetence ; Lymphopoiesis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; *Neck ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis ; Self Tolerance ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymectomy ; Thymus Gland/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*immunology/transplantation
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  • 141
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    Chemistry. Dendrimers at work (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helms, Brett -- Meijer, E W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):929-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. e.w.meijer@tue.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Contrast Media ; *Dendrimers/chemical synthesis/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Drug Approval ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Molecular Structure ; Transfection
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  • 142
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    Salary survey. U.S. life scientists report rising salaries and high job satisfaction (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):842-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Science Disciplines/economics ; Career Mobility ; Data Collection ; *Faculty ; Humans ; Industry ; *Job Satisfaction ; Mentors ; *Research Personnel/economics ; *Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; United States ; Universities
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 143
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    Ecological revitalization of Chinese villages (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ellis, Erle C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1310.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Humans ; *Residence Characteristics ; *Rural Population
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 144
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    Global hydrological cycles and world water resources (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-26
    Beschreibung: Water is a naturally circulating resource that is constantly recharged. Therefore, even though the stocks of water in natural and artificial reservoirs are helpful to increase the available water resources for human society, the flow of water should be the main focus in water resources assessments. The climate system puts an upper limit on the circulation rate of available renewable freshwater resources (RFWR). Although current global withdrawals are well below the upper limit, more than two billion people live in highly water-stressed areas because of the uneven distribution of RFWR in time and space. Climate change is expected to accelerate water cycles and thereby increase the available RFWR. This would slow down the increase of people living under water stress; however, changes in seasonal patterns and increasing probability of extreme events may offset this effect. Reducing current vulnerability will be the first step to prepare for such anticipated changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oki, Taikan -- Kanae, Shinjiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1068-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan. taikan@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Animals ; Climate ; *Fresh Water ; Humans ; Industry ; Rivers ; Water Purification ; *Water Supply ; Weather
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 145
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    Alterations in 5-HT1B receptor function by p11 in depression-like states (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-10
    Beschreibung: The pathophysiology of depression remains enigmatic, although abnormalities in serotonin signaling have been implicated. We have found that the serotonin 1B receptor [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1B) receptor] interacts with p11. p11 increases localization of 5-HT1B receptors at the cell surface. p11 is increased in rodent brains by antidepressants or electroconvulsive therapy, but decreased in an animal model of depression and in brain tissue from depressed patients. Overexpression of p11 increases 5-HT1B receptor function in cells and recapitulates certain behaviors seen after antidepressant treatment in mice. p11 knockout mice exhibit a depression-like phenotype and have reduced responsiveness to 5-HT1B receptor agonists and reduced behavioral reactions to an antidepressant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Svenningsson, Per -- Chergui, Karima -- Rachleff, Ilan -- Flajolet, Marc -- Zhang, Xiaoqun -- El Yacoubi, Malika -- Vaugeois, Jean-Marie -- Nomikos, George G -- Greengard, Paul -- DA10044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH40899/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):77-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Annexin A2/genetics/*metabolism ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Depression/genetics/*metabolism ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/*metabolism ; S100 Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 146
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    Structural basis for double-stranded RNA processing by Dicer (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-18
    Beschreibung: The specialized ribonuclease Dicer initiates RNA interference by cleaving double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates into small fragments about 25 nucleotides in length. In the crystal structure of an intact Dicer enzyme, the PAZ domain, a module that binds the end of dsRNA, is separated from the two catalytic ribonuclease III (RNase III) domains by a flat, positively charged surface. The 65 angstrom distance between the PAZ and RNase III domains matches the length spanned by 25 base pairs of RNA. Thus, Dicer itself is a molecular ruler that recognizes dsRNA and cleaves a specified distance from the helical end.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macrae, Ian J -- Zhou, Kaihong -- Li, Fei -- Repic, Adrian -- Brooks, Angela N -- Cande, W Zacheus -- Adams, Paul D -- Doudna, Jennifer A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):195-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Giardia lamblia/enzymology ; Humans ; Lanthanoid Series Elements/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*metabolism ; RNA, Protozoan/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/*chemistry/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/genetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 147
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    Chemistry. Toward molecular imaging with xenon MRI (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Driehuys, Bastiaan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):432-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. driehuys@orion.duhs.duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Atherosclerosis/diagnosis/physiopathology ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Humans ; Lung/anatomy & histology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Rats ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Xenon Isotopes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 148
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    A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-28
    Beschreibung: The inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are common, chronic disorders that cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal bleeding. To identify genetic factors that might contribute to these disorders, we performed a genome-wide association study. We found a highly significant association between Crohn's disease and the IL23R gene on chromosome 1p31, which encodes a subunit of the receptor for the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-23. An uncommon coding variant (rs11209026, c.1142G〉A, p.Arg381Gln) confers strong protection against Crohn's disease, and additional noncoding IL23R variants are independently associated. Replication studies confirmed IL23R associations in independent cohorts of patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. These results and previous studies on the proinflammatory role of IL-23 prioritize this signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410764/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410764/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duerr, Richard H -- Taylor, Kent D -- Brant, Steven R -- Rioux, John D -- Silverberg, Mark S -- Daly, Mark J -- Steinhart, A Hillary -- Abraham, Clara -- Regueiro, Miguel -- Griffiths, Anne -- Dassopoulos, Themistocles -- Bitton, Alain -- Yang, Huiying -- Targan, Stephan -- Datta, Lisa Wu -- Kistner, Emily O -- Schumm, L Philip -- Lee, Annette T -- Gregersen, Peter K -- Barmada, M Michael -- Rotter, Jerome I -- Nicolae, Dan L -- Cho, Judy H -- DK62413/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62420/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62422/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62429/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62431/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK62432/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491-019004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491-029004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491-039004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK063491-049004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062420/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062422/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062429/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK062432/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1461-3. Epub 2006 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian, Mezzanine Level, C-Wing, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics ; Crohn Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Testing ; Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Interleukin-23/metabolism ; Jews/genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Interleukin/*genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction
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    Virology. Genomic analysis hints at H5N1 pathogenicity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Birds ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/*virology ; Influenza, Human/*virology ; Ligands ; Poultry ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Virulence/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 150
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    Biomedicine. Life, the universe, and body temperature (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saper, Clifford B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):773-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. csaper@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Body Weight ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Ion Channels/genetics/physiology ; *Longevity ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Preoptic Area/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Excitatory effect of GABAergic axo-axonic cells in cortical microcircuits (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-18
    Beschreibung: Axons in the cerebral cortex receive synaptic input at the axon initial segment almost exclusively from gamma-aminobutyric acid-releasing (GABAergic) axo-axonic cells (AACs). The axon has the lowest threshold for action potential generation in neurons; thus, AACs are considered to be strategically placed inhibitory neurons controlling neuronal output. However, we found that AACs can depolarize pyramidal cells and can initiate stereotyped series of synaptic events in rat and human cortical networks because of a depolarized reversal potential for axonal relative to perisomatic GABAergic inputs. Excitation and signal propagation initiated by AACs is supported by the absence of the potassium chloride cotransporter 2 in the axon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szabadics, Janos -- Varga, Csaba -- Molnar, Gabor -- Olah, Szabolcs -- Barzo, Pal -- Tamas, Gabor -- N535915/PHS HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):233-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Comparative Physiology, University of Szeged, Kozep fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Middle Aged ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Symporters/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 152
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    Genetics. Seeing a 'plot,' deCODE sues to block a DNA research center (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Academies and Institutes/legislation & jurisprudence ; Child ; Child Welfare ; Databases, Nucleic Acid/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetic Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Genetics, Medical ; Hospitals, Pediatric/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Iceland ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 153
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    Checkpoint proteins control survival of the postmitotic cells in Caenorhabditis elegans (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-03
    Beschreibung: Checkpoints are evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanisms that arrest cell division and alter cellular stress resistance in response to DNA damage or stalled replication forks. To study the consequences of loss of checkpoint functions in whole animals, checkpoint genes were inactivated in the nematode C. elegans. We show that checkpoint proteins are not only essential for normal development but also determine adult somatic maintenance. Checkpoint proteins play a role in the survival of postmitotic adult cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Anders -- Vantipalli, Maithili C -- Lithgow, Gordon J -- AG21069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG22868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS050789-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1381-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Buck Institute, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Survival ; Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Mitosis/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 154
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    Washing away your sins: threatened morality and physical cleansing (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: Physical cleansing has been a focal element in religious ceremonies for thousands of years. The prevalence of this practice suggests a psychological association between bodily purity and moral purity. In three studies, we explored what we call the "Macbeth effect"-that is, a threat to one's moral purity induces the need to cleanse oneself. This effect revealed itself through an increased mental accessibility of cleansing-related concepts, a greater desire for cleansing products, and a greater likelihood of taking antiseptic wipes. Furthermore, we showed that physical cleansing alleviates the upsetting consequences of unethical behavior and reduces threats to one's moral self-image. Daily hygiene routines such as washing hands, as simple and benign as they might seem, can deliver a powerful antidote to threatened morality, enabling people to truly wash away their sins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhong, Chen-Bo -- Liljenquist, Katie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1451-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organizational Behavior and HR Management, Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E6, Canada. chenbo.zhong@rotman.utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Emotions ; Ethics ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; *Hygiene ; *Morals ; Motivation ; *Self Concept
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 155
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    Conjunctive representation of position, direction, and velocity in entorhinal cortex (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-06
    Beschreibung: Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are part of an environment-independent spatial coordinate system. To determine how information about location, direction, and distance is integrated in the grid-cell network, we recorded from each principal cell layer of MEC in rats that explored two-dimensional environments. Whereas layer II was predominated by grid cells, grid cells colocalized with head-direction cells and conjunctive grid x head-direction cells in the deeper layers. All cell types were modulated by running speed. The conjunction of positional, directional, and translational information in a single MEC cell type may enable grid coordinates to be updated during self-motion-based navigation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sargolini, Francesca -- Fyhn, Marianne -- Hafting, Torkel -- McNaughton, Bruce L -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):758-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Exploratory Behavior ; Locomotion ; Male ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Orientation ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 156
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    Evolution. Darwin for all seasons (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szathmary, Eors -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):306-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology, Eotvos University Budapest, and Collegium Budapest (Institute for Advanced Study), 2 Szentharomsag utca, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary. szathmary@colbud.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computational Biology ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cultural Evolution ; Exobiology ; Humans ; Language ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Molecular Biology ; Origin of Life ; *Research ; Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 157
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    Clinical research. Lessons from a failed drug trial (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*adverse effects/methods/standards ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Immune System/*drug effects ; Inflammation/*etiology ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 158
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    A common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-15
    Beschreibung: Obesity is a heritable trait and a risk factor for many common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. We used a dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity. We have replicated the finding in four separate samples composed of individuals of Western European ancestry, African Americans, and children. The obesity-predisposing genotype is present in 10% of individuals. Our study suggests that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbert, Alan -- Gerry, Norman P -- McQueen, Matthew B -- Heid, Iris M -- Pfeufer, Arne -- Illig, Thomas -- Wichmann, H-Erich -- Meitinger, Thomas -- Hunter, David -- Hu, Frank B -- Colditz, Graham -- Hinney, Anke -- Hebebrand, Johannes -- Koberwitz, Kerstin -- Zhu, Xiaofeng -- Cooper, Richard -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Lyon, Helen -- Hirschhorn, Joel N -- Laird, Nan M -- Lenburg, Marc E -- Lange, Christoph -- Christman, Michael F -- CA87969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K23DK067288/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30DK46200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD060726/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01GM046877/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HL074166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL54485/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL66289/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01MH59532/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01HL65899/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):279-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University Medical School, E613, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. aherbert@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; African Americans ; Alleles ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Europe ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Obesity/*genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 159
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    Role of noradrenergic signaling by the nucleus tractus solitarius in mediating opiate reward (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-18
    Beschreibung: Norepinephrine (NE) is widely implicated in opiate withdrawal, but much less is known about its role in opiate-induced locomotion and reward. In mice lacking dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), an enzyme critical for NE synthesis, we found that NE was necessary for morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP; a measure of reward) and locomotion. These deficits were rescued by systemic NE restoration. Viral restoration of DBH expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius, but not in the locus coeruleus, restored CPP for morphine. Morphine-induced locomotion was partially restored by DBH expression in either brain region. These data suggest that NE signaling by the nucleus tractus solitarius is necessary for morphine reward.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, Valerie G -- Heusner, Carrie L -- Bland, Ross J -- During, Matthew J -- Weinshenker, David -- Palmiter, Richard D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):1017-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/genetics/metabolism ; Droxidopa/pharmacology ; Locomotion/drug effects ; Locus Coeruleus/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; *Reward ; Signal Transduction ; Solitary Nucleus/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 160
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    Debating the cause of a neurological disorder (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duncan, Mark W -- Marini, Ann M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1737.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acids, Diamino/*analysis/*toxicity ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*etiology ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; *Chiroptera/metabolism ; Cycadophyta/chemistry ; Diet ; Guam ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*etiology ; Neurotoxins/analysis/toxicity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 161
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    Peer review and new investigators (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taffe, Michael A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):775.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Peer Review, Research/standards ; *Research Personnel ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 162
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    Modeling single-neuron dynamics and computations: a balance of detail and abstraction (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: The fundamental building block of every nervous system is the single neuron. Understanding how these exquisitely structured elements operate is an integral part of the quest to solve the mysteries of the brain. Quantitative mathematical models have proved to be an indispensable tool in pursuing this goal. We review recent advances and examine how single-cell models on five levels of complexity, from black-box approaches to detailed compartmental simulations, address key questions about neural dynamics and signal processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herz, Andreas V M -- Gollisch, Tim -- Machens, Christian K -- Jaeger, Dieter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):80-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin and Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany. a.herz@biologie.hu-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Dendrites/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Mathematics ; *Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 163
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    Stem cell research. A season of generosity...and jeremiads (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1525.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Catholicism ; Embryo Research/*economics/ethics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; France ; *Fund Raising ; Humans ; Religion and Science
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 164
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    Cellular senescence in aging primates (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: The aging of organisms is characterized by a gradual functional decline of all organ systems. Mammalian somatic cells in culture display a limited proliferative life span, at the end of which they undergo an irreversible cell cycle arrest known as replicative senescence. Whether cellular senescence contributes to organismal aging has been controversial. We investigated telomere dysfunction, a recently discovered biomarker of cellular senescence, and found that the number of senescent fibroblasts increases exponentially in the skin of aging baboons, reaching 〉15% of all cells in very old individuals. In addition, the same cells contain activated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase and heterochromatinized nuclei, confirming their senescent status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbig, Utz -- Ferreira, Mark -- Condel, Laura -- Carey, Dee -- Sedivy, John M -- F32 CA099388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL028972/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR015578/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR013986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016694/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1257. Epub 2006 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Biomarkers ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dermis/cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*physiology ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Papio/*physiology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Telomere/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Herve This profile. The joy of evidence-based cooking (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1235-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; *Cooking ; *Food ; France ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Simron Singh profile. Isolate or engage? Indigenous islanders pose challenge for India (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, Pallava -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Culture ; *Ethnic Groups ; Geography ; Humans ; India ; Population Density ; Public Policy
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 167
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    Cloning. South Korean team's remaining human stem cell claim demolished (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- Vogel, Gretchen -- Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):156-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Blastocyst ; *Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Dogs ; Embryo Research/ethics ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Parthenogenesis ; *Scientific Misconduct ; *Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 168
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    2006 Visualization Challenge winners (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-23
    Beschreibung: Science and the National Science Foundation announce the winners and honorable mentions in the categories of photography, illustration, informational graphics, noninteractive multimedia, and interactive multimedia in this year's Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chatterjee, Rhitu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1730-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Audiovisual Aids ; *Awards and Prizes ; Computer Graphics ; *Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Multimedia ; Photography
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 169
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    High-resolution thin-film device to sense texture by touch (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-10
    Beschreibung: Touch (or tactile) sensors are gaining renewed interest as the level of sophistication in the application of minimum invasive surgery and humanoid robots increases. The spatial resolution of current large-area (greater than 1 cm(2)) tactile sensor lags by more than an order of magnitude compared with the human finger. By using metal and semiconducting nanoparticles, a approximately 100-nm-thick, large-area thin-film device is self-assembled such that the change in current density through the film and the electroluminescent light intensity are linearly proportional to the local stress. A stress image is obtained by pressing a copper grid and a United States 1-cent coin on the device and focusing the resulting electroluminescent light directly on the charge-coupled device. Both the lateral and height resolution of texture are comparable to the human finger at similar stress levels of approximately 10 kilopascals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maheshwari, Vivek -- Saraf, Ravi F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1501-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Fingers/physiology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; *Robotics ; Sensory Thresholds ; *Touch
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 170
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    Avian influenza. Donors draw plans to disburse $2 billion war chest for bird flu (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- Yidong, Gong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):456-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Birds ; Developing Countries/*economics ; Disease Outbreaks/*economics/prevention & control ; European Union ; *Financial Support ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/economics ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & control ; International Cooperation ; United Nations ; United States ; Vaccination/veterinary
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 171
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    Microbiology. Breaking the barrier between commensalism and pathogenicity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayashi, Tetsuya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):772-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Bioenvironmental Science, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan. thayash@med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Death ; Cells, Cultured ; Colon/cytology/microbiology ; *DNA Damage ; Escherichia coli/classification/genetics/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; *Genomic Islands ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/microbiology ; Mutagens/*metabolism ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Polyketide Synthases/genetics/metabolism ; Virulence Factors/*biosynthesis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 172
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    Early Maya writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-10
    Beschreibung: The ruins of San Bartolo, Guatemala, contain a sample of Maya hieroglyphic writing dating to the Late Preclassic period (400 B.C. to 200 A.D.). The writing appears on preserved painted walls and plaster fragments buried within the pyramidal structure known as "Las Pinturas," which was constructed in discrete phases over several centuries. Samples of carbonized wood that are closely associated with the writing have calibrated radiocarbon dates of 200 to 300 B.C. This early Maya writing implies that a developed Maya writing system was in use centuries earlier than previously thought, approximating a time when we see the earliest scripts elsewhere in Mesoamerica.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saturno, William A -- Stuart, David -- Beltran, Boris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1281-3. Epub 2006 Jan 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA. wsaturno@unh.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Anthropology, Cultural ; *Culture ; Guatemala ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Indians, Central American/*history ; Paintings/history ; Writing/*history
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 173
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    The Xist RNA gene evolved in eutherians by pseudogenization of a protein-coding gene (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-17
    Beschreibung: The Xist noncoding RNA is the key initiator of the process of X chromosome inactivation in eutherian mammals, but its precise function and origin remain unknown. Although Xist is well conserved among eutherians, until now, no homolog has been identified in other mammals. We show here that Xist evolved, at least partly, from a protein-coding gene and that the loss of protein-coding function of the proto-Xist coincides with the four flanking protein genes becoming pseudogenes. This event occurred after the divergence between eutherians and marsupials, which suggests that mechanisms of dosage compensation have evolved independently in both lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duret, Laurent -- Chureau, Corinne -- Samain, Sylvie -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Avner, Philip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1653-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), CNRS and Universite Lyon 1, 16 rue Raphael Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France. duret@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cattle/genetics ; Chickens/genetics ; Dogs/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Mice/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Opossums/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Pseudogenes ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Vertebrates/*genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation ; Xenopus/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 174
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    Epidemiology. Understanding HIV epidemic trends in Africa (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayes, Richard -- Weiss, Helen -- G0700837/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):620-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. richard.hayes@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; Circumcision, Male ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; *Sexual Behavior ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 175
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    Combinatorial effects of odorant mixes in olfactory cortex (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-11
    Beschreibung: In mammals, each odorant is detected by a combination of different odorant receptors. Signals from different types of receptors are segregated in the nose and the olfactory bulb, but appear to be combined in individual neurons in the olfactory cortex. Here, we report that binary odorant mixes stimulate cortical neurons that are not stimulated by their individual component odorants. We propose that cortical neurons require combinations of receptor inputs for activation and that merging the receptor codes of two odorants provides novel combinations of receptor inputs that stimulate neurons beyond those activated by the single odorants. These findings may explain why odorant mixtures can elicit novel odor percepts in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zou, Zhihua -- Buck, Linda B -- R03 DC008700-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21 DC008628-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1477-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Complex Mixtures ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; *Odors ; Olfactory Pathways/cytology/*physiology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Odorant/*physiology ; Smell/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 176
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    Does the world really need more babies? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuckerman, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1885-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Birth Rate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Developed Countries ; *Environment ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 177
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    Developmental biology. The Turing model comes of molecular age (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383235/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383235/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maini, Philip K -- Baker, Ruth E -- Chuong, Cheng-Ming -- R01 AR042177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177-11/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177-12/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364-05/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1397-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Mathematical Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK. maini@maths.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Body Patterning ; Diffusion ; Hair Follicle/*growth & development/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*metabolism ; Mathematics ; Mice ; *Models, Biological ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 178
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    Escherichia coli induces DNA double-strand breaks in eukaryotic cells (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: Transient infection of eukaryotic cells with commensal and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli of phylogenetic group B2 blocks mitosis and induces megalocytosis. This trait is linked to a widely spread genomic island that encodes giant modular nonribosomal peptide and polyketide synthases. Contact with E. coli expressing this gene cluster causes DNA double-strand breaks and activation of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway, leading to cell cycle arrest and eventually to cell death. Discovery of hybrid peptide-polyketide genotoxins in E. coli will change our view on pathogenesis and commensalism and open new biotechnological applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nougayrede, Jean-Philippe -- Homburg, Stefan -- Taieb, Frederic -- Boury, Michele -- Brzuszkiewicz, Elzbieta -- Gottschalk, Gerhard -- Buchrieser, Carmen -- Hacker, Jorg -- Dobrindt, Ulrich -- Oswald, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INRA, UMR1225, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31076, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cytotoxins/*metabolism ; DNA/analysis ; *DNA Damage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; G2 Phase ; *Genomic Islands ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Mutagens/*metabolism ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Polyketide Synthases/genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 179
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    Immunology. When F-actin becomes too much of a good thing (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dustin, Michael L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):767-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Progam in Molecular Pathogenesis, Skirball Institute, New York University Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. dustin@saturn.med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Cell Death ; Cell Movement ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Homeostasis ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Mitochondria/*physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 180
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    Prions in skeletal muscles of deer with chronic wasting disease (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-28
    Beschreibung: The emergence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk in an increasingly wide geographic area, as well as the interspecies transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans in the form of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, have raised concerns about the zoonotic potential of CWD. Because meat consumption is the most likely means of exposure, it is important to determine whether skeletal muscle of diseased cervids contains prion infectivity. Here bioassays in transgenic mice expressing cervid prion protein revealed the presence of infectious prions in skeletal muscles of CWD-infected deer, demonstrating that humans consuming or handling meat from CWD-infected deer are at risk to prion exposure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angers, Rachel C -- Browning, Shawn R -- Seward, Tanya S -- Sigurdson, Christina J -- Miller, Michael W -- Hoover, Edward A -- Telling, Glenn C -- 2RO1 NS040334-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- N01-AI-25491/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1117. Epub 2006 Jan 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; *Deer ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Skeletal/*chemistry ; PrPSc Proteins/*analysis ; Prions/*analysis ; Tissue Extracts/administration & dosage ; Wasting Disease, Chronic/*metabolism/*transmission
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    New neurons follow the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the adult brain (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-18
    Beschreibung: In the adult brain, neuroblasts born in the subventricular zone migrate from the walls of the lateral ventricles to the olfactory bulb. How do these cells orient over such a long distance and through complex territories? Here we show that neuroblast migration parallels cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Beating of ependymal cilia is required for normal CSF flow, concentration gradient formation of CSF guidance molecules, and directional migration of neuroblasts. Results suggest that polarized epithelial cells contribute important vectorial information for guidance of young, migrating neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sawamoto, Kazunobu -- Wichterle, Hynek -- Gonzalez-Perez, Oscar -- Cholfin, Jeremy A -- Yamada, Masayuki -- Spassky, Nathalie -- Murcia, Noel S -- Garcia-Verdugo, Jose Manuel -- Marin, Oscar -- Rubenstein, John L R -- Tessier-Lavigne, Marc -- Okano, Hideyuki -- Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo -- HD 32116/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 28478/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):629-32. Epub 2006 Jan 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurological Surgery and Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. sawamoto@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain Tissue Transplantation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Polarity ; Cerebral Ventricles/cytology/physiology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/*physiology ; Choroid Plexus/secretion ; Cilia/physiology ; Ependyma/cytology/*physiology ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Seed dispersal by weta (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-18
    Beschreibung: Weta are giant, flightless grasshoppers that are endemic to New Zealand. In the absence of native mammals, weta are thought to perform similar ecological functions. As such, they might be expected to be important seeds dispersers. However, insects are not known to consume fleshy fruits and to disperse seeds after gut passage. We conducted a series of observations and experiments to test whether weta form mutualistic partnerships with fleshy-fruited plants as seed dispersers, similar to small mammals elsewhere in the world. Results showed that weta are indeed effective seeds dispersers, providing an example of ecological convergence between unrelated organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duthie, Catherine -- Gibbs, George -- Burns, K C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1575.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Post Office Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Fruit ; Germination ; Grasshoppers/*physiology ; Male ; Mammals ; New Zealand ; *Seeds/growth & development
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 183
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    Dendritic cell apoptosis in the maintenance of immune tolerance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-25
    Beschreibung: Apoptosis in the immune system is critical for maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. Nevertheless, inhibiting apoptosis in lymphocytes is not alone sufficient to break self-tolerance, suggesting the involvement of other cell types. We investigated whether apoptosis in dendritic cells (DCs) helps regulate self-tolerance by generating transgenic mice expressing the baculoviral caspase inhibitor, p35, in DCs (DC-p35). DC-p35 mice displayed defective DC apoptosis, resulting in their accumulation and, in turn, chronic lymphocyte activation and systemic autoimmune manifestations. The observation that a defect in DC apoptosis can independently lead to autoimmunity is consistent with a central role for these cells in maintaining immune self-tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Min -- Wang, Yui-Hsi -- Wang, Yihong -- Huang, Li -- Sandoval, Hector -- Liu, Yong-Jun -- Wang, Jin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1160-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. minc@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adoptive Transfer ; Aging ; Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/analysis ; *Apoptosis ; *Autoimmunity ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Cell Survival ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/*physiology ; Kidney/immunology ; Lung/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Self Tolerance ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Viral Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 184
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    Skill formation and the economics of investing in disadvantaged children (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: This paper summarizes evidence on the effects of early environments on child, adolescent, and adult achievement. Life cycle skill formation is a dynamic process in which early inputs strongly affect the productivity of later inputs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heckman, James J -- R01HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1900-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. jjh@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Achievement ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Early Intervention (Education)/economics ; *Education/economics ; Family ; Humans ; Income ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Public Policy ; United States ; *Vulnerable Populations
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 185
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    Stem cell research. Senate prepares to vote at last on a trio of stem cell bills (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):26-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 186
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    Archaeology. First jewelry? Old shell beads suggest early use of symbols (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1731.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Algeria ; Animals ; *Archaeology ; Burial ; *Culture ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Israel ; Snails ; *Symbolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 187
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    Wildlife conservation. The carnivore comeback (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):746-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animal Migration ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; *Animals, Wild ; Behavior, Animal ; *Carnivora/genetics/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Public Opinion ; Ursidae
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 188
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    Human Behavior and Evolution Society meeting. Long-ago peoples may have been long in the tooth (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anthropology ; Bolivia ; Female ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; *Indians, South American/history ; Life Expectancy ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Groups/history
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 189
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    Genetic polymorphism of Fc (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pandey, Janardan P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1376-7; author reply 1376-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Mice ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, IgG/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 190
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    Gene transposition as a cause of hybrid sterility in Drosophila (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: We describe reproductive isolation caused by a gene transposition. In certain Drosophila melanogaster-D. simulans hybrids, hybrid male sterility is caused by the lack of a single-copy gene essential for male fertility, JYAlpha. This gene is located on the fourth chromosome of D. melanogaster but on the third chromosome of D. simulans. Genomic and molecular analyses show that JYAlpha transposed to the third chromosome during the evolutionary history of the D. simulans lineage. Because of this transposition, a fraction of hybrids completely lack JYAlpha and are sterile, representing reproductive isolation without sequence evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masly, John P -- Jones, Corbin D -- Noor, Mohamed A F -- Locke, John -- Orr, H Allen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. msly@mail.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Drosophila/enzymology/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology/*genetics/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fertility/genetics ; Gene Dosage ; *Genes, Insect ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction/genetics ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*genetics ; Sperm Motility
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 191
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    Human Behavior and Evolution Society meeting. An evolutionary squeeze on brain size (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Organ Size ; Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 192
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    Politics and the life cycle (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: The study of politics and the life cycle began with a rather single-minded focus on childhood and the family-on the idea, as Tocqueville famously put it, that the entire person could be "seen in the cradle of the child." Politics does begin in childhood, and parents do influence their offspring, but change takes place over the entire span of life. I take up the early emergence of partisanship and essentialism, the formation of generations, politically consequential transitions in adulthood, and the rising of politics and its final decline.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kinder, Donald R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1905-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Political Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA. drkinder@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Child ; *Culture ; Family ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Middle Aged ; Parents ; *Politics ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 193
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    Hoxa2- and rhombomere-dependent development of the mouse facial somatosensory map (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: In the mouse trigeminal pathway, sensory inputs from distinct facial structures, such as whiskers or lower jaw and lip, are topographically mapped onto the somatosensory cortex through relay stations in the thalamus and hindbrain. In the developing hindbrain, the mechanisms generating such maps remain elusive. We found that in the principal sensory nucleus, the whisker-related map is contributed by rhombomere 3-derived neurons, whereas the rhombomere 2-derived progeny supply the lower jaw and lip representation. Moreover, early Hoxa2 expression in neuroepithelium prevents the trigeminal nerve from ectopically projecting to the cerebellum, whereas late expression in the principal sensory nucleus promotes selective arborization of whisker-related afferents and topographic connectivity to the thalamus. Hoxa2 inactivation further results in the absence of whisker-related maps in the postnatal brain. Thus, Hoxa2- and rhombomere 3-dependent cues determine the whisker area map and are required for the assembly of the whisker-to-barrel somatosensory circuit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oury, Franck -- Murakami, Yasunori -- Renaud, Jean-Sebastien -- Pasqualetti, Massimo -- Charnay, Patrick -- Ren, Shu-Yue -- Rijli, Filippo M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1408-13. Epub 2006 Aug 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Universite Louis Pasteur, UMR 7104, BP 10142, Communaute Urbaine de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Face/innervation ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Lip/innervation ; Mandible/embryology/innervation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Neurons, Afferent/cytology ; Receptor, EphA4/metabolism ; Receptor, EphA7/metabolism ; Rhombencephalon/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Somatosensory Cortex/*anatomy & histology/embryology ; Thalamus/embryology/metabolism ; Trigeminal Ganglion/embryology/metabolism ; Trigeminal Nerve/*embryology/physiology ; Ventral Thalamic Nuclei/embryology ; Vibrissae/*innervation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 194
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    France. Twenty years after Chornobyl, legal fallout lingers (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Chernobyl Nuclear Accident ; Food Contamination, Radioactive ; France ; *Government/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Public Health/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Radioactive Fallout/history ; Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology ; Truth Disclosure
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 195
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    Detecting awareness in the vegetative state (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate preserved conscious awareness in a patient fulfilling the criteria for a diagnosis of vegetative state. When asked to imagine playing tennis or moving around her home, the patient activated predicted cortical areas in a manner indistinguishable from that of healthy volunteers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owen, Adrian M -- Coleman, Martin R -- Boly, Melanie -- Davis, Matthew H -- Laureys, Steven -- Pickard, John D -- MC_U105559847/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105580446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 2EF, UK. adrian.owen@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Awareness ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Brain Injuries/physiopathology/*psychology ; Brain Mapping ; *Consciousness ; Female ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurons/physiology ; Persistent Vegetative State/physiopathology/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 196
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    Public health. Progress toward rotavirus vaccines (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parashar, Umesh D -- Glass, Roger I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):851-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. uap2@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Administration, Oral ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diarrhea/prevention & control/virology ; Drug Approval ; Drug Costs ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Infant ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology/mortality/*prevention & control ; *Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/economics ; United States ; *Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage/adverse effects/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 197
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    Development. Gene-suppressing proteins reveal secrets of stem cells (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):349.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromatin/*physiology ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Silencing ; *Genes, Regulator ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 198
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    Prion-induced amyloid heart disease with high blood infectivity in transgenic mice (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-11
    Beschreibung: We investigated extraneural manifestations in scrapie-infected transgenic mice expressing prion protein lacking the glycophosphatydylinositol membrane anchor. In the brain, blood, and heart, both abnormal protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) and prion infectivity were readily detected by immunoblot and by inoculation into nontransgenic recipients. The titer of infectious scrapie in blood plasma exceeded 10(7) 50% infectious doses per milliliter. The hearts of these transgenic mice contained PrPres-positive amyloid deposits that led to myocardial stiffness and cardiac disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1820586/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1820586/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trifilo, Matthew J -- Yajima, Toshitaka -- Gu, Yusu -- Dalton, Nancy -- Peterson, Kirk L -- Race, Richard E -- Meade-White, Kimberly -- Portis, John L -- Masliah, Eliezer -- Knowlton, Kirk U -- Chesebro, Bruce -- Oldstone, Michael B A -- 5R01HL66424-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- AGO4342/PHS HHS/ -- NS041219-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG004342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):94-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Departments of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences and Infectology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amyloid/*analysis ; Amyloidosis/blood/etiology/*pathology/physiopathology ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Coronary Vessels/chemistry/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Heart Diseases/blood/etiology/*pathology/physiopathology ; Heart Function Tests ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microcirculation/chemistry/pathology ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*chemistry/*pathology ; PrPC Proteins/chemistry ; PrPSc Proteins/*analysis/blood ; Scrapie/blood/*pathology/physiopathology ; Staining and Labeling ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
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    Epidemiology. Infectious diseases: preparing for the future (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, D A -- Peckham, C -- Waage, J K -- Brownlie, J -- Woolhouse, M E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1392-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Office of Science and Innovation, Department of Trade and Industry, London SW1H 0ET, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Forecasting ; *Global Health ; Health Policy/*trends ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Plant Diseases ; Public Policy ; Risk Assessment ; Zoonoses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
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    p53 regulates mitochondrial respiration (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-27
    Beschreibung: The energy that sustains cancer cells is derived preferentially from glycolysis. This metabolic change, the Warburg effect, was one of the first alterations in cancer cells recognized as conferring a survival advantage. Here, we show that p53, one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancers, modulates the balance between the utilization of respiratory and glycolytic pathways. We identify Synthesis of Cytochrome c Oxidase 2 (SCO2) as the downstream mediator of this effect in mice and human cancer cell lines. SCO2 is critical for regulating the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) complex, the major site of oxygen utilization in the eukaryotic cell. Disruption of the SCO2 gene in human cancer cells with wild-type p53 recapitulated the metabolic switch toward glycolysis that is exhibited by p53-deficient cells. That SCO2 couples p53 to mitochondrial respiration provides a possible explanation for the Warburg effect and offers new clues as to how p53 might affect aging and metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matoba, Satoaki -- Kang, Ju-Gyeong -- Patino, Willmar D -- Wragg, Andrew -- Boehm, Manfred -- Gavrilova, Oksana -- Hurley, Paula J -- Bunz, Fred -- Hwang, Paul M -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1650-3. Epub 2006 May 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Respiration ; Cell Survival ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, p53 ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Mutation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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