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  • Springer  (140,750)
  • Oxford University Press  (12,700)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 2020-2024  (87)
  • 1995-1999  (156,296)
  • 1940-1944
  • 2024  (87)
  • 1999  (75,071)
  • 1996  (81,225)
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  • 2020-2024  (87)
  • 1995-1999  (156,296)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
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    Towards a Vigilant Society (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Towards a Vigilant Society sheds light on the emergence of a new society of vigilance, in particular the actions of anti-migrant groups around Dover and Calais. Based on field research on both sides of the channel, it studies the dynamics of these groups – midway between a social movement and vigilantism – at these two key points in the international migration route between the European Union and the United Kingdom. In recent years, a series of anti-migrant groups have been mobilising on both sides of the Channel to counter migrations. Their actions range from demonstrations, to violence against migrants. And by staging their actions on social media, which is an extraordinary sounding board, these groups can build an online community and a mass audience, influencing public opinion and even the migration policies of states.
    Keywords: Vigilantism Citizen participation in policing Securitisation Social reaction to migration Anti-migrant groups Far-right social movements Calais Dover Neighbourhood watches ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFG Refugees and political asylum
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    City of Equals (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: When we think about equality in the city, we are very likely to think first of the wide and growing divide between rich and poor, in material terms. Yet when we think more about a 'city of equals' it becomes apparent that how people feel treated by the city and those around them, and whether they can live according to their values, are much more central. Accordingly, combining their own reflections, a multi-disciplinary literature review, and, distinctively, more than 180 interviews in 10 cities in 6 countries, Wolff and de Shalit have derived an account of a city of equals based on the idea that it should give each of its city-zens a secure sense of place or belonging. Four underlying values structure this account. First, access to the goods and services of the city should not be based purely on the market. Second, each person should be able to live a life they find meaningful. Third, there should be diversity and wide social mixing. Fourth, there should be 'non-deferential inclusion': each person should be able to get access to what they are entitled to without being treated as less worthy than others. They should be able to enjoy their rights without bowing and scraping, waiting longer than others, or going through special bureaucratic hurdles. In sum, in a city of equals each person is proud of their city and has the (justified) feeling that their city is proud of (people like) them.
    Keywords: cities, equality, inequality, relational equality, equality in the city, inclusion, diversity, social mixing, public reflective equilibrium, urban political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The Ethics of Surveillance in Times of Emergency (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The Covid-19 pandemic is arguably the first international emergency of the twenty-first century. In order to respond to this emergency, countries and governments around the world were forced to engage in a range of actions and policies that would not otherwise have been permitted. Looking in particular at the use of surveillance technologies, this book examines the challenge of ethics in emergencies. What can states do to keep their populations safe, what can citizens expect of their governments, and when are those government actions unjustified? By looking at the use of surveillance in times of emergency, this book explores ethical, philosophical, political, and social concepts, challenges them, and offers a set of views on where those concepts may evolve into the future. As a global population, we will be faced with emergencies, and it is possible that these will also be global in their impact. The ethics of surveillance in times of emergency is both of its time, and ongoing; we must learn our lessons from the last emergency, to be prepared for the next ones.
    Keywords: applied ethics, surveillance, emergency ethics, pandemics, public health ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    What Is Structural Injustice? (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: What is Structural Injustice? is the first edited collection to bring together the voices of leading structural injustice scholars from politics, philosophy and law to explore the concept of structural injustice which has now become a central feature of all three disciplines and is considered by many to be a ‘field of study.’ The volume features specially selected original and essential works on structural injustice. The volume provides a range of disciplinary, ontological and epistemological perspectives on what structural injustice is and includes feminist and post-colonial theories to interrogate how structural injustice exacerbates and reproduces existing inequalities and relations of power. This book aims to become a touchstone text for those interested in the different ways we can understand structural injustice, how it manifests, how it relates to other forms of injustice, who is responsible for its redress and the different ways we might go about it. This book will appeal to a wide audience of students, both undergraduate and postgraduate, as well as the general academic population, experts on structural injustice, interested practitioners in politics and members of the public.
    Keywords: " Structural injustice, politics, philosophy, law, ontology, epistemology, feminism, power, historical injustice. " ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Just Prospering? Plato and the Sophistic Debate about Justice (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book argues that Plato’s Republic must be understood as developing out of a 5th Century sophistic debate. In Part One the author presents a new analysis of the sophists and their extant texts addressing the important topics of justice and its value. This part shows that already in the 5th Century there was a robust debate about whether the just or unjust life was better for the self-interested individual, and that multiple sophistic authors made inventive and philosophically sophisticated arguments on both sides of this debate. The Moral Cynics argues that the intelligent individual was better off being unjust, whereas the Friends of Justice defended the idea that the just life was better for human beings. Part Two argues that Plato was very much aware of this debate and that in a number of dialogues—but most importantly in Republic—he engaged with this debate. The immoralist challenge that Glaucon and Adeimantus pose to Socrates early in Republic draws from the arguments of the 5th Century Moral Cynics and moreover identifies problems with the arguments of the 5th Century Friends of Justice. By having Socrates make an argument that overcomes the theoretical weaknesses of the earlier Friends of Justice, Plato is able to pose a new defence of justice that is more effective at responding to the Moral Cynics. The book’s analysis of Republic suggests new readings for certain important passages, such as the division of goods.
    Keywords: Justice Prospering [εὐδαιμονία] Plato The Sophists The History of Moral and Political Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAB Methods, theory and philosophy of law ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3C BCE period – Protohistory ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1Q Other geographical groupings: Oceans and seas, historical, political etc::1QB Historical states, empires, territories and regions::1QBA Ancient World::1QBAG Ancient Greece
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural presents a summa of current and classic theorizing on religion and the supernatural in relationship to the land and develops this theorizing further by confronting it with a rich set of folkloristic and historical data. Focusing on the themes of “time and memory,” “repeating patterns,” “identity formation,” “morality,” “labor,” “playfulness and adventure,” “power and subversion,” “sound,” “emotions,” “coping with contingency,” “home and unhomeliness,” and “nature and environment,” the book engages with a broad range of theoretical concepts and approaches from the interdisciplinary field of landscape theory and the study of religions. It brings this theorizing into dialogue with the rich culture of local storytelling and landscape-related traditional beliefs of the Strandir district of the Icelandic Westfjords. In this rural region, landscape-related traditions have been collected since the early nineteenth century and continue to be important to this day. Confronting this rich heritage with the insights of landscape theory both in and beyond the study of religions allows important new contributions to theorizing landscape and religion, especially when it comes to considering the perspectives on landscape held by rural populations rather than the urban upper classes that have stood in the focus of research to date. The example of the Icelandic Westfjords shows the extreme richness of religious and supernatural approaches to the landscape that can be developed in rural communities, and how they are significantly and characteristically different from the urban perspectives of literature and the arts.
    Keywords: landscape, religion, supernatural, space, place, folklore, folk belief, Iceland ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTP Historical geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples
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  • 7
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    Politics and the Urban Frontier (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the rise of global technocratic ideals of city-making, cities around the world are not merging into indistinguishable duplicates of one another. In fact, as the world urbanizes, urban formations remain diverse in their socio-economic and spatial characteristics, with varying potential to foster economic development and social justice. This book argues that these differences are primarily rooted in politics, and if we continue to view cities as economic and technological projects to be managed rather than terrains of political bargaining and contestation, the quest for better urban futures is doomed to fail. Dominant critical approaches to urban development tend to explain difference with reference to the variegated impacts of neoliberal regulatory institutions. This, however, neglects the multiple ways in which the wider politics of capital accumulation and distribution drive divergent forms of transformation in different urban places. In order to unpack the politics that shapes differential urban development, this book focuses on East Africa as the global urban frontier: the least urbanized but fastest urbanizing region in the world. Drawing on a decade of research spanning three case-study countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Uganda), Politics and the Urban Frontier provides the first sustained, book-length comparative analysis of urban development trajectories in Eastern Africa and the political dynamics underpinning them. Through a focus on infrastructure investment, urban propertyscapes, street-level trading economies, and urban political protest, it offers a multi-scalar, historically grounded, and interdisciplinary analysis of the urban transformations unfolding in the world’s most dynamic crucible of urban change.
    Keywords: urban development, East Africa, comparative urban politics, late urbanization, infrastructure, planning, protest, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVS Regional / urban economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography::RGCM Economic geography
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Social Democratic Capitalism (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: What configuration of institutions and policies is most conducive to human flourishing? The historical and comparative evidence suggests that the answer is social democratic capitalism — a democratic political system, a capitalist economy, good elementary and secondary schooling, a big welfare state, pro-employment public services, and moderate regulation of product and labor markets. Lane Kenworthy shows that this system improves living standards for the least well-off, enhances economic security, and boosts equality of opportunity. And it does so without sacrificing other things we want in a good society, from liberty to economic growth to health and happiness. Its chief practitioners have been the Nordic nations. The Nordics have gone farther than other rich democratic countries in coupling a big welfare state with public services that promote high employment and modest product- and labor-market regulations. Many believe this system isn’t transferable beyond Scandinavia, but Kenworthy shows that social democratic capitalism and its successes can be replicated in other affluent nations, including the United States. Today, the U.S. lags behind other countries in economic security, opportunity, and shared prosperity. If the U.S. expanded existing social programs and added some additional ones, many Americans would have better lives. Kenworthy argues that, despite formidable political obstacles, the U.S. is likely to move toward social democratic capitalism in coming decades. As a country gets richer, he explains, it becomes more willing to spend more in order to safeguard against risk and enhance fairness. He lays out a detailed policy agenda that could alleviate many of America’s problems.
    Keywords: Social democratic capitalism, American politics, comparative politics, Western European politics, democracy, capitalism, welfare state, economic reform, regulation, economic equality ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
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  • 9
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    Languages and Communities in the Late-Roman and Post-Imperial Western Provinces (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Languages are central to the creation and expression of identities and cultures, as well as to life itself, yet the linguistic variegation of the later-Roman and post-imperial period in the Roman West is remarkably understudied. A deeper understanding of this important issue is crucial to any reconstruction of the broader story of linguistic continuity and change in Europe and the Mediterranean, as well as to the history of the communities who wrote, read, and spoke Latin and other languages. In spite of intensive study of culture and ethnic identity in late antiquity, language has often been neglected, a neglect encouraged by the disciplinary boundaries between linguists and historians, Romanists, and medievalists. There is no single volume that sets out the main developments, key features, and debates of the later-Roman and post-imperial linguistic environment. The linguistic landscapes of the late-Roman and post-imperial West are difficult to uncover and describe, while attempts to speak across disciplinary divides are challenging. The contributors have tackled this subject by offering detailed coverage of the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, Gaul, the Germanies, Britain, and Ireland. This volume, the third in the LatinNow series, helps readers to understand better the embeddedness, or not, of Latin, at different social levels and across provinces, to consider (socio)linguistic variegation, bilingualism and multilingualism, and attitudes towards languages, and to confront the complex role of language in the communities, identities, and cultures of the later and post-imperial Roman West.
    Keywords: early middle ages, Gaul, the Germanies, Iberian Peninsula, later Roman world, Latin, local language, sociolinguistics, western provinces ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics
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  • 10
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    Gauge theory of elementary particle physics (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Students of particle physics often find it difficult to locate resources to learn calculational techniques. Intermediate steps are not usually given in the research literature. To a certain extent, this is also the case even in some of the textbooks. In this book of worked problems we have made an effort to provide enough details so that a student starting in the field will understand the solution in each case. Our hope is that with this step-by-step guidance, students (after first attempting the solution themselves) can develop their skill, and confidence in their ability, to work out particle theory problems.
    Keywords: nuclear physics, mathematical and statistical physics, pure mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFC Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHK Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics
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  • 11
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    Babies in Groups (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Babies in Groups examines the consequences for science, for childcare policy, and for adult psychotherapy, of findings that young babies capably enjoy participating in groups. The authors’ research on preverbal infants’ capacities for group-communication in all-baby trios and quartets opens up new ways of imagining human development as fundamentally group-based. Babies in Groups highlights the changes a group-based vision of infancy brings to early child education and care by documenting the transformative consequences of introducing group-based practices into a high-quality childcare service in rural Australia. The book also examines the ways in which the belief that one-to-one infant-adult ‘attachments’ grounds human development unnecessarily narrows understanding of human potential, and slants scientific research. This examination culminates by showing how ignoring group contexts in many clinical traditions can distort descriptions of what happens in therapy, producing such unintended consequences as ‘mother-blaming’ for the future problems an infant may experience as she or he grows up.
    Keywords: attachment theory; childcare; childcare policy; cultural criticism; dyadic vision; early education; group psychology; human evolution; intersubjectivity; psychotherapy. ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child, developmental and lifespan psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLA Pre-school and kindergarten ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
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  • 12
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    The Politics of Revenue Bargaining in Africa (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This book examines the politics of revenue bargaining in Africa in a time when attention to domestic revenue mobilisation has expanded immensely. Measures to increase taxes and other revenues can -but do not always- lead to a process of bargaining, where revenue providers negotiate for some kind of a return. This book offers in-depth analyses of micro-instances of revenue bargaining across five African countries: Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda. All case studies draw on a common theoretical framework combining the fiscal contract theory with the political settlement approach, which enables a systematic exploration into what triggers revenue bargaining; how these processes unfold; and finally, if and when they reach an agreement (whether a fiscal contract or not). From the empirically rich case narratives emerges a story of how power and initial bargaining position influence not only whether bargaining emerges in the first place, but also the processes and their outcomes. Less resourceful taxpayers are in a more difficult position to raise their voice, but in some cases even these groups manage to ally with other civil society groups to protest against tax reforms they perceive as unfair. Indirect taxes such as VAT often trigger protests, and so do sudden changes in tax practices. Revenue providers rarely call for improved services in return for paying tax, which would be expected to nurture the foundation for a fiscal social contract. Instead, revenue providers are more likely to negotiate for tax reductions, implying that governments’ effort to increase revenue is impeded. We do find many instances of state-society reciprocity when ruling elites try to be responsive to revenue providers’ demands. Hence, this book gives insight into the nature and dynamics not only of revenue bargaining but of policy-making in general as well as the implications hereof for state-society reciprocity in Africa.
    Keywords: Revenue bargaining; fiscal contract; political settlement; Africa; taxation; state-society relations; political economy; domestic revenue mobilisation; reciprocity; comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1H Africa
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    The Practical Playbook III (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Every day, two or three women die because of pregnancy or childbirth. Nearly 80% of these deaths are preventable. These outcomes disproportionately impact racialized populations, including Black and Indigenous women, who are two to three times more likely to die. The Practical Playbook III: Working Together to Improve Maternal Health is a guide for maternal health stakeholders (like researchers, community activists, providers, and advocates) offering practical tools and strategies to address inequities in maternal health services and outcomes. With contributions from more than 150 authors, each chapter offers a different strategy that stakeholders can apply to improve maternal health in their community. The 50 chapters are divided into six main sections: Section I, Introduction; Section II, Collaborations; Section III, Equity; Section IV, Data; Section V, Innovations; and Section VI, Systems and Scalability. The chapters focus on ways to save mothers by centering equity, collaborating with people with lived experience, building better data systems, piloting and expanding innovations, and leveraging resources to scale and sustain what works. Throughout the book, readers encounter stories from women and birthing people that bring the problems and solutions into better focus. The editors are committed to continuing to share information about initiatives that are moving the needle through our online platforms.
    Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Maternal Morbidity Racial Disparities, maternal health equity, maternal health stakeholders, playbook, Maternal Health Data, Collaboration, Innovation, Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKC Gynaecology and obstetrics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology and Medical statistics
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  • 14
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    Comparing the Worth of the While in Fiji and Finland (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Comparing the Worth of the While in Fiji and Finland presents comparative case studies of clock time from Fiji and Finland in order to ask what other values is time capable of expressing besides monetary worth – what “else” can time be besides money? Time is a highly particular vehicle for different considerations of what is good or important, but it is also one which is deployed at different settings with surprisingly little consideration for the specificity of this particular a value form. This book looks into the different ways in which time is deployed in value projects in Fiji and Finland, not just to point out the various possible ways of allocating value to time, but to show that European clock-time, just like its Oceanic counterparts, requires a great deal of conceptual work to make it serve as vehicle of valuation. The cases analysed in the book range from considerations of rank and conspicuous leisure in Fiji to Finnish timebanking, taxation, and university auditing.
    Keywords: Fiji, Finland, time, value, anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PG Astronomy, space & time::PGZ Time (chronology), time systems & standards ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology
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  • 15
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    The Impact of the Inter-American Human Rights System (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) fosters structural transformations throughout the Americas. This collection of analyses builds upon the studies on Ius Constitutionale Commune en América Latina and Latin American transformative constitutionalism to map out both the ground-level human rights impact of the IAHRS and the institutional characteristics that have enabled such fundamental changes in social reality. The volume starts with essays framing the concept and context of IAHRS impact. Then it navigates thematic analyses on specific rights and types of violations that are front and center to the protection of human rights in Latin America. The concluding essays explore whether and how it is possible to optimize the actions of the Inter-American System, indicating possible paths to increase positive human rights impact. The editors contend that the IAHRS victim-centric approach, community of practice, and openness to institutional reinvention have enabled it to create a virtuous cycle that catalyzes human rights in the Americas, furthering democracy and the Rule of Law throughout the continent.
    Keywords: Inter-American System, impact, human rights, Transformative Constitutionalism, Latin America ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBZ Public international law: criminal law ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1K The Americas::1KL Latin America – Mexico, Central America, South America ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBR Public international law: human rights
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  • 16
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    The Nature of Physical Computation (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computing systems are everywhere today. Even the brain is thought to be a sort of computing system. But what does it mean to say that a given organ or system computes? What is it about laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems that they are deemed to compute, and why does it seldom occur to us to describe stomachs, hurricanes, rocks, or chairs that way? The book provides an extended argument for the semantic view of computation, which states that semantic properties are involved in the nature of computing systems. Laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems compute because they are accompanied by representations. Stomachs, hurricanes, and rocks, for instance, which do not have semantic properties, do not compute. The first part of the book argues that the linkage between the mathematical theory of computability and the notion of physical computation is weak. Theoretical notions such as algorithms, effective procedure, program, and automaton play only a minor role in identifying physical computation. The second part of the book reviews three influential accounts of physical computation and argues that while none of these accounts is satisfactory, each of them highlights certain key features of physical computation. The final part of the book develops and argues for a semantic account of physical computation and offers a characterization of computational explanations.
    Keywords: Metaphysics; Philosophy of Mathematics & Logic; Philosophy of Computational Science; Philosophy of Mathematics & Logic ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 17
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    Cultural Change in Post-Migrant Societies (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: The volume offers insights into new theoretical approaches that should make it possible to analyse cultural change through migration. It focuses on concrete activities in local contexts and their significance for national narratives. Finally, it presents newer approaches in migration studies that use artistic methods and work with cultural institutions to drive cultural change.
    Description: Der Band bietet Einblick in neue theoretische Ansätze, die ermöglichen sollen, kulturellen Wandel durch Migration zu analysieren. Er richtet den Blick auf konkrete Aktivitäten in lokalen Kontexten und deren Bedeutung für nationale Narrative. Abschließend präsentiert er neuere Ansätze in der Migrationsforschung, die sich künstlerischer Methoden bedienen und mit kulturellen Institutionen zusammenarbeiten, um kulturelle Veränderung voranzutreiben.
    Keywords: Migration; Postmigration; kultureller Wandel; Kunst; Kultur ; ÖFOS 2012 -- SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN (5) -- Soziologie (504) -- Soziologie (5040) -- Migrationsforschung (504021) ; ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Andere Geisteswissenschaften (605) -- Andere Geisteswissenschaften (6050) -- Kulturwissenschaft (605004) ; Migration; postmigration; cultural change; art; culture ; ÖFOS 2012 -- SOCIAL SCIENCES (5) -- Sociology (504) -- Sociology (5040) -- Migration research (504021) ; ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- Other Humanities (605) -- Other Humanities (6050) -- Cultural studies (605004)
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  • 18
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    Social Factors in the Latinization of the Roman West (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: Latinization is a strangely overlooked topic. Historians have noted it has been ‘taken for granted’ and viewed as an unremarkable by-product of ‘Romanization’, despite its central importance for understanding the Roman provincial world, its life and languages. This volume aims to fill the gap in our scholarship, along with its sister volumes, Latinization, Local Languages and Literacies in the Roman West and Languages and Communities in the Late-Roman and Post-Imperial Western Provinces, all outputs of the European Research Council-funded LatinNow project. Experts have been selected to create a multidisciplinary volume with a thematic approach to the vast subject, tackling administration, army, economy, law, mobility, religion (local and imperial religions and Christianity), social status, and urbanism. They situate the phenomena of Latinization, literacy, bi-, and multilingualism within local and broader social developments and draw together materials and arguments that have not before been coordinated in a single volume. The result is a comprehensive guide to the theme, which also offers original and more experimental work. The sociolinguistic, historical, and archaeological contributions reinforce, expand, and sometimes challenge our vision of Latinization and lay the foundations for future explorations.
    Keywords: army, economy, education, law, Latinization, mobility, religion, Roman western provinces, sociolinguistics, status, urbanism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics
    Language: English
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    Responsibility and Healthcare (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Questions of responsibility arise at all levels of health care. Most prominent has been the issue of patient responsibility. Some health conditions that risk death or serious harm are partly the result of lifestyle behaviours such as smoking, lack of exercise, or extreme sports. Are patients with such conditions responsible for them? If so, might healthcare providers, be they state-run systems or private entities, be justified in treating such patients differently? And if they are, which forms of differential treatment are justified? Responsibility isn’t just relevant for patients. Even when individuals affect their health through voluntary behaviour, other influences are also at work before, during, and after the patient’s interaction with the health care system. What are the responsibilities of individual clinicians and other medical professionals, when thinking about individual and public health? What about institutions such as governments or national health care services, or society as a whole? This collection brings together work by world-renowned experts in population ethics, distributive justice, philosophy of action, cognitive science, and medical ethics in order to push the debate forward by elucidating our understanding of these questions, their possible answers, and how they are related.
    Keywords: responsibility, health, health care, ethics, medical ethics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNT Social law and Medical law::LNTJ Public health and safety law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
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    Access to Power (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Pakistan would desperately like to produce enough electricity, but it usually doesn’t. This is the rare issue on which government and private sector can unite, and it is the cause of suffering for rich and poor alike across the entirety of the country. Despite prioritization by successive governments, targeted reforms shaped by international development actors, and featuring prominently in Chinese Belt and Road Investments, the Pakistani power sector still stifles economic and social life across the country. This book explores state capacity in Pakistan by following the material infrastructure of electricity across the provinces and down into cities and homes. It argues that the national challenges of budgetary constraints and power shortages directly result from conscious strategic decisions that are integral to Pakistan’s infrastructural state. Electricity shortages are one of the many poor governance outcomes characteristic of low- and middle-income countries. Standard development thinking points to an absence of institutions in comparison with an idealized and distant other country, with governance reform programs formulated accordingly. However, an orientation toward what Pakistan is not takes us away from how it actually functions and to whose benefit. Electricity governance in Pakistan reinforces relations of power between provinces and the federal center, contributes to the marginalization of subordinate groups in the city, and orients citizens toward a patronage-based relationship with the state through encounters with street-level bureaucrats. Looking through the lens of the electrical power sector reveals how Pakistan works, and for whom.
    Keywords: state capacity, infrastructure, electricity, Pakistan, urban, ethnography, institutions, political economy, development, China–Pakistan Economic Corridor ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
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    Would Democratic Socialism Be Better? (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The case for a modern democratic humane socialism typically has two parts. The first is that capitalism is bad, at or least not very good. In reaching this conclusion, most have either analyzed a theoretical ideal-type of capitalism or used a single country, often the United States, as a stand-in for capitalism. To fully and fairly assess democratic socialism’s desirability, we need to compare it to the best version of capitalism that humans have devised: social democratic capitalism, or what is often called the Nordic model. Each chapter in this book examines one of the things that we should want in a good society, that contemporary democratic socialists typically say they want, and that socialism might, conceivably, improve our ability to achieve: an end to poverty in rich countries, an end to poverty everywhere, more jobs, decent jobs, faster economic growth, inclusive growth, more public goods and services, affordable healthcare for all, helpful finance, truly democratic politics, economic democracy, less economic inequality, gender and racial equality, more community, and a livable planet. The book offers a close look at the evidence about how capitalist economies have performed on these outcomes, with particular attention to the performance of social democratic capitalism. The second part of the case for democratic socialism is the notion that it would be an improvement. For each of these outcomes, the book considers what, if anything, we can conclude about whether democratic socialism would do better than social democratic capitalism.
    Keywords: capitalism, socialism, Nordic model, poverty, employment, democracy, equality, inclusion, community ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
    Language: English
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    Mental Imagery (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book is about mental imagery and the important work it does in our mental life. It plays a crucial role in the vast majority of our perceptual episodes. It also helps us understand many of the most puzzling features of perception (like the way it is influenced in a top-down manner and the way different sense modalities interact). But mental imagery also plays a very important role in emotions, action execution, and even in our desires. In sum, there are very few mental phenomena that mental imagery doesn’t show up in—in some way or other. The hope is that if we understand what mental imagery is, how it works and how it is related to other mental phenomena, we can make real progress on a number of important questions about the mind. This book aims at an interdisciplinary audience. As it aims to combine philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience to understand mental imagery, I have not presupposed any prior knowledge in any of these disciplines. As a result, readers with no background in any of these disciplines can also follow the arguments.
    Keywords: mental imagery, imagination, perception, philosophy, psychology, neuroscience ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology::JMRP Perception ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 23
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    Extending the quasi-steady state approximation by changing variables (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 43-63 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The parameter domain for which the quasi-steady state assumption is valid can be considerably extended merely by a simple change of variable. This is demonstrated for a variety of biologically significant examples taken from enzyme kinetics, immunology and ecology.
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    Environmental fluctuations and the maintenance of genetic diversity in age or stage-structured populations (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 103-127 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The ability of random fluctuations in selection to maintain genetic diversity is greatly increased when generations overlap. This result has been derived previously using genetic models with very special assumptions about the population age structure. Here we explore its robustness in more realistic population models, with very general age structure or physiological structure. For a range of genetic models (haploid, diploid, single and multilocus) we find that the condition for maintaining genetic diversity generalizes almost without change. Genetic diversity is maintained by selection if a product of the form (generation overlap)×(selection intensity)×(variability in the selection regime) is sufficiently large, where the generation overlap is measured in units of Fisher's reproductive value. This conclusion is based on a local evolutionary stability analysis, which differs from the standard “protected polymorphism” criterion for the maintenance of genetic diversity. Simulation results match the predictions from the local stability analysis, but not those from the protected polymorphism criterion. The condition obtained here for maintaining genetic diversity requires fitness fluctuations that are substantial but well within the range observed in many studies of natural populations.
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    Book reviews (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 203-206 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458288
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    A community model of ciliateTetrahymena and bacteriaE. coli: Part II. Interactions in a batch system (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 265-283 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Premised on relatively simple assumptions, mathematical models like those of Monod, Pirt or Droop inadequately explain the complex transient behavior of microbial populations. In particular, these models fail to explain many aspects of the dynamics of aTetrahymena pyriformis-Escherichia coli community. In this study an alternative approach, an individual-based model, is employed to investigate the growth and interactions ofTetrahymena pyriformis andE. coli in a batch culture. Due to improved representation of physiological processes, the model provides a better agreement with experimental data of bacterial density and ciliate biomass than previous modeling studies. It predicts a much larger coexistence domain than rudimentary models, dependence of biomass dynamics on initial conditions (bacteria to ciliate biomasses ratio) and appropriate timing of minimal bacteria density. Moreover, it is found that accumulation ofE. coli sized particles andE. coli toxic metabolites has a stabilizing effect on the system.
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    Biometrics, biomathematics and the morphometric synthesis (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 313-365 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract At the core of contemporarymorphometrics—the quantitative study of biological shape variation—is a synthesis of two originally divergent methodological styles. One contributory tradition is the multivariate analysis of covariance matrices originally developed as biometrics and now dominant across a broad expanse of applied statistics. This approach, couched solely in the linear geometry of covariance structures, ignores biomathematical aspects of the original measurements. The other tributary emphasizes the direct visualization of changes in biological form. However, making objective the biological meaning of the features seen in those diagrams was always problematical; also, the representation of variation, as distinct from pairwise difference, proved infeasible. To combine these two variants of biomathematical modeling into a valid praxis for quantitative studies of biological shape was a goal earnestly sought though most of this century. That goal was finally achieved in the 1980s when techniques from mathematical statistics, multivariate biometrics, non-Euclidean geometry and computer graphics were combined in a coherent new system of tools for the complete regionalized quantitative analysis oflandmark points together with the biomedical images in which they are seen. In this morphometric synthesis, correspondence of landmarks (biologically labeled geometric points, like “bridge of the nose”) across specimens is taken as a biomathematical primitive. The shapes of configurations of landmarks are defined as equivalence classes with respect to the Euclidean similarity group and then represented as single points in David Kendall'sshape space, a Riemannian manifold with Procrustes distance as metric. All conventional multivariate strategies carry over to the study of shape variation and covariation when shapes are interpreted in the tangent space to the shape manifold at an average shape. For biomathematical interpretation of such analyses, one needs a basis for the tangent space compatible with the reality of local biotheoretical processes and explanations at many different geometric scales, and one needs graphics for visualizing average shape differences and other statistical contrasts there. Both of these needs are managed by thethin-plate spline, a deformation function that has an unusually helpful linear algebra. The spline also links the biometrics of landmarks to deformation analysis of the images from which the landmarks originally arose. This article reviews the history and principal tools of this synthesis in their biomathematical and biometrical context and demonstrates their usefulness in a study of focal neuroanatomical anomalies in schizophrenia.
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    A mathematical model of periodically pulsed chemotherapy: Tumor recurrence and metastasis in a competitive environment (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 425-447 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A competition model describing tumor-normal cell interaction with the added effects of periodically pulsed chemotherapy is discussed. The model describes parameter conditions needed to prevent relapse following attempts to remove the tumor or tumor metastasis. The effects of resistant tumor subpopulations are also investigated and recurrence prevention strategies are explored.
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    A model of growing vascular structures (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 409-424 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Increasing attention is being paid to the configuration and development of vascular structures and their possible correlations with physiological events. The study of angiogenesis in normal and pathological states as well as in the embryo and adult has provided new insights into the mechanism of vessel growth and organization of the vasculature. Various mathematical branching models have been developed. These constructions are mainly geometrical and only involve a branching phenomenon. We propose the use of a deterministic non-linear model based on physiological laws and hydrodynamics. Growth, branching and anastomosis, the three actual main events occurring in vascular growth, are included in this model. Space growth, including cells and vessels, is defined by a decreasing transformation. Space density and the length of new sprouts are controlled by a set of parameters. The conditions on these parameters are well established, which allows the production of realistic patterns.
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    The expected extinction time of a population within a system of interacting biological populations (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 555-568 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The quasi-stationary distribution of a population within a system of interacting populations is approximated by a stochastic logistic process. The parameters of this process can be expressed in the parameters of the full system. Using the diffusion approximation, an expression for the expected extinction time is derived from this logistic process. Since the expected extinction time is expressed in the parameters of the full system, the effect of these parameters on the extinction risk can be easily evaluated, which may be of use for studies in ecology, conservation biology and epidemiology. The outcome is compared with simulation results for the case of a prey-predator system.
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    Making sense of the combined effect of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 on lymphocytes using a mathematical model (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 569-594 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The cytokines are the information superhighway of the immune system. They are an important component of the integrated behavior of the system. In order to be able to have a good understanding of the immune system, we must be able to model the effect of cytokines and their combined effect. This work is a step in that direction. We study the combined effect of two cytokines: interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on some cells of the immune system. Interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 are important growth and differentiation factors for B and T cells. Interleukin-4 antagonizes the effect of interleukin-2 on B cells and some T cells while it synergizes with interleukin-2 on other T cells. We build a mathematical model of the interaction of both cytokines on T and B cells as a building block toward a model of the Th1/Th2 cross-regulation. The response of a given cell to the combination of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 is shown to involve competing dynamical effects which can lead to either antagnostic or synergistic combined effect.
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    Mathematical model of self-organizing hierarchies in animal societies (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 661-717 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We propose a mathematical approach to the modelling of self-organizing hierarchies in animal societies. This approach relies on a basic positive feedback mechanism that reinforces the ability of a given individual to win or to lose in a hierarchical interaction, depending on how many times it won or lost in previous interactions. Motivated by experiments carried out on primitively eusocial waspsPolistes, the model, is based on coupled differential equations supplemented with a small stochastic term. Numerical integrations allow many different hierarchical profiles to be obtained depending on the model parameters: (1) the particular form of the probability for an individual to win or lose a fight given its history, (2) the probability of interaction between two individuals, (3) the forgetting strength, which determines the rate at which events in the past are forgotten and no longer influence the force of an individual and (4) two individual recognition parameters, which set the contribution of individual recognition in the process of hierarchical genesis. We compare the results, expressed in terms of a hierarchical index or of the Landau number that describes the degree of linearity of the hierarchy, with various experimental results.
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    Melanin granule model for laser-induced thermal damage in the retina (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 809-810 
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459483
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    A mathematical model for fibro-proliferative wound healing disorders (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 787-808 
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The normal process of dermal wound healing fails in some cases, due to fibro-proliferative disorders such as keloid and hypertrophic scars. These types of abnormal healing may be regarded as pathologically excessive responses to wounding in terms of fibroblastic cell profiles and their inflammatory growth-factor mediators. Biologically, these conditions are poorly understood and current medical treatments are thus unreliable. In this paper, the authors apply an existing deterministic mathematical model for fibroplasia and wound contraction in adult mammalian dermis (Olsenet al., J. theor. Biol. 177, 113–128, 1995) to investigate key clinical problems concerning these healing disorders. A caricature model is proposed which retains the fundamental cellular and chemical components of the full model, in order to analyse the spatiotemporal dynamics of the initiation, progression, cessation and regression of fibro-contractive diseases in relation to normal healing. This model accounts for fibroblastic cell migration, proliferation and death and growth-factor diffusion, production by cells and tissue removal/decay. Explicit results are obtained in terms of the model processes and parameters. The rate of cellular production of the chemical is shown to be critical to the development of a stable pathological state. Further, cessation and/or regression of the disease depend on appropriate spatiotemporally varying forms for this production rate, which can be understood in terms of the bistability of the normal dermal and pathological steady states—a central property of the model, which is evident from stability and bifurcation analyses. The work predicts novel, biologically realistic and testable pathogenic and control mechanisms, the understanding of which will lead toward more effective strategies for clinical therapy of fibro-proliferative disorders.
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    Abrupt population changes along smooth environmental gradients (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 907-922 
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Populations often exhibit abrupt changes in abundance associated with a smooth, continuous change in some component of their environment, with the abruptness usually attributed to inter-specific interactions or physical extremes. This paper presents a spatially explicit single-species population model in which intra-specific interactions alone are responsible for such an abrupt change. The essential mechanism involves cooperation in both colonization (through enhanced recruitment near other individuals) and mortality (protection through a “safety-in-numbers” interaction). Large fluctuations in population density would likely be observable near the transition region.
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    Epidemic models: Their structure and relation to data (1996)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 1019-1022 
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459495
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    Material recycling in a closed aquatic ecosystem. I. Nitrogen transformation cycle and preferential utilization of ammonium to nitrate by phytoplankton as an optimal control problem (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 957-982 
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    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model of the nitrogen transformation cycle in an aquatic environment is studied. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle, a preferential utilization of ammonium to nitrate by phytoplankton is explained and verified by experimental data. A multiparameter bifurcation is given. The model was found to have four types of equilibrium sets. It is shown that a Hopf bifurcation may occur.
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    Parallel computation enables precise description of Ca2+ distribution in nerve terminals (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 1075-1097 
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    Notes: Abstract Parallel computation employing a domain decomposition method was used to calculate precisely without approximations the spatio-temporal distribution of Ca2+ in nerve terminals. The results showed, contrary to expectations, that for equal admitted Ca2+ currents at low (one channel open) and high (four channels open) depolarization, the average Ca2+ concentration at the release area is higher at the low depolarization. These calculations provide additional support for the Ca2+-voltage hypothesis for neurotransmitter release.
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    Modeling immunotherapy for allergy (1996)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 1099-1121 
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    Notes: Abstract Type I hypersensitivity, which functions to protect the organism from parasites, is caused by binding of antigen to IgE antibodies pre-attached to the cell surface of tissue mast cells and their circulating counterparts, the basophils. In “allergy,” type I hypersensitivity is inappropriately induced by protein-based foreign substances (such as pollen) or protein components of insect stings, which in the normal course of events would be cleared from the organism without causing any damage. Paradoxically, a successful clinical treatment of allergy involves repeated immunization of allergic persons with low doses of the allergen—immunotherapy. Investigation of the available experimental evidence leads to the conclusion that the phenomena of immunotherapy are best addressed in terms of the interplay among the mechanism(s) of immune memory—Th1/Th2 cross-regulation—and the physical compart-mentalization of the immune system. These conclusions are illustrated with a numerical simulation.
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    Weakly dissipative predator-prey systems (1996)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 835-859 
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    Notes: Abstract In the presence of seasonal forcing, predator-prey models with quadratic interaction terms and weak dissipation can exhibit infinite numbers of coexisting periodic attractors corresponding to cycles of different magnitude and frequency. These motions are best understood with reference to the conservative case, for which the degree of dissipation is, by definition, zero. Here one observes the familiar mix of “regular” (neutrally stable orbits and tori) and chaotic motion typical of non-integrable Hamiltonian systems. Perturbing away from the conservative limit, the chaos becomes transitory. In addition, the invariant tori are destroyed and the neutrally stable periodic orbits becomes stable limit cycles, the basins of attraction of which are intertwined in a complicated fashion. As a result, stochastic perturbations can bounce the system from one basin to another with consequent changes in system behavior. Biologically, weak dissipation corresponds to the case in which predators are able to regulate the density of their prey well below carrying capacity.
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    A pharmacodynamic model for the action of the antibiotic imipenem onPseudomonas aeruginosa populationsin vitro (1996)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 923-938 
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    Notes: Abstract The standard method for measuringin vitro antibiotic efficacy is based on a point observation of bacterial activity 18 hours after inoculation. The method, while simple, forgoes significant information by ignoring the dynamics of the interations between antibiotic and bacteria. This paper proposes a simple dynamic model describing these interactions. The model consists of two non-linear differential equations of the S-system type. Its parameter values are estimated, through the minimization of residual errors, from data on the effect of the carbapenem antibiotic imipenem onPseudomonas aeruginosa. The model adequately describes the dynamic behavior of the bacterial populations in the presence of the antibiotic: beginning with drug administration, then through the decline of the bacterial population and possibly ending with bacterial resurgence.
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    Persistence of the weaker species in a non-homogeneous competitive system: Exact result through a quantum mechanical analogy (1996)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 1001-1018 
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    Notes: Abstract We have studied an ecological system of two species, which we denotestrong andweak, respectively, that compete for a single food resource. This system is modelled as a three component reaction-diffusion process. In the presence of a solitary pulse of increased resources, the weaker competitor can diffuse toward this surplus, gaining a competitive advantage and hence persisting in contraposition with the classical Lotka-Volterra result. An exact analytical solution has been found through a quantum mechanical analogy. A stability analysis of this solution against changes in different parameters has been carried out.
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    Numerical simulation of collapsible-tube flows with sinusoidal forced oscillations (1996)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 1023-1046 
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    Notes: Abstract Collapsible-tube flow with self-excited oscillations has been extensively investigated. Though physiologically relevant, forced oscillation coupled with self-excited oscillation has received little attention in this context. Based on an ODE model of collapsible-tube flow, the present study applies modern dynamics methods to investigate numerically the responses of forced oscillation to a limit-cycle oscillation which has topological characteristics discovered in previous unforced experiments. A devil's staircase and period-doubling cascades are presented with forcing frequency and amplitude as control parameters. In both cases, details are provided in a bifurcation diagram. Poincaré sections, a frequency spectrum and the largest Lyapunov exponents verify the existence of chaos in some circumstances. The thin fractal structure found in the strange attractors is believed to be a result of high damping and low stiffness in such systems.
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    Determination of pulmonary mean transit time and cardiac output using a one-dimensional model (1996)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 1155-1170 
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    Notes: Abstract In this work, we show that a one-dimensional model of the blood flow across the lungs can reproduce the evolution of a bolus versus the time. Solving the differential equation governing the bolus concentration in the framework of this model, we determine the solution which fulfills Gaussian initial boundary conditions. An effective parameter related to the ratio of a diffusion coefficient to the square of the mean speed of the flow is defined. The determination of its numerical values following a semi-empirical approach enables us to know accurately the mean transit time and the cardiac output. The results have been compared to other methods, and were found in good agreement. Such an approach could be of interest in all studies where the knowledge of flow—including micro-circulation—is needed.
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    Competition during colonization vs competition after colonization in disturbed environments: A metapopulation approach (1996)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 1187-1207 
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    Notes: Abstract How two species interact during and after colonization influences which of them will be present in each stage of succession. In the tolerance model of ecological succession in a patchy environment, empty patches can be colonized by any species, but the ability to tolerate reduced resource levels determines which species will exclude the other. Here, we analyze a meta-population model of the possible roles of competition in colonization and succession, using non-linear Markov chains as a mathematical framework. Different kinds of competition affect the final equilibrial, abundances of the species involved in qualitatively different ways. An explicit criterion is given to determine which interactions have stronger effects on the final equilibrial levels of the weaker, species. Precise conditions are stated for the co-existence of both species. Both species are more likely to co-exist in the presence of an intermediate disturbance frequency.
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    Cable analysis of a motor-nerve terminal branch in a volume conductor (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 1-17 
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    Notes: Abstract An equivalent electrical circuit is given for a branch of an amphibian motor-nerve terminal in a volume conductor. The circuit allows for longitudinal current flow inside the axon as well as between the axon and its Schwann cell sheath, and also for the radial leakage of current through the Schwann cell sheath. Analytical and numerical solutions are found for the spatial and time dependence of the membrane potential resulting from the injection of depolarizing current pulses by external electrodes at one or two separate locations on the terminal. These solutions show that the depolarization at an injection site can cause a hyperpolarization at sites a short distance away. This effect becomes more pronounced in a short terminal with sealed-end boundary conditions. The hyperpolarization provides a possible explanation for recent experimental results, which show that the average quantal release due to a test depolarizing current pulse delivered by an electrode at one site on a nerve terminal is reduced by the application of an identical conditioning pulse at a neighbouring site.
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    A mathematical model for simulating virus transport through synthetic barriers (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 113-140 
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    Notes: Abstract Synthetic barriers such as gloves, condoms and masks are widely used in efforts to prevent disease transmission. Due to manufacturing defects, tears arising during use, or material porosity, there is inevitably a risk associated with use of these barriers. An understanding of virus transport through the relevant passageways would be valuable in quantifying the risk. However, experimental investigations involving such passageways are difficult to perform, owing to the small dimensions involved. This paper presents a mathematical model for analyzing and predicting virus transport through barriers. The model incorporates a mathematical description of the mechanisms of virus transport, which include carrier-fluid flow, Brownian motion, and attraction or repulsion via virus-barrier interaction forces. The critical element of the model is the empirically determined rate constant characterizing the interaction force between the virus and the barrier. Once the model has been calibrated through specification of the rate constant, it can predict virus concentration under a wide variety of conditions. The experiments used to calibrate the model are described, and the rate constants are given for four bacterial viruses interacting with a latex membrane in saline. Rate constants were also determined for different carrier-fluid salinities, and the salt concentration was found to have a pronounced effect. Validation experiments employing laser-drilled pores in condoms were also performed to test the calibrated model. Model predictions of amount of transmitted virus through the drilled holes agreed well with measured values. Calculations using determined rate constants show that the model can help identify situations where barrier-integrity tests could significantly underestimate the risk associated with barrier use.
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    Analysis of intra-uterine fluid motion induced by uterine contractions (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 221-238 
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    Notes: Abstract Evaluation of the fluid flow pattern in a non-pregnant uterus is important for understanding embryo transport in the uterus. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube and the embryo (fertilized ovum) enters the uterine cavity within 3 days of ovulation. In the uterus, the embryo is conveyed by the uterine fluid for another 3 to 4 days to a successful implantation site at the upper part of the uterus. Fluid movements within the uterus may be induced by several mechanisms, but they seem to be dominated by myometrial contractions. Intra-uterine fluid transport in a sagittal cross-section of the uterus was simulated by a model of wall-induced fluid motion within a two-dimensional channel. The time-dependent fluid pattern was studied by employing the lubrication theory. A comprehensive analysis of peristaltic transport resulting from symmetric and asymmetric contractions is presented for various displacement waves on the channel walls. The results provide information on the flow field and possible trajectories by which an embryo may be transported before implantation at the uterine wall.
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    Replication potential of cells via the protein kinase C-MAPK pathway: Application of a mathematical model (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 379-398 
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    Notes: Abstract A mechanistically based mathematical model is used to investigate some of the important factors in priming hepatocytes to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The model considers all of the relevant biochemical mechanisms from signal-receptor binding to the elevation of AP-1(activation protein transcription factor) levels. Focus is centered on the chain of biochemical events governing the sequential activation of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AP-1. Factors such as amplitude and duration of growth factors signals, the kinetics of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) conversion, and the negative feedback control mechanisms governing initial steps in cellular replication were theoretically examined. The results of our theoretical assessments support the finding that specific mutations along the PKC-AP1 pathways can have a critical effect on the rate at which cells enter the division cycle.
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    Velocity and stability of solitary planar travelling wave solutions of intracellular [Ca]2+ (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 273-301 
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    Notes: Abstract Normal cardiac muscle contraction occurs in response to a rapid rise followed by a slower decay in intracellular calcium concentration. When cardiac muscle cells are loaded with calcium, an intracellular store releases calcium into the cytosol by the process of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR). This release contributes to the rise in intracellular calcium which in turn triggers contraction. We use two qualitative piecewise linear reaction-diffusion models of this behaviour to investigate the speed, stability and waveform of plane waves using singular perturbation techniques.
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    Numerical simulations of stochastic circulatory models (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 365-377 
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    Notes: Abstract Properties of two of the stochastic circulatory models theoretically introduced by Smith et al., 1997, Bull. Math. Biol. 59, 1–22 were investigated. The models assumed the gamma distribution of the cycle time under either the geometric or Poisson elimination scheme. The reason for selecting these models was the fact that the probability density functions of the residence time of these models are formally similar to those of the Bateman and gamma-like function models, i.e., the two common deterministic models. Using published data, the analytical forms of the probability density functions of the residence time and the distributions of the simulated values of the residence time were determined on the basis of the deterministic models and the stochastic circulatory models, respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed that even for 1000 xenobiotic particles, i.e., a relatively small number if the particles imply drug molecules, the probability density functions of the residence time based on the deterministic models closely matched the distributions of the simulated values of the residence time obtained on the basis of the stochastic circulatory models, provided that parameters of the latter models fulfilled selected conditions.
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    About deterministic extinction in ratio-dependent predator-prey models (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 19-32 
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    Notes: Abstract Ratio-dependent predator-prey models set up a challenging issue regarding their dynamics near the origin. This is due to the fact that such models are undefined at (0, 0). We study the analytical behavior at (0, 0) for a common ratio-dependent model and demonstrate that this equilibrium can be either a saddle point or an attractor for certain trajectories. This fact has important implications concerning the global behavior of the model, for example regarding the existence of stable limit cycles. Then, we prove formally, for a general class of ratio-dependent models, that (0, 0) has its own basin of attraction in phase space, even when there exists a non-trivial stable or unstable equilibrium. Therefore, these models have no pathological dynamics on the axes and at the origin, contrary to what has been stated by some authors. Finally, we relate these findings to some published empirical results.
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    Parkinsonian tremor and simplification in network dynamics (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 157-177 
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    Notes: Abstract We explore the behavior of richly connected inhibitory neural networks under parameter changes that correspond to weakening of synaptic efficacies between network units, and show that transitions from irregular to periodic dynamics are common in such systems. The weakening of these connections leads to a reduction in the number of units that effectively drive the dynamics and thus to simpler behavior. We hypothesize that the multiple interconnecting loops of the brain’s motor circuitry, which involve many inhibitory connections, exhibit such transitions. Normal physiological tremor is irregular while other forms of tremor show more regular oscillations. Tremor in Parkinson’s disease, for example, stems from weakened synaptic efficacies of dopaminergic neurons in the nigro-striatal pathway, as in our general model. The multiplicity of structures involved in the production of symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and the reversibility of symptoms by pharmacological and surgical manipulation of connection parameters suggest that such a neural network model is appropriate. Furthermore, fixed points that can occur in the network models are suggestive of akinesia in Parkinson’s disease. This model is consistent with the view that normal physiological systems can be regulated by robust and richly connected feedback networks with complex dynamics, and that loss of complexity in the feedback structure due to disease leads to more orderly behavior.
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    Computational experience with a parallel algorithm for tetrangle inequality bound smoothing (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 987-1008 
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    Notes: Abstract Determining molecular structure from interatomic distances is an important and challenging problem. Given a molecule with n atoms, lower and upper bounds on interatomic distances can usually be obtained only for a small subset of the $$\frac{{n(n - 1)}}{2}$$ atom pairs, using NMR. Given the bounds so obtained on the distances between some of the atom pairs, it is often useful to compute tighter bounds on all the $$\frac{{n(n - 1)}}{2}$$ pairwise distances. This process is referred to as bound smoothing. The initial lower and upper bounds for the pairwise distances not measured are usually assumed to be 0 and ∞. One method for bound smoothing is to use the limits imposed by the triangle inequality. The distance bounds so obtained can often be tightened further by applying the tetrangle inequality—the limits imposed on the six pairwise distances among a set of four atoms (instead of three for the triangle inequalities). The tetrangle inequality is expressed by the Cayley—Menger determinants. For every quadruple of atoms, each pass of the tetrangle inequality bound smoothing procedure finds upper and lower limits on each of the six distances in the quadruple. Applying the tetrangle inequalities to each of the ( 4 n ) quadruples requires O(n 4) time. Here, we propose a parallel algorithm for bound smoothing employing the tetrangle inequality. Each pass of our algorithm requires O(n 3 log n) time on a CREW PRAM (Concurrent Read Exclusive Write Parallel Random Access Machine) with $$O\left( {\frac{n}{{\log n}}} \right)$$ processors. An implementation of this parallel algorithm on the Intel Paragon XP/S and its performance are also discussed.
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    Membrane skeleton detachment in spherical and cylindrical microexovesicles (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 1019-1030 
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    Notes: Abstract We observed that amphiphile-induced microexovesicles may be spherical or cylindrical, depending on the species of the added amphiphile. The spherical microexovesicle corresponds to an extreme local difference between the two monolayer areas of the membrane segment with a fixed area, while the cylindrical microexovesicle corresponds to an extreme local area difference if the area of the budding segment is increased due to lateral influx of anisotropic membrane constituents. Protein analysis showed that both types of vesicles are highly depleted in the membrane skeleton. It is suggested that a partial detachment of the skeleton in the budding region is favoured due to accumulated skeleton shear deformations in this region.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 1209-1210 
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    Controlling chaos in ecology: From deterministic to individual-based models (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 1187-1207 
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    Notes: Abstract The possibility of chaos control in biological systems has been stimulated by recent advances in the study of heart and brain tissue dynamics. More recently, some authors have conjectured that such a method might be applied to population dynamics and even play a nontrivial evolutionary role in ecology. In this paper we explore this idea by means of both mathematical and individual-based simulation models. Because of the intrinsic noise linked to individual behavior, controlling a noisy system becomes more difficult but, as shown here, it is a feasible task allowed to be experimentally tested.
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    Persistence in metabolic nets (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 573-595 
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    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to improve the understanding of complex metabolic dynamic phenomena, we have analysed several ‘metabolic networks’, dynamical systems which, under a single formulation, take into account the activity of several catalytic dissipative structures, interconnected by substrate fluxes and regulatory signals. These metabolic networks exhibit a rich variety of self-organized dynamic patterns, with e.g., phase transitions emerging in the whole activity of each network. We apply Hurst’s R/S analysis to several time series generated by these metabolic networks, and measure Hurst exponents H 〈 0.5 in most cases. This value of H, indicative of antipersistent processes, is detected at very high significance levels, estimated with detailed Monte Carlo simulations. These results show clearly the considered type of metabolic networks exhibit long-term memory phenomena.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 597-600 
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    RNA structures with pseudo-knots: Graph-theoretical, combinatorial, and statistical properties (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 437-467 
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    Notes: Abstract The secondary structures of nucleic acids form a particularly important class of contact structures. Many important RNA molecules, however, contain pseudo-knots, a structural feature that is excluded explicitly from the conventional definition of secondary structures. We propose here a generalization of secondary structures incorporating ‘non-nested’ pseudo-knots, which we call bi-secondary structures, and discuss measures for the complexity of more general contact structures based on their graph-theoretical properties. Bi-secondary structures are planar trivalent graphs that are characterized by special embedding properties. We derive exact upper bounds on their number (as a function of the chain length n) implying that there are fewer different structures than sequences. Computational results show that the number of bi-secondary structures grows approximately like 2.35n. Numerical studies based on kinetic folding and a simple extension of the standard energy model show that the global features of the sequence-structure map of RNA do not change when pseudo-knots are introduced into the secondary structure picture. We find a large fraction of neutral mutations and, in particular, networks of sequences that fold into the same shape. These neutral networks percolate through the entire sequence space.
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    A hydrostatic Michell framework supports frog lungs (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 683-700 
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    Notes: Abstract A braced framework of tubular struts, in the walls and air spaces of frog lungs, suspends the respiratory surface and holds the lung open at zero transmural pressure withstanding imploding forces created by abdominal viscera, much as would the supports of a bell tent. The struts are tubes, having a larger second moment of area than do solid struts of the same cross-sectional area, and so are stronger, and contain pulmonary vessels within a flexible wall. The orthogonal arrangement of the struts in the framework, explained in part by Maxwell’s Lemma and Michell’s Theorem, strengthens the framework and minimizes its weight; orthogonality is maintained as the lungs change size. A model is presented, in which a frog might control pre-and post-pulmonary vascular resistances and, hence, blood volume in the struts, without compromising pulmonary perfusion. Such adjustments could vary the area of lung and the extent of perfused capillaries exposed to pulmonary gas, helping match the lung’s surface area, weight and metabolic load to activity.
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    Theory of fast neurotransmitter release control based on voltage-dependent interaction between autoreceptors and proteins of the exocytotic machinery (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 701-725 
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    Notes: Abstract A molecular-level theory is constructed for the control of fast neurotransmitter release, based on recent experimental findings that depolarization shifts presynaptic autoreceptors to a low affinity state and that an autoreceptor must be bound to a transmitter before it can become associated with the exocytotic apparatus. It is assumed that such an association blocks release; experimental support for this assumption is cited. The theory provides mechanisms for key experimental results concerning the essence of the matter, what controls the time course of evoked release? The same general model can account for both evoked and spontaneous release. The new theory can be regarded as a molecular implementation of the (phenomenological) calcium-voltage hypothesis that was suggested earlier.
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 799-805 
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    Cellular automaton models for competition in patchy environments: Facilitation, inhibition, and tolerance (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 625-649 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We have developed cellular automaton models for two species competing in a patchy environment. We have modeled three common types of competition: facilitation (in which the winning species can colonize only after the losing species has arrived) inhibition (in which either species is able to prevent the other from colonizing) and tolerance (in which the species most tolerant of reduced resource levels wins). The state of a patch is defined by the presence or absence of each species. State transition probabilities are determined by rates of disturbance, competitive exclusion, and colonization. Colonization is restricted to neighboring patches. In all three models, disturbance permits regional persistence of species that are excluded by competition locally. Persistence, and hence diversity, is maximized at intermediate disturbance frequencies. If disturbance and dispersal rates are sufficiently high, the inferior competitor need not have a dispersal advantage to persist. Using a new method for measuring the spatial patterns of nominal data, we show that none of these competition models generates patchiness at equilibrium. In the inhibition model, however, transient patchiness decays very slowly. We compare the cellular automaton models to the corresponding mean-field patch-occupancy models, in which colonization is not restricted to neighboring patches and depends on spatially averaged species frequencies. The patch-occupancy model does an excellent job of predicting the equilibrium frequencies of the species and the conditions required for coexistence, but not of predicting transient behavior.
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    Reaction and diffusion on growing domains: Scenarios for robust pattern formation (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 1093-1120 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the sequence of patterns generated by a reaction—diffusion system on a growing domain. We derive a general evolution equation to incorporate domain growth in reaction—diffusion models and consider the case of slow and isotropic domain growth in one spatial dimension. We use a self-similarity argument to predict a frequency-doubling sequence of patterns for exponential domain growth and we find numerically that frequency-doubling is realized for a finite range of exponential growth rate. We consider pattern formation under different forms for the growth and show that in one dimension domain growth may be a mechanism for increased robustness of pattern formation.
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    On the evolution of pure winner and loser effects: A game-theoretic model (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 1151-1186 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The persistence of linear dominance hierarchies is often attributed to higher probabilities of a win after a win or a loss after a loss in agonistic interactions, yet there has been no theory on the evolution of such prior-experience effects. Here an analytic model, based on the idea that contests are determined by subjective perceptions of resource-holding potential (RHP) which animals may revise in the light of experience, demonstrates that winner and loser effects can evolve through round-robin competition among triads of animals drawn randomly from their population, and that the probability of a hierarchy increases with the strength of the combined effect. The effects are pure, in the sense that a contestant observes neither its own RHP nor its opponent’s RHP or RHP perception or win—loss record; and so the strength of an effect is unmodified by the RHPs of particular individuals, but depends on the distribution of RHP among the population at large. The greater the difference between an individual’s and its opponent’s RHP perception, the more likely it is to win a contest; however, if it overestimates its RHP, then the cost of fighting increases with the overestimate. A winner or loser effect exists only if the fitness gain of the beta individual in a hierarchy, relative to that of the alpha, is less than 0.5. Then a loser effect can exist alone, or it can coexist with a winner effect; however, there cannot exist a winner effect without a loser effect.
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    Multiple attractors, saddles, and population dynamics in periodic habitats (1999)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 1121-1149 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Mathematical models predict that a population which oscillates in the absence of time-dependent factors can develop multiple attracting final states in the advent of periodic forcing. A periodically-forced, stage-structured mathematical model predicted the transient and asymptotic behaviors of Tribolium (flour beetle) populations cultured in periodic habitats of fluctuating flour volume. Predictions included multiple (2-cycle) attractors, resonance and attenuation phenomena, and saddle influences. Stochasticity, combined with the deterministic effects of an unstable ’saddle cycle’ separating the two stable cycles, is used to explain the observed transients and final states of the experimental cultures. In experimental regimes containing multiple attractors, the presence of unstable invariant sets, as well as stochasticity and the nature, location, and size of basins of attraction, are all central to the interpretation of data.
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    Frequency domain design of FIR and IIR Laplacian of Gaussian filters for edge detection (1996)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 15 (1996), S. 555-572 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This work addresses the design of LoG filters in the frequency domain within a structure formed by the cascade of quasi-Gaussian and discrete Laplacian filters. The main feature of such a structure is that it requires half the number of convolutions of the classical structure in which the LoG transfer function is expressed as the sum of two separable transfer functions of 1-D Gaussian and LoG type. Such a perspective allows one to rephrase the design of IIR and FIR filters for edge detection as a frequency domain approximation problem solvable by standard digital filter design tools. The zero-phase IIR solutions have a good performance at low orders and approximation errors practically independent of the aperture parameter. The characteristics of the nearly linear-phase IIR filters solving the problem suggest the consideration of linear-phase FIR filters with zeros constrained on the unit circle. The use of such filters leads to remarkable computational savings with respect to the filters designed by impulse response sampling. The agreement between the edge values obtained by the filters designed according to the scheme proposed in this work and those obtained by standard techniques is very good.
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    Decreasing rearranged Fourier series (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 1-19 
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    Keywords: Primary: 42A20 ; Secondary 42C20 ; divergence of Fourier series ; rearrangement of Fourier series
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract There exists a continuous function whose Fourier sum, when taken in decreasing order of magnitude of the coefficients, diverges unboundedly almost everywhere.
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    Wavelets as unconditional bases inL p (ℝ) (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 73-85 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42C10 ; 46B15 ; 46E30 ; Wavelet ; unimodular wavelet ; unconditional basis
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present weak sufficient conditions for decay of a wavelet so that the wavelet basis is an unconditional basis in Lp(ℝ), 1 〈p 〈 ∞. We also prove that some unimodular wavelets yield unconditional bases in Lp(ℝ).
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    Compactly supported refinable distributions in Triebel-Lizorkin spaces and besov spaces (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 87-104 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42C15 ; 46E35 ; 42B30 ; refinable distribution ; Triebel-Lizorkin space ; Besov space ; multiresolution ; wavelet ; joint spectral radius
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this article is to characterize compactly supported refinable distributions in Triebel-Lizorkin spaces and Besov spaces by projection operators on certain wavelet space and by some operators on a finitely dimensional space.
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    Positive matrix functions on the bitorus with prescribed Fourier coefficients in a band (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 21-44 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42B99 ; 47B35 ; 15A54 ; 60G35 ; Positive extensions ; Toeplitz operators ; matrix functions on bitorus ; Wiener algebra ; band method ; entropy ; almost periodic functions ; ARMA processes
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    Notes: Abstract Let S be a band in Z2 bordered by two parallel lines that are of equal distance to the origin. Given a positive definite ℓ1 sequence of matrices {cj}j∈S we prove that there is a positive definite matrix function f in the Wiener algebra on the bitorus such that the Fourier coefficients $$\widehat{f(k)}$$ equal ck for k ∈ S. A parameterization is obtained for the set of all positive extensions f of {cj}j∈S. We also prove that among all matrix functions with these properties, there exists a distinguished one that maximizes the entropy. A formula is given for this distinguished matrix function. The results are interpreted in the context of spectral estimation of ARMA processes.
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    A sharper stability bound of Fourier frames (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 67-71 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42C15 ; Frame ; Frame sequence ; Fourier frame
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Given a real sequence {λn}n∈ℤ. Suppose that $$\left\{ {e^{i\lambda _n x} } \right\}_{n \in \mathbb{Z}}$$ is a frame for L2[−π, π] with bounds A, B. The problem is to find a positive constant L such that for any real sequence {μn}n∈ℤ with ¦μn −λn¦ ≤δ 〈L, $$\left\{ {e^{i\mu _n x} } \right\}_{n \in \mathbb{Z}}$$ is also a frame for L2[−π, π]. Balan [1] obtained $$L_R = \tfrac{1}{4} - \tfrac{1}{\pi }$$ arcsin $$\left( {\tfrac{1}{{\sqrt 2 }}\left( {1 - \sqrt {\tfrac{A}{B}} } \right)} \right)$$ . This value is a good stability bound of Fourier frames because it covers Kadec's 1/4-theorem $$\left( {L_R = \tfrac{1}{4}ifA = B} \right)$$ and is better than $$L_{DS} = \tfrac{1}{\pi }\ln \left( {1 + \sqrt {\tfrac{A}{B}} } \right)$$ (see Duffin and Schaefer [3]). In this paper, a sharper estimate is given.
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    On the stability of wavelet and Gabor frames (Riesz bases) (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 105-125 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 26B05 ; 42B10 ; 42C99 ; frame ; Gabor system ; Riesz basis ; stability ; wavelet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract If the sequence of functions ϕj, k is a wavelet frame (Riesz basis) or Gabor frame (Riesz basis), we obtain its perturbation system ψj,k which is still a frame (Riesz basis) under very mild conditions. For example, we do not need to know that the support of ϕ or ψ $$(\hat \phi or\hat \psi )$$ is compact as in [14]. We also discuss the stability of irregular sampling problems. In order to arrive at some of our results, we set up a general multivariate version of Littlewood-Paley type inequality which was originally considered by Lemarié and Meyer [17], then by Chui and Shi [9], and Long [16].
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    On lower bounds of exponential frames (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 185-192 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42C15 ; 30A10 ; 94A12 ; lower bound ; exponential frame ; sine-type-function ; irregular sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Lower frame bounds for sequences of exponentials are obtained in a special version of Avdonin's theorem on “1/4 in the mean” [1] and in a theorem of Duffin and Schaeffer [4].
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    A necessary condition for Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operators (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 303-308 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42B20 ; 42B30 ; Hardy spaces ; Calderon-Zygmund singular integral operator ; multipliers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operators have been extensively studied for almost half a century. This paper provides a context for and proof of the following result: If a Calderón-Zygmund convolution singular integral operator is bounded on the Hardy space H1 (Rn), then the homogeneous of degree zero kernel is in the Hardy space H1(Sn−1) on the sphere.
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    Spectral pairs in cartesian coordinates (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 285-302 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42C05 ; 22D25 ; 46L55 ; 47C05 ; spectral pair ; translations ; tilings ; Fourier basis ; operator extensions ; induced representations ; spectral resolution ; Hilbert space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let Ω ⊂ℝd have finite positive Lebesgue measure, and let $$\mathcal{L}^2$$ (Ω) be the corresponding Hilbert space of $$\mathcal{L}^2$$ -functions on Ω. We shall consider the exponential functionse λ on Ω given bye λ(x)=e i2πλ·x . If these functions form an orthogonal basis for $$\mathcal{L}^2$$ (Ω), when λ ranges over some subset Λ in ℝ d , then we say that (Ω, Λ) is a spectral pair, and that Λ is a spectrum. We conjecture that (Ω, Λ) is a spectral pair if and only if the translates of some set Ω′ by the vectors of Λ tile ℝd. In the special case of Ω=Id, the d-dimensional unit cube, we prove this conjecture, with Ω′=Id, for d≤3, describing all the tilings by Id, and for all d when Λ is a discrete periodic set. In an appendix we generalize the notion of spectral pair to measures on a locally compact abelian group and its dual.
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    Fourier asymptotics of statistically self-similar measures (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 355-362 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 28A80 ; 42B10 ; 60G57 ; random self-similar measures ; Fourier dimension ; Salem sets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we investigate the pointwise Fourier decay of some selfsimilar random measures. As an application we construct statistically selfsimilar Salem sets. For example, our result shows that a “slight” random perturbation of the classical Cantor set becomes a “nice” set in the sense that its Fourier dimension equals its Hausdorff dimension.
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    Editorial statement (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. v 
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    A necessary and sufficient condition for dual Weyl-Heisenberg frames to be compactly supported (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 409-419 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: Weyl-Heisenberg frame ; Zak transform ; polynomial matrix ; 42C15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this note we consider continuous-time Weyl-Heisenberg (Gabor) frame expansions with rational oversampling. We present a necessary and sufficient condition on a compactly supported function g(t) generating a Weyl-Heisenberg frame for L2 (ℝ) for its minimal dual (Wexler-Razdual) γ0 (t) to be compactly supported. We furthermore provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a band-limited function g(t) generating a Weyl-Heisenberg frame for L2 (ℝ) to have a band-limited minimal dual γ0 (t). As a consequence of these conditions, we show that in the cases of integer oversampling and critical sampling a compactly supported (band-limited) g(t) has a compactly supported (band-limited) minimal dual γ0(t) if and only if the Weyl-Heisenberg frame operator is a multiplication operator in the time (frequency) domain. Our proofs rely on the Zak transform, on the Zibulski-Zeevi representation of the Weyl-Heisenberg frame operator, and on the theory of polynomial matrices.
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    Editorial statement (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 521-522 
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    Topics: Mathematics
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    Vector Potential Theory on Nonsmooth Domains in R3 and Applications to Electromagnetic Scattering (1996)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 3 (1996), S. 131-192 
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study boundary value problems for the time-harmonic form of the Maxwell equations, as well as for other related systems of equations, on arbitrary Lipschitz domains in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The main goal is to develop the corresponding theory for Lp-integrable bounday data for optimal values of p's. We also discuss a number of relevant applications in electromagnetic scattering.
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    The Banach Algebra A* and Its Properties (1996)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 3 (1996), S. 103-129 
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Beurling's algebra $A^*=\{f:\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \sup_{k\le |m|} |\hat f (m)| 〈 \infty \}$ is considered. A* arises quite naturally in problems of summability of the Fourier series at Lebesgue points, whereas Wiener's algebra A of functions with absolutely convergent Fourier series arises when studying the norm convergence of linear means. Certainly, both algebras are used in some other areas. A* has many properties similar to those of A, but there are certain essential distinctions. A* is a regular Banach algebra, its space of maximal ideals coincides with $[-\pi,\pi],$ and its dual space is indicated. Analogs of Herz's and Wiener-Ditkin's theorems hold. Quantitative parameters in an analog of the Beurling-Pollard theorem differ from those for A. Several inclusion results comparing the algebra A* with certain Banach spaces of smooth functions are given. Some special properties of the analogous space for Fourier transforms on the real axis are presented. The paper ends with a summary of some open problems.
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    Pseudodifferential Operators on SU(2) (1996)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 3 (1996), S. 193-205 
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We construct an algebra of left-invariant pseudodifferential operators on SU(2). We require only that the symbols be homogeneous and C2. For Fourier-bandlimited symbols, we derive the expected formulae for composition and commutators and construct an orthonormal basis of common approximate eigenvectors that could be used to study spectral theory. Some remarks on applications to matrices of operators are made.
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    Rational smoothness and fixed points of torus actions (1999)
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    Transformation groups 4 (1999), S. 127-156 
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We obtain a criterion for rational smoothness of an algebraic variety with a torus action, with applications to orbit closures in flag varieties, and to closures of double classes in regular group completions.
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    Towards spetses I (1999)
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    Transformation groups 4 (1999), S. 157-218 
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    ISSN: 1531-586X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a formalization, using data uniquely defined at the level of the Weyl group, of the construction and combinatorial properties of unipotent character sheaves and unipotent characters for reductive algebraic groups over an algebraic closure of a finite field. This formalization extends to the case where the Weyl group is replaced by a complex reflection group, and in many cases we get families of unipotent characters for a mysterious object, a kind of reductive algebraic group with a nonreal Weyl group, the “spets”. In this first part, we present the general results about complex reflection groups, their associated braid groups and Hecke algebras, which will be needed later on for properties of “spetses”. Not all irreducible complex reflection groups will give rise to a spets (the ones which do so are called “spetsial”), but all of them afford properties which already allow us to generalize many of the notions attached to the Weyl groups through the approach of “generic groups” (see [BMM1]).
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    Coordinates on Schubert cells, Kostant's harmonic forms, and the Bruhat Poisson structure onG/B (1999)
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    Transformation groups 4 (1999), S. 355-374 
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    Notes: Abstract For the flag manifoldX=G/B of a complex semi-simple Lie groupG, we make connections between the Kostant harmonic forms onG/B and the geometry of the Bruhat Poisson structure. We show that on each Schubert cell, the corresponding Kostant harmonic form can be described using only data coming from the Bruhat Poisson structure. We do this by using an explicit set of coordinates on the Schubert cell.
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    Weighted norm inequalities for geometric fractional maximal operators (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 45-66 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42B25 ; Fractional maximal operator ; weighted norm inequalities
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For 0 ≤α 〈 ∞ let Tαf denote one of the operators $$M_{\alpha ,0} f(x) = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{I \mathrel\backepsilon x} \left| I \right|^\alpha \exp \left( {\frac{1}{{\left| I \right|}}\int_I {\log \left| f \right|} } \right),M_{\alpha ,0}^* f(x) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{r \searrow 0} \mathop {\sup }\limits_{I \mathrel\backepsilon x} \left| I \right|^\alpha \left( {\frac{1}{{\left| I \right|}}\int_I {\left| f \right|^r } } \right)^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 r}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} r}} .$$ We characterize the pairs of weights (u, v) for which Tα is a bounded operator from Lp(v) to Lq(u), 0 〈p ≤q 〈 ∞. This extends to α 〉 0 the norm inequalities for α=0 in [4, 16]. As an application we give lower bounds for convolutions ϕ ⋆ f, where ϕ is a radially decreasing function.
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    On discrete and continuous norms in Paley-Wiener spaces and consequences for exponential frames (1999)
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 193-201 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: Primary 30D15 ; 42C15 ; Secondary 30D10 ; 42C30 ; Paley-Wiener space ; entire functions of exponential type ; exponential frames ; discrete norms ; sampling theorem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is well known that for certain sequences {tn}n∈ℤ the usual Lp norm ∥·∥p in the Paley-Wiener space PW τ p is equivalent to the discrete norm ‖f‖p,{tn}:=(∑ n=−∞ ∞ |f(tn)|p)1/p for 1 ≤ p = 〈 ∞ and ‖f‖∞,{tn}:=sup n∈ℤ|f(tn| for p=∞). We estimate ∥f∥p from above by C∥f∥p, n and give an explicit value for C depending only on p, τ, and characteristic parameters of the sequence {tn}n∈ℤ. This includes an explicit lower frame bound in a famous theorem of Duffin and Schaeffer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01261609
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    Fractal differential equations on the Sierpinski gasket (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 203-284 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: Primary 31C45 ; 42C99 ; Fractal differential equations ; analysis on fractals ; Sierpinski gasket ; eigenfunctions of the Laplacian ; wave propagation on fractals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let Δ denote the symmetric Laplacian on the Sierpinski gasket SG defined by Kigami [11] as a renormalized limit of graph Laplacians on the sequence of pregaskets Gm whose limit is SG. We study the analogs of some of the classical partial differential equations with Δ playing the role of the usual Laplacian. For harmonic functions, biharmonic functions, and Dirichlet eigenfunctions of Δ, we give efficient algorithms to compute the solutions exactly, we display the results of implementing these algorithms, and we prove various properties of the solutions that are suggested by the data. Completing the work of Fukushima and Shima [8] who computed the Dirichlet eigenvalues and their multiplicities, we show how to construct a basis (but not orthonormal) for the eigenspaces, so that we have the analog of Fourier sine series on the unit interval. We also show that certain eigenfunctions have the property that they are a nonzero constant along certain lines contained in SG. For the analogs of the heat and wave equation, we give algorithms for approximating the solution, and display the results of implementing these algorithms. We give strong evidence that the analog of finite propagation for the wave equation does not hold because of inconsistent scaling behavior in space and time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01261610
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    Injectivity sets for spherical means on the Heisenberg group (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 363-372 
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    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: Primary 43A80 ; Secondary 44A12 ; spherical means ; Heisenberg group ; twisted spherical means ; Laguerre functions ; hypergeometric functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove that the boundary of a bounded domain is a set of injectivity for the twisted spherical means on ℂ n for a certain class of functions on ℂ n . As a consequence we obtain results about injectivity of the spherical mean operator in the Heisenberg group and the complex Radon transform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01259377
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    Wavelets, generalized white noise and fractional integration: The synthesis of fractional Brownian motion (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 465-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: Fractional ARIMA ; midpoint displacement technique ; fractional Gaussian noise ; fractional derivative ; generalized functions ; self-similarity ; Primary 60G18 ; secondary 41A58 ; 60F15.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We provide an almost sure convergent expansion of fractional Brownian motion in wavelets which decorrelates the high frequencies. Our approach generalizes Lévy's midpoint displacement technique which is used to generate Brownian motion. The low-frequency terms in the expansion involve an independent fractional Brownian motion evaluated at discrete times or, alternatively, partial sums of a stationary fractional ARIMA time series. The wavelets fill in the gaps and provide the necessary high frequency corrections. We also obtain a way of constructing an arbitrary number of non-Gaussian continuous time processes whose second order properties are the same as those of fractional Brownian motion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01261639
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    On the connection between state-space representation and generalized Bezout identity of multivariable systems (1996)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 15 (1996), S. 505-514 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A novel and complete method is presented for constructing the generalized Bezout identity in polynomial form of the transfer matrix from its state-space representation of a reachable and observable system. As a result, one can easily apply well-developed synthesis and analysis theories to systems described in the frequency domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183157
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    Robustness analysis of polynomials with linearly correlated uncertain coefficients in lp-normed balls (1996)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 15 (1996), S. 543-554 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper is to obtain the uncertain value set in the complex plane for systems with real and complex parameters that are known to lie inside a ball in a weightedl p-norm. It generalizes previously available results and may be used to test the robust stability of polynomials whose coefficients lie in a weighted lp-ball.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183161
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  • 95
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    Weighted mean squared error criterion with fixed-level modification for linear-phase fIR filter design (1996)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 15 (1996), S. 581-595 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a new approach—a Fixed-Level Least Squares (FLLS) method for linear-phase FIR filter design. It is intended for rejection of the Gibbs phenomenon through the introduction of a set of equally spaced fixed levels in the transition band and subsequent redefinition of the approximated and weighted functions. Detailed mathematical solutions of the problem as well as many examples are given. The results in graphical form are shown as an output of the FLLS software model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188983
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    Finite modeling of parabolic equations using Galerkin methods and inverse matrix approximations (1996)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 15 (1996), S. 631-648 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we examine order reduction of parabolic systems using modal truncation. The parabolic distributed system is first approximated using the Galerkin method. The system matrices have a special structure that allows us to find the approximate spectrum of the parabolic system. To do this we compute approximate inverses of tridiagonal, diagonally dominant symmetric matrices. The approximation leads to algorithms of orderO(n), as opposed to traditional algorithms of orderO(n), wheren is the order of the system. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the proposed algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188986
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  • 97
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    Network approximation of input-output maps and functionals (1996)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 15 (1996), S. 711-725 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We give results concerning the problem of approximating the input-output maps of nonlinear discrete-time approximately finite-memory systems. Here the focus is on the linear dynamical parts of the approximating structures, and we give examples showing that these linear parts can be derived from asingle prespecified function that meets certain conditions. This is done in the context of an approximation theorem in which attention is focused on what we call “basic sets.” We also consider the related but very different problem of approximating nonlinear functionals using lattice operations or the usual linear ring operations. For this problem we give criteria, not just sufficient conditions, for approximation on compact subsets of reflexive Banach spaces (any Hilbert space is a reflexive Banach space).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01190124
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    Sensor location calibration for bearing estimation (1996)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 15 (1996), S. 763-770 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract New calibration methods are presented for bearing estimation with sensor location uncertainties, which are based on eigenvalue decomposition of the sample covariance matrix and three or more nondisjoint sources in known bearings. The methods can be applied to arbitrary arrays, including linear arrays, require fewer computations, and are suitable for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) cases. Computer simulations are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01190128
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    A fast algorithm for FIR digital filtering with a sum-of-triangles weighting function (1996)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 15 (1996), S. 145-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A doubly recursive algorithm for time domain convolution with a piecewise linear weighting function is presented that combines the speed of a recursive (IIR) digital filter with the flexibility and ease of design of a nonrecursive (FIR) digital filter. The approach approximates the desired FIR weighting function by a sum-of-triangles weighting function. ForL triangles (or triangle pairs for a linear phase filter) the algorithm is of orderLN. The approximation improves with the number of triangles. A significant advantage of the algorithm compared to FFT filtering or direct convolution is that there is no necessity of a tradeoff between frequency response accuracy and computation time per output point as the data spacing decreases in the filtered signal. The computational complexity is dependent on the number of triangles chosen, not the width of the weighting function, so the algorithm is especially effective for filters with an inherently wide FIR weighting function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183775
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    Correlation analysis of stochastic amplitude-angle modulated signals (1996)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 15 (1996), S. 335-342 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A solution of the problem of correlation analysis of stochastic amplitude-angle modulated signals is presented. The solution is obtained on the basis of the theory of linear stochastic processes for the general case of nonstationary correlated Gaussian noises in both modulation channels. These noises are regarded as the results of a linear filtration of Gaussian white noise processes. As an example of the analysis a case of band-pass modulation noises is considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182590
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