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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 1023-1046 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Collapsible-tube flow with self-excited oscillations has been extensively investigated. Though physiologically relevant, forced oscillation coupled with self-excited oscillation has received little attention in this context. Based on an ODE model of collapsible-tube flow, the present study applies modern dynamics methods to investigate numerically the responses of forced oscillation to a limit-cycle oscillation which has topological characteristics discovered in previous unforced experiments. A devil's staircase and period-doubling cascades are presented with forcing frequency and amplitude as control parameters. In both cases, details are provided in a bifurcation diagram. Poincaré sections, a frequency spectrum and the largest Lyapunov exponents verify the existence of chaos in some circumstances. The thin fractal structure found in the strange attractors is believed to be a result of high damping and low stiffness in such systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 611-641 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Most of the elastic tubes found in the mammalian body will collapse from a distended circular cross section and when collapsed may undergo flow-induced oscillations. A mathematical model describing fluid flow in a collapsible tube is analysed using the software package AUTO-86. AUTO-86 is used for continuation and bifurcation problems in systems of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The model is a third-order lumped-parameter type and is based on the classical “Starling resistor”; it describes the unsteady flow behaviour and, in particular, the experimentally observed self-excited oscillations, in a way which is simple enough to give physical understanding, yet still firmly based on fluid mechanical principles. Some of the bifurcation types found in this model bear close resemblance to the types suggested by experimental observations of self-excited oscillations in collapsible tubes; they thus shed some light on the various topological changes which occur in practice, particularly in view of the fact that some of the points found numerically are diffcult to achieve experimentally, while the existence of others can only be inferred indirectly and uncertainly from experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 15 (1977), S. 489-499 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Un micromètre ultrasonore à temps de transit a été développé pour la mesure des changements pulsatiles du diamètre artériel avec une précision suffisante pour vérifier les théories haemodynamiques. L'appareil est capable d'échantillonner jusqu'à quatre distances à des fréquences de répétition supérieures à 1 kHz et de plus est calibré par une détermination indépendante de la vitesse des ultrasons dans le réseau sanguin. Des nouvelles méthodes sont également décrites pour le déclenchement de l'impulsion d'émission, l'amplification et la détection des impulsions de réception, ainsi que la fabrication et les essais de petits transducteurs artériels. Le système est capable de résoudre des changements de distance inférieurs à 1 μm et fonctionnera sans interruption pendant de longues périodes sans dérivation de la température. Des essais sous forme de mesures de la distension dynamique d'une longue section de tube en caoutchouc rempli d'eau, ainsi qu'une comparaison par rapport à la vitesse de phase mésurée manométriquement, devaient faire ressortir le fait que cette technique tend à produire des résultats qui se situent dans la gamme des valeurs prévues qui découlent de la théorie de l'écoulement pulsatile.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ein Ultraschall-Laufzeitmikrometer wurde entwickelt, um die Pulsänderungen im Arteriendurchmesser mit ausreichender Genauigkeit zur Kontrolle von haemodynamischen Theorien zu messen. Das Instrument prüft bis maximal vier Abstände bei Wiederholfrequenzen über 1 kHz und wird durch getrennte Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit des Ultraschalls im Blut geeicht. Neue Verfahren in der Sender-Impulsauslösung und der empfangenen Impulsverstärkung und suche sowie für Bau und Prüfung von kleinen arteriellen Meßwandlern werden beschrieben. Das System löst Entfernungsänderungen von ungen von unter μm auf und läuft ohne Temperaturabtrift lange Zeit im Dauerbetrieb. Versuche durch Messung der dynamischen Ausdehnung eines langen, mit Wasser gefüllten Gummischlauchs und Vergleich der mittels Manometer gemessenen Phasengeschwindigkeit zeigten, daß das Verfahren Ergebnisse erzielt, die im Bereich der von der Pulsdurchflußtheorie erwarteten Werte liegen.
    Notes: Abstract An ultrasonic transit-time micrometer has been developed to measure pulsatile changes in arterial diameter with sufficient accuracy to verify haemodynamic theories. The instrument samples up to four distances at repetition frequencies above 1 kHz and is calibrated by a separate determination of the velocity of ultrasound in blood. New methods of transmitter pulse triggering and received pulse amplification and detection, and construction and testing of small arterial transducers, are described. The system will resolve distance changes smaller than 1 μm and will run continuously for long periods without temperature drift. Trials by measurement of the dynamic distension of a long water-filled rubber tube and comparison with the manometrically measured phase velocity showed that the technique yields results within the range of predicted values from pulsatile flow theory.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 22 (1984), S. 401-405 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Centrifugal analysis ; Medical instrumentation ; Plasma elotting ; Whole blood clotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Most clotting time estimations are performed manually, although attempts have been made previously to automate them. The two major methods for automatically detecting the formation of the gel-like clot are mechanical (viscometric) and optical. The latter is superior in terms of accuracy of timing and freedom from artefacts but can only be performed on blood plasma. This paper describes a device which combines centrifuging to remove red cells and optical sensing of clot formation into a single operation, therepy giving activated clotting times on a par with those obtained mechanically from whole blood. The system offers the advantage over mechanical sensing that no nondisposable parts come in contact with the blood thereby eliminating e major source of timing errors. The timer works with any liquid coagulation activator, and will also time plasma clotting. The two-chambered design of the cuvette allows the activator to be kept separate from the blood until rotor startup The start of centifugal action mixes the blood and activator and starts the time. Timing is stopped auto matically when the rate of increase of optical density in the plasma, owing to fibrin formation, reaches a predetermined fevel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 29 (1991), S. 493-500 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Collapsible tube ; Expiratory flow limitation ; Haemodynamics ; Pulsatile flow ; Self-excited oscillation ; Wave propagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Indirect evidence links self-excited oscillation of flow through collapsed tubes with choking, defined by the cross-sectionally averaged fluid speed u reaching the local speed of small pressure waves c. This was tested by measuring both c-u and c as functions of tube cross-sectional area during self-excited oscillation, using small superimposed high-frequency wave packets. The wavespeed c was derived from the local slope of the pressure/area relationship, measured at both high and low frequency, while c-u was taken as the upstream propagation rate of the pressure disturbances. When u=0, these were shown to agree with each other. The propagation results showed that choking did not occur at high frequency. At the low frequency of the self-excited oscillation the results were less conclusive, because of dispersion and indirect methodology, but choking appeared not to happen at the modest flow rate of the oscillation investigated. Results on the attneuation of the wave packets were successfully explained using a model of the tube throat consisting of two equal and opposite reflection sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 27 (1989), S. 25-32 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Cardiac catheter ; Finite differences ; Impedance volumetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A finite-difference computer model has been used to determine the potential distributions arising from a dipole current source aligned parallel to the axis of bounding cylinders. The radial position of this source had large and nonlinear influence on the potentials along the dipole axis. The accuracy of the computer simulation was established from comparison with an analytic solution of a simple geometry. Measurements using a conductance catheter in saline-filled cylinders also demonstrated the dependence of the conductance on the radial position. The dependence of the potential distribution on the radial position of the dipole places limits on the ultimate accuracy of the conductance catheter technique when used for the measurement of ventricular volume. Radial movement of the catheter within the ventricular cavity, resulting in changes in the potential distribution, could explain some artefacts that appear on volume recordings from the conductance catheter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 27 (1989), S. 357-364 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Area measurement ; Collapsible tubes ; Imaging ; Inductance ; Transducer ; Transformer ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To avoid the necessity for intraluminal catheters as used with the axial impedance method of measuring the cross-sectional area of flexible tubes independently of their shape, while retaining the advantage of an immediate electrical output, an electromagnetic method was tested. The method uses a single-turn sensing coil attached to or embedded in the tube wall at the site of interest as the secondary winding of a transformer. One or more primary coils coaxial with the tube provide an alternating magnetic field parallel to the tube axis, and the resulting secondary voltage, after amplification and demodulation, is directly proportional to tube cross-sectional area. Tube pressure/area relationships measured thus were compared with those measured using both an ultrasonic imaging technique and liquid volume displacement. The method was shown to provide an accurate and relatively simple alternative to the impedance method. Various ways to fabricate tubes with or otherwise introduce the necessary sensing coil are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 703-713 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fatigue tests have been performed for 18 silicone-rubber tubes operating as the active element of a crossflow pulsation generator. It was found that the silicone-rubber tube can be used as the main part of a cheap and reliable oscillator with good reproducibility of the downstream pressure. The operating life of the tubes was between 146 h and 378 h of continuous work for peak-to-peak downstream pressure amplitude 220 kPa to 310 kPa and frequency 5.2 Hz to 8.5 Hz. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-04-05
    Print ISSN: 0967-3334
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6579
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1986-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-3735
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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