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  • RFLP  (50)
  • Springer  (50)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 1995-1999  (50)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1995  (50)
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (50)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 1995-1999  (50)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex in Escherichia coli does not disrupt the clonal structure of the population: evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 440-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Clonal theory ; Recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of the Escherichia coli population by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) has established its clonal organization, but there is increasing evidence that horizontal DNA transfer occurs in E. coli. We have assessed the genetic structure of the species E. coli and determined the extent to which recombination can affect the clonal structure of bacteria. A panel of 72 E. coli strains from the ECOR collection was characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) of the ribosomal RNA gene (rrn) regions. These strains have been characterized by MLEE and are assumed to reflect the range of genotypic variation in the species as a whole. Statistical analysis, including factorial analysis of correspondence (FAC) and hierarchical classifications, established that the data obtained with the three genetic markers are mutually corroborative, thus providing compelling evidence that horizontal transfer does not disrupt the clonal organization of the population. However, there is a gradient of correlation between the different classifications which ranges from the highly clonal structure of 132 group strains causing extraintestinal infections in humans to the less-stringent structure of B1 group strains that came mainly from nonprimate mammals. This group (B1) appears to be the framework from which the remaining non-A group strains have emerged. These results indicate that RAPD analysis is well suited to intraspecies characterization of E. coli. Lastly, treating the RAPD data by FAC allowed description of subgroup-specific DNA fragments which can be used, in a strategy comparable to positional cloning, to isolate virulence genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160315
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of a major satellite DNA element isolated from a saltwater fishSillago japonica (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 22 (1995), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: fish ; repetitive DNA ; RFLP ; satellite DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A member of satellite repetitive DNA was isolated and sequenced from a saltwater fishSillago japonica (Percoidei). This sequence consists of several oligo-dA/dT tracts and two inverted repeats which resemble each other. Dot blot hybridization analysis using a satellite DNA clone pSJ2 among the species in the suborder Percoidei revealed that the pSJ2 sequence was amplified at least after the family Sillaginidae had been derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00996302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the type and degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in diploid species of the genus Triticum (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1063-1067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: T. monococcum ssp. monococcum ; T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum ; T. urartu ; RFLP ; Diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The A genome of the Triticeae is carried by three diploid species and subspecies of the genus Triticum: T. monococcum ssp. monococcum, T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, and T. urartu, the A-genome donor of bread wheat. These species carry many genes of agronomic interest, including disease resistances, and may also be used for the genetic mapping of the A genome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability present in a sample of 25 accessions representative of this group using RFLP markers. Twenty probes, consisting of genomic DNA or cDNA from wheat, were used in combination with four restriction enzymes. A high level of polymorphism was found, especially at the interspecific level. Selecting the most informative enzymes appeared to be of great importance in order to obtain a stable structure for the diversity observed with only 20 probes. The results are largely consistent with taxonomy and data relating to geographical origins. The probes were also tested on 14 wheat cutivars. A good correlation coefficient was found for their informative values on wheat cultivars and diploid lines. Whether the group of species studied here would be useful for genetic mapping remains to be determined. Nevertheless, RFLP markers will be useful to follow genes that can possibly be introgressed from these species into cultivated wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222922
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of the apomictic mode of reproduction in maize-Tripsacum hybrids using maize RFLP markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1198-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Diplospory ; RFLP ; Bulk-segregant analysis ; Genome similarity ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Polyploid plants in the genus Tripsacum, a wild relative of maize, reproduce through gametophytic apomixis of the diplosporous type, an asexual mode of reproduction through seed. Moving gene(s) responsible for the apomictic trait into crop plants would open new areas in plant breeding and agriculture. Efforts to transfer apomixis from Tripsacum into maize at CIMMYT resulted in numerou intergeneric F1 hybrids obtained from various Tripsacum species. A bulk-segregant analysis was carried out to identify molecular markers linked to diplospory in T. dactyloides. This was possible because of numerous genome similarities among related species in the Andropogoneae. On the basis of maize RFLP probes, three restriction fragments co-segregating with diplospory were identified in one maize-Tripsacum dactyloides F1 population that segregated 1∶1 for the mode of reproduction. The markers were also found to be linked in the maize RFLP map, on the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 6. These results support a simple inheritance of diplospory in Tripsacum. Manipulation of the mode of reproduction in maize-Tripsacum backcross generations, and implications for the transfer of apomixis into maize, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222943
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping quantitative trait loci for downy mildew resistance in pearl millet (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 448-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: QTLs ; RFLP ; Pearl millet ; Downy mildew resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to pathogen populations of Scelerospora graminicola from India, Nigeria, Niger and Senegal were mapped using a resistant x susceptible pearl millet cross. An RFLP map constructed using F2 plants was used to map QTLs for traits scored on F4 families. QTL analysis was carried out using the interval mapping programme Mapmaker/QTL. Independent inheritance of resistance to pathogen populations from India, Senegal, and populations from Niger and Nigeria was shown. These results demonstrate the existence of differing virulences in the pathogen populations from within Africa and between Africa and India. QTLs of large effect, contributing towards a large porportion of the variation in resistance, were consistently detected in repeated screens. QTLs of smaller and more variable effect were also detected. There was no QTLs that were effective against all four pathogen populations, demonstrating that pathotype-specific resistance is a major mechanism of downy mildew resistance in this cross. For all but one of the QTLs, resistance was inherited from the resistant parent and the inheritance of resistance tended to be the result of dominance or over-dominance. The implications of this research for pearl millet breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222972
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a RAPD marker for palmitic-acid concentration in the seed oil of spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera) (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica rapa ; RFLP ; RAPD ; QTL ; Palmitic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract F2 progeny (105 individuals) from the cross Jo4002 x Sv3402 were used to identify DNA markers associated with palmitic-acid content in spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera). QTL mapping and ANOVA analysis of 140 markers exposed one linkage group with a locus controlling palmitic-acid content (LOD score 27), and one RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) marker, OPB-11a, closely linked (1.4 cM) to this locus. Palmitic-acid content in the 62 F2 plants with the visible allele of marker OPB-11a was 8.45 ±3.15%, while that in the 24 plants without it was 4.59 ±0.97%. As oleic-acid concentration is affected by a locus on the same linkage group as the palmitic-acid locus, this locus probably controls the chain elongation from palmitic acid to oleic acid (through stearic acid). Marker OPB-11a may be used in future breeding programs of spring turnip rape to simplify and hasten the selection for palmitic-acid content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222976
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic DNAs and nuclear rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in commercial witloof chicories (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 505-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; Mitochondrial DNA ; rDNA ; RFLP ; Witloof chicory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of cytoplasmic DNAs and nuclear rDNA were analyzed in several Cichorium intybus genotypes, comprising four white inbred lines, eight red witloof experimental lines, and a number of F1 hybrids derived from two white parents. Chloroplast and mitochondrial restriction patterns led to the distinction between two different cytoplasms, called I and II. Southern hybridization using a nuclear rDNA probe revealed that all the lines possessed two types of rDNA repeat units. The shortest unit was 10 kb and was common to all lines. The largest rDNA repeat unit was 10.5 kb in lines I and 10.4 kb in lines II. In addition, a sequence heterogeneity between the 10.5 and 10.4-kb rDNA repeat units was revealed by Sac I digestion. A 10-kb rDNA unit was successively cloned, mapped, and used as a probe to check the genetic purity of F1 hybrid seeds between line I and II white parents. We found a 30% average percentage of impurities, originating both from selfing and full-sib crossing, in different open-pollinated hybrid samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222980
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic mapping of soybean cyst nematode race-3 resistance loci in the soybean PI 437.654 (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 574-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Glycine max ; Heterodera glycines ; RFLP ; Genetic mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is difficult to evaluate in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding. PI 437.654 has resistance to more SCN race isolates than any other known soybean. We screened 298 F6∶7 recombinant-inbred lines from a cross between PI 437.654 and ‘BSR101’ for SCN race-3 resistance, genetically mapped 355 RFLP markers and the I locus, and tested these markers for association with resistance loci. The Rhg 4 resistance locus was within 1 cM of the I locus on linkage group A. Two additional QTLs associated with SCN resistance were located within 3cM of markers on groups G and M. These two loci were not independent because 91 of 96 lines that had a resistant-parent marker type on group G also had a resistant-parent marker type on group M. Rhg 4 and the QTL on G showed a significant interaction by together providing complete resistance to SCN race-3. Individually, the QTL on G had greater effect on resistance than did Rhg 4, but neither locus alone provided a degree of resistance much different from the susceptible parent. The nearest markers to the mapped QTLs on groups A and G had allele frequencies from the resistant parent indicating 52 resistant lines in this population, a number not significantly different from the 55 resistant lines found. Therefore, no QTLs from PI 437.654 other than those mapped here are expected to be required for resistance to SCN race-3. All 50 lines that had the PI 437.654 marker type at the nearest marker to each of the QTLs on groups A and G were resistant to SCN race-3. We believe markers near to these QTLs can be used effectively to select for SCN race-3 resistance, thereby improving the ability to breed SCN-resistant soybean varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223282
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A barley RFLP map: alignment of three barley maps and comparisons to Gramineae species (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 681-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum ; Gramineae ; Comparative mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several gene linkage maps have been produced for cultivated barley. We have produced a new linkage map for barley, based on a cross between Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum and Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare (Hvs x Hvv), having a higher level of polymorphism than most of the previous barley crosses used for RFLP mapping. Of 133 markers mapped in the Hvs x Hvv F2 population, 69 were previously mapped on other barley maps, and 26 were mapped in rice, maize, or wheat. Two known gene clones were mapped as well as two morphological markers. The distributions of previously mapped markers were compared with their respective barley maps to align the different maps into one consensus map. The distributions of common markers among barley, wheat, rice and maize were also compared, indicating colinear linkage groups among these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223297
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage relationships among stress-induced genes in wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 795-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Salt stress ; Water deficient ; Heat shock ; Mapping ; Triticeae ; RFLP ; Linkage map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Linkage relationships among genes responding to water-deficit, salt stress, and heat shock were investigated in diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum L. The position of these gene loci relative to closely linked markers and the centromeres is reported. It is proposed to continue to use the present T. monococcum mapping population and the genetic maps based thereon as a framework for future determination of relationships among other genes related to environmental stress in the tribe Triticeae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220962
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of a highly heterozygous locus in recombinant inbred lines of rice and its possible involvement in heterosis (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 978-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Heterozygosity ; Oryza sativa ; Heterosis ; RFLP ; Recombinant inbred lines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Forty-seven recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from a cross between two indica rices, cv ‘Phalguna’ and the Assam land race ARC 6650, were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using cloned probes defining 150 single-copy loci uniformly dispersed on the 12 chromosomes of rice. Of the probes tested, 47 detected polymorphism between the parents. Heterozygosity was calculated for each line and for each of the polymorphic loci. Average heterozygosity per line was 9.6% but was excessive (〉20%) in the 5 lines that seemed to have undergone outcrossing immediately prior to harvest. Average heterozygosity detected by each probe across the 47 RI lines was 9.7%. The majority of probes revealed the low level of heterozygosity (〈8%) expected for F5-F6 lines in a species showing about 5% outbreeding. On the other hand, 7 probes exhibited heterozygosity in excess of 15%, while with a eighth probe (RG2 from chromosome 11) heterozygosity varied according to the restriction enzyme employed, ranging from 2% with SaII to 72% with EcoRV. The presence of 34 recombination sites in a segment of the genome as short as 24 kb indicates a strong selection for recombination between two neighbouring loci, one required as homozygous for the ‘Phalguna’ allele, and the other heterozygous. Since selection was principally for yield advantage over that of the high-yielding parent, ‘Phalguna’, one or both of these loci may be important for heterosis in this cross. The results also indicate that heterozygosity as measured by RFLP can depend on the particular restriction endonuclease employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223909
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of molecular markers linked to the Agropyron elongatum-derived leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 in wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 982-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Leaf rust ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Wheat ; Agropyron elongatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to the wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 derived from Agropyron elongatum (3DL/3Ag translocation). Two near isogenic lines (NILs), ‘Arina’ and Lr24/7 * “Arina”, were screened for polymorphism at the DNA level with 115 RFLP probes. Twenty-one of these probes map to the homoeologous group 3. In addition, 360 RAPD primers were tested on the NILs. Six RFLP probes showed polymorphism between the NILs, and 11 RAPD primers detected one additional band in the resistant NIL. The genetic linkage of the polymorphic markers with Lr24 was tested on a segregating F2 population (150 plants) derived from a cross between the leaf rust resistant Lr24/7 * “Arina” and the susceptible spelt (Triticum spelta) variety ‘Oberkulmer’. All 6 RFLP markers were completely linked to Lr24: one was inherited as a codominant marker (PSR1205), one was in coupling phase (PSR1203) and 4 were in repulsion phase (PSR388, PSR904, PSR931, PSR1067) with Lr24. The localization of these probes on chromosome 3D was confirmed by nulli-tetrasomic analysis. Distorted genotypic segregation was found for the Codominant RFLP marker PSR1205. This distortion can be explained by the occurrence of hemizygous plants. One of the 11 RAPD markers (OPJ-09) also showed complete linkage to theLr24 resistance gene. The polymorphic RAPD fragment was cloned and sequenced. Specific primers were synthesized, and they produced an amplification product only in the resistant plants. This specific marker allows a reliable and rapid screening of a large number of genotypes in practical breeding. Analysis of 6 additional lines containing Lr24 revealed that 3 lines have a smaller chromosomal segment of A. elongatum than lines derived from ‘Agent’, a commonly used gene donor for the Lr24 resistance gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222911
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  • 13
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    An integrated genetic linkage map for eucalypts using RFLP, RAPD and isozyme markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 869-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic map ; Linkage ; Eucalypts ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An integrated genetic linkage map for E. nitens was constructed in an outbred three-generation pedigree. Analysis of 210 RFLP, 125 RAPD and 4 isozyme loci resulted in 330 markers linked in 12 linkage groups covering 1462 cM (n=11 in eucalypts). The 12th linkage group is comprised of only 5 markers and will probably coalesce with another linkage group when further linked loci are located. Co-dominant RFLP loci segregating in both parents were used to integrate linkages identified in the male and female parents. Differences in recombination frequencies in the two parents were observed for a number of pairs of loci, and duplication of sequences was identified both within and between linkage groups. The markers were distributed randomly across the genome except for the RFLPs in linkage group 10 and for some loci showing segregation distortion, which were clustered into three regions of the map. The use of a large number of co-dominant RFLP loci in this map enables it to be used in other pedigrees of E. nitens and forms a basis for the detection and location of QTL in E. nitens and other eucalypt species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223894
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Restriction fragment length polymorphism detected by cDNA and genomic DNA clones in Stylosanthes (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 1210-1213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Stylosanthes ; DNA isolation ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A DNA isolation method suitable for genomic library construction and RFLP analyses of the forage legume Stylosanthes was developed. Probes isolated using this method were used to investigate the feasibility of constructing RFLP-based genetic maps in this genus. Two hundred and seventy-one PstI genomic DNA and 134 cDNA clones were analysed against four Stylosanthes accessions, including two tetraploids and two diploids, with the use of two restriction enzymes, DraI and HindIII. The proportion of clones which detected single-copy sequences from the PstI genomic library was higher than that from the cDNA library, but the percentage of clones which detected low-copy sequences was doubled in the latter. There was no significant difference in the level of RFLPs detected by gDNA and cDNA probes, although the level of polymorphism was lower in the diploids. A large proportion of RFLPs seemed to have resulted from mutation/base substitution events, and this was especially the case in diploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220931
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  • 15
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    Chloroplast DNA variation in Populus. III. Novel chloroplast DNA variants in natural Populus x canadensis hybrids (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Interspecific poplar hybrids ; Non-parental chloroplast DNA fragments ; Novel organelle DNA ; RFLP ; Chloroplast DNA recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A rare phenomenon of the occurrence of novel non-parental chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variants in natural sexual interspecific hybrids between Populus deltoides var deltoides and P. nigra, P. x canadensis is described. Restriction fragment variation of cpDNA in 17 P. x canadensis cultivars was examined and compared with that of representative samples of P. deltoides and P. nigra using 83 combinations of 16 restriction enzymes and six Petunia hybrida cpDNA probes. Twelve cultivars had one to five novel non-parental cpDNA fragments in the chloroplast genome region homologous to the 9.0-kb PstI cpDNA fragment of Petunia from the large single-copy region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221973
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Development of a PCR-based marker to identify rice blast resistance gene, Pi-2(t), in a segregating population (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Molecular markers ; RFLP ; PCR ; SAPs ; DNA sequence ; Marker-assisted selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genomic clone RG64, which is tightly linked to the blast resistance gene Pi-2(t) in rice, provides means to perform marker-aided selection in a rice breeding program. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of generating a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based polymorphic marker that can distinguish the blast resistant gene, Pi-2(t), and susceptible genotypes within cultivated rice. RG64 was sequenced, and the sequence data was used to design pairs of specific primers for (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA from rice varieties differing in their blast disease responsiveness. The amplified products, known as sequenced-tagged-sites (STSs), were not polymorphic between the three varieties examined. However, cleavage of the amplified products with the restriction enzyme HaeIII generated a polymorphic fragment, known as specific amplicon polymorphism (SAP), between the resistant and the susceptible genotypes. To examine the power of the identified SAP marker in predicting the genotype of the Pi-2 (t) locus, we determined the genotypes of the F2 individuals at this locus by performing progeny testing for the disease response in the F3 generation. The results indicated an accuracy of more than 95% in identifying the resistant plants, which was similar to that using RG64 as the hybridization probe. The identification of the resistant homozygous plants increased to 100% when the markers flanking the genes were considered simultaneously. These results demonstrate the utility of SAP markers as simple and yet reliable landmarks for use in marker-assisted selection and breeding within cultivated rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220852
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  • 17
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    Mitochondrial DNA diversity and male sterility in natural populations of Daucus carota ssp carota (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 150-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Mitochondrial DNA diversity ; Natural populations ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Daucus carota L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial variability was investigated in natural populations of wild carrot (Daucus carota ssp carota) in different regions: South of France, Greece, and various sites in the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. Total DNA was digested with two restriction endonucleases (EcoRV and HindIII) and probed with three mitochondrial DMA-specific genes (coxI, atp6, and coxII). Twenty-five different mitochondrial types were found in 80 analyzed individuals. Thirteen mitotypes were found among the 7 French populations studied. On average, 4.4 different mitotypes were observed per population, and these mitotypes were well-distributed among the populations. All of the mitochondrial types were specific to a single region. However, the proportion of shared restriction fragments between 2 mitotypes from different regions was not particularly lower than that which occurred among mitotypes from a single region. On the basis of the sexual phenotype [male-sterile (MS) or hermaphrodite] of the plants studied in situ and that of their progeny, 2 mitotypes were found to be highly associated with male sterility. Eighty percent of the plants bearing these mitotypes were MS in situ, and all of these plants produced more than 30% MS plants in their progeny. This association with male sterility was consistent in several populations, suggesting an association with a cytoplasmic male-sterility system. Moreover, these two mitotypes had very similar mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns and were well-differentiated from the other mitotypes observed in wild plants and also from those observed in the two CMS types already known in the cultivated carrot. This suggests that they correspond to a third cytoplasmic sterility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220872
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  • 18
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    Molecular marker analysis of genes controlling morphological variation in Brassica rapa (syn. campestris) (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica rapa ; Brassica campestris ; Morphological variation ; Quantitative trait loci ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Construction of a detailed RFLP linkage map of B. rapa (syn. campestris) made it possible, for the first time, to study individual genes controlling quantitative traits in this species. Ninety-five F2 individuals from a cross of Chinese cabbage cv ‘Michihili’ by Spring broccoli were analyzed for segregation at 220 RFLP loci and for variation in leaf, stem, and flowering characteristics. The number, location, and magnitude of genes underlying 28 traits were determined by using an interval mapping method. Zero to five putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for each of the traits examined. There were unequal gene effects on the expression of many traits, and the inheritance patterns of traits ranged from those controlled by a single major gene plus minor genes to those controlled by polygenes with small and similar effects. The effect of marker locus density on detection of QTL was analyzed, and the results showed that the number of QTL detected did not change when the number of marker loci used for QTL mapping was decreased from 220 to 126; however, a further reduction from 126 to 56 caused more than 15% loss of the total QTL detected. The detection of putative minor QTL by removing the masking effects of major QTL was explored.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220989
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    RFLP-based assay of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genetic diversity (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 787-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Sorghum ; RFLP ; Phylogeny Gene flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-two single-copy sorghum DNA clones were used to compare restriction fragment patterns of 53 sorghum accessions from Africa, Asia and the United States. Included were accessions from five morphological races of the cultivated subspecies bicolor, and four races of the wild subspecies verticilliflorum. From two to twelve alleles were detected with each probe. There was greater nuclear diversity in the wild subspecies (255 alleles in ten accessions) than in the domestic accessions (236 alleles in 37 accessions). Overall, 204 of the 340 alleles (60%) that were detected occurred in both subspecies. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony separated the subspecies into separate clusters, with one group of intermediate accessions. Though exceptions were common, especially for the race bicolor, accessions classified as the same morphological race tended to group together on the basis of RFLP similarities. Selection for traits such as forage quality may have led to accessions genetically more similar to other races being classified as bicolors, which have a loose, small-grained panicle similar to wild races. Population statistics, calculated using four nuclear and four cytoplasmic probes that detect two alleles each, revealed a low but significant amount of heterozygosity, and showed little differentiation in alleles in the wild and cultivated subspecies. Outcrossing with foreign pollen appears to have been more important than migration via seed dispersal as a mechanism for gene flow between the wild and domestic accessions included in this study.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222013
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    Development of a consensus linkage RFLP map of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 1079-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Helianthus annuus ; Linkage map ; Consensus map ; CDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides the first description of a consensus map of the cultivated sunflower genome (Helianthus annuus L., n=17 chromosomes), based on RFLP. A total of 180 probe-enzyme combinations were mapped on at least one of five segregating progenies (three F2 and two BC1 populations), revealing 237 loci that did not show any distortion of segregation. The consensus linkage map obtained with these loci covers 1150 cM and consists of 16 linkage groups of more than 20 cM, 7 groups of less than 20 cM and 18 unlinked loci. The mean distance between loci is 7 cM, but in some regions intervals of 20 cM remain. Genotypic and gametic segregation distortions affect about 7% of loci. It was found that 25% of the probes mapped using several different restriction enzymes or that on different progenies they revealed 2 or more loci.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222925
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    Identification and characterisation of sugarcane intergeneric hybrids, Saccharum officinarum x Erianthus arundinaceus, with molecular markers and DNA in situ hybridisation (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 320-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Saccharum ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Isozymes ; RFLP ; STS-PCR ; In situ hybridization ; rDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular markers were used to characterise sugarcane intergeneric hybrids between S. officinarum and E. arundinaceus. Very simple diagnostic tools for hybrid identification among the progeny were derived from isozyme electrophoresis and a sequence-tagged PCR. Two enzyme systems (GOT and MDH B) and PCR amplification revealing spacer-size variation in the 5s-rDNA cluster were found most convenient. Specific characterisation of the two genomic components was possible using RFLP and in situ hybridisation. The strong molecular differentiation between S. officinarum and E. arundinaceus allows the identification of numerous Erianthus-specific RFLP bands in the hybrids. Genomic DNA in situ hybridisation allows for the differentiation of the chromosomes contributed by S. officinarum and E. arundinaceus in chromosome preparations of the hybrids. In situ hybridisation with the 18s-5.8s-25s rDNA probe highlights the basic chromosome numbers in the two parental species. The potential of these techniques to monitor the Erianthus genome during the introgression process is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220894
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    Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heading date and plant height in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 374-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; QTL ; Rice ; Heading date ; Plant height ; Pleiotropic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract ‘Lemont’ and ‘Teqing’ are both semidwarf rice varieties that differ in heading date by only 6 days. However, when ‘Lemont’ and ‘Teqing’ are crossed there is transgressive segregation for both heading date (HD) and plant height (PH). By testing 2418 F4 lines with 113 well-distributed RFLP markers, we identified and mapped chromosomal regions that were largely responsible for this transgressive segregation. QHd3a, a QTL from ‘Lemont’ that gives 8 days earlier heading, was identified on chromosome 3 approximately 3 cM from the marker RG348. Another QTL with a large effect, QHd8a, which gives 7 days earlier heading, was identified on chromosome 8 of ‘Teqing’ between RG20 and RG1034. Along with a QTL, QHd9a with a phenotypic effect of 3.5 days, these genomic regions collectively explain 76.5% of the observed phenotypic variance in heading date. Four QTLs which altered plant height from 4 to 7 cm were also mapped; these collectively explain 48.8% of the observed phenotypic variation in plant height. None of the QTLs for plant height mapped to chromosome 1, the location of the semidwarf gene sd-1. All three of the HD loci mapped to approximately the same genomic locations as PH QTLs, and in all cases, there was a reduction in height of approximately 1 cm for every day of earlier heading. The correspondence between the HD and some of the PH loci suggests that genes at these chromosome locations may have pleiotropic effects on both HD and PH. The observed heterosis in the F1 plants for HD can be largely explained by the dominance for earliness of the identified HD loci and distribution of earlier heading alleles in the parents. However, overdominance observed at one of the PH QTL may, at least in part, be responsible for the observed heterosis in PH.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220902
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    Cytologically based physical maps of the group 3 chromosomes of wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 780-782 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Physical mapping ; RFLP ; Cereals ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cytologically based physical maps for the group 3 chromosomes of wheat were constructed by mapping 25 Triticum aestivum deletion lines with 29 T. tauschii and T. aestivum RFLP probes. The deletion lines divide chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D into 31 discrete intervals, of which 18 were tagged by marker loci. The comparison of the consensus physical map with a consensus RFLP linkage map of the group 3 chromosomes of wheat revealed a fairly even distribution of marker loci on the long arm, and higher recombination in the distal region.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220959
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    A genetic map of rye chromosome 1R integrating RFLP and cytogenetic loci (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 720-726 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; RFLP ; Cytogenetic mapping ; C-band ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A genetic map of rye, Secale cereale L., chromosome 1R covering 247 cM was constructed utilizing 27 RFLP and four C-band markers, including terminal C-bands. Genetic mapping of C-bands and the centromere, and in situ hybridization of three RFLP clones, allowed for the integration of the genetic and cytological maps. Eight contact points between the genetic and cytological maps revealed variation in the recombination distance to cytological distance ratio ranging between 0.25 and 1.95, a 7.8-fold difference. Recombination was found to be highest in the satellite region of 1RS and lowest in the most distal region of 1RL.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220949
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    Tagging and mapping the thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.) with molecular markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 1111-1114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rice TGMS gene ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Molecular markers ; Gene tagging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The thermo-sensititve genic male-sterile (TGMS) gene in rice can alter fertility in response to temperature and is useful in the two-line system of hybrid rice production. However, little is known about the TGMS gene at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers tightly linked with the TGMS gene and to map the gene onto a specific rice chromosome. Bulked segregant analysis of an F2 population from 5460s (a TGMS mutant line) x ‘Hong Wan 52’ was used to identify RAPD markers linked to the rice TGMS gene. Four hundred RAPD primers were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and between two bulks representing fertile and sterile plants; of these, 4 primers produced polymorphic products. Most of the polymorphic fragments contained repetitive sequences. Only one singlecopy sequence fragment was found, a 1.2-kb fragment amplified by primer OPB-19 and subsequently named TGMS1.2. TGMS1.2 was mapped on chromosome 8 with a RIL population and confirmed by remapping with a DHL population. Segregation analysis using TGMS1.2 as a probe indicated that TGMS1.2 both consegregated and was lined with the TGMS gene in this population. It is located about 6.7 cM from the TGMS gene. As TGMS1.2 is linked to the TGMS gene, the TGMS gene must be located on chromosome 8.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223928
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    Integration of the classical and RFLP linkage maps of the short arm of tomato chromosome 1 (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) ; Genetic map ; RFLP ; Integrated map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The classical map of the short arm of chromosome 1 of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) has been shown to contain inaccuracies while the RFLP map of this region is known to be generally accurate. Molecular analysis of populations derived from crosses between L. esculentum lines carrying chromosome 1 classical markers and L. pennellii has enabled us to produce an integrated classical and RFLP marker map of this region. New data concerning the linkage relationships between classical markers have also been combined with previous data to produce a new classical map of the short arm of chromosome 1. The orders of the classical markers on these two new maps are in almost complete agreement and are very different to that shown on the previous classical map.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220991
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    RFLP patterns of gliadin alleles in Triticum aestivum L.: implications for analysis of the organization and evolution of complex loci (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Gliadin alleles ; Organization of Gli-1 loci ; Gli-2-type sequences on chromosome 1R Common wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A correspondence between RFLP patterns and gliadin alleles at the Gli-1 and Gli-2 loci was established in a set of 70 common wheat (T.aestivum L.) cultivars using γ-gliadin (K32) and α-gliadin (pTU1) specific probes. All Gli-B1 and Gli-D1 alleles which differed in encoded γ-gliadins showed definite RFLP patterns after hybridization with the K32 probe. Two groups of Gli-B1 alleles, Gli-B1b-like and Gli-B1e-like, were identified, and these could originate from distinct genotypes of the presumptive donor of the B-genome. Intralocus recombination and/or gene conversion as well as small deletions, gene silencing and gene amplification were assumed to be responsible for the origin of new gliadin alleles. Silent γ-gliadin sequences were shown to exist in all of the genotypes studied. K32 also differentiated Gli-A1a from all other Gli-A1 alleles as well as the Gli-B11 allele in cultivars carrying the 1B/1R (wheat/rye) translocation. PTU1 was shown to recognize several Gli-A2 alleles, but not the Gli-B2 or Gli-D2 alleles. Moreover, this probe hybridized to chromosome 1R sequences suggesting the existence of rye gene(s), probably silent, for α-gliadin-like proteins on chromosome 1R.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222199
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    Co-segregation of the maize dwarf mosaic virus resistance gene, Mdm1, with the nucleolus organizer region in maize (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 341-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Disease resistance ; High resolution genetic map ; Recombination ; Ribosomal DNA ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mdm1 locus on the short arm of chromosome six confers resistance in maize to five strains of the maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), an aphid transmitted potyvirus. The location of mdm1 in relation to RFLP and morphological loci on the short arm of chromosome six was determined using BC1 and F2 mapping populations. The following map order and distance in cM was obtained from the F2 population; jc1270-2.5-npi245-1.6-umc85/po1-0.5-mdm1/nor-0.5-bnl6.29A-0.5-npi235-0.8-npi101A-4.3-numc59. No recombination between mdm1 and the nucleolus organizer region (nor) was detected, as determined using a probe from the intergenic spacer region of the rDNA repeat. In order to resolve the relationship between mdm1 and the nor, and to recover recombinants around mdm1, a highresolution map within the polymitotic1 (po1) yellow kernel1 (y1) interval was generated using [po1 y1 tester (po1 mdm1 y1) x Pa405 (Po1 Mdm1 Y1)] F2 plants. The recessive po1 allele imparts a male-sterile phenotype when homozygous and since po1 and y1 are closely linked, the majority of fertile plants from white endosperm (y1/y1) F2 kernels will arise though a recombination event between the Pa405 Po1 allele and the y1 allele of the po1 y1 tester. Plants from 7,650 white (y1/y1) F2 kernels were examined (15,300 chromosomes) and a total of 626 F2∶3 recombinant families was recovered. Analysis of these recombinants revealed that mdm1 cosegregates with the nor. This lack of recombination between mdm1 and the nor suggests that: either (1) mdm1 is located in the region flanking the nor and recombination is suppressed within that region, or (2) mdm1 is located within the nor.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221975
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    Wheat phylogeny determined by RFLP analysis of nuclear DNA. 2. Wild tetraploid wheats (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 129-134 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; RFLP ; Triticum dicoccoides ; T. araraticum ; Genetic divergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intra- and inter-specific variations in the nuclear DNA of Triticum dicoccoides Körn. (2n = 28, genome constitution AABB) and T. araraticum Jakubz. (2n = 28, AAGG), wild species, respectively, of the Emmer and Timopheevi group, were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Total DNAs of 32 T. dicoccoides and 24 T. araraticum accessions, collected from throughout the distribution areas of these species, were treated with two 6-bp cutters and hybridized with 30 nuclear DNA clones as probes to detect RFLPs. A total of 167 hybrid bands were observed per accession. All the enzyme-probe combinations showed RFLPs between accessions. The average genetic distance between the T. dicoccoides accessions was 0.0135 ± 0.0031 and that between the T. araraticum accessions 0.0036 ± 0.0015, indicative of about a four-fold intraspecific variation in T. dicoccoides as compared to T. araraticum in terms of genetic distance. No significant genetic differentiation was found for the geographical populations of these species, the genetic distance between the two species being 0.0482 ± 0.0022. The interspecific divergence corrected for intraspecific divergence was 0.0395, about three times that for T. dicoccoides and 11 times that for T. araraticum. The results show that in the wild state the Emmer and Timopheevi groups are clearly differentiated and that T. dicoccoides has much greater variation than T. araraticum, suggesting a relatively recent origin for the latter and therefore a diphyletic origin for these species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221006
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    An extended map of the sugar beet genome containing RFLP and RAPD loci (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 189-193 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Sugar beet ; Beta vulgaris ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An updated map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris var ‘altissima Doell’) is presented. In this genetic map we have combined 248 RFLP and 50 RAPD loci. Including the loci for rhizomania resistance Rr1, hypocotyl colour R and the locus controlling the monogerm character M, 301 loci have now been mapped to the nine linkage groups covering 815 cM. In addition, the karyotype of some of the Beta vulgaris chromosomes has been correlated with existing RFLP and RAPD linkage maps.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222201
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    Mapping the Sw-5 locus for tomato spotted wilt virus resistance in tomatoes using RAPD and RFLP analyses (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Lycopersicon peruvianum ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Tomato spotted wiltvirus (TSWV)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Sw-5 locus confers dominant resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). To map the location and facilitate the identification of markers linked to Sw-5 we developed a pair of near-isogenic lines (NILs) and an F2 Lycopersicon esculentum x L. pennellii population segregating for resistance to TSWV. DNA from the NILs was analyzed using 748 random 10-mer oligonucleotides to discern linked molecular markers using a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) approach. One random primer (GAGCACGGGA) was found to produce a RAPD band of about 2200 bp that demonstrates linkage to Sw-5. Data from co-segregation of resistance and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in a F2 interspecific population position Sw-5 between the markers CT71 and CT220 near the telomere of the long arm of chromosome 9.
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    Assessment of nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast RFLP markers in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 643-649 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oil palm ; Elaeis guineensis Elaeis oleifera ; RFLP ; Genetic fingerprinting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of DNA probes was used to screen a diverse set of oil palm accessions in order to identify markers with a utility in genotype discrimination. This survey included samples of the commercial oil palm native to Africa (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), the closely-related South American species [E.oleifera (HBK) Cortes] and inter-specific hybrids of the two. Of 106 major chloroplast bands none showed differences between E. guineensis and E. Oleifera. Mitochondrial and ribosomal probes were more informative inter-specifically (the former allowing identification of the maternal inheritance of mitochondria) and may be useful in hybrid breeding programmes; however, they were unable to identify polymorphism within E. guineensis. In contrast, low-copy nuclear genomic clones were able to identify intra-specific variation, though in most cases they revealed a relatively small number of allelic variants. One DNA probe showed a much larger number of band variants, revealing ten patterns amongst 13 E. guineensis accessions, and should prove useful in genetic fingerprinting and evaluation of oil-palm germplasm collections.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222128
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    A linkage map for sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) based on RFLP, RAPD, and isozyme loci (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 835-840 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; RAPD ; Linkage map ; Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) ; Three-generation pedigree
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A linkage map for sugi was constructed on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and isozyme loci using a three-generation pedigree prepared for genetic analysis of heartwood color. A total of 128 RFLP (123 cDNA and 5 genomic probes), 33 RAPD, 2 isozyme, and 1 morphological (dwarf) loci segregated in 73 progeny. Of the 164 segregating loci, 145 loci were distributed in 20 linkage groups. Of these loci, 91 with confirmed map positions were assigned to 13 linkage groups, covering a total of 887.3 cM. A clustering of markers with distorted segregation was observed in 6 linkage groups. In the four clusters, distortions with a reduction in the number of homozygotes from one parent only were found.
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    Comparison of rapeseed cultivars and resynthesized lines based on allozyme and RFLP markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 62-67 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Resynthesized rapeseed ; Genetic distance ; Isozymes ; Allozymes ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has frequently been suggested to use the resynthesis of rapeseed (Brassica napus) from B. campestris and B. oleracea to broaden its genetic base. The objective of the present study is twofold: (1) to compare the genetic variation within resynthesized rapeseed with a world-wide collection of oilseed rape cultivars, and (2) to compare genetic distances estimated from RFLP markers with distances estimated from a relatively small number of allozyme markers. We investigated 17 resynthesized lines and 24 rapeseed cultivars. Genetic distances were estimated either based on the electrophoresis of seven allozymes, with a total of 38 different bands, or based on RFLP data of 51 probe/enzyme combinations, with a total of 355 different bands. The results of allozyme and RFLP analyses agreed reasonably well. Genetic distances, estimated from two independent sets of RFLP data with 25 and 26 probe/enzyme combinations respectively, were highly correlated; hence about 50 RFLP markers are sufficient to characterize rapeseed material with a large genetic diversity. The cultivars were clustered into three groups: (1) spring rapeseed of European and Northern American origin, (2) winter rapeseed of European and Northern American origin, and (3) rapeseed of Asian origin. Several of the resynthesized rapeseed lines were similar to European winter rapeseed cultivars, whereas others had quite unique patterns. It is concluded, that resynthesized rapeseed is a valuable source for broadening the genetic variation in present breeding material of Brassica napus. However, different lines differ widely in their suitability for this purpose.
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    Identification of chrysanthemum cultivars and stability of DNA fingerprint patterns (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 439-447 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chrysanthemum ; RAPD ; DNA fingerprint ; RFLP ; Stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several techniques of DNA analysis were applied to identify chrysanthemum cultivars. Unrelated cultivars could be distinguished by using RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNAs), inter-SSR (simple sequence repeat) PCR (polymerase chain reaction), hybridization-based DNA fingerprinting, as well as RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphisms). Cultivars with different flower colours and belonging to one family, i.e. vegetatively derived from 1 cultivar, appeared to have the same DNA fragment patterns, whichever technique was applied. The absence of polymorphisms between different accessions of the same cultivar indicated a high stability of the observed patterns.
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    Genome mapping of polyploid tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with RFLP markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 947-955 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Genetic map ; Polyploids ; Tall fescue ; Molecular marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic mapping using molecular markers such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) has become a powerful tool for plant geneticists and breeders. Like many economically important polyploid plant species, detailed genetic studies of hexaploid tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) are complicated, and no genetic map has been established. We report here the first tall fescue genetic map. This map was generated from an F2 population of HD28-56 by ‘Kentucky-31’ and contains 108 RFLP markers. Although the two parental plants were heterozygous, the perennial and tillering growth habit, high degree of RFLP, and disomic inheritance of tall fescue enabled us to identify the segregating homologous alleles. The map covers 1274 cM on 19 linkage groups with an average of 5 loci per linkage group (LG) and 17.9 cM between loci. Mapping the homoeologous loci detected by the same probe allowed us to identify five homoeologous groups within which the gene orders were found to be generally conserved among homoeologous chromosomes. An exception was homoeologous group 5, in which only 2 of the 3 homoeologous chromosomes were identified. Using 12 genome-specific probes, we were able to assign several linkage groups to one of the three genomes (PG1G2) in tall fescue. All the loci detected by the 11 probes specific to the G1 and/or G2 genomes, with one exception, identified loci located on 4 chromosomes of two homoeologous groups (LG2a, LG2c, LG3a, and LG3c). A P-genome-specific probe was used to map a locus on LG5c. Comparative genome mapping with maize probes indicated that homoeologous group 3 and 2 chromosomes in tall fescue corresponded to maize chromosome 1. Difficulties and advantages of applying RFLP technology in polyploids with high levels of heterozygosity are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223905
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    Mapping the genome of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). II. Localization of genes controlling erucic acid synthesis and seed oil content (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 972-977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; RFLP ; Erucic acid genes ; Oil content ; QTL mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A F1 microspore-derived DH population, previously used for the development of a rapeseed RFLP map, was analysed for the distribution of erucic acid and seed oil content. A clear three-class segregation for erucic acid content could be observed and the two erucic acid genes of rapeseed were mapped to two different linkage groups on the RFLP map. Although the parents of the segregating DH population showed no significant difference in seed oil content, in the DH population a transgressive segregation in oil content was observed. The segregation closely followed a normal distribution, characteristic of a quantitative trait. Using the program MAPMAKER/QTL, three QTLs for seed oil content could be mapped on three different linkage groups. The additive effects of these QTLs explain about 51% of the phenotypic variation observed for this trait in the DH population. Two of the QTLs for oil content showed a close association in location to the two erucic acid genes, indicating a direct effect of the erucic acid genes on oil content.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223908
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    Comparative mapping in grasses. Oat relationships (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 249 (1995), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rice ; Maize ; RFLP ; Synteny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of RFLP linkage maps in hexaploid and diploid oat allows us to study genetic relationships of these species at the DNA level. In this report, we present the extension of a previously developed diploid oat map (Avena atlantica x A. hirtula) and its molecular-genetic relationships with wheat, rice and maize. Examination of 92–99% of the length of the oat genome map with probes common to Triticeae species, rice or maize showed that 84, 79 and 71%, respectively, was conserved between these species and oat. Generally, the orders of loci among chromosomes homoeologous to oat chromosomes A and D were the most conserved and those of chromosomes homoeologous to oat chromosome G were the least conserved. Conservation was observed for blocks ranging from whole chromosomes 101 cM long to small segments 2.5 cM long containing two loci. Comparison of the homoeologous segments of Triticeae, rice and maize relative to oat indicated that certain regions have been maintained in all four species. The relative positions of major genes governing traits such as seed storage proteins and resistance to leaf rusts have been conserved between cultivated oat and Triticeae species. Also, the locations of three vernalization/or photo-period response genes identified in hexaploid oat correspond to the locations of similar genes in homoeologous chromosomes of wheat, rice or maize. The locations of the centromeres for six of the seven oat chromosomes were estimated based on the homoeologous segments between oat and Triticeae chromosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290536
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    Comparative mapping in grasses. Wheat relationships (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 248 (1995), S. 744-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Oat ; Rice ; Maize ; RFLP ; Synteny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Conventionally, the genetics of species of the family Gramineae have been studied separately. Comparative mapping using DNA markers offers a method of combining the research efforts in each species. In this study, we developed consensus maps for members of the Triticeae tribe (Triticum aestivum, T. tauschii, andHordeum spp.) and compared them to rice, maize and oat. The aneuploid stocks available in wheat are invaluable for comparative mapping because almost every DNA fragment can be allocated to a chromosome arm, thus preventing erroneous conclusions about probes that could not be mapped due to a lack of polymorphism between mapping parents. The orders of the markers detected by probes mapped in rice, maize and oat were conserved for 93, 92 and 94% of the length of Triticeae consensus maps, respectively. The chromosome segments duplicated within the maize genome by ancient polyploidization events were identified by homoeology of segments from two maize chromosomes to regions of one Triticeae chromosome. Homoeologous segments conserved across Triticeae species, rice, maize, and oat can be identified for each Triticeae chromosome. Putative orthologous loci for several simply inherited and quantitatively inherited traits in Gramineae species were identified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191715
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    QTL analysis: unreliability and bias in estimation procedures (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 1 (1995), S. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: bias ; doubled-haploid ; QTL reliability ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Several statistical methods which employ multiple marker data are currently available for the analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in experimental populations. Although comparable estimates of QTL location and effects have been obtained by these methods, using simulated and real data sets, their accuracy and reliability have not been extensively investigated. The present study specifically examines the merit of using F2 and doubled haploid populations for locating QTL and estimating their effects. Factors which may affect accuracy and reliability of QTL mapping, such as the number and position of the markers available, the accuracy of the marker locations and the size of the experimental population used, are considered. These aspects are evaluated for QTL of differing heritabilities and locations along the chromosome. A population of 300 F2 individuals and 150 doubled haploid lines gave estimates of QTL position and effect which were comparable, albeit extremely unreliable. Even for a QTL of high heritability (10%), the confidence interval was 35 cM. There was little increase in reliability to be obtained from using 300, rather than 200, F2 individuals and 100 doubled haploid lines gave similar results to 150. QTL estimates were not significantly improved either by using the expected, rather than the observed, marker positions or by using a dense map of markers rather than a sparse map. A QTL which was asymmetrically located in the linkage group resulted in inaccurate estimates of QTL position which were seriously biassed at low heritability of the QTL. In a population of 300 F2 individuals the bias increased from 4 cM to 20 cM, for a QTL with 10% and 2% heritability respectively.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277427
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    QTL analysis of flowering time inArabidopsis thaliana (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 248 (1995), S. 278-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Flowering time ; Vernalization ; Quantitative trait loci ; Arabidopsis ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses based on restriction fragment length polymorphism maps have been used to resolve the genetic control of flowering time in a cross between twoArabidopsis thaliana ecotypes H51 and Landsbergerecta, differing widely in flowering time. Five quantitative trait loci affecting flowering time were identified in this cross (RLN1-5), four of which are located in regions containing mutations or loci previously identified as conferring a late-flowering phenotype. One of these loci is coincident with theFRI locus identified as the major determinant for late flowering and vernalization responsiveness in theArabidopsis ecotype Stockholm.RLN5, which maps to the lower half of chromosome five (between markers mi69 and m233), only affected flowering time significantly under short day conditions following a vernalization period. The late-flowering phenotype of H51 compared to Landsbergerecta was due to alleles conferring late flowering at only two of the five loci. At the three other loci, H51 possessed alleles conferring early flowering in comparison to those of Landsbergerecta. Combinations of alleles conferring early and late flowering from both parents accounted for the transgressive segregation of flowering time observed within the F2 population. Three QTL,RLN1,RLN2 andRLN3 displayed significant genotype-by-environment interactions for flowering time. A significant interaction between alleles atRLN3 andRLN4 was detected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191594
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    Genetic and physical characterization of theLR1 leaf rust resistance locus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 248 (1995), S. 553-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Leaf rust ; RFLP ; Sequence-tagged-site (STS) ; Wheat ; Resistance gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the leaf rust resistance locusLr1 in wheat. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) analysis was performed on the resistant lineLr1/6*Thatcher and the susceptible varieties Thatcher and Frisal, as well as on the segregating F2 populations. Seventeen out of 37 RFLP probes mapping to group 5 chromosomes showed polymorphism betweenLr1/6*Thatcher and Frisal, whereas 11 probes were polymorphic between the near-isogenic lines (NILs)Lr1/6*Thatcher and Thatcher. Three of these probes were linked to the resistance gene in the segregating F2 populations. One probe (pTAG621) showed very tight linkage toLr1 and mapped to a single-copy region on chromosome 5D. The map location of pTAG621 at the end of the long arm of chromosome 5D was confirmed by the absence of the band in the nulli-tetrasomic line N5DT5B of Chinese Spring and a set of deletion lines of Chinese Spring lacking the distal part of 5DL. Twenty-seven breeding lines containing theLr1 resistance gene in different genetic backgrounds showed the same band asLr1/6*Thatcher when hybridized with pTAG621. The RFLP marker was converted to a sequence-tagged-site marker using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Sequencing of the specific fragment amplified from both NILs revealed point mutations as well as small insertion/deletion events. These were used to design primers that allowed amplification of a specific product only from the resistant lineLr1/6*Thatcher. This STS, specific for theLr1 resistance gene, will allow efficient selection for the disease resistance gene in wheat breeding programmes. In addition, the identification of a D-genome-specific probe tightly linked toLr1 should ultimately provide the basis for positional cloning of the gene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02423451
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    Genetic characteristics of Korean weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) by RFLP analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 86 (1995), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Korean weedy rice ; Oryza sativa ; RFLP ; classification ; weedy rice ; genetic similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic characteristics and classification of 24 strains of Korean weedy rice, two strains of foreign red rice, three Japonica cultivars, one Tongil cultivar and one Indica cultivar (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated at the DNA level using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Eighty-three random combinations between six restriction enzymes and forty genomic DNA probes (RG# and KR#) were assayed. Thirty-seven (92.5%) out of the forty probes used showed polymorphisms among the 31 accessions assayed. A high level of polymorphism was found between short and long grain type Korean weedy rices, whereas fewer polymorphisms were presented among strains within each grain type. A dendrogram summarizing genetic similarity coefficients among thirty-one accessions was constructed based on their DNA polymorphisms. The Korean weedy rice strains were classified into two groups identical to the short and long grain types classified by morphological and physiological characters. From the RFLP analysis, it was deduced that the short grain strains of Korean weedy rice belonged to Japonica, while the long grain strains were closer to Indica than to Japonica, and were differentiated into a local ecotype surviving in the growth conditions in the southern part of the Korean peninsula.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022015
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    Saccharomyces species assignment by long range ribotyping (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 67 (1995), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: riboprinting ; ribotyping ; RFLP ; 18SrDNA ; 25SrDNA ; ITS1 ; ITS2 ; Saccharomyces ; yeast phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Type strains of 10 genotypically distinctSaccharomyces species are differentiated by ribosomal DNA restriction fragment analysis (ribotyping). The full length of the chromosomal ribosomal repeat was amplified in two parts, the 18SrDNA including both ITS regions (2600 bp) and the 25SrDNA (3300 bp). Restriction fragments generated by 9 enzymes from these two products yield characteristic patterns, by which unknownSaccharomyces isolates are assigned to the type strains. For convenient separation and detection only fragments longer than 200 bp were monitored. In contrast to molecular differentiation methods of highest resolution as RAPD-PCR or fingerprinting, the results from ribotyping are absolutely reproducible and thereby suitable for databases. The phylogeny computed from the discrete character matrix for presence/absence of fragments by the PHYLIP program package is in complete accordance to the phylogeny derived from ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. By this the field of application of the long range ribotyping can be regarded basically as equal to DNA sequence analysis of the same locus. Because distant relationships are recognized, missidentified genera were detected upon the species assignment. This cannot be done by methods of higher resolution like RAPD-PCR or fingerprinting.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00872936
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    PCR-ribotyping of type isolates of currently acceptedExophiala andPhaeococcomyces species (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; Exophiala ; Wangiella ; Phaeococcomyces ; PCR-ribotyping ; RFLP ; PCR ; ribosomal repeat ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Portion of the ribosomal repeat of the type strains of the generaExphiala andPhaeococcomyces were subjected to RFLP analysis. The amplicon length of the small subunit rRNA, the fragment NS1-NS24, was found to vary between 1800 to 3200 nucleotides. In contrast, the length of the fragment ITS1-ITS4 comprising the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) was found to be constant at 600 nucleotides. Analysis of restriction profiles confirmed the synonymy ofExophiala dermatitidis andMycotorula schawii. Torula bergeri andSporotrichum gougerotii were found to be identical toPhaeoannellomyces elegans, but different from their alleged synomymE. castellanii. A phenogram is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873290
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    Identification and breeding behaviour of a major deletion of chromosome 5D ofTriticum aestivum (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 84 (1995), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: bread-wheat ; chromosome deletion ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; RFLP ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A study was undertaken to evaluate the breeding behaviour and to identify a spontaneously produced putative chromosomal deletion in the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cv Norstar. Male and female transmission studies of plants heterozygous for the deletion chromosome indicated 9.5% and 48.8% transmission through the pollen and the egg, respectively. Meiotic analyses of progeny from deletion heterozygotes indicated that the deletion chromosome was eliminated from half of the plants, which agreed with the male and female transmission frequencies. Testcrosses of the deletion chromosome with telocentrics and nullisomic-tetrasomic combinations suggested that the deletion involved the long arm of chromosome 5D. This was confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Also, monosomic plants obtained in progeny of deletion heterozygotes were shown to be monosomic for 5D. Studies of plants homozygous for the deletion showed relatively normal pairing between the deletion chromosomes, and with the short arm (5DS), but not the long arm (5DL). Deletion homozygotes were self-sterile, and morphologically similar to plants nullisomic for 5D, but plants that also contained 5DL, or a homoeologous chromosome were self-fertile and had normal morphology. Studies of chromosome morphology indicated that the deletion chromosome was metacentric, and the length of the long arm was reduced by approximately 60%. RFLP studies showed that, in terms of genetic distance, 90% of the arm was missing.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01681811
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    Mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals cytoplasmic variation within a single cultivar of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 83 (1995), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: mitochondrial genome diversity ; perennial ryegrass ; Lolium perenne ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The extent of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms among individual plant samples of perennial ryegrass was determined. A total of 72 plants from three cultivars Yorktown II, S23 and Riikka were surveyed using three restriction enzymes (BamHI,EcoRI andHindIII) and three mitochondrial gene probes (coxI, coxIII andnad9). Polymorphisms were noted within each of the two cultivars Yorktown II and S23, whereas in ‘Riikka’ no variation was detected. It seems most likely that the mitochondrial genome diversity within the same cultivar has resulted from non-homogeneous ancestor cytoplasms. The hybridization-based assay employed is simple to perform, gives unambiguous results, and may thus be used in mass screening of perennial ryegrass populations for breeding purpose.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678131
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    Development of PCR assays diagnostic for RFLP marker alleles closely linked to allelesGro1 andH1, conferring resistance to the root cyst nematodeGlobodera rostochiensis in potato (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 1 (1995), S. 65-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: marker-based selection ; nematode resistance ; potato ; PCR ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The use of RFLPs for marker-assisted selection schemes in potato breeding is hampered by the fact that RFLP technology requires good laboratory facilities, technical skills and high financial input. Marker technology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) would facilitate the application of marker-assisted selection. PCR assays have been developed that are diagnostic for RFLP alleles at two marker loci,CP56 andCP113, which are closely linked in coupling to the nematode resistance allelesGro1 on chromosome VII andH1 on chromosome V of potato. By comparing DNA sequences among different marker alleles, point mutations were identified based on which allele-specific oligonucleotides were designed. Using allele-specific oligonucleotides as primers in PCR reactions, single-marker alleles were amplified by which the inheritance ofGro1 andH1 could be followed in crosses of diploid potato genotypes containing the genetically characterizedGro1 orH1 resistance allele. When tested in 136 unrelated tetraploid potato varieties, the marker allele indicative ofGro1 was not correlated with the presence of nematode resistance. The marker allele indicative for theH1 resistance allele was correlated with nematode resistance. It was, however, found in four varieties only of the 136 tested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01682090
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    Tagging and combining bacterial blight resistance genes in rice using RAPD and RFLP markers (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 1 (1995), S. 375-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: disease resistance ; gene combination ; Oryza sativa L. ; RAPD ; RFLP ; Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four genes of rice,Oryza sativa L., conditioning resistance to the bacterial blight pathogenXanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (X. o. pv.oryzae), were tagged by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. No recombinants were observed betweenxa-5 and RFLP marker lociRZ390, RG556 orRG207 on chromosome 5.Xa-3 andXa-4 were linked to RFLP locusXNpb181 at the top of chromosome 11, at distances of 2.3 cM and 1.7 cM, respectively. The nearest marker toXa-10, also located on chromosome 11, was the RAPD locusO07 2000 at a distance of 5.3 cM. From this study, the conventional map [19, 28] and two RFLP linkage maps of chromosome 11 [14, 26] were partially integrated. Using the RFLP and RAPD markers linked to the resistance genes, we selected rice lines homozygous for pairs of resistance genes,Xa-4 +xa-5 andXa-4 +Xa-10. Lines carryingXa-4 +xa-5 andXa-4 +Xa-10 were evaluated for reaction to eight strains of the bacterial blight pathogen, representing eight pathotypes and three genetic lineages. As expected, the lines carrying pairs of genes were resistant to more of the isolates than their single-gene parental lines. Lines carryingXa-4 +xa-5 were more resistant to isolates of race 4 than were either of the parental lines (‘quantitative complementation’). No such effects were seen forXa-4 +Xa-10. Thus, combinations of resistance genes provide broader spectra of resistance through both ordinary gene action expected and quantitative complementation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01248415
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    A consensus linkage map of barley (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 1 (1995), S. 389-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; RFLP ; consensus map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A consensus linkage map of the barley genome was constructed. The map is based on six doubled haploid and one F2 population. The mapping data for three of the doubled haploid populations was obtained via the GrainGenes database. To allow merger of the maps, only RFLP markers that produce a single scorable band were included. Although this reduced the available markers by about half, the resultant map contains a total of 587 markers including 87 of known function. As expected, gene order was highly conserved between maps and all but two discrepancies were found in closely linked markers and are likely to result from the small population sizes used for some maps. The consensus map allows the rapid localisation of markers between published maps and should facilitate the selection of markers for high-density mapping in defined regions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01248416
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