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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Kernel Traits in a Soft × Hard Wheat Cross (1999)
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 1184-1195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Triticum aestivum L.). The objectives of this study were to determine associations between kernel traits and molecular markers and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting kernel traits in a soft × hard white wheat cross. Seventy-eight F2∝5-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between the soft white wheat NY6432-18 (NY18) and the hard white wheat 'Clark's Cream' (CC) were developed by single seed descent. Kernel texture was measured by near infrared reflectance (NIR) on RIL grain samples from six environments. Digital image analysis (DIA) was used to measure kernel length, width, area, perimeter on grain samples from four environments. Test weight and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were also determined. Shape factor and density factor were calculated. The map for this population consisted of 313 molecular markers in 47 linkage groups located on all wheat homoeologous chromosome groups. Linkage groups that mapped to wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes were highly skewed toward NY18 alleles. Genotype effects and genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for most traits. QTLs for kernel width and kernel length also influenced kernel area and TKW, but did not influence each other. The pinB marker at the puroindoline B locus on chromosome 5DS explained over 60% of the phenotypic variation for kernel texture. QTLs for kernel traits were located on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 7A, and 7B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal regions associated with barley yellow dwarf virus resistance in oat (2000)
    Springer
    Euphytica 114 (2000), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley yellow dwarf virus ; oat ; quantitative trait loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Recombinant inbred lines from the oat (Avena sativa L.) population Kanota × Ogle were analyzed in order to detect quantitative trait loci for Barley Yellow Dwarf resistance. Plants were scored for BYD symptoms in three locations (Urbana-Illinois, Ithaca-New York, and a greenhouse), and in four years (1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995). All plants were inoculated with infected aphids at the three-leaf stage, and the scores were recorded at the early flowering stage. Twenty one chromosomal regions distributed over 16 different linkage groups were associated with BYD resistance. Most regions came from Kanota, while only five were contributed by Ogle. A multiple linear model was fitted for each BYDV isolate in order to evaluate the best combination of markers for selection in a backcross breeding program. In IL the best model explained 19%, 5%, and 17% of the genetic variation for 1992, 1993 and 1994, respectively. The best model for NY explained 16% of the genetic variation in 1992 and8% in 1993. The best model for the greenhouse explained 46% and 44% of the genetic variation in 1994 and 1995, respectively. These models will allow genotypic selection for BYD resistance to the extent that the markers are linked to the QTL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003936220509
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations blocking sensitivity to gibberellic acid promote ethylene-induced male sterility in wheat (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 129-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; dwarfing genes ; Rht ; semi-dwarfness ; pollen development ; ethrel ; male sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ethylene is known to perturb normal reproductive development in wheat, particularly the development of functional pollen. Two experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that increasing insensitivity to gibberellic acid (GA), conferred by the Rht genes, would be associated with increased male sterility in ethrel or Cerone®-treated wheat. Wild type (WT=rht1/rht1, rht2/rht2), single dwarf (SD=Rht1/Rht1, rht2/rht2 or SD=rht1/rht1, Rht2/Rht2), and double dwarf (DD=Rht1/Rht1, Rht2/Rht2) near-isogenic lines in six genetic backgrounds were treated with ethrel or Cerone® at the late tetrad to early uninucleate stage of pollen grain development. Ethrel induced pollen abortion in all genotypes but was highest for DD (41% above background) followed by SD (20%), and then WT genotypes (10%). Spikelet fertility decreased as the number of Rht alleles increased in response to ethrel or Cerone® treatments. Expressed as a percent of controls, spikelet fertility was 56% for WT, 42% for SD, and 29% for DD. The consistent linear relationship between the number of Rht alleles and sensitivity of ethylene-induced male sterility suggests that GA and its recognition may exert a stabilizing effect in pollen development in the presence of stress or an ethylene shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037192
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precision of genetic relationship estimates based on molecular markers (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 98 (1997), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: genetic relationship ; molecular markers ; genetic distance ; restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Genetic progress through selection is directly related to the amount of variability present in the population and the quality of genes contributed by the parents. Genetic relationships between lines were studied using DNA marker-based estimates of genetic similarity. A statistical methodology using the width of a confidence interval was developed to determine the number of probes to be surveyed and the precision in the estimation of genetic distance between pairs of cultivars. Precision was affected by type of genetic distance used, the number of cultivars, and amount of genetic diversity present in the studied group. The width of a (1-α)% confidence interval decreased as the number of RFLP fragments increased. Oat and wheat diversity studies were used to illustrate the methodology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003070714008
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saccharum spontaneum L. ‘SES 208’ genetic linkage map combining RFLP- and PCR-based markers (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 1 (1995), S. 165-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: arbitrarily primed PCR ; polyploidy ; polysomic inheritance ; RAPD markers ; single-dose fragments ; sugarcane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A 527 marker linkage map ofSaccharum spontaneum L. ‘SES 208’ (2n = 64) was established by analyzing 208 single-dose (SD) arbitrarily primed PCR polymorphisms, 234 SD RFLPs, 41 double-dose (DD) and one triple-dose (TD) polymorphisms. A map hypothesis constructed using these markers (minimum LOD = 4.00,θ = 0.25 M) had 64 linkage groups with 13 SD, nine DD, and one TD markers unlinked. Eight chromosome homology groups were identified by using DD fragments as well as SD RFLPs that identified more than one linkage group. Linkages in repulsion phase were absent from the map, as found in two previous genetic studies of this species. Together, these data demonstrate that SES 208 displayed polysomic segregation, a genetic behavior typical of autopolyploid species. As with previous studies, it was concluded that SES 208 behaved like an auto-octoploid, which was also in agreement with the number of homology groups observed. Aχ 2 was used to test whether the 527 markers were randomly distributed throughout the genome: both arbitrarily primed PCR markers and RFLPs had a distribution that was statistically indistinguishable from random. The integrated arbitrarily primed PCR-RFLP map had a predicted genomic coverage of 93% (considering only 442 SD polymorphisms) and an average interval between markers of 6 cM. SD markers were used to estimate the genome size of SES 208 at ca. 33 00 cM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01249701
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and physical mapping of barley telomeres (1993)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 238 (1993), S. 294-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Telomere mapping ; Subtelomeric DNA satellite ; Pulsed field gel electrophoresis ; In situ hybridization ; Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) telomeres were investigated by means of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization showed that a tandemly repeated satellite sequence has a subtelomeric location, and is present at thirteen of the fourteen chromosome ends. PFGE revealed that this satellite sequence is physically close to the telomeric repeat. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was then used for segregation analysis and linkage mapping of several telomeric and satellite loci in a segregating doubled-haploid population. The telomeric repeat displayed a hypervariable segregation pattern with new alleles occurring in the progeny. Eight satellite and telomeric sites were mapped on an restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-map of barley, defining the ends of chromosome arms 1L, 2S, 3L, 4S, 4L, 5S and 6. One satellite locus mapped to an interstitial site on the long arm of chromosome 3. The pyhsical location of this locus was confirmed by in situ hybridization to wheat/barley addition line 3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279558
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5S ribosomal gene clusters in wheat: pulsed field gel electrophoresis reveals a high degree of polymorphism (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 232 (1992), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: 5S ribosomal genes ; Triticum aestivum ; Pulsed field gel electrophoresis ; Genetic fingerprinting ; Hypervariability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The long-range structure of 5S rRNA gene clusters has been investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by means of pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Using aneuploid stocks, 5S rRNA gene clusters were assigned to sites on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 513 and 5D. Cluster sizes were evaluated and the copy number of 5S DNA repeats was estimated at 4700-5200 copies for the short repeating unit (410 bp) and about 3100 copies for the long repeat (500 bp) per haploid genome. A comparison of wheat cultivars revealed extremely high levels of polymorphism in the 5S rRNA gene clusters. With one restriction enzyme digest all varieties tested gave unique banding patterns and, on a per fragment basis, 21-fold more polymorphism was detected among cultivars for 5S DNA compared to standard restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected with single copy clones. Experiments with aneuploid stocks suggest that the 5S rRNA gene clusters at several chromosomal sites contribute to this polymorphism. A number of previous reports have shown that wheat cultivars are not easily distinguished by isozymes or RFLPs. The high level of variation detected in 5S rRNA gene clusters therefore offers the possibility of a sensitive fingerprinting method for wheat. 5S DNA and other macro-satellite sequences may also serve as hypervariable Mendelian markers for genetic and breeding experiments in wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279999
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abundance, variability and chromosomal location of microsatellites in wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 246 (1995), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Microsatellites ; Wheat (Triticum aestivum) ; Polymorphism ; Sequence tagged sites (STSs) ; Genetic markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The potential of microsatellite sequences as genetic markers in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) was investigated with respect to their abundance, variability, chromosomal location and usefulness in related species. By screening a lambda phage library, the total number of (GA)n blocks was estimated to be 3.6 x 104 and the number of (GT)n blocks to be 2.3 x 104 per haploid wheat genome. This results in an average distance of approximately 270 kb between these two microsatellite types combined. Based on sequence analysis data from 70 isolated microsatellites, it was found that wheat microsatellites are relatively long containing up to 40 dinucleotide repeats. Of the tested primer pairs, 36% resulted in fragments with a size corresponding to the expected length of the sequenced microsatellite clone. The variability of 15 microsatellite markers was investigated on 18 wheat accessions. Significantly, more variation was detected with the microsatellite markers than with RFLP markers with, on average, 4.6 different alleles per microsatellite. The 15 PCR-amplified microsatellites were further localized on chromosome arms using cytogenetic stocks of Chinese Spring. Finally, the primers for the 15 wheat microsatellites were used for PCR amplification with rye (Secale cereale) and barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare, H. spontaneum). Amplified fragments were observed for ten primer pairs with barley DNA and for nine primer pairs with rye DNA as template. A microsatellite was found by dot blot analysis in the PCR products of barley and rye DNA for only one primer pair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288605
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative mapping in grasses. Wheat relationships (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 248 (1995), S. 744-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Oat ; Rice ; Maize ; RFLP ; Synteny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Conventionally, the genetics of species of the family Gramineae have been studied separately. Comparative mapping using DNA markers offers a method of combining the research efforts in each species. In this study, we developed consensus maps for members of the Triticeae tribe (Triticum aestivum, T. tauschii, andHordeum spp.) and compared them to rice, maize and oat. The aneuploid stocks available in wheat are invaluable for comparative mapping because almost every DNA fragment can be allocated to a chromosome arm, thus preventing erroneous conclusions about probes that could not be mapped due to a lack of polymorphism between mapping parents. The orders of the markers detected by probes mapped in rice, maize and oat were conserved for 93, 92 and 94% of the length of Triticeae consensus maps, respectively. The chromosome segments duplicated within the maize genome by ancient polyploidization events were identified by homoeology of segments from two maize chromosomes to regions of one Triticeae chromosome. Homoeologous segments conserved across Triticeae species, rice, maize, and oat can be identified for each Triticeae chromosome. Putative orthologous loci for several simply inherited and quantitatively inherited traits in Gramineae species were identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191715
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative mapping in grasses. Oat relationships (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 249 (1995), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rice ; Maize ; RFLP ; Synteny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of RFLP linkage maps in hexaploid and diploid oat allows us to study genetic relationships of these species at the DNA level. In this report, we present the extension of a previously developed diploid oat map (Avena atlantica x A. hirtula) and its molecular-genetic relationships with wheat, rice and maize. Examination of 92–99% of the length of the oat genome map with probes common to Triticeae species, rice or maize showed that 84, 79 and 71%, respectively, was conserved between these species and oat. Generally, the orders of loci among chromosomes homoeologous to oat chromosomes A and D were the most conserved and those of chromosomes homoeologous to oat chromosome G were the least conserved. Conservation was observed for blocks ranging from whole chromosomes 101 cM long to small segments 2.5 cM long containing two loci. Comparison of the homoeologous segments of Triticeae, rice and maize relative to oat indicated that certain regions have been maintained in all four species. The relative positions of major genes governing traits such as seed storage proteins and resistance to leaf rusts have been conserved between cultivated oat and Triticeae species. Also, the locations of three vernalization/or photo-period response genes identified in hexaploid oat correspond to the locations of similar genes in homoeologous chromosomes of wheat, rice or maize. The locations of the centromeres for six of the seven oat chromosomes were estimated based on the homoeologous segments between oat and Triticeae chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290536
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