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1

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Genome mapping of polyploid tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with RFLP markers (1995)

Xu, W. W. ; Sleper, D. A. ; Chao, S.

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 947-955

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: RFLP ; Genetic map ; Polyploids ; Tall fescue ; Molecular marker

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Genetic mapping using molecular markers such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) has become a powerful tool for plant geneticists and breeders. Like many economically important polyploid plant species, detailed genetic studies of hexaploid tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) are complicated, and no genetic map has been established. We report here the first tall fescue genetic map. This map was generated from an F2 population of HD28-56 by ‘Kentucky-31’ and contains 108 RFLP markers. Although the two parental plants were heterozygous, the perennial and tillering growth habit, high degree of RFLP, and disomic inheritance of tall fescue enabled us to identify the segregating homologous alleles. The map covers 1274 cM on 19 linkage groups with an average of 5 loci per linkage group (LG) and 17.9 cM between loci. Mapping the homoeologous loci detected by the same probe allowed us to identify five homoeologous groups within which the gene orders were found to be generally conserved among homoeologous chromosomes. An exception was homoeologous group 5, in which only 2 of the 3 homoeologous chromosomes were identified. Using 12 genome-specific probes, we were able to assign several linkage groups to one of the three genomes (PG1G2) in tall fescue. All the loci detected by the 11 probes specific to the G1 and/or G2 genomes, with one exception, identified loci located on 4 chromosomes of two homoeologous groups (LG2a, LG2c, LG3a, and LG3c). A P-genome-specific probe was used to map a locus on LG5c. Comparative genome mapping with maize probes indicated that homoeologous group 3 and 2 chromosomes in tall fescue corresponded to maize chromosome 1. Difficulties and advantages of applying RFLP technology in polyploids with high levels of heterozygosity are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223905

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2

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RFLP markers associated with soybean cyst nematode resistance and seed composition in a ‘Peking’×‘Essex’ population (1999)

Qiu, B. X. ; Arelli, P. R. ; Sleper, D. A.

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 356-364

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Key words SCN ; RFLP ; QTL ; Molecular marker ; Soybean

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, causes severe damage to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] throughout North America and worldwide. Molecular markers associated with loci conferring SCN resistance would be useful in breeding programs using marker-assisted selection (MAS). In this study, 200 F2:3 families derived from two contrasting parents, SCN-resistant ‘Peking’ with relatively low protein and oil concentrations, and SCN-susceptible ‘Essex’ with high protein and oil concentrations, were used to determine loci underlying the SCN resistance and seed composition. Three different SCN Race isolates (1, 3, and 5) were used to screen both parents and F2:3 families. The parents were surveyed with 216 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes with five different restriction enzymes. Fifty-six were polymorphic and contrasted with trait data from bioassays to identify molecular markers associated with loci controlling resistance to SCN and seed composition. Five RFLP markers, A593 and T005 on linkage group (LG) B, A018 on LG E, and K014 and B072 on LG H, were significantly linked to resistance loci for Race 1 isolate, which jointly explained 57.7% of the total phenotypic variation. Three markers (B072 and K014, both on LG H; T005 on LG B) were associated with resistance to the Race 3 isolate and jointly explained 21.4% of the total phenotypic variation. Two markers (K011 on LG I, A963 on LG E) associated with resistance to the Race 5 isolate together explained 14.0% of the total phenotypic variation. In the same population we also identified two RFLP markers (B072 on LG H, B148 on LG F) associated with loci conferring protein concentration, which jointly explained 32.3% of the total phenotypic variation. Marker B072 was also linked to loci controlling the concentration of seed oil, which explained 21% of the total phenotypic variation. Clustering among quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning resistance to different SCN Race isolates and seed protein and oil concentrations may exist in this population. We believe that markers located near these QTLs could be used to select for new SCN resistance and higher levels of seed protein and oil concentrations in breeding improved soybean cultivars.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051080

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3

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Comparative RFLP mapping of meadow and tall fescue (1998)

Chen, C. ; Sleper, D. A. ; Johal, G. S

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 255-260

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Key words RFLPs ; Genome mapping ; Festuca pratensis ; F. arundinacea

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Molecular markers based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to construct a genetic linkage map in diploid meadow fescue, Festuca pratensis Huds. (2n=2x=14, genomic designation PP), and to compare its genomic relationship with a related species, hexaploid tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; 2n=6x=42, PPG1G1G2G2). Using a collection of 66 tall-fescue (heterologous) markers, an RFLP linkage map was constructed in F. pratensis. This map, which has a total length of 280.1 cM, includes seven linkage groups. A comparison of 33 markers that were mapped in both F. pratensis and F. arundinacea detected highly conserved linkage groups between these two species. Our data are consistent with the proposal that one of the genomes of F. arundinacea was derived from F. pratensis. However, since significant changes in marker sequences, map distances, and homoeologous linkage groups were also detected between the two species, it appears that the P genome diverged substantially during evolution from the diploid to the hexaploid Festuca.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050893

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4

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Phylogeny of tall fescue and related species using RFLPs (1994)

Xu, W. W. ; Sleper, D. A.

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 685-690

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Festuca arundinacea ; Lolium perenne ; Genome-specific probes ; Grass breeding

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The wild species of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea var.genuina Schreb.) represent a wide range of genetic variation and constitute potential germplasm for tall fescue improvement. Our objective was to evaluate genome specificity of the previously-identified DNA probes and to examine the phylogenetic relationship of tall fescue with six related species by using RFLP data. A total of 29 DNA probes from aPstI-genomic library of tall fescue were hybridized toEcoRI-orHindIII-digested DNA of 32 plants from sixFestuca species and fromLolium perenne L. Fifteen probes hybridized to all seven species. The remaining 14 probes showed differential hybridization patterns (i.e., ±), especially at the diploid and tetraploid levels. This hybridization pattern reflected genome divergence in these species. The DNA probes will be useful markers in breeding programs involving interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Cluster analyses were performed using the average genetic distances calculated with the RFLP data from 53 probe-enzyme combinations. Generally, genotypes from the same species were grouped in the same cluster. These data indicated that tall fescue has a close relationship withF. pratensis Huds. (diploid),F. arundinacea var.glaucescens Boiss. (tetraploid), andL. perenne L. (diploid) and thatFestuca pratensis andL. perenne had the closest degree of relationship.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253971

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5

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Genetic variability of mineral concentrations in Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (1981)

Nguyen, H. T. ; Sleper, D. A.

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 57-63

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Tall fescue ; Forage grass breeding ; Diallel analyses ; Forage quality ; Grass tetany

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Nine randomly chosen clones of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were mated in all possible combinations to determine the nature of genetic variation for Mg, Ca, K, and P concentrations in a broad genetic base population. General combining ability mean squares were significant for most variables, whereas specific combining ability mean squares were not significant in most instances indicating that additive genetic variance was more important. Genotype x year interactions were significant for most variables, suggesting that selection should be evaluated over many environments. Broad-sense heritability estimates based on parental and progeny variance components were generally high for P, K, Ca, and Mg but low for the ratio K/(Ca + Mg). Narrow-sense heritabilities for these minerals were close to the broad sense values since the additive genetic variance was the largest component of the total genetic variation. Correlations between mineral concentrations and herbage dry matter yield were low. It was concluded that adequate genetic variation exists to improve mineral concentration without altering herbage dry matter yields.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275779

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6

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Theory and application of half-sib matings in forage grass breeding (1983)

Nguyen, H. T. ; Sleper, D. A.

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 187-196

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Polycross mating ; Topcross mating ; Open-pollinated mating ; Parent-offspring regression ; Quantitative genetics

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Half-sib (HS) matings, including polycross, topcross, and open-pollination, are useful in the breeding of cross-pollinated sexual perennial forage grasses to evaluate general combining ability of parental clones for synthetic cultivar development, recombine selected entries in recurrent selection programs, and obtain quantitative genetic information. The objective of this paper is to review uses of HS matings in breeding of these forage grasses with emphasis on theoretical aspects related to quantitative genetic analysis. Polycross mating with adequate replications and sufficient isolation is recommended over topcross and open-pollinated mating schemes in generating HS families for quantitative genetic studies. For the estimates of many genetic parameters to be valid, the parents must be a random sample from a random mating population in linkage equilibrium. Precision of the estimates depends on adequante sampling of the population of genotypes and environments used for evaluation. Analyses of variance on HS families and parental clones, and analysis of covariance between parent and offspring provide useful information on additivity of genetic effects and on genotype × environment interactions. Classical, narrow-sense heritability on an individual plant basis can be estimated and used to predict genetic gain from individual (mass) selection, providing that within family variance is estimable. If the forage breeder uses family selection, heritability should be estimated according to the proposed unit of selection. The selection unit must be specified in terms of numbers of replications, years, and locations. Polycross HS family selection can be readily adapted to a population improvement program in forage grass breeding. Narrow-sense heritability can also be estimated by doubling the linear regression coefficient of HS prog eny means on parental means. When HS families and parents are evaluated together in replicated experiments under similar environments, covariance analysis is recommended to remove the genotype × environment interaction covariance and environmental error covariance between parent and offspring, since these nongenetic covariances may result in inflated heritability estimates and misleading expected genetic gains from selection.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303763

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7

Electronic Resource

Peroxidase isozyme differences in tall fescue cultivars and allopolyploid accessions (1982)

Hicks, P. H. ; Sleper, D. A. ; Randall, D. D. ; [et al.]

Springer

Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 175-181

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Festuca arundinacea ; tall fescue ; polyploidy ; isoelectric focusing ; varietal identification

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary The use of isoelectric focusing for the isozymic identification of cultivars and wild forms in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and determination of ploidy effects was investigated. Peroxidase zymograms from allopolyploid accessions (4x, 6x, 8x, and 10x, x=7) and randomly sampled plants of the cultivars ‘Kenhy’, ‘Kentucky 31’, and ‘Missouri 96’, were compared for band number, position, and staining intensity. There was little isozymic variation among plants in the tetraploid and hexaploid, but considerably more in the octoploid and decaploid members of the series. Yet no significant effects of ploidy on isozyme complexity or band number were observed. There were no consistent differences in band number, position, or frequencies among the three cultivars in spite of their diverse parentage. Isoclectric focusing can be used successfully in tall fescue, but the limited variability of the peroxidases encourages investigation of other isozyme systems in the future.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028320

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