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Chromosome pairing relationships among the A, B, and D genomes of bread wheat (1991)

Jauhar, P. P. ; Riera-Lizarazu, O. ; Dewey, W. G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 441-449

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Homoeologous chromosome pairing ; Ph1 pairing regulator ; Genome relationships ; Euhaploid ; Giemsa N-banding

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Chromosome pairing and chiasma frequency were studied in bread wheat euhaploids (2n = 3x = 21; ABD genomes) with and without the major pairing regulatorPh1. This constitutes the first report of chromosome pairing relationships among the A, B, and D genomes of wheat without the influence of an alien genome. AllPh1 euhaploids had very little pairing, with 0.62–1.05 rod bivalents per cell; ring bivalents were virtually absent and mean arm-binding frequency (c) values ranged from 0.050 to 0.086. In contrast, theph1b euhaploids had extensive homoeologous pairing, with chiasma frequency 7.5–11.6 times higher than that in thePh1 euhaploids. They had 0.53–1.16 trivalents, 1.53–1.74 ring bivalents, and 2.90–3.57 rod bivalents, withc from 0.580 to 0.629. N-banding of meiotic chromosomes showed strongly preferential pairing between chromosomes of the A and D genomes; 80% of the pairing was between these genomes, especially in the presence of theph1b allele. The application of mathematical models to unmarked chromosomes also supported a 2∶1 genomic structure of theph1b euhaploids. Numerical modeling suggested that about 80% of the metaphase I association was between the two most related genomes in the presence ofph1b, but that pairing under Ph1 was considerably more random. The data demonstrate that the A and D genomes are much more closely related to each other than either is to B. These results may have phylogenetic significance and hence breeding implications.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588597

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Aneuploidy, structural chromosome changes, and DNA amounts in the annual taxa of theHaplopappus spinulosus complex (1993)

Jackson, R. C. ; Crane, C. F. ; Johnston, J. S. ; [et al.]

Springer

Chromosome research 1 (1993), S. 53-61

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ISSN: 1573-6849

Keywords: aneuploidy ; DNA content ; inversion ; translocation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Haplopappus gracilis (n=2),Haplopappus revenil (n=4), andHaplopappus wigginsii (n=4) are isolated by F1 hybrid sterility due mainly to translocation heterozygosity. There is no evidence that this can be overcome at the diploid level so that introgression can occur among them. They are also separated geographically, but occasional populations ofH. gracilis andH. ravenil may be brought together along roadways to form sterile hybrids. There were no statistically significant differences in nuclear DNA content among the same or structurally different aneuploidn=2 andn=3 chromosome races or ecotypes ofH. gracilis. Some of theH. gracilis races were not significantly different from one race of the ancestralH. ravenii, and these samples of both species were from plants growing on poor soils in contrast to accessions from normal habitats. How much and which classes of DNA in these species are subject to changes induced by environmental effects is not known. There were no correlations between DNA amounts and altitude, latitude, and longitude.H. wigginsii had a greater amount of DNA per nucleus than eitherH. ravenii orH. gracilis, and its increased DNA content may reflect a more rapid accumulation of noncoding sequences due to facultative self-compatibility not found in the other two species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710607

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Peroxidase isozyme differences in tall fescue cultivars and allopolyploid accessions (1982)

Hicks, P. H. ; Sleper, D. A. ; Randall, D. D. ; [et al.]

Springer

Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 175-181

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Festuca arundinacea ; tall fescue ; polyploidy ; isoelectric focusing ; varietal identification

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary The use of isoelectric focusing for the isozymic identification of cultivars and wild forms in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and determination of ploidy effects was investigated. Peroxidase zymograms from allopolyploid accessions (4x, 6x, 8x, and 10x, x=7) and randomly sampled plants of the cultivars ‘Kenhy’, ‘Kentucky 31’, and ‘Missouri 96’, were compared for band number, position, and staining intensity. There was little isozymic variation among plants in the tetraploid and hexaploid, but considerably more in the octoploid and decaploid members of the series. Yet no significant effects of ploidy on isozyme complexity or band number were observed. There were no consistent differences in band number, position, or frequencies among the three cultivars in spite of their diverse parentage. Isoclectric focusing can be used successfully in tall fescue, but the limited variability of the peroxidases encourages investigation of other isozyme systems in the future.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028320

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