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  • Column liquid chromatography  (54)
  • Triticum aestivum  (38)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and its relation to the depletion of soil organic phosphorus (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 3 (1987), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Phosphatases ; Rhizosphere ; Organic phosphorus ; Allium cepa ; Brassica oleracea ; Triticum aestivum ; Trifolium alexandrinum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of phosphatase activity and of phosphate fractions of the soil in the proximity of roots was studied in order to evaluate the significance of phosphatases in P nutrition of various plants (Brassica oleracea, Allium cepa, Triticum aestivum, Trifolium alexandrinum). A considerable increase in both acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in all the four soil-root interfaces was observed. Maximum distances from the root surface at which activity increases were observed ranged from 2.0 mm to 3.1 mm for acid phosphatase and from 1.2 mm to 1.6 mm for alkaline phosphatase. The increase in phosphatase activity depended upon plant age, plant species and soil type. A significant correlation was noticed between the depletion of organic P and phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil of wheat (r = 0.99**) and clover (r = 0.97**). The maximum organic P depletion was 65% in clover and 86% in wheat, which was observed within a distance from the root of 0.8 mm in clover and 1.5 mm in wheat. Both the phosphatases in combination appear to be responsible for the depletion of organic P.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640630
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Carbon transfer in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) ecosystem (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 76-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Biomass accumulation ; Decomposition ; Litter ; Soil organic matter ; Soil respiration ; 14C deposition ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In a field experiment with 14C-labeled winter wheat conducted in the north-central region of the United States, crop-accumulated carbon (grain excluded) returned to the soil was found to be 542 g m−2 year−1. Almost half of the carbon from the underground compartment was released in the form of CO2 during the first 3 months after harvest due to very favorable conditions for biological activity. After 18 months, no less than 80% of the carbon from the plant residues was mineralized. About 16% of straw carbon and 24% of root carbon was transferred into soil organic matter. The annual rate of soil organic matter decomposition was approximated as 1.7%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264350
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yield response of spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum and T. turgidum) to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense under field conditions (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; T. turgidum ; Nitrogen fixation ; Field inoculation ; Acetylene reduction assay (ARA)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Eight commercial Israeli spring wheat cultivars (six Triticum aestivum and two T. turgidum) grown with 40 and 120 kg N/ha were tested for responses to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. At the low level of N fertilization (40 kg/ha), five cultivars showed significant increases in plant dry weight measured at the milky ripe stage; however, by maturation only the cultivar “Miriam” showed a significant increase in grain yield. Two cultivars, which had shown a positive inoculation effect at the earlier stages, had a significant decrease in grain yield. No significant effect of inoculation was found at the high N level. To confirm those results, four wheat (T. aestivum) cultivars were tested separately over 4 years in 4 different locations under varying N levels. Only Miriam showed a consistently positive effect of Azospirillum inoculation on grain yield. Inoculation increased the number of roots per plant on Miriam compared with uninoculated plants. This effect was found at all N levels. Nutrient (N, P and K) accumulation and number of fertile tillers per unit area were also enhanced by Azospirillum, but these parameters were greatly affected by the level of applied N. It is suggested that the positive response of the spring wheat cultivar “Miriam” to Azospirillum inoculation is due to its capacity to escape water stresses at the end of the growth season.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280347
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peculiar effect of Azospirillum inoculation on growth and nitrogen balance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Azospirillum brasilense ; Triticum aestivum ; Inoculation ; N and dry matter yield ; N percentages in plant parts ; Associative N2 fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) grown in pots and in the field under the Mediterranean climate of the south of France were inoculated with a strain of Azospirillum brasilense. Comparisons with non-inoculated plants grown under the same conditions showed significant responses to inoculation with an increase in the number of fertile tillers, shoot and root dry weight, and root to shoot biomass ratio. The roots of inoculated plants attracted relatively more assimilates than those of the control plants until a late stage of growth (heading stage) but the rhizosphere respiration expressed per unit of root growth was not increased by inoculation. Nitrogen yield, both total and in grains, was also enhanced; however, N percentages of all aerial parts of the plants grown in pots were always statistically lower after inoculation than in the control. At maturity, the N % in seeds was 1.81 and 2.45, respectively. The possible mechanisms of this effect of inoculation under the experimental conditions of this study are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280351
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inoculation of field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) with Azospirillum spp. in Brazil (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Azospirillum brasilense ; Azospirillum amazonense ; rate reductase ; Inoculation ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Three field experiments with wheat were conducted in 1983, 1984, and 1985 in Terra Roxa soil in Paraná, the major Brazilian wheat-growing region, to study inoculation effects of various strains of Azospirillum brasilense and A. amazonense. In all three experiments inoculation with A. brasilense Sp 245 isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots in Paraná produced the highest plant dry weights and highest N% in plant tops and grain. Grain yield increases with this strain were up to 31 % but were not significant. The application of 60 or 100 kg N ha−1 to the controls increased N accumulation and produced yields less than inoculation with this strain. Another A. brasilense strain from surface-sterilized wheat roots (Sp 107st) also produced increased N assimilation at the lower N fertilizer level but reduced dry weights at the high N level, while strain Sp 7 + Cd reduced dry weights and N% in the straw at both N levels. The A. amazonense strain isolated from washed roots and a nitrate reductase negative mutant of strain Sp 245 were ineffective. Strains Sp 245 and Sp 107st showed the best establishment within roots while strain Cd established only in the soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280348
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Colonization of wheat seedling (Triticum aestivum) roots by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Competition ; Migration ; Colonization potential ; Replica printing ; Triticum aestivum ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Bacillus subtilis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Colonization patterns of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis on roots of wheat seedlings growing on water agar were studied qualitatively by replica printing and quantitatively by the plate count method. The results indicated a stronger colonization potential for P. fluorescens (up to 107 cfu/cm root) than for B. subtilis (up to 105 cfu/cm root). Although the numbers of both species were lower when inoculated together, the observed colonization patterns on the roots were comparable to those found with single inoculations. For none of these bacteria was active migration along the root surface in any direction observed, indicating that distal positions are reached mainly by a passive displacement on the root tip and elongating cells. Ecological implications of the observed phenomena are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280349
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of certain herbicides on growth and pathogenicity of take-all fungus on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Gaeumannomyces graminis ; VegVetative growth ; Pathogenicity ; Herbicides ; Diquat+paraquat ; Glyphosate ; Dicamba ; Trifluralin ; Chlorsulfuron ; Chlorthal dimethyl ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effects of Spray Seed (diquat + paraquat), Roundup (glyphosate), Banvel-D (dicamba), Treflan (trifluralin), Glean (chlorsulfuron) and Dacthal (chlorthal dimethyl) at concentrations of 0–500 ppm product on the vegetative growth, vigour and pathogenicity of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) on wheat were examined. All herbicides with the exception of dicamba and chlorsulfuron inhibited fungal growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at concentrations 10–500-fold of rates recommended for use in the field. The vegetative growth of the pathogen growing out of straw colonized on PDA supplemented with 100 ppm diquat + paraquat or glyphosate was reduced by 47.4% and 42.4%, respectively. When portions of these colonies were subcultured onto unamended PDA, their growth and the pathogenicity of straw pieces colonized by these subcultures were found to be unaltered. Straw colonized by Ggt on agar amended with concentrations of diquat + paraquat or at all concentrations of glyphosate produced less root disease in wheat seedlings in comparison to those colonized on unamended agar. It is proposed that the reduced pathogenicity of inocula prepared on agar amended with these two herbicides is due to poor colonization by the pathogen of straw on these media, and that a similar effect on saprophytic colonization in the field could lead to a reduction in the field inocula of the pathogen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264343
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extensive mitochondrial DNA variation in somatic tissue cultures initiated from wheat immature embryos (1987)
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Tissue culture ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Genomic variability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Wheat mitochondria) DNA has been isolated from callus cultures initiated from both immature embryos and the corresponding parental cultivar. A Sall restriction pattern study has shown that the organization of callus culture mitochondria) DNA underwent extensive change, characterized by either the disappearance or the decrease in the relative stoichiometry of several restriction bands. Hybridization of labelled mitochondrial fragments obtained from a recombinant cosmid library to Southern blots of callus and parental line restricted mitochondria) DNAs has shown that a fraction of the mitochondria) genome was lost in callus cultures. Data from a Sall + HindIII restriction map of a defined part of the wheat mitochondria) genome concerned with some of these variations strongly suggest that the observed variations correspond to the disappearance of at least one mitochondria) DNA subgenomic molecule in callus cultures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405759
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic control of NADH dehydrogenase-1 and aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase-2 in hexaploid wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 25 (1987), S. 837-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): NADH dehydrogenase ; aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase ; Triticum aestivum ; isozymes ; structural genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The genetic control of NADH dehydrogenase-1 (NDH-1) and aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (AADH-2) was investigated in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. Evidence was obtained that NDH-1 is active as a monomer and is encoded by genes located in the p arms of the homoeologous group 4 chromosomes. The NDH-1 gene loci located in 4 Ap, 4Bp, and 4Dp were designated Ndh-A1, Ndh-B1, and Ndh-D1, respectively. Aadh-A2 was previously reported to be located in 6Aq; in this study, Aadh-B2 and Aadh-D2 were localized in 6Bq and 6Dq, respectively. Alcohol dehydrogenase-1 is expressed on AADH-2 zymograms; the presence of a contaminating aliphatic alcohol in one or more reagents is suggested as the probable cause of this phenomenon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502603
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The pattern of amyloplast DNA accumulation during wheat endosperm development (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 171 (1987), S. 416-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Amyloplast DNA ; DNA accumulation ; Endosperm development ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The accumulation of amyloplast DNA during endosperm development was studied in two cultivars of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) and ‘Spica’, small and relatively larger-grained cultivars, respectively. Endosperms were isolated between 9 and 45 days post anthesis (dpa) and the amyloplast DNA content of endosperm nucleic-acid extracts was measured by quantitative hybridisation with a homologous chloroplast-DNA probe. The endosperm cells of CS and Spica accumulated amyloplast DNA during development in a similar way. In both cultivars there was a large increase in the amount of plastid DNA (ptDNA) per endosperm between 9 and about 15 dpa, after which there was no further increase. Because nuclear DNA continued to accumulate until 24 dpa, the percentage contribution of amyloplast DNA to total DNA fluctuated in both cultivars during development, reaching maxima at 12 dpa of about 1.00% and 0.85%, and dropping to apparently constant levels of 0.60% and 0.52% in CS and Spica, respectively, by 24 dpa. In both cultivars, the average number of ptDNA copies per amyloplast was calculated to increase from about 10 copies at 9 dpa to about 50 copies in the mature amyloplasts at 31 dpa. However, the heavier endosperms of Spica contain more cells than those of CS and the varieties therefore differed in the amount of ptDNA that accumulated per endosperm: Spica endosperms accumulated 110 ng of ptDNA by 15 dpa, compared with only 85 ng in CS. The apparent accumulation of ptDNA copies in wheat amyloplasts during endosperm development contrasts with the decline in chloroplast-DNA copies in wheat chloroplasts during leaf development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398688
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A somaclonal variant of wheat with additional β-amylase isozymes (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): β-amylase ; Isozymes ; Triticum aestivum ; Somaclonal variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The progeny of 149 plants regenerated from tissue culture of immature wheat (Triticum aestivum) embryos were screened for variation in their grain β-amylase isozyme pattern. One regenerant was found which was heterozygous for a variant pattern characterized by the presence of at least five new isozyme bands, as well as an increased intensity in existing bands in two more positions. The F2 of a homozygous variant crossed back to the parent segregated in an approximate 3∶1 ratio but resolution of the gels was not sufficient to distinguish whether this represents a dominant or co-dominant single mutant gene. No chromosome abnormalities were evident in mitosis or meiosis of the homozygous variant or in the F1 of the variant crossed back to the parent. No recombination has been seen between the variant bands and production of multiple bands from a single locus is consistent with the nature of the known β-amylase loci. However, the variant bands were not evident in a survey of 111 diverse genotypes, nor were they present in developing grain of the parent cultivar. Therefore, this variant could represent a rare mutation leading to expression of a currently unexpressed locus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262516
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetics of resistance to Puccinia graminis tritici in ‘Chris’ and ‘W3746’ wheats (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 846-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Puccinia graminis tritici ; Triticum aestivum ; Monosomic analysis ; Rust resistance ; Gene identification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary ‘Chris’ wheat possessed genes Sr5, Sr7a, Sr8a, Sr9g and Sr12. ‘W3746’, derived from the cross ‘Chris’/‘Baart’, possessed Sr7a and Sr12. The response conferred by Sr7a was influenced by the genetic background. Although Sr7a or Sr12 alone conferred no observable resistance upon adult plants, the adult resistances of ‘Chris’ and ‘W3746’ to predominant pathotypes appeared to be associated with the interaction of Sr7a and Sr12, or genes at closely linked loci.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289389
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosomal location of a K/Na discrimination character in the D genome of wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 584-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; T. turgidum ; Aegilops squarrosa ; Cation uptake ; D genome
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary K/Na ratios have been determined in the leaves of salt-treated plants of 14 disomic substitution lines in which each of the D-genome chromosomes replaces the homoeologous A- or B-genome chromosome in the tetraploid wheat variety Langdon (AABB genome). Aneuploid lines of hexaploid bread wheat (cv Chinese Spring) having a reduced or an enhanced complement of chromosome 4D have also been examined. These investigations show that the gene(s) determining K/Na ratios in the leaves of wheat plants grown in the presence of salt is located on the long arm of chromosome 4D.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288856
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytogenetic analysis of structural rearrangements in three varieties of common wheat, Triticum aestivum (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 635-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Structural rearrangements ; Translocation ; Interchange ; Duplication-deficiency ; Aneuploidy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The winter wheat varieties ‘Starke’ and ‘Cappelle Desprez’ and the spring wheat ‘Chinese Spring’ were analysed for structural chromosome rearrangements that resulted in the formation of multivalents in F1 hybrids. The analyses were carried out using hybrids involving euploids, monosomic and ditelosomic stocks, and double-monotelodisomic constructs. The study confirmed that ‘Cappelle Desprez’ differs from ‘Chinese Spring’ in a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 5B and 7B (Riley et al. 1967); a translocation involving chromosomes 3B and 3D could not be verified. Furthermore, the analysis showed that ‘Starke’ differs from ‘Chinese Spring’ in a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 7A and 7D. Both translocations have a coefficient of multivalent realisation of about 0.84. Further multivalents in euploid ‘Starke’, in euploid and some aneuploid stocks of ‘Cappelle Desprez’, and in euploid as well as various types of aneuploid hybrids between all three varieties could nearly all be explained hypothesizing that chromosome 2B of both ‘Starke’ and ‘Cappelle Desprez’ is a duplication-deficiency chromosome. In the hypothesis a part of the long arm of 2B is missing and replaced by a duplicated part of the long arm of chromosome 2D. The multivalents of this rearrangement showed an average coefficient of realisation of about 0.09.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260770
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The peroxidase isozymes of the wheat kernel: tissue and substrate specificity and their chromosomal location (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 701-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Peroxidases ; Tissue and substrate-specificity ; Chromosomal location
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Peroxidase isozymes were studied in the Triticum aestivum L. kernel and in nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelocentric combinations of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat. Analyses were carried out on different parts of dry kernels (embryo plus scutellum and endosperm) using polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis, different electrophoretic buffer systems and various staining methods. The peroxidase isozymes showed a low substrate-specificity and a high tissue-specificity. The embryo plus scutellum and the endosperm always presented different peroxidase patterns. Endosperm peroxidases were associated with chromosome arms 7DS, 4BL and 7AS; whereas the embryo plus scutellum isozymes were related to chromosome arms 3AL, 3BL and 3DS. The different results obtained using various electrophoretic techniques are due to the buffer system used. All staining procedures employed revealed the same peroxidase isozymes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260779
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variability and genetics of spacer DNA sequences between the ribosomal-RNA genes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Ribosomal RNA ; Nor alleles ; Nucleolar organiser regions ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Using restriction enzyme digests of genomic DNA extracted from the leaves of 25 hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cultivars and their hybrids, restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the spacer DNA which separates the ribosomal-RNA genes have been examined. (From one to three thousand of these genes are borne on chromosomes 1B and 6B of hexaploid wheat). The data show that there are three distinct alleles of the 1B locus, designated Nor-B1a, Nor-B1b, and Nor-B1c, and at least five allelic variants of the 6B locus, designated Nor-B2a, Nor-B2b, Nor-B2c, Nor-B2d, and Nor-B2e. A further, previously reported allele on 6B has been named Nor-B2f. Chromosome 5D has only one allelic variant, Nor-D3. Whereas the major spacer variants of the 1B alleles apparently differ by the loss or gain of one or two of the 133 bp sub-repeat units within the spacer DNA, the 6B allelic variants show major differences in their compositions and lengths. This may be related to the greater number of rDNA repeat units at this locus. The practical implications of these differences and their application to wheat breeding are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288861
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new selection criterion for yield in wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Biomass ; Harvest index ; Selection criterion ; Tiller mortality ; Modified selection procedure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The mortality of young tillers to an extent of 36.5% under optimum cultural conditions was recorded in a field experiment. Attention is drawn to the necessity of minimising this loss and to diverting it towards productive tillers by applying selection pressure. Future yield advances may be achieved by selecting genotypes which tiller moderately in the vegetative phase, most of which survive to produce grains. The character association of each variety under consideration was studied for the suitability towards this objective. A modified selection procedure is suggested which may be advantageously applied to achieve this objective. The proposed new methodology may also be effectively applied to such other cereal crops as barley, triticale and oats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289980
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An efficient procedure for extraction and determination of steroids in the tissue of laboratory animals (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 796-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Steroids ; Rat tissue ; Purification by extraction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of steroids in the tissue of laboratory animals is described. A two-stage solid extraction procedure, utilizing Sep-pak C18 and graphitized carbon black, gives a purified product. Steroids in this extract were separated by multistep gradient elution with a reversedphase liquid chromatography system, using acetonitrilewater as solvent. Several columns with different geometry and phase loading were investigated. Optimum resolution was obtained with a medium covered and spherical particle. The applicability of this method was successfully demonstrated in the analysis of the testis and adrenal gland of rat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311402
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HPLC of aminoacids on silica coated with ammonium tungstophosphate (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 814-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Thin layer chromatography ; Ammonium tungstophosphate ; Aminoacids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The chromatographic behaviour of aminoacids on columns of silica coated with different percentages of ammonium tungstophosphate at several buffer phosphate concentrations is reported. The stationary phase shows a high selectivity towards aminobutyric acids and methyl derivatives of tryptophan due to the distance between the carboxylic group and the −NH 3 + group involved in the cation-exchange process and/or to the steric hindrance by a methyl substituent. A relationship between HPLC and HPTLC data has been verified and applied to the prediction of the separation of six aminoacids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311405
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Limits of determination and calibration in HPLC (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 934-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Calibration ; Confidence interval ; Limit of determination ; Limit of calibration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary In HPLC calibration the expressions lowest calibration limit and determination limit are defined in statistical terms. The lowest calibration limit is the minimum mass in the measured series of calibration points. It is calculated from the confidence interval of the inverse of the calibration function as the lowest mass limit that may be differentiated from zero mass with a preset probability of error. If the calculated lowest calibration limit is lower than the actual data, points at lower concentration may be measured. The determination limit is the smallest concentration of an analysis that is differentiated from the concentration zero or an apparent blind value in the calibration curve with a given probability of error. Using two different UV-detectors (variable wavelength and photodiode-array) the lowest calibration limit is experimentally evaluated and compared with specific data for the detectors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261474
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sub-nanogram detection of dihydroartemisinin after chemical derivatization with diacetyldihydrofluorescein followed by high-performance liquid chromatography and UV absorption (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 112-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Pre-column derivatization ; Ultraviolet detector sensitivity ; Dihydroartemisinin ; Diacetyldihydrofluorescein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The use of diacetyldihydrofluorescein (DADF) for derivatization of dihydroartemisinin (dihydroqinghaosu, DHQHS) is proposed. The reaction between DHQHS and this reagent in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) was complete in 8 hours at room temperature giving about 80 per cent theoretical yield. The derivative showed intense UV absorption, thus providing a sensitivity of 0.1 nanogram by UV detection after column separation. The influences of the ratio of the reagents, reaction temperature, chromatographic conditions and the extent of detection linearity were investigated. The reaction gave consistent results and chromatographic separation was not affected by an excess of the reagent or side products.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312884
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HPLC in photokinetics: Determination of reaction mechanism and photochemical quantum yields of (E)-1-phenylpropene (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Photokinetic data ; Reaction mechanism ; (E)-1-phenylpropene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A combined method of high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-absorption spectroscopy is described for use in dynamic systems. It provides a way of obtaining detailed mechanistic information as well as quantitative data (rate constants, quantum yields), even though neither mechanism nor photoproducts are known. The kinetic treatment of the photoreaction of (E)-1-phenylpropene was successful, showing a photo-isomerization and a parallel step. Information on this additional step is obtained by using HPLC to observe the changes in the concentrations of the reactants' selectivity. The necessity of process control is demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311813
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of particulate fatty acids as P-bromophenacyl- or phenylphenacylesters using HPLC (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Fatty acid esters ; Particulate material in seawater
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A method for the determination of fatty acids of the molecular weight range of propionic to erucic acid is reported. The acids are converted to either p-bromophenacyl-or p-phenylphenacylesters and the esters are separated by HPLC and detected by UV-absorption. Twentytwo esters, including saturated, monoolefinic and polyunsaturated ones were separated within one HPLC-run. The detection limit is about 5 pmol per fatty acid. The application of the method to particulate material is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311817
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New polymer coated anion-exchange HPLC-phases: Immobilization of poly (2-hydroxy, 3N-ethylenediamino) butadiene on silica and alumina (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 435-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Anion-exchange stationary phases ; Polymer coating ; Cross-linking
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary PHEB=POLY(2-hydroxy, 3N-ethylenediamino)butadiene has been synthesized. This unsaturated pre-polymer can be immobilized on different, preferably inorganic supports of suitable porosity such as silica or alumina by cross-linking. Weak anion-exchange phase are obtained. Such phases do not have the disadvantages of organic polymeric phases, regarding pressure stability and swelling by solvent influence. The ion-exchange capacity and the retentivity of IE-separations can deliberately be varied via the thickness of the cross-linked polymer layer. Alumina can also be coated with PHEB applying the same cross-linking procedure. Such phases exhibit an exceptional chemical stability even when operated with mobile phases at very high pH-values. Separations of excellent selectivity are achieved for inorganic anions, as well as with mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic free acids also including hydroxy- (mono- or poly)carboxylic acids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311821
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of the electrostatic interaction concept for the study of the retention behaviour of peropyrene-type polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 473-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Reversed-phase systems ; Stationary phase-solute interactions ; Polycyclic aromatics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Capacity factors of peropyrene-type polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured using 15 different liquid chromatographic reversed phase systems. On the basis of the retention data the electric interaction indices have been calculated. Application of these indices for structure-retention studies on peropyrene-type polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309413
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separation of gonadal steroid epimers using high performance liquid chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 31-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Gonadal steroids ; Epimers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Chromatographic separation of biologically active epimeric steroids was carried out using a combination of normal and reversed phases. Testosterone (17β-OH) was separated from its 17α-OH epimer epitestosterone using a normal phase silica column whereas their reduced 5α-metabolites were separated on a reversed phase system. The separation of other gonadal steroids including the epimers 20α- and 20β-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one is also discussed. The technique is particularly useful for separating mixtures of naturally occurring steroid epimers prior to radioimmunoassay.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310414
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separation of chlorophylls and their degradation products in marine phytoplankton by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 26-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Ammonium acetate buffer eluent ; Chlorophylls and degradation products ; Marine phytoplankton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary An RP-HPLC procedure which separates chlorophylls and their degradation products is described. By employing an amonium acetate buffered mobile phase and a linear gradient elution, complex mixtures of chloroand phaeopigments are separated in less than 30 minutes. The method has been applied to the control of chlorophyll enzymatic degradation in cultures of two algal species, and has also been successfully used in the analysis of algal xanthophylls.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310413
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reversed-phase HPLC behaviour of metal complexes with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol. A detailed study in the light of solvophobic theory (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 736-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Behaviour of metal complexes ; Solvophobic theory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The chromatographic behaviour of Cu(II), Fe(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol was studied. The experimental results were very sensitive even to less obvious operational parameters like the kind of the cation (sodium or ammonium) of the phosphate salt used as buffer. The puzzling pattern of the data obtained was interpreted in terms of the equations formulated by Horvath's ‘olvophobic” theory which correlates the capacity factors of the solutes with the surface tension of the mobile phase. A satisfactory rationalization of the data was obtained together with qualitative information on the stoichiometry and charge state of metal complexes. Useful suggestions about the direction to address the experimental work in order to obtain the best results was also obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312666
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separation of transition metal ions and preconcentration of platinum (IV) and chromium (III) on alumina-immobilized diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid by ligand exchange (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 747-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Ligand Exchange ; Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ; Transition metal ion separation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Basic alumina-bonded diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) has been utilized for the separation and preconcentration of some transition metal ions on the basis of ligand exchange. Breakthrough capacity and rate of sorption have been studied. The distribution coefficients of 16 transition metal ions have been determined in demineralized water, 0.01 M sodium citrate and in four different pH systems. On the basis of differences in Kd values some quantitative separations of metal ions have been achieved. The greater selectivity behaviour (higher Kd values) of the adsorbent for Pt(IV)and Cr(III) has been utilized for their preconcentration in the presence of other metal ions. The method has been employed for the recovery of Pt(IV) and Cr(III) from tapwater and sea-water samples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312667
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phosphotungstic acid soluble peptides from blue cheeses (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 764-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Gel permeation chromatography ; Cheese peptides ; Amino acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The nitrogen fraction from cheese, soluble in phosphotungstic acid has been analyzed by gel permeation and high performance liquid chromatography. Elution profiles of this fraction on Sephadex G-10 show that there are no peptides of molecular weight higher than 700 daltons. Six fractions have been obtained. The first one has the peptides and some amino acids. Fractions II to VI contains mostly free amino acids. Fraction I has been separated into many peaks by HPLC. Six or seven of these peaks are presumed to correspond to peptides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312670
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and performances of small bore columns packed with reversed-phase materials and their use for the evaluation of air pollutants (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 803-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Small-bore packed columns ; Air pollutants ; PAH, nitro and oxy-PAH ; Aldehydes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The preparation of small bore columns (1 mm i.d.) packed with reversed-phase materials is described. High efficiency (Hmin=2 dp), coupled with a small C term (0.005 sec) have been obtained so that high speed can be combined with sufficient resolution for the separation of complex organic mixtures. These columns have been used for the separation of air pollutants dispersed in different matrices (air, particulate matter and rain water). Practical applications include the determination of aldehydes in air and emission samples, PAHs, nitrated and oxygenated PAHs in dust sampled from the stack of an industrial emission or collected in a urban area and the analysis of organic components dissolved in rain water collected at a rural site. Specific detection of these pollutants has been achieved by connecting small bore columns to UV absorbance, voltammetric and fluorimetric detectors. Mass spectra of some specific components have been recorded using the off-line technique.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311403
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HPLC determination of the aromatic fraction of gasoline (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 825-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Gasoline ; Single-ring aromatic hydrocarbons ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary This work reports a rapid and easy procedure for the analysis of the aromatic fraction in gasoline. No sample pretreatment is required, since the gasoline is diluted in methanol and directly injected into a liquid chromatograph. A spectrophotometer detector and a spectrofluorimeter detector are used in series. The procedure has been applied to a large number of Italian and European refined gasoline samples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311407
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separation of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone on unmodified silica with reverse-phase eluents (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 109-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Normal and reverse phase ; Aldicarb ; Aldicarb sulfoxide ; Aldicarb sulfone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone were chromatographed on an octyl-silica bonded-phase column and on an unmodified silica column using acetonitrile/water mobile phases. The elution order of the analytes from the silica column was different from that using the octyl-silica bonded phase and allowed confirmation of residues of aldicarb sulfoxide in citrus nectar. Isocratic elution of the unmodified silica column allowed rapid sample throughput.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312883
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-performance ligand exchange chromatography on chiral diamine-bonded silica gel (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 118-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Ligand-exchange chromatography ; Chiral bonded phase ; Racemate resolution ; Amino acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The resolution of racemates on chiral chemically bonded silica gel by high-performance ligand-exchange chromatography is described. The stationary phase was prepared by bonding (−) trans 1,2 cyclohexanediamine to silica gel through the coupling agent 3-glycidoxypropyl silane. The resolution of several α-amino acids and of compounds of pharmaceutical interest is reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312886
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Disappearance of plastid and mitochondrial nucleoids during the formation of generative cells of higher plants revealed by fluorescence microscopy (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 141 (1987), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Fluorescence microscopy ; Maternal inheritance ; Plastid nucleoid ; Mitochondrial nucleoid ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The fate of plastid and mitochondrial nucleoids (pt and mt nucleoids) ofTriticum aestivum was followed during the reproductive organ formation using fluorescence microscopy after staining with 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). This investigation showed a drastic morphological change of pt nucleoids during the differentiation of reproductive organs from the shoot apex. Dot-shaped pt nucleoids grew into ring-shaped ones, which divided into small pieces in the monocellular pollen grain, as observed in this plant's earlier stage of leaf development. During the development of mature pollen grain from monocellular pollen grain, pt and/or mt nucleoids disappeared through the division of the male generative cell ofT. aestivum. Cytologically, this observation is direct evidence of the maternal inheritance of higher plants. Thus far, cytological evidence of this phenomenon has been found mostly by morphological criteria using electron microscopy, which admits some ambiguity. In the plants exemplified byLilium longiflorum, pt and/or mt nucleoids disappeared after the first pollen grain mitosis, which precededT. aestivum. In the plants exemplified byTrifolium repens, pt and/or mt nucleoids existed in the generative cells of the mature pollen grain. The significance of these observations was discussed in relation to the interaction between nuclear and organelle genomes during plant development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01272897
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A proposed method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in acid environments applied to gliadins of wheat grains (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; electrophoresis system ; acid polyacrylamide gel ; gliadins ; variety identification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In this paper we describe the method of wheat gliadin electrophoresis in use at RIVRO, Wageningen. It differs from other techniques mainly by the application of an alternative buffer system, making it possible to polymerise the gels in a buffered alkaline environment and to perform the run at pH 3.1 without extensive buffer changing steps. Advantages are a greater gel reproducibility and the ease of gel handling. Furthermore, a rationalised protein extraction procedure, a cheap shaking system for staining baths and a better (slower moving) tracking dye are described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730647
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vernalization of immature embryos of winter wheat genotypes (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; winter wheat ; vernalization ; cold treatment ; immature embryos ; excised embryos ; embryo culture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effect of direct vernalization of immature embryos on flowering was studied in six winter wheat genotypes. Fourteen-, 17-, and 20-day-old embryos were excised and vernalized for 0–6 weeks on synthetic medium during a conditioning period. Percent germination of embryos was high (overall 96.1%), and free from genotypic effects. Genotypes differed for flowering in response to cold treatment of excised embryos. Embryo vernalization was as effective as or more than conventional vernalization (control, seedling vernalization for 6 weeks). Seventeen-day-old embryos were the most responsive to vernalization. With a 5-week vernalization of 17-day-old embryos, the percentage of plants anthesed was higher than those from 14-and 20-day-old embryos. For 17-day-old embryos vernalized for 5 weeks, the mean number of days from culture to anthesis was less than that of 6 week vernalization, less than that of 14- and 20-day-old embryos, and less than controls.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730659
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation in high molecular weight glutenin subunits in landraces of hexaploid wheat from Afghanistan (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; hexaploid wheat landraces ; variation ; high molecular weight glutenin subunits ; Glu-A1 locus ; Glu-B1 locus ; Glu-D1 locus ; Afghanistan
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Variation for high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits is reported in Afghan hexaploid wheat landraces from different locations in the country ranging in altitude from 395 to 3170 metres. The variation appeared to be independent of the altitude and geographical location of the landraces. Studies of a number of samples from each of five sites revealed that at some sites there was allelic variation at theGlu-A1 andGlu-B1 loci coding from HMW glutenin subunits, but there was no variation at theGlu-D1 locus within and between sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730641
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors affecting haploid production in wheat using the Hordeum bulbosum system. 2. The effect of the timing of pollination (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 497-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum bulbosum ; crossability ; timing of pollination ; frequency of fertilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effect of manipulating the timing of pollination on the fertilization frequency in wheat × tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum hybridizations was investigated as a possible means of overcoming varietal incompatibility in this cross. Pre- and post-anthesis pollinations were made on previously identified highly crossable and poorly crossable wheat genotypes and the stage of development of the individual florets at pollination was expressed in ‘days from anthesis’ units. In both crossable and non-crossable wheat genotypes, a significant negative linear relationship was observed between floret age and fertilization frequency. The magnitude of the response of early pollination was dependent on the number of alleles for non-crossability present at the Kr loci. The non-crossable cultivar Highbury, possessing more than one allele for incompatibility, showed a slight response. The greatest response was shown by the highly crossable cultivar Chinese Spring, possessing alleles for crossability at all Kr loci. The single chromosome substitution line, Chinese Spring (Hope 5B), possessing the most potent allele for non-crossability, Kr 1, showed an intermediate response. The H. bulbosum genotype had no effect on the magnitude of this response, influencing only the mean fertilization frequency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041493
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors affecting haploid production in wheat using the Hordeum bulbosum system. 1. Genotypic and environmental effects on pollen grain germination, pollen tube growth and the frequency of fertilization (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 483-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum bulbosum ; pollen grain germination ; pollen tube growth ; frequency of fertilization ; gibberellic acid ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A quantitative examination of pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth within the overy wall was made in selected wheat × tetraploid H. bulbosum hybridizations, to investigate the effect of the wheat and the H. bulbosum genotype on these characters. As expected, variation at the known crossability loci had no effect on pollen grain germination. The frequency of pollen tube penetration of the ovary wall was, however, severely reduced when the dominant alleles were present. Pollen tube penetration was nevertheless observed in 3 of the 110 ovaries examined of the non-crossable cultivar Highbury. The H. bulbosum genotype had a much smaller effect on these characters, but significant differences between the clones were observed in the numbers of pollen tubes initially penetrating the ovary wall. Although two H. bulbosum genotypes showed no significant differences in the number of ovaries with pollen tubes at the base of the ovule, significant differences in the frequency of fertilization were observed. The possible cause of this discrepancy is discussed. The frequency of fertilization in crossable wheat × H. bulbosum hybridizations was improved by the application of gibberellic acid within 10 minutes of pollination, and reduced by an increase in the ambient temperature from 20°C to 26°C. Fertilization following the pollination of non-crossable wheat genotypes was not affected by either of these factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041492
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors affecting haploid production in wheat using the Hordeum bulbosum system. 3. Post-fertilization effects on embryo survival (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 763-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum bulbosum ; frequency of fertilization ; seed set ; seed survival ; gibberellic acid ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary An investigation was made of factors affecting the frequency of development of fertilized ovules following wheat x Hordeum bulbosum hybridizations. Seed survival, a term used here to represent the relationship between seed set and fertilization, was shown to vary between the wheat genotypes tested, but was unrelated to the crossability genes present within the wheat genotype. A high seed survival was obtained in crosses involving the variety TH3929 and the single chromosome substitution line, Chinese Spring (Hope 5B). Chinese Spring showed a poor seed survival. Some influence of the H. bulbosum genotype on seed survival was detected. The two environmental factors studied, namely the post-pollination application of gibberellic acid and the ambient temperature, were both shown to affect seed survival. The application of gibberellic acid immediately after pollination or 1 and 2 days after pollination improved seed survival, although the extent of the response was dependent upon the number and timing of the application(s). A genotype-dependent response to the ambient temperature was observed, TH3929 showing a slight but insignificant reduction and Chinese Spring a significant improvement in seed survival with an increase in temperature from 20°C to 26°C. The physiological processes which may be influenced by GA and the ambient temperature and may thereby affect seed survival are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051859
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Honeycomb selection for yield in early generations of spring wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 831-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; honeycomb selection ; breeding methodology ; selection intensity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effectiveness of the honeycomb selection method for yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was evaluated using progenies from two wheat crosses, Glenlea x NB131 and Glenlea x Era. Honeycomb selection was carried out in the F2 and F3 generations, grown at the University of Manitoba in the summers of 1980 and 1981, respectively. In both generations, divergent selection was made for both high and low yield. Plants selected in the F3 generation were entered in an F4 yield test in the summer of 1982. Results of the experiment showed that honeycomb selection for yield in the F2 and F3 generations was effective in identifying parents of high- and low-yielding lines. F3 plants from highyielding F2 selections gave higher yields than those from low-yielding F2 selections by 11.5% and 13.0% for Glenlea x NB131 and Glenlea x Era crosses, respectively. The F4 yield test showed that high yielding selections from both crosses significantly outyielded by 8.9% low yielding selections and by 14.4% the unselected composite lines. It is concluded that the honeycomb selection method can be used for early generation selection in spring wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051867
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A test for linkage between Sr6 and Ra in wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; auricle color ; compact head ; stem rust resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Previous evidence suggested that the gene for red auricle (Ra) might be linked to the gene Sr6 for stem rust resistance on chromosome 2D. However, tests indicated that Ra is not linked to either Sr6 or C, which is also on 2D.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730667
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Histological studies on the infection of triticale, wheat and rye byPuccinia recondita f.sp.tritici andP. recondita f.sp.recondita (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; breadwheat ; T. durum ; durum wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; Triticosecale ; triticale ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; histology ; hypersensitive resistance ; nonhost resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The reaction of eight triticales and of the respective wheat and rye parental lines to infection by the leaf rust fungi of wheat and rye were studied in the seedling stage. The histological observations indicated that wheat and triticale showed a typical nonhost reaction to the leaf rust of rye: sporelings of this fungus were arrested after the formation of primary infection hyphae and before the formation of extensively branched mycelium, mostly without necrosis of plant cells. The rye inbred lines were all susceptible to the rye leaf rust. The reaction of wheat and triticales to the wheat leaf rust was susceptible or resistant. The reaction of resistant lines could be early or late and complete or incomplete, but was associated with substantial necrosis of plant cells, and therefore entirely different from the nonhost reaction to rye leaf rust. In their reaction to wheat leaf rust the rye lines were similar to the resistant wheat and triticale lines. They did not show an important degree of nonhypersensitive early abortion as would be expected in a nonhost species. It appeared that genes for hypersensitive resistance in triticale may be contributed by either the wheat or the rye parental line. A screening of sixty wheat, rye and triticale lines confirmed the nonhost status of wheat and triticale to rye leaf rust and the hypersensitive or moderately susceptible reaction of rye to wheat leaf rust.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730674
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crossability percentages of some 1400 bread wheat varieties and lines with rye (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 299-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; crossability ; crossability percentages
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Two lists are provided: List 1 contains the percentages of crossability with rye of some 1400 varieties and lines of bread wheat; List 2 contains varieties having a high crossability with rye. It is believed that the publication of these data will be helpful to those wishing to cross bread varieties with rye and other species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730677
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long term plant regeneratin from callus cultures of haploid wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 11 (1987), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; callus induction ; plant regeneration ; somatic embryogenesis ; organogenesis ; inflorescence culture ; haploid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Callus cultures were initiated from young inforescences of 7 haploid pollen plants of wheat. The calli from 3 plants were embryogenic and organogenic. After one and a half years of subculture one callus cultures still retained the ability for high frequency of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and sometimes directly differentiated ovary-like structures. All regenerated plants were haploid having 21 chromosomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040427
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosomal location of dwarfing gene Rht12 in wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; plant height ; dwarfing gene ; Rht 12 ; F2 monosomic analysis ; chromosomal location
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The chromosomal location of the dwarfing gene Rht12 in the mutant winter wheat Karcagi 522M7K was investigated using F2 monosomic analysis. The segregation ratio for F2 progenies of Chinese Spring monosomics × Karcagi 522M7K, and that of Cheyenne monosomics × Karcagi 522M7K indicated that the near complete dominant dwarfing gene Rht12 is located on chromosome 5A. The heterozygous and hemizygous states of the genes Rht12 have the same effect on plant height.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041496
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sources of resistance to Mayetiola Destructor in breadwheat and durum wheat in Morocco (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 591-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; breadwheat ; Triticum turgidum ; durum wheat ; Mayetiola destructor ; Hessian fly ; leaf pubescence ; resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Grain yield reductions of both breadwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) caused by attacks of Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) are second perhaps only to those caused by inadequate soil moisture in Morocco. To identify effective sources of resistance, 817 entries of common wheat and durum wheat reported to be resistant to Hessian fly were evaluated under natural infestations in Morocco. A large number of genes conferring virulence are present in populations of Moroccan Mayetiola. The genes H1, H2, H3, h4, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H14, H15, and H16 as well as the ‘Marquillo’, ‘Kawvale’ and PI 94587 resistance sources are not useful for cereal improvement in North Africa. ‘Luso’, which has the gene H12, also appeared susceptible in limited testing. Genotypes having the genes H5 and H13 were identified as significantly reducing larval survial in natural populations of Mayetiola. Of 11 resistant breadwheats identified with unknown genes, seven were from Portugal and three were from the Soviet Union. Although none of the durums tested had high levels of reistance, the two most promising durums were from Portugal. It is proposed that initially H5 be deployed in durum wheats and H13 be used in common wheat improvement. Leaf pubescence appears of little use in reducing the larval survival of Mayetiola.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041508
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The importance of abortive stoma penetration in the partial resistance and nonhost reaction of adult barley and wheat plants to leaf rust fungi (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 725-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; breadwheat ; Puccinia hordei ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; leaf rust ; partial resistance ; nonhost resistance ; adult plant ; stoma penetration ; stomatal exclusion ; histology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Early stages of the infection process of Puccinia hordei isolate 1.2.1 and of a P. recondita f.sp. tritici isolate were studied on adult plants of four barley lines and one wheat line. Two of the barley lines are extremely susceptible to P. hordei, the other two have a very high level of partial resistance. A histological study based on a trypan blue staining indicated that stoma penetration by P. hordei isolate 1.2.1 was equally successful on the susceptible as on the partially resistant adult barley plants. Abortion of substomatal vesicles was rare in all lines. These results do not support a hypothesis that mechanisms of partial resistance in adult plants differ from those in seedlings by a substantial abortive stoma penetration. Also in the nonhost combinations wheat-P. hordei and barley-P. recondita f.sp. tritici inhibition of stoma penetration and of substomatal vesicle development appears to play a biologically insignificant role in adult plants. The proportion of stoma penetration on the leaf sheaths of two of the barley lines was as high as on the leaf blades of the flag leaf and the leaf below the flag leaf. There was no evidence for stomatal exclusion as a crucial factor in the relatively low infectibility of leaf sheaths to leaf-blade specialized rust species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051855
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrophoretic variation among and within strains of ‘kharkof’ wheat maintained at 11 locations (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 815-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; regional nurseries ; natural selection ; genetic drift ; gliadin polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Kharkof was introduced to the United States at the turn of the century and has been included as the long-term check for the Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries since 1930. Seed of Kharkof is typically maintained at each site at which the nurseries are grown. We obtained samples of Kharkof from 10 sites and the USDA Small Grains Collection in Beltsville, MD. Up to 54 individual kernels per strain were ground and evaluated for gliadin electrophoretic patterns. Strains from Beltsville, MD and Aberdeen, ID were completely uniform for gliadin patterns; they differed from each other and from all other strains. Seven strains were highly polymorphic, with 7 to 14 gliadin patterns occurring in each. However, there were large differences in pattern frequencies among strains, with the Ft. Collins, CO and Columbia, MO strains at one extreme, the Manhattan, KS and Lincoln, NE strains at the other, and the St. Paul, MN; York, NE; and Clovis, NM strains intermediate. Strains from Dallas and Chillicothe, TX were completely uniform for a pattern that also occurred in all of the polymorphic strains. The two Texas strains also had esterase and β-amylase isoelectric focusing patterns different from the others, and the Beltsville strain had a different β-amylase pattern. We concluded that the strains from Beltsville and Aberdeen were not Kharkof, that the Texas strains were derived from a single-plant selection out of Kharkof, and that the remaining strans have diverged through natural selection possibly operating in conjunction with genetic drift, outcrossing, and seed mixtures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051865
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increase in grain protein percentage in high-yielding common wheat breeding lines by genes from wild tetraploid wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; T. turgidum var. dicoccoides ; wild emmer ; nitrogen economy ; grain protein yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Forty-one breeding lines of common wheat, derived from crosses between the Israeli cultivars Miriam and Lakhish and high-protein lines of wild tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides, were tested for various protein and yield parameters in field trials, under typical agronomic conditions. All lines had a higher grain protein percentage (GPP) than the leading Israeli cultivar Deganit, which was grown as a control. Grain yield (GY) ranged in the breeding lines from a low of 2.44 t/ha to as high as that of Deganit (6.95 t/ha). Despite the weak negative correlation between GPP and GY, several lines excelled both in GPP and in GY. The grain protein yield (GPY) of some of these selected breeding lines was higher than that of Deganit; e.g., 1.19 t/ha in the best line vs. 1.02 t/ha in Deganit. The 16.7% increase in GPY in this line reflected a more efficient utilization of nitrogen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041478
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relevance of randomizing host genotypes of wheat that are tested for leaf rust resistance in race nurseries (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita f. sp.tritici ; leaf rust ; partial resistance ; race nursery ; hostpathogen interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Ten wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici) race nurseries were planted in 1984. In five, each with a different race, no randomization of the 20 wheat genotypes was carried out. The remaining five race nurseries, also each with one of the same five races, were completely randomized. Comparison of the wheat genotype assesments was done using three procedures: i) Correlating (Pearson's and Spearman's r) the leaf area affected of the twenty wheat genotypes in the randomized and the non-randomized nurseries; ii) comparing the best five wheat genotypes in each race nursery; iii) comparing the Wi-indeces of wheat genotypes in the randomized and non-randomized nurseries. All three procedures showed excellent agreement between the randomized and the non-randomized nurseries . The use of a spreader row was most likely the reason for the large similarity. The consequence is that randomization is not sufficiently relevant to justify the increase in risk of mistakes and the extra administration needed. The host genotype-pathogen race interaction was significant and rather large. All but two genotype-race combinations showed a susceptible infection type, which indicates that partial resistance of wheat to wheat leaf rust caused the major part of this interaction. The results which suggest a gene-for-gene relationship, support the \lsintegrated concept\rs of Parlevliet and Zadoks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730672
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Induced mutagenesis for the development of multiline cultivars in bread wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici ; stem rust ; Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici ; leaf rust ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; races ; induced mutations ; multiline ; resistance breeding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Variation for resistance toPuccinia graminis f.sp.tritici, P. recondita f.sp.tritici andP. striiformis was induced in theTriticum aestivum cultivar Lalbahadur using nitrosomethyl urea. Variations were isolated from the M2 population in the post-seedling stage in the field when infected with a mixture of races of each of the three rusts. Plants exhibiting simultaneous resistance to stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust were indentified. Repeated screening in the subsequent generations confirmed the resistance of the mutant lines that are morphologically similar to the parental cultivar. The rust resistance of 20 mutant lines was also confirmed at the seedling stage using individual races of stem rust and leaf rust. The different patterns observed in the mutant lines tested against a wide range of races show that these lines can be used as components of a multiline. The patterns of variation compared with those of the known genes for resistance against the Indian races of the pathogens suggest that the mutations for rust resistance are due to factor different from those already known in bread wheat, providing a broadened genetic base for future breeding programmes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730646
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The bread wheat races of bunt represented in the Australian bunt collection (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 577-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Tilletia laevis ; Tilletia tritici ; common bunt ; physiologic races ; resistance ; Bt genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The Australian Bunt Collection, obtained from infected crops between 1962–1977, has been classified into races, based on the differential reactions to ten known bunt resistant genes. Eight physiologic races of Tilletia laevis and three of T. tritici were identified. No race had virulence against the genes Bt3, Bt5, Bt8, or Bt10, of wheat. Consequently four major genes are available for breeding Australian wheat cultivars with resistance to common bunt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041505
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of fat soluble vitamin separation in reversed-phase microcolumn liquid chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Microbore capillary columns ; Polymer based octadecylsilica bonded phase ; Fat soluble vitamins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Separation behavior of fat soluble vitamins on various chemically bonded materials in non-aqueous reversedphases microcolumn liquid chromatography has been investigated. The best performance was found on a polymer-based octadecyl bonded phase. Optimization of separation for vitamins D2, D3, E and E acetate has been tried using this polymer-based column and it has been found that a binary mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and methanol gave complete separation of fat soluble vitamins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02316175
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparative study of large volume injection techniques for microbore columns in HPLC (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 331-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Microbore columns ; Injection techniques
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary This paper focuses attention on the potentially larger signal-to-noise ratios produced by microbore columns in comparison with conventional columns. The increased chromatographic signals by the application of microbore columns are due to the lower chromatographic dilution of elution profiles which are proportional to the square of the column inner radius. Generally less than 1μl sample should be injected into microbore systems to obtain the full benefit of the column performance. However, since more sample can be loaded on conventional columns compared to microbore columns the advantage of improved signal-to-noise ratio can only be realised in situations where very little sample is available. To inject more than 1μl sample, at the same time avoiding extra band-broadening effects, suitable injection techniques must be available. In this study three injection methods for microbore systems that meet this condition, are studied and compared.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02316178
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-performance liquid chromatography using a color-forming agent as a component of the mobile phase. Separation and determination of nickel and zinc wity xylenol orange (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Anion-exchange chromatography ; Xylenol orange ; Separation of nickel and zinc
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A liquid chromatographic procedure for separating nickel and zinc has been developed. Xylenol orange, which is one of the sensitive and commercially available color-forming agents, was used as a component of the mobile phase. The two ions could be separated on weak anion-exchange gels within 10 min. The procedure was suitable for the determination of nickel and zinc in relatively pure solutions with fairly high sensitivity. The described liquid chromatographic analysis would be also potentially applicable for any aqueous sample containing trace levels of metal cations at 1–10 ppm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02316182
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of oligosaccharides (DP1-DP8) in samples with high content of salt and organic matter by reversed phase HPLC (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 557-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Oligosaccharides ; Interference by salts ; Complex biological samples ; Enzymatic assays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A method is described for the determination of oligosaccharides in samples of high salt content by RP-HPLC with water as eluent and refractive index detection. The samples, mussel processing wastes which are used as media for microfungus and yeast cultures and hence for enzymatic assays (amilolitic capacity) of these microorganisms that develop within the wastes, have been treated with ethanol to precipitate the macromolecular organic matter and desalted by a modified mixed bed resin before chromatographic analysis is carried out.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324863
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Group-type separation and determination of phenolic compounds in coal-derived products by HPLC (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 579-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Backflush technique ; Coal-derived procucts ; Separation of phenolic compounds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A rapid method was developed for the direct extraction of phenolic compounds from coal-derived products and subsequent isocratic HPLC analysis in a reversed-phase system by using the backflush technique.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324868
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-performance liquid chromatography using a color-forming agent as a mobile phase component. Separation of alkaline-earth-metal cations with arsenazo III and a non-porous gel column (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 583-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Non-porous gel ; Alkaline-earth cations ; Arsenazo III
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A liquid chromatographic procedure for separating alkaline-earth-metal cations with a non-porous gel column has been developed. Arsenazo III, which is one of the sensitive and commercially available color-forming agents, was used as a component of the mobile phase. Magnesium and calcium could be separated on the nonporous gel column within 55 seconds. The procedure was suitable for the separation of alkaline-earth-metal cations in relatively pure solutions with high sensitivity. Because of its rapidity the described procedure is also potentially applicable for any aqueous sample.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324869
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-performance liquid chromatography of biphenols and bis (hydroxyphenyl) propanes (dianes) with voltammetric and UV photometric detection (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 102-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Biphenols ; Dihydroxyphenylpropanes ; Voltammetric detection ; UV photometric detection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The retention behaviour of mono- and dihydroxy derivatives of biphenol and bis(hydroxyphenyl)propanes was studied on chemically bonded C-18, CN-, phenyl, phenoxypropyl- and NH2 stationary phases and on silica gel. The effects of the mobile phase, i.e., of the methanol content, the ionic strength, pH and the contents of cationic and anionic ion-pairing agents on the retention data were investigated. In the reversed-phase systems, all the substances are satisfactorily separated except for 3- and 4-hydroxybiphenyl; these isomers can be separated on silica gel, using a mixture of heptane and propanol as the mobile phase. Sodium dodecylsulphate, present at concentrations higher than the critical micelle concentration (about 10−2 M, depending on the methanol content), causes a decrease in the retention times and an improvement in the separation. UV absorption spectra, calibration curves and the detection limit values were obtained at two wavelengths and at various salt concentrations in the mobile phase. Hydrodynamic voltammograms of the solutes were measured in a carbon fibre detector and the calibration curves and detection limit values were measured at the optimal voltage (+1.2 V/Ag/AgCl) as a function of the mobile phase composition. For most test substances voltammetric detection is two to three times more sensitive than UV detection. The combination of a UV and a voltammetric detector in series has been utilized to identify the products of microbial degradation of biphenyl.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312882
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reversed-phase ion-pair systems to predict partition coefficients of β-carbolines by HPLC and TLC (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 713-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Thin-layer chromatography ; Ion pairing system ; Log P prediction ; Group contributions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A group of 17 β-carbolines was studied in HPLC and TLC systems in order to predict their partition coefficients (log P values). On account of the basic or acid character of some of these compounds, an ion pairing system gave the best results. Both HPLC and TLC data were comparable for log P prediction but severe pH conditions required the use of TLC plates. Retention data are quantitatively related to lipophilicity (expressed as the Hansch constant) and polarity (as the inductive constant) of the solute molecule.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312661
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chitosan-coated silica gel as a new support in high-performance liquid chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 731-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Chitosan-coated silica gel ; Nucleotides ; Amino acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A new stationary phase was prepared by immobilizing the chitosan, a natural hydrophilic polymer, on microparticolate silica gel. The effect of the polarity, pH and ionic strength of the mobile phase has been studied in order to find optimal conditions for the separation of nucleotides and aminoacids. The influence of the properties of the mobile phase on the retention was examined, allowing to employ the chitosan-coated silica gel both to anion exchange and adsorption, depending on the pH and the polarity of the eluent used.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312665
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Qualitative description of dispersive and inductive electrostatic interactions in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 752-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Reversed-phase systems ; Phases-solute interactions ; Molecular polarizability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Variations in the electrostatic interaction have been studied using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as standard compounds and different reversed-phase HPLC systems. Various methanol-water and acetonitrile-water binary mixtures were applied as the mobile phase. The stationary phases investigated consist of octadecylsilica and arenyl-silica. Using polarizability, dipole moment and ionization potential values of the solutes and mobile phase components as molecular descriptors an electrostatic interaction model is proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312668
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ligand exchange separation of amines on copper (II) sorbed on zinc silicate (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Paper chromatrography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Copper-impregnated zinc silicate ; Separation of amines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Papers impregnated with Cu(II) sorbed on zinc silicate have been used to study the ligand exchange chromatographic behavior of amines. RF values of 16 amines have been studied in 6 different systems. On the basis of differences in RF values various analytically important qualitative separations of amines on impregnated papers and quantitative separations on columns of copper(II) sorbed on zinc silicate have been achieved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312880
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of octadecyl-bonded silica and styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer sorbents for trace enrichment purposes fundamental aspects II. Linear chromatographic behaviour of the extracting supports (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Linear isotherms ; Octadecyl bonded silica ; Styrene divinylbenzene ; Frontal analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Two reversed-phase LC systems were investigated by frontal analysis for the determination of linear chromatographic conditions, as defined according to the isotherm concept. The Partisil ODS-3 bonded silica and the PRP-1 polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin were used as stationary phases together withtrans-2-hexen-al as test solute and methanol-water mixtures as mobile phases. Particular attention was paid to the respective influence of the two main parameters which may cause sorbent overloading, that is, the capacity factor (k′) and the solute concentration in the mobile phase (Cm). Provided that k′Cm≤10−2 M, linear chromatographic behaviour was observed for both sorbents, the maximum capacities of which were found greater than 1mmolg−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311473
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of the band broadening contribution of HPLC equipment to column elution profiles (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Instrument bandbroadening by extrapolation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Methods to determine the contribution of the chromatographic equipment to the total band broadening which involve replacing the column by a union or a capillary tube are not suitable as they involve a fundamental change in the chromatographic system. The linear extrapolation method, based on the estimation of the relative influence of the instrument variance on solutes with different capacity factors, is a more attractive alternative method since the column remains in the chromatographic system. This method is only valid when a number of conditions are satisfied. By meeting these conditions the error in the instrument variance by using the linear extrapolation method was determined. At the same time, ways to minimise these errors were studied. Use of the linear extrapolation method in combination with conventional columns of 4.6 mm i.d. appears to yield inaccurate results. In combination with microbore columns the method can be used, provided the columns have a maximum length of 5cm and contain a packing material with a particle size of 2 or 3μm. The error in the determined instrument variance is then of the order of 2μl2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311478
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Non-aqueous reverse-phase HPLC analysis of triglycerides (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Review of triglyceride analysis ; Column temperature gradients ; Combined LC and other techniques
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The present review cites 54 papers dealing with reversephase HPLC analysis of triglycerides. The objective of the review was not merely to list the main contributions made in recent years but also to present a discussion of those papers representing qualitative advances and improvements helping to obviate the difficulties associated with this type of analysis. The use of mobile phase polarity and column temperature gradients and the combination of HPLC with other analytical methods such as mass spectrometry or GLC analysis of fatty acids are examples of such contributions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311483
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatographic packings made by solide phase synthesis (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 254-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Synthesis of stationary phases ; Influence of surface pH ; Influence of temperature, concentration and reaction ; time
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A new way to produce liquid chromatographic stationary phases is suggested. The method is based upon a solide-phase reaction between the silica surface and the adsorbed silane molecules. The role of surface pH is demonstrated. The influence of other reaction conditions (concentration of the silane solution, effect of temperature and reaction time) is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311774
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation of chiral stationary phase via activated carbamate intermediate for liquid chromatographic optical resolution (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 727-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Chiral stationary phases ; Succinimido carbamate intermediates ; Amino acid enantiomers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for liquid chromatography were prepared by the way of an activated carbamate intermediate. The amino group of aminopropylsilyl silica gel was first activated by carbamylation with disuccinimido carbonate (DSC). The obtained activated carbamate silica gel (ACsil) proved useful as an intermediate for the preparation of urea-type CSPs. The reaction of ACsil with (S)- of (R)-1-(α-naphthyl)-ethylamine gave naphthylethylurea type CSPs. These CSPs were also obtained directly from aminopropylsilyl silica gel by its reaction with optically active (S)- or (R)-succinimido 1-(α-naphthyl)ethyl carbamate (SINEC). Several phenylthiohydantoin amino acid enantiomers and p-bromophenylcarbamyl amino acid enantiomers were resolved on the CSPs by elution with aqueous mobile phase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312664
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of the concentration of silanol groups by a chemical reaction with methyllithium and GC measurements of evolved methane (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 767-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Bonded silica ; Residual silanol groups
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Silanol groups of chromatographic material surfaces were determined by chemical reaction with methyl-lithium. Evolved methane was measured by a gas chromatographic method using a column packed with molecular sieves. This chromatographic technique leads to very reproducible results, particularly for the control of the hydroxylation of a silica gel and for the analysis of residual groups at the surface of bonded silica.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312671
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of low boiling aldehydes in air and exhaust gases by using annular denuders combined with HPLC techniques (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 829-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Aldehydes ; Annular denuder ; Environmental analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary An improved procedure for the HPLC determination of C1−C3 aldehydes in environmental samples is described. These air pollutants are quantitatively collected on annular denuders coated with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine and analyzed as hydrazone derivatives by HPLC with UV absorbance and voltammetric detection. Collection efficiencies of aldehydes are reported and compared with other available methods. Practical examples of the application of the method are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311408
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assay for urinary estriol during the menstrual cycle based on extraction by a graphitized carbon black cartridge followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 835-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Estriol ; Urine ; Menstrual Cycle ; Column liquid chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for estriol in nonpregnancy urine is described. After Enzymic hydrolysis, the estriol is extracted from urine by the sorbent trap technique utilizing graphitized carbon black (Carbopack B). After some washing steps, estriol is desorbed by a suitable solvent system. After solvent removal, the sample is injected into an HPLC column for estriol quantification. Analytical recovery of estriol was 96.1%. The precision of the method was 2.6 and 4.9% respectively at 145 and 10.6ng/ml of urine. The limit of sensitivity was set at 0.8 ng/ml of urine. The mean contents of estriol in the follicular and luteal phases were respectively 11.3 and 38.8 ng/ml of urine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311409
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of column temperature, water content, polarity, and acidity of isohydric solvents on the separation of butyrophenones on silica gel (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 893-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Isohydric solvents ; Butyrophenones ; Direct-silica gel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The behaviour of butyrophenones in high performance liquid chromatography on silica gel using isohydric solvent systems has been studied. The influence of column temperature, water content, acidity and polarity of isohydric solvents on the retention, column efficiency and resolution of a series of butyrophenones have been investigated. Through the results obtained more insight has been gained into the theoretical aspects of the adsorption process on silica gel with isohydric solvent systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261467
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Large scale purification of synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotides by reversed-phase chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 909-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Reversed-phase separation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Isolation of pure material
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A reversed-phase chromatographic column suitable for the purification of chemically synthesized large oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligo-DNA) was prepared. The specifications of this column are; the selected silica (Toyo Soda silica) with large pore size (at least 150 Å) and small particle diameter (5 μm desired) should be grafted only with monochloro alkylating reagent of long alkyl chain (sufficiently C18) so that the carbon content of the resultant packing material is 15–16%. Using this column, we could isolate the targeted large oligo-DNA (up to 50mer) in a large scale (75 μg per one cycle) from the impurities in the reaction mixture formed during the automated synthesis by the phosphite method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261470
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A critical review of some liquid chromatography systems for the separation of sugars (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 292-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Separation of sugars ; Review
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary This contribution to the problems of carbohydrate (sugar) column liquid chromatography, evaluates several currently used systems (reversed phase octadecylated silica gel, amino modified silica gel, cation exchangers on polystyrene and on silica gel basis, polyol derivatised silica gel and anion exchange systems). The elution pattern, analysis time, column efficiency and column life time expectancy are considered to be the important points for this comparison. The application of silica gel-based cation exchanger and of polyol derivatised silica gel is new to this field. The comparison and/or evaluation tries to be critical and to come to a conclusion for the choice of a recommended system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311783
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liquid chromatographic determination of dimethadione and trimethadione in human serum on octadecyl treated microporous glass columns (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 325-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Packings of octadecylated microporous glass ; Dimethadione and trimethadione in serum ; Pancreatic stones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The liquid chromatographic determination of trimethadione (TMO) and its methabolite, dimethadione (DMO) were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on octadecyl-modified microporous glasses, prepared with toluene solution containing octadecyl-dimethylchlorosilane, using two types of microporous glass with various mean pore diameters and/or specific surface areas. Using acetonitrile-water mixtures as eluents, TMO and DMO in human serum were separated on the glasses studied, but with different degrees of resolution. In this present study, we report the development of a rapid and selective HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of TMO and DMO in human serum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02316176
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of some commercial poly (styrene-divinylbenzene) copolymers for reversed-phase HPLC1 (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Cross-linked polystyrene ; Characterization of surfaces
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The properties of the poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) copolymers PRP-1 and PLRP-S have been studied by infrared spectroscopy and chromatographic techniques. The following results were obtained: PRP-1 and PLRP-S are spectroscopically very similar. Their surfaces are chemically neither homogeneous nor stable during use. Retained nonpolar solutes should be eluted with a mobile phase containing tetrahydrofuran. Uncharged acids and anions can be chromatographed without difficulty. Cations of amines should be chromatographed only with a mobile phase of low pH. Uncharged amino-alcohols cannot be chromatographed without the addition of a competitor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02316180
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation of silanized silica with high ligand density. The effect of silane structure (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 442-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Chemically bonded phases ; Kinetics of silanization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A wide-pore silica for HPLC with a particle size of 7.5 μm, specific surface area of 360m2/g, pore diameter of 20 nm and pore volume of 2.1 cm3/g was silanized with n-octadecyldimethyl-chlorosilane (ODMCS), n-octadecyldimethylmetoxysilane (ODMMS) and n-octadecyldimethyl-dimethylaminosilane (ODMAS), in sealed glass ampoules. The ligand density obtained with an excess of ODMCS and ODMMS was found to be limited by reaction equilibrium; at low (〈50%) conversion of the surface silanols, the reaction displays pseudo-first-order kinetics. Silanization with ODMAS, which seems to be sterically controlled at higher conversions, yields a relatively high concentration of bonded octadecyl ligands (4.24μmol/m2).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311822
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HPLC on pentalfuoroanilinopropyl silica gel (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 684-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Pentafluoroanilinopropyl silica gel ; Donor-acceptor complexes ; Aromatic hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The preparation of a new pentafluoroanilino-phase for HPLC is described. The retention times (tr) of about twenty aromatic hydrocarbons have been determinated. It has been shown that the aromatics were eluted according to the number of rings. The influence of water content in the mobile phase is commented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311500
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HPLC determination of thiol drugs in pharmaceutical formulations using ethacrynic acid as a precolumn ultraviolet derivatization reagent (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 680-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Thiol drug analysis ; Derivatization by ethacrynic acid ; Pharmaceutical formulations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of aliphatic thiol drugs, such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine, captopril and mercaptopropionylglycine in pharmaceutical formulations. The procedure involves a precolumn derivatization of the thiol drug with ethacrynic acid followed by reversedphase HPLC separation and UV detection. The conditions for a rapid and selective reaction of the thiols with ethacrynic acid have been investigated. The method proved to be suitable for a reliable and selective quality control of commercial dosage forms of the examined thiol drugs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311499
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Trace analysis of sugars by HPLC and post-column derivatization (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 657-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Post-column derivatization ; Sugar analysis ; Wine characterization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A HPLC system with post-column derivatization for the quantitative analysis of sugars in complex matrices is described. As reagent a 0.2% solution of thymol in concentrated sulfuric acid has been used. The reaction is sensitive with reducing as well as non reducing sugars whereas sugar alcohols are discriminated. With this reagent and separation of sugars at high pH values with an anion exchange column it is possible to detect sugars in the ng range. Hence, it is possible to characterize wines not only by their fructose and glucose content but also by differences in the distribution of the other not fermentable sugars like trehalose, arabinose, galacturonic and glucuronic acid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311495
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On-column catalysis of hydratization equilibria during liquid chromatographic analysis of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 709-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Polymer-based support ; Aldehydes ; Fluorescence detection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The aldehydes were separated by reversed phase chromatography on a polymer-based support. Acid catalysis on the column was needed to obtain sufficiently fast equilibrium between acetaldehyde and its hydrate. Deuterium labeled acetaldehyde (D3) yielded complete separation from the nonlabeled compound, probably due to a difference in hydratization. Fluorescent products were obtained by reaction between the aldehydes and a mixture of ammonia and dimedone (5.5-dimethyl-1.3-cyclohexanedione). The fluorescence was detected at 460 nm after excitation at 390 nm. A reaction time of 42 seconds at 90°C in a knitted teflon capillary produced detection limits of 0.5 and 1 ng for acetaldehyde and formeldehyde, respectively. A method for preparation of a stable reagent with low background fluorescence is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312660
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of reducing agents on the determination of thiolic compounds in the presence of their disulfides using bimane pre-column derivatization (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 717-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Thiols and disulfides ; Fluorescence derivatization ; Monobromobimane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The influence of reducing agents (sodium borohydride, tributylphosphine, dithioerythritol and dithiothreitol) on the conversion of disulfides into their parent thiols, with specific application to cysteine was investigated. Dithioerythritol and dithiothreitol were found to be most suitable for this reaction. A contact time of one hour at room temperature provided quantitative reduction as tested using cystine as a pure disulfide standard. A modified fluorescence labelling procedure with monobromobimane followed by reversed-phase HPLC allows quantitation of the parent thiol and the disulfide content when completing the labelling reaction with and without preliminary treatment with reducing agent. The effects of various bimane reducing agent ratios on the yield of the reaction are discussed. Precautions should be taken when dealing with complex matrices with respect to reagent concentrations and ratios.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312662
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activated carbamate reagent as chiral derivatizing agent for liquid chromatographic optical resolution of enantiomeric amino compounds (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 899-902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Chrial separations ; Succinimido carbamate derivatives ; Propranolol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A chiral derivatization reagent having activated succinimido carbamate moieties were developed for the optical resolution of enantiomeric amines by high-performance liquid chromatography. Succinimido R-(+)- or S-(−)-1-phenylethyl and R-(+)- or S-(−)-1-(α-naphthyl)-ethyl carbamates were synthesized by the reaction of optically active phenylethyl and naphthylethyl amines with discuccinimido carbonate (DSC). These reagents reacted with both primary and secondary amine enantiomers such as amino acids and β-amino alcohols to give the corresponding diastereomeric urea derivatives. These diastereomers were efficiently separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detected by their absorption or the fluorescence of the chromophores. The chiral derivatization procedure was applied to the separation and determination of enantiomeric propranolol in serum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261468
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of the separation of polymethoxylated flavones in reversed phase liquid chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Reversed phase operation ; Calculation of optimum solvent composition ; Polymethoxylated flavones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary An optimization procedure for the chromatographic separation of polymethoxylated flavones is described. A polyhedron working volume is drawn from a truncated tetrahedron constructed from the four solvents selected. The response function is an n'th degree polynomial the coefficients of which are calculated through the least squares method by means of B=(X′X)−1X′Y in which X′X is the information matrix (X′X)−1 the variance covariance matrix. X is the matrix of the model (polynomial built from the selected experiments) and X′ the transposed matrix. Y is the quality of the chromatogram defined by the resolution of each pair of solutes. An exchange algorithm matrix yields the minimum number of runs necessary to obtain a correct B. Isoresponses curves are drawn by intersection of a cubic volume which includes the polyhedron to give a better insight. An optimal zone is then determined and provides the solvent composition. An optimized chromatogram of 8 methoxylated flavones demonstrates the application of the method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310411
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatographic determination of lactulose (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Thin-layer chromatography ; Analysis of lactulose in carbohydrate mixtures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Lactulose is a disaccharide with important implications in medicine, nutrition and dairy technology. It has to be determined usually as a minor component in complex matrices containing many other sugars. This paper describes the different chromatographic techniques (planar, liquid and gas chromatography) which have been proposed for the separation and quantification of lactulose in mixtures with other carbohydrates; the advantages of each technique are compared and some features where more research is necessary are outlined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312889
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A study of the liquid chromatography of some fungicidally active arylsulphonohydrazides (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 328-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Arylsulphonohydrazides ; On-column hydrolysis ; Fungicides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A number of fungicidally active arylsulphonohydrazides are examined by normal- and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Although good separations are achieved by reversed-phase LC, difficulties are encountered due to analyte hydrolysis. On the other hand, satisfactory analyses are possible by normal-phase LC particularly on modified silicas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02316177
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid extraction of codeine and morphine in whole blood for HPLC analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 377-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Solid phase extraction ; Codeine and morphine in blood
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A rapid and efficient procedure is described for the extraction and analysis of codeine and morphine in whole blood. Red blood cells were fragmented by sonication and the blood sample extracted by passing through a bonded silica column (Bond Elute®). The adsorbed drugs were washed and eluted followed by analysis by HPLC. Recoveries were between 95–100% at 5 ng/ml concentrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02316187
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liquid chromatographic analysis with electrochemical detection for metoclopramide in human plasma (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 651-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Metoclopramide ; Electrochemical detection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A simple, reproducible liquid-chromatographic method for determination of metoclopramide anti-emetic and anti-spasmodic agent is described. Metoclopramide is extracted from alkalinized plasma into diethylether, then separated with a sperisorb CN column and measured through amperometric detection at +1,4 volt vs Ag/ AgCl. The average extraction recovery was 92%. Standard curves were linear and reproducible from 0.05 to 1.5 mg/ L. Within-day CV was better than 6%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311493
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A solvent-free sampling method for airborne toluene diisocyanate (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Toluene Diisocyanate in air ; Collector for air sampling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A useful method of sampling and measurement of toluene diisocyanate concentration in atmosphere is described. The sampler consists of glass-fibre filters impregnated with the reagent 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine1 so that the 2,4 and 2,6 isomers of TDI react to form urea derivatives which are analysed by high performance liquid chromatography in isocratic mode on cyan-amino and C18 bonded phases. A dynamic system was used to generate standard atmospheres of TDI and to validate the sampling method within the humidity range of 0% to 75%. A coated filter, a bubbling solution and an impregnated silica gel were compared as samplers requiring the piperazine reagent in performance experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309420
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allelopathic effect of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) extract and residue on some agronomic crops and weeds (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1739-1747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; parthenium ; Parthenium hysterophorus ; Compositae ; corn ; Zea mays ; ryegrass ; Lolium multiflorum ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; velvetleaf ; Abutilon theophrasti ; soybean ; Glycine max ; inhibition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Allelopathic effects of entire shoot extract, plant part extracts, and shoot residue of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) on corn (Zea mays L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), and soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] growth were examined. Parthenium shoot contained water-soluble materials that were toxic to root growth of velvetleaf and wheat. At 4% (w/ v) concentration, root growth of velvetleaf and wheat were reduced by 60 and 75%, respectively. The order of increasing sensitivity to parthenium was ryegrass, corn, wheat, and velvetleaf. There was a strong correlation between extract concentration and increased toxicity to test species. The toxicity of plant part extracts was also concentration dependent. At 1 and 2% (w/v), the inflorescence and leaves caused more root inhibition than stem extract. Parthenium shoot incorporated in soil at 1% (w/w) caused significantly more root inhibition of wheat than soybean, corn, and ryegrass. At 4% (w/w), root growth of all the test species was inhibited compared to the control. Toxicity of parthenium residue to wheat diminished with increasing periods of decomposition. Residue decomposed for four weeks was less toxic than the undecomposed residue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980214
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  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Pattern recognition for earthquake detection by mental pictures (1987)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, ASST'87, Berlin, Springer, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 347-350, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1987
    Schlagwort(e): Detectors ; Seismology ; Pattern recognition
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Automatische Detektion und Auswertung in Seismischen Netzen (1987)
    DGG
    In:  47. DGG-Tagung, Clausthal, DGG, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. GL-TR-89-0143, pp. 235, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1987
    Schlagwort(e): Data analysis / ~ processing ; Detectors ; ARR ; arc ; BUG ; Seismology ; Pattern recognition ; Seismic networks
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    BIBLIOGRAFIE SEISMOLOGIE
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