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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effects of Deuterium Substitution on the Rates of Organic Reactions. VIII. The Solvolysis of t-Butyl-d1, -d2, -d3, -d6 and -d9 Chlorides1 (1963)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 85 (1963), S. 2413-2416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00899a016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STUDIES OF THE LOCATION OF ANTIBODY PRODUCTION TO INSULIN IN GUINEA PIGS (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 177 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb35047.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity studies of TOVS retrievals with 3I and ITPP retrieval algorithms: Application to the resolution of meso-scale phenomena in the Antarctic (1995)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 55 (1995), S. 87-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Retrievals from TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) data with the International TOVS Processing Package (ITPP version 3.3) and the Improved Initialisation Inversion (3I version 2) algorithms are investigated. The comparative study comprises the retrieval mechanism from the first guess to the final result for collocated radiosonde/satellite data as well as the problem of horizontal resolution for simulated Antarctic cold air pools. For the latter problem, TOVS brightness temperatures are computed for simulated NOAA-10 overpasses in the Weddell Sea region of Antarctica by the ITPP and the 3R (Rapid Radiance Recognition) forward models for retrievals with ITPP and 3I, respectively. The main results of this study are: - Comparisons of ITPP and 3R forward models with collocated radiosonde data for cloudless Antarctic profiles yield differences less than 2 K except for HIRS-channel 1 and water vapour channels. - For typical examples of Antarctic profiles for the coastal region, results of 3I retrievals lie closer to the collocated radiosonde profiles than ITPP retrievals even for cases with surface inversions. - Simulations of cold air pools for cloud-free conditions show that cold air pools with a strong temperature anomaly and with diameters of 800 km and greater are well reproduced by ITPP and 3I. For smaller cold air pools with a moderate temperature perturbation, the resolution limits are reached if the diameter is smaller than 400 and 200 km for ITPP and 3I, respectively. ITPP retrievals have smaller horizontal gradients and higher values for geopotential thicknesses in the center of the cold air pools. The better performance of the 3I retrievals for smaller cold air pools is a consequence of the better first guess of the TIGR dataset compared with the regression first guess of the ITPP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rain rate estimation from a synergetic use of SSM/I, AVHRR and meso-scale numerical model data (1998)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 66 (1998), S. 65-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this paper a retrieval technique for estimating rainfall rates is introduced. The novel feature of this technique is the combination of two satellite radiometers — the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) — with mesoscale weather prediction model data. This offers an adjustment of the model atmospheres to reality which is necessary for calculating brightness temperatures that can be compared with microwave satellite measurements. In sensitivity studies it was found that the estimation of precipitation is determined to a high degree by the particle size distribution of rain and snow, especially by the size distribution of solid hydrometeors. These studies also reveal the influence of the knowledge of the correct cloud coverage inside a SSM/I pixel and the importance of using a realistic temperature profile instead of using standard atmospheres. The retrieval technique is based on radiative transfer calculations using the model of Kummerow et al. (1989). The algorithm consists of two parts: First Guess (FG) brightness temperatures for the SSM/I frequencies are generated as a function of the cloud top height and the cloud coverage, derived from AVHRR data and predictions from a meso-scale model. The rainfall rate of different types of clouds containing raindrops, ice particles and coexisting ice and water hydrometeors is then calculated as a function of the cloud top height. As an example, a strong convective rain event over the western part of Europe and over the Alps is taken to evaluate the performance of this technique. Good agreement with radar data from the German Weather Service was achieved. Compared to statistical rainfall algorithms, the current algorithm shows a better performance of detecting rainfall areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030449
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A wintertime polar low over the eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica): A study with AVHRR, TOVS, SSM/I and conventional data (1996)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 58 (1996), S. 83-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary The baroclinic development of an intense meso-scale cyclone (MC) over the Weddell Sea near the Antarctic coast close to the German Georg-von-Neumayer Station (GvN) during the period 26–28 April 1989 was studied by means of satellite and conventional data. ECMWF analyses, radiosonde data and surface observations were used together with AVHRR data, TOVS and SSM/I retrievals for the description of the synoptic and subsynoptic environment associated with the development of the MC. The MC had a diameter of about 500 km, a lifetime of about 40 hours and reached the intensity of a polar low. Wind speeds up to 19 m/s (with gusts up to 24 m/s) were recorded at GvN as the MC approached on 27 April and remained quasi-stationary for about 24 hours. Its development took place in baroclinic conditions of strong low-level cold air advection close to the sea ice front. The genesis of the MC seemed to be triggered by a 500 hPa short-wave trough and a resemblance to a baroclinic development at a boundary layer front was noticed. Low-level thickness fields from TOVS data reflected the baroclinic structure of the MC, but gradients were relatively weak. Wind speed retrievals from SSM/I data did not allow a full analysis of the wind field structure for this case, as they were limited to ice-free ocean. They showed the incipient MC lying in an area with increased wind speed and high surface fluxes of sensible heat. In the mature stage, a maximum in the SSM/I wind speed field was found in the northwestern part of the MC. A meso-scale analysis with a limited area assimilation system for the mature stage showed only weak support of the low-level MC by upper level cyclonic vorticity advection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01027558
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface energy balance, parameterizations of boundary-layer heights and the application of resistance laws near an Antarctic Ice Shelf front (1990)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 51 (1990), S. 123-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A study of the surface energy balance with turbulent fluxes obtained by the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory and a comparison with results for resistance laws are presented for the strong baroclinic conditions in the vicinity of the Filchner/Ronne Ice Shelf front. The data are taken from a field experiment in the Antarctic summer season 1983/84. For the first time in the coastal Antarctic region, this data set comprises synchronous energy balance measurements over the polynya and the ice shelf together with soundings of the boundary layer, yielding vertical profiles of the wind velocity and temperature over the ice shelf, at the ice shelf front and over the polynya. Over the ice shelf, the radiation balance is the largest component of the energy fluxes and is mainly compensated by the subsurface energy flux and the turbulent heat flux in the daily mean. Over the polynya, turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat lead to large energy losses of the water surface in the night-time and in situations of very low air temperatures. Different parameterizations for boundary-layer height are compared using tethered sonde and energy balance measurements. With the height of the inversion base over the polynya and the height of the critical bulk Richardson number over the ice shelf, external parameters for the application of resistance laws were determined. The comparison of turbulent surface fluxes obtained by the energy balance measurements and by the resistance laws shows good agreement for the convective conditions over the polynya. For the stably stratified boundary layer over the ice shelf with small amounts of the turbulent heat flux, the deviation is large for the case of a cold air outflow with a superposed inertial oscillation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120464
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer-coating approach for HPLC stationary phases: Efficiency, chemical stability, versatility (1987)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 327 (1987), S. 53-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00474561
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New polymer coated anion-exchange HPLC-phases: Immobilization of poly (2-hydroxy, 3N-ethylenediamino) butadiene on silica and alumina (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 435-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Anion-exchange stationary phases ; Polymer coating ; Cross-linking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary PHEB=POLY(2-hydroxy, 3N-ethylenediamino)butadiene has been synthesized. This unsaturated pre-polymer can be immobilized on different, preferably inorganic supports of suitable porosity such as silica or alumina by cross-linking. Weak anion-exchange phase are obtained. Such phases do not have the disadvantages of organic polymeric phases, regarding pressure stability and swelling by solvent influence. The ion-exchange capacity and the retentivity of IE-separations can deliberately be varied via the thickness of the cross-linked polymer layer. Alumina can also be coated with PHEB applying the same cross-linking procedure. Such phases exhibit an exceptional chemical stability even when operated with mobile phases at very high pH-values. Separations of excellent selectivity are achieved for inorganic anions, as well as with mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic free acids also including hydroxy- (mono- or poly)carboxylic acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311821
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved residue analytical method for phenylurea herbicides (1991)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 339 (1991), S. 374-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An improved HPLC method with electrochemical detection is applied to the determination of phenyl urea herbicide residues in crops. The analysis includes extraction and hydrolysis with NaOH, clean-up by steam distillation and partition into methanol/HCl and quantitation of the aniline by HPLC with 2-column switching technique and amperometric detection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322351
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  • 10
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    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1963-08-20
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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