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  • Animals
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (343)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1986  (343)
  • 101
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    Long-range electron transfer in heme proteins (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-29
    Description: Kinetic experiments have conclusively shown that electron transfer can take place over large distances (greater than 10 angstroms) through protein interiors. Current research focuses on the elucidation of the factors that determine the rates of long-range electron-transfer reactions in modified proteins and protein complexes. Factors receiving experimental and theoretical attention include the donor-acceptor distance, changes in geometry of the donor and acceptor upon electron transfer, and the thermodynamic driving force. Recent experimental work on heme proteins indicates that the electron-transfer rate falls off exponentially with donor-acceptor distance at long range. The rate is greatly enhanced in proteins in which the structural changes accompanying electron transfer are very small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayo, S L -- Ellis, W R Jr -- Crutchley, R J -- Gray, H B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 29;233(4767):948-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3016897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytochrome c Group/metabolism ; *Electron Transport ; Hemeproteins/*metabolism ; Horses/metabolism ; Metalloporphyrins/metabolism ; Myoglobin/metabolism ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
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    Stimulation of gonadotropin release by a non-GnRH peptide sequence of the GnRH precursor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) precursor comprises the GnRH sequence followed by an extension of 59 amino acids. Basic amino acid residues in the carboxyl terminal extension may represent sites of processing to biologically active peptides. A synthetic peptide comprising the first 13 amino acids (H X Asp-Ala-Glu-Asn-Leu-Ile-Asp-Ser-Phe-Gln-Glu-Ile-Val X OH) of the 59-amino acid peptide was found to stimulate the release of gonadotropic hormones from human and baboon anterior pituitary cells in culture. The peptide did not affect thyrotropin or prolactin secretion. A GnRH antagonist did not inhibit gonadotropin stimulation by the peptide, and the peptide did not compete with GnRH for GnRH pituitary receptors, indicating that the action of the peptide is independent of the GnRH receptor. The GnRH precursor contains two distinct peptide sequences capable of stimulating gonadotropin release from human and baboon pituitary cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Millar, R P -- Wormald, P J -- Milton, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):68-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3082009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*secretion ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Papio ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/drug effects/*secretion ; Protein Precursors/*pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 103
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    The nucleocapsid of hepatitis B virus is both a T-cell-independent and a T-cell-dependent antigen (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: One characteristic of the immune response during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans is the vigorous production and subsequent persistence of antibodies of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes M and G to the nucleocapsid antigen (HBcAg). In this study HBcAg was shown to be similarly immunogenic in mice. When injected into athymic (nude) B10.BR and athymic BALB/c mice, HBcAg induced IgM and IgG class antibodies to HBc in spite of the absence of T cells in nude mice. In euthymic mice, HBcAg efficiently stimulated T-cell proliferation in vitro and helper T-cell function in vivo. The dual functions of HBcAg as a T-cell-independent and a T-cell-dependent antigen may explain its enhanced immunogenicity. Denaturation of HBcAg yields a nonparticulate antigen designated HBeAg; when HBeAg was used as the immunogen, antibody production required helper T-cell function. Although HBcAg and HBeAg are serologically distinct, they are structurally related, and in these experiments were highly cross-reactive at the T-cell level. These results suggest that the elevated levels of IgM antibodies to HBc and the enhanced immunogenicity of HBcAg during HBV infection in humans reflect the ability of HBcAg to directly activate B cells to produce antibodies to HBc in the presence or absence of HBcAg- or HBeAg-sensitized T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Milich, D R -- McLachlan, A -- AI00585/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI20720/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1398-401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3491425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Capsid/*immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens/analysis ; Hepatitis B e Antigens/analysis ; Hepatitis B virus/*immunology ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Viral Core Proteins/*immunology
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  • 104
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    Effects of alcohol on the generation and migration of cerebral cortical neurons (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: Prenatal exposure to alcohol produces many developmental defects of the central nervous system, such as microcephaly, mental retardation, motor dysfunction, and cognitive deficiencies. Therefore, the generation of neurons in the cerebral cortex was examined in the offspring of female rats fed a diet containing ethanol. Prenatal exposure to ethanol delayed and extended the period during which cortical neurons were generated, reduced the number of neurons in the nature cortex with the same time of origin, and altered the distribution of neurons generated on a particular day. Thus, the proliferation and migration of cortical neurons are profoundly affected by in utero exposure to ethanol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, M W -- AA 06916/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1308-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects/embryology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Motor Cortex/drug effects/embryology ; Neurons/*drug effects/embryology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 105
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    The role of chloride transport in postsynaptic inhibition of hippocampal neurons (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-13
    Description: Hippocampal inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are depolarizing in granule cells but hyperpolarizing in CA3 neurons because the reversal potentials and membrane potentials of these cells differ. Here the hippocampal slice preparation was used to investigate the role of chloride transport in these inhibitory responses. In both cell types, increasing the intracellular chloride concentration by injection shifted the reversal potential of these responses in a positive direction, and blocking the outward transport of chloride with furosemide slowed their recovery from the injection. In addition, hyperpolarizing and depolarizing inhibitory responses and the hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid decreased in the presence of furosemide. These effects of furosemide suggest that the internal chloride activity of an individual hippocampal neuron is regulated by two transport processes, one that accumulates chloride and one that extrudes chloride.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Misgeld, U -- Deisz, R A -- Dodt, H U -- Lux, H D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 13;232(4756):1413-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2424084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Furosemide/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; *Neural Inhibition ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 106
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    Detoxification of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) by a human neutrophil enzyme (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-10
    Description: Lipopolysaccharides in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria elicit toxic as well as potentially beneficial inflammatory responses in animals. It is now reported that tissue toxicity caused by lipopolysaccharides is preferentially reduced by an enzymatic activity in human neutrophils. Acyloxyacyl hydrolysis removes fatty acyl chains that are linked to the hydroxyl groups of 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl residues in the bioactive lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharides. Maximal acyloxyacyl hydrolysis reduced lipopolysaccharide tissue toxicity, as measured in the dermal Shwartzman reaction, by a factor of 100 or more. In contrast, the ability of the deacylated lipopolysaccharides to stimulate B lymphocytes to divide was decreased only by a factor of 12. It is suggested that during tissue invasion by Gram-negative bacteria acyloxyacyl hydrolysis may be a defense mechanism that reduces the toxicity of lipopolysaccharides while preserving some of their potentially beneficial inflammatory and immune stimuli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munford, R S -- Hall, C L -- AI 18188/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 10;234(4773):203-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3529396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/*blood ; Humans ; Lipid A/metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism/pharmacology/*toxicity ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Neutrophils/*enzymology ; Rabbits ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Shwartzman Phenomenon
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  • 107
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    Mechanism of the rapid effect of 17 beta-estradiol on medial amygdala neurons (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: The mechanism by which sex steroids rapidly modulate the excitability of neurons was investigated by intracellular recording of neurons in rat medial amygdala brain slices. Brief hyperpolarization and increased potassium conductance were produced by 17 beta-estradiol. This effect persisted after elimination of synaptic input and after suppression of protein synthesis. Thus, 17 beta-estradiol directly changes the ionic conductance of the postsynaptic membrane of medial amygdala neurons. In addition, a greater proportion of the neurons from females than from males responded to 17 beta-estradiol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nabekura, J -- Oomura, Y -- Minami, T -- Mizuno, Y -- Fukuda, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):226-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/*drug effects ; Animals ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 108
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    Leucosulfakinin, a sulfated insect neuropeptide with homology to gastrin and cholecystokinin (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-03
    Description: A sulfated, myotropic neuropeptide termed leucosulfakinin (Glu-Gln-Phe-Glu-Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Gly-His-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) was isolated from head extracts of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. The peptide exhibits sequence homology with the hormonally active portion of the vertebrate hormones human gastrin II and cholecystokinin, suggesting that these peptides are evolutionarily related. Six of the 11 amino acid residues (55 percent) are identical to those in gastrin II. In addition, the intestinal myotropic action of leucosulfakinin is analogous to that of gastrin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nachman, R J -- Holman, G M -- Haddon, W F -- Ling, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 3;234(4772):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Aplysia ; Brachyura ; Cholecystokinin/genetics ; Cockroaches ; Gastrins/genetics ; Humans ; Insect Hormones/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology ; *Neuropeptides ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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  • 109
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    Measurement of brain deoxyglucose metabolism by NMR (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, T -- Lucignani, G -- Sokoloff, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):776-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Chemistry ; Deoxy Sugars/*metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/*metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism ; *Glucose-6-Phosphate/*analogs & derivatives ; Glucosephosphates/analysis ; *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Rats
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  • 110
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    High potassium conductance in astrocyte endfeet (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-25
    Description: The distribution of potassium conductance over the surface of freshly dissociated salamander astrocytes was determined by monitoring cell depolarizations evoked by focal increases in the extracellular potassium concentration. The specific potassium conductance of the endfoot processes of these cells was approximately tenfold higher than the conductance of other cell regions. This dramatically nonuniform conductance distribution may play an important role in the regulation of extracellular potassium levels by glia in the brain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483428/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483428/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newman, E A -- EY 04077/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY004077/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY004077-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 25;233(4762):453-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*physiology ; Extracellular Space/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium/*physiology ; Urodela
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  • 111
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    A macrophage-derived factor required by plasmacytomas for survival and proliferation in vitro (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Plasmacytoma (PCT) cell lines dependent for proliferation and survival on a factor elaborated by the murine macrophage cell line, P388D1, were established in vitro. Adherent peritoneal cells induced by pristane produced 50-fold greater amounts of this activity in vitro than did resident cells. The molecules responsible for plasmacytoma growth were distinct from a number of characterized factors including interleukin-1, -2, and -3, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, B-cell stimulatory factor-1, B-cell growth factor II, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and gamma- and beta-interferon, none of which were able to support the growth of the factor-dependent PCT cell lines. These results suggest that PCT growth factor may be a novel factor that has not been previously characterized and, further, that its production is associated with the pristane-induced, chronic peritoneal inflammatory response that precedes plasmacytoma formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nordan, R P -- Potter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):566-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; *Cell Survival/drug effects ; Growth Substances/*isolation & purification/pharmacology/physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Mice ; Plasmacytoma/*physiopathology
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  • 112
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    Tissue-specific expression in transgenic mice of a fused gene containing RSV terminal sequences (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: Transgenic mice were generated with pRSV-CAT, a chimeric gene construct containing the long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) linked to the bacterial gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). CAT expression, detected in adult animals of five independent strains, was preferentially directed to organs rich in tendon, bone, and muscle. This pattern reflects the disease specificity of the intact virus and suggests that the tissue tropism of RSV is determined at least in part by the presence of endogenous tissue-specific factors that can promote expression of genetic information linked to the long terminal repeat. In two of the mouse strains, insertion of the pRSV-CAT DNA resulted in developmental abnormalities. One of these strains was characterized by a dominant trait of embryonic lethality, the other by a recessive trait of fused toes in all four feet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Overbeek, P A -- Lai, S P -- Van Quill, K R -- Westphal, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Age Factors ; Animals ; Avian Sarcoma Viruses/*genetics ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Regulator ; Limb Deformities, Congenital ; Mice ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 113
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    GABA receptor-mediated chloride transport in a "cell-free" membrane preparation from brain (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paul, S M -- Schwartz, R D -- Creveling, C R -- Hollingsworth, E B -- Daly, J W -- Skolnick, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):228-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/*physiology ; Chick Embryo ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Mice ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism/*physiology ; Synaptosomes/metabolism
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  • 114
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    Regulation of class III major histocompatibility complex gene products by interleukin-1 (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a product of mononuclear phagocytes that mediates changes characteristic of the response to inflammation or tissue injury (the acute-phase response). One of two structurally and functionally homologous major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III genes encodes a positive acute-phase protein, complement factor B. The closely linked complement C2 gene is not affected during the acute-phase response. Purified human IL-1, pH 7.0, and recombinant-generated murine IL-1, pH 5.0, increased the expression of factor B and other positive acute-phase proteins in human hepatoma cells but decreased the expression of albumin, a negative acute-phase reactant. Furthermore, in a murine fibroblast L-cell line transfected with cosmid DNA bearing the human C2 and factor B genes, IL-1 mediated a reversible dose- and time-dependent increase in factor B expression in the transfected cells. Expression of the C2 gene was not affected by IL-1. The effect of IL-1 on factor B expression involves a mechanism acting at a pre-translational level as demonstrated by an increase in specific messenger RNA content and a corresponding increase in biosynthesis and secretion of factor B. The structural basis and mechanism for selective and independent regulation of these genes provides insight into the molecular control of the inflammatory response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perlmutter, D H -- Goldberger, G -- Dinarello, C A -- Mizel, S B -- Colten, H R -- AI20032/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM33293/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD17461/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):850-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3010455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/*drug effects ; Mice
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  • 115
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    Nucleotide sequence of SRV-1, a type D simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome retrovirus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: Simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) in the macaque genus of monkeys at the California Primate Research Center is apparently caused by infection by a type D retrovirus. The complete nucleotide sequence (8173 base pairs) of a molecular clone of the prototype SAIDS virus isolate, SRV-1, reveals a typical retrovirus structure with long terminal repeats (346 base pairs) and open reading frames for the gag (663 codons), pol (867 codons), and env (605 codons) genes. SRV-1 also has a separate open reading frame of 314 codons between the gag and pol genes that defines the viral protease gene (prt) and a short open reading frame of unknown significance downstream from the env gene. The SRV-1 protease region shows a high degree of homology to its counterpart in the hamster intracisternal A-type particle genome; both these protease genes are about twice as long as the analogous region of other retroviruses. SRV-1 has no notable similarity in either genetic organization or sequence to the human AIDS retroviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Power, M D -- Marx, P A -- Bryant, M L -- Gardner, M B -- Barr, P J -- Luciw, P A -- AI20573/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA37467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR00169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1567-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology/*veterinary ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; Macaca/*microbiology ; Peptide Hydrolases/genetics ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Retroviridae Proteins/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Symmetry in running (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-14
    Description: Symmetry plays a key role in simplifying the control of legged robots and in giving them the ability to run and balance. The symmetries studied describe motion of the body and legs in terms of even and odd functions of time. A legged system running with these symmetries travels with a fixed forward speed and a stable upright posture. The symmetries used for controlling legged robots may help in elucidating the legged behavior of animals. Measurements of running in the cat and human show that the feet and body sometimes move as predicted by the even and odd symmetry functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raibert, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 14;231(4743):1292-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Automation ; Cats ; Horses ; Leg/physiology ; Movement ; *Running
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecular analysis of the hotspot of recombination in the murine major histocompatibility complex (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-10
    Description: Biological and serological assays have been used to define four subregions for the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the order I-A, I-B, I-J, and I-E. The I-J subregion presumably encodes the I-J polypeptide of the elusive T-cell suppressor factors. Restriction enzyme site polymorphisms and DNA sequence analyses of the I region from four recombinant mouse strains were used to localize the putative I-B and I-J subregions to a 1.0-kilobase (kb) region within the E beta gene. Sequencing this region from E beta clones derived from the two mouse strains: B10.A(3R), I-Jb and B10.A(5R), I-Jk initially used to define the I-J subregion revealed that these regions are identical, hence the distinct I-Jb and I-Jk molecules cannot be encoded by this DNA. In addition, the DNA sequence data also refute the earlier mapping of the I-B subregion. Analysis of the DNA sequences of three parental and four I region recombinants reveals that the recombinant events in three of the recombinant strains occurred within a 1-kb region of DNA, supporting the proposition that a hotspot for recombination exists in the I region. The only striking feature of this hotspot is a tetramer repeat (AGGC)n that shows 80 percent homology to the minisatellite sequence which may facilitate recombination in human chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobori, J A -- Strauss, E -- Minard, K -- Hood, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 10;234(4773):173-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Genes, MHC Class II ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Suppressor Factors, Immunologic/genetics
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    Maleness pinpointed on Y chromosome (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 28;234(4780):1076-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; H-Y Antigen/genetics ; Humans ; Lizards ; Male ; Mice ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; *Y Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Trying to crack the second half of the genetic code (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Collagen/genetics ; *Genetic Code ; Humans ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Denaturation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    New blood test raises thorny issues (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):149-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3088724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood Banks ; Blood Donors ; Hepatitis C/blood/*prevention & control ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes ; United States
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    Progress on a vaccine for Epstein-Barr virus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):919-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Burkitt Lymphoma/prevention & control ; Callitrichinae ; Chickens ; Child ; *Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; *Vaccines
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    Cell recognition by neuronal growth cones in a simple vertebrate embryo (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: The mechanism that guides neuronal growth cones to their targets in vertebrate embryos has been difficult to study primarily because of the complexity and large number of neurons found in many vertebrate nervous systems. The spinal cord of a simple vertebrate, the fish embryo, is used to analyze pathfinding mechanisms. The early embryonic spinal cord consists of a relatively small number of identifiable neurons. From the beginning of axonal outgrowth the growth cones of these identified neurons extend along stereotyped and precise pathways in the spinal cord. Laser ablation experiments (i) support the hypothesis that early growth cones that pioneer specific spinal tracts appear to recognize cues on subsets of longitudinally arrayed neuroepithelial cells and (ii) demonstrate that later growth cones that selectively fasciculate in these spinal tracts appear to recognize cues on specific subsets of axons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuwada, J Y -- HD 21294/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 20299/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):740-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; *Cell Communication ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Fishes ; Lasers ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neurons/*cytology/ultrastructure ; Spinal Cord/cytology/*embryology/ultrastructure
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    Effect of antibodies to recombinant and synthetic peptides on P. falciparum sporozoites in vitro (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-10
    Description: Antibodies were raised in mice immunized with several recombinant and synthetic peptides of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. The antibodies were evaluated for protective activity in a human hepatocyte culture system. They exerted their protective effect against the parasite at three points: sporozoite attachment to the hepatocyte surface, entry, and subsequent intracellular development. Inhibition of attachment and entry were found to be related to the antibody titer against the authentic circumsporozoite protein on the sporozoite surface, especially when peptides were administered with alum or complete Freund's adjuvant. Even when invasion was not totally inhibited, the presence of abnormal trophozoites and a frequent inhibition of schizont development in long-term cultures suggested continued activity of antibodies at the intracellular level after sporozoite penetration had been completed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mazier, D -- Mellouk, S -- Beaudoin, R L -- Texier, B -- Druilhe, P -- Hockmeyer, W -- Trosper, J -- Paul, C -- Charoenvit, Y -- Young, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 10;231(4734):156-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3510455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/*immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/*immunology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Liver/cytology/parasitology ; Mice ; Peptides/immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology
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    The mechanism of binding of a polynucleotide chain to pancreatic ribonuclease (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: The crystalline complex of pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase) with oligomers of d(pA)4 has been solved by x-ray diffraction methods and refined by standard procedures to a conventional crystallographic R factor of 0.22 at 2.5 angstrom resolution. The asymmetric unit is a complex of one RNase molecule associated with four d(pA)4 oligomers. Although the DNA in this complex is segmented, and therefore shows some discontinuities, it nevertheless traces a continuous path 12 nucleotides in length that passes through the active site cleft of the enzyme and over the surface of the protein. The DNA makes a series of eight to nine electrostatic bonds between its phosphate groups and lysine and arginine residues on the protein, as well as specific chemical interactions at the active site. The path described by the sequence of nucleotides is likely to be that taken by an extended polynucleotide chain when it is bound by the enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McPherson, A -- Brayer, G -- Cascio, D -- Williams, R -- 21398/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):765-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; DNA/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Polynucleotides/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/*metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of c-myc expression and DNA synthesis by bombesin (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-28
    Description: The bombesin-like peptides are potent mitogens for Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, human bronchial epithelial cells, and cells isolated from small cell carcinoma of the lung. The mechanism of signal transduction in the proliferative response to bombesin was investigated by studying the effect of Bordetella pertussis toxin on bombesin-stimulated mitogenesis. At nanomolar concentrations, bombesin increased levels of c-myc messenger RNA and stimulated DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. Treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (5 nanograms per milliliter) completely blocked bombesin-enhanced c-myc expression and eliminated bombesin-stimulated DNA synthesis. This treatment had essentially no effect on the mitogenic responses to either platelet-derived growth factor or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. These results suggest that the mitogenic actions of bombesin-like growth factors are mediated through a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding protein. Furthermore they indicate that bombesin-like growth factors act through pathways that are different from those activated by platelet-derived growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Letterio, J J -- Coughlin, S R -- Williams, L T -- R01 HL 32898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 28;234(4780):1117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3465038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bombesin/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Neoplasm/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; Mice ; Oncogenes/*drug effects ; *Pertussis Toxin ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate ; Phorbol Esters/pharmacology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/*pharmacology
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    Cultivation of Rhinosporidium seeberi in vitro: interaction with epithelial cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: Rhinosporidium seeberi, a fungus that is associated with polyp-like tumors in animals and man, was successfully cultivated. This organism stimulated proliferation of epithelial cells in vitro, producing polyp-like structures. Spores produced in culture required a period of aging or development, or both, before they were capable of reinitiating the growth cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, M G -- Meuten, D J -- Breitschwerdt, E B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):474-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; Dogs ; Epithelium/microbiology ; Humans ; Polyps/microbiology ; Rhinosporidium/*growth & development
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    How unusual are unusual events? (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 26;233(4771):1385.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecology ; *Research Design
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    Hu-ets-1 and Hu-ets-2 genes are transposed in acute leukemias with (4;11) and (8;21) translocations (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: Human probes identifying the cellular homologs of the v-ets gene, Hu-ets-1 and Hu-ets-2, and two panels of rodent-human cell hybrids were used to study specific translocations occurring in acute leukemias. The human ets-1 gene was found to translocate from chromosome 11 to 4 in the t(4;11)(q21;23), a translocation characteristic of a subtype of leukemia that represents the expansion of a myeloid/lymphoid precursor cell. Similarly, the human ets-2 gene was found to translocate from chromosome 21 to chromosome 8 in the t(8;21)(q22;q22), a nonrandom translocation commonly found in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with morphology M2 (AML-M2). Both translocations are associated with expression different from the expression in normal lymphoid cells of ets genes, raising the possibility that these genes play a role in the pathogenesis of these leukemias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sacchi, N -- Watson, D K -- Guerts van Kessel, A H -- Hagemeijer, A -- Kersey, J -- Drabkin, H D -- Patterson, D -- Papas, T S -- AG00029/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HD17449/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):379-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; *Translocation, Genetic
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    Molecular genetics of human color vision: the genes encoding blue, green, and red pigments (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-04-11
    Description: Human color vision is based on three light-sensitive pigments. The isolation and sequencing of genomic and complementary DNA clones that encode the apoproteins of these three pigments are described. The deduced amino acid sequences show 41 +/- 1 percent identity with rhodopsin. The red and green pigments show 96 percent mutual identity but only 43 percent identity with the blue pigment. Green pigment genes vary in number among color-normal individuals and, together with a single red pigment gene, are proposed to reside in a head-to-tail tandem array within the X chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathans, J -- Thomas, D -- Hogness, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):193-202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2937147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cattle ; Cebidae ; Cercopithecidae ; Color ; Color Perception/*physiology ; DNA/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Eye Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Genes ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics ; Retinaldehyde/physiology ; Rhodopsin/genetics ; Rod Opsins ; X Chromosome
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    Human melanoma proteoglycan: expression in hybrids controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic signals (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-03-14
    Description: Human malignant melanoma cells express specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (mel-CSPG) on the surface, both in vivo and in vitro. Melanocytes in normal skin show no detectable mel-CSPG but can be induced to express the antigen when cultured in the presence of cholera toxin and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Most other cell types do not express mel-CSPG either in vivo or in vitro. A study was designed to examine regulatory signals controlling mel-CSPG expression. The gene encoding mel-CSPG was mapped to human chromosome 15, and this chromosome was introduced into rodent cells derived from distinct differentiation lineages. Three types of mel-CSPG--expressing hybrids were found: (i) hybrids derived from human melanomas; (ii) hybrids derived from human cells that do not express mel-CSPG; and (iii) hybrids derived from human cells expressing mel-CSPG that are antigen-negative but that are induced to express mel-CSPG when cultured on extracellular matrix instead of plastic surfaces. Thus, mel-CSPG expression can be controlled both through intrinsic signals, provided by the differentiation program of the rodent fusion partner, and through extrinsic signals, provided by specific cell-matrix interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rettig, W J -- Real, F X -- Spengler, B A -- Biedler, J L -- Old, L J -- CA-08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 14;231(4743):1281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3633135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggrecans ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Cholera Toxin/pharmacology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; *Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Glycoproteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/drug effects/*metabolism ; Lectins, C-Type ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Melanocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Melanoma/*metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; *Proteoglycans ; Rats ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
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    The E5 transforming gene of bovine papillomavirus encodes a small, hydrophobic polypeptide (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-25
    Description: Bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) contains two independent transforming genes that have been mapped to the E5 and E6 open reading frames (ORF's). The E5 transforming protein was identified by means of an antiserum against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 20 COOH-terminal amino acids of the E5 ORF. The E5 polypeptide is the smallest viral transforming protein yet characterized; it had an apparent size of 7 kilodaltons. The transforming polypeptide is encoded entirely within the second half of the E5 ORF and its predicted amino acid composition is very unusual; 68% of the amino acids are strongly hydrophobic and 34% are leucine. Cell fractionation studies localized this polypeptide predominantly to cellular membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlegel, R -- Wade-Glass, M -- Rabson, M S -- Yang, Y C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 25;233(4762):464-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bovine papillomavirus 1/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/*genetics ; Papillomaviridae/*genetics
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    Laser-induced alteration of collagen substructure allows microsurgical tissue welding (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-13
    Description: Tissue welding is a potentially important biomedical application of laser technology. The structural alterations basic to this phenomenon were studied in experimental repair of lesions of the rat carotid artery and sciatic nerve. A modified neodymiumdoped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser operating at a wavelength of 1.319 micrometers was used in conjunction with conventional suture techniques. Histological and fine-structural analysis revealed a homogenizing change in collagen with interdigitation of altered individual fibrils that appeared to be the structural basis of the welding effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schober, R -- Ulrich, F -- Sander, T -- Durselen, H -- Hessel, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 13;232(4756):1421-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carotid Arteries/*radiation effects ; *Collagen ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Extracellular Matrix/radiation effects ; *Lasers ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve/*radiation effects
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  • 133
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    Stress-induced inhibition of reproductive functions: role of endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: In the adult castrated male rat, exposure to inescapable, intermittent electroshocks inhibited the pulsatile pattern of luteinizing hormone release and markedly lowered its plasma concentrations. The central administration of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist alpha-helical ovine CRF residues 9 to 41 reversed the inhibitory action of stress. Neither its peripheral injection, nor the intraventricular injection of the inactive CRF analog des-Glu to Arg ovine CRF was effective. These results suggest that endogenous CRF may mediate some deleterious effects of noxious stimuli on reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, C -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- AA03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD13527/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/physiology ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Female ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Rats ; *Reproduction/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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  • 134
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    L-isoleucine and L-leucine: tumor promoters of bladder cancer in rats (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-21
    Description: A 4-week assay for screening tumor promoters of bladder cancer has been developed in which increased agglutinability of isolated rat bladder cells with concanavalin A is used as an indicator. On the basis of this assay system, L-isoleucine and L-leucine were suspected of being possible tumor promoters. Results of 40- to 60-week carcinogenesis experiments in which N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine was used as an initiator demonstrate that L-isoleucine and L-leucine promote bladder cancer in rats. This finding may be relevant to the high incidence of human bladder cancer in Western countries, where the diet is rich in protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishio, Y -- Kakizoe, T -- Ohtani, M -- Sato, S -- Sugimura, T -- Fukushima, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 21;231(4740):843-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogens ; Carcinoma/*chemically induced ; *Isoleucine ; *Leucine ; Papilloma/*chemically induced ; Precancerous Conditions/*chemically induced ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*chemically induced
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    Studies and perspectives of protein kinase C (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: Protein kinase C, an enzyme that is activated by the receptor-mediated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, relays information in the form of a variety of extracellular signals across the membrane to regulate many Ca2+-dependent processes. At an early phase of cellular responses, the enzyme appears to have a dual effect, providing positive forward as well as negative feedback controls over various steps of its own and other signaling pathways, such as the receptors that are coupled to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and those of some growth factors. In biological systems, a positive signal is frequently followed by immediate negative feedback regulation. Such a novel role of this protein kinase system seems to give a logical basis for clarifying the biochemical mechanism of signal transduction, and to add a new dimension essential to our understanding of cell-to-cell communication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishizuka, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):305-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; *Cation Transport Proteins ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Electric Conductivity ; Enzyme Activation ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Purkinje Cells/enzymology ; Rats ; Serotonin/blood ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Time Factors
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  • 136
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    Production of immunoglobulin isotypes by Ly-1+ B cells in viable motheaten and normal mice (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-13
    Description: Almost all B cells in autoimmune mice with the viable motheaten (mev) mutation express the Ly-1 cell surface antigen, which marks a minor population of B cells constituting a separate lineage in normal mice. Immunoglobulins primarily of the M and G3 classes, which in both normal and mev mice contain high levels of lambda light chain, are produced in excess in mev mice. These and other observations suggest that the development of B cells that express Ly-1 is regulated independently from the development of B cells that do not express Ly-1. B cells bearing the Ly-1 surface antigen may play specialized roles in the normal immune system and in autoimmunity by regulating other B cells via lymphokines, by producing antibodies to self and certain foreign antigens, and by preferentially secreting immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidman, C L -- Shultz, L D -- Hardy, R R -- Hayakawa, K -- Herzenberg, L A -- AI-20232/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA-20408/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-35845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 13;232(4756):1423-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3487115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Ly/*immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/classification/*immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunoglobulin D/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin M/metabolism ; Immunoglobulins/analysis ; Lymph Nodes/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains/*immunology ; Peritoneal Cavity/cytology ; Spleen/cytology
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    Adrenal-mediated endogenous metabolites inhibit puberty in female mice (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-02-14
    Description: While assessing a potential role of adrenal glands in the production of the hitherto unidentified puberty-delaying pheromone of female mice, the urinary volatile profiles of normal and adrenalectomized animals were quantitatively compared. Six components, whose concentrations were depressed after adrenalectomy, were identified: 2-heptanone, trans-5-hepten-2-one, trans-4-hepten-2-one, n-pentyl acetate, cis-2-penten-1-yl acetate, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. When these laboratory-synthesized chemicals were added (in their natural concentrations) to either previously inactive urine from adrenalectomized females or plain water, the biological activity was fully restored.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novotny, M -- Jemiolo, B -- Harvey, S -- Wiesler, D -- Marchlewska-Koj, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 14;231(4739):722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Ketones/urine ; Mice ; Ovary/physiology ; Pentanols/urine ; Pheromones/physiology/urine ; Pyrazines/urine ; *Sexual Maturation
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    Calcium channels in planar lipid bilayers: insights into mechanisms of ion permeation and gating (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: Electrophysiological recordings were used to analyze single calcium channels in planar lipid bilayers after membranes from bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles had been incorporated into the bilayer. In these cell-free conditions, channels in the bilayer showed unitary barium or calcium conductances, gating kinetics, and pharmacological responses that were similar to dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels in intact cells. The open channel current varied in a nonlinear manner with voltage under asymmetric (that is, physiological) ionic conditions. However, with identical solutions on both sides of the bilayer, the current-voltage relation was linear. In matched experiments, calcium channels from skeletal muscle T-tubules differed significantly from cardiac calcium channels in their conductance properties and gating kinetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, R L -- Hess, P -- Reeves, J P -- Smilowitz, H -- Tsien, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231(4745):1564-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2420007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, ; 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester ; Animals ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cattle ; Electric Conductivity ; Heart/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Lipid Bilayers ; Nicotinic Acids/pharmacology ; Nifedipine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Nimodipine ; Potassium/physiology ; Sarcolemma ; Sodium/physiology
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    Early signals in the mitogenic response (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-10
    Description: Polypeptide growth factors, regulatory peptides, and a variety of pharmacological agents acting alone or synergistically induce mitogenesis in cultured fibroblasts. The early signals in the membrane, cytosol, and nucleus promoted by these extracellular factors, together with their mitogenic effectiveness, are integrated in a unified hypothesis for the regulation of fibroblast growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rozengurt, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 10;234(4773):161-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bombesin/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Enzyme Activation ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Interphase ; Ions/metabolism ; Mitogens/*pharmacology ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Oncogenes ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
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    A mouse homeo box gene is expressed in spermatocytes and embryos (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-08-08
    Description: The MH-3 gene, which contains a homeo box that is expressed specifically in the adult testis, was identified and mapped to mouse chromosome 6. By means of in situ hybridization with adult testis sections and Northern blot hybridization with testis RNA from prepuberal mice and from Sl/Sld mutant mice, it was demonstrated that this gene is expressed in male germ cells during late meiosis. In the embryo, MH-3 transcripts were present at day 11.5 post coitum, a stage in mouse development when gonadal differentiation has not yet occurred. The MH-3 gene may have functions in spermatogenesis and embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, M R -- Toth, L E -- Patel, M D -- D'Eustachio, P -- Nguyen-Huu, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):663-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/genetics ; Drosophila ; Embryo, Mammalian/*metabolism ; *Embryo, Nonmammalian ; *Genes ; Male ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Spermatocytes/*metabolism ; Spermatogenesis
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  • 141
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    Hemocyanin respiratory pigment in bivalve mollusks (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-03-14
    Description: Hemocyanins, high molecular weight oxygen-binding proteins, were identified in two species of protobranch bivalve mollusks, Acila castrensis and Yoldia limatula. Although hemocyanins have been reported in chitons, gastropods, and cephalopods, they have not been observed in the Class Bivalvia. In A. castrensis the dissociation products of hemocyanin, characterized by gel electrophoresis, had a subunit molecular weight of approximately 250K. Negatively stained preparations of extracted hemocyanin formed protein aggregates in the shape of cylinders measuring 35 by 38 nanometers. X-ray microanalysis of hemocyanin aggregates in thin sections of Y. limatula demonstrated the presence of copper in the molecules. The discovery of hemocyanin in the protobranchs reinforces the primitive nature of the taxon and is further evidence that the major molluscan classes have a common ancestry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morse, M P -- Meyhofer, E -- Otto, J J -- Kuzirian, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 14;231(4743):1302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Hemocyanin/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Hemolymph/physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mollusca/metabolism/*physiology
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    A new approach to the oral administration of insulin and other peptide drugs (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-05
    Description: The oral administration of peptide drugs is well known to be precluded by their digestion in the stomach and small intestine. As a new approach to oral delivery, peptide drugs were coated with polymers cross-linked with azoaromatic groups to form an impervious film to protect orally administered drugs from digestion in the stomach and small intestine. When the azopolymer-coated drug reached the large intestine, the indigenous microflora reduced the azo bonds, broke the cross-links, and degraded the polymer film, thereby releasing the drug into the lumen of the colon for local action or for absorption. The ability of the azopolymer coating to protect and deliver orally administered peptide drugs was demonstrated in rats with the peptide hormones vasopressin and insulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saffran, M -- Kumar, G S -- Savariar, C -- Burnham, J C -- Williams, F -- Neckers, D C -- AI 18710/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- SO-7-RR05700-15/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1081-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3526553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Azo Compounds ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; Enterobacteriaceae/metabolism ; Insulin/*administration & dosage ; Lypressin/administration & dosage ; Peptides/*administration & dosage ; Polymers ; Rats ; *Tablets, Enteric-Coated
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    Isolation of a new virus, HBLV, in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: A novel human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV) was isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of six individuals: two HTLV-III seropositive patients from the United States (one with AIDS-related lymphoma and one with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy), three HTLV-III seronegative patients from the United States (one with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, one with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and one with immunoblastic lymphoma), and one HTLV-III seronegative patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia from Jamaica. All six isolates were closely related by antigenic analysis, and sera from all six virus-positive patients reacted immunologically with each virus isolate. In contrast, only four sera from 220 randomly selected healthy donors and none from 12 AIDS patients without associated lymphoma were seropositive. The virus selectively infected freshly isolated human B cells and converted them into large, refractile mono- or binucleated cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. HBLV is morphologically similar to viruses of the herpesvirus family but is readily distinguishable from the known human and nonhuman primate herpesviruses by host range, in vitro biological effects, and antigenic features.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salahuddin, S Z -- Ablashi, D V -- Markham, P D -- Josephs, S F -- Sturzenegger, S -- Kaplan, M -- Halligan, G -- Biberfeld, P -- Wong-Staal, F -- Kramarsky, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):596-601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2876520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Cell Line ; Deltaretrovirus Infections/microbiology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Haplorhini ; Herpesviridae/*isolation & purification ; Herpesviridae Infections/*microbiology ; Humans ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*microbiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
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    The Fos protein complex is associated with DNA in isolated nuclei and binds to DNA cellulose (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: The properties of the viral and cellular fos proteins (Fos) were investigated as a first step toward understanding the function of the fos gene. Treatment of nuclei with salt and nonionic detergents solubilized a complex that contained Fos together with several other cellular proteins. The majority of the Fos protein complex was released from isolated nuclei incubated in the presence of deoxyribonuclease I or micrococcal nuclease but not with ribonuclease A, suggesting that Fos is associated with chromatin. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that Fos protein from native or denatured nuclear extracts exhibited DNA-binding activity in vitro. These results suggest that Fos is involved in the regulation of gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sambucetti, L C -- Curran, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1417-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3491427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/genetics ; Animals ; Cellulose/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Micrococcal Nuclease/metabolism ; *Oncogenes ; Pheochromocytoma/genetics ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/*metabolism
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    Transforming growth factor-beta: biological function and chemical structure (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGF-beta and essentially all of them have specific receptors for this peptide. TGF-beta regulates the actions of many other peptide growth factors and determines a positive or negative direction of their effects. Its marked ability to enhance formation of connective tissue in vivo suggests several therapeutic applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sporn, M B -- Roberts, A B -- Wakefield, L M -- Assoian, R K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 1;233(4763):532-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3487831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Genes ; Humans ; Peptides/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neutralization of HTLV-III/LAV replication by antiserum to thymosin alpha 1 (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-30
    Description: An antiserum prepared against thymosin alpha 1, a hormone secreted by the thymus gland, effectively neutralized the AIDS-associated virus [HTLV-III/LAV (clone BH-10)] and blocked its replication in H9 cells. Reverse transcriptase activity and expression of the HTLV-III/LAV antigens p15 and p24 were inhibited by purified immunoglobulin G preparations of antisera to thymosin alpha 1. The antiviral activity of the antiserum was found to be due to a region of homology between thymosin alpha 1 and p17, a product of the gag gene of HTLV-III/LAV. Comparison of the primary sequences of thymosin alpha 1 and the gag protein revealed a 44% to 50% homology in an 18-amino acid region, between positions 11 and 28 on thymosin alpha 1 and 92 and 109 on the gag protein. The effectiveness of the thymosin alpha 1 antiserum and of immunoglobulin G-enriched preparations in blocking replication of HTLV-III(BH-10) in H9 cells suggests a novel approach to the development of an AIDS vaccine. A vaccine directed against the gag protein might overcome the problem of genetic drift in the envelope region of the virus and be useful against all genetic variants of HTLV-III/LAV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarin, P S -- Sun, D K -- Thornton, A H -- Naylor, P H -- Goldstein, A L -- CA 24974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 30;232(4754):1135-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3010464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Deltaretrovirus/*drug effects/physiology ; Gene Products, gag ; Humans ; Immune Sera/immunology/*pharmacology ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Rabbits/immunology ; Retroviridae Proteins/immunology ; Thymosin/*analogs & derivatives/immunology ; Virus Replication/*drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 147
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    High resolution of mouse chromosomes: banding conservation between man and mouse (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-27
    Description: A detailed schematic representation of high-resolution G-banding patterns was prepared from elongated and finely banded mitotic chromosomes of the mouse. Such chromosomes can be obtained from both animal tissue and cell lines by a simple protocol, facilitating precise demarcation of breakpoints in chromosome rearrangements and aiding in the sublocalization of genes. Regions of subbanding homology were observed between human and mouse chromosomal segments known to have conserved gene assignments, an indication that, at the cytogenetic level, extensive regions of the mammalian genome may remain intact after 60 million years of species divergence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sawyer, J R -- Hozier, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 27;232(4758):1632-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Banding ; Chromosomes/*ultrastructure ; Chromosomes, Human/*ultrastructure ; Humans ; Mice/*genetics ; Mice, Inbred DBA
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    Mechanisms of memory (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-27
    Description: Recent studies of animals with complex nervous systems, including humans and other primates, have improved our understanding of how the brain accomplishes learning and memory. Major themes of recent work include the locus of memory storage, the taxonomy of memory, the distinction between declarative and procedural knowledge, and the question of how memory changes with time, that is, the concepts of forgetting and consolidation. An important recent advance is the development of an animal model of human amnesia in the monkey. The animal model, together with newly available neuropathological information from a well-studied human patient, has permitted the identification of brain structures and connections involved in memory functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Squire, L R -- MH24600/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 27;232(4758):1612-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3086978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder/physiopathology ; Amnesia/physiopathology ; Amnesia, Retrograde/physiopathology ; Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/physiology/physiopathology ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Haplorhini ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Learning/physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory Disorders/physiopathology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology
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  • 149
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    In vivo competition between a metallothionein regulatory element and the SV40 enhancer (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: The human metallothionein-IIA (hMT-IIA) gene contains an enhancer element within its 5' regulatory region. This enhancer element can compete with the SV40 enhancer for one or more cellular factors in vivo. The competition between the two elements is modulated by cadmium, an inducer of hMT-IIA transcription. The data presented are consistent with a model in which heavy metal ions control the ability of the hMT-IIA enhancer to bind a positive factor, leading to increased transcription. The same factor is required for maximal activity of the SV40 enhancer, which suggests that viruses utilize factors that have a normal role in cellular gene expression to control their own genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scholer, H -- Haslinger, A -- Heguy, A -- Holtgreve, H -- Karin, M -- ES03222/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):76-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Genes ; *Genes, Regulator ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kinetics ; Metallothionein/*genetics ; Plasmids ; Simian virus 40/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 150
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    Differences in adrenergic recognition by pancreatic A and B cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: The adrenergic control of glucose homeostasis is mediated in part through variations in the release of pancreatic hormones. In this study, purified pancreatic A and B cells were used to identify the recognition and messenger units involved in the adrenergic regulation of glucagon and insulin release. Catecholamines induced beta-adrenergic receptor activity in A cells and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor activity in B cells. The two recognition units provoked opposite variations in the production of cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, the beta-adrenergic unit enhancing the nucleotide's permissive effect on amino acid-induced glucagon release and the alpha 2-adrenergic unit inhibiting that upon glucose-induced insulin release. In both cell types, catecholamines interact powerfully with the synergistic control of hormone release by nutrient- and (neuro)hormone-driven messenger systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuit, F C -- Pipeleers, D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):875-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2871625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/analysis ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Glucagon/secretion ; Insulin/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/analysis/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 151
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    Biochemical and genetic evidence for the hepatitis B virus replication strategy (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Hepatitis B viruses synthesize their open circular DNA genomes by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. The details of this process have been examined with the use of mammalian hepatitis B viruses to map the sites for initiation and termination of DNA synthesis and to explore the consequences of mutations introduced at short, separated direct repeats (DR1 and DR2) implicated in the mechanisms of initiation. The first DNA strand to be synthesized is initiated within DR1, apparently by a protein primer, and the completed strand has a short terminal redundancy. In contrast, the second DNA strand begins with the sequence adjacent to DR2, but its 5' end is joined to an oligoribonucleotide that contains DR1; thus the putative RNA primer has been transposed to the position of DR2. It is now possible to propose a detailed strategy for reverse transcription by hepatitis B viruses that can be instructively compared with that used by retroviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seeger, C -- Ganem, D -- Varmus, H E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):477-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/metabolism ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; Sciuridae ; Templates, Genetic ; *Virus Replication
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  • 152
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    Flow control among microvessels coordinated by intercellular conduction (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-14
    Description: Optimal distribution of blood flow requires coordination of vasodilation among resistance vessels. During hyperemia, blood vessels dilate upstream from the initiating stimulus. Spreading vasodilation independent of flow changes has not been previously demonstrated. In the present study, iontophoresis of acetylcholine adjacent to single hamster cheek pouch arterioles in situ (diameter, 20 to 37 micrometers) induced a rapid bidirectional dilation that was not attenuated when blood flow was eliminated with vascular occlusion. This finding indicates that a vasodilatory stimulus is conducted along the arteriole and demonstrates the existence of a mechanism of intercellular communication that is capable of coordinating diameter changes among resistance vessels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, S S -- Duling, B R -- HL06947/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL12792/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 14;234(4778):868-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Arterioles/physiology ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Cell Communication ; Cheek/blood supply ; Cricetinae ; Iontophoresis ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasodilation/*drug effects
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    Primary rat embryo cells transformed by one or two oncogenes show different metastatic potentials (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-11
    Description: Second-passage rat embryo cells were transfected with a neomycin resistance gene and the activated form of the c-Ha-ras I gene, or with these two genes plus the adenovirus type 2 E1a gene. Foci of morphologically transformed cells were observed in both cases; however, the frequency of transformation was at least ten times higher with two oncogenes than with the ras gene alone. All the transformed cell lines gave rise to rapidly growing tumors when injected subcutaneously into nude mice. All but one of the cell lines transformed by the ras oncogene alone formed metastatic nodules in the lungs of animals that had been injected subcutaneously with transformed cells. When transformed cells were injected intravenously, all the ras single-gene transformants gave rise to many metastatic lung nodules. In contrast, cell lines transformed with ras and E1a did not generate metastases after subcutaneous injection and gave rise to very few metastatic lung nodules after intravenous injection. These data demonstrate that a fully malignant cell with metastatic potential, as measured in an immunodeficient animal, can be obtained from early passage embryo cells by the transfection of the ras oncogene alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pozzatti, R -- Muschel, R -- Williams, J -- Padmanabhan, R -- Howard, B -- Liotta, L -- Khoury, G -- 3F32CA07245-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):223-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3456644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Genetic Engineering ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; *Oncogenes ; Plasmids ; Rats/embryology ; Rats, Inbred Strains/embryology ; Transfection ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
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  • 154
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    Perturbation of red cell membrane structure during intracellular maturation of Plasmodium falciparum (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: An experimental approach, which in this study was applied to the malarial system, can be used to analyze the molecular structure and organization of individual phospholipids in a wide variety of biological membranes. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the structural modifications of the major red cell phospholipids that occur in erythrocyte membranes infected with the human malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. These modifications were correlated with the intracellular developmental stage of the parasite. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine were increasingly disordered (fluidized) as infection progressed. This disordering occurred at different rates and to varying extents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taraschi, T F -- Parashar, A -- Hooks, M -- Rubin, H -- 2SO7RR05413/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- SO7RR05415-22/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):102-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Erythrocyte Membrane/parasitology/*ultrastructure ; Humans ; Malaria/blood ; Membrane Lipids/blood ; Phospholipids/blood ; Plasmodium falciparum/*growth & development ; Spin Labels
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  • 155
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    A selective imidazobenzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol in the rat (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-05
    Description: Ethanol, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations of 20 to 100 mM, stimulates gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor-mediated uptake of 36Cl-labeled chlorine into isolated brain vesicles. One drug that acts at GABA-benzodiazepine receptors, the imidazobenzodiazepine Ro15-4513, has been found to be a potent antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake into brain vesicles, but it fails to antagonize either pentobarbital- or muscimol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake. Pretreatment of rats with Ro15-4513 blocks the anticonflict activity of low doses of ethanol (but not pentobarbital) as well as the behavioral intoxication observed with higher doses of ethanol. The effects of Ro15-4513 in antagonizing ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake and behavior are completely blocked by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists. However, other benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists fail to antagonize the actions of ethanol in vitro or in vivo, suggesting a novel interaction of Ro15-4513 with the GABA receptor-coupled chloride ion channel complex. The identification of a selective benzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake in vitro that blocks the anxiolytic and intoxicating actions of ethanol suggests that many of the neuropharmacologic actions of ethanol may be mediated via central GABA receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzdak, P D -- Glowa, J R -- Crawley, J N -- Schwartz, R D -- Skolnick, P -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 5;234(4781):1243-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3022383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/drug effects ; Azides/*pharmacology ; Benzodiazepines/*pharmacology ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Ethanol/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Flumazenil/pharmacology ; Male ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects ; Synaptosomes/drug effects
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  • 156
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    Expression and cell type--specific processing of human preproenkephalin with a vaccinia recombinant (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-27
    Description: The posttranslational maturation of a complex precursor polyprotein, human proenkephalin, was assessed by infection of a wide spectrum of cell types with a recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed human proenkephalin. The infected cells rapidly produced both cellular and secreted Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity. Although each cell line could secrete intact proenkephalin, only a mouse pituitary line was capable of processing proenkephalin to mature enkephalin peptides. The quantity of intact proenkephalin secreted from BSC-40 cells (derived from African Green monkey kidney) was sufficient to establish the value of vaccinia virus as a mammalian cell expression vector.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, G -- Herbert, E -- Hruby, D E -- 7 RO1 DA04154-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 27;232(4758):1641-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3754979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Enkephalin, Methionine/biosynthesis ; Enkephalins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mice ; Protein Precursors/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Vaccinia virus/*genetics
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  • 157
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    Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: Cachectin (tumor necrosis factor), a protein produced in large quantities by endotoxin-activated macrophages, has been implicated as an important mediator of the lethal effect of endotoxin. Recombinant human cachectin was infused into rats in an effort to determine whether cachectin, by itself, can elicit the derangements of host physiology caused by administration of endotoxin. When administered in quantities similar to those produced endogenously in response to endotoxin, cachectin causes hypotension, metabolic acidosis, hemoconcentration, and death within minutes to hours, as a result of respiratory arrest. Hyperglycemia and hyperkalemia were also observed after infusion. At necropsy, diffuse pulmonary inflammation and hemorrhage were apparent on gross and histopathologic examination, along with ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, and acute renal tubular necrosis. Thus, it appears that a single protein mediator (cachectin) is capable of inducing many of the deleterious effects of endotoxin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tracey, K J -- Beutler, B -- Lowry, S F -- Merryweather, J -- Wolpe, S -- Milsark, I W -- Hariri, R J -- Fahey, T J 3rd -- Zentella, A -- Albert, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):470-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Endotoxins/toxicity ; Female ; Glycoproteins/*toxicity ; Humans ; Potassium/blood ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins ; Shock/*chemically induced/pathology/physiopathology ; Sodium/blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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  • 158
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    Central projections of identified, unmyelinated (C) afferent fibers innervating mammalian skin (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-17
    Description: Unmyelinated (C) fibers are the most numerous sensory elements of mammalian peripheral nerve and comprise many of those responsible for initiating pain and temperature reactions; however, direct evidence has been lacking as to where and how these fibers terminate in the central nervous system. A plant lectin (Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin) was applied intracellularly by iontophoresis as an immunocytochemical marker. This permitted visualization of the central terminations of cutaneous C sensory fibers that had been identified by the nature of stimuli that excited them. The central branch of C-fiber units arborized and terminated mainly in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn in defined patterns that related to their functional attributes. Thus, the superficial dorsal horn seems to act as a processing station for signals from fine sensory fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugiura, Y -- Lee, C L -- Perl, E R -- NS 10321/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 14899/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 17;234(4774):358-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3764416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Lectins ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Nerve Endings/physiology ; Nerve Fibers/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Nociceptors/physiology ; Skin/*innervation
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    EPA proposal on alachlor nears (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 12;233(4769):1143-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetamides/*adverse effects ; Animals ; *Government Agencies ; Herbicides/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Rats ; United States ; *United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 160
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    Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor in the brain (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wehrenberg, W B -- Ehlers, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1271-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3085220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arousal/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects ; Electroencephalography ; Growth Hormone/blood ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 161
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    Gap junctional conductance and permeability are linearly related (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-24
    Description: The permeability of gap junctions to tetraethylammonium ions was measured in isolated pairs of blastomeres from Rana pipiens L. and compared to the junctional conductance. In this system, the junctional conductance is voltage-dependent and decreases with moderate transjunctional voltage of either sign. The permeability to tetraethylammonium ions was determined by injecting one cell of a pair with tetraethylammonium and monitoring its changing concentration in the prejunctional and postjunctional cells with ion-selective electrodes. Junctional conductance was determined by current-clamp and voltage-clamp techniques. For different cell pairs in which the transjunctional voltage was small and the junctional conductance at its maximum value, the permeability to tetraethylammonium ions was proportional to the junctional conductance. In individual cell pairs, a reduction in the junctional conductance induced by voltage was accompanied by a proportional reduction in the permeability of the gap junction over a wide range. The diameter of the tetraethylammonium ion (8.0 to 8.5 A, unhydrated) is larger than that of the potassium ion (4.6 A, hydrated), the predominant current-carrying species. The proportionality between the permeability to tetraethylammonium ions and the junctional conductance, measured here with exceptionally fine time resolution, indicates that a common gap junctional pathway mediates both electrical and chemical fluxes between cells, and that closure of single gap junction channels by voltage is all or none.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verselis, V -- White, R L -- Spray, D C -- Bennett, M V -- HD 04248/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 07512/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 16524/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):461-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3489990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastomeres/*physiology ; Cell Communication ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Intercellular Junctions/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Rana pipiens ; Tetraethylammonium ; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/physiology
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  • 162
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    A blood vessel model constructed from collagen and cultured vascular cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: A model of a blood vessel was constructed in vitro. Its multilayered structure resembled that of an artery and it withstood physiological pressures. Electron microscopy showed that the endothelial cells lining the lumen and the smooth muscle cells in the wall were healthy and well differentiated. The lining of endothelial cells functioned physically, as a permeability barrier, and biosynthetically, producing von Willebrand's factor and prostacyclin. The strength of the model depended on its multiple layers of collagen integrated with a Dacron mesh.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberg, C B -- Bell, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):397-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2934816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/anatomy & histology/cytology ; Blood Vessels/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen/*physiology ; Endothelium/anatomy & histology/cytology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/anatomy & histology/cytology ; Polyethylene Terephthalates
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  • 163
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    Male-killing bacteria in a parasitic wasp (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: A rod-shaped bacterium has been isolated that kills male eggs of the wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a pupal parasite of flies. Only some wasps of this species express this son-killer trait, and these wasps have bacterial infections in various organs. The bacterium was isolated from son-killer wasp tissue and from the hemolymph of fly pupae parasitized by wasps expressing the son-killer trait. Bacteria are apparently transferred to parasitized fly pupae during wasp oviposition, and developing wasp offspring are subsequently infected perorally. Sex-ratio distortion by microorganisms is found in a variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait is in contrast to the typical pattern of cytoplasmic inheritance of sex-ratio distortion in these other systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werren, J H -- Skinner, S W -- Huger, A M -- 5 T32 6MO7131/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):990-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; Female ; Hemolymph/microbiology ; Hymenoptera/*microbiology ; Male ; Ovum/microbiology ; Sex Factors ; Wasps/*microbiology
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  • 164
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    Isolation and sequence of L3T4 complementary DNA clones: expression in T cells and brain (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: T lymphocytes express on their surface not only a specific receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex proteins, but also a number of additional glycoproteins that are thought to play accessory roles in the processes of recognition and signal transduction. L3T4 is one such T-cell surface protein that is expressed on most mouse thymocytes and on mature mouse T cells that recognize class II (Ia) major histocompatibility complex proteins. Such cells are predominantly of the helper/inducer phenotype. In this study, complementary DNA clones encoding L3T4 were isolated and sequenced. The predicted protein sequence shows that L3T4 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. It is encoded by a single gene that does not require rearrangement prior to expression. Although the protein has not previously been demonstrated on nonhematopoietic cells, two messenger RNA species specific for L3T4 are found in brain. The minor species comigrates with the L3T4 transcript in T cells, whereas the major species is 1 kilobase smaller.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tourvieille, B -- Gorman, S D -- Field, E H -- Hunkapiller, T -- Parnes, J R -- 1 F32 CA07877-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- AI11313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM34991/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):610-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3094146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; Antigens, Surface/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 165
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    An early event in the interferon-induced transmembrane signaling process (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-17
    Description: Human interferon stimulates a transient two- to threefold increase in the concentration of diacylglycerol and inositol tris-phosphate within 15 to 30 seconds of cell exposure to interferon. Antibodies to interferon inhibit this effect. The stimulation was measurable in isolated cell membranes exposed to interferon. Human alpha and beta, but not gamma, interferon stimulate this increase in cells containing the appropriate interferon receptor. The effect was proportional to the number of interferon receptors. Both the diacylglycerol increase and antiviral effects induced by interferon could be correlated in terms of dose dependence. Thus, a transient diacylglycerol increase is an early event in the interferon-induced transmembrane signaling process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yap, W H -- Teo, T S -- Tan, Y H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 17;234(4774):355-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2429366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Diglycerides/analysis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblasts/analysis/drug effects ; Humans ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ; Inositol Phosphates/analysis ; Interferon Type I/pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Interferons/*pharmacology/physiology ; Mice ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Receptors, Interferon
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  • 166
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    Diverse gene expression for isotypes of murine serum amyloid A protein during acute phase reaction (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-11
    Description: Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) is a precursor for a major component of amyloid fibrils, which, upon deposition, cause secondary amyloidosis in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In mice, SAA is encoded by at least three genes, which show diverse expression during inflammation. Furthermore, in amyloidosis-resistant SJL mice, the gene expression for one SAA isotype, SAA2, is defective, although SAA2 gene expression is normal in amyloidosis-susceptible BALB/c mice. Because only SAA2-derived products deposit in mouse amyloid tissues, the resistance of SJL mice to amyloidosis seems to be due to defective SAA2 gene expression. Thus, the study emphasizes the importance of SAA gene structure in determining susceptibility to amyloidosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamamoto, K -- Shiroo, M -- Migita, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):227-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3456645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/*genetics ; Amyloidosis/*genetics ; Animals ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Serum Amyloid A Protein/*genetics
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  • 167
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    The intervening sequence RNA of Tetrahymena is an enzyme (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-31
    Description: A shortened form of the self-splicing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) intervening sequence of Tetrahymena thermophila acts as an enzyme in vitro. The enzyme catalyzes the cleavage and rejoining of oligonucleotide substrates in a sequence-dependent manner with Km = 42 microM and kcat = 2 min-1. The reaction mechanism resembles that of rRNA precursor self-splicing. With pentacytidylic acid as the substrate, successive cleavage and rejoining reactions lead to the synthesis of polycytidylic acid. Thus, the RNA molecule can act as an RNA polymerase, differing from the protein enzyme in that it uses an internal rather than an external template. At pH 9, the same RNA enzyme has activity as a sequence-specific ribonuclease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaug, A J -- Cech, T R -- GM28039/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 31;231(4737):470-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; *DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ; Kinetics ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics/metabolism ; Tetrahymena/*genetics
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  • 168
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    The ninth component of complement and the pore-forming protein (perforin 1) from cytotoxic T cells: structural, immunological, and functional similarities (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: The ninth component of complement (C9) and the pore-forming protein (PFP or perforin) from cytotoxic T lymphocytes polymerize to tubular lesions having an internal diameter of 100 A and 160 A, respectively, when bound to lipid bilayers. Polymerized C9, assembled by slow spontaneous or rapid Zn2+-induced polymerization, and polyperforin, which is assembled only in the presence of Ca2+, constitute large aqueous pores that are stable, nonselective for solutes, and insensitive to changes of membrane potential. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies to purified C9 and PFP show cross-reactivity, suggesting structural homology between the two molecules. The structural and functional homologies between these two killer molecules imply an active role for pore formation during cell lysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, J D -- Cohn, Z A -- Podack, E R -- AI070127/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI18525/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA3019/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):184-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2425429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centrifugation, Isopycnic ; Complement C9/*immunology/physiology ; Cross Reactions ; Humans ; Ion Channels/physiology ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Proteins/*immunology/physiology ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Perforin ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*physiology ; Zinc/physiology
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  • 169
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    Concurrent overproduction of synapses in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-11
    Description: Synapses develop concurrently and at identical rates in different layers of the visual, somatosensory, motor, and prefrontal areas of the primate cerebral cortex. This isochronic course of synaptogenesis in anatomically and functionally diverse regions indicates that the entire cerebral cortex develops as a whole and that the establishment of cell-to-cell communication in this structure may be orchestrated by a single genetic or humoral signal. This is in contrast to the traditional view of hierarchical development of the cortical regions and provides new insight into the maturation of cortical functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakic, P -- Bourgeois, J P -- Eckenhoff, M F -- Zecevic, N -- Goldman-Rakic, P S -- EY02593/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH38546/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS22807/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):232-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3952506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/growth & development/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Motor Cortex/growth & development/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/growth & development/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/growth & development/physiology
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  • 170
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    Biological extinction in earth history (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-03-28
    Description: Virtually all plant and animal species that have ever lived on the earth are extinct. For this reason alone, extinction must play an important role in the evolution of life. The five largest mass extinctions of the past 600 million years are of greatest interest, but there is also a spectrum of smaller events, many of which indicate biological systems in profound stress. Extinction may be episodic at all scales, with relatively long periods of stability alternating with short-lived extinction events. Most extinction episodes are biologically selective, and further analysis of the victims and survivors offers the greatest chance of deducing the proximal causes of extinction. A drop in sea level and climatic change are most frequently invoked to explain mass extinctions, but new theories of collisions with extraterrestrial bodies are gaining favor. Extinction may be constructive in a Darwinian sense or it may only perturb the system by eliminating those organisms that happen to be susceptible to geologically rare stresses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raup, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Mar 28;231:1528-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11542058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Earth (Planet) ; Eukaryota ; *Fossils ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Invertebrates ; Meteoroids ; Minor Planets ; *Paleontology ; Periodicity ; Reptiles
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  • 171
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    Human prion protein cDNA: molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping, and biological implications (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: A human complementary DNA whose protein product is considered to be the major component of scrapie-associated fibrils in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru, and Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome has been identified and characterized. The extensive homology of this gene sequence to the hamster PrP 27- to 30-kilodalton prion protein complementary DNA clone, and its existence as a single copy in the human genome, leads to the conclusion that this is the human prion gene. This human prion gene has been mapped to human chromosome 20, negating a direct link between the prion protein and Down's syndrome or the amyloid of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liao, Y C -- Lebo, R V -- Clawson, G A -- Smuckler, E A -- CA 21141/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 40145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- KO4 CA 01003/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):364-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 19-20 ; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/genetics/microbiology ; Cricetinae ; DNA/*analysis ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; Humans ; Prions/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/analysis
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  • 172
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    Novel serine proteases encoded by two cytotoxic T lymphocyte-specific genes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: Genes that are expressed exclusively in cytotoxic T cells should encode proteins that are essential for target cell lysis in cell-mediated immune responses. The sequences of two cytotoxic T lymphocyte-specific complementary DNA's (cDNA's) suggest that the two genes encode serine proteases. A full-length cDNA corresponding to one of the genes was isolated and sequenced. The predicted protein resembles serine proteases in that it includes all the residues that form the catalytic triad of the active site of serine proteases. Moreover, it has sequence characteristics thought to occur only in rat mast cell protease type II. These results are in accord with the view that a protease cascade plays a key role in cytotoxic T-cell activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lobe, C G -- Finlay, B B -- Paranchych, W -- Paetkau, V H -- Bleackley, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):858-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3518058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Genes ; Mice ; Serine Endopeptidases ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*metabolism
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  • 173
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    Hyperacuity in cat retinal ganglion cells (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: Cat X retinal ganglion cells that can resolve sine gratings of only 2.5 cycles per degree can nevertheless respond reliably to displacements of a grating of approximately 1 minute of arc. This is a form of hyperacuity comparable in magnitude to that seen in human vision. A theoretical analysis of this form of hyperacuity reveals it to be a result of the high gain and low noise of ganglion cells. The hyperacuity expected for the best retinal ganglion cells is substantially better than that observed in behavioral experiments. Thus the brain, rather than improving on the retinal signal-to-noise ratio by pooling signals from many ganglion cells, is unable to make use of all the hyperacuity information present in single ganglion cell responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapley, R -- Victor, J -- 1RO1-EY 5466/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- 2RO1-EY 1472/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS 877/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):999-1002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cats ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Photic Stimulation ; Retina/*physiology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology
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  • 174
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    Novel interleukin-2 receptor subunit detected by cross-linking under high-affinity conditions (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-14
    Description: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) binds to both high- and low-affinity classes of IL-2 receptors on activated T lymphocytes. Only the high-affinity receptors are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and normally transduce the mitogenic signals of IL-2; however, the structural features distinguishing the high- and low-affinity receptors are unknown. When 125I-labeled IL-2 was chemically cross-linked to activated human T lymphocytes, two major bands were identified. First, as predicted, a 68- to 72-kilodalton band, consisting of IL-2 (15.5 kilodaltons) cross-linked to the IL-2 receptor (55 kilodaltons), was observed. Second, an unpredicted 85- to 92-kilodalton moiety was detected. This band was not present when IL-2 was cross-linked to transfected C127 cells, which exclusively express low-affinity receptors. The data presented are most consistent with the existence of a 70- to 77-kilodalton glycoprotein subunit (p70) which, upon associating with the 55-kilodalton low-affinity receptor (p55), transforms it into a high-affinity site. It is proposed that p55 and p70 be referred to as the alpha and beta subunits, respectively, of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharon, M -- Klausner, R D -- Cullen, B R -- Chizzonite, R -- Leonard, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 14;234(4778):859-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3095922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cross-Linking Reagents ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Receptors, Immunologic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Succinimides ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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  • 175
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    Virus-associated cancers can be a major problem in the tropics (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):919.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*microbiology ; *Tropical Medicine
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  • 176
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    A parathyroid hormone-like protein from cultured human keratinocytes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-24
    Description: Parathyroid hormone-like factors have been found in extracts of tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, many of which are of squamous epithelial origin. Cultured, nonmalignant human keratinocytes were examined for the production of similar factors. Keratinocyte-conditioned medium from ten cultures stimulated the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in clonally derived rat osteosarcoma cells sensitive to parathyroid hormone. Bovine [Nle8,18, Tyr34]PTH-(3-34)NH2, a competitive inhibitor of parathyroid hormone, stopped the adenylate cyclase production stimulated by keratinocyte-conditioned medium, but antisera to parathyroid hormone had no effect on such adenylate cyclase activity. The active component of keratinocyte-conditioned medium has a molecular weight exceeding that of native parathyroid hormone. These characteristics are shared by the parathyroid hormone receptor agonists associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, which suggests that normal human keratinocytes may produce a factor related to that produced by malignant tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merendino, J J Jr -- Insogna, K L -- Milstone, L M -- Broadus, A E -- Stewart, A F -- AM 30102/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):388-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2417317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Epidermis/*cytology/metabolism/physiology ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Keratins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Osteosarcoma/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Rats ; Teriparatide
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Inhibition of secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen by a related presurface polypeptide (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: The presurface (preS) proteins of hepatitis B virus are structural components of the viral envelope that may play important roles in virion assembly and infectivity. They are specified by a large open reading frame that includes the coding region for the major surface (S) protein in its 3' half. Translation of the preS proteins initiates upstream from the S region, giving rise to proteins that are composed of the S domain and an additional 163 (preS1) or 55 (preS2) amino acids. Little is known about the biosynthesis and assembly of these proteins. The expression of the S and preS1 proteins was examined by transfecting cultured mammalian cells with viral DNA and injecting synthetic messenger RNA's into Xenopus oocytes. In contrast to the proteins encoded by the S region, the preS1 proteins are not detectably secreted into the culture medium. Furthermore, when the S and preS1 proteins are synthesized together, secretion of the S proteins is specifically and strongly inhibited. The results suggest a unique molecular interaction during secretion of the S and preS proteins that may be important for virus assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Persing, D H -- Varmus, H E -- Ganem, D -- AI 18782/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM07618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1388-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3787251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Viral/administration & dosage ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics/*pharmacology/*secretion ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics/pathogenicity ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Precursors/genetics/*pharmacology ; Virion/pathogenicity ; Virus Replication ; Xenopus
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  • 178
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    Two magnetoreception pathways in a migratory salamander (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-15
    Description: Male eastern red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) under controlled laboratory conditions exhibit unimodal magnetic compass orientation either in a trained compass direction or in the direction of their home pond. If the vertical component of the magnetic field is inverted, newts exhibiting the simple-compass response undergo a 180 degree reversal in orientation, whereas newts orienting in the home direction are unaffected by this treatment. These results indicate that newts use an axial compass mechanism for simple-compass orientation similar to that found in migrating birds. However, a distinct magnetoreception pathway with polar response properties is involved in homing and is possibly linked in some way to the navigational map.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, J B -- 5T32MHI5793/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-19089/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 15;233(4765):765-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3738508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Locomotion ; *Magnetics ; Male ; Salamandridae/*physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
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  • 179
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    Fine structure genetic analysis of a beta-globin promoter (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-02
    Description: A novel procedure for saturation mutagenesis of cloned DNA was used to obtain more than 100 single base substitutions within the promoter of the mouse beta-major globin gene. The effects of these promoter substitutions on transcription were determined by transfecting the cloned mutant genes into HeLa cells on plasmids containing an SV40 transcription enhancer, and measuring the levels of correctly initiated beta-globin transcripts after 2 days. Mutations in three regions of the promoter resulted in a significant decrease in the level of transcription: (i) the CACCC box, located between -87 and -95, (ii) the CCAAT box, located between -72 and -77, and (iii) the TATA box, located between -26 and -30 relative to the start site of transcription. In contrast, two different mutations in nucleotides immediately upstream from the CCAAT box resulted in a 3- to 3.5-fold increase in transcription. With two minor exceptions, single base substitutions in all other regions of the promoter had no effect on transcription. These results precisely delineate the cis-acting sequences required for accurate and efficient initiation of beta-globin transcription, and they establish a general approach for the fine structure genetic analysis of eukaryotic regulatory sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R M -- Tilly, K -- Maniatis, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 2;232(4750):613-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3457470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering ; Globins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 180
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    Molecular genetics of inherited variation in human color vision (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-11
    Description: The hypothesis that red-green "color blindness" is caused by alterations in the genes encoding red and green visual pigments has been tested and shown to be correct. Genomic DNA's from 25 males with various red-green color vision deficiencies were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with the cloned red and green pigment genes as probes. The observed genotypes appear to result from unequal recombination or gene conversion (or both). Together with chromosome mapping experiments, these data identify each of the cloned human visual pigment genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathans, J -- Piantanida, T P -- Eddy, R L -- Shows, T B -- Hogness, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):203-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3485310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human ; Color ; *Color Perception/physiology ; Color Vision Defects/genetics ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Frequency ; *Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Retinal Pigments/genetics ; X Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 181
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    Insulin-stimulated hydrolysis of a novel glycolipid generates modulators of cAMP phosphodiesterase (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-29
    Description: Insulin action may involve the intracellular generation of low molecular weight substances that modulate certain key enzymes. The production of two substances that regulate the activity of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase was evaluated in cultured myocytes by incorporation of radiolabeled precursors. Insulin caused the rapid hydrolysis of a chemically undefined membrane glycolipid, resulting in the production of two related complex carbohydrates as well as diacylglycerol. Both the glycolipid precursor and the aqueous products were monitored by labeling with radioactive inositol and glucosamine. Depletion of the labeled precursor and the appearance of labeled water-soluble products and diacylglycerol occurred within 30 seconds after hormone treatment and was followed by rapid resynthesis of the precursor. The aqueous products that were radioactively labeled appeared chromatographically and electrophoretically identical to phosphodiesterase modulating activities produced by insulin from the same cells. The purified radiolabeled and bioactive substances had similar chemical properties. Hydrolysis of the glycolipid precursor and subsequent generation of products could be reproduced by incubation of extracted lipids with a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. These studies suggest that insulin stimulates an endogenous, selective phospholipase C activity that hydrolyzes a novel glycolipid, resulting in the generation of a complex carbohydrate-phosphate substance containing inositol and glucosamine that may mediate some of the actions of the hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saltiel, A R -- Fox, J A -- Sherline, P -- Cuatrecasas, P -- AM33804/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI07185/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 29;233(4767):967-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3016898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Glucosamine/metabolism ; Glycolipids/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Inositol/metabolism ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase ; Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology
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  • 182
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    Expression cloning of a lymphocyte homing receptor cDNA: ubiquitin is the reactive species (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-21
    Description: The lymphocyte cell surface receptor for the high endothelial venules (HEV's) of peripheral lymph nodes is specifically recognized by the monoclonal antibody MEL-14. Three independent complementary DNA (cDNA) clones, each of which encodes the protein ubiquitin, were detected by virtue of the expression of the MEL-14 antigenic determinant on cDNA-beta-galactosidase bacterial fusion proteins. The antigenic determinant defined by MEL-14 resides in the carboxyl terminal 13-amino-acid proteolytic peptide of ubiquitin, but is undetected in intact undenatured ubiquitin and other cellular ubiquitinated proteins. Antisera and monoclonal antibodies to ubiquitin determinants bind to the surface of both HEV-receptor positive and negative cell lines. The MEL-14-identified cDNA clones hydridize to RNA transcripts that encode tandemly repeated ubiquitins. Sequence analysis of these polyubiquitin cDNA's does not identify a leader sequence for export to the cell surface. The expression of the MEL-14 epitope of ubiquitin depends upon its local environment. The steady-state levels of expression of the ubiquitin messenger RNA's do not correlate with either the tissue derivation of the RNA or the expression of the lymphocyte HEV receptor. Regulation of the expression of the HEV receptor is not likely to reflect the transcriptional control of ubiquitin genes, but rather to reflect control of the expression of the HEV core polypeptide or its level or form of ubiquitination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉St John, T -- Gallatin, W M -- Siegelman, M -- Smith, H T -- Fried, V A -- Weissman, I L -- AI19512/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 09151/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 31461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 21;231(4740):845-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endothelium/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; High Mobility Group Proteins/*genetics ; Lymphatic System/metabolism ; Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Mice ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/*genetics/immunology/metabolism
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  • 183
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    Interleukin-2 induction of T-cell G1 progression and c-myb expression (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: In studies to determine the biochemical mechanisms responsible for cell proliferation, synchronized T cells were used as a model for cellular growth control. By metabolic and morphologic criteria, it was found that activation of the T-cell antigen receptor rendered the cells responsive to interleukin-2 (IL-2), but did not move them through the cell cycle. Instead, IL-2 stimulated G1 progression to S phase, or lymphocyte "blastic transformation." During IL-2-promoted G1 progression, expression of the cellular proto-oncogene c-myb was induced transiently at six to seven times basal levels, maximal levels occurring at the midpoint of G1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, J B -- Smith, K A -- CA 09367/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-17643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):203-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3523754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis ; *Proto-Oncogenes/drug effects ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*growth & development
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  • 184
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    Trypanosoma cruzi infection inhibited by peptides modeled from a fibronectin cell attachment domain (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-31
    Description: The mechanism by which Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' disease, becomes attached to mammalian cells is not well understood. Fibronectin is thought to participate in the attachment, and in this study the region of fibronectin that interacts with the surface receptors of T. cruzi trypomastigotes was investigated by testing the binding of the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, corresponding to the cell attachment site of fibronectin to T. cruzi trypomastigotes. Peptides with the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, but not Arg-Phe-Asp-Ser, Arg-Phe-Asp-Ser-Ala-Ala-Arg-Phe-Asp, Ser-Lys-Pro, Glu-Ser-Gly, or Ala-Lys-Thr-Lys-Pro, bound to the parasite surface and inhibited cell invasion by the pathogen. Monoclonal antibodies to the cell attachment domain of fibronectin also inhibited cell infection by the parasite. The immunization of BALB/c mice with tetanus toxoid-conjugated peptide induced a significant protection against T. cruzi. The data support the notion that the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser of cell surface fibronectin acts as a recognition site for attachment of the parasites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ouaissi, M A -- Cornette, J -- Afchain, D -- Capron, A -- Gras-Masse, H -- Tartar, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):603-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3094145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Chagas Disease/parasitology/*prevention & control ; Fibronectins/immunology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Peptides/*therapeutic use ; Trypanocidal Agents/*therapeutic use ; Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects
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  • 185
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    Protein modification by amino acid addition is increased in crushed sciatic but not optic nerves (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: Rat optic and sciatic nerves were crushed, and 10 minutes to 3 days later nerve segments between the crushed site and the cell body were removed and assayed for posttranslational protein modification by amino acid addition. Protein modification was comparable in intact optic and sciatic nerves, but in sciatic nerves increased to 1.6 times control levels 10 minutes after crushing and reached a maximum of ten times control levels by 2 hours. In optic nerves activity was decreased throughout the time course studied. The results indicate that, in a nerve which is capable of regeneration (sciatic), protein modification by the addition of amino acids increases immediately after injury, but a nerve incapable of regeneration (optic) is incapable of activating the modification reaction. These findings may be important in understanding the reasons for the lack of a regenerative response after injury to central mammalian nerves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shyne-Athwal, S -- Riccio, R V -- Chakraborty, G -- Ingoglia, N A -- NS19148/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3080804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/metabolism ; Decapodiformes ; Goldfish ; Leucine/metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Nerve Regeneration ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Optic Nerve/*metabolism/physiology ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve/injuries/*metabolism/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 186
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    NIH plans probe on test of altered virus (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 16;232(4752):821-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pseudorabies/immunology/*prevention & control ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*prevention & control ; United States ; Viral Vaccines/*therapeutic use
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    USDA suspends license for engineered vaccine (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):446.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3457469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Federal Government ; *Genetic Engineering ; Government Agencies ; *Government Regulation ; United States ; *Vaccines
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  • 188
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    Human T-cell gamma chain genes: organization, diversity, and rearrangement (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-01-17
    Description: The human T-cell gamma chain genes have been characterized in an attempt to better understand their role in immune response. These immunoglobulin-like genes are encoded in the genome in variable, joining, and constant segments. The human gamma genes include at least six variable region genes, two joining segments, and two constant-region genes in germline DNA. Variable and joining segments recombine during the development of T cells to form rearranged genes. The diversity of human gamma genes produced by this recombinational mechanism is greater than that produced by the murine genome but is more limited than that of other immunoglobulin-like genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quertermous, T -- Murre, C -- Dialynas, D -- Duby, A D -- Strominger, J L -- Waldman, T A -- Seidman, J G -- AI-15669/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AM-30241/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- T32-HL-07208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 17;231(4735):252-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3079918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/genetics ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin J-Chains/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains/genetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
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  • 189
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    Bioavailability of dioxin in soil from a 2,4,5-T manufacturing site (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD) is a highly toxic contaminant produced in the manufacture of phenoxy herbicides. Despite its high TCDD content, soil from a contaminated area associated with a 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) manufacturing site in Newark, New Jersey, did not induce acute toxicity when administered to guinea pigs (the most sensitive species) by gavage. Analysis of liver samples demonstrated low bioavailability of TCDD from this soil. A comparative analysis of soils showed that Soxhlet extraction was necessary for the determination of TCDD on Newark soil, whereas solvent extraction was sufficient for soil from Times Beach, Missouri. The difference in the bioavailability of TCDD from these soils is correlated with TCDD extractability and may be related to the different compositions of the soils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Umbreit, T H -- Hesse, E J -- Gallo, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):497-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Benzofurans/analysis ; Biological Availability ; *Chemical Industry ; Dioxins/analysis/*metabolism ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; New Jersey ; Soil/analysis ; *Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis/*metabolism/toxicity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 190
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    Functional differences between two classes of sodium channels in developing rat skeletal muscle (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: Excitability is generated in developing skeletal muscle by the incorporation of sodium-selective ion channels into the surface membrane. Whole-cell and patch voltage-clamp recording from myotubes and their embryologic precursors, myoblasts, indicated that voltage-activated sodium current in myoblasts was more resistant to block by tetrodotoxin (TTX) than that in myotubes. Single-channel recording from both cell types showed two classes of sodium channels. One class had a lower single-channel conductance, activated at more hyperpolarized voltages, and was more resistant to TTX than the other. The proportion of TTX-resistant to TTX-sensitive sodium channels was higher in myoblasts than in myotubes. Thus, the difference in TTX sensitivity between myoblasts and myotubes can be explained by a difference in the proportion of the two classes of sodium channels. In addition, the lower conductance of TTX-resistant channels provides insight into the relationship between the TTX binding site and the external mouth of the sodium channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, R E -- Horn, R -- NS 00703/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 18608/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):361-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2425432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Stimulation ; Ion Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; *Muscle Development ; Muscles/metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 191
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    A physiological role of epidermal growth factor in male reproductive function (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-29
    Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the proliferation of various mammalian cells in culture, but its physiological role is not well defined. In mature male mice, large amounts of EGF are produced in the submandibular gland; it is present in the circulation at approximately 5 nanograms of EGF per milliliter of plasma. Sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) decreased the amount of circulating EGF to an undetectable level but did not affect the circulating levels of testosterone or follicle-stimulating hormone. The number of mature sperm in the epididymis decreased by as much as 55 percent; the number of spermatids in the testis decreased by 40 to 50 percent; and the number of spermatocytes increased by about 20 percent. Administration of EGF to sialoadenectomized mice restored both the sperm content of the epididymis and the number of spermatids in the testis to normal. Thus, EGF may play a role in male reproductive function by stimulating the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsutsumi, O -- Kurachi, H -- Oka, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 29;233(4767):975-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3090686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology/*physiology ; Epididymis/drug effects/physiology ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/physiology ; Genitalia, Male/*physiology ; Luteinizing Hormone/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Sexual Maturation ; Sperm Count/drug effects ; Spermatogenesis/drug effects ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Submandibular Gland/physiology ; Testis/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 192
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    Putative reverse transcriptase intermediates of human hepatitis B virus in primary liver carcinomas (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: Nucleocapsid-pol fusion proteins have been detected by serological screening hepatocellular carcinoma tissues that contain hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. The existence of these fusion proteins suggests that HBV may synthesize its reverse transcriptase in a fashion analogous to the way that retroviruses synthesize and process a precursor. The accumulation of HBV reverse transcriptase intermediates in tumorous tissues and not in other tissues may be related to the absence of viral core particles and possibly contributes to tumor development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Will, H -- Salfeld, J -- Pfaff, E -- Manso, C -- Theilmann, L -- Schaler, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):594-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2418501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics/*microbiology ; DNA, Neoplasm/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B e Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/*genetics ; Humans ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics/*microbiology ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*genetics ; Rabbits/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 193
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    Measurement of single channel currents from cardiac gap junctions (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-29
    Description: Cardiac gap junctions consist of arrays of integral membrane proteins joined across the intercellular cleft at points of cell-to-cell contact. These junctional proteins are thought to form pores through which ions can diffuse from cytosol to cytosol. By monitoring whole-cell currents in pairs of embryonic heart cells with two independent patch-clamp circuits, the properties of single gap junction channels have been investigated. These channels had a conductance of about 165 picosiemens and underwent spontaneous openings and closings that were independent of voltage. Channel activity and macroscopic junctional conductance were both decreased by the uncoupling agent 1-octanol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veenstra, R D -- DeHaan, R L -- HL-06909/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-27385/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 29;233(4767):972-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2426781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Electric Conductivity ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/embryology ; Intercellular Junctions/*physiology ; Ion Channels/*cytology ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 194
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    Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA comparisons reveal extreme rate variation in the molecular clock (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-10
    Description: The discovery that the rate of evolution of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA is rapid, compared to the rate for vertebrate nuclear DNA, has resulted in its widespread use in evolutionary studies. Comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA divergences among echinoid and vertebrate taxa of similar ages indicates that the rapid rate of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA evolution is, in part, an artifact of a widely divergent rate of nuclear DNA evolution. This disparity in relative rates of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA divergence suggests that the controls and constraints under which the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes operate are evolving independently, and provides evidence that is independent of fossil dating for a robust rejection of a generalized molecular clock hypothesis of DNA evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vawter, L -- Brown, W M -- GM30144/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR07050/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 10;234(4773):194-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; *Dna ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; *DNA, Mitochondrial ; Humans ; Primates/genetics ; Sea Urchins/*genetics ; Species Specificity
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  • 195
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    The structure, function, and expression of interleukin-2 receptors on normal and malignant lymphocytes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: Antigen or mitogen-induced activation of resting T cells induces the synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) as well as the expression of specific cell surface receptors for this lymphokine. Failure of the production of either IL-2 or its receptor results in a failure of the T-cell immune response. The receptor is composed of a 33,000-dalton (251-amino acid) peptide precursor that is post-translationally glycosylated into the mature 55,000-dalton form. In contrast to resting T cells, human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I (HTLV-I)-associated adult T-cell leukemia cells constitutively express large numbers of IL-2 receptors. Because IL-2 receptors are present on the malignant T cells but not on normal resting cells, clinical trials have been initiated in which patients with adult T-cell leukemia are treated with a monoclonal antibody that binds to the IL-2 receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldmann, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):727-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Deltaretrovirus/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/physiology ; Leukemia/*immunology/therapy ; Lymphocytes/microbiology/*physiology ; Mice/immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology
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  • 196
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    Occurrence of peptide and clavine ergot alkaloids in tall fescue grass (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-25
    Description: Evidence is presented that ergot alkaloids are ubiquitous in tall fescue pastures infected with the clavicipitaceous fungal endophyte Sphacelia typhina (or Acremonium coenophialum). Ergopeptide alkaloids, predominantly ergovaline, constituted 10 to 50 percent of the total ergot alkaloid concentration, which was as high as 14 milligrams per kilogram in sheaths and 1.5 milligrams per kilogram in blades. Ergot alkaloid concentrations were substantially increased by application of large amounts (10 millimoles per liter) of potassium nitrate or ammonium chloride to infected plants in the greenhouse. The results indicate that ergot alkaloids are probably responsible for the toxicity to cattle of this common pasture and lawn grass and that ergotism-like toxicoses may be caused by clavicipitaceous fungi other than Claviceps.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyons, P C -- Plattner, R D -- Bacon, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 25;232(4749):487-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3008328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonium Chloride ; Animals ; Cattle ; Claviceps ; Ergot Alkaloids/*analysis/isolation & purification ; Ergotamines/analysis ; Ergotism/veterinary ; Fertilizers ; Georgia ; Nitrates ; Poaceae/*analysis/microbiology ; *Potassium Compounds
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  • 197
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    Immune system theories on trial (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1490-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3787255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldicarb/adverse effects ; Animals ; Dioxins/adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases/*chemically induced ; *Jurisprudence
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  • 198
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    Yellow rain evidence slowly whittled away (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 4;233(4759):18-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3715471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia, Southeastern ; Bees ; *Chemical Warfare ; Feces ; Humans ; Ussr ; United States
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  • 199
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    Visual pigment homologies revealed by DNA hybridization (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-06-06
    Description: A bovine rhodopsin complementary DNA probe was used to detect homologous visual pigment genes in a variety of species. Under stringent DNA hybridization conditions, genomic DNA from most vertebrate species carried a single homologous fragment. Additional homologies were detected in some vertebrates by reducing the hybridization stringency. Homologous fragments were also detected in DNA isolated from invertebrate species, a unicellular alga, and an archaebacterium; many of these fragments were homologous to a Drosophila opsin probe. These results suggest that photosensory pigments in a wide variety of species arose from a common precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, R L -- Wood, C -- Baehr, W -- Applebury, M L -- EY04801/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY07008/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1266-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3010467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Chickens ; Dna ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Drosophila ; Eye Proteins/*genetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plants ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics ; Rhodopsin/genetics ; Rod Opsins ; *Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Sheep
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  • 200
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    The yin and yang of cell growth control (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 30;232(4754):1093-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3458306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Division/drug effects ; Cricetinae ; Glycoproteins/pharmacology ; Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesocricetus ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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