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  • Artikel  (80)
  • barley  (26)
  • phosphorus  (20)
  • Nodulation  (18)
  • lutte biologique
  • Springer  (80)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (80)
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  • 1950-1954
  • 1987  (52)
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  • Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft  (80)
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  • Springer  (80)
  • American Meteorological Society
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  • 1995-1999
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The variation of element contents in triticale during vegetative growth (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 13 (1987), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): triticale ; contents of nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; calcium ; magnesium ; trace elements ; heavy metals ; stage of growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Schwankungen in den Konzentration von N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Sn, Sr, Sb, Ti, Te, V, Se, As und Hg in Triticale unter Feldbedingungen untersucht. Von der Bestockung bis zur Vollreife wurden alle 10 Tage von je 0.5 m2 pro Parzelle Pflanzenproben genommen. In allgemeinen haben die Konzentrationen von Frühjar bis zur Ernte abgenommen. Der elementengehalt in Triticale war demjenigen der übrigen Getreidearten verschieden, aber der Trend der Änderungen war ähnlich.
    Notizen: Abstract The variation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Sn, Sr, Sb, Ti, Te, V, Se, As and Hg concentrations was studied under field conditions in triticale. The samples were collected every 10 days from tillering to full ripening stage using plant material from 0.5 m2 per plot. The concentrations generally decreased from early growth to harvest. The elemental concentrations in triticale differed from the other cereals, but the variation's trend was similar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064828
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and soil and crop residues management practices on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in ultisol of eastern Cameroon (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 14 (1987), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil and crop residues management practices ; maize yield ; Plinthudult ; Cameroon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The shortening of fallow period in several areas in tropical Africa has reduced soil fertility and exposed soils to erosion and run-off. Fertilizer application and crop conservation practices are needeed to sustain high crop yield and to conserve the natural resource base for upland crop production in the continent. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of fertilizer application and soil and crop residues management practices on yield of maize (Zea mays L.) planted on a Plinthudult soil at Bertoua, Eastern Cameroon. Maize yields increased significantly with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application. Under the rainfall pattern prevailing in the area, the amount of nitrogen required for maximum yield was higher in the second season. On the other hand, the amount of phosphorus required for maximum yield appeared to decrease with time. The burning of crop residues and weeds prior to planting together with no-till practive gave higher yield of maize than other soil and crop residues management practices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066606
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of P fertilizer on alleviating chloride toxicity in wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 6 (1985), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Chloride ; phosphorus ; salinity ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A pot study with four levels each P (control, 6.5, 13.0, 19.5 mg kg−1) and Cl− in irrigation water (control, 30, 60, 90me l−1) was carried out to test Cl− and P interaction on wheat. It has been found that optimum P nutrition alleviates the toxic effect of excess Cl−. Highest P rate resulted in a significant yield increase upto a Cl− level of 60me l−1. Cl− depressed P content in the plant only at a Cl− level of 90me l−1, while P rates had no major impact on the Cl− concentration in the plant. Lower Cl− concentration at higher P rates are rather a dilution effect than an antagonistic one. With optimum P supply higher Cl− contents in the plants were tolerated than with a low P supply.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051011
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tracking phosphorus patterns in mango (Mangifera indica L) and possible relations to floral induction (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 6 (1985), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): bark ; floral induction ; leaves ; mango ; phosphorus ; shoots ; stems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Phosphorus concentration was tracked in four types of mango shoots. The mean phosphorus concentration was highest in laterals existing on shoots which had either flowered or fruited in the preceding season, followed by young flush arising in July, laterals existing on shoots which did not flower or fruit in the preceding season and shoots which did not flower or fruit in the preceding season and having further extension of growth. A higher percentage of floral induction was noted in the laterals on shoots which had either flowered or fruited in the preceding season. The study clearly showed the association of availability of phosphorus with floral induction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048797
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties to fertilizers: Yield and yield components as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus application (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 6 (1985), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): nitrogen ; okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) ; phosphorus ; yield ; yield components
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The response of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties (‘White velvet’ and ‘NHAE 47-4’) to fertilization in northern Nigeria was examined using four rates of nitrogen (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha−1) and three rates of phosphorus (0, 13 and 26 kg ha−1). Nitrogen application significantly increased green pod yield, pod diameter, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per pod and pod weight. Application of phosphorus also significantly increased green pod yield, pod number and number of seeds per pod. The two varieties responded to nitrogen application differentially with respect to green pod yield. For optimum green pod yield of ‘White velvet’ 35 kg N ha−1 is suggested while for variety ‘NHAE 47-4’, N fertilization can be increased to 70 kg ha−1. There was no differential response of varieties to phosphorus fertilization for green pod yield; however, the application of 13 kg ha−1 enhanced the performance of both varieties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048799
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A conceptual model for initial and residual responses to phosphorus fertilizers (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 6 (1985), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): modelling ; phosphorus ; residual value
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A model is formulated to describe the amount of effective phosphorus in soil. For a source that is immediately fully effective only three parameters are required — the amount of effective phosphorus initially present, the proportion of phosphorus remaining effective after each year, and a parameter which determines the lower limit for the amount of effective phosphorus. An extension of the model to sources that release their phosphorus slowly requires one further parameter — the fraction of such phosphorus released each year. The effective phosphorus in soil is then related to yield using the Mitscherlich equation. The model gave a good description of the growth response ofStylosanthes humilis to superphosphate and calcined Christmas Island C-grade phosphate (CCICP) over three years on a red earth at Katherine, N.T. Furthermore, it enabled a quantitative assessment to be made of the residual value of the CCICP that was not achieved in an earlier analysis of the data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051007
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of two unusual high analysis compounds as fertilizers, including possible slow release features (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 11 (1987), S. 25-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): fertilizer ; high analysis nutrient compounds ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; Rhodes grass ; slow-release ; sulphur ; Townsville stylo
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The fertilizer potential of two unusual N-P compounds with cage structures was evaluated in pot experiments where plants were repetitively cut over 400 days. One of the compounds, hexamethyl-hexaaza-tetraphosphaadamantane (APA), having 41.6% P and 28.2% N, showed high fertilizer capability. After more than 400 days, dry matter yield of Rhodes grass given APA was 83–102% of that given conventional N-P sources, and yield of Townsville stylo 60–70%. Curves for N and P uptakes over time were of sigmoidal form, with the steepest parts between days 40 and 120, suggesting a slow-release feature. However growth was depressed up to day 40, presumably by some toxic factor associated with the decomposition of the APA. This toxicity was avoided if some conventional fertilizer was applied with the APA. The other compound, the tetrasulphide of APA (APAS) had only limited fertilizer potential. Plants did absorb P and S at least from this compound, but Townsville stylo yield was only 32–38% of that with conventional fertilizers, and Rhodes grass yield not much greater than from control pots. The possible slow-release feature, and the toxic effect, did not occur with APAS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049562
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Critical levels of Mn in coarse textured rice soils in India for predicting response of barley to Mn application (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 11 (1987), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): critical levels of Mn ; coarse textured rice soils ; Mn deficiency ; barley
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Green house studies of 20 soils, having a range in DTPA extractable Mn, were made to determine the critical deficiency level of Mn for predicting response of barley to Mn application. Soil Mn was significantly related with both Bray's per cent dry matter yeild (r = 0.70**) and Mn uptake (r = 0.65**). Soil application of 25 mg Mn kg−1 soil significantly increased yield. Both graphical and statistical models of Cate and Nelson indicated the critical level to be 2.05 mg kg−1 soil of DTPA extractable Mn. The critical Mn deficiency level in 45 day barley plants was 18.6 mg kg−1 dry matter. The predictability of soil and plant critical Mn level was 91 and 80 per cent respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049564
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zinc and phosphorus interaction in a wheat-maize cropping system (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 13 (1987), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): zinc ; phosphorus ; interactions ; limed ; unlimed
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract To study the interaction effect of Zn and P in a wheat-maize cropping system, a field experiment was conducted at the H.P. Agricultural University Research Station, Palampur (India). Zinc was applied as ZnSO4·7H2O at the rate of 0, 20 and 40 kg per ha and P as superphosphate at the rate of 0, 60 and 120 kg per ha. The direct Zn-P interaction effect was investigated on wheat (S—308) and its residual effect on maize (early composite). Added Zn did not increase the grain and straw yield of wheat when P was not applied, but when P was applied, 20 kg per ha added Zn responded significantly. Contrary to this, in maize, only 20 kg per ha added Zn responded significantly when P was not applied, but when P was applied, even 40 kg per ha Zn increased the grain and straw yield of maize. The grain and straw yield of wheat and maize were higher under limed than under unlimed conditions. The concentration of Zn increased with the application of Zn and decreased with the application of P. The concentration of Zn was comparatively higher in grain than in straw of wheat and maize. The P concentration in wheat and maize plants decreased with the increasing levels of applied Zn. The concentrations of Zn were lower under limed than under unlimed condition, whereas the reverse was true for P concentrations. The respective absorption of Zn and P in wheat was 9.7 and 7.3 per cent upto tillering, 47.9 and 49.4 per cent between tillering and flowering, and 42.3 and 43.3 per cent between flowering and maturity. The corresponding absorption of Zn and P in maize was 11.7 and 9.4, 59.9 and 52.1, and 29.3 and 38.5 per cent before booting stage, between booting and tasseling stage and between tasseling and maturity stage, respectively. At maturity, about 53.1 and 13.0 per cent of the Zn and P taken up were retained by wheat straw and 46.9 and 87.0 per cent by wheat grain. The respective values for Zn and P in maize straw and grain were 66.8 and 30.3 and 33.2 and 69.7 per cent. When more Zn was applied, less Zn was translocated to grains; when more P was added, more Zn was translocated to grains. The effects of P and Zn on P distribution at maturity were opposite to that of Zn distribution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049804
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of lime on phosphorus adsorption and barley growth in three acid soils (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): acid soils ; Al toxicity ; barley ; lime ; P adsorption ; P availability ; plant growth ; soil pH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract For three acid soils from Santa Catarina, Brazil, lime application and time of incubation with lime had little effect on the adsorption of added phosphorus. In two soils with high contents of exchangeable aluminium, solution P and isotopically exchangeable P were decreased by incubating with lime for 1 month: phosphorus was probably adsorbing on freshly precipitated aluminium hydrous oxides. In one soil with less exchangeable aluminium, P in solution was increased by liming. After 23 months lime increased solution and exchangeable P possibly due to crystallization of aluminium hydrous oxides reducing the number of sites for P adsorption. All these changes were however small. In a pot experiment, lime and phosphorus markedly increased barley shoot and root dry matter and P uptake. Although liming reduced P availability measured by solution P, isotopically exchangeable P and resin extractable P, it increased phosphorus uptake by reducing aluminium toxicity and promoting better root growth. The soil aluminium saturation was reduced by liming, but the concentration of aluminium in roots changed only slightly. The roots accumulated aluminium without apparently being damaged.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370670
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of P, K, and liming on soil pH, Al, Mn, K, and forage barley dry matter yield and quality for a newly-cleared Cryorthod (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): aluminum ; Cryorthod ; dry matter yield ; fertilization ; forage barley ; liming ; managanese ; phosphorus ; potassium ; protein ; soil pH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Forage barley dry matter yield and quality, as well as soil pH, Al, and Mn were monitored in response to P, K, and lime application on a newly cleared Typic Cryorthod (Orthid Podzol). The overall yearly yield level was affected by precipitation. Without liming soil acidification occurred after three years of production. The liming rate of 2.2 Mg.ha−1 was found optimal for maintaining initial pH levels (5.66) and increasing forage barley yields. It was also found optimum for K and P utilization for these first years of production. Soil pH dropped an average of 0.33 units over the three years on unlimed P plots and 0.46 units over 4 years on K plots. Phosphorus and K fertilization increased N utilization and resulted in decreased soil acidification. Phosphorus availability was greater in the first year of cropping than in subsequent years, this was likely due to the effects of higher available moisture, liming release of native P, and effects of initial fertilization. There was a 148% increase in total dry matter yield and an 85% increase in protein yield of forage barley with P application. Liming increased total forage barley yields an average of 69% and total protein yields 48%. Reduced barley yields in unlimed plots were due to low soil pH. After two years of cultivation, unlimed plots contained exchangeable Al and soluble Mn levels reported toxic for other soils. The higher liming rates of 4.4 and 6.6 Mg.ha−1 reduced soluble Mn to near critically low levels. soil Al and Mn were highly correlated to pH. Soil exchangeable Al, Mn, and soluble Mn along with tissue Al were inversely correlated to percentage yield. The average yield respone to three levels of applied K, increased from zero initially to 67% by the fourth year. Total dry-matter production increased 32% and total protein yield increased an average of 32% and total protein yield increased an average of 15% with K fertilization over four years. About 60% of the yield response occurred between the 0 and 22kg K.ha−1 rates. Initial soil exchangeable K levels were not maintained even at the highest 66kg K.ha−1 treatment. Soil exchangeable Al and soluble Mn were elevated with dropping pH. Soil K reserves and resupply of exchangeable K in these soils over the long term will be an important factor in crop production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372527
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of added organic residues and calcium carbonate on polyphosphate hydrolysis in four Quebec soils (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): organic residues ; phosphorus ; polyphosphate hydrolysis ; polyphosphates ; pyrophosphatase ; pyrophosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Polyphosphate hydrolysis was studied in three surface samples and one subsurface sample of Quebec soil treated with alfalfa residues (44.8 t ha−1) and farmyard manure (FYM; 44.8 t ha−1); and in two acid soil samples treated with CaCO3 (12.5 t ha−1). The polyphosphates used were Na4P2O7. 10H2O (NaPP) and PolyN (a triammonium pyrophosphate-orthophosphate mixture). Each polyphosphate was added at a rate of 1.00g P kg−1 soil. Addition of alfalfa residues promoted polyphosphate hyrolysis of both NaPP and PolyN through reduced polyphosphate sorption and increasing pyrophosphatase activity. Application of FYM increased polyphosphate hydrolysis in Uplands topsoil and retarded hydrolysis in the other soils. Hydrolysis was probably reduced because of orthophosphate (OP) introduced with the FYM. Added CaCO3 accelerated polyphosphate hydrolysis in an acid topsoil sample through reduced sorption, but slowed hydrolysis in the subsoil sample, due to a reduction in enzyme activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372528
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Screening for resistance against Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). 2. Hordeum species and interspecific hybrids (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 571-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum ; barley ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; brid cherry-oat aphid ; resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Twenty-seven accessions of Hordeum species and interspecific hybrids were screened in a growth chamber for resistance against the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. Resistance measurement was based on the aphids' population growth during a 16-day period. The mean number of nymphs produced per female was only about 14% of that on the control cv. Tellus. H. bogdani was the most resistant accession. As a group, interspecific F1-hybrids with common barley (H. vulgare × H. sp.) held an intermediate position. Differences in resistance between hybrids as well as between species (H. jubatum and H. lechleri) were observed. The most resistant species were all diploids. No effects of the host plant on formation of alatae or on the within-plant distribution of aphids were found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041504
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic diversity in barley landraces from Syria and Jordan (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 389-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; landraces ; environmental stress ; breeding for dry areas ; multilines ; genetic diversity ; genetic resources ; variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Single-head progenies derived from barley landraces collected along the Fertile Crescent in Syria and Jordan were evaluated for agronomic, morphological, and quality traits in a typical barley growing area in Northern Syria. A large diversity was observed both between and within collection sites, and in most cases the variation was useful for breeding purposes. Single plant progenies were identified with larger yields and more desirable expressions of agronomic characters than the original landraces. The utilization of this material in a breeding program for dry areas is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041482
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Accumulating polygenes for partial resistance in barley to barley leaf rust, Puccinia hordei. I. Selection for increased latent periods (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; barley leaf rust ; latent period ; minor genes ; partial resistance ; polygenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The barley cultivar Cebaba Capa was crossed to the cultivar L94, which is assumed to carry no genes for increased latent periods, and Vada, which is assumed to carry five to six minor genes for a longer latent period (LP). In the F2 selection was carried out for short and long LP's in the young flag leaves to Puccinia hordei in both crosses. In the F3, F4 and F5 the selection for short as well as for long LP continued by selecting the extreme plants in the extreme lines, a typical pedigree selection approach. The LP's are given relative to those of ‘L94’, set at 100 and of ‘Vada’, set at 185. From the cross with ‘L94’ homogeneous lines were obtained with relative LP's of 100 and of 220. From the cross with ‘Vada’ the extreme lines had LP's of 135 and around or even beyond 300. ‘Cebaba Capa’ is thought to carry four to six minor genes with an average gene effect slightly larger than those of the five to six minor genes in ‘Vada’. From the four to six minor genes one or two may be identical to or closely linked with minor genes of ‘Vada’, the others appeared to be different. In the lines with LP's of close to 300 or even more the number of minor genes accumulated is thought to be in the order of eight or nine. These gene number estimates are based on independent assortment. If linkage occurs the number of genes involved may be larger. Because of the high correlation between LP in the young flag leaf and the partial resistance in the field the selected lines are assumed to have a partial resistance to barley leaf rust far beyond that of ‘Vada’, which represents almost the highest level of partial resistance in European cultivars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022858
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pathogenic variation among isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis from cultivated barley growing in Victoria, Australia (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Rhynchosporium secalis ; scald ; pathogenic variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Three hundred and nineteen Rhynchosporium secalis isolates from cultivated barley were divided into five groups on the basis of their virulence on 15 differential barley varieties. Pathogenic variation was also demonstrated for isolates from different scald lesions within the same crop and amongst different spores from the same lesions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022872
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conservation of powdery mildew resistance genes in three composite cross populations of barley (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei ; powdery mildew ; composite cross populations ; resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Barley powdery mildew was used as a model to evaluate the potential of barley composite cross populations for conservation of disease resistance. The objective was to determine if increases in resistance to powdery mildew could be detected over periods of time in composite cross populations developed in California, where the disease might have had a selective influence on the populations, and the same populations grown in Montana, where no selective influence of powdery mildew was expected. Four isolates of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei were used to monitor the frequencies of plants with specific mildew resistances through early, intermediate and late generations of three composite cross populations (CCII, CCV, CCXII) grown at Davis, California, and Bozeman and Moccasin, Montana. Changes in frequencies of plants resistant to the four isolates were observed between generations in all populations from the three locations. Trends in the frequencies of resistance are discussed in relation to selection pressure applied by E. graminis. It is suggested that associations with gene complexes other than resistance to E. graminis might help to explain the increased resistance observed in these studies. This research was funded in part by U.S. Agency for International Development Contract No. AID/DSAN-C-0024. The authors are grateful to Dr A. L. Kahler for seed of the composite cross populations and to Dr J. G. Moseman for the powdery mildew cultures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022918
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The stability of the number of tillers of barley varieties and its relation with consistency of performance under semi-arid conditions (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 641-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; number of tillers ; stability of number of tillers ; consistency of performance ; semi-arid conditions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In 1981/82 60 barleys varieties were grown at 18 environments (three locations, three seed rates, two soil fertility regimes) and in 1982/83 22 varieties were grown again at 21 environments (seven locations, three seed rates). Grain yield was recorded only in the second year. The estimates of variances sx 2 (untransformed data) and s2 logx (transformed data) for number of tillers and grain yield varied significantly among varieties. When untransformed data were used, high tillering varieties had a higher variance for number of tillers per unit area than low tillering varieties. When the variation was measured by CV of untransformed data or by s2 logx on transformed data a reverse relation occurred, i.e. the correlation coefficient between number of tillers and the variation of number of tillers was negative. High grain yielding varieties had a high mean number of tillers and a low variance for number of tillers per unit area when transformed data were used to compute variances. All interactions between variety, seed rate and location for grain yield were significant. The regression analysis of variety grain yield (Y) on environment mean grain yield (X) gave regression coefficients, b, ranging from 0.51 to 1.69. There was no significant correlation between regression coefficient and grain yield. The highest yielding varieties had b values around 1.0. High grain yielding varieties had low variance of yield over environments and low values for deviations from the regression when transformed data were used. However, the correlations between mean yield and variance for yield or mean yield and deviations from regression were positive when untransformed data were used. From this study it is concluded that high mean number of tillers per unit area and low variance for number of tillers could be used in selecting varieties with consistently high yield at varying environments. Techniques are proposed for application early in the breeding programme, i.e. in segregating population or in nurseries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035399
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of barley yellow dwarf tolerance from plant traits in two winter × spring barley crosses (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 585-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; barley yellow dwarf ; inoculated ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; Yd2 gene locus ; tolerance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Winter-type experimental lines from crosses of two winter-type barley cultivars with a spring-type, barley yellow dwarf (BYD) tolerant cultivar were compared in inoculated and uninoculated hill plots. Mature plants traits-winter survival, height, number of spike-bearing tillers, and biomass-were examined. The experimental lines could not be compared with the BYD tolerant parent using these diagnostic symptoms since the spring-type parent would be winterkilled. Two criteria were used to rate experimental lines for BYD tolerance: (1) nonsignificant difference between BYD-inoculated and BYD-uninoculated treatments for all traits, and (2) a BYD injury score obtained by averaging percent reduction from BYD infection for each trait.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041507
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of plant age on temporal progression of common root-rot (Cochliobolus sativus) lesions on subcrown internodes of wheat and barley (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; Cochliobolus sativus ; common root rot ; subcrown internode ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The progression of common root-rot lesions on subcrown internodes of Neepawa wheat and Bonanza barley plants inoculated 14, 26, 38 and 50 days after seeding was measured in growth chamber tests. Both in wheat and barley, lesion development was more rapid in older than in younger plants. Variables such as mean daily rates of linear progression of lesions, disease ratings, and proportion of plants becoming severely diseased were higher in older than in younger plants. The possible stress resulting from the removal of the crown roots on more rapid disease development in older than in younger plants is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371040
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field calibration of liming responses of four crops using soil pH, Al and Mn (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): alfalfa ; barley ; liming ; rape ; red clover ; relative crop yields ; soil acidity ; soil pH and aluminium and manganese toxicities ; soil test for Al and Mn
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Liming trials were conducted at 28 sites in the western Great Plains of Canada for barley, rape, red clover and alfalfa. Yield increases from liming correlated with soil pH and Al but not with Mn. When all sites were included, yield increases from liming correlated closely (r=0.86 to 0.94) with exchangeable Al, percent Al saturation and 0.02M CaCl2-Al for barley, rape and red clover, these responses having correlated less well (R=0.56 to 0.72) with soil pH. Alfalfa yield responses gave low correlations with both pH and the Al measurements. When only the sites with soil pH≥5 were used, the yield responses to lime of barley and rape still correlated better with the Al measurements than with pH even though the correlations, in general, were much lower than when all sites were included. For the sites with soil pH〉-5, the correlations were highest for yield responses of barley and rape with 0.02M CaCl2-Al. It is suggested that the use of toxic Al and Mn for routinely diagnosing the limiting factor by soil acidity could improve on the economy of liming.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370895
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tiller expansion and retranslocation of previously absorbed nitrogen among main stems, tillers and roots of two barley cultivars (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; cultivar ; main stem ; net flux ; nitrogen ; partitioning ; root ; tiller ; vegetative adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cvs Hellas and Kajsa), grown in nutrient solutions, were supplied with15NO 3 − from day 12 to day 16. Changes in distribution of15N between different plant parts were followed during ageing, (days 16, 28 and 52) to study differences in redistribution of N induced by variation in NO 3 − supply and choice of cultivar. Main stems and tillers competed for previously absorbed N and their competitive strength depended on their growth rate. Inhibition of tillering during N stress protected the main stem from detrimental losses of a limiting resource. Tillers on Hellas received in most cases proportionally more15N from the rest of the plant than tillers on Kajsa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370901
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of natural and artificially induced reduction on soil solution phosphorus in rice soils (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): flooded soil ; phosphorus ; phosphorus fertilization ; Oryza sativa L ; oxidized ; reduced ; soil solution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of natural and artificial reduction on P extractability from soils used for rice production and the relation of these values to response to fertilizer P were investigated. Soil solution P increased from a mean of 3.8 mg P·kg−1 soil for naturally oxidized slurries of 28 soils to 19.8mg P·kg−1 when the soils were naturally reduced. The mean values were further increased to 40.8 and 45.3 mg·kg−1 when the soils were reduced with 0.1M Na2S2O4 and 0.2M Na2S2O4, respectively. These P-values compare with 18.2 mg kg−1 when the dry soils were extracted with Bray No. 1 extractant. When the yields of rice were correlated with solution and extracted P, the R2's for the quadratic relationships were 0.40**, 0.31*, 0.34**, 0.30*, and 0.55** for the naturally oxidized, the naturally reduced, 0.1M Na2S2O4, 0.2M Na2S2O4 and Bray No. 1, respectively. The Cate-Nelson calculation confirmed the superiority of the weak acid Bray extractant and the critical value of 8.6 mg P·kg−1 soil needed for satisfactory yields of rice. There was little response of rice to added fertilizer P on soils with solution P-values greater than 0.09 mg P·l−1 in oxygenated soil slurries. Some soils with solution P of this order and high amounts of Bray No. 1 extractable P still gave modest responses to fertilizer P. Although natural or chemically induced reduction increased soil solution P, it did not improve prediction of yield response of rice to added fertilizer P.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370699
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Root dynamics in barley, lucerne and meadow fescue investigated with a mini-rhizotron technique (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; depth distribution ; lucerne ; meadow fescue ; mini-rhizotron ; root dynamics ; undersowing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Root development, including depth distribution, was followed in pure barley stands (Hordeum distichum, L.) with or without nitrogen fertilization and in barley undersown with lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) or meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, Huds.). The number of roots per 5 cm depth level down to 1 m was counted frequently during the growing season using mini-rhizotrons, i.e., transparent tubes inserted into the soil. Root biomass at different depths down to 1 m was estimated from soil cores taken one month before harvest. The results from the two methods were compared and root counts in the different treatments were compared with the above-ground growth and production. Nitrogen-fertilized barley in pure stand had the highest biomass both above and below ground. According to the mini-rhizotron observations this treatment also had a deeper and denser root system, until barley harvest, than the other treatments. After barley harvest, roots from the undersown lucerne continued to increase, whereas the number of roots in the undersown meadow fescue remained the same. The root system in barley/meadow fescue did not penetrate into the subsoil, where more than 60% of the number of roots in barley undersown with lucerne were found. In general, the mini-rhizotron results indicated a higher relative abundance of roots in the deeper layers than the root biomass estimated with the soil coring method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370664
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Water stress effects on leaf elongation, leaf water potential, transpiration, and nutrient uptake of rice, maize, and soybean (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 155-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): leaf elongation rate ; leaf water potential ; maize ; nitrogen ; nutrient uptake ; phosphorus ; potassium ; rice ; soybean ; transpiration rate ; water stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to determine and compare the responses of rice (Oryza sativa L. var, IR 36), maize (Zea mays L. var. DMR-2), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. var. Clark 63) to soil water stress. Leaf elongation, dawn leaf water potential, transpiration rate, and nutrient uptake in stressed rice declined earlier than in maize and soybean. Maize and soybean, compared with rice, maintained high dawn leaf water potential for a longer period of water stress before leaf water potential. Nutrient uptake under water stress conditions was influenced more by the capacity of the roots to absorb nutrients than by transpiration. Transport of nutrients to the shoots may occur even at reduced transpiration rate It is concluded that the ability of maize and soybean to grow better than rice under water stress conditions may be due to their ability to maintain turgor as a result of the slow decline in leaf water potential brought about by low, transpiration rate and continued uptake of nutrient, especially K, which must have allowed osmotic adjustment to occur.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370385
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of VAM and reduced nutrient availability on growth and phosphorus and micronutrient uptake of wheat and field beans under greenhouse conditions (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): copper ; iron ; manganese ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; phosphorus ; VAM ; wheat ; zinc
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) on field bean and spring wheat dry matter production and on phosphorus, zinc, copper, iron and manganese uptake was determined under greenhouse conditions. Nutrient availability was varied by using different sizes of pots and by diluting the soil with sand. VAM increased plant dry matter production under all sets of growth conditions. VAM were found to directly increase the uptake of P, Zn, Cu and Fe by field beans and of P and Zn for wheat in both experiments. Increased uptake of the other nutrients measured was attributed to increased dry matter production or other factors. The effect of VAM decreased as the pot size holding the host plants decreased, but was not affected by the ratio of soil to sand if the pot size was kept constant. Nutrient uptake by beans as a proportion of total amount of nutrient present increased as the amount of nutrient decreased. Increase in root-soil contact and altered chemical equilibria are probable reasons for increased efficiency of nutrient uptake by beans as the level of available nutrient decreased. For wheat, which has a relatively fibrous root system, decreasing the nutrient availability had minimal effects on nutrient uptake in these experiments. Increases in total uptake of a particular nutrient resulting from inoculation with VAM are not necesarily indicative of a direct uptake of that nutrient by the VAM.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370627
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Salt tolerance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars at the germination stage: Analysis of the response functions (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; germination ; response functions ; salt tolerance ; screening ; threshold salinity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Two models, initially proposed by Van Genuchten (1983) for evaluating salinity-yield response curves at the adult stage, were applied to study the salinity response of 24 barley cultivars at the germination stage. According to the calculated salinity threshold, ECt (the solution electrical conductivity, EC, at which germination starts to decrease), and EC50 (the solution EC at which germination is reduced by 50%) parameters, both models give similar results, although model 2, a sigmoid-form curve, fits the observed data slightly better than model 1, a piecewise response function. Also, the results suggest that, for model 1, ECt seems to be the most reliable parameter for screening barley germplasm because it clearly discriminates the relative salt-tolerance of the studied cultivars and, furthermore, it basically determines their salinity response for the 100 to 50% germination interval. On the other hand, the model 1 s parameter — percent germination decrease per unit salinity increase bove ECt—is less relevant because of its smaller variation interval and lack of correlation with EC50, indicating that the salinity response of the studied cultivars for the 50% germination value is independent of this parameter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370624
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen fixation and plant growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at different levels of phosphorus availability (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): bean ; sand-alumina ; nitrogen fixation ; phosphorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The efficacy of the alumina system for differentiating between bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for growth at different levels of phosphorus availability was determinated. In addition to response to P levels, comparisons were made between plants receiving N either from fertilizer or nitrogen fixation. When the cv. Carioca was provided with either 100 ppm of N or inoculated withRhizobium leguminosarum biovarphaseoli, differences in shoot dry weight and nodule number were related to P level. There was a greater proportion of green, ineffectivevs. red, active nodules at the low P concentration than at the higher P concentration. In a second experiment, two cvs., Puebla 152 and Carioca and the breeding line UW 24-21, either were inoculated with rhizobia or provided with 150ppm of N. Each genotype-nitrogen combination was grown at 8 levels of P. There was a positive effect of P level on shoot dry weight, nodule number and nodule mass. Root mass was affected less than nodule or shoot mass by the P level of the growth medium. Nodule mass, but not P concentration in the nodules, was affected by P level, whereas in the other plant tissues, P concentrations were lower at lower P levels in the media.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370628
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mineral nutrients in floodwater and floating rice growing at water depths up to two metres (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): floodwater ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; oxygen ; rice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Concentrations of N, P and K were measured in floodwater and in floating rice cultivars growing at up to 2m water depths in the central flood plain of Thailand. Concentrations of N, P and K in floodwater were often higher than those reported for oligotrophic lakes, nevertheless the floodwater contained 4–45 times less K and 15–90 times less N than concentrations reported in most soil solutions. P concentrations were similar in the floodwater and in most soil solutions. Concentrations of nutrients in leaves indicated there may be deficiencies of P at two sites and a deficiency of N at one of two sites. Data are discussed in terms of reduced nutrient uptake in rice fields at low O2 concentrations which have recently been measured in these areas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370637
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of intermittent waterlogging on the mineral nutrition of cotton (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): aeration ; calcium ; cotton ; flooding ; magnesium ; manganese ; phosphorus ; potassium ; sodium chloride ; waterlogging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of intermittent waterlogging on the nutrient status of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Deltapine 61). The crop was grown in a sloping plot of soil in which a gradient of water-table depth ranging from 0.04m above to 0.60m below the soil surface was established during two periods of waterlogging in mid summer and early autumn. The first waterlogging lasted 8 days; the second lasted 16 days. Dry matter increases were less for severely waterlogged plants than for plants with well-aerated root systems during the first flooding, but the increases were similar during the second. Waterlogging impaired uptake of most nutrients by young plants in the first flooding, but had much less effect on nutrient uptake by older plants in the second. Waterlogging consistently reduced concentrations of P and K in the petioles and laminae of young fully-expanded leaves, and severely waterlogged plants were deficient in these nutrients by the end of the first flooding. Mn did not accumulate to toxic levels in waterlogged plants. During each flooding, waterlogged plants gained in total content of all nutrients studied, but the gains of each nutrient, except for Na, were proportionally smaller than for well-aerated plants. Fluxes of K-, Cl- and HPO4- ions in xylem sap exuded from stumps of detopped plants which had been waterlogged were lower than those from plants with well-aerated root systems. Seed cotton yields and concentrations of nutrients in mature bolls were not affected by the two periods of waterlogging. It is concluded that although intermittent waterlogging induced nutrient stress in cotton plants, especially for P and K in young plants before flowering, they recovered with no detrimental effect upon yield.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370647
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mineralization of nitrogen from15N labelled fungi, soil microbial biomass and roots and its uptake by barley plants (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; chloroform fumigation ; fungi ; 15N-nitrate ; microbial biomass N ; mineralization ; roots
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The availability of nitrogen in15N labelled fungi, soil microbial biomass (Ca(15NO3)2 immobilized by addition of glucose), barley roots and Ca(NO3)2 to barley plants was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Samples of above-ground plant biomass were taken five times during 76 days. During this time, and at the start of the experiment, the C and N contents of the soil microbial biomass were determined. Microbial biomass-C decreased during the first 41 days, and then increased back to pre-treatment levels. Only 2% of the total soil15N was found in the microbial biomass two days after additions of Ca(15NO3)2. At the final sampling 76 days later, 17% of the15N remaining in soil was found in the microbial biomass. In the other tratments, microbial biomass-N accounted for 20% of remaining soil15N in the one that had received fungi, 29% in the one with barley roots and 35% in the Ca(NO3)2 plus glucose treatment. At harvest, 38% of the soil15N at day 0 added as Ca(NO3)2-N, 29% of fungal-N, 10% of N immobilized in the soil microbial biomass and 7% of N in barley roots was recovered in the above-ground plant biomass. It can be concluded that nitrogen in the native soil biomass is resistant to mineralization and plant uptake. The use of laboratory grown organisms for mineralization studies will overestimate the plant availability of nitrogen in soil microorganisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370903
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Competition for N and P between wheat and wild oats (Avena sterilis L.) according to the proximity of their time of emergence (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): competition ; nitrogen ; nutrition ; phosphorus ; wheat ; wild oats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In the cultivated wheat fields of the Mediterranean area, wild oats (Avena sterilis L.), is commonly found a weed, which competes with the wheat for soil nutrients, water and light. To study this mutual competition for N and P, a pot experiment was devised in which the planting of wheat and weed seeds, in the pots, was so arranged that the lengths of time between the emergence of each specie was different for each treatment. When the time of emergence of the wild oat coincided with that of wheat, the latter was affected in its development, productivity and total accumulation of N and P. However, the earlier the emergence of wheat was relative to that of wild oat, the greater was the suppression of the weed, with a lower total accumulation of N and lower P content in the plant. Bringing forward the emergence of either of the two species conferred advantages for the development of the earliest emerger.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370914
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yield potential and drought tolerance of segregating populations of barley in contrasting environments (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 265-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; dry areas ; stress-tolerance ; stability ; bulk method ; multilocation testing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Using the traditional approach (selection for grain yield) it has been found that F3 families derived from F2's selected under unfavourable conditions were more vigorous in the early stages of growth, taller, earlier in heading and with larger yields than F3 families derived from F2's selected under favourable conditions. A high and negative correlation coefficient was found between the drought susceptibility index and grain yield at the driest site, whereas at the wettest site the correlation coefficients were lower and in some cases positive, indicating the existence of traits which are desirable under drought and undesirable under favourable conditions, or vice versa. Expected responses to selection for grain yield using different selection criteria indicated that selection under stress conditions is expected to be more efficient than selection under favourable conditions when dry areas is the target environment. Expected responses to selection for grain yield using different selection criteria indicated that selection under stress conditions is expected to be more efficient than selection under favourable conditions when dry areas is the target environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730673
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Accumulating polygenes for partial resistance in barley to barley leaf rust, Puccinia hordei. II. Field evaluation (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; barley leaf rust ; earliness ; latent period ; minor genes ; partial resistance ; polygenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Eight lines from the cross between ‘Vada’ and ‘Cebada Capa’ with long to very long latent periods and four barley cultivars representing the known range of partial resistance to barley leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, were evaluated in the field for partial resistance and in the greenhouse for the latent period (LP) in the young flag leaf. Each of the 12 entries was sown (15-4-1983) on a plot of 1.0 m2. There were four replicates. To reduce interplot interference the plots were separated from each other by 4.0 m of spring rye. The number of urediosori per tiller was evaluated at 27-6, 4-7, 12-7 and ten days after heading. The LP was measured on 10 to 15 plants per entry in 1982 and on 10 plants in 1983. The levels of partial resistance varied greatly. The difference in number of sori per tiller between the most susceptible cultivar, Akka, and the most resistant cultivar, Vada, was about 50 times. Between ‘Akka’ and the most resistant line this was approximately 5000 times. The LP's varied similarly. ‘Vada’ had a LP 64% longer than that of ‘Akka’, the LP of line 26-6-11 was 15% longer. The range of partial resistance has been extended more than twofold. The correlation coefficients between LP and the level of barley leaf rust, expressed in transformed scale units, varied from -0.99 for the first sampling date to -0.97 for the third sampling date. Sampling the same development stage, ten days after heading, did not improve the r-value (r=−0.98). The LP evaluated in the young flag leaf is shown to be a very reliable criterion for partial resistance in the barley-Puccinia hordei pathosystem. Earliness tends to be associated with susceptibility. The correlation of days to heading with LP was 0.63, and with the level of barley leaf rust in the field 0.64.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022859
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of methods for the assessment of malting quality in barley breeding (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; malting quality ; assessment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Methods for assessing malting quality in barley breeding were evaluated for their precision, including variation between different batches, analysts and barley samples. The barley characters measured were grain moisture, ground grain moisture (two methods), grain weight, steep moisture, malt moisture (two methods), malt yield, malt nitrogen, malt soluble nitrogen, Kolbach index, malt diastatic power, malt α-amylase, malt β-glucanase, wort refractive index, hot water extract, extract yield, wort reducing sugars, wort total carbohydrates, wort α-amino nitrogen and wort total nitrogen. The value of these measurements in barley breeding is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022873
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Partial resistance to Erysiphe graminis hordei in old European barley varieties (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 499-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Erysiphe graminis hordei ; powdery mildew ; partial resistance ; non-hypersensitive resistance ; transgressive segregation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A collection of 133 genotypes consisting mainly of old European barleys and land varieties was assessed for level of partial resistance to barley mildew at the adult plant stage. Identification of any known resistance factors conferring hypersensitive reactions to the mildew races present at various frequencies in N.W. Europe was ensured through seedling tests with an appropriate AO mildew isolate. Thirty-nine varieties with relatively high levels of adult (partial) resistance and lacking known race-specific resistance genes were tested over a period of three years in field disease nurseries. At least thirteen varieties showed significantly less percentage leaf area infected than the control variety Proctor. These constitute a useful reserve of non-hypersensitive resistance, probably under the control of genes with mainly additive effects. In combination, these genes give enhanced levels of resistance, which could be of a more stable nature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022947
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Race-specific effects in major genic and polygenic resistance of barley to barley leaf rust in the field: identification and distinction (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 689-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; barley leaf rust ; aggressiveness ; hypersensitive resistance ; horizontal resistance ; major genic resistance ; non-hypersensitive resistance ; partial resistance ; polygenic resistance ; race-specific resistance ; race-non-specific resistance ; vertical resistance ; virulence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Six partially resistant spring barley cultivars were exposed to four barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) races in the field and in the greenhouse. The 24 cultivar-race combinations were tested in field plots of 1.5×1.5 m2 in two replications over two years. To reduce the interplot exchange of urediospores each plot was surrounded by winter rye. The level of barley leaf rust varied among cultivars, races and years. In both years the variance for cultivar-race interactions was highly significant and originating largely from the cultivar-race combinations Berac-22. Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A. The Berac-22 interaction was towards higher, the other three interactions towards a lower level of barley leaf rust. The reduced rust levels of these three combinations were not due to interactions between the partial resistance of these cultivars and the aggressiveness of the races but to major genes for hypersensitivity not effective to the races 1-2-1 and F, common in Western Europe, but effective against the rare races 22 and A. This was revealed in the greenhouse experiments where all combinations had a susceptible infection type except Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A, which showed low infection types in both the seedling and adult plant stages. The urediosori present in the field plots of these three combinations apparently arose from spores derived from other plots; this interplot interchange suggesting partial resistance. The interaction of ‘Berac’ with race 22 truly was a small race-specific effect within the polygenic, partial resistance of barley to barley leaf rust like the one reported before between ‘Julia’ and race 18.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035405
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone) and abscisic acid on polyamine metabolism in embryonectomized barley seeds (1985)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 3 (1985), S. 257-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): Polyamines ; MGBG ; ABA ; aleurone ; barley
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Incorporation of L-[U-14C] arginine or L-[U-14C] ornithine into putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) in embryonectomized barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) was studied following imbition with methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) and abscisic acid (ABA). Both radiolabeled amino acids were incorporated into the amines as a result of active polyamine biosynthesis in the seed during imbibition. In the aleurone layer, the Spd and Spn existed mainly in the free form (acid soluble). However about 50% of Put was recovered in conjugated form(s) (acid insoluble). Imbibition with 5 and 10μM ABA for 3 days increased the accumulation of the free form of 14C-Put, probably as a result of inhibition (70%) of 14C-Spd accumulation. The ABA treatment showed no significant effect on levels of the conjugated form of Put and Spd. Imbibition with millimolar concentrations of MGBG resulted in (i) abnormal accumulation of the free form of Put and incorporation of 14C-amino acids into the diamine, (ii) progressive inhibition of the accumulation of the free forms of 14C-Spd and Spm, and (iii) reduction of the 14C incorporation into the conjugated forms of Put and Spd. Uptake of 14C-amino acids was not affected by MGBG treatment. The results indicate that MGBG may inhibit not only the synthesis of Spd and Spm, but the catabolism (e.g. oxidation) of Put in the aleurone layer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117584
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro propagation and nodulation byFrankia of actinorhizal Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Actinorhizae ; Elaeagnus angustifolia ; Frankia ; In vitro propagation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Russian Olive ; Tissue culture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Following the evaluation of the nutritional requirements for thein vitro propagation ofElaeagnus angustifolia, this actinorhizal species was routinely multiplied on MS, supplemented with 100 mM sucrose and 5 μM kinetin. On this medium, at a 3 week-interval, a multiplication rate of 5–10 was observed. A morphological variant occurred in culture (wet type) but it was converted into the normal type (pubescent type) by a passage on 1/2 macro MS and 1.5% agar. One hundred percent rooting was achieved in liquid medium containing 1/2 MS without growth regulators. The plantlets were transferred aseptically to a nitrogen-free artificial soil substrate and inoculated with pure cultures of differentFrankia strains which had been isolated from Elaeagnus, Shepherdia and Hippophae host plants. We thus ascertained that afterin vitro propagation, the plants retained their capacity to nodulate and sustain nitrogen fixation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277655
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seed germination, seedling inoculation and establishment ofAlnus spp. in containers in greenhouse trials (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 161-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Alnus ; Frankia ; Nodulation ; Seed germination ; Seedling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Methods for production of containerized seedlings ofAlnus species were developed which permit nitrogen-fixing nodules to form on the root systems prior to outplanting, in order to provide an early nitrogen input during seedling establishment. The methods are based on procedures for inoculating root systems with suspensions ofFrankia (Actinomycetales), applied either directly in the container cell as a soil drench at the time of seeding, or as a root dip for seedlings transplanted into the containers. Germination of dried, stored seed was enhanced by light and by presoaking for 16 h in water. Pretreatments to overcome seed dormancy or to eliminate fungal pathogens did not further enhance germination. Some loss of seedlings was recorded in the early stages of growth shortly after germination, which is a factor in calculating projected seedling yield. Nodulation and seedling growth were evaluated in terms of growth media characteristics. Seedlings performed well in peat-vermiculite, at soil pH between 5.5 and 8.0.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277657
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The potential for breeding white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with improved nodulation and nitrogen fixation when grown with combined nitrogen (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 88 (1985), S. 197-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrate nitrogen ; Nitrate tolerance ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Trifolium repens ; Symbiotic variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The variability in nodulation and nitrogen fixation traits ofTrifolium repens (cv. S. 100) supplied with abundant nitrate nitrogen was examined using an aseptic tube culture technique. Nodule numbers varied from 0 to 20 per plant and acetylene reduction activity from 0 to 49 nmol C2H4/plant per h. Plants were selected from this variable population for high, low and zero nodule numbers. Plants within groups were intercrossed and progeny used to establish high, low and zero nodule families. These were subsequently tested for nodulation and acetylene reduction activity in the presence and absence of combined nitrogen. When grown with nitrate the control populations (unselected S. 100 and Pronitro) averaged 3.05 nodules per plant, the high family averaged 4 per plant while the low line averaged 1 nodule per plant (P〈0.05). Nodule numbers were strongly correlated with acetylene reduction activity (r= +0.92) but C2H4 production was generally low, averaging respectively 4.9 and 3.1 nmol/plant per h in the high and low lines. In the absence of nitrate nodule numbers increased to an average of 50 per plant and acetylene reduction activity rose to 175.5 nmol/plant per h. There was no correlation between ability of selection lines to nodulate in the presence and absence of nitrate. The results demonstrate the existence of heritable genetic factors controlling nodulation and nitrogenase activity in the presence of nitrate, but the phenotypic expression of these characters is so strongly inhibited by nitrate that increases in nitrogen fixation in the presence of combined nitrogen which are likely to be of agricultural significance would require much greater genetic improvements than those demonstrated here. The possibilities for such improvements are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182446
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Do single nodules of Casuarinaceae contain more than oneFrankia strain? (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 88 (1985), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Casuarina equisetifolia ; Frankia ; Nodulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Studies using inoculum suspensions prepared from single nodules of Casuarinaceae suggest that more than oneFrankia strain may be found in some nodules. Evidence is also presented to support the concept of intergeneric specificity in host-Frankia relations in the family Casuarinaceae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182454
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The response of field grownPhaseolus vulgaris to Rhizobium inoculation and the quantification of N2 fixation using15N (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 88 (1985), S. 333-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Bean cultivars ; Harvest index ; 15N dilution ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Rhizobium inoculation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A field experiment was performed to assess the effects of Rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg N ha−1) on four cultivars of Phaseolus beans; Carioca, Negro Argel, Venezuela 350 and Rio Tibagi. In the inoculated treatment 2.5 kg N ha−1 of15N labelled fertilizer was added in order to apply the isotope dilution technique to quantify the contribution of N2 fixation to the nutrition of these cultivars. Nodulation of all cultivars in the uninoculated treatments was poor, but the cultivars Carioca and Negro Argel were well nodulated when inoculated. Even when inoculated, nodulation of the cultivars Venezuela 350 and Rio Tibagi was poor and these cultivars showed little response to inoculation in terms of nitrogen accumulation or grain yield. The estimates of the contribution of N2 fixation estimated using the isotope dilution technique, for the Carioca and Negro Argel cultivars, amounted to 31.7 and 18.4 kg N ha−1 respectively. These two cultivars produced 991 and 883 kg ha−1 of grain, respectively, when inoculated and 663 and 620 kg ha−1 with the addition of 100 kg N ha−1 of N fertilizer. The response to nitrogen was particularly poor due to high leaching losses in the very sandy soil at the experimental site. The Venezuela 350 and Rio Tibagi cultivars only responded to N fertilizer and not to inoculation with Rhizobium which stresses the great importance of selecting plant cultivars for nitrogen fixation in the field.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197490
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of wheat and barley varietal differences in nitrate concentration on plant analysis interpretation (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 12 (1987), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; wheat ; nitrate concentration ; plant analysis ; genotypic differences
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat and barley varieties from breeding plots in advanced yield trials were tested for NO3 concentration in their stems at the tillering stage. The study was carried out for three years, at three different locations with a high number of varieties, aiming to determine whether there are varietal differences which could affect the interpretation of prognostic standards set up in a previous study. From nine comparisons between 12 different varieties it was shown that differences in NO3 concentration occurred on only three occasions and these were due to factors which affect NO3 in plants, other than genotypic. The study concluded that varietal differences in NO3 concentration are not a critical consideration for the interpretation of prognostic standards for genotypes which have been developed for certain environmental conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048915
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of nutrient seed coating on the emergence of wheat and oats (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 14 (1987), S. 205-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): urea ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; phenyl phosphorodiamidate ; ammonia ; toxicities ; germination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A series of experiments was conducted under controlled soil moisture and temperature conditions in a growth chamber to examine the effect of a range of nutrient seed coatings on the emergence to wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kite) and oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Blackbutt) sown in a coarse sandy loam soil. Final emergence of oats was not reduced by a coating containing 10 kg P ha−1 (as monocalcium phosphate [MCP]) whereas the same coating reduced wheat emergence by 15%. The emergence of both wheat and oats was severely reduced by urea coatings (supplying 10 kg N ha−1) to 33 and 13% respectively; this injury was lessened markedly by the inclusion of phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD) in the urea coatings at 1% (w/w) (emergence increased to 66 and 56% respectively). Low soil moisture (67% of field capacity [FC]) resulted in almost no emergence of wheat coated with urea (± bentonites of different pH). In soil at FC, the addition of bentonite of pH 5 (B5) to urea coatings permitted greater emergence (54%) than when bentonite of pH 9 (B9) was added (32%) which, in turn, permitted greater emergence than urea coating alone (10%). When PPD and bentonite (B5 or B9) were combined either singly or together with urea in seed coatings, PPD was more effective than either of the bentonites in reducing injury and masked the slight positive effect of B5. Coatings containing various combinations of N and P sources (at 3.6 and at 8 kg ha−1 respectively) all reduced the emergence of wheat compared to raw seed (91% emergence). When applied alone, MCP was least damaging (74%); the combination of MCP with ammonium sulfate (AS) caused somewhat more injury (68%) whilst combination with calcium nitrate (CN) caused most injury (29%). In contrast, CN alone caused relatively little damage (73%) whilst AS alone was more damaging (50%). There was no significant regression found between percentage emergence and either the calculated partial salt index or the pH of the nutrient coatings. Further work is needed to examine the mechanisms of injury due to nutrient seed coatings so that safe but effective formulations can be developed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050665
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fertilizing programs (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 8 (1985), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): economics ; fertilizer residues ; phosphorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Alternative programs for applications of fertilizer phosphorus to successive crops are computed from the data of long term experiments showing the effects of fresh fertilizer applications and of residues from applications to previous crops on the yields of wheat in Australia and of soybeans in Brazil. The programs are compared on the basis of total economic returns with allowance for the time scale for investments in fertilizer and returns from the successive crops. Gains from the use of optimal programs may be small relative to those obtained with normal farm practice for conditions of moderate fertilizer requirement as represented by the Australian experiments, but may be appreciable for soils with high requirements as in the Cerrados region of Brazil. Estimates of optimal programs may be much affected by variations in yield levels and yield responses to fertilizer due to variations in year to year growing conditions, and it is concluded that long term fertilizer experiments are not likely to provide practicable bases for estimating programs for use by farmers. There is need to develop alternative procedures for estimating optimal programs such as might be based on effects of fertilizer on soil composition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048905
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The importance of abortive stoma penetration in the partial resistance and nonhost reaction of adult barley and wheat plants to leaf rust fungi (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 725-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; breadwheat ; Puccinia hordei ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; leaf rust ; partial resistance ; nonhost resistance ; adult plant ; stoma penetration ; stomatal exclusion ; histology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Early stages of the infection process of Puccinia hordei isolate 1.2.1 and of a P. recondita f.sp. tritici isolate were studied on adult plants of four barley lines and one wheat line. Two of the barley lines are extremely susceptible to P. hordei, the other two have a very high level of partial resistance. A histological study based on a trypan blue staining indicated that stoma penetration by P. hordei isolate 1.2.1 was equally successful on the susceptible as on the partially resistant adult barley plants. Abortion of substomatal vesicles was rare in all lines. These results do not support a hypothesis that mechanisms of partial resistance in adult plants differ from those in seedlings by a substantial abortive stoma penetration. Also in the nonhost combinations wheat-P. hordei and barley-P. recondita f.sp. tritici inhibition of stoma penetration and of substomatal vesicle development appears to play a biologically insignificant role in adult plants. The proportion of stoma penetration on the leaf sheaths of two of the barley lines was as high as on the leaf blades of the flag leaf and the leaf below the flag leaf. There was no evidence for stomatal exclusion as a crucial factor in the relatively low infectibility of leaf sheaths to leaf-blade specialized rust species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051855
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Infrared thermometry leaf temperature measurements and common root rot of spring wheat and spring barley (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; common root rot ; infrared thermometry ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In field trials done from 1983 to 1985, two cultivars of wheat and two cultivars of barley were rated periodically for common root rot, and leaf temperatures were recorded with a hand-held infrared thermometer. Significant differences for common root rot occurred between cultivars of both wheat and barley but leaf temperatures did not differ among cultivars. Disease rating and leaf temperature were not correlated in wheat and only 2 of 47 comparisons were positively correlated in barley.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370657
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A model to describe the pattern of availability of broadcast phosphorus fertilizer during the growth of a crop (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): cabbage ; fertilizer ; granule ; interception ; lettuce ; model ; phosphorus ; root ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A model is described which compares the rate of phosphorus demand of a field grown lettuce crop with the rate at which the crop can obtain phosphorus from broadcast fertilizer. Early root growth of lettuce is so slow that on average it takes about 21 days for the first granule of fertilizer to be exploited by a plant, whereas seed reserves of phosphorus are depleted within about 8 days of sowing. This is likely to result in a reduction in yield which cannot be overcome by simply applying more broadcast fertilizer. Some placement of fertilizer near to each plant is required if phosphorus deficiency is to be avoided. The model can also be applied to other crops, and the delay before the first fertilizer granule is exploited is shown to be slightly shorter in cabbage and very short in wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370656
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In situ nitrate reductase activity as an indicator of nitrate availability (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; fertilizer ; nitrate ; nitrate reductase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of external nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution on nitrate reduction by 7-day-old barley seedlings was investigated using anin situ nitrate reductase activity (NRA) assay, performed with or without exogenous nitrate during the incubation. The difference between plus and minus nitrate NRA of the leaves related to plus nitrate NRA decreased with increasing nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution. Furthermore, the root contribution to the whole plant NRA became predominant at low external nitrate levels. It is proposed that plus and minus nitrate NRA should be used together as an indicator of nitrate availability in the medium and of root contribution to whole plant nitrate reduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370917
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen fixation potential of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) compared with other grain legumes under controlled conditions (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 98 (1987), S. 169-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Glycine ; Greenhouse ; N accumulation ; Nodulation ; Ontogeny ; Phaseolus ; Rhizobia ; Vigna
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Greenhouse experiments were done under favorable conditions to compare effective bean symbioses with cowpea and soybean symbioses and with N-fertilized controls. Growth, N-accumulation, nodulation, acetylene reduction, hydrogen evolution and the effect of native rhizobia on symbiotic performance were evaluated. Relative N accumulation (in symbiotic plants relative to N-fertilized plants) was higher for soybean (43%) than for the other symbioses (25–39%) at four weeks, but from four to six weeks both soybean (96%) and cowpea (92%) accumulated relatively more N than did beans (56–78%). Inferior performance of beans could not be atributed to differences in acetylene reduction or nodule weight, but bean nodules were smaller and more numerous and evolved more hydrogen (Relative energetic efficiency was 0.5 to 0.7 in bean, 0.95 in cowpea and soybean). Relative N accumulation was influenced by N accumulation characteristics of the fertilized plants as well as the symbiotic plants. The vegetative N-fixation period of early maturing beans was shorter than for cowpeas of similar maturation date; the beans flowered earlier and had a longer pod-filling period. There was no evidence that the common bean symbiosis was more sensitive than the others to competition from native rhizobia. With mixed populations of effective rhizobia, hydrogen evolution in otherPhaseolus species (P. acutifolius, P. coccineus, P. filiformis, P. lunatus) was similar to that inP. vulgaris and higher than in cowpea or soybean. Although failure to establish effective nodulation is often considered the reason for poor N-fixation by common bean in the field, the species may be genetically predisposed to poor fixation because of symbiotic inefficiency and the short vegetative fixation period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374821
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sensitivity of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) symbiosis to high soil temperature (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 98 (1987), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Glycine ; Mulching ; N fixation ; Nodulation ; Phaseolus ; Rhizobium Soil ; Temperature ; Vigna
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Experiments were done to test whether N fixation is more sensitive to high soil temperatures in common bean than in cowpea or soybean. Greenhouse experiments compared nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth and nitrogen accumulation of several host/strain combinations of common bean with the other grain legumes and with N-fertilization, at various root temperatures. Field experiments compared relative N-accumulation (in symbiotic relative to N-fertilized plants) of common bean with cowpea under different soil thermal regimes. N-fertilized beans were unaffected by the higher temperatures, but nitrogen accumulation by symbiotic beans was always more sensitive to high root temperatures (33°C, 33/28°C, 34/28°C compared with 28°C) than were cowpea and soybean symbiosis. Healthy bean nodules that had developed at low temperatures functioned normally in acetylene reduction tests done at 35°C. High temperatures caused little or no suppression of nodule number. However, bean nodules produced at high temperatures were small and had low specific activity. ForP. vulgaris some tolerance to high temperature was observed among rhizobium strains (e.g., CIAT 899 was tolerant) but not among host cultivars. Heat tolerance ofP. acutifolius andP. lunatus symbioses was similar to that of cowpea and soybean. In the field, high surface soil temperatures did not reduce N accumulation in symbiotic beans more than in cowpea, probably because of compensatory nodulation in the deeper and cooler parts of the soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374822
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nodulation, nitrogen fixation and nitrogen uptake in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) of different maturity groups (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 99 (1987), S. 255-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Cajanus cajan ; Maturity groups ; Nitrogenase activity ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen uptake ; Nodulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The seasonal patterns of nodulation, acetylene reduction, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fixation were studies for 11 pigeonpea cultivars belonging to different maturity groups grown on an Alfisol at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India. In all cultivars the nodule number and mass increased to a maximum around 60–80 days after sowing and then declined. The nodule number and mass of medium- and late-maturing cultivars was greater than that of early-maturing cultivars. The nitrogenase activity per plant increased to 60 days after sowing and declined thereafter, with little activity at 100 days when the crop was flowering. At later stages of plant growth nodules formed down to 90 cm below the soil surface but those at greater depth appeared less active than those near the surface. All the 11 cultivars continued to accumulate dry matter until 140 days, with most biomass production by the late-maturing cultivars (up to 11 t ha−1) and least by the early-maturing determinate cultivars (4 t ha−1). Total nitrogen uptake ranged from 69 to 134 kg ha−1. Nitrogen fixation by pigeonpea was estimated as the difference in total nitrogen uptake between pigeonpea and sorghum and could amount to 69 kg N ha−1 per season, or half the total nitrogen uptake. Fixation by pigeonpea increased with crop duration, but there were differences within each maturity group. The limitations of the methods used for estimating N2 fixation by pigeonpea are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370872
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A study of nodulation and nitrogen fixation of alder on the purplish soils in China (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 99 (1987), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Alder ; Actinomyces ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Purplish soil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The alder has a perennial nodule cluster. The nodule amount on the roots increases with tree age. The N2-fixing activity of nodules decreases with nodule age. Purple coloured soils with various soil pHs and CaCO3 contents are, in the main, the ones which influence nodulation and N2-fixing. Higher N2-fixing capacity existed in the neutral and low calcium soils. High calcium soils and acid soils can restrain nodulation and the N2-fixing rate significantly. On the slope, where calcarous light loams are found, the annual nitrogen fixation capacity of alder and cypress mixed plantations, less than 10 years old, is 16 or 17 kg/ha yr, but in the valley, a pure alder plantation can reach 40 kg/ha yr.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370875
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plant regeneration from embryo-callus culture in barley (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 659-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; regeneration ; somaclonal variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Plants were regenerated from callus cultures initiated from immature embryos of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. Immature embryos from seven diverse genotypes were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg 2,4-D and 6.5 mg IAA/l. Of the 249 embryos cultured, 30% initiated callus within 8 days. Subculture of callus for 80 to 100 days on half-MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l zeatin resulted in organogenesis. Culture of organogenic calli for 30 days on half-MS medium without growth regulators produced plants which originated mostly via multiple shoot formation. Callusing response of the tested genotypes ranged from zero to 44%; however, only 23% of the calli were regenerative. Regenerated plants included variants for chlorophyll deficiency, plant height, stem thickness, spike shape, pollen fertility, seed set and ploidy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041516
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of presowing seed treatment with molybdenum and cobalt on growth, nitrogen and yield in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 86 (1985), S. 283-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Bean ; Cobalt ; Molybdenum ; Nitrogen ; Nodulation ; Seed treatment ; Yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Cv. ‘Burpees Stringless’) seeds were subjected to two cycles of presowing soaking and drying treatments with sodium molybdate and cobalt nitrite at 1 and 5 ppm concentrations used separately and also in combination. Sodium molybdate 2 ppm and cobalt nitrite 1 ppm used singly proved better than the remaining treatments with respect to nodulation, dry matter, nitrogen and yield. Combined treatment with sodium molybdate and cobalt nitrite did not produce additive effect on any parameter studied compared to their usage alone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182905
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies of an effective strain ofFrankia fromAllocasuarina lehmanniana of the Casuarinaceae (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Allocasuarina ; Casuarina ; Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Seedlings ofCasuarina spp. andAllocasuarina spp. were grown from seed in the greenhouse and inoculated with a nodule suspension fromC. equisetifolia. Plants ofCasuarina spp. nodulated regularly and were effective in nitrogen-fixation. Only one species ofAllocasuariona, A. lehmanniana formed root nodules. Using these plants as source of inoculum, the isolation of a newFrankia sp. HFPA11I1 (HFP022 801) was made and the strain was grown in pure culture.Frankia sp. HFPA11I1 grows well in a defined medium and shows typical morphological characteristics. In media lacking combined nitrogen, the filamentours bacterium forms terminal vesicles in abundance and differentiaties large intrahyphal or terminal sporangia containing numerous spores. This strain, used as inoculum, nodulates effectively seedlings ofC. equisietifolia andC. cunninghamiana, forming nodules with verically-growing nodule roots. Although effective in acetylene reduction, the endophyte within the nodules is filamentous and lacks veiscles. When used to inoculated seedlings ofA llocasuarina lehmanniana, Frankia sp. HFPA11I1 induces root nodules which are coralloid and lacking nodule roots. The nodules are effective in acetylene reduction and the filamentous hyphae ofFrankia within the nodule lobes lack vesicles. Effective nodulation inA. Lehmanniana depends upon environmental conditions of the seedlings and proceeds much more slowly than in Casuariana.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277643
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preinfection events in the establishment of Alnus-Frankia symbiosis: Development of a spot inoculation technique (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 67-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Alnus glutinosa ; Frankia ; Microcarriers ; Nodulation ; Spot inoculation ; Symbiosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The early biochemical and structural events associated with the infection of Alnus byFrankia are still largely unknown. These studies have been hampered by the difficulty of localizing precisely the site of inoculation on the root surface and of standardizing the inoculum dose. To facilitate these investigations, we describe a new spot inoculation method wellsuited to study the Alnus-Frankia system. This method involves the growth ofFrankia in the presence of microcarrier and their subsequent deposition on the alder root surface as an inoculum dose. The ability of this new procedure to induce nodulation close to the point of inoculation has been observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277649
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Large scale inoculation of actinorhizal plants withFrankia (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Actinorhizae ; Alnus ; Elaeagnus ; Frankia inoculum ; Hippophaë ; Myrica ; Nodulation ; Shepherdia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary From 1979 to 1984 more than seven million seedlings of actinorhizal plants were successfully inoculated on an industrial scale withFrankia inoculants. Nodulated seedlings were produced in greenhouses to be used for land reclamation in northern Québec by the Societe d'Energie de la Baie James (SEBJ) and also by the City of Montréal for a revegetation program. Crushed-nodule homogenates andFrankia pure culture formulations were compared for large scale inoculation of green alder. Pure culture inoculant was found to be superior than crushed-nodule homogenates yielding reproducible nodulation of seedlings. Two inoculation methods of theFrankia pure culture inocula were compared: soil injection and spraying with greenhouse watering devices. Both methods resulted in efficient nodulation ofAlnus crispa, A. glutinosa, A. rugosa, Elaeagnus angustifolia, E. commutata, Hippophaë rhamnoides, Myrica gale andShepherdia argentea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277658
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Etude expérimentale de la symbiose entre la luzerne etRhizobium meliloti. Mise au point d'une miniserre (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 84 (1985), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Compétitivité ; Luzerne ; Miniserre ; Nodulation ; Rhizobium meliloti
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Non mobile (mob−) and non chemotactic (chem−) mutants ofRhizobium meliloti Ve 26 have been isolated so that the importance of these characters in lucerne nodulation in liquid medium and in solid medium might be known. In liquid medium the mutants developed a number of nodules equal to those obtained from parental strains; on the opposite, in solid medium (perlite, soil) the study in an adapted experimental mini-greenhouse showed that the mobility and chemotactic characters improved the nodulation and greatly increased the competitive capacity of the strains that possessed them.
    Notizen: Resumé Des mutants non mobiles (mob−) et non chimiotactiques (chem−) deRhizobium meliloti Ve 26 ont été isolés afin de connaître l'importance de ces caractères dans la nodulation de la luzerne en milieu liquide et en milieu solide. En milieu liquide les mutants produisent un nombre de nodules équivalent à ceux des souches parentales; par contre, en milieu solide (perlite, sol) l'étude réalisée dans une ‘miniserre’ expérimentale adaptée montre que les caractères de mobilité et de chimiotactisme favorisent la nodulation et augmentent notablement le pouvoir compétitif des souches qui les possèdent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197864
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of varying levels and frequencies of irrigation on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency of maize and cowpeas on a sandy loam ultisol (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 84 (1985), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Cowpeas ; Irrigation regime ; Maize ; Nodulation ; Nutrient uptake ; Water use efficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A greenhouse study was carried out on an Nsukka sandy loam Ultisol having low soil moisture retention capacity to investigate the soil moisture regime and irrigation frequency required for optimum growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Four irrigation amounts (400 cm3, 300 cm3, 200 cm3 and 100 cm3 equivalent to 100, 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity, respectively) and four irrigation frequencies (daily, 2-day, 3-day and 4-day intervals) were tested in a factorial randomized design with three replications. Growth of maize was best when irrigation with water equivalent to 75% field capacity at daily interval but the optimum yields and nutrient uptake of both crops as well as cowpea nodulation were obtained when irrigating with water equivalent to 100% field capacity at daily or 2-day interval. The optimum water use efficiency was, however, achieved when irragating with amount equivalent to 100% field capacity at a 2-day interval. Irrigation with water equivalent to 50 or 25% field capacity at any interval resulted in various degrees of moisture stress which manifested in poor crop performance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143182
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Numerical taxonomic analysis of cross-inoculation patterns of legumes and Rhizobium (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 84 (1985), S. 225-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Cross-inoculation ; Legumes ; Nodulation ; Numerical taxonomy ; Rhizobium ; Symbiotic specificity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A survey was made of published results of tests of the capacity of Rhizobium derived from one legume genus to nodulate plants from other genera. The data were derived from more than 14,000 separate cross-inoculation trials involving species from 165 genera of legumes. Numerical taxonomic techniques were applied to 113 of the genera for which results of substantial cross-infection tests were available. The data were examined using mean character difference coefficients re-expressed as total and positive-only similarity coefficients. The resulting similarity matrices were clustered by the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages. Eighteen affinity groups were defined at the 70% similarity level. With few exceptions, the physiological and cultural behavior of the rhizobia was consistent within the defined groups. Two broad categories were suggested in the numerical taxonomic analysis, and their validity is discussed in regard to the geographic, physiological and cultural characteristics of the legumes and their Rhizobium microsymbionts. The taxonomic and agronomic value of this approach and the new groupings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143186
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of applied nitrate on growth and N2-fixation inCicer arietinum L. (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 86 (1985), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Cicer Nitrate application ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrogenase ; Nodulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Application of nitrate, either weekly or at the time of nodulation and pod-filling, significantly retarded nodule development and exerted a delay effect on the rate of N2-fixating. However, after a certain period of time, its effect on nitrogenase became less conspicuous. Nitrate enhanced nitrate reductase activity in leaves as well as in nodules. At the initial stages, nitrate treated plants accumulated dry mass at a higher rate than those growing exclusively on atmospheric nitrogen. Nitrate induced premature senescence of plants towards the final stages of growth and lowered both the seed number per plant as well as weight of individual seed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182898
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The potential for breeding white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with improved nodulation and nitrogen fixation when grown with combined nitrogen (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 88 (1985), S. 181-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Breeding ; Nitrate nitrogen ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Trifolium repens ; White clover
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Sodium nitrate applications ranging from 0.36 to 22.84 mM N were shown to depress rates of nodule formation and reduce total nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) in white clover plants grown in aseptic test tube culture. Low nitrate levels gave an initial depression in symbiotic activity but the reduction was of short duration and these treatments were subsequently associated with enhanced rates of nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. As a result, phenotypic variation appeared to be strongly differentially affected by the amount of nitrate present. A subsequent experiment suggested that much of the variation was a consequence of early enhancement of plant growth rates by low levels of nitrate followed by rapid depletion thus giving a transitory inhibitory effect. This was confirmed in a third experiment in which the range of nitrate concentration was held constant. Differential effects on variability in nodule formation and nitrogen fixation were then greatly reduced but there was still a residual level of plant-to-plant variation. The results have clear implications for selecting genetic variants capable of fixing di-nitrogen in the presence of combined N. The provision of a single limiting dose of combined nitrogen to a population containing individuals with inherently different growth rates can bring about variations in the phenotypic expression of symbiotic characters. These variations are unlikely to be based on genetic factors which have a direct and stable effect on nodule development and nitrogenase activity. The implications of the results for plant breeding are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182445
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Host-specificity and biology ofMetallactus patagonicus [Col.: Chrysomelidae] introduced into Australia for the biological control ofBaccharis halimifolia [Compositae] (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 329-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Metallactus patagonicus ; Baccharis halimifolia ; Biological control ; Metallactus patagonicus ; Baccharis halimifolia ; lutte biologique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La biologie et la spécificité deMatallactus patagonicus, défoliateurChrysomelidae ont été étudiées au Brésil afin de déterminer ses aptitudes en vue de son introduction en Australie pour lutter contreBaccharis halimifolia L. Des essais de préférence réalisés avec de multiples plantes voisines deBaccharis et appartenant à toute une série de familles végétales, ont montré queM. patagonicus est inféodé auxBaccharis spp. Il a été lâché en Australie en 1975, mais il ne s'est pas établi.
    Notizen: Abstract Biology and host-specificity of the foliage-feeding chrysomelidMetallactus patagonicus Suffrian were studied in Brazil to determine its suitability for introduction into Australia to control the shrubBaccharis halimifolia L. Multiple-choice host preference testing of plants related toBaccharis and of desirable plants from a range of plant families, showed thatM. patagonicus was restricted toBaccharis spp. It was released in Australia in 1975, but did not establish.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372441
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological control ofAphis pomi [Hom.: Aphididae] ofAphidoletes aphidimyza [Dip.: Cecidomyiidae]; a predator-prey model (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 339-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Aphidoletes aphidimyza ; Aphis pomi ; Biological control ; predatoryprey model ; Aphidoletes aphidimyza ; Aphis pomi ; lutte biologique ; modèle prédateur/proie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La prédation d'A. pomi parAphidoletes aphidimyza a été simulée dans un verger de pommiers du Michigan en employant un ordinateur et les résultats ont été validés par comparaison aux données récoltées à partir de cages de mousseline enfermant des pousses terminales de pommiers infestées d'Aphides. Les seuils de température inférieur et supérieur pour le développement étaient 2.9 et 35°C pour les larves d'A. pomi avec une durée moyenne de développement de 162.3(degré/jour). La survie moyenne d'un adulte d'A. pomi était de 364,3 (degré/jour) avec une fécondité moyenne de 60,7 descendants/♀. Le seuil inférieur et la durée de développement étaient respectivement pour l'œuf d'A. aphidimyza 10,5°C et 25,5 (degré/jour) et pour la larve 8,1°C et 65.5 (degré/jour). La réponse fonctionnelle des larves était du type II avec sur les ordonnées une asymptote de 45 aphides tués/prédateur. L'utilisation d'un modèle à générations multiples à partir de différentes densités prédateurs/proies indiquait que les rapports critiques courants prédateurs/proie employés à l'extérieur pour décider d'un intervention peuvent sous estimer l'efficacité du prédateur.
    Notizen: Abstract Predation ofAphis pomi DeGeer [Hom.: Aphididae] byAphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) [Dipt.: Cecidomyiidae] was simulated in Michigan apple orchards using a computer and output validated against field data collected from sleeve cages enclosing aphid infested apple terminals. Lower and upper temperature thresholds for development were 2.9 and 35°C for nymphs ofA. pomi with a mean immature developmental period of 162.3 heat units. Median survivorship of adultA. pomi was 364.3 heat units with an average fecundity of 60.7 offspring per female.A. aphidimyza egg and larval lower threshold and developmental periods were 10.5 and 25.5, 8.1°C and 65.5 heat units, respectively. Larval functional response showed Type II behavior with a y-asymptote of 45 aphids killed per predator. Multiple generation model runs performed under different initial predator: prey densities indicated that current critical predator: prey ratios used in the field for control decisions may underestimate predator efficacy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372443
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Host-specificity of fiveAnacassis species [Col.: Chrysomelidae] introduced into australia for the biological control ofBaccharis halimifolia [Compositae] (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 377-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Baccharis halimifolia ; Anacassis spp. ; Biological control ; Baccharis halimifolia ; Anacassis spp. ; lutte biologique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des Coléoptères phytophages du genreAnacassis (A. phaeopode) Buzzi,A. fuscata (Klug),A. fuscata var.unicolor (Burmeister),A. cribrum (Klug) etA. dubia ont été récoltés surBaccharis spp. etBaccharidastrum spp. en Amérique du Sud. Les études portant sur la spécificité ont montré qu'elle était limitée à ces 2 genres d'hôtes. Entre 1974 et 1976 ces espèces ont été introduites en Australie pour lutter contreBaccharis halimifolia. A. phaeopoda etA. fuscata furent lâchés initialement en 1976. Une colonie d'A. fuscata persista durant 3 ans, mais on ne découvrit aucun individu d'A. phaeopoda après la première génération développée en plein air. Les autres espèces moururent dans les locaux de la quarantaine et aucune ne put être lâchée.
    Notizen: Abstract Foliage-feeding beetles of the genusAnacassis [A. phaeopoda Buzzi,A. fuscata (Klug),A. fuscata var.unicolor (Burmeister),A. cribrum (Klug) andA. dubia (Boheman)] were collected fromBaccharis spp. andBaccharidastrum spp. in South America. Specificity studies showed that they were restricted to these 2 host genera. Between 1974 and 1976 these species were introduced into Australia for the control ofBaccharis halimifolia. A. phaeopoda andA. fuscata were first released in 1976. One field colony ofA. fuscata persisted for up to 3 years but no recoveries ofA. phaeopoda were made after the 1st field generation. The other species died out in quarantine and were not released.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372446
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seasonal abundance of the crapemyrtle aphid,Sarucallis kahawaluokalani, in relation to the pecan aphids,Monellia caryella andMonelliopsis pecanis and their common predators (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 511-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): alternate host ; biocontrol ; habitat manipulation ; augmentation ; Hôte alternant ; lutte biologique ; manipulation de l'environnement ; augmentation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'abondance saisonnière du puceron de la myrte noire,Sarucallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) et la majorité de ses prédateurs qui sont communs avec les pucerons du pacanier,Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell etMonellia caryella (Fitch) ont été déterminés dans le nord de la Floride. Les populations deS. kahawaluokalani furent tri et bimodales au cours des 2 années étudiées et les populations maximales deS. kahawaluokalani précédaient celles du complexe des pucerons du pacanier. Les sommets des populations de prédateurs représentés par desCoccinellidae, desSyrphidae, desChrysopidae, desMiridae et desAnthocoridae soit coïncident, soit se produisent juste après les sommets deS. kahawaluokalani. L'implication de ces observations en ce qui concerne l'emploi deS. kahawaluokalani, comme hôte alternant des prédateurs des pucerons du pacanier et les possibilités de manipulation du système pour accroître la lutte biologique dans le cas du pacanier sont discutées. L'emploi de ce système est préconisé pour augmenter et manipuler des prédateurs polyphages dans d'autres systèmes de culture.
    Notizen: Abstract The seasonal abundance of the crapemyrtle aphid,Sarucallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy), and the majority of its predators that are common with the yellow pecan aphid,Monelliopsis pecanis Bissel, and the blackmargined aphid,Monellia caryella (Fitch), were determined in norh Florida.S. kahawaluokalani populations were tri — and bimodal in the 2 years studied and peak populations ofS. kahawaluokalani preceeded those of the pecan aphid complex. Peaks in predator populations consisting of Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, Chrysopidae and Anthocoridae, either coincided with or occurred just afterS. kahawaluokalani peaks. The implications of the findings with respect to use ofS. kahawaluokalani as an alternate host of predators of pecan aphids and the potential for manipulation of the system to enhance biological control in pecan are discussed. The use of this system is advocated for augmentation and manipulation of generalist predators in other crop systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373520
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Collections of natural enemies ofLeptinotarsa decemlineata [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] in Mexico, 1980–1985 (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; biological control ; Mexico ; Oplomus ; Chrysomelobia labidomerae ; Edovum puttleri ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; lutte biologique ; Mexique ; Oplomus ; Chrysomelobia labidomerae ; Edovum puttleri
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Trois voyages ont été entrepris dans le centre du Mexique pour rechercher les ennemis naturels deLeptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) en 1980, 1983 et 1985. Dix-huit espèces d'ennemis naturels ont été trouvées associées aux 10 espèces deLeptinotarsa. Les pentatomides Asopine dominent dans les récoltes, suivis par les tachinaires parasites et les hémiptères et les coléoptères prédateurs. Les ennemis naturels peuvent jouer un rôle primordial dans la régulation des populations deLeptinotarsa au Mexique. Leur capacité d'adaptation aux climats septentrionaux est incertaine.
    Notizen: Abstract Three trips were taken to central Mexico to search for natural enemies ofLeptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in 1980, 1983, and 1985. 18 natural enemy species were found associated with 10 species ofLeptinotarsa. Asopine pentatomids dominate the collections, followed by tachnid parasites and hemipteran and coleopteran predators. Natural enemies may play a major role in regulating populations ofLeptinotarsa in Mexico. Their adaptability to northern climates is unclear.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373247
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Predation and parasitism of cotton leafworm eggs,Alabama argillacea [Lep.: Noctuidae] (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Cotton leafworm ; Alabama argillacea ; biological control ; predation and predatism ; Noctuelle du coton ; Alabama argillacea ; lutte biologique ; prédation et parasitisme
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'identification et l'efficacité des arthropodes prédateurs et parasites intervenant dans la limitation naturelle des populations d'Alabama argillacea (Huebner) ont fait l'object d'études dans une culture de coton à Jaboticabal, Etat de São Paulo au Brésil. Les plantes ont été marquées au hasard et les œufs trouvés ont été indiqués par des flèches de ruban adhésif pour l'observation de la prédation et du parasitisme. Pour évaluer et identifier la faune des arthropodes sur le mètre linéaire contenant la plante marquée, des observations visuelles et des récoltes au moyen du D-Vac ® et du “beat sheet” ont été utilisées. Le taux moyen de prédation pendant la saison, en présence de 23,0 prédateurs par mètre linéaire a été de 50,6% et le parasitisme parTrichogrammatoidea sp. a été de 44,9% soit au total une réduction de 95,5% des œufs. Les espèces de prédateurs trouvés, ont été, en ordre décroissant:Pheidole sp. (Formicidae), Chrysso clementinae Petrunkewitch (Araneidae), Orius insidiosus Say. (Anthocoridae), Ceratocapsus marilieasis Carvalho & Fontes (Miridae) etHyperaspis festiva (Mulsant) (Coccinellidae).
    Notizen: Abstract The identification and efficiency of arthropod predator and parasites related to natural control of cotton leafworm eggs,Alabama argillacea (Huebner), were studied in a cotton field, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Plants were marked randomly and the eggs found on them were indicated by arrow tapes for predation and parasitism observations. To evaluate and identify the arthropod fauna in the row-meter containing the marked plant, visual countings and collections using D-Vac ® and “beat sheet” were used. The average predation rate during the season, in the presence of 23.0 predators per row-meter, was 50.6% and the parasitism byTrichogrammatoidea annulata was 44.9% totaling 95.5% of egg reduction. In decreasing order of abundance, the arthropod predators found were the antPheidole sp., the spiderChrysso clementinae Petrunkevitch, the hemipteraOrius insidiosus Say andCeratocapsus mariliensis Carvalho & Fontes, and the coccinellidHyperaspis festiva (Mulsant).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373246
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection on the male hemizygous genotype in arrhenotokous insects and mites (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Aphytis ; arrhenotoky ; biological control ; haplo-diploidy ; selection ; Aphytis ; arrhénotoquie ; lutte biologique ; haplo-diploïdi ; sélection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les Hyménoptères et les Acariens à reproduction arrhénotoque renferment beaucoup d'ennemis naturels importants. Ce système de reproduction offre l'occasion de sélection sur les mâles hémizygotes, avec les avantages afférents d'un génotype non masqué totalement exposé à la sélection, d'une fréquence augmentée de génotypes exprimant des gènes rares et d'une discrimination accrue de caractères dans les populations mâles produites par les femelles vierges. Une intensité de sélection amplifiée et une dérive génétique réduite peuvent offrir des avantages supplémentaires. La méthode est limitée aux caractères affichés par les mâles et peut réclamer des techniques intensives de laboratoire et une recherche d'espèce spécifique. On a montré que cette méthode est utilisable avecAphytis holoxanthus DeBach (Hym.: Aphelinidae), parasite important du Pou de Floride,Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) (Hom.: Diaspididae).
    Notizen: Abstract Arrhenotokously reproducing Hymenoptera and Acarina include many important natural enemies. This reproductive system offers the opportunity of selection on hemizygous (♂ ♂), with the attendant advantages of an unmasked genotype fully exposed to selection, in creased frequency of genotypes expressing rare genes, and enhanced discrimination of characters, in all-♂ populations produced by virgin (♀ ♀). Increased selection intensity and reduced genetic drift may offer additional advantages. The method is limited to characters displayed by (♂ ♂), and may require labor-intensive techniques and species-specific research. The method has been shown to be practicable withAphytis holoxanthus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), an important parasite of the Florida red scale,Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) (Homoptera: Diaspididae).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373249
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A test method for pesticide tolerance in minute parasiticHymenoptera (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Aphytis ; biological control ; parasitic Hymenoptera ; pesticide tolerance ; resistance ; toxicological methodology ; Aphytis ; lutte biologique ; hyménoptères parasites ; pesticide ; tolérance ; résistance ; essais toxicologiques
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La résistance aux pesticides est devenue largement répandue chez les ravageurs, mais elle n'a été que rarement mentionnée chez leurs ennemis naturels. Des agents de lutte biologique résistants peuvent jouer un rôle important dans les programmes de Lutte Intégrée en réduisant le nombre d'espéces nécessitant une lutte chimique et en limitant l'ensemble des applications de pesticides. Le manque de techniques toxicologiques appropriées aux insectes petits, fragiles et hautement actifs, peut limiter les projets de choix et de sélection. Les méthodes toxicologiques disponibles ont été trouvées comme non satisfaisantes pour notre travail avecAphytis holoxanthus DeBach—(Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae), parasite du Pou de Floride,Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) (Homoptera : Diaspididae). Une méthode alimentaire test, basée sur l'accès contrôlé à des solutions pesticides appâts, a été développée. Des concentrations progressives de malathion dans des solutions de sucrose ont été offertes dans des cellules de Munger adaptées en combinant ainsi les effets par contact et par ingestion du poison. Les cages d'élevage et de traitment, les procédés de fabrication et de manipulation ont été adaptés pour le travail avec les grands nombres d'individus requis pour des résultats statistiquement significatifs. La méthode se prête à la récupération des survivants qui pourraient être utilisés dans des expériences de multiplication et de sélection. Les résultats obtenus avec plusieurs populations test sont représentés par le rapport entre le dosage et la mortalité dont les valeurs de la DL 50 correspondante et leur limite ont été calculées. Le procédé décrit peut se révéler souhaitable pour des programmes de sélection avec des espèces semblables, dont beaucoup sont d'importants agents de lutte biologique et avec un large éventail de pesticides combinant les effets de contact et d'ingestion.
    Notizen: Abstract In contrast to many pest species, important biological control agents have only rarely been found to be pesticide resistant. Biochemical and ecological mechanisms have been implicated, but lack of toxicological techniques suitable for the minute and fragile insects concerned may limit screening and research projects. Standard techniques are criticized, and a method utilizing controlled access to pesticidecontaining sucrose solutions is described. The method was used to test tolerance ofAphytis holoxanthus to malathion, and is suggested for screening and selection experiments with this and similar species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02390934
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RearingTetrastichus gallerucae [hymenoptera: Eulophidae] for biological control of the ELM leaf beetleXanthogaleruca luteola (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 457-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Tetrastichus gallerucae ; Xanthogaleruca luteola ; biological control ; rearing techniques ; egg parasitoids ; Tetrastichus gallerucae ; Xanthogaleruca luteola ; lutte biologique ; techniques d'élevages ; parasitoïdes oophages
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Tetrastichus gallerucae (Fonscolombe) a été récolté, en France en 1985 et a été élevé à la Division de Lutte Biologique à Albany, Californie, pour la lutte contreXanthogaleruca luteola (Müller), la galéruque de l'orme, en Californie du nord. On peut élever ce parasitoïde facilement en gardant les œufs sur un substrat humide, pour empêcher leur dessication et en arrêtant la croissance des moisissures par une forte ventilation. Une colonie de laboratoire d'adultes de la galéruque de l'orme fournit constamment des œufs frais pour les parasitoïdes. En 1985 et 1986 plus de 80.000T. gallerucae ont été introduits dans 17 points de lâchers.
    Notizen: Abstract Tetrastichus gallerucae (Fonscolombe) was collected in southern France in 1985 and is being reared at the Division of Biological Control in Albany, Ca for use against the elm leaf beetle (ELB),Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller) in northern California. This egg parasitoid can be reared easily by keeping the beetle eggs on a moist substrate to prevent desiccation and by inhibiting the growth of mold with air currents. A laboratory colony of ELB adults provides a constant supply of fresh eggs for the parasitoids. In 1985 and 1986 over 80,000T. gallerucae were released at 17 sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373514
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parasitism ofLeptinotarsa decemlineata [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] byEdovum puttleri [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] in different cultivars of eggplant (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 503-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Colorado potato beetle ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Edovum puttleri ; eggplant ; biological control ; Doryphore ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Edovum puttleri ; aubergine ; lutte biologique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé En vue de quantifier le parasitisme Du Doryphore,Leptinotarsa decemtineata (Say) par le parasitoïde oophageEdovum puttleri Grissell, des expériences furent conduites sur trois différents cultivars d'aubergine,Solanum melongena L. Les niveaux de parasitisme étaient plus élevés (P〈0.05) sur «Black Pride» que sur les autres cultivars. Le pourcentage des pontes parasitées était 1,2 fois plus élevétés par ponte était 1,3 et 1,4 fois plus grant (P〈0.05) sur «Black Price» que sur «Harris Spccial» et «White» respectivement. Le pourcentage d'œufs parasités par ponte et le pourcentage de parasitoïdes adultes émergeant ne variaient pas (P〉0.05) entre les cultivars et s'établissait en moyenne entre 47 et 55 et 73 et 79% respectivement sur tous les cultivars. Les sex-ratio des parasitoïdes éclos ne différaient pas (P〉0.05) entre les cultivars; entre 2,1 et 2,6 fois plus de femelles que de mâles émergeaient des œufs sur tous les cultivars durant la saison-Edovum puttleri supprimait la deuxième génération deL. decemlineata sur «Black Pride» et «Harris Special», mais ne la supprimait pas sur «White».
    Notizen: Abstract Experiments were conducted to quantify parasitism of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), by the egg parasitoid,Edovum puttleri Grissell, on 3 different cultivars of eggplant,Solanum melongena L. Levels of parasitism were higher (P〈0.05) on ‘Black Pride’ than on other cultivars. The percentage of egg masses that were parasitized was 1.2-fold higher (P〈0.05) on ‘Black Pride’ than on ‘Harris Special’ and ‘White’. The number of eggs per mass that were parasitized was 1.3- and 1.4- fold greater (P〈0.05) on ‘Black Pride’ than on ‘Harris Special’ and ‘White’, respectively. The percentage of eggs that were parasitized per mass and percentage of emerged adult parasitoids did not differ (P〉0.05) among cultivars; between 2.1- to 2.6- fold more females than males emerged from eggs on all cultivars during the growing season.Edovum puttleri suppressed the 2nd generation ofL. decemlineata on ‘Black Pride’ and ‘Harris Special’, but did not suppress populations on ‘White’.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373519
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological control of citrus mealybug,Planococcus citri with an introduced parasite,Leptomastix dactylopii in India (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Citrus ; mealybug ; Planococcus citri ; biocontrol ; Leptomastix dactylopii ; Citrus ; Cochenille farineuse ; Planococcus citri ; lutte biologique ; Leptomastix dactylopii
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Planococcus citri (Risso) est un des principaux ravageurs des vergers de citrus indiens. Pour lutter contreP. citri, un parasite Encyrtidae,Leptomastix dactylopii How. a été introduit de la région des Caraïbes en 1983. Le parasite a été multiplié et des lâchers inoculatifs ont été réalisés dans 2 vergers de citrus choisis où les infestations sur fruits (oranges douces, limes sans pépins, limes acides) s'échelonnaient de 38 à 65 p. 100. Il résulta de l'établissement du parasite dans les 2 vergers de lâchers, le contrôle complet de la Pseudococcine en l'espace de 3 à 4 mois. En conséquence, nul traitement insecticide ne fut nécessaire au cours des saisons suivantes pour lutter contreP. citri.
    Notizen: Abstract Planococcus citri (Risso) is one of the major pests of citrus orchards in India. For the control ofP. citri, an encyrtid parasite,Leptomastix dactylopii How. was introduced from West Indies in 1983. The parasite was mass bred and inoculative releases were made in 2 selected citrus orchards where infestation of mealybug on fruits (sweet orange, seedless lime and acid lime) ranged from 38 to 65 per cent. Establishment of the parasite in the 2 release orchards resulted in complete control of the mealybug within 3 to 4 months. No insecticidal sprays were required subsequently for the control ofP. citri in the following seasons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373124
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introduction dans le Sud-Est de la france d'un parasite:Pauesia cedrobii [Hym.: Aphidiidae] du puceron:Cedrobium laportei [Hom.: Lachnidae] du cèdre de l'atlas:Cedrus atlantica (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 127-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Cedrus atlantica ; Cedrobium laportei ; lutte biologique ; introduction auxiliaire ; Pauesia cedrobii ; Cedrus atlantica ; Cedrobium laportei ; biological control ; natural enemies introduction ; Pauesia cedrobii
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Pauesia cedrobii Stary et Leclant, a specific parasite of the cedar aphidCedrobium laportei Rem. has been collected in the middle Atlas (Morocco) for introduction into a stand of cedar (Cedrus atlantica Manetti) in the south-east of France in spring 1981. The parasite was collected as mummified aphids in Morocco and kept in climatised room for emergence in order to get rid of hyperparasites. After copulation, 225 adults were released in sleeve cages put on branches with colonies ofC. laportei. The development of host and of parasite population was followed both at the point of release and in the general area. The definitive establishment of the parasite in the area occurred 1 year after release aided by a particularly mild autumn and winter, which promoted the multiplication of the host. The parasite is definitely established and is still present 4 years after the release. During this time it was dispersed to other cedar forests in the south-east of France. Eight species of local hyperparasites have attackedP. cedrobii, but have not prevented the success of the introduction.
    Notizen: Résumé Le parasitePauesia cedrobii Starý et Leclant, spécifique du puceron du CèdreCedrobium laportei Remaudière, a été récolté dans le Moyen-Atlas, (Maroc) puis introduit dans un peuplement de cèdre (Cedrus atlantica Manetti) du sud-est de la France au printemps 1981. La méthode utilisée a consisté en une introduction directe des parasites, préalablement isolés sur le lieu de récolte (momies) puis mis à éclore en chambre climatisée de façon à éliminer les hyperparasites. Après accouplement, 225 adultes ont été introduits dans des manchons installés sur des rameaux abritant des colonies deC. laportei. L'évolution des populations de l'hôte et du parasite a été suivie au niveau des points de lâcher d'une part, et dans la parcelle d'autre part. L'installation définitive du parasite dans la parcelle s'est produite, 1 an après le lâcher, grâce à un automne et à un hiver particulièrement doux, qui ont favorisé la multiplication de l'hôte. Le parasite est définitivement implanté: il est encore présent 4 années après le lâcher. Entre temps, il a été étendu à d'autres forêts de cèdre du sud-est de la France. Huit espèces d'hyperparasites autochtones se sont portés surP. cedrobii, mais ceci ne remet pas en cause la réussite de l'introduction de l'aphidiide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373123
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological control of the water fernSalvinia molesta infesting a lily pond in Bangalore (India) byCyrtobagous salviniae (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Salvinia molesta ; Cyrtobagous salviniae ; Biological control ; India ; Salvinia molesta ; Cyrtobagous salvinae ; lutte biologique ; Inde
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La fougère d'eau,Salvania molesta D. S. Mitchell est une sérieuse mauvaise herbe en Inde, spécialement dans l'état de Kerala. Le curculionideCyrtobagous salviniae Calder & Sands (Col.: Curculionidae) fut introduit d'Australie et limite avec succès la mauvaise herbe infestant un étang de nénuphars à Bangalore.
    Notizen: Abstract The aquatic fernSalvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell is a serious weed in India, espacially in the state of Kerala. The weevilCyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Col.: Curculionidae) was introduced from Austrialia and successfully controlled the weed infesting a lily pond at Bangalore.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373127
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological studies withChrysocharis parksi [Hym.: Eulophidae] a parasite ofLiriomyza spp. [Dipt.: Agromyzidae] (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 115-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Liriomyza ; leafminers ; Chrysocharis ; biological control ; parasites ; biology ; Liriomyza ; mineuses de feuille ; Chrysocharis ; lutte biologique ; parasites ; biologie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des études biologiques ont été réalisées surChrysocharis parksi, parasite endophage des Mouches Agromyzides, mineuses des feuilles.C. parksi parasite avec succès les espèces suivantes du genreLiriomyza Mik.,L. huidobrensis (Blanchard),L. sativae Blanchard,L. trifolii (Burgess) etL. trifoliearum Spencer. Le parasite se développe avec succès sur 8 familles de plantes et 16 genres. Les plantes-hôtes qui sont favorables au développement jusqu'à l'adulte des mineuses le sont également pour le développement du parasite. La durée moyenne du développement (de l'œuf à l'adulte, avecL. trifolii comme hôte) à 21°1, 26°7 et 32°2 C était pour les deux sexes, de 23, 14 et 14 jours respectivement. La longévité des fe melles nourries d'eau exclusivement était inversement proportionnelle à la température; la survie était significativement prolongée à 21°1 C (5,0 jours) comparativement à 26°7 C et 32°2 C (3,2 et 2,1 jours respectivement). L'adjonction de miel dans l'alimentation augmentait d'une manière significative la longévité des 2 sexes à toutes les températures. Les adultes femelles à qui l'on fournissait une moyenne journalière de 33 larves deL. trifolii avaient une descendance moyenne de 135 individus à la température constante de 26°7 C.C. parksi se nourrissait en moyenne de 3,7 larves de mineuse/jour durant les 11 jours de sa vie adulte.
    Notizen: Abstract Biological studies withChrysocharis parksi Crawford, a parasite of agromyzid leafminers, were conducted.C. parksi successfully parasitized the following species in the genusLiriomyza Mik.,L. huidobrensis (Blanchard),L. sativae Blanchard,L. trifolii (Burgess), andL. trifoliearum Spencer. Successful parasite development was recorded from 8 plant families and 16 genera. Host plants which were suitable for leafminer development to the adult stage were also suitable for parasite development. Mean immature developmental period (egg to adult, usingL. trifolii as the host) at 21.1°, 26.7°, and 32.2° C was (for both sexes) 23, 14, and 14 days, respectively. Longevity of females provided only water was inversely related to temperature; significantly longer survival occurred at 21.1° C (5.0 days) compared to 26.7° C and 32.2° C (3.2 and 2.1 days, respectively). The addition of honey to the diet significantly improved longevity of both sexes at all temperatures. Adult female parasites which were provided an average of 33.0L. trifolii larvae per day produced an average of 135 offspring at a constant 26.7° C.C. parksi host-fed on ca. 3.7 leafminer larvae per day over an 11-day adult lifespan.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373122
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Patch-exploitation patterns in an egg parasite of elm leaf beetle (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Pyrrhalta luteola ; Tetrastichus gallerucae ; spatial density dependence ; biological control ; Pyrrhalta luteola ; Tetrastichus gallerucae ; dépendance de la densité spatiale ; lutte biologique
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les œufs de la Galéruque de l'Orme,Pyrrhalta luteola (MULLER) sont déposés normalement en paquets visibles sous forme de plaques d'hôtes discrètes dans l'espace et dans le temps. L'analyse de plus de 800 plaques issues de trois localités du Nord de la Californie révèle que le nombre d'œufs/plaque varie de 2 à plus de 40 et que le parasite oophage importéTetrastichus gallerucae (FONSC) exploite une proportion relativement grande des plaques d'œufs à certaines périodes. La relation spatiale entre le parasitisme et le nombre d'œufs/plaque s'estime de 2 façons différentes: par les plaques exploitées uniquement ou par toutes les plaques combinées, qu'elles soient attaquées ou non. Le pourcentage de parasitisme est indépendant de la densité dans la plupart des cas. On suggère que les 2 méthodes d'analyse peuvent fournir des modèles qui son applicables dans la lutte biologique contre les ravageurs.
    Notizen: Abstract Eggs of elm beetle,Pyrrhalta luteola (Muller), normally occur in masses which can be viewed as discrete host patches in space and time. Analysis of〉800 egg masses from 3 field sites in northern California revealed that the number of eggs/mass varied from 2 to〉40 and that the imported egg parasiteTetrastichus gallerucae (Fonsc.) exploited a relatively large proported of the egg masses at certain times. The spatial relationship between parasitization and number of eggs/egg mass was assessed in 2 ways-i.e., for exploited masses only and for all masses combined (exploited+nonexploited). Percent parasitization was density independent in most cases for both data sets. It is suggested that both methods of analysis can provide patterns which are relevant to biological control of insect pests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373245
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field evaluation ofAllorhogas pyralophagus [Hym.: Braconidae], imported into texas for biological control of the stalkborerEoreuma loftini [Lep.: Pyralidae] in sugar cane (1987)
    Springer
    BioControl 32 (1987), S. 483-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Schlagwort(e): Allorhogas pyralophagus ; Eoreuma loftini ; biological control ; sugar cane ; parasite-host interaction ; stalkborers ; Allorhogas pyralophagus ; Eoreuma loftini ; lutte biologique ; canne à sucre ; interaction parasite/hôte ; mineuse de la tige
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'ectoparasite grégaireAllorhogas pyralophagus Marsh a été libéré à l'intérieur de cages disposées dans des cultures de canne à sucre elles-même infestées parEoreuma loftini Dyar. Les facteurs qui affectent le taux de parasitisme sont examinés et le rôle du parasite dans la mortalité larvaire de l'hôte est déterminé. Trois essais ont eu lieu respectivement en juillet, septembre et décembre 1984. Le parasitisme moyen a été de 25.2% dans cette étude et fut la source la plus importante de mortalité. Les pyrales sont susceptibles d'être attaquées aussi bien dans la gaine des feuilles, que dans le bourgeon terminal ou dans la tige. Les larves qui pénètrent plus profondément à l'intérieur des tiges sont les moins parasitées. Le succès du parasite est fonction de certains comportements de l'hôte à l'intérieur des tiges.A. pyralophagus est probablement incapable d'effectuer le “contrôle” total d'E. loftini dans la canne à sucre, mais il peut être un élément utile dans un programme bien organisé de lutte contre ce fléau, conjointement avec d'autres espèces de parasites.A. pyralophagus est susceptible de parasiterE. loftini lorsqu'il est présent dans les graminées sauvages servant de plantes hôtes secondaires.
    Notizen: Abstract The external, gregarious, braconid parasite,Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh was mass released into field cages enclosing sugar cane infested with the pyralid,Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) to examine factors affecting parasitism rates and to assess the parasite's potential contribution to borer larval mortality. Three field experiments were conducted in July, September, and December, 1984. Total parasitism was 25.2% for the study and was the single most important source of borer mortality. Borers were equally susceptible to attack in leaf sheaths, whorls, and stalks in general, but larvae tunneling deep within stalks were parasitized less. An interaction between tunneling behavior of the borer and attack strategy of the parasite was important for parasite success.A. pyralophagus is probably unable to effect complete control ofE. loftini in sugar cane becauseA. pyralophagus is physically unable to parasitize borers deep in the stalks. However, the parasite may be useful as part of an intergrated pest management program, acting in concert with other parasite species, or attacking the borer in small-stemed grasses that serve as alternate host plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373517
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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