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  • superconducting magnets  (46)
  • Triticum aestivum  (34)
  • stress  (28)
  • Springer  (108)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1980-1984  (108)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (108)
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  • Springer  (108)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
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  • 1980-1984  (108)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 123-141 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si riesamina la strumentalizzazione adatta all’acquisizione di segnali biomagnetici. Si studiano separatamente i componenti di base del magnetometro, cioè gli SQUID, i trasformatori di flusso e i dewar. Si discutono i possibili miglioramenti alla strumentazione attuale e alle apparecchiature complete comprendenti scudi ferromagnetici o di correnti a vortice e si valuta la loro efficenza.
    Notes: Summary The instrumentation suitable for the acquisition of biomagnetic signals is reviewed. The basic magnetometer components,i.e. SQUIDs, flux transformers and dewars, are studied separately. Possible improvements to the present instrumentation as well as complete set-ups including ferromagnetic or eddy current shields are discussed and their efficiency evaluated.
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  • 2
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 142-152 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si sviluppa un formalismo per la descrizione vettoriale e tensoriale di una procedura di bilanciamento e si sottolinea un metodo di bilanciamento di campo e di primo gradiente. Si discutono l’apparecchiatura sperimentale e le misurazioni del vettore di modo comune del primo gradienteC G 1.
    Notes: Summary A formalism for the vector and tensor description of a balancing procedure is developed and a first-gradient and field-balancing method is outlined. The experimental apparatus and measurements of the first-gradient common-mode vector,C G 1, are discussed.
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  • 3
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    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 1167-1196 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Experiment ; anisotropy ; stress ; strain ; pure shear ; simple shear ; buckling ; bending ; macroscopic fabric ; symmetry ; flexural-slip fold ; kink band ; Jura-Mountains ; Rhenish Massif (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Ruhr district)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An applicable interpretation of fabrics should be based mainly on geometrical considerations in order to cover available field data. Therefore a theory on the formation of foldtype fabrics including congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds as well as kink bands in materials subjected to rhombic and different monocline strain types is derived by means of particle motion fields for homogeneous and isotropic bodies. The analysis of experimental results and their comparison with field observations largely confirms the theory and contributes to its improvement. Some trends can be established: With increasing monocline character of the strain type, the probability of concentric and congruent flexural-slip folding is reduced. It is substituted by kink band formation. While the portion of monocline strain is enlarged with depth, rhombic fold symmetry indicates, in the realm of elastic-plastic behaviour, the proximity of the surface of the earth or of a detachment surface. With gradual increase of the rock anisotropy, the development of shear faults, kink folds and, finally, congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds is favoured.
    Abstract: Résumé L'interprétation, en vue de son application, de la genèse des formes structuraux résultant de processus tectoniques doit être basée essentiellement sur des raisonnements géométriques pour qu'elle corresponde à la structure des observations faites sur le terrain. Pour cette raison, une théorie de la formation des formes structuraux d'aspect plissé, y compris des plis semblables ou isopaques à glissement banc sur banc ainsi que des knicks, est développée à partir d'une figuration générale des mouvements des particules dans les corps homogènes et isotropes soumis à des déformations à symétrie orthorhombique ou monoclinique. L'analyse des résultats expérimentaux et des comparaisons avec des observations sur le terrain confirment largement la théorie et contribuent à son perfectionnement. Quelques tendances se dessinent: avec l'accroissement du caractère monoclinique de la déformation s'accroît aussi la probabilité de la formation des knicks plutôt que des plis à glissements banc sur banc, concentriques et congruents. Tandis que la déformation monoclinique prend une part plus importante avec la profondeur, la symétrie orthorhombique des plis en régime de déformation élastoplastique indique la proximité de la surface de la Terre ou d'une surface de décollement. Avec l'augmentation de l'anisotropie des roches, la formation de cassures de cisaillement, de knicks et enfin de plis semblables et isopaques à glissement banc sur banc est favorisée.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine anwendungsbezogene Deutung der Gefügegenese muß in erster Linie auf geometrischen Überlegungen beruhen, damit sie auf Geländedaten übertragen werden kann. Ausgehend von Partikelbewegungsfeldern, die für homogene und isotrope Körper gelten, wird eine Theorie der Genese faltenförmiger Gefüge entwickelt, die konzentrische und kongruente Biegegleitfalten und Knickzonen bei rhombischen und monoklinen Deformationstypen erfaßt. Die Ergebnisse von Experimenten und der Vergleich mit Geländebefunden bestätigen weitgehend die Theorie und tragen zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung bei. Einige Trends zeichnen sich ab: Mit steigender Monoklinität des Deformationstyps nimmt die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Bildung von Knickzonen auf Kosten von konzentrischen und kongruenten Biegegleitfalten zu. Während der Anteil monokliner Deformation zur Tiefe hin größer wird, zeigt eine rhombische Symmetrie der Falten im elastisch-plastischen Bereich die Nähe der Erdoberfläche oder einer Abscherungsfläche an. Bei zunehmender Anisotropie werden zunächst bevorzugt Scherbrüche, dann Knickzonen und schließlich kongruente und konzentrische Biegegleitfalten gebildet.
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  • 4
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    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 421-450 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Experiment ; anisotropy ; stress ; strain ; pure shear ; simple shear ; buckling ; bending ; macroscopic fabric ; symmetry ; flexural-slip fold ; kink band ; Jura-Mountains ; Rhenish Massif (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Ruhr district)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An applicable interpretation of fabrics should be based mainly on geometrical considerations in order to cover available field data. Therefore a theory on the formation of foldtype fabrics including congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds as well as kink bands in materials subjected to rhombic and different monocline strain types is derived by means of particle motion fields for homogeneous and isotropic bodies. The analysis of experimental results and their comparison with field observations largely confirms the theory and contributes to its improvement. Some trends can be established: With increasing monocline character of the strain type, the probability of concentric and congruent flexural-slip folding is reduced. It is substituted by kink band formation. While the portion of monocline strain is enlarged with depth, rhombic fold symmetry indicates, in the realm of elastic-plastic behaviour, the proximity of the surface of the earth or of a detachment surface. With gradual increase of the rock anisotropy, the development of shear faults, kink folds and, finally, congruent and concentric flexural-slip folds is favoured.
    Abstract: Résumé L'interprétation, en vue de son application, de la genèse des formes structuraux résultant de processus tectoniques doit être basée essentiellement sur des raisonnements géométriques pour qu'elle corresponde à la structure des observations faites sur le terrain. Pour cette raison, une théorie de la formation des formes structuraux d'aspect plissé, y compris des plis semblables ou isopaques à glissement banc sur banc ainsi que des knicks, est développée à partir d'une figuration générale des mouvements des particules dans les corps homogènes et isotropes soumis à des déformations à symétrie orthorhombique ou monoclinique. L'analyse des résultats expérimentaux et des comparaisons avec des observations sur le terrain confirment largement la théorie et contribuent à son perfectionnement. Quelques tendances se dessinent: avec l'accroissement du caractère monoclinique de la déformation s'accroît aussi la probabilité de la formation des knicks plutôt que des plis à glissements banc sur banc, concentriques et congruents. Tandis que la déformation monoclinique prend une part plus importante avec la profondeur, la symétrie orthorhombique des plis en régime de déformation élastoplastique indique la proximité de la surface de la Terre ou d'une surface de décollement. Avec l'augmentation de l'anisotropie des roches, la formation de cassures de cisaillement, de knicks et enfin de plis semblables et isopaques à glissement banc sur banc est favorisée.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine anwendungsbezogene Deutung der Gefügegenese muß in erster Linie auf geometrischen Überlegungen beruhen, damit sie auf Geländedaten übertragen werden kann. Ausgehend von Partikelbewegungsfeldern, die für homogene und isotrope Körper gelten, wird eine Theorie der Genese faltenförmiger Gefüge entwickelt, die konzentrische und kongruente Biegegleitfalten und Knickzonen bei rhombischen und monoklinen Deformationstypen erfaßt. Die Ergebnisse von Experimenten und der Vergleich mit Geländebefunden bestätigen weitgehend die Theorie und tragen zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung bei. Einige Trends zeichnen sich ab: Mit steigender Monoklinität des Deformationstyps nimmt die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Bildung von Knickzonen auf Kosten von konzentrischen und kongruenten Biegegleitfalten zu. Während der Anteil monokliner Deformation zur Tiefe hin größer wird, zeigt eine rhombische Symmetrie der Falten im elastisch-plastischen Bereich die Nähe der Erdoberfläche oder einer Abscherungsfläche an. Bei zunehmender Anisotropie werden zunächst bevorzugt Scherbrüche, dann Knickzonen und schließlich kongruente und konzentrische Biegegleitfalten gebildet.
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  • 5
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro si tratta il problema dell’ottimizzazione di sistemi di sensori gradiometrici metrici superconduttori di secondo ordine che sono stati progettati per la misurazione di campi magnetici deboli disomogenei in un ambiente disturbato magneticamente. Si considerano le condizioni di massimo rapporto segnale-rumore dell’uscita del quantomagnetometro superconduttote (SQM). Si analizza l’influenza dei parametri misurati della sorgente del segnale, del rumore di una sorgente di disturbo esterna e di quello proprio del magnetometro sulla selezione della lunghezza di base del gradiometro.
    Notes: Summary In this paper we deal with an optimization problem of the second-order superconducting gradiometric sensor systems that have been designed for measurement of the weak inhomogeneous magnetic fields in a magnetically disturbed environment. The conditions of maximum signalto-noise ratio of the output of superconducting quantum magnetometers (SQM) are considered. The influence of measured signal source parameters, of an outside disturbing source and of the own noise of the magnetometer on the gradiometer base length selection is analysed.
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  • 6
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 356-367 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono state esaminate l’idealità e la sensibilità di parecchi conduttori magnetocardiografici vettoriali usando un modello inomogeneo fisico del tronco. Si è trovato che la componente antero-posterioreX vettore magnetico del cuore è la piú facile da scoprire. Si suggeriscono conduttori ideali per le altre due componenti. Comunque questi hanno una sensibilità inferiore. Le differenze rispetto ai risultati di precedenti ricercatori sono state spiegate con le differenze tra i modelli.
    Notes: Summary The ideality and sensitivity of several vector magnetocardiographic leads were tested by using an inhomogeneous, physical torso model. The postero-anterior component of the heart’s magnetic vector was found easiest to detect. New, more ideal leads for the other two components are suggested. However, these have lower sensitivity. The differences from the results of former investigators can be explained by the differences of the models.
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  • 7
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 203-213 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si è studiato lo spettro del rumore di un gradiometro superconduttore a derivata secon da in un agglomerato urbano. I dati sono stati ottenuti dal gradiometro con tre accelerometri ortogonali e un magnetometro a flussometro elettronico triassiale attaccato al dewar. Questi dati sono stati analizzati usando tecniche di elaborazione dei segnali, soprattutto un cancellatore adattativo di rumori, per ridurre i rumori nei dati del gradiometro. I risultati mostrano qui che il rumore dell’esterno e/o il rumore del movimento del dewar possono essere ridotti di 40 dB in potenza di rumore. Si è anche mostrato che, nel caso di basso rapporto segnale-rumore (S/N∼1), può essere estratta un’onda sunusoidale di 10 Hz. Questa tecnica non solo promette riduzione dei rumori, ma ha anche lo scopo d’identificare i segnali di rumore che potrebbero essere veramente considerati parte del responso evocato. L’analisi dei dati che contengono i responsi evocati è ora in corso.
    Notes: Summary The noise spectrum of a superconducting second-derivative gradiometer has been investigated in an urban environment. Data have been acquired from the gradiometer with three orthogonal accelerometers and a triaxial fluxgate magnetometer attached to the dewar. These data have been analyzed by using signal processing techniques, primarily an adaptive noise canceller, to reduce noise in the gradiometer data. Results shown here indicate that the environmental noise and/or the dewar motion noise can be reduced as much as 40 dB in noise power. It is also shown, in the case of poor signal-to-noise ratio (S/N∼1), that a 10 Hz sine wave can be extracted. This technique not only shows promise for noise reduction, but also aids in the identification of noise signals which might be misconstrued as part of the evoked response. Analysis of data containing evoked response is now underway.
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  • 8
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 153-165 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si stabiliscono princípi per il progetto di sistemi di spire che generano campi magnetici distanti che diminuiscono secondo una potenza inversa alta della distanza. Secondo un principio di reciprocità queste disposizioni, quando usate come sensori in magnetometri ad induzione e SQUID, hanno una sensibilità intrinsecamento bassa per sorgenti distanti del campo magnetico.
    Notes: Summary Principles are established for the design of coil arrays which generate distant magnetic fields diminishing as a high inverse power of the distance. By a principle of reciprocity these arrays, when used as sensors in induction and SQUID magnetometers, have an inherently low sensitivity to distant sources of magnetic field.
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  • 9
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 166-174 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si è costruito un magnetometro SQUID differenziale a 3 canali per la misurazione simultanea delle 3 componenti ortogonali del campo magnetico nella stessa posizione. Si descrive la struttura dell’apparecchio e si mostrano i dati MCG misurati. Si discutono gli effetti d’interferenza tra i canali.
    Notes: Summary We have constructed a three-channel differential SQUID magnetometer for the simultaneous measurement of the three orthogonal components of the magnetic field in the same location. The structure of the device is described and MCG data measured are shown. Interference effects between the channels are discussed.
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  • 10
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 184-194 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si è costruito espressamente un sistema SQUID in un ospedale di Parigi, che permette indagini neuromagnetiche attinenti con applicazioni cliniche. Un gradiometro simmetrico di second’ordine lavora entro uno schermo per corrente parassite. Ciò è designato ad ottimizzare il costo e l’efficienza del sistema. Le sue prestazioni sono state sperimentate con dati da pazienti e da soggetti normali.
    Notes: Summary A SQUID system was specially built in a Parisian hospital, allowing neuromagnetic investigations dealing with clinical applications. A second-order symmetrical gradiometer works inside an eddy current shield. This was designed for optimizing the cost and the efficiency of the system. Its performances were tested with data from patients and normal subjects.
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  • 11
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 224-230 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si descrive la strumentazione per le applicazioni biomagnetiche. Le piccole dimensioni e la leggerezza del gradiometro SQUID permettono il facile trasporto e posizionamento dello strumento, rendendo cosí possibile le misurazioni biomagnetiche in una qualsiasi locazione in cui non ci siano rumori. L’apparecchio è provvisto di un alimentatore a batteria e, se riempito con 60 cm3 di elio liquido, funzionerà initerrottamente per 6 ore. L’apparecchio è adatto per la magnetocardiografia.
    Notes: Summary The instrumentation for biomagnetic applications is described. The small size and weight of the SQUID gradiometer permit easy transport and positioning of the instrument, thus making biomagnetic measurements possible in any noise-free location. The equipment is provided with a battery power supply, and, when filled with 60 cm3 of liquid helium, will operate continuously for 6 h. The device is suitable for magnetocardiography.
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  • 12
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 301-310 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si confrontano i magnetocardiogrammi misurati in un caso di infarto miocardico anterolaterale con i corrispondenti magnetocardiogrammi simulati. I cambiamenti piú notevoli nell’MCG misurato si sono osservati nelle parti superiori e inferiori del torace come previsto dalla simulazione.
    Notes: Summary The MCGs measured in a case of an anterolateral myocardial infarction were compared with the corresponding simulated MCGs. The most distinctive changes in the measured MCGs were observed in the upper and lower parts of the thorax as predicted by the simulation.
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  • 13
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 558-566 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto La conduttività elettrica delle lesioni cerebrali varia con situazioni patologiche come l’edema e la calcificazione. È stato studiato mediante una simulazione con il computer l’effetto delle disomogeneità dei tessuti delle lesioni cerebrali sulle distribuzioni spaziali dei potenziali elettrici e dei campi magnetici sulla superficie del capo.
    Notes: Summary The electrical conductivity of brain lesions varies with pathological situations such as edema and calcification. The effect of the tissue inhomogeneities of brain lesions on spatial distributions of electrical potentials and magnetic fields over the surface of the head was studied by means of a computer simulation.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si è sviluppato un metodo magnetico per misurazioni dirette non invasive del ferro di immagazzinamento epatico umano con uno suscettometro SQUID. Le determinazioni magneticain vivo e chimicain vitro del ferro epatico non eme sono strettamente correlate. Le misurazioni magnetiche dei depositi di ferro sono utili, dal punto di vista clinico, nella diagnosi dei disordini nel metabolismo del ferro.
    Notes: Summary A magnetic method for direct noninvasive measurements of human hepatic storage iron with a SQUID susceptometer has been developed.In vivo magnetic andin vitro chemical determinations of liver nonheme iron are closely correlated. Magnetic measurements of iron stores are clinically useful in the diagnosis of disorders of iron metabolism.
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  • 15
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 594-607 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Il problema inverso nella misurazione magnetical del polmone è stato studiato con un metodo che usa le ipotetiche distribuzioni del pulviscolo magnetico. Si sono fatte le minimizzazioni non vincolate e vincolate di una funzione obiettiva. Le simulazioni e l’analisi hanno mostrato l’efficacia del metodo.
    Notes: Summary The inverse problem in the magnetic measurement of the lung was studied with a method using hypothetical distributions of magnetic dust. Both unconstrained and constrained minimizations of an objective function were performed. Simulations and analysis showed the efficacy of the method.
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  • 16
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 582-593 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Questo lavoro descrive un nuovo suscettometro SQUID a doppio canale coadiuvato da computer destinato a raggiungere stime accuratein vivo delle concentrazioni di accumulo di ferro nei tessuti. Si discutono le considerazioni pratiche dello schema, la funzionalità sperimentale al rumore e la risoluzione clinica anticipata del nuovo sistema.
    Notes: Summary This paper describes a new computer-enhanced dual-channel SQUID susceptometer designed to achieve accuratein vivo estimates of tissue storage iron concentrations. We discuss the practical design considerations, instrumental noise performance and anticipated clinical resolution of the new system.
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  • 17
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 608-616 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si è trovato che la velocità di decadimento del campo residuo ottenuto tramite magnetizzazione delle particelle ferromagnetiche trattenute nei polmoni dei saldatori è associato a fattori come la quantità di polvere trattenuta, il curriculum lavorativo e la consuetudine di fumare. Una velocità di decadimento piú rapida appare correlata con un piú rapido smaltimento delle particelle di fumo di saldatura nei fumatori.
    Notes: Summary It was found that the rate of decay of the remanent field obtained through magnetization of ferrimagnetic particles retained in the lungs of are welders is associated with factors such as amount of dust retained, occupational history and smoking habits. A faster decay rate was found to correlate with a faster clearance of welding fume particles in smokers
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  • 18
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 617-623 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Particelle ferromagnetiche immesse per via intratracheale nei polmoni sono fagocitate da macrofagi alveolari. Dopo che queste particelle sono state magnetizzate dal campo esterno, esse producono un campo residuo che decade rapidamente a causa del disallineamento delle particelle dovuto al movimento citoplasmatico (rilassamento). I cambiamenti nel valore di rilassamento nel tempo successivo all’immissione potrebbero essere connessi alla mobilità citoplasmatica.
    Notes: Summary Ferrimagnetic particles instilled intratracheally into the lungs are phagocytized by alveolar macrophages. After these particles are magnetized by an external field, they produce a remanent field which decays rapidly due to particle misalignment from cytoplasmic motion (relaxation). Changes in relaxation rate with time following instillation might be related to cytoplasmic motility.
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  • 19
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 624-641 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto La pletismografia a suscettività magnetica (MSPG) è un nuovo metodo proposto per controllare i cambiamenti del volume cardiaco. Si riesaminano il principio di misurazione e i lavori recenti di altri ricercatori. Si studia l’effetto del movimento legato al cuore della cassa toracica anteriore sul segnale MSPG.I risultati suggeriscono che il movimento del confine cassa toracica-aria può contribuire in modo significativo (∼75%) al segnale MSPG quando è registrato vicino al cuore.
    Notes: Summary Magnetic-susceptibility plethysmography (MSPG) is a new method proposed for monitoring cardiac-volume changes. The measurement principle and recent work by other investigators are reviewed. The effect of the cardiac-related motion of the anterior chest wall on the MSPG signal is studied. The results suggest that the motion of the chest-wall-air boundary may contribute significantly (∼75%) to the MSPG signal when recorded near the heart.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 642-649 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto È stata esaminata la forma d’onda d’impulso per il magnetomiogramma (MMG) dell’arto inferiore destro umano. Le durate tipiche degl’impulsi sono di circa (10÷20) ms. La variazione spaziale del MMG suggerisce un’origine nei muscoli anteriori della tibia.
    Notes: Summary The pulse wave form for the magnetomyogram (MMG) of the human right leg was examined. The typical pulse durations are about (10÷20) ms. The spatial variation of the MMG suggests a source in the anterior muscles.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 650-659 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Le ricerche sul campo magnetico intorno alla gamba umana con l’uso di un magnetometro SQUID producono risultati consistenti e riproducibili che possono essere rappresentati mediamente due linee di corrente, orientate inversamente, parallele all’asse della gamba. I campi sono condizionati dall’attività muscolare, che decade col tempo di rilassamento della gamba.
    Notes: Summary Investigations of the magnetic field around the human leg using a SQUID magnetometer yield consistent, reproducible results which can be modelled by 2 oppositely oriented line currents parallel to the leg axis. The fields are affected by muscle activity, decaying with the time of relaxation of the leg.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si mostra che miglioramenti sostanziali possono essere ottenuti nelle proprietà di schermatura di una stanza schermata da corrente parassite coprendo l’accesso con lamine conduttrici. I risultati suggeriscono che non è necessario installare una porta conduttrice e mostrano che è il caso di coprire una piccola parte della porta in modo permanente.
    Notes: Summary We show that substantial improvements can be obtained in the shielding properties of an eddy-current-shielded room by covering the doorway with conductive plates. Results suggest that it is unnecessary to install a conductive door and show that it is worthwhile covering a small part of the doorway permanently.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 248-254 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Il magnetocardiogramma ad alta risoluzione è stato registrato mediante magnetometri superconduttori in 12 volontari sani utilizzando la camera schermata di Berlino per ridurre il livello di rumore elettromagnetico. La morfologia del trattoPR magnetico è caratterizzata dalle «rampe» in precedenza osservate, sulle quali s’inseriscono segnali. A volte la forma d’onda appare complessa.
    Notes: Summary ThePR interval of magnetocardiograms has been measured with a SQUID sensor in the Berlin magnetically shielded room. In addition to previously reported ramps with isolated superimposed signals in several cases a structured morphology has been found.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 266-279 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono stati osservati segnali degradanti nel segmentoPR dei magnetocardiogrammi normali registrati da 5 cani. Sono state osservate rampe maggiori dopo aver indotto con farmaci il blocco del nodo atrioventricolare di primo grado, ed è stata osservata una completa ripolarizzazione atriale a seguito d’isolate contrazioni atriali in due animali con blocco di secondo grado. Queste rampe, che variano fino a 6.7 pT in ampiezza e provengono dagli atri, possono complicare l’individuazione magnetica dell’attività di His-Purkinje.
    Notes: Summary Sloping signals were observed in thePR segment of normal magnetocardiograms recorded from five dogs. Larger ramps were observed after first-degree AV nodal blockade was induced pharmacologically, and complete atrial repolarization was observed following isolated atrial contractions in two animals with second-degree block. These ramps, ranging up to 6.7 pT in size and arising from the atria, may complicate magnetic detection of His-Purkinje activity.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 231-247 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; PACS. 85.25 ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto La motivazione fondamentale per lo studio dei fenomeni elettrofisiologici cardiaci tramite il metodo biomagnetico è dovuta al fatto che questa tecnica offre un’alta risoluzione spaziale e sembra fornire informazioni complementari rispetto alle sole registrazioni elettriche. Fino ad oggi l’interesse degli studiosi si è concentrato su due differenti fenomeni cardiaci: 1) lo studio dell’attività del sistema di conduzione atrioventricolare e 2) lo studio della depolarizzazione ventricolare anormalmente ritardata (late potentials). L’interesse clinico per lo studio non invasivo del sistema di His-Purkinje (HPS) è ben noto. Registrazioni cliniche non invasive di late potentials sono particolarmente desiderabili in quanto possono essere preziosi indicatori di rischio di morte improvvisa. In questo lavoro si presenta una rassegna sullo stato delle ricerche in entrambi i campi d’indagine.
    Notes: Summary The fundamental motivation for investigating cardiac electrophysiological phenomena by means of the biomagnetic method has been that this technique should have added spatial resolution and provided complementary information as opposed to electric recordings only. So far the interest of experimentalists has been concentrated on two different kinds of cardiac phenomena: 1) the study of the activity of the cardiac conduction system and 2) of abnormally delayed ventricular depolarization (late potentials). The clinical interest for the noninvasive investigation of the His-Purkinje system (HPS) is well known. Noninvasive clinical recording of late potentials is particularly desirable as they seem to be precious markers for risk of sudden death. A review of the state of research in both fields is presented in this paper.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 280-290 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Ein dal 1980 è iniziato uno studio sistematico dell’attività del sistema di His-Purkjnje (HPS) su soggetti normali e patologici con il metodo biomagnetico. Allo scopo di risolvere il problema di quanta parte dei segnali misurati sia attribuibile al sistema di His-Purkinje e quanta piuttosto alla ripolarizzazione atriale, è stata recentemente sviluppata una strumentazione appositamente disegnata per misure sul HPS e con una sensibilità di $$20fT/\sqrt {Hz}$$ nella banda di frequenze interessanti ((0.5÷300) Hz). Al contempo si è altresí sviluppato un nuovo modello teorico in stretta corrispondenza con le caratteristiche anatomiche del HPS che fornisce una distribuzione di campo magnetico sul torace in buon accordo qualitativo con i risultati sperimentali.
    Notes: Summary Since 1980, systematic investigations of the activity of the His-Purkinje system (HPS) by the biomagnetic method have been reported on both normal subjects and patients affected by different kinds of conduction disturbances. A first attempt to interpret the experimental results by means of a theoretical model satisfactorily accounted for the measured «ramp» patterns. Moreover, a good temporal coincidence was observed between magnetic signals and invasively recorded His bundle electrograms (HBE). An alternative explanation of the «ramp» pattern, in terms of atrial repolarization, has been recently proposed on the basis of animal experimental investigation. In order to try to solve this problem, we have carried out a twofold approach: a new second-order gradiometer, specifically designed for HPS activity investigation has been successfully set up and tested; it provides a sensitivity of $$20fT/\sqrt {Hz}$$ in the band width of interest ((0.5÷300) Hz). Second, a new model based on a closer correspondence to anatomical features of the HPS has been developed. This model provides well-defined patterns which are in quite good agreement with experimental results.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 311-323 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si registra la distribuzione sia del potenziale elettrico cardiaco sulla superficie del corpo che del campo magnetico cardiaco vicino al torace e alla schiena in momenti fissi del ciclo cardiaco. Le caratteristiche generali di entrambi i tipi di mappa sono semplici e riproducibili, inoltre ciascuno di essi fornisce informazioni differenti.
    Notes: Summary The distribution of both the cardiac electric potential on the body surface and the cardiac magnetic field near the chest and back is recorded at fixed time instants of the heart cycle. The general features of both types of maps are simple and reproducible, moreover they both reveal different information.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 324-339 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono stati eseguiti calcoli numerici sul campo magnetico generato dal cuore durante la depolarizzazione ventricolare. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è studiare il contributo d’inomogeneità nel conduttore di volume al campo totale e stabilire l’influenza dei gradiometri usati nelle registrazioni sperimentali.
    Notes: Summary Numerical computations were performed on the magnetic field generated by the heart during ventricular depolarization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of inhomogeneities in the volume conductor to the total field and to establish the influence of gradiometers as used in experimental recordings.
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    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Il magnetocardiogramma ad alta risoluzione, registrato in 22 pazienti affetti da pregresso infarto del miocardio, ha permesso di rilevare in 3 casi la presenza di segnali di ampiezza tra 0.4 e 3 pT temporalmente correlati a depolarizzazioni tardive elettriche. Si discutono de differenze tra segnali magnetici ed elettrici e il loro possibile significato fisiopatologico.
    Notes: Summary High-resolution magnetocardiograms of patients with recent myocardial infarction have been recorded. In three cases, signals have been found in theST segment that are time correlated with simultaneously recorded late electric potentials.
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    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Per studiare l’effetto della geometria del conduttore di volume, sono stati compiuti esperimenti usando cuori di coniglio isolati. È stato osservato un aumento del segnale magnetico con l’aumentare della dimensione del conduttore di volume. Si discutono i risultati usando un dipolo di corrente a origine fissa e un modello di sorgente di tensione per il cuore.
    Notes: Summary To study the effect of the volume conductor geometry on the MCG, experiments using isolated rabbit hearts were done. An increase of the magnetic signal when increasing the volume conductor’s size was observed. The results are discussed by using a fixed-origin current dipole and a voltage source model for the heart.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 368-378 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si presentano le prime misurazioni del campo magnetico associato col potenziale d’azione in un fascio di fibre cardiache di Purkinje isolate. Le nostre scoperte dimonstrano la fattibilità dell’uso di tecniche magnetiche per misurare le correnti assiali in un gruppo di cellule cardiache ad attività spontanea.
    Notes: Summary We present the first measurements of the magnetic field associated with the action potential in a bundle of isolated cardiac Purkinje fibers. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using magnetic techniques to measure the axial current in a bundle of spontaneously active cardiac cells.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 379-409 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetic (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si riesaminano le ricerche sul campo magnetico indotto compiute negli ultimi due anni. Questi studi hanno mostrato che la tecnica magnetica si puó usare 1) per rivelare aspetti complementari delle fonti di corrente comuni al potenziale indotto, 2) per identificare l’organizzazione della corteccia cerebrale e delle arce subcorticali e 3) per misurare le proprietà funzionali delle aree neurali attive le cui posizioni sono identificate.
    Notes: Summary Research in the evoked magnetic field reported in the last two years is reviewed. The studies have shown that the magnetic technique may be used 1) to reveal complementary aspects of the current sources common to evoked potential, 2) to identify the organization of the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas of the brain and 3) to measure functional properties of the active neural areas whose locations are identified.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 410-419 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Il campo magnetico corticale osservato, suscitato da uno stimolo presentato a varie eccentricità nel campo visivo, è stato interpretato come derivante da dipoli di corrente lungo la scissura longitudinale. La profondità della sorgente aumenta con l’aumento dell’eccentricità, in accordo con la classica mappatura retinotopica.
    Notes: Summary The observed cortical magnetic field evoked by a stimulus presented at various eccentricities in the visual field was interpreted as arising from current dipoles along the longitudinal fissure. The depth of the source increased as the eccentricity was increased, in agreement with the classical retinotopic map.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 420-428 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si esamiano i componenti elettrici e magnetici della risposta stimolata visiva del cervello, con picchi a 120 e 180 ms dopo lo stimolo. I risultati mostrano che entrambi i componenti magnetici sono localizzati nella corteccia occipitale superficiale tangenziale al cuoio capelluto. La distribuzione diM120 suggerisce che i generatori dei componenti elettrici e magnetici sono correlati, ma il campo magnetico elettrico registrato è una modificazione elaborata di quello prodotto dalla sorgente.
    Notes: Summary Corresponding electrical and magnetic components of the brain’s visual evoked response peaking at 120 and 180 ms poststimulus are examined. Results show that both magnetic components are localized in the superficial occipital cortex tangential to the scalp. The distribution ofM120 suggests that the generators for the electrical and magnetic components are related, but the electrical field recorded is an elaborate modification of that produced by the source.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 429-437 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Campi magnetici indotti dalla sensibilità somatica sono stati confrontati con i corrispondenti potenziali elettrici sul cuoio capelluto allo scopo di studiare le loro sorgenti neurali. Le mappature delle risposte magnetiche hanno mostrato attività a livello delle cortecce di sensibilità somatica primarie e secondarie. Ulteriori sorgenti oltre a queste aree sembrano essere coinvolte nella generazione dei potenziali del cuoio capelluto a vertice somatosensoriali.
    Notes: Summary Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields were compared with corresponding electric scalp potentials in order to study their neural sources. Mappings of the magnetic responses showed activity at the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices. Additional sources besides these areas seem to be involved in the generation of the somatosensory vertex scalp potentials.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 438-459 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro si presentano alcuni tentativi di considerazioni modello, basati sul concetto di dipolo di corrente equivalente per tener conto delle risposte sonore stimolate osservate, con lo scopo di tentare un confronto delle variazioni in ampiezza e latenza con calcoli basati sul modello di nervo altamente semplificato di Rall. Si presenta un’analisi fenomenologica dei dati sperimentali sul campo magnetico sonoro tardo evocato dalla corteccia uditiva umana. Qui si pone l’accento sulle relazioni tra le proprietà del segnale (per esempio, ampiezza e latenza) e tra le proprietà del segnale e le proprietà dello stimolo (per esempio, ampiezza/latenza e frequenza in discesa relativa Δf/f per uno stimolo con frequenza in discesa) piuttosto che su problemi correlati con la posizione del dipolo di corrente equivalente, per esempio l’organizzazione tonotopica discussa da Elberlinget al. e Romaniet al. Si presentano alcuni risultati di un calcolo numerico basato su un modello a cavo lineare e li si confronta con i risultati sperimentali.
    Notes: Summary In this paper we present some tentative model considerations, based on the concept of an equivalent current dipole to account for observed auditory evoked responses, with the aim of attempting a comparison of variations in amplitude and latency with calculations based on Rall’s greatly simplified nerve model. A phenomenological analysis of experimental data on the late, auditory evoked magnetic field from the human auditory cortex is presented. The emphasis is here placed on relations between signal properties (e.g. amplitude and latency) and between signal properties and stimulus properties (e.g. amplitude/latency and relative frequency glide Δf/f for a frequency glide stimulus) rather than on questions related to the location of the equivalent current dipole,e.g. the tonotopic organization discussed by Elberlinget al. and by Romaniet al.. Some results of a numerical calculation based on a linear-cable model are presented and compared with experimental results.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 471-483 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Le sorgenti di risposte uditive magnetiche ed electtriche stimolate sono state formate con dipoli a corrente multipli. L’attività a livello delle cortecce uditive, 2.6 cm al di sotto della calotta cranica, spiega la distribuzione di campo osservata $$\overline {N100m}$$ . Un’ulteriore sorgente di corrente vicino al vertice è necessaria per spiegare le corrispondenti distribuzioni di potenziale. La posizione delle sorgenti di corrente di $$\overline {N100m}$$ non ha mostrato alcuna dipendenza sistematica dalla frequenza tonale.
    Notes: Summary The sources of auditory evoked electric and magnetic responses were modelled with multiple current dipoles. The activity at the auditory cortices, 2.6 cm beneath the skull, explains the observed $$\overline {N100m}$$ field distribution. An additional current source near the vertex is needed to explain the corresponding potential distributions. The locations of the current sources of $$\overline {N100m}$$ did not show any systematic dependence on the tonal frequency.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 460-470 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono stati registrati campi magnetici uditivi indotti (AEF) e potenziali uditivi indotti EEG (AEP) dalle regioni corticali uditive destra e sinistra di 12 soggetti normali adulti. Il sensore magnetico era un gradiometro SQUID a forma di otto con una linea di base di 4 cm orientato in modo da essere massimamente sensibile a un dipolo di corrente orientato perpendicolarmente alla fissure di Sylvio. Gli stimoli erano impulsi sonori di 1 kHz, lunghi 100 ms con un intervallo modale tra stimoli di 700 ms emessi a livelli di pressione sonora di 40, 60, 80 e 100 dB. Si è trovato che l’ampiezza AEF è correlata all’intensità dello stimolo in modo quadratico, l’ampiezza AEP in modo, lineare. Gli AEF erano di ampiezza maggiore in risposta alla stimolazione contralaterale che in risposta alla stimolazione ipsilaterale. Gli AEP non presentano questa relazione. In un secondo esperimento gli AEF e AEP dell’emisfero destro in risposta al tono di stimolazione nell’orecchio controlaterale in questi 12 soggetti sono stati combinati con dati simili precedenti su 24 soggetti, ottenendo cosí un totale di 36 soggetti, per esaminare la comparabilità della forma dell’onadaP50 di AEP e dell’analogaP50 di AEF. Si è trovato che la latenza dellaP50 decrese in funzione dell’intensità crescente dello stimolo sia per AEF che per AEP, e che la latenza diP50 è decisamente inferiore nelle registrazioni magnetiche rispetto alle registrazioni del potenziale.
    Notes: Summary Auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs) and EEG auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded from left and right auditory cortical regions of 12 normal adult subjects. The magnetic sensor was a figure-eight SQUID gradiometer with a 4 cm baseline oriented so as to be maximally sensitive to a current dipole oriented normal to the Sylvian fissure. Stimuli were 100 ms long 1 kHz tone pips with a modal interstimulus interval of 700 ms delivered at sound pressure levels of 40, 60, 80 and 100 dB. AEF amplitude was found to be related to stimulus intensity in a quadratic fashion, AEP amplitude in a linear fashion. AEFs were of larger amplitude in response to contralateral as compared to ipsilateral stimulation. AEPs did not exhibit such a relationship. In a second experiment right-hemisphere AEFs and AEPs in response to contralateral ear tone stimulation in these 12 subjects were combined with similar previous data from 24 subjects, providing a total of 36 subjects, to examine the comparability of the AEPP50 wave form and the AEFP50 analog. The latency of theP50 was found to decrease as a function of increasing stimulus intensity for both AEFs and AEPs, and theP50 latency was consistently shorter in magnetic compared to potential recordings.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 484-494 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto I movimenti volontari degli arti sono preceduti da spostamenti MEG che cominciano già 1.2s prima del movimento. Questi spostamenti invertono la polarità sull’area di rappresentazione della corteccia motoria dell’arto in questione.
    Notes: Summary Voluntary limb movements are preceded by MEG shifts beginning even as early as 1.2 s before the movement. These shifts reverse polarity above the cortical motor representation area of the limb concerned.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 495-504 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono stati registrati i campi magnetici del cervello che precedono i movimenti autonomi delle dita della mano, del piede e della dita del piede stesso, i movimenti delle dita della mano e del piede causati da uno stimolo e la parola. Sono stati trovati lenti spostamenti dei campi magnetici con morfologia simile ai coincidenti potenziali elettrici, ma con distribuzioni molto diverse. Si discutono le deduzioni ottenute dai dati sulla localizzazione dei generatori cerebrali.
    Notes: Summary Magnetic fields of the brain were recorded preceding selfinitiated finger, foot, toe movements, stimulus-triggered finger and toe movements, and speech. Slow magnetic-field shifts were found with morphology similar to coincident electrical potentials, but with very different distributions. Inferences from the data about localization of cerebral generators were discussed.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 505-511 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si è studiato il campo magnetico prodotto dal cervello prendendo in considerazione una varietà di eventi rari. Si riporta il carattere temporale della risposta a un raro stimolo uditivo. Il campo magnetico appare offrire un’utile nuova sonda dell’attività endogena nel cervello umano.
    Notes: Summary We have studied the magnetic field produced by the brain when attending to a variety of rare events. The temporal character of the response to a rare auditory stimulus is reported. The magnetic field appears to offer a useful new probe of endogeneous activity in the human brain.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 538-546 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; PACS. 85.25 ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Uno studio sull’attività spontanea del cervello in soggetti normali è stato eseguito con il metodo neuromagnetico. Sono stati usate 2 diverse strumentazioni per le misure magnetiche. Ambedue usavano gradiometri di second’ordine disegnati specificatamente per gli studi sul cervello: 2.9 cm di diametro, 5 cm di baseline. Uno SQUID r.f. e uno SQUID d.c. erano accoppiati ai gradiometri. I livelli di rumore misurati sono stati rispettivamente di $$40fT/\sqrt {Hz}$$ e $$25fT/\sqrt {Hz}$$ . In alcuni soggetti sono state effettuate mappe di campi magnetici generati dall’attività spontanea del cervello. Le mappe dell’ampiezza media dei segnali del ritmo α hanno mostrato 2 massimi dell’attività su 2 regioni simmetriche dello scalpo. Comunque, malgrado una generale simmetria fra gli emisferi, la complessità delle mappe misurate suggerisce una corrispondente complessità dei generatori responsabili dell’attività α.
    Notes: Summary An investigation of the spontaneous brain activity from normal subjects has been carried out by means of the neuromagnetic method. Two different systems were used for magnetic measurements. Both used 2nd-order gradiometers specifically designed for brain studies: 2.9 cm diameter, 5 cm baseline. A r.f. SQUID and a d.c. SQUID were coupled to the gradiometers. The measured noise levels are $$40fT/\sqrt {Hz}$$ and $$25fT/\sqrt {Hz}$$ , respectively. Thorough magnetic mapping of the spontaneous activity was performed on a few subjects. By mapping the average amplitude of the α-rhythm signals two maxima of activity over two symmetric regions of the scalp were clearly observed. Despite a general symmetry between hemispheres, however, the complexity of the measured maps suggests a corresponding complexity of the generators responsible for α-activity.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 214-223 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; PACS. 85.25 ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si discutono magnetometri del tipo del flussometro elettronico e di risonanza (precisione libera, pompata otticamente) che possono in qualche caso sostituire il magnetometro SQUID. Si descrivono i princípi di funzionamento, la sensibilità, l’intervallo dinamico e la risposta di frequenza. Si dà un accenno riguardo l’applicazione di questi magnetometri nelle misurazioni biomagnetiche.
    Notes: Summary Flux gate and resonance type of magnetometers (free precession, optically pumped), which can in some cases replace the SQUID magnetometer, are discussed. The principles of operation, sensitivity, dynamical range and frequency response are described. The application of these magnetometers for biomagnetic measurements is mentioned.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 255-265 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto È stata sfruttata la risoluzione spaziale del sensore magnetico per fornire stime numeriche del contributo atriale ai campi magnetici registrati esattamente prima della depolarizzazione ventricolare. Si trova che il contributo è piccolo, e questo rafforza l’interpretazione originale secondo la quale questi campi derivano principalmente dal sistema di conduzione del cuore.
    Notes: Summary We have exploited the spatial resolution of the magnetic sensor to provide numerical estimates of the atrial contribution to magnetic fields recorded just prior to ventricular depolarization. The contribution is found to be small, strenghening our original interpretation that such fields originate mostly in the conduction system of the heart.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 291-300 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si presentano i risultati preliminari ottenuti costruendo mediante computer mappe di distribuzione di campo magnetico sulla base di registrazioni ad alta risoluzione effettuate con magnetometro superconduttore. La procedura è stata applicata per esaminare i MCG di 16 pazienti affetti da pregresso infarto del miocardio. Sulla base di questa elaborazione è stato possibile dividere i pazienti in due classi, una delle quali contiene tutti i pazienti con depolarizzazioni tardive.
    Notes: Summary A possible clinical application of a high-resolution magnetic isofield contour mapping technique in cardiography is discussed. Preliminary results are presented in applying this technique to patients with recent myocardial infarction. The patients could be divided into two classes; one of them contains patients with electrical late potentials as a subclass.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 512-516 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si presentano le prime misurazioni del campo magnetico prodotto da correnti di azione che si propagano lungo l’assone singolo di un nervo gigante. Questi dati sono stati ottenuti con un trasduttore a bobina toroidale e un amplificatore o semiconduttore a temperatura ambiente.
    Notes: Summary We present the first measurements of the magnetic field produced by action currents propagating along a single giant nerve axon. These data were obtained with a toroidal pick-up coil and a room temperature semiconductor amplifier.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 517-537 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Finora la magnetoencefalografia spontanea (MEG) in soggetti normali e patologici non è stata investigata a fondo. Si conoscono pochissimi contributi in questo campo. A parte il lavoro del gruppo di biomagnetismo di Roma, il solo contributo clinico finora è stato quello di Hughes e collaboratori che era abbastanza limitato nel numero e nella scelta dei soggetti studiati. La nostra esperienza condotta fin dal 1980 su un gran numero di casi (principalmente epilessie focali) mostra che il MEG può evidenziare attività significative anche se non sono presenti anormalità EEG; esso ha inoltre una risoluzione spaziale maggiore rispetto all’EEG. I foci epilettici mostrano un’area limitata di attività massima. Finora non è stata osservata nessuna evidenza sperimentale di una differente distribuzione delle ampiezze del campo sullo scalpo. La risoluzione spaziale del MEG riguarda anche la possibilità di risolvere la morfologia dei segnali EEG (per esempio onde aguzze EEG risolte in gruppi di spikes dal MEG) o di separare topograficamente le anormalità EEG mescolate e non ben localizzate (per esempio, attività delta ed epilettiche mescolate nell’EEG e discriminate nel MEG). I migliori risultati si osservano quando la localizzazione è nella corteccia esterna. Dopo una descrizione del materiale studiato, si sottolinea l’importanza dei risultati ottenuti per la prima volta in casi di epilessie focali.
    Notes: Summary So far spontaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) in normal and pathological subjects has not been deeply investigated. Very few contributions in this field are available. Aside from the work of the Rome biomagnetic group in this field, the only clinical contribution up to now has been that of Hughes and co-workers which was rather limited in the number and in the selection of subjects investigated. Our experience, carried out since 1980 on a large number of cases—mainly focal epilepsies— shows that the MEG may evidence significant activities even if EEG abnormalities are not present and has a higher spatial resolution with respect to the EEG. Epileptic foci show a limited area of maximal activity. So far no experimental evidence of a different distribution of field amplitude over the scalp has been observed. The spatial resolution of the MEG also regards the possibility of resolving the morphology of EEG signals (for instance, EEG sharp waves resolved into groups of spikes by MEG) or topographically separate EEG abnormalities mixed up and not well localized (for instance, delta and epileptic activities mixed up in the EEG, but differently in the MEG). The best results are observed when the localization is in the outer cortex. After a description of the material studied, the importance of the results obtained for the first time in cases of focal epilepsies is outlined.
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 547-557 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biomagnetism (including magnetocardiography) ; Superconducting devices ; superconducting magnets
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    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Durante l’ultimo anno gli autori hanno condotto una ricerca sistematica su un gran numero di soggetti patologici registrando simultaneamente l’EEG e il MEG. La presente versione del nostro apparato sperimentale permette di effettuare misure MEG con un solo sensore magnetico, impedendo la rilevazione simultanea di attività MEG su punti differenti della testa. Ciò ha condotto gli autori a concentrarsi sulle epilessie focali. Fin dalle prime misure il sensore magnetico ha dimostrato un notevole potere localizzante, rafforzando l’interesse per la localizzazione in casi patologici. In questo lavoro si riportano risultati che sembrano confermare la straordìnaria capacità delle misure MEG nel localizzare sorgenti di attività cerebrali patologiche in casi di epilessie focali.
    Notes: Summary During the last year the authors have been carrying out a systematic investigation on a large number of pathological subjects simultaneously recording the EEG and the MEG. The present version of our experimental apparatus allows MEG measurements with only one magnetic detector, thus preventing the detection of simultaneous MEG activities over different points of the head. This has led the authors to concentrate upon focal epilepsies. Since the first measurements a remarkable localizing power was shown by the magnetic detector, thus strengthening the interest in pathological localization. In this contribution we report results which seem to confirm the extraordinary capability of MEG measurements to localize sources of pathological brain activities in cases of focal epilepsies.
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    Plant molecular biology 2 (1983), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: stress ; differentiation ; plant cell cultures ; heat shock
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pattern of proteins synthesized by carrot cells after heat-shock was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A study was made of the time of appearance and disappearance of the heat-shock bands and a comparison was made of the heat-shock proteins present in cell extracts obtained from cell suspensions, callus, protoplasts and the different stages of somatic embryogenesis. From this comparison a number of differences and hence of stage-specific markers could be seen. This type of analysis was also carried out in the presence of α-amanitin in order to get information on the type of control of heat-shock protein synthesis. It turned out that in all stages after the initial globular stage, α-amanitin does not alter the heat-shock protein pattern suggesting pre-existence of the relative mRNA's.
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Anther culture ; Culture temperature ; Induction frequency ; Pollen callus (plantlet) ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The response of anther culture to culture temperature was studied in detail using many varieties, F1 hybrids and pollen-derived lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as materials. The suitable culture temperature for inducing pollen callus (or embryoids) in wheat anther culture ranged from 26 °C to 30 °C, varying with genotypes. But for the great majority of wheat genotypes the suitable culture temperatures lay between 28 °C and 30°C. The most significant genotypic variation in the response to culture temperature was observed in the comparison between the culture at 33 °C for eight days followed by culture at 25 °C (or 26 °C) and the continuous culture at 25 °C (or 26 °C). This genotypic variation in the response to culture temperature is a heritable character which may be controlled by multiple genes. The effect of culture at 30 °C for eight days followed by culture at 26 °C was similar to, or in some cases, better than that of continuous culture at 28 °C, and the effect of culture at 32 °C for eight days followed by culture at 28 °C was similar to that of continuous culture at 30 °C. In the range from 26 °C to 32 °C, the overwhelming majority of pollen calli emerged before the 40th day after anther inoculation, and the higher the culture temperature, the earlier and more concentrated the emerging period of the pollen callus. The pollen callus obtained at high temperatures above 28 °C should be transferred in time onto the regeneration medium at 25°–27°C to induce shoots.
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 255-258 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Malate dehydrogenase ; Chromosomal location
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The malate dehydrogenase (E.C. no 1.1.1. 37) of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring, shows two activity zones. The results obtained support the hypothesis that the malate dehydrogenase isozymes of zone II are dimers composed of the six possible combinations of subunits coded by triplicate genes located in the long arms of chromosomes of the homoeologous group 1.
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 111-121 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Agropyron ; Intergeneric hybrids ; Embryo culture ; Chromosome pairing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum (2n=42,AABBDD) with Agropyron ciliare (2n= 28,SSYY), A. trachycaulum (2n=28,SSHH), A. yezoense (2n=28,SSYY) and A. scirpeum (2n=28) are reported for the first time. F1 hybrids of T. aestivum were also produced with A. intermedium (2n=42,E1E1E2E2Z1Z1) and A. junceum (2n=14,JuJu). All wheat-Agropyron hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue technique. Cultivars and reciprocal crosses differed for seed set, seed development and F1 plant production. The F1 hybrids were sterile. Attempts to obtain amphiploids were unsuccessful. However, backcross derivatives were obtained with wheat as the recurrent parent. The level of chromosome pairing in A. trachycaulum x wheat, A. yezoense x wheat and wheat x A. junceum hybrids provided no evidence of homologous or homoeologous pairing. Mean pairing frequencies in A. ciliare x wheat, wheat x A. scirpeum and wheat x A. intermedium hybrids indicated homoeologous or autosyndetic pairing. Ph gene was more effective in regulating homoeologous pairing in A. yezoense x wheat hybrids than in A. ciliare x wheat hybrid. Chromosome pairing data of BC1 derivatives indicated that either some of the wheat chromosomes were eliminated or Agropyron chromosomes caused reduced pairing of wheat homologues.
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Protein ; Mutation
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. Four hard red winter wheat genotypes — KS644 (‘Triumph// Concho/Triumph’), ‘Kaw’, ‘Parker’, and ‘Shawnee’ — were treated with 0.40 M ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Advanced lines (M8-M10) were selected that had a 3-year mean grain protein advantage of 0.7% to 2.0% over controls. Increased grain protein content was generally associated with decreased grain yield and kernel weight, but some high-protein mutant lines had yields or kernel weights similar to those of original genotypes. Changes in height and lodging induced by EMS were generally favorable, most mutants being shorter and lodging less than controls, but blooming date was generally delayed, a deleterious change. One line also changed from resistant to segregating for wheat soil-borne mosaic virus. Mutant lines might be utilized in cross-breeding programs, particularly if negative pleiotropic effects and linkages are absent.
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 97-101 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Electrophoresis ; Endosperm proteins
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Total endosperm protein subunits, extracted from the common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring and from some of its aneuploid lines, were fractionated according to their molecular weight (MW) in an improved high resolution one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The resolution obtained by this method and, in particular, that of the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin and gliadin subunits approached that of a previous report in which two-dimensional fractionation system based on charge and MW was used. In the cultivar Chinese Spring, 21 discrete protein bands were resolved and the chromosomes controlling many of them were either reconfirmed, or, in some cases, established. The advantages of this high resolution SDS PAGE technique are discussed.
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1983), S. 53-58 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Aegilops umbellulata ; Genetics ; Lectin ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Each of the three genomes in hexaploid wheat controls the expression of a specific lectin in the embryo. The chromosomes which control their synthesis were determined using nullisomic-tetrasomic and inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of ‘Chinese Spring’. All three wheat lectins were shown to be controlled by the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. Using ditelosomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’ the lectin genes could be localized on the long arms of chromosomes 1A and 1D. Inter-specific addition and substitution lines of Aegilops umbellulata chromosomes to ‘Chinese Spring’ indicated that chromosome 1U, which is homoeologous to the group 1 chromosomes of wheat, controls lectin synthesis.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: HMW glutenin subunit genes ; cDNA clones ; Tandem DNA repeats ; Chromosomal location ; Gene copy number ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary cDNA clones encoding wheat HMW glutenin subunits have been isolated from a cDNA bank made to poly A+ RNA from developing wheat endosperm var. Chinese Spring. One such clone, pTag 1290, has enabled us to identify the HMW glutenin mRNA species. The DNA sequence of this clone has been partially determined and it contains several tandem DNA repeats. The sequence is discussed in relation to the generation of the HMW glutenin subunit gene family. Analysis of the organization of the HMW glutenin sequences in the wheat genome revealed that the genes encoding HMW glutenin subunits exist in low copy number and are located on the long arm of each of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; T. timopheevii ; Wheat ; Photoperiod ; Vernalization ; Male sterility ; Alloplasmic hybrids
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Studies were conducted to determine the influence of the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. on response of several common winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) nuclear genotypes to photoperiod and vernalization. Comparative studies of cytoplasmic substitution lines provide information on the role of the cytoplasmic genetic mechanism in growth and development. In the case of cytoplasmic male sterility-based hybrid production systems, ubiquity of sterility-inducing cytoplasm in derived hybrids warrants thorough characterization of its influence on plant phenotype. Factorial combinations of cytoplasm (T. timopheevii and T. aestivum), nuclear genotype, and photoperiod or vernalization treatments were evaluated under hydroponic conditions in controlled environment chambers. Interaction of cytoplasm, photoperiod, and nuclear genotype was significant in one or more experiments for days to anthesis and potential spikelet number, and interaction of cytoplasm, vernalization, and nuclear genotype was significant for days to spike emergence. Long day length was associated with increased percentage seed set in one study, but interactions of photoperiod and cytoplasm were not detected for percentage seed set. Interactions involving cytoplasm and photoperiod or vernalization were interpreted as evidence of the existence of genetic factors in cytoplsam of T. timopheevii which alter photoperiod or vernalization responses of alloplasmic plants relative to responses exhibited by euplasmic plants. Since photoperiod and vernalization responses are critical to adaptation, T. timopheevii cytoplasm can alter adaptability of T. aestivum. The specific effect would be nuclear genotype dependent, and does not appear to be of a magnitude greater than that induced by nuclear genetic variability at loci conditioning photoperiod or vernalization responses or other adaptation-determining characteristics. Normal multilocation/year testing of alloplasmic hybrids should therefore adequately identify zones of adaptation.
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 77-86 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Electrophoresis ; Endosperm proteins ; Glutenins ; Gliadins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Endosperm protein subunits of 109 primitive and modern lines of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell., were fractionated by one-dimensional, high resolution, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A wide range of both qualitative and quantitative variation was observed in the fractions of the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin and gliadin subunits of the different lines. The qualitative variation was expressed in the number of subunits per fraction and in their molecular weight, as determined by the differential rate of migration. The quantitative variation was expressed in the differential staining intensity of several subunits. The widest variation was detected in the HMW glutenin and gliadin subunits controlled by chromosome 1B while a much smaller variation was observed in those subunits controlled by chromosome 1A and further smaller variation in the subunits controlled by 1D. Only a small number of subunits in both fractions was found to be controlled by chromosome 1A indicating that diploidization of endosperm protein genes in common wheat has been non-random. The genetic and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Aegilops species ; Alloplasmic lines ; 2D gel electrophoresis ; Cytoplasmic inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In this first analysis the protein patterns obtained by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of 8 day-old leaves from 18 alloplasmic wheat lines are compared. From 440 spots retained on the basis of their reproducibility, 36 proteins were observed to vary in different cytoplasms, allowing us to distinguish the T. aestivum cytoplasm from 5 Aegilops cytoplasms. Twenty-four of the 36 variable proteins could be structurally related to the large subunit of RuBPCase. Nuclear variation between 3 wheat varieties was observed for 14 proteins.
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    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 104-113 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cereals ; Embryo culture ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell proliferation from the mature embryo of wheat occurs on a defined medium in the presence of 2,4-D. Unorganized growth is observed when the 2,4-D concentration is equal to or greater than 2 mg/l, but increasing levels of 2,4-D inhibit cell division. Cell divisions begin after 4 days in culture from parenchyma cells within and near the procambial tissues of the embryo axis. By day 8 continuous meristematic zones are formed in association with vascular tissues, and DNA synthesis and cell divisions are distributed throughout these zones. No morphological evidence exists to show that these zones consist of proliferating root primordia, which are formed only after the level of 2,4-D falls below some critical concentration. When the concentration of 2,4-D is lowered, the meristematic zones first become dissected and then give rise to many root meristems.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 22-26 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: ultrastructure ; myocardium ; stress ; catecholamines
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; myocardium ; anoxia ; reoxygenation
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: ultrastructure ; adrenal medulla ; stress
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 170-172 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; myocardium ; hypoxia
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 167-169 
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    Keywords: atrium ; stress ; infarct ; phospholipases ; chloroquine
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 351-353 
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    Keywords: blood plasma ; stress ; radioimmune method
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: stress ; cytochromes P-450 and b5 ; demethylase activity ; lipid peroxidation
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: atrium ; stress ; myocardial infarct ; lipid peroxidation ; actioxidants
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  • 69
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 757-759 
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    Keywords: rats ; stress ; ischemia ; reperfusion ; contractile function of the heart ; cardiac output
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 95 (1983), S. 763-766 
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    Keywords: stress ; contractile function of the heart ; glucocorticoids
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1000-1003 
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    Keywords: stress ; cortisol ; injections ; circadian rhythms ; 11-hydroxycorticosteroids
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  • 72
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1101-1104 
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    Keywords: serotonin ; S2 receptors ; stress ; behavior
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  • 73
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1046-1050 
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    Keywords: stress ; bioelectrical activity ; hormones ; reticular formation
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1275-1278 
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    Keywords: stress ; psychotropic drugs ; high-energy compounds ; brain
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  • 75
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1414-1416 
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    Keywords: stress ; α-adrenoblocker phentolamine ; β-adrenoblocker inderal
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  • 76
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1348-1351 
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    Keywords: monoamines ; analgesia ; stress ; auricular electroacupuncture
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  • 77
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    Keywords: stress ; myocardium ; glycogen ; uridine ; extensibility
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  • 78
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    Keywords: atrium ; myocardium ; stress ; adaptation
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  • 79
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1679-1681 
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    Keywords: myocardial infarction ; atrium ; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid ; stress
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  • 80
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1692-1695 
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    Keywords: stress ; psychotropic drugs ; oxidative phosphorylation ; brain
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  • 81
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1716-1718 
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    Keywords: stress ; depression ; contractility of the heart
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  • 82
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 96 (1983), S. 1723-1726 
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    Keywords: stress ; adrenal gland ; phenazepam ; sodium hydroxybutyrate
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  • 83
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    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 265-273 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: tobacco ; virus infection ; ethylene ; salicylic acid ; stress ; cycloheximide ; actinomycin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) are induced in tobacco and other plant species by both biotic and abiotic agents, comprising necrotizing and non-necrotizing viruses, viroids, fungi, bacteria, specific physiological conditions and a variety of chemicals. Both ethephon and the natural precursor of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, are good inducers and induction under all conditions investigated so far appears to be mediated by ethylene, except treatment with benzoic acid or its derivatives salicylic acid, aspirin, and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Whereas the production of ethylene appears to result from a general reaction to stress, the mechanism by whicho-hydroxylated benzoic acids induced PRs is different. In ‘Samsun NN’ tobacco, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and ethephon induced PRs in both the treated and the untreated leaves at 20°C, but not at 32°C. However, salicylic acid induces PRs only in the treated leaves, but is as effective at 32°C as it is at 20°C. It has been proposed, therefore, that ethylene leads to the temperature-sensitive synthesis of a, presumably aromatic, compound that mimics the action of salicylic acid and functions as the natural inducer of PRs. The induction of PR 1a and 1b by salicylic acid or ethephon is blocked by cycloheximide but not by actinomycin D, whereas their accumulation upon TMV infection is inhibited up to 50% by actinomycin D. Actinomycin D similarly inhibits ethylene production in TMV-infected tobacco, supporting a role of ethylene in the induction of PRs in tobacco and indicating that ethylene acts by regulating the translation of the PR-mRNAs constitutively present but not translated in non-stimulated plants.
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  • 84
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 217-223 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hexaploid triticale ; Secale cereale ; rye ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; heterochromatin ; chromosome association
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In the hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivar Rosner chromosome 2R lacks the prominent heterochromatic bands of both telomeres. This modified 2R chromosome is capable of pairing in a high frequency with wheat chromosomes. It is hypothesized that the accumulation of heterochromatin at the telomeres of rye chromosomes may have contributed to the isolation of the wheat and rye genera by inhibiting pairing between wheat and rye chromosomes.
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  • 85
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 431-438 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; T. turgidum ; durum wheat ; X Triticosecale ; triticale ; salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Saline soils are typically very patchy in their salinity. The yield of crops growing on them is similarly patchy. This paper argues that because most of the yield from such soils comes from the least saline areas, the best breeding strategy for improving the overall yield of crops growing on them is to select for high yield on non-saline soils. This conclusion derives from comparing the effects that four different breeding goals, namely: (1) a 10% increase in yield on non-saline soils, (ii) a 20% increase in the threshold salinity that first reduces yield, (iii) a doubling of yield at an electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 20 dS/m and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii), would have on total yield. The effects of achieving these goals in barley, common wheat, durum wheat and triticale in fields exhibiting different salinities are predicted from actual yields of these species grown on different salinities in the field.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; kernel color ; protein content ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Utilization of high-protein hard red wheat germplasm in breeding high-protein hard white winter wheats for the U.S. Great Plains raised concern regarding possible genetic relationships between kernel color and protein content. Segregating F3 and F4 populations from reciprocal crosses and backcrosses involving high-protein hard red winter wheat cultivar Plainsman V and normal-protein hard white winter wheat line KS75216 were examined. Nonsignificant regression and correlation coefficients in the F3 generations of KS75216/Plainsman V, KS75216//KS75216/Plainsman V and Plainsman V//KS75216/Plainsman V indicated the absence of genetic relationships between kernel color and protein content. Therefore, despite the presence of genes for protein content and kernel color on the same chromosomes (3A, 3B and 3D), kernel color and protein content appeared as independent traits. A small but significant negative relationship between white kernel color and high protein in Plainsman V/KS75216 was attributable to the possible presence of alien genetic material in the parentage of Plainsman V. Chi-square tests indicated that Plainsman V is a mixture of genotypes for kernel color; most genotypes carry two dominant genes for red color and a few carry one or three. Genetic control of grain protein appeared to be complex. Partial dominance for high protein was indicated in the F3 generation but a generally continuous distribution and transgressive segregation also suggested other genes functioned additively. Heritability estimates by parent-offspring (F3-F4) regression were sufficiently high to ensure genetic progress in the selection of high-protein lines in the red x white wheat crosses. We concluded that development of high-protein cultivars is as feasible for white wheats as for red wheats.
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  • 87
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 299-310 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; ear colour ; glume colour ; genetics ; linkage ; chromosomal location ; geographical distribution ; homeoallelic genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A summary of the brown ear character of bread wheat is presented. In most varieties this character is conditioned by a (semi)dominant gene identified as Rg on 1BS. This gene seems to be widespread, from the viewpoint of evolution, probably because it is an ‘old’ gene. There are no indications that the presence of the gene and hence the presence of a brown ear is advantageous or disadvantageous to the carrier wheat plant. Some linkage relations are described. More research is needed to establish whether all varieties with one gene for brown ear carry Rg, to investigate the varieties with a non-monogenic genetic system and to identify more associations between brown ear and other characters. It should also further be investigated whether within T. spelta another gene for brown ear is present and, if so, whether this gene is on chromosome 1AS and linked to Hgl, the gene for hairy glume.
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  • 88
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 743-748 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; plant physiology ; plant breeding ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Major changes in the behaviour of the Australian wheat crop over the last one hundred years have been associated with three major gene groupings. The significance of major genes in monitoring response to vernalization, photoperiod and gibberellin, reveals a more optimistic future for breeding programmes where simple genetic and physiologic studies are integrated within those programmes. A revised classification of growth habit is presented in the appendix.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetic acid ; Inhibition ; Wheat growth ; Tillering ; Root growth ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies were conducted to determine the effect of and duration of the effect of alliphatic acids on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling root growth, shoot growth, and tillering. Winter wheat seedlings grown in contact with unbuffered solutions of 2 mM or greater acetic or 0.5 mM or greater propionic or butyric acid for 3 days showed decreased root and, in general, shoot growth. Buffering the medium partially alleviated the problem. Removing the seedling from the acid medium and growing it in a nutrient medium resulted in accelerated root growth, compared with the control, while shoot growth was permanently inhibited during this study. Seedling wheat, grown with one root in contact with concentrations of acetic acid ranging from 0–16 mM and the other roots in aliphatic acid-free medium, grew at the same rate as the control. Seedling wheat grown for 3 days in 2 and 4 mM acetic acid medium showed a more rapid formation of the first stem tiller (T1) than did the control. Concentrations of 6 and 8 mM acetic acid appeared to delay T1 tiller formation through the first 18 days after germination, while only 10 mM acetic acid reduced T1 tiller formation by 30% 20 days after germination. The second stem tiller (T2) was not affected by previous exposure to acetic acid. The results of these laboratory studies indicate that short-term exposure of seedling winter wheat to short-chain aliphatic acids can result in permanent shoot and tiller damage and not in permanent root damage as previously thought. These results could explain the poor performance of no-till seeded winter wheat when growing through heavy crop residues that are producing shortchain aliphatic acids during decomposition.
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  • 90
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    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 391-402 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Intercropping Lupins ; Lupinus albus ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Significant interactions between wheat and lupins occur below ground and wheat intercropped with lupins has access to a larger pool of available P, Mn and N than has wheat grown in monoculture. This suggests that the wheat is able to take up nutrients produced or made available by lupins grown in association with it.
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  • 91
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    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 463-467 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Anion uptake ; Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus ; pH Rhizosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In two field experiments sown in 1982 to test the effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of (i) spring wheat and spring barley, (ii) winter wheat and winter barley, we measured the concentrations of the major cation (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+) and anions (Cl−, SO4 2−, H2PO4 − and NO3 −) in shoot tissue. In all cases the sum of the anion concentrations (ΣA) was increased strongly by mycorrhizal infection but not by P additions, confirming earlier observations2 on spring wheat. The concentration of total cations (ΣA) was generally reduced by P additions, hence P and VAM both reduced the cation excess (ΣC−ΣA) but by different mechanisms. These results suggest that increased uptake of anions by plants with VAM may be a general phenomenom which would have important implications for the elemental composition of crops. The effect may also be manifested by other types of mycorrhizal association.
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    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 51-61 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aggregate fractions ; Fatty acids ; Long-term rotation ; Triticum aestivum ; Water-stable aggregates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three non-replicated, unfertilized, dryland grain rotations—continuous wheat, wheat-fallow, and wheat-wheat-fallow—were established in 1912 on a Dark Brown Chernozemic (Typic Haploboroll) soil. The effect of long-term cropping on the chemical constituents of total water-stable aggregates was assessed. There was a loss in percentage of total water-stable aggregates and a shift in aggregate size distribution with time. Together with an increase in the 100 μm diameter fraction, there was an increase in the sand component of this fraction. These sand particles are probably held together by alkaline-soluble, acid-insoluble organic matter. Organic carbon, polysaccharides, polyuronides, phenols, and chloroform/methanol-extractable organic matter were all associated with the 〉250 μm diameter fractions. Although the aggregates had generally the same suite of aliphatic carboxylic acids, the relative proportions changed with cultivation.
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 593-600 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; Secale cereale ; inbred lines ; intergeneric crossability ; embryo development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Crossability and embryo development were studied in the crosses of one Triticum aestivum and three T. durum genotypes with nineteen rye inbred lines. Parental wheat and rye genotypes exerted a significant influence on the characters seed set, number of seeds containing embryos and viable plantlets obtained from embryo culture. It was established that the common winter wheat cultivar Götz is of intermediate crossability. The rye inbred lines varied substantially in their capacity to fertilize several wheat genotypes. Interactions between wheats of different crossability classes and their seed set with rye lines were detected. Significant correlations were obtained between seed set and viable plantlets recovered in vitro.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; protein content ; grain yield ; mixing time ; soil-borne mosaic virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Lancota has genetic potential to produce grain with higher protein content than most other cultivars grown in the hard winter wheat region. It has not consistently expressed full potential for grain protein content outside its area of development. Experiments were conducted to determine genetic variability for grain protein content in Lancota and to utilize that variability to select genotypes with high grain protein content. Approximately 1600 lines were screened to 37 high-protein selections that varied in yield, test weight, flour mixing time, blooming date, height, and reaction to wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (WSBM). Nine promising selections (KS80476, KS80478, KS80480, KS80488, KS80490, KS80491, KS80497, KS80499, and KS80500) had grain protein advantage over Lancota of 0.5 to 1.0% and equalled or exceeded Lancota in yield or test weight. Those selections were resistant to WSBM and satisfactory or better in mixing properties than Lancota. The highest protein selection (KS80496) had a mean protein advantage of 1.5% over Lancota but exhibited a short mixing time of 1 7/8 min. The absence of correlation between some years indicated strong environmental influence on protein content. We concluded that adequate genetic variability existed in the high-grain protein cultivar Lancota to select lines that express the high protein potential better than the original cultivar outside its area of development.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; linkage drag ; seedling resistance ; Puccinia graminis tritici ; stem rust ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To determine whether linkage drag had occurred during the breeding of near isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat, 176 lines involving 11 sets of NILs, their recurrent parents and some of their donors were tested for seedling reaction to stem rust (4 races), leaf rust (3 races) and yellow rust (3 races). From the results, six cases were identified in which linkage drag may have played a role. More research is needed to prove clearly that linkage is involved. Nevertheless, the results suggest that linkage drag is a fairly common phenomenon.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat, glutenin ; high-molecular-weight subunits ; SDS-PAGE ; SDS-sedimentation test ; baking quality selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The high-molecular-weight subunit composition of glutenin is regulated by genes on the long arm of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. Evidence is presented that in general the bread-making quality of wheat cultivars containing the subunits 3+10 coded for by chromosome 1D or the subunit 2* coded for by chromosome 1A is higher than that of cultivars containing their allelic counterparts the subunits 2+11 or subunit 1 and the null form respectively. Besides it is shown that the positive effects of the subunits 3+10 and subunit 2* are additive.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum turgidum ; Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; chemotypes ; electrophoresis ; variation ; prolamines ; gliadins ; hordeins ; electrophoregram ; genetic resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of storage proteins (prolamines) was used to screen 64 landraces of wheat and barley from Nepal and the YemenArab Republic and two cultivars for comparison. Altogether 3168 single seeds were examined and the advantages gained by using the vertical slab gel method were recognised. The extent of variation present within populations of landraces could be assessed easily and rapidly using the methods described. Differences in ploidy levels of wheats were detected by PAGE and investigated. Suggestions are made for improvements in sampling strategies in hilly terrain.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: allelopathy ; ferulic acid ; no-tillage ; prickly sida ; common ragweed ; weed control ; 2-methoxy-4-ethenylphenol ; carboxylic acid ; phenol ; morning glory ; Ipomoea lacunosa ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to determine if well-known phytotoxic effects of plant residues on crop growth could also be responsible for observed reductions of certain weed species in no-till cropping systems. An aqueous extract of field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) reduced the germination and root length of pitted morning glory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.). Phytotoxicity was increased by about 70% when bioassays with the wheat extract on morning glory and ragweed were conducted in the presence of light. Phytotoxic substances were extracted from wheat with 2 N NaOH. The hydrolyzed extract was fractionated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The compound isolated by TLC having the greatest inhibitory effects on morning glory germination was identified using mass spectrometry and determined to be ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid). Ferulic acid at 5 × 103 M inhibited the germination and root length of morning glory 23 and 82%, respectively, and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) with carpels 85 and 82%, respectively. Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) germination was inhibited 100%. Ferulic acid had no effect on ragweed or prickly sida without carpels. Morning glory root and shoot biomass were reduced 52 and 26%, respectively, when morning glory was grown in sand and watered with a 5 × 103 M solution of ferulic acid. Ferulic acid in the presence of prickly sida seed carpels was found to undergo decarboxylation, forming a styrene derivative, 2-methoxy-4-ethenylphenol. The more phytotoxic styrene compound was produced by a bacterium isolated from the carpels of prickly sida seed. The study showed that ferulic acid and other compounds may indeed play a role in reducing the growth of certain weeds in no-tillage cropping systems.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; Amaranthus retroflexus ; allelopathy ; chlorogenic acid ; seedling growth ; plant debris ; stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When added to soil,Helianthus annuus debris from plants grown under various nutrient stresses in the greenhouse and field had a significant negative effect onAmaranthus retroflexus seedling dry weight production. The regression models for dry weight versus total phenolic compounds and the variation in N, P, and K contents of theHelianthus debris were significant. It was possible to partially simulate debris inhibition ofA. retroflexus seedling dry weight production when chlorogenic acid alone was added to the soil instead ofHelianthus debris. The inhibition ofAmaranthus growth byHelianthus debris and chlorogenic acid was not evident when nutrient solution was applied to the soil.
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    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Crop residue ; Root growth ; Shoot growth ; Soil types ; Temperature ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two controlled environment experiments were conducted to examine the germination and early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Songlen) growing under crop residues of rape, sorghum, field pea and wheat. Additional treamments also included were soil type (Lithic Vertic Ustochrept and Plinthustalf) and temperature (8°C and 24°C to simulate winter and autumn sowing conditions). At low temperature, wheat and sorghum residues produced the most adverse effects on germination with all residues reducing emergence at high temperatures. Shoot lengths were also reduced by most residues at high temperatures whilst root lengths and shoot and root dry weights were unaffected by residue treatments. These results suggest major phytotoxic effects of residues during early growth (up to 14 days after sowing) with, in general, few interactions with soil type or temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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