ALBERT

Description: Within the Cantabrian zone during the Devonian and Early Carboniferous three large palaeogeographical units were of importance: the Asturian geanticline, the Palencian basin and the Asturo-Leonesian basin. These units have a different history of sedimentation, particularly the Palencian basin. Further, in the Asturo-Leonesian basin there were some important structural elements: the Intra-Asturo-Leonesian facies line, formed by an active, normal fault parallel to the border of the basin, and two structural highs: the Pardomino high and the Somiedo high which divided the basin into three pieces. The Asturo-Leonesian basin was a narrow, shallow continental shelf which in the south and west passed into the deeper part which extended over the West Asturian-Leonese zone. With help of biostratigraphic correlations of the Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous deposits in the Cantabrian zone, based on conodonts, an overview is given of the depositional history of the entire area. Several times during the Givetian and Frasnian a biostromal platform developed in the Asturo-Leonesian basin with small bioherms of stromatoporoids and corals at the southern border along the facies line and in the east along the León line, with a lagoon behind. In the Palencian basin the sediment supply was always smaller. There, shales and nodular limestones with pelagic faunas (Gustalapiedra Formation) were deposited. Carbonate sedimentation started simultaneously with the formation of the first carbonate platform of the Portilla Formation in the Asturo-Leonesian basin. Repeatedly the Asturian geanticline was uplifted leading to tilting of the Asturo-Leonesian basin and to erosion of the uplifted parts. The siliciclastic erosion products were deposited in the subsided parts leading to progradation of the coast with the formation of coastal barriers notably along the facies line. As soon as the supply of siliciclastics decreased, a new carbonate platform could form. The last stromatoporoid-coral biostromes formed such a platform at the end of the Frasnian in the Esla area (Crémenes Limestone in the Nocedo Formation). At the same time, in the west of the Asturo-Leonesian basin fan-deltas formed along the facies line, with conglomerates which originated from erosion at the geanticline, which then apparently extended to the facies line. The Asturian geanticline had extended gradually during the Devonian and the differences between the basins had increased. Uplift of the geanticline resulted in the emergence of the entire Asturo-Leonesian basin during the early Famennian. Then, erosion products from the geanticline were also transported into the Palencian basin by turbidity currents (Murcia Formation) interrupting the sedimentation of nodular limestones which recovered later on (Vidrieros Formation). At the end of the Famennian, due to a transgression the sea spread rapidly over the truncated geanticline. South of the Intra-Asturo-Leonesian facies line initially turbiditic storm deposits (Fueyo Formation) formed while a thin layer of sands and crinoidal grainstones (Ermita Formation) was deposited on the geanticline and in the major part of the Asturo-Leonesian basin. The entire Cantabrian zone may have been emergent during the early Tournaisian and, together with deformations in the West Asturian-Leonese zone movements lead to an inversion of the relief in the Cantabrian zone with the formation of a number of small basins in the platform. When, during the late Tournaisian a transgression lead to the spread of cold, nutrient-rich water over the entire area, some of this water stagnated in the basins so that black shales, radiolarites and phosphatic nodules (Vegamián Formation) could be deposited at the same time as the carbonate sedimentation continued on other parts of the platform. The continuation of the transgression lead to the formation of nodular limestones (Alba Formation), first only on the shallow platforms but later also in the deeper parts because circulation in the basins improved. The Variscan orogenesis lead to deformations of which some are discussed in this paper. Lithological data indicate that the Esla nappe and the Valsurvio area were displaced towards the north and later the South Cantabrian block was shifted about 15 to 20 km towards the east along the Sabero-Gordón line. The different formations and smaller lithological units are described and an informal subdivision of the Portilla Formation is proposed. The conodont faunas which were found are described. A number of interesting or problematic species is treated more extensively. The conodont biozonation is discussed. For the early Carboniferous the regional zonation of Higgins (1974) is adapted: the Polygnathus fauna and Gnathodus pseudosemiglaber Zone are introduced. Rather extensively the palaeoecology of the conodonts will be discussed.

Description: A systematic account is presented of the species of the Tipula (Acutipula) maxima group. To the eleven species and subspecies already known, six are added as new: maxima balcanica, transcaucasica latifurca, libanica, cretensis, isparta, and cypriensis. Of all taxa the genital structures of the males and females are described and figured. These structures allow a grouping of the species into five subgroups. The distribution of the species and subspecies is mapped; they are all limited to smaller areas in the Mediterranean region, but for maxima itself which occupies almost entire Europe.

Description: The wood anatomy of the genera of the tribe Moreae with urticaceous stamens, viz. Broussonetia, Madura s.l. (including Cardiogyne, Chlorophora, and Cudrania), Malaisia, Milicia, Morus, Olmedia, Pachytrophe, Plecospermum, Sloetiopsis, Streblus s.l. (including Paratrophis, Phyllochlamys, Pseudostreblus, and Sloetia), and Trophis s.l.(including Calpidochlamys and Maillardia), is described in detail. Separate descriptions have been made for sections and/or subgenera to facilitate the discussion about the generic delimitations made by several taxonomists. The following generic combinations previously proposed by taxonomists are supported by wood anatomical features: Broussonetia + Allaeanthus: Maclura + Chlorophora + Cardiogyne + Cudrania + Plecospermum. The segregation of the African species of Chlorophora in a separate genus Milicia is supported by wood anatomical evidence. The broad genus concept of Streblus and Trophis is not supported by wood anatomy. Several sections of these genera should be reinstated as genera. The correlations between wood anatomy, latitude, habit and habitat are discussed as far as allowed by the material studied. Characters useful for the delimitation of the genera proved to be the size of the intervascular pits, the parenchyma distribution, and the lengths of fibres and vessel elements. Rhombic crystals, vitreous silica and radial latex tubes usually are useful additional characters.

Description: A description is given of two new species in the genus Pristimera, P. dariense from Panama and P. caudata from Suriname. P. dariense differs by its flattened disk from the other New World species of the genus, but would fit in the subgenus Trochantha N. Hallé known from Africa. Cuervea crenulata sp. nov. is a species collected in Brazil, Minas Gerais. Another species in Cuervea, C. mitchellae (Johnst.) A.C. Smith is considered as a synonym of C. kappleriana. Hylenaea unguiculata sp. nov. is a new species from Suriname. The material on which the new species is based was at first erronously ascribed to the genus Tontelea with remarkably similar flowers.

Description: After completion of the monograph of Anaxagorea, a number of new collections were studied and annotated. Among this material there appeared to be a new species from Venezuela, at the same time the first true rheophyte in Annonaceae. The rare and hitherto incompletely known A. silvatica has now turned up from the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. The flower of this species is described for the first time. New records are mentioned insofar as they add to previously existing information.

Description: An increasingly large number of macrodisjunct species is emerging from recent literature dealing with taxonomy and floristics of tropical bryophytes. This paper reviews present knowledge concerning Afro-American disjunctions in Hepaticae and seeks to interprete the data in the light of current phytogeographical theory. Numerous new floristic records and range extensions are given and some taxonomic novelties are proposed. For 35 Afro-American species known three main distribution types are recognized, each further subdivided: Tropical Afro-American (lowland, montane and the alpine element), Subtropical-Mediterranean (southern, wide element) and Temperate-Subantarctic (southern, wide element). Most species belong to Jungermanniales except for the subtropical ones which are thallose. A few Afro-American genera, including the “peri-Afroamerican” Symbiezidium and Bryopteris, and vicariant species-pairs are also discussed. Among tropical taxa, lowland patterns are normally continuous, while montane and alpine patterns are typically “quadricentric” resp. “bicentric”. Deviating patterns may due to insufficient exploring or taxonomic knowledge, or relict nature. Several species are “weedy” and in the possession of excellent dispersal capacities; their occurrence in other palaeotropic regions is to be expected as well. Interpretation of dispersability is hampered, however, by the lack of experimental data on spore viability in liverworts (as contrary to mosses). It is postulated that macrodisjunct Afro-American species ranges in most cases should have arisen from successful transoceanic long-range dispersal whereas generic disjunction and species vicariance might be the result of ancient land connections, viz. evolution following the dissection of western Gondwanaland.

Description: The neotropical genus Fusispermum (actinomorphous Violaceae) contains two species in northern South America (Peru, Colombia) and a third species F. laxiflorum Hekking sp. nov. from Panama. The genus differs from two subfamilies Violoideae and Leonoideae of the Violaceae as distinguished by Melchior, by its convolute aestivation of the petals, its deviating androecium and its capsula containing two different kinds of seeds and is therefore placed in a subfamily of its own, Fusispermoideae Hekking subfam. nov. A key to the neotropical actinomorphous genera of Violaceae is provided.

Description: This is a first-rate, beautifully produced book, the contents and presentation of which are an example to all local flora writers. I use the phrase ‘local flora’ with hesitation; Arkansas is larger than the whole of England by 3000sq. miles I Introductory chapters, brief yet to the point, explain ferns and allied plants to the naturalist and layman; an illustrated glossary is a plus; pteridophyte distribution and ecology, discussed naturally in an Arkansas context, make interesting reading. A well illustrated key is given to the 32 genera included. The bulk of the book is given to descriptions of these genera, keys to the 78 species found in Arkansas, and clear descriptions with a full page line-drawing of each species by one of the leading botanical artists of the present time. Not only is each page beatifully laid out but the close-up drawings are accurate and show what is required. As so many of the species are either grown in Britain or related to the European flora I expect the book to be as useful on this sides of the Atlantic as on the other.

Description: A subdivision of Ficus subg. Urosligma sect. Galoglychia is proposed and the following subdivisions established: subsect. Caulocarpae (Mildbr. & Burret) C.C. Berg, subsect. Chiamydodorae (Mildbr. & Burret) C.C. Berg, subsect. Crassicoslae (Mildbr. & Burret) C.C. Berg, subsect. Cyathistipulae (Mildbr. & Burret) C.C. Berg, subsect. Galoglychia, and subsect. Plalyphyllae (Mildbr. & Burret) C.C. Berg.

Description: The small genus Tetrameranthus R.E. Fries, occurring in the Amazon region, is revised. Two new species are described, in addition to the three already known. Available data still indicate that this genus belongs in Annonaceae, but takes up an isolated position within that family.

Description: The wood and leaf anatomy of the 6 genera of the Cecropiaceæ are described in detail. The anatomical data are compared with those of the allied Moraceæ and Urticaceæ. The relationship between habit, habitat, and anatomical characters is discussed, as well as the relationships within the family. Based on anatomical data the genus Poikilospermum should be included in the family Urticaceæ.

Description: The taxonomy of the family Megaloeporaceae (Lecanorales, lichenised ascomycetes) has been revised basing on an examination of morphology, anatomy and chemistry of thallus and apothecia, and of apothecium ontogeny. The Megalosporaceae are mainly characterised by features of the apothecium ontogeny, by thallus- and apothecium-chemistry, and by a range of spore types. Three genera have been distinguished within this family, Austroblastenia (gen. nov.) with two species, occuring in Australia and New Zealand, Megaloblastenia (gen. nov.) with two species, occuring in Australia, New Zealand and southern South America, and Megalospora, with twenty-five species, concentrated in Australasia, but with representatives throughout the tropical and warmtemperate zones of the world. The delimitation of these genera is based on spore structures. The species delimitations are mainly based on features of the epithecium pigmentation and granulation, spore structure and size, hymenium size and thallus chemistry. Species are defined as entities characterised by at least two independent differentiating characters. Entities with only a single such character (e.g. "chemospecies" or "secondary species") have been treated below specific rank or left unnamed. The delimitation of the genus Megalospora has been changed. Several species had to be transferred to other genera, notably Catinaria, while on the other hand several Bombyliospora species, including its type, as well as a few species with muriform spores, have been included in Megalospora. In all 11 species and 3 subspecies are newly described. Nearly all members of the family inhabit humid, cool forests, often cloud forest in tropical mountains. Basing on a cladistic analysis the ancestor of the family is supposed to have had bicellular spores with thick septa, which supports a relation with the Buelliinae. Most of the evolution of the family is supposed to have taken place on Gondwana-land, from which main migration routes have brought species into tropical Africa and America, into tropical and eastern Asia, and into southern South America.

Description: Detailed wood anatomical descriptions are given for the genera Anthospermum, Nenax, Phyllis, Carpacoce, Coprosma, Neogaillonia, Crocyllis, Plocama and Spermadictyon, and miscellaneous wood anatomical data on the genera Normandia, Pomax, Opercularia, Leptodermis and Aitchisonia. The wood anatomical variation within the large genus Anthospermum is discussed. Secondary woodiness is likely to occur in a number of Anthospermum species; other species of the genus have “normal” wood structure or are herbaceous. Nenax and Carpacoce may also have secondary woodiness. The Anthospermeae and the Paederieae differ from each other primarily in the fibre type: Anthospermeae have fibre tracheids, Paederieae libriform fibres. Except for the genus Phyllis, wood anatomical features largely support the delimitiation of the two tribes and to a certain extent the suggested groupings of genera within the two tribes.

Description: This is a preliminary survey of the Habenaria species now known from Suriname. A key and descriptions, as well as analytical drawings of the flowers are provided. The descriptions are based not only on collections from Suriname, but also on material from the other Guianas.

Description: Acanthaceae. At C, Dr. Bertel Hansen is working towards an account of the family in Thailand and Indochina and is starting the publication of his results. Several species occur also in Malaya. Algae. Mr. P.A. Cordero Jr published a large study on marine red algae occurring in the Philippines.

Description: Beccari, Odoardo (1843-1920) R.E.G. Pichi Sermolli & C.G.G.J. van Steenis, Dedication, Fl. Males. I, 9 (1983) (6)-(44), 3 portr. Full biographical account of this versatile explorer in Sarawak, West New Guinea and Central Sumatra, and palm taxonomist, prolific writer in Italian whose work at Florence has been traced in detail, with bibliography, lists of published letters, list of maps prepared by him (several in New Guinea), biographical papers and travel accounts (also in Ethiopia), and some works about his plant collections. His considerable zoological collections are mentioned in passing.

Description: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae — b) Fungi & Lichens — c) Bryophytes — d) Pteridophytes — e) Spermatophytes 8 General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk.

Description: Keys to and critical notes on the European species of the genera Marasmiellus and Rhodocybe are given. The nomenclature of Macrocystidia is elucidated. Two rare species, viz. Rhodocybe melleopallens and R. fallax are fully described and illustrated. Rhodocybe mundula is reduced to the synonymy of R. popinalis. Rhodocybe nauceodulcis is transferred to Omphaliaster. The new combinations Rhodocybe microsporum (Velen.) Noordel., Marasmiellus omphaliformis (Kühn.) Noordel., Omphaliaster nauseodulcis (Horak) Noordel. and O. kyrtosporus (Horak) Noordel. are made.

Description: The leaf anatomy of all 33 species of Heisteria is described, based on a study of 143 specimens. There is a considerable amount of diversity in stomatal type (anisocytic, anomocytic, cyclocytic, laterocytic or paracytic), in occurrence and type of mesophyll sclereids, and of fibre bundles along the leaf margin. Outline and thickness of anticlinal epidermal cell walls, cuticle thickness, crystal complement, and stomatal size also vary, but often below the species level. The leaf anatomical diversity can be used for recognising 8 groups of varying distinctness in Heisteria. H. asplundii and H. skutchii with laterocytic stomata, and H. pentandra and H. scandens with paracytic stomata constitute the two most distinct infrageneric groups; the other six groups appear mutually more closely related and are partly linked through intermediates. A tentative phylogenetic classification of Heisteria and a discussion of the position of Heisteria in the Olacaceae is given.

Description: In the area of Valdeón and adjacent western Liébana (along the provincial boundary between León and Santander, in northern Spain) Namurian and Westfalian flysch deposits are unconformably covered by a sequence of olistostrome and flysch units, alternating with nappes. This sequence, with a thickness of about 5 km, was built up during the Middle Cantabrian. It is covered in turn by the Picos de Europa nappes with intercalated flyschoid sediments of a slightly younger age. In this paper the discrete lithostratigraphic and structural units are described and analyzed. Special attention is given to the fusulinid biostratigraphy. The contact relations between nappes and olistostrome units and their complementary lithostratigraphy are explained as the result of synsedimentary emplacement of the nappes by gravitational sliding along the earth surface. The palaeogeologic setting prior to the deposition of the nappes and olistostromes is deduced from the stratigraphy and lithofacies of the nappes and the allochthonous elements constituting the olistostromes. The regional geologic setting thus obtained and its consequent sedimentological and structural development, are discussed. An attempt is made to fit these developments in the model of a continental strike-slip system.

Description: Two new Dorstenia species from East Brazil are described: D. brevipetioiata C.C. Berg and D. contensis Carauta & Berg

Description: Three new species of Salacia are described. Salacia bullata spec. nov., a liana, characterized by bullate leaves, was collected in Brazil, Territorio Amapa. It comes closest to S. amplectens. A.C. Smith’s key (1940) should be amended to include a new group ‘Amplectentes’. This group, containing S. bullata and S. amplectens would be near ‘Arboreae’. Salacia alwynii, spec. nov., a vining species comes from Peru, Maynas, and is characterized by very large leaves and large cauliflorous flowers. It belongs to the species group ‘Ellipticae’ sensu Smith. It was also collected in Venezuela. Salacia paradoxa spec. nov. is a liana collected in Brazil along the Manaus-Caracarai road. Its long leaves are narrowly elliptic, its flowers are extremely small. In leaf characters it is strikingly similar to S. solimoesensis of Smith’s species group ‘Ellipticae’, the shape of the disk, however, suggests the species group ‘Crassifoliae’. Specimens with fruits, collected in western Brazil may belong either to S. paradoxa or to S. solimoesensis.

Description: As a result of a revision of the Neotropical Lisyantheae (Gentianaceae) several new species and subspecies have to be described, and some new combinations have to be made. The names of all 17 species of Irlbachia currently recognized are given, together with their most common synonyms.

Description: Anticipating a forthcoming monograph of the subfamily Drynarioideae (Polypodiaceae), six new combinations in Aglaomorpha are made. Apart from full synonymy and descriptions, this monograph will include the phylogenetic systematics of this group. The phylogenetic relationships established lead to the recognition of the holophyletic genera Aglaomorpha and Drynaria only. The generic delimitation of Drynaria is not affected, but Aglaomorpha needs to be emended including all other (mostly monotypic) drynarioid genera. As a consequence, the following nomenclatural changes are necessary.

Description: The SEM was used as a taxonomic aid to the authors while writing a monograph of Irlbachia (Neotropical Gentianaceae). In most cases, external seed morphology was distinctive at the species level. SEM use has confirmed the authors’ ideas on the synonymy of many of the species in the genus. This article describes the seed morphology of the seven species.

Description: Anthodus paniculatus Martius, reduced to a synonym of Hemiangium excelsum (H.B.K.) A. C. Smith by A. C. Smith, is reestablished here as Hemiangium paniculatum (Mart.) A. M. W. Mennega. H. excelsum in the present sense is now restricted to C. America, whereas H. paniculatum occurs in S. America.

Description: Along an altitudinal transect on the northern slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, 500-4100 m, five altitudinal bryophyte zones are distinguished – four forest zones and one páramo zone – based on ecosystem relevé analysis concerning species presence, substrate preference and percentage cover of bryophytes. Relevés were compared by using Sørensen’s Index of Similarity and a simplified dendrogram technique, and zonation diagrams were constructed. Bryophyte zonation seems primarily correlated with climatic factors (precipitation, air temperature) as preliminary data suggest. Species presence and cover percentage appear to be of almost equal significance in distinguishing the different bryophyte zones of the tropical forests and are highest in the so-called “condensation zones”. Work continues on other altitudinal transects in the Colombian Andes, in the framework of the ECOANDES project.

Description: During a study of the Podostemonaceae for the Flora of Suriname a specimen of Apinagia was found which could not be placed in one of the species recognized by van Royen (1951, 1953, 1954). The specimen forms part of a mixed collection mainly consisting of Mourera fluviatilis Aubl. but also containing a specimen of Apinagia longifolia (Tul.) van Royen (sub Irwin et al. 55346A in K and NY).

Description: ARMSTRONG, J.A., J.M. POWELL & A.J. RICHARDS (eds.), Pollination and Evolution, vii + 108 pp. (1982, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney). $A 15.00 plus postage. This publication is the edited text of nine out of eleven papers read at a symposium on pollination biology during the 13th International Botanical Congress in Sydney, August 1981. The majority of the papers deal with Australian plants and animals. A.J. Beattie discusses the paucity of ant pollination systems in contrast to the abundance in ant dispersal systems. From Vivienne Turner we learn that 25 out of 119 Australian marsupials are known to visit flowers, but only few actually play a role in pollination, mainly in Myrtaceae and Proteaceae. G.J. Keighery discusses bird pollination in Western Australia and D.C. Patton the influence of honeyeaters on flowering strategies of Australian plants. — M.M.J, van Balgooy.

Description: A new species, Zygogynum vinkii, is described within the woody Ranalean family Winteraceae. It differs from other species of the endemic New Caledonian genus in having 302-371 stamens per flower. Unspecialized cells of the lower leaf surface are covered with cuticular papillae of a type hitherto unreported in Zygogynum. The three species with non-tetrad pollen, Z. pomiferum, Z. mackeei and Z. vinkii are compared.

Description: Op het Laboratorium voor Fysische Geografie en Bodemkunde van de Universiteit van Amsterdam o.l.v. Prof. Dr. A.P.A. Vink is men al jaren bezig met het samenstellen van landschapsecologische kaar ten. Van de kant van dit instituut uit zou het van belang zijn te weten wat de biologische waarde is van de verschillende door hen onderscheiden landschapselementen, de biologische waarde die onder andere afgeleid zou kunnen worden uit het voorkomen of juist òntbreken van bepaalde amfibie- en reptielsoorten. De verspreiding en ecologie van amfibieën en reptielen vormt een groot deel van het onderzoeksterrein van de afdeling Herpetologie, onder leiding van Dr. D. Hillenius, van het Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie van de Universiteit van Amsterdam. Het nauwkeurig vastleggen van de levensvoorwaarden van de verschillende soorten is bij dit onderzoek van grote waarde. Samenwerking op het gebied van de landschapsecologische kartering zou derhalve voor beide instellingen van nut kunnen zijn.

Description: Twelve species of amblypygids from Cuba are described and pictured. Data are given on the distribution and a Key to species is provided. Nine out of the twelve species are endemic to Cuba, indicating a high degree of endemism. The inferred relationships among the species of Phrynus and Paraphrynus are plotted as cladograms. Relationships of Charinides species are discussed. Of the three genera present in Cuba, Charinides is reported for the first time for the Caribbean and four new species are described. The genus Speleophrynus Ravelo, which includes two endemic species from Venezuelan caves, S. tronchonii Ravelo and S. bordoni Ravelo, is placed in synonymy under Charinides. Two species are transferred to Phrynus: Hemiphrynus machadoi Fage, the only phrynid species known from outside of America, and the fossil species Tarantula resinae Schawaller. The biogeographic relationships of the Caribbean amblypygid fauna are discussed.

Description: 42 species are listed from the Syltian of the Morsum Cliffs on the Isle of Sylt (Federal Republic of Germany). None was previously known from this locality. Descriptions of 14 new species from Sylt: Congridarura acutirostris, Clupeidarum opisthonomus, Osmerus jansseni, ?Synodidarum xenosus, Notolepis inconspectus, Myctophidarum biexcisus, Pseudocolliolus syltensis, Trisopterus angustus, Morone rectidorsalis, Sciaenidarum beseli, Lycodes lobatus, Trigloporus boschi, ?Sebastes fitchi and Lepidorhombus klockenhoffi, are given. One new species. Boreogadus similis, is described from the Lower Pliocene Kattendijk Sands of the Antwerp area (Belgium). One species of the Pliocene of Antwerp, Oncocottus asper, now is iden.tified as Enchelyopus. The otolith faunas from Sylt are strongly dominated by the Gadidae and clearly show their own character; nevertheless they exhibit a much closer relationshlp with older Late Miocene faunas and even with Middle Miocene faunas than with the Pliocene to recent ones which are known from the North Sea Basin. The Syltian clays were formed in a quiet, open marine environment not very close to the coast, probably at depths between 50 and 100 m.

Description: The author is indebted to Mrs. C. S. OLDENBURGER – EBBERS, Mrs. J. S. DE LEEUW VAN WEENEN – DE HART and Mr. F. VAN DER HEIDE for allowing him to include a number of measurements and other data, produced during their student’s practical course in taxonomy at the Zoological Laboratory of the Utrecht University in 1967-1969. CARLA OLDENBURGER (cf. Table 2, Figs. 27-34) and JEANNETTE DE LEEUW VAN WEENEN (cf. Figs. 39-41) studied the greater part of the Cicindela material, while VAN DER HEIDE (cf. Table 5, Figs. 42-46) examined most of the Megacephala specimens. Loans from the Science Museum of the Institute of Jamaica and from the British Museum (Natural History) are gratefully acknowledged. Several interesting specimens collected by Dr. Ir. R. H. COBBEN (Wageningen) and Dr. F. CHALUMEAU (Guadeloupe) have also been studied, while a few specimens from the Zoölogisch Museum of Amsterdam and the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden are included for comparison. Dr. CHALUMEAU and MICHAEL A. IVIE (Columbus, Ohio) kindly informed me about their coleopterological activities. Furthermore I greatly enjoyed my contacts with Dr. THOMAS H. FARR (Kingston, Jamaica) and Mr. C. M. C. BROUERIUS VAN NIDEK (Voorburg, Netherlands).

Description: A 400 m thick succession of Carboniferous rocks near Pendueles (E Asturias) at the north coast of Spain has yielded fusulinid foraminifera indicating an Upper Bashkirian age for the basal strata, and at least an Upper Podolskian age for the uppermost fusulinid-containing limestone 135 m below the top of the sequence. The fusulinid species from the Pendueles section have been sampled and described from seven stratigraphic levels at regular intervals from each other. Age determinations for each of these levels showed that strata of Vereyan and Lower Kashirian age (Lower Moscovian) are either missing or represented by a thin (40 m) sequence of chert below the Escalada Limestone. One new subspecies of Profusulinella ovata Rauser-Chernoussova is described. It occurs at the base of the Escalada Limestone and is of Middle? Kashirian age. With respect to the time-span involved, the Pendueles succession is very thin relative to other well-known Carboniferous sequences in Asturias especially when compared to those described from the Central Coal Basin of Asturias and eastward adjoining areas such as around Campo de Caso and Beleño, where time-equivalent sequences attain a thickness in the range of about 1250 m to over 3000 m. The Pendueles section is singular in being the only one in W. Europe where marine Moscovian rocks in a cliff coast are so completely represented, well exposed and easy to get at. In many beach sections of N Spain, Carboniferous successions do not reach beyond the Bashkirian (Llanes; Playa de San Pedro, W of Gijón) ; others which include Moscovian rocks are less accessible (Hontoria).

Description: A new species of marine triclad, Ectoplana undata n. sp., ectoparasitic on the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas, is described. Cocoons of triclads were found on T. gigas as well as on the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda; since from the latter species no triclads were collected, it remains unknown whether these cocoons are those of E. undata or of another species. The genus Ectoplana, though poorly defined, is here retained, for stated reasons, pending a revision of the Procerodidae.

Description: Populations of three species of the genus Heterocypris: H. margaritae Margalef, 1961, H. antillensis Broodbakker, 1982, and H. punctata Keyser, 1975, sampled in the Caribbean region are studied. (1) An attempt is made to correlate differences in mean carapace length between samples from different islands and within intra-insular samples, with environmental factors. (2) Differences in the ecology of the three species are determined. (3) The distribution of the three species is discussed. (4) Related species are compared. Differences in carapace length appear not to be related with genetic differences, but to be caused by environmental influences. In H. margaritae correlation was found between carapace length and size (as area) of habitat, and in H. antillensis between carapace length and vegetation. Variation in carapace length is probably related with food abundance, pollution and some factors of water chemistry. H. margaritae is a euryhaline species, living in more permanent habitats of medium size, and in subterranean habitats as well. H. antillensis is a freshwater and oligohaline species, living in more temporary, somewhat polluted, open habitats, with a muddy bottom in limestone areas. H. punctata is a mesohaline species, dwelling in larger uncovered waterbodies on limestone, with a mud or sandy mud bottom. H. margaritae has its closest relatives in South America, while H. antillensis and H. punctata seem to have their closest relatives in the southern part of North America.

Description: A new map of Nördliche Bockkarkees (Glocknergroup, Hohe Tauern, Eastern Alps) has been produced in a scale of 1:10000. As a basis an aerophotogrammetric survey on September 18, 1979 was used. The original photogrammetric stereoplotting was in a scale of 1:5000. The map is printed in four coloures with 10 m contourlines. Rapid motion of the glacier tongue and ice avalanches up to several million cubic meters occure on Nördliches Bockkarkees frequently. The position of the glacier is shown three weeks before a glacier avalanche broke off the tongue on October 5./6., 1979. The large-scale map represents a contribution to the investigation of the recurrent ice avalanches at this glacier and is one of the necessary preconditions for further research.

Description: Die Mitarbeiter des Meßdienstes des Österreichischen Alpenvereins haben im Berichtsjahr 17 Gebietsberichte mit 212 Seiten und 270 Fotos eingesandt. Erstmals ist im Beobachtungsnetz mit dem Gößnitzkees ein Gletscher der Schobergruppe aufgenommen worden, nachdem im Vorjahr dort Marken angelegt worden sind. Ansonsten blieb das Meßprogramm und der Stab der Berichterstatter unverändert. Mit dem Bildmaterial sind die Verhältnisse an den Gletschern gut dokumentiert. Die Originalberichte werden im Gletschermeßarchiv im AV-Haus in Innsbruck aufbewahrt und sind dort einsehbar.