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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 76 (1983), S. 247-252 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The marine cadmium-sensitive Acinetobacter CS 13 was grown in glucose-limited chemostats to study the chronic toxicity of CdCl2. Addition of 25, 50 or 100 μg Cd2+ l-1 caused disturbances of balanced growth. At the dilution rate (D) of 0.05 h-1 the washout rate (A) became constant at 84, 78 or 66 h after addition of 25, 50 or 100 μg Cd2+ l-1 The washout rates were calculated to be respectively 0.037 h-1, 0.039 h-1 and 0.077 h-1. At D=0.1 h-1, A became constant after 48, 42 and 36 h, and were the same as D for all three Cd concentrations. Acridine orange staining revealed that 99% of the cells fluoresced green (viable cells) and 1% red or orange (dead cells). However, under Cd stress the percentage of red and orange fluorescing cells increased up to 20%. At D=0.1 h-1, viable and direct cell counts always gave the same result. At D=0.05 h-1, however, viable cell counts were lower than direct cell counts after 2–3 d of Cd exposure. It is assumed that at D=0.05 h-1, a part of the cells appearing green was already Cd injured, but the true yellowish green colour was not identified. Decreasing cell densities were accompanied by increasing glucose concentrations. Cells accumulated Cd (0–25 μg Cd2+ l-1) in relation to exposure time and Cd concentration in the medium, but maximum Cd contents were the same, increasing from 5.5 or 5.7 μg g-1 dry wt in the control to 15 μg g-1 after 2–3 d (D=0.05 h-1) or 16 μg g-1 after 1–2 d (D=0.1 h-1).
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 963-967 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experimental measurements have been made of the transverse diffusion of Rb+ swarms drifting in He gas at E/N (drift field to gas concentration ratio) values ranging from 5 to 500 Td, and at gas temperatures between 302 and 304 K. Results with typical errors of ±3% are reported. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) calculations were made of the mobility, transverse, and longitudinal diffusion coefficients of Rb+ in He using two recently proposed interaction potentials. Comparisons of the MCS results with available experimental data give an indication of the validity and accuracy of the respective assumed interaction potentials at different interatomic distances. Further calculations of the transverse and longitudinal diffusion coefficients from known mobility values using the generalized Einstein relations based on the three-temperature theory suggest that the theory is fairly accurate at all E/N values despite the high ion-neutral mass ratio. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 4519-4523 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ratio of the transverse diffusion coefficient to the mobility (DT/K) for Rb+ ions drifting in Kr and Xe gases at about 303 K has been measured at electric field to neutral gas density ratio (E/N) values ranging from 5 to 500 Td. Calculations of the reduced mobility (K0) and the ratios of the longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficients to mobility (DL/K and DT/K, respectively) for both Rb+–Kr and Rb+–Xe systems were made using a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique and the interaction potential of Koutselos, Mason, and Viehland [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 7125 (1990)]. Furthermore, DL/K and DT/K values were derived from K0 values obtained from the present MCS calculations and from experimental results reported in the literature, using the generalized Einstein relations which are based on the three-temperature theory. For the Rb+–Kr system, the experimental values of DT/K were found to be 2%–4% higher than those from MCS calculations for E/N values above 120 Td. For the Rb+–Xe system, the experimental DT/K values were similarly higher than the MCS values in the range 90–220 Td. Given that the standard error of the experimental measurements of DT/K is estimated to be better than 3% and that of the MCS calculations is better than 2.5%, the agreement between the present experimental DT/K data and those from MCS calculations can be considered to be fairly good. The interaction potential of Koutselos, Mason, and Viehland therefore appears to represent well the actual potential for both Rb+–Kr and Rb+–Xe systems. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 586-590 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ratio, DT/K, of the transverse diffusion coefficient to mobility for Na+ ions drifting in Xe gas has been experimentally measured. Inevitable longitudinal end effects present in the drift tube were duly corrected for. Results at ∼303 K are reported at electric field to neutral gas density ratios, E/N, ranging from 5 to 440 Td. Furthermore, elaborate calculations of the reduced mobility, K0, the ratio, DL/K, of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient to mobility, and DT/K were calculated with a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method which used the interaction potential of Koutselos, Mason, and Viehland [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 7125 (1990)] as input. The accuracy of this potential has been evaluated by comparing the results with the experimental data and those calculated using the generalized Einstein relations technique. Agreement within 3% between the experimental values of DT/K and those from MCS calculations for the whole range of E/N suggests that the interaction potential represents fairly well the true potential. The error of the experimental measurements of DT/K is estimated to be better than 3.5% and that of the MCS calculations is better than 1% for K0 and 2.5% for DT,L/K.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 418 (2002), S. 17-17 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir We agree with your Opinion article “Selling science to the young” (Nature 417, 1; 200210.1038/417001b) that science should highlight those who turn their scientific training into a more lucrative ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5249-5251 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Thermionic filament sources of Tl+ ions were made using tungsten wire coated with synthetic thallium aluminosilicates in the β-eucryptite (Tl2OAl2O32SiO2) and two other compositions (2Tl2OAl2O32SiO2 and 2Tl2OAl2O34SiO2). Three different methods for the production of aluminosilicate melts were used. The performance characteristics as thermionic emission sources of Tl+ ions based on total emission current and purity of ion emission as functions of time and filament surface temperature were studied and compared. Our results indicated that the sample of composition ratio of 2Tl2OAl2O32SiO2, which was produced by resistance heating under atmospheric pressure in air, is an optimum Tl+ ion source at temperatures between 1150 and 1350 °C after 150 h of continuous heating. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 3729-3732 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Synthetic cesium aluminosilicates in the form of β-eucryptite (Cs2O⋅Al2O3⋅2SiO2) and spodumene (Cs2O⋅Al2O3⋅4SiO2) were used to construct thermionic emitters of Cs+ ions. Total ion emission current and purity of ion emission of Cs+ ions for these two forms of aluminosilicates were studied and compared at four different material surface temperatures over 50 h of continuous heating. In addition, the ion emission characteristics were investigated for three other compositions of cesium aluminosilicates. It was revealed that as a Cs+ ion source, β-eucryptite gives the optimum ion emission at the temperature of 1100 °C. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2879-2882 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Group II metal oxides (MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO) were coated on tungsten or tantalum filaments to form thermionic emitters of positive metal ions. The choice between tungsten and tantalum for optimum performance was empirically found to depend on the oxide material. Total ion emission current and ion purity were generally found to increase with temperature. A stable source of high purity (up to 97%) Ba+ ions could be obtained from the BaO-coated filament at 1800 °C after 150 min of heating. At 1600 °C, the SrO-coated filament could produce a relatively stable ion current and purity of 97% of Sr+ ions. Very pure (99.8%) Ca+ ions were emitted at 1950 °C. However more stable ion current though less pure ions (87% of Ca+ at 1800 °C) were obtained at lower temperatures. MgO-coated filaments using tungsten or tantalum wires were found to be unsuitable as a source of Mg+ ions. All the filaments of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO were found to produce larger ion current and higher ion purity at higher temperatures. In general, the relative isotopic abundances of ions produced by a thermionic source are reproduced by the natural isotopic abundances of the corresponding metal. It implies that the slight differences in the nuclear masses of the isotopes do not introduce any significant effect on their ion production efficiency. Between tantalum and tungsten as a choice for the filament material, tantalum was found to be a better choice for Ba+ and Sr+ ions, while tungsten was better for Ca+. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 259-259 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Nature pays a lot of attention to the plight of postdocs everywhere (see for example Nature 407, 119; 2000, Nature 408, 637; 2000 and Nature 410, 137; ...
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 5 (1980), S. 295-311 
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lead-influenced changes of the composition of seawater and sediment bacteria were studied in two flow cultures run with lead-contaminated artificial seawater (1 mg Pb2+1−1) and one control culture. During the experiment viable counts of physiological groups of bacteria from the control culture were not significantly different from that of the lead-contaminated cultures. Lead tolerance of seawater and sediment bacteria strains was investigated. Comparisons of growth yields showed that lead tolerance of seawater and sediment bacteria was lost again if the bacteria were cultivated in a medium without lead. Lead tolerance could not be demonstrated for the sediment bacteria of one lead-contaminated culture. Heterotrophic uptake measurements with radioactive glucose indicated that seawater bacteria from the lead-contaminated cultures became adapted to lead pollution. The sediment bacteria, however, did not reveal lead tolerance by this method. Fluctuations in lead content of the sediment as well as of the overlying seawater gave indications of adsorption-desorption processes between seawater and sediment. Lead was not homogeneously distributed at the sediment surface.
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