ALBERT

Description: Fusulinid faunas from various locations spread throughout the Cantabrian mountains are described as belonging to about 180 species including 17 new species and 11 new subspecies of 18 genera. The latter are Staffella (with 3 new species), Parastaffella (with 3 new species and 2 new subspecies), Millerella, Ozawainella (with 2 new species), Pseudostaffella, Schubertella, Fusiella, Profusulinella (with 1 new species and 3 new subspecies), Aljutovella (with 1 new species), Hemifusulina, Beedeina (with 1 new species and 1 new subspecies), Verella, Eofusulina (with 1 new species), Fusulina (with 2 new species and 1 new subspecies), Hidaella (with 1 new subspecies), Fusulinella (with 3 new species and 3 new subspecies), Obsoletes and Protriticites. The faunas are closely comparable with those of the Eurasian continent, notably of Russia; not only in the species and genera but also in their chronological sequence. The assemblage zones have been subdivided into subzones and subdivisions: Assemblage Zones Protriticites Fusulinella Profusulinella Millerella Subzones B A B A Ps. antiqua Subdivisions B3 B2 B1 The subdivisions and subzones are considered to be only significant for this region where they have facilitated the correlation of many sections. These correlations have been almost invariably confirmed by Racz from his studies of algal floras, and have enabled a synthesis of the general sedimentary history of the Carboniferous Period here. The correlation of the NW European and Russian stages through the Donetz Basin, presented at Heerlen in 1958 is different from that derived from the Spanish floras and faunas. Despite shortcomings in some stratigraphic data the palaeontological identifications are valid and the difference in correlations must be considered significant. This forces the conclusion that some process possibly that of different rates of evolution, existed during this time.

Description: In the area of Valdeón and adjacent western Liébana (along the provincial boundary between León and Santander, in northern Spain) Namurian and Westfalian flysch deposits are unconformably covered by a sequence of olistostrome and flysch units, alternating with nappes. This sequence, with a thickness of about 5 km, was built up during the Middle Cantabrian. It is covered in turn by the Picos de Europa nappes with intercalated flyschoid sediments of a slightly younger age. In this paper the discrete lithostratigraphic and structural units are described and analyzed. Special attention is given to the fusulinid biostratigraphy. The contact relations between nappes and olistostrome units and their complementary lithostratigraphy are explained as the result of synsedimentary emplacement of the nappes by gravitational sliding along the earth surface. The palaeogeologic setting prior to the deposition of the nappes and olistostromes is deduced from the stratigraphy and lithofacies of the nappes and the allochthonous elements constituting the olistostromes. The regional geologic setting thus obtained and its consequent sedimentological and structural development, are discussed. An attempt is made to fit these developments in the model of a continental strike-slip system.

Description: The present paper deals briefly with the main geological features of the Casavegas area (Northern Palencia, Spain). Though incomplete, the sequence of Carboniferous strata in this region is regarded as a reference-section for correlation purposes within the larger N. Palencia area. A local subdivision on fusulinids of a part of the Carboniferous is proposed. Three zones are distinguished: Protricites Zone F. ex gr. brañoserae Subzone Fusulinella Zone F. delepinei Subzone Profusulinella Zone Fusulinella bocki, var. delepinei is brought to species level as F. delepinei Van Ginkel, sp. nov.

Description: A 400 m thick succession of Carboniferous rocks near Pendueles (E Asturias) at the north coast of Spain has yielded fusulinid foraminifera indicating an Upper Bashkirian age for the basal strata, and at least an Upper Podolskian age for the uppermost fusulinid-containing limestone 135 m below the top of the sequence. The fusulinid species from the Pendueles section have been sampled and described from seven stratigraphic levels at regular intervals from each other. Age determinations for each of these levels showed that strata of Vereyan and Lower Kashirian age (Lower Moscovian) are either missing or represented by a thin (40 m) sequence of chert below the Escalada Limestone. One new subspecies of Profusulinella ovata Rauser-Chernoussova is described. It occurs at the base of the Escalada Limestone and is of Middle? Kashirian age. With respect to the time-span involved, the Pendueles succession is very thin relative to other well-known Carboniferous sequences in Asturias especially when compared to those described from the Central Coal Basin of Asturias and eastward adjoining areas such as around Campo de Caso and Beleño, where time-equivalent sequences attain a thickness in the range of about 1250 m to over 3000 m. The Pendueles section is singular in being the only one in W. Europe where marine Moscovian rocks in a cliff coast are so completely represented, well exposed and easy to get at. In many beach sections of N Spain, Carboniferous successions do not reach beyond the Bashkirian (Llanes; Playa de San Pedro, W of Gijón) ; others which include Moscovian rocks are less accessible (Hontoria).

Description: Fusulinid faunas from various locations spread throughout the Cantabrian mountains are described as belonging to about 180 species including 17 new species and 11 new subspecies of 18 genera. The latter are Staffella (with 3 new species), Parastaffella (with 3 new species and 2 new subspecies), Millerella, Ozawainella (with 2 new species), Pseudostaffella, Schubertella, Fusiella, Profusulinella (with 1 new species and 3 new subspecies), Aljutovella (with 1 new species), Hemifusulina, Beedeina (with 1 new species and 1 new subspecies), Verella, Eofusulina (with 1 new species), Fusulina (with 2 new species and 1 new subspecies), Hidaella (with 1 new subspecies), Fusulinella (with 3 new species and 3 new subspecies), Obsoletes and Protriticites. The faunas are closely comparable with those of the Eurasian continent, notably of Russia; not only in the species and genera but also in their chronological sequence. The assemblage zones have been subdivided into subzones and subdivisions: Assemblage Zones Protriticites Fusulinella Profusulinella Millerella Subzones B A B A Ps. antiqua Subdivisions B3 B2 B1 The subdivisions and subzones are considered to be only significant for this region where they have facilitated the correlation of many sections. These correlations have been almost invariably confirmed by Racz from his studies of algal floras, and have enabled a synthesis of the general sedimentary history of the Carboniferous Period here.\nThe correlation of the NW European and Russian stages through the Donetz Basin, presented at Heerlen in 1958 is different from that derived from the Spanish floras and faunas. Despite shortcomings in some stratigraphic data the palaeontological identifications are valid and the difference in correlations must be considered significant. This forces the conclusion that some process possibly that of different rates of evolution, existed during this time.

Description: The uppermost marine fusulinid-bearing strata in northwestern Spain are found in the area of the upper R\xc3\xado Pisuerga in northern Palencia and in the area of the lower R\xc3\xado Cares in Oviedo (Asturia). The youngest fusulinid faunas in the Pisuerga area belong to the Protriticites Zone; they indicate a Lower Kasimovian age. In the area of the lower R\xc3\xado Cares fusulinids belong to the Triticites Zone; they indicate an Upper Kasimovian age. The Protriticites Zone of Spain is defined as the time-span between the first occurrence of Protriticites and the first occurrence of Triticites. One new species \xe2\x80\x93 Triticites (Montiparus) fischeri \xe2\x80\x93 and one new subspecies \xe2\x80\x93 Triticites (Triticites) ohioensis Thompson subsp. benshi \xe2\x80\x93 both occurring in the Triticites Zone of the Rio Cares area, are described.

Description: A 400 m thick succession of Carboniferous rocks near Pendueles (E Asturias) at the north coast of Spain has yielded fusulinid foraminifera indicating an Upper Bashkirian age for the basal strata, and at least an Upper Podolskian age for the uppermost fusulinid-containing limestone 135 m below the top of the sequence. The fusulinid species from the Pendueles section have been sampled and described from seven stratigraphic levels at regular intervals from each other. Age determinations for each of these levels showed that strata of Vereyan and Lower Kashirian age (Lower Moscovian) are either missing or represented by a thin (40 m) sequence of chert below the Escalada Limestone. One new subspecies of Profusulinella ovata Rauser-Chernoussova is described. It occurs at the base of the Escalada Limestone and is of Middle? Kashirian age. With respect to the time-span involved, the Pendueles succession is very thin relative to other well-known Carboniferous sequences in Asturias especially when compared to those described from the Central Coal Basin of Asturias and eastward adjoining areas such as around Campo de Caso and Bele\xc3\xb1o, where time-equivalent sequences attain a thickness in the range of about 1250 m to over 3000 m. The Pendueles section is singular in being the only one in W. Europe where marine Moscovian rocks in a cliff coast are so completely represented, well exposed and easy to get at. In many beach sections of N Spain, Carboniferous successions do not reach beyond the Bashkirian (Llanes; Playa de San Pedro, W of Gij\xc3\xb3n) ; others which include Moscovian rocks are less accessible (Hontoria).

Description: The present paper deals briefly with the main geological features of the Casavegas area (Northern Palencia, Spain). Though incomplete, the sequence of Carboniferous strata in this region is regarded as a reference-section for correlation purposes within the larger N. Palencia area. A local subdivision on fusulinids of a part of the Carboniferous is proposed. Three zones are distinguished: Protricites Zone F. ex gr. bra\xc3\xb1oserae Subzone Fusulinella Zone F. delepinei Subzone Profusulinella Zone Fusulinella bocki, var. delepinei is brought to species level as F. delepinei Van Ginkel, sp. nov.

Description: In the area of Valde\xc3\xb3n and adjacent western Li\xc3\xa9bana (along the provincial boundary between Le\xc3\xb3n and Santander, in northern Spain) Namurian and Westfalian flysch deposits are unconformably covered by a sequence of olistostrome and flysch units, alternating with nappes. This sequence, with a thickness of about 5 km, was built up during the Middle Cantabrian. It is covered in turn by the Picos de Europa nappes with intercalated flyschoid sediments of a slightly younger age. In this paper the discrete lithostratigraphic and structural units are described and analyzed. Special attention is given to the fusulinid biostratigraphy. The contact relations between nappes and olistostrome units and their complementary lithostratigraphy are explained as the result of synsedimentary emplacement of the nappes by gravitational sliding along the earth surface. The palaeogeologic setting prior to the deposition of the nappes and olistostromes is deduced from the stratigraphy and lithofacies of the nappes and the allochthonous elements constituting the olistostromes. The regional geologic setting thus obtained and its consequent sedimentological and structural development, are discussed. An attempt is made to fit these developments in the model of a continental strike-slip system.

Description: The Myachkovian and Kasimovian chronostratigraphic units in the U.S.S.R. are correlated with similar units as used in western Europe. This correlation is here established through northwestern Spain, where fusulinid faunas and plant fossils enable a comparison with the U.S.S.R. and western Europe. It is shown that the lower- and upper limit of the Myachkovian correlate with some level in the Westfalian D and the middle Cantabrian respectively and that the top of the Kasimovian may probably be equated with some level in the Stephanian B.