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  • Wheat  (25)
  • Bone
  • Springer  (45)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Springer Nature
  • 1980-1984  (45)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1940-1944
  • 1982  (45)
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (45)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Springer Nature
Years
  • 1980-1984  (45)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new semiautomatic method for quantitative static and dynamic bone histology (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 439-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Histomorphometry ; Osteocytes ; Bone dynamics ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new semiautomatic technique combining advantages of the manual and fully automatic methods is described for obtaining quantitative static and dynamic histologic data of bone. The hardware consists of a photomicroscope, digitizing platen, digitizer, plotter/printer, floppy disc drive, and computer. The microscope is equipped with a drawing tube through which the image of the digitizing platen is projected over the optical field. The investigator selects and traces all histologic structures to be measured by moving a cursor on the digitizing platen which is visible by its projection over the histologic field. The results on accuracy and static and dynamic precision of this method show that static and dynamic parameters of bone are obtained with a degree of error (〈20%) well within the acceptable range for biologic measurements. Comparison of this method with the grid technique according to Merz and Schenck showed that for almost all micromorphometric parameters comparable absolute data are obtained. Due to the higher precision of our method, however, the number of optical fields evaluated in obtaining these comparable data could be reduced to 25% of the number of fields evaluated by the Merz and Schenck technique. The time requirements for quantitative evaluation of a histologic slide of bone by our technique are 40–50 min; 20–25 min is needed for quantitative evaluation of osteocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411282
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative bone histology in 84 normal American subjects (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Histomorphometry ; Normal values ; Bone biopsies ; Sampling error
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Quantitative bone histology was done in undecalcified sections of iliac crest bone specimens obtained from 84 normal American individuals. Samples were obtained within 12 h after death in a vertical and horizontal manner from both the right and left iliac crests. In addition to the determination of normal values of micromorphometric parameters of bone in these healthy American subjects, the following studies were carried out: (a) comparison of variance of micromorphometric parameters of bone obtained from the right versus left iliac bone (40 pairs), (b) comparison of micromorphometric parameters of bone obtained in a vertical versus horizontal manner (12 pairs), (c) evaluation of variance with increasing distance from the compact zone in bone samples obtained in a vertical manner (44 pairs), (d) analysis of variation between bone samples obtained more anteriorly versus posteriorly along the iliac crest (N=40), (e) comparison of differences in micromorphometric parameters obtained from age-matched men versus premenopausal women (N=12), and (f) plotting of histograms for assessment of distribution of micromorphometric parameters. The results show that histomorphometric data of bone cannot be easily compared when different techniques are employed for obtaining bone samples. Sampling variations are kept smaller when bone specimens are obtained in a vertical manner. Anterior/posterior variation does not cause major sampling error. If ranges of variation are taken into account, quantitative bone histology is a valuable tool for assessment of bone structure and bone cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411283
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal demineralization in Turner's syndrome (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 519-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Turner's syndrome ; Ovarian dysgenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The bone mineral status of 17 girls with Turner's syndrome was evaluated by single photon absorptiometry. Bone mineral content (BMC) was 25.4% below that predicted by normalization for age, sex, height, weight, and bone width. Only 25% of this demineralization could be attributed to delayed skeletal maturation. Bones of girls who received estrogen replacement therapy were less demineralized than those of the others. The bone mineral deficit became less pronounced with advancing age. It could not be determined if the apparent effect of estrogens was related to age or if the apparent improvement with age was really due to an effect of estrogen treatment. For 8 subjects followed longitudinally there was no significant change in the BMC deficit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411296
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma proteins in human cortical bone: Enrichment ofα 2 HS-glycoprotein,α 1 acid-glycoprotein, and IgE (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Plasma proteins ; IgE ; IgD ; α 1Acid-glycoprotein ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Human cortical bones were extracted with EDTA, and the residue after EDTA extraction was digested with bacterial collagenase. Ten plasma proteins were identified and quantitated in the EDTA extracts. Three of them—IgE, IgD, andα 1acid-glycoprotein—had not previously been described in bone or dentine. Five plasma proteins identified in collagenase digests are albumin, IgG, IgA, IgE, andα 1acid-glycoprotein. IgE,α 1acid-glycoprotein, andα 2HS-glycoprotein were found to be concentrated in the bone more than other plasma proteins by factors between 11 and 525. The identification of plasma proteins was facilitated by the addition of polyethylene glycol in agarose gel. The presence of plasma proteins both in EDTA extracts and in collagenase digests suggests their structural role in bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411242
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on osteopenia induced by prednisolone in adult rats (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Prednisolone ; Calcium ; Bone ; Corticoid osteopenia ; Vitamin D metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Adult male rats were fed a diet containing 0.15% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus, and either 100, 50, or 20 mg of prednisolone per kg of diet. All these levels of prednisolone led to osteopenia, decreased intestinal absorption of calcium, slightly lower serum calcium and phosphorus, and a decreased level of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Exogenous parenteral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 corrected steroid-induced changes in serum calcium and phosphorus, but could not completely correct the low intestinal calcium transport; nor did it prevent the development of osteopenia. The prednisolone-induced osteopenia seems at least in part to be caused by impaired intestinal calcium transport. The impaired calcium transport may be the result of low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and a direct effect of presnisolone on the intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411246
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of vitamin D in maternal skeletal changes during pregnancy and lactation: A histomorphometric study (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Bone ; Pregnancy ; Lactation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of vitamin D on bone changes during the reproductive cycle in female rats has been investigated. One group of female rats was maintained on a vitamin D-deficient diet and another group on a vitamin D-replete diet from weaning. Both groups were mated with normal males and changes in their bones were determined histomorphometrically during pregnancy, lactation, and after weaning. All vitamin D-deficient rats had bone changes typical of rickets. Pregnancy caused significant reductions in mineralized tissue of trabecular and cortical bone in the vitamin D-deficient rats. Lactation caused further significant reductions in mineralized tissues of cortical and trabecular bone in both the vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-replete animals, with the greatest changes seen at weaning. Some restoration of mineralized tissues occurred following weaning. There was an increase in tetracycline-labeled bone surface in the vitamin D-replete animals during lactation, likely due to an increase in bone formation rates. In the vitamin D-deficient animals during lactation, there was a decrease in tetracyclinelabeled bone surface, likely due to severely depressed bone mineralization. These results indicate that the mobilization of calcium from bone to maintain pregnancy and lactation occurs by a mechanism independent of vitamin D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411245
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteogenesis in osteopetrotic mice (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Osteopetrosis ; Osteoclast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Ectopic bone arising in grafts of compatible normal intact bone marrow in microphthalmic osteopetrotic recipients was examined in the light microscope and was found to be unaffected by the deficiency that curtails resorption of primitive woven bone in osteopetrotic animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411206
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of vitamin D metabolites and analogs on bone collagen synthesis in vitro (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Collagen ; Vitamin D metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effects of selected vitamin D3 metabolites and analogs on bone collagen synthesis in vitro were examined in organ cultures of neonatal mouse calvarial bone. The incorporation of [3H]proline into the collagenase-digestible fraction of newly synthesized protein was progressively inhibited by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25-(OH)2D3) (10−12 M to 10−7 M) in 24-h cultures, and incorporation into noncollagen protein was also blunted at the higher doses employed. The synthetic analog 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α-OHD3) was almost 300-fold less potent an inhibitor of collagen synthesis than was 1α,25(OH)2D3, and the natural metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3), 1000-fold less potent, although the dose-response curve for each of these compounds was not parallel with that for 1α,25(OH)2D3. The 24S,25(OH)2D3 enantiomer was four-fold less potent than 24R,25-(OH)2D3 or 25OHD3, and vitamin D3 showed less than 2% the activity of 25OHD3. The responses were unaffected by the substitution of 0.4% bovine albumin for 5% horse serum in the medium, and no stimulation of collagen synthesis was observed in response to 25-hydroxylated metabolites between 2×10−14 and 2×10−6 M or in cultures treated for up to 96 h with 24R,25(OH)2D3 (2×10−10M). The overall results emphasize the similarity of the structural requirements for the inhibition of matrix synthesis and the stimulation of resorption by active vitamin D metabolites in bone. In addition, these studies support the importance of the 1-hydroxyl function to the biologic activity of vitamin D in the skeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411216
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: X-Linked hypophosphatemic rickets ; Osteomalacia ; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to determine whether a defect in vitamin D metabolism might play a role in the pathogenesis of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia (XLH), we compared the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] level in 52 normal subjects and 37 patients with XLH. In untreated patients, adults were found to have values similar to age-matched controls, while youths had values similar to growth-rate-matched controls but significantly lower than the levels of age-matched controls who were growing at a normal rate. In contrast, treated XLH patients of all ages had serum levels significantly lower than both controls and untreated XLH patients. Further, the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D in these treated patients had a significant inverse linear correlation with serum 25-(OH)D concentrations. We propose that subjects with XLH have serum 1,25(OH)2D levels within appropriate age- and growth-rate-matched normal ranges. However, in the presence of hypophosphatemia, we would have anticipated elevated levels of 1,25(OH)2D; viewed in this light the serum 1,25(OH)2D levels are inadequate, suggesting the presence of a relative deficiency of this active vitamin D metabolite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411222
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood:Bone disequilibrium. V. Effects of a diphosphonate (EHDP) on phosphate fluxes in rat calvaria (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Diphosphonate ; Phosphate fluxes ; Solubility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Calvaria taken from rats (normal or thyroparathyroidectomized) given a diphosphonate (EHDP 10 mg/kg daily for 7 days) were placed in special Ussing chambers for the measurement of phosphate fluxes to and from bone. When compared with appropriate controls, the experimental calvaria showed a marked decrease in influx, K, a significant increase in the projected equilibrium concentration, E/K, where E is the efflux and a significnant increase in the calcium concentration in the medium. It is concluded that this large increase in passive “solubility” is caused by the diphosphonate's ability to stabilize the small amount of regulator phase (brushite or brushite-apatite mixture) present in bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411225
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin interactions in bone: Irradiation-induced inhibition of escape in vitro (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Parathyroid hormone ; Calcitonin ; Bone ; Escape ; Irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Calcitonin (CT) inhibits hormonally stimulated bone resorption only transiently in vitro. This phenomenon has been termed “escape,” but the mechanism for the effect is not understood. One possible explanation is that bone cell differentiation and recruitment of specific precursor cells, in response to stimulators of resorption, lead to the appearance of osteoclasts that are unresponsive to CT. To test this hypothesis, cell proliferation in neonatal mouse calvaria in organ culture was inhibited by irradiation from a cobalt-60 source. At a dose of 6000 R, [3H]thymidine incorporation into intact calvaria was inhibited approximately 90%. Irradiation had no effect on the resorptive response to 0.1 U/ml parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, irradiation induced a dose-dependent inhibition of the escape response which was maximal at 6000 R. A dose of 6000 R did not affect the binding of125I-salmon CT to calvaria and decreased PTH stimulation of cyclic AMP release from bone without affecting the cyclic AMP response to CT. Although irradiation caused a dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis, the dose-response curves for that effect and inhibition of escape were not superimposable. A morphologic study of hormonally treated calvaria demonstrated that irradiation prevented the early increase in number of osteoclasts in PTH-treated calvaria that had been observed previously in unirradiated bones. Autoradiography showed that irradiation also prevented the PTH-stimulated recruitment of newly divided mononuclear cell precursors into osteoclasts. This may be correlated with the effect of irradiation to prevent the loss of responsiveness to CT in the presence of PTH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411233
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in plasma bone GLA protein during treatment of bone disease (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcium ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Bone Gla protein (BGP) was measured in the plasma by radioimmunoassay (RIA) during treatment of 59 patients with bone diseases including Paget's disease (N=9), primary hyperparathyroidism (N=25), chronic renal failure (N=20), and cancer involving bone (N=5). Plasma BGP was increased above normal in all patients. BGP decreased in the patients with Paget's disease following the acute and chronic administration of salmon calcitonin. Plasma BGP was higher in women then in men with primary hyperparathyroidism. Following parathyroidectomy, BGP decreased in both sexes but the decrease was significant in women only. Plasma BGP was increased in patients with renal osteodystrophy and did not change after hemodialysis. In the patients with bone cancer, plasma BGP decreased during treatment of the attendant hypercalcemia with salmon calcitonin. Although plasma BGP and serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels were generally correlated in these studies, there were examples of dissociation between the two. The measurement of plasma BGP appears to provide a specific index of bone metabolism that may in some circumstances be more sensitive than serum alkaline phosphatase measurement. However, further studies are necessary to establish the clinical value of plasma BGP measurement by RIA in the management of patients with bone diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411221
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensile properties of antler bone (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Antler ; Bone ; Collagen ; Tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The tensile deformation characteristics of compact bone from deer antler were measured in both the “dry” and “wet” states and compared with published values for bovine compact bone. The tensile strength in the wet state (108±5.1 MN/m2) was comparable to the value for bovine compact bone tested at the same strain rate. The modulus value was very low: 7.5±0.9 GN/m2. The work to fracture was comparatively high, about 3 times that for bovine compact bone. Fractographic examination revealed fibrillar and osteonal shear for samples fractured in the dry state. In the samples tested in the wet state, some regions exhibited pull-out of lamellar segments from within a Haversian system. The results are explained in terms of the higher collagen content and lesser degree of mineralization in the antler.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411255
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of long-term immobilization on the histomorphology of human cortical bone (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Histomorphology ; Immobilization ; Quadriplegia ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The cortical bone histomorphometrics, total visible osteon density, and mean osteonal cross-sectional area were determined for the major long bones and sixth ribs of two individuals with neurological deficit. One was a multiple sclerosis patient who had been in a wheelchair for 15 years. The other was a quadriplegic as a result of poliomyelitis. Statistically significant differences in osteon densities occurred only in the case of the quadriplegic. Nevertheless, in that subject, the total visible osteon densities for bones of the right arm were not statistically different from those of their age-matched (control) radii. Medical history records revealed that there had been partial use of this limb. These results support the belief that mechanical stress is an important factor in the maintenance of normal cortical bone remodeling. In addition, since there were subnormal osteon densities and normal mean osteonal cross-sectional areas, immobilization appears to be characterized by reduced activation frequency with a normal amount of bone turnover per BMU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411264
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of serum complement inhibits collagen synthesis in fetal rat bone in organ culture (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 370-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Complement ; Bone ; Collagen ; Prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Activation of rabbit serum complement caused a marked reduction in collagen synthesis but a much smaller change in noncollagen protein synthesis in fetal rat calvaria maintained in organ culture. In the periosteum of the fetal rat calvarium, both collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis were reduced, whereas in the central bone, presumably enriched in osteoblasts, only collagen synthesis was inhibited. This large decrease in bone collagen synthesis could not be attributed to enhanced degradation of newly synthesized collagen or its release into the culture medium. Activation of complement also stimulated the production of PGE in fetal rat calvaria. Antagonists of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase decreased prostaglandin synthesis but did not restore collagen synthesis in complement-treated bones, suggesting that complement decreases osteoblast collagen synthesis by a mechanism largely independent of prostaglandin production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411270
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of actin-like protein in extracellular matrix vesicles (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 376-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Bone ; Actin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Preliminary indications of the occurrence of actin and myosin in crude matrix vesicle preparations have been reported previously. In the present study extracellular matrix vesicles from rat alveolar bone were isolated. They were further purified by a sucrose density gradient. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified vesicles revealed the presence of a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 43 K daltons and with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of blood platelet actin. The limited proteolysis of both 43 K dalton vesicular polypeptide and actin byStaphylococcus aureus-V8-protease revealed three fragments with identical electrophoretic mobility. In addition, the vesicular preparations inhibited the activity of DNase I, a property typical of actin monomers. Filamentous material extracted from matrix vesicles showed ultrastructural features of F-actin. Reaction of this material with heavy meromyosin resulted in arrowhead formation, which is characteristic of acto-heavy meromyosin. The occurrence of actin in extracellular matrix vesicles may account for their budding from the osteoblastic plasma membrane, their possible motility in the matrix, and maintenance of the spherical shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411271
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal skeletal response to parathyroid hormone in dogs with chronic uremia (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 403-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cyclic AMP ; Parathyroid hormone ; Bone ; Chronic uremia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The release of cyclic AMP from bone in response to stimulation with PTH 1–34 was examined in 20 dogs with long-term chronic renal failure (CRF) produced by unilateral nephrectomy and contralateral partial renal artery ligation. After 9 to 15 months of uremia, the tibiae were removed and perfused in vitro. Seven dogs with CRF served as controls, 7 dogs with CRF were treated with 24,25(OH)2D3 — 2.5 µg per day, and 6 CRF dogs underwent thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) 42 h before they were sacrificed. The release of cyclic AMP from bone in response to PTH 1–34 in the CRF dogs was severely reduced compared to the response observed in 7 dogs with normal renal function (net accumulation of cyclic AMP release 86±8.5 versus 426±59.0 pmol/30 min). Long-term treatment of uremic dogs with 24,25(OH)2D3 had no effect on the release of cyclic AMP by bone. However, the release of cyclic AMP was restored to normal levels in the CRF dogs that underwent thyroparathyroidectomy. All CRF dogs had secondary hyperparathyroidism and the fact that TPTX returned the cyclic AMP response to normal values suggests that desensitization to PTH of the adenylate cyclase system of bone exists in chronic uremia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411275
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of a preferentially transmitted Aegilops sharonensis chromosome in wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Preferential transmission ; In situ hybridization ; C-banding ; Aegilops sharonensis ; Wheat ; Addition ; Substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An attempt to produce a set of addition lines of Aegilops sharonensis to the wheat variety ‘Chinese Spring’ produced only one addition line. This was due to preferential transmission of one chromosome from Ae. sharonensis. This chromosome was studied in detail by established cytological methods of chromosome observation and by the newer techniques of C-banding and in situ hybridization of a cloned DNA sequence. The chromosome was found to be partially homologous to an Ae. sharonensis chromosome of similar behaviour in another wheat addition line. The incomplete homology of the two Ae. sharonensis chromosomes was due to the presence of a translocated segment of a wheat chromosome. — Substitution lines of the Ae. sharonensis chromosome for wheat homoeologous group 4 were produced and the Ae. sharonensis chromosome thereby designated 4 S l .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261506
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential C-banding of wheat or rye chromosomes (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: C-banding ; Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using different stains, wheat chromosomes could be distinguished from rye chromosomes by preferential staining. C-bands of rye chromosomes were preferentially stained with Giemsa while those of wheat chromosomes were preferentially stained with either Leishman or Wright stain. Preferential staining aids the identification of wheat and rye chromosomes and chromosome segments and in particular the recognition of wheat/rye chromosome substitutions and translocations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304000
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (E.C. 1.1.1.1) in callus cultures of wheat, rye and triticale (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale ; Callus cultures ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Isoenzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases ADH-1 and ADH-2, under independent genetic control of genes designated as Adh-1 and Adh-2 located on chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D, have been reported in aestivum wheat (Hart 1980). Only ADH-1 is expressed in developing seeds, dry seeds, pollen and germinating seedlings. ADH-2 can be induced in seedling roots or shoots under conditions of partial anaerobiosis or by certain chemicals. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 isoenzymes was investigated in undifferentiated calli from aestivum and durum wheats, rye, triticale and also in in vitro regenerated roots and leaves from aestivum cultures. Wheat callus cultures originating from seed, mature and immature embryos, mesocotyl and root, as well as cultures grown on media containing different supplements did not show any variation in the overall expression of ADH-1 or ADH-2, although differences in the band intensities were observed. The callus isoenzyme pattern was similar to that observed in roots under anaerobic conditions. Both ADH-1 and ADH-2 were expressed in in vitro regenerated roots but were absent in regenerated leaves. Expression of ADH-1 and ADH-2 in wheat calli seems to be related to the type of differentiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276281
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    Predicting the frequencies of transgressive segregants for yield and yield components in wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Genetical analysis ; Cross prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetical analysis of the F2 triple test cross design combined with conventional early generations was used to elucidate the genetical control of yield and yield components in two crosses of winter wheat. From estimates of the additive, {d}, and additive X additive, {i}, components of means, together with the additive genetical variance, D, predicted frequencies of recombinant inbred lines that would transgress the parental range were calculated for each cross. The accuracy of predictions was evaluated by comparing expected frequencies with observed numbers in populations of F6 lines previously developed by single seed descent. For both crosses and all characters where an adequate genetical model was found to explain the observed variation between the early generations, good agreement between predicted and observed frequencies of transgressive segregants was obtained. Furthermore, for characters exhibiting significant epistasis, allowance for additive X additive {i} epistasis in the prediction equations was sufficient to allow for skewness of the recombinant inbred population. These results demonstrate that cross performance in wheat can be predicted from genetical analysis of early generations, and the value of this approach in breeding new varieties is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293344
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    The Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3 in wheat, I. Reduced pre-harvest damage to breadmaking quality (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Quality ; Dwarfism ; Gibberellin ; α-amylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of the Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3, on the quality and quantity of grain α-amylase produced during germination and by induction with exogenous gibberellic acid are described. In a season conducive to high sprouting damage the gene reduced α-amylase levels in the field by 77%. Selection among random Rht3 genotypes showed that other genetic factors can be combined with the dwarfing gene to further increase sprouting damage resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293343
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    Genetic control of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) isozymes in cultivated wheat and rye (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; Genetic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) zymogram phenotypes of wheat, rye and their aneuploid derivatives were determined. Two genes involved in the production of 6-PGD isozymes were located on chromosome arms CRL (4 RL) and FRL (6 RL) of “Imperial” rye. On the basis of differential interactions between wheat and rye chromosomes, evidence was obtained that genes located on chromosomes 6 A, 6 BL and 7 BL control 6-PGD isozyme activities in ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat. The wheat and rye 6-PGD zymogram phenotypes were indicative of homoeologous relationships between rye chromosome 6 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 6, and rye chromosome 4 RL to wheat chromosomes of group 7.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275094
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    The purification and characterization of homologous high molecular weight storage proteins from grain of wheat, rye and barley (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 329-336 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: HMW storage prolamins ; Wheat ; Rye ; Barley ; Characterization and purification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Homologous high molecular weight storage prolamins were purified from grain of wheat, rye and barley using combinations of gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the components were single bands with apparent mol.wts. of above 100,000. Molecular weights determined by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation were considerably lower; 54,700, 67,600 and 69,600 for the components from barley, rye and wheat respectively. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of 13.6 to 16.5 mol% glycine, 29.6 to 34.0 mol% glutamate + glutamine, 11.4 to 13.7 mol% proline and a total of 4.0 to 5.7 mol% basic amino acids. Automated N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the component from wheat showed the presence of cysteine residues at positions 5 and 10, and this is discussed in relation to the possible role of these proteins in the visco-elastic gluten network.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275097
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    C-banded wheat chromosomes in wheat and triticale (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 39-47 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: C-banding ; Wheat ; Triticale ; Heterochromatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The C-banding patterns of wheat chromosomes in 7 hexaploid triticale and 7 wheat genotypes are described and compared. All 14 wheat chromosome pairs were individually identified in the triticales and a tetraploid wheat, and all the B and two A genome chromosome pairs in the hexaploid wheat genotypes. Little variation was found between genotypes in the distribution of C-bands but considerable variation was found in their size, total number and total length.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303488
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    Relationships of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes determined by chromosome pairing and alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in common wheat background (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 213-217 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Agropyron ; Chromosome pairing ; Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relationships of Agropyron intermedium chromosomes in two wheat-Agropyron addition series were determined. Chromosome pairing behaviour revealed that the alien chromosome in lines TAF-2 and L7 of ‘Vilmorin’-A. intermedium set are homologous to the alien chromosomes in lines P and C of the ‘Caribo’-A. intermedium set respectively. Localization of alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme genes in ‘Vilmorin’-Agropyron addition line L4 and in ‘Caribo’-Agropyron line O indicated relationships with wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 4.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303996
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    The wheat ribosomal DNA spacer region: Its structure and variation in populations and among species (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 337-348 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; rDNA ; Sequence ; Populations ; Variation ; Spacer region ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The wheat rDNA clone pTA250 was examined in detail to provide a restriction enzyme map and the nucleotide sequence of two of the eleven, 130 bp repeating units found within the spacer region. The 130 bp units showed some sequence heterogeneity. The sequence difference between the two 130 bp units analysed (130.6 and 130.8) was at 7 positions and could be detected as a 4 °C shift in Tm when heterologous and homologous hybrids were compared. This corresponded to a 1.2% change in nucleotide sequence per ΔTm of 1 °C. The sensitivity of the Tm analysis using cloned sequences facilitated the analysis of small sequence variations in the spacer region of different Triticum aestivum cultivars and natural populations of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (referred to as T. dicoccoides). In addition spacer length variation was assayed by restriction enzyme digestion and hybridization with spacer sequence probes. Extensive polymorphism was observed for the spacer region in various cultivars of T. aestivum, although within each cultivar the rDNA clusters were homogeneous and could be assigned to particular chromosomes. Within natural populations of T. dicoccoides polymorphism was also observed but, once again, within any one individual the rDNA clusters appeared to be homogeneous. The polymorphism, at the sequence level (assayed by Tm analysis), was not so great as to prevent the use of spacer sequence variation as a probe for evolutionary relationships. The length variation as assayed by restriction enzyme digestion did not appear to be as useful in this regard, since its range of variation was extensive even within populations of a species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303905
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    Chromosome and nucleotide sequence differentiation in genomes of polyploid Triticum species (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 349-360 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chromosomes ; Nucleotides ; Evolution ; Polyploids ; Triticum ; Heterochromatin ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nature of genome change during polyploid evolution was studied by analysing selected species within the tribe Triticeae. The levels of genome changes examined included structural alterations (translocations, inversions), heterochromatinization, and nucleotide sequence change in the rDNA regions. These analyses provided data for evaluating models of genome evolution in polyploids in the genus Triticum, postulated on the basis of chromosome pairing at metaphase I in interspecies hybrids. The significance of structural chromosome alterations with respect to reduced MI chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids was assayed by determining the incidence of heterozygosity for translocations and paracentric inversions in the A and B genomes of T. timopheevii ssp. araraticum (referred to as T. araraticum) represented by two lines, 1760 and 2541, and T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. Line 1760 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4A, 6A, 7A, 3B, 4B, 7B and possibly 2B. Line 2541 differed from Chinese Spring by translocations in chromosomes 3A, 6A, 6B and possibly 2B. Line 1760 also differed from Chinese Spring by paracentric inversions in arms 1AL and 4AL whereas line 2541 differed by inversions in 1BL and 4AL (not all chromosomes arms were assayed). The incidence of structural changes in the A and B genomes did not coincide with the more extensive differentiation of the B genomes relative to the A genomes as reflected by chromosome pairing studies. To assay changing degrees of heterochromatinization among species of the genus Triticum, all the diploid and polyploid species were C-banded. No general agreement was observed between the amount of heterochromatin and the ability of the respective chromosomes to pair with chromosomes of the ancestral species. Marked changes in the amount of heterochromatin were found to have occurred during the evolution of some of the polyploids. The analysis of the rDNA region provided evidence for rapid “fixation” of new repeated sequences at two levels, namely, among the 130 bp repeated sequences of the spacer and at the level of the repeated arrays of the 9 kb rDNA units. These occurred both within a given rDNA region and between rDNA regions on nonhomologous chromosomes. The levels of change in the rDNA regions provided good precedent for expecting extensive nucleotide sequence changes associated with differentiation of Triticum genomes and these processes are argued to be the principal cause of genome differentiation as revealed by chromosome pairing studies.
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    Plant regeneration from cultured immature embryos and inflorescences ofTriticum aestivum L. (wheat): Evidence for somatic embryogenesis (1982)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 110 (1982), S. 95-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cereals ; Immature embryo ; Inflorescence ; Plant regeneration ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Triticwn aestivum L. ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tissue cultures ofTriticum aestivum L. (wheat) initiated from young inflorescences and immature embryos possessed the potential for regeneration of whole plants. Both a friable and a compact type of callus were produced on Murashige and Skoog's medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The friable callus contained meristematic centers in which the peripheral cells ceased dividing, elongated, and could be easily separated. Roots were frequently formed in this type of callus. The compact, yellowish, and nodular callus arose from the epithelial and sub-epithelial cells of the embryo scutellum, and the rachis and glumes of the young inflorescence. Such callus had a smooth surface and characteristic chlorophyllous areas. Plants were regenerated only from the compact callus. The first sign of differentiation in the compact callus was the formation of a cleft or notch on the smooth surface, followed by the appearance of trichomes and the direct development of leafy structures which were not associated initially with any shoot meristems. Multiple shoots subsequently arose at the bases of the leafy structures, which are considered modifications of the scutellum, a definitive part of the cereal embryo. Accordingly, we suggest that while typical bipolar embryos are generally not formed, plant regeneration nevertheless takes place through embryogenesis and the precocious germination of the embryoids. Plants regenerated from immature embryo and inflorescence cultures were grown to maturity in soil, and were shown to have the normal chromosome number of 2n=6x=42.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281535
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    The human tibia: Static testing in bending by anin vivo method (1982)
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    Annals of biomedical engineering 10 (1982), S. 281-294 
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    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Tibia ; Strength ; Bone ; Elastic modulus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a method for static testing of the human tibia in bending in the living subject, and fabricated a prototype device for carrying it out. Model testing indicates that the device and model system are inherently accurate and reliable. However, the biological system is more complex, and while more than 200 tests have been conducted with perfect safety, the variability of replicate tests suggests that the method does not yet have general clinical utility. In some subjects, that variance is relatively small, possibly because they are more relaxed and perhaps also for anatomical reasons. In two subjects, postmortem tests corresponded very well with antemortem tests on the tibiometer. We conclude that with further refinements the method may have clinical potential, if only in carefully selected subjects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367309
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    Natural senescence of the root cortex of spring wheat in relation to susceptibility to common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) and growth of a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acridine orange ; Cochliobolus sativus ; Common root rot ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nuclear staining ; Roots ; Senescence ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Natural senescence of the root cortex was assessed by nuclear staining, for cultivars and chromosome substitution lines of spring wheat known to differ in (1) susceptibility to common root rot, (2) total rhizosphere populations and (3) ability to support growth of a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Together, three root rot susceptible wheat lines showed significantly more cortical senescence than did three resistant lines; the susceptible lines also support larger rhizosphere populations. The wheat line that supports growth of a nitrogen-fixing bacterium showed significantly less cortical death than did any other line. Substitution of chromosome pairs 5B or 5D between the parent cultivars Rescue and Cadet substantially altered the amount of root cortex death, which is thus genetically determined. It is suggested thatCochliobolus sativus and other weak parasites benefit from early natural senescence of the root cortex, and that the degree of susceptibility or resistance of wheat lines to common root rot is at least partly determined by differences in cortical senescence.
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    Use of triple-labelled nutrient solution to study the effects of root-infecting fungi on uptake of potassium, calcium and phosphorus by wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 405-410 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Gaeumannomyces graminis ; Hydroponics ; Ion uptake ; Radionuclides ; Root pathogens ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Triple-labelled nutrient solution was used to compare the effects of seven root-infecting fungi on uptake of K, Ca and P by wheat. Plants grown in sand or hydroponic culture were transferred to solutions that contained42K,45Ca and32P for 24 h, then dried, ashed and digested in 6M HCl. To distinguish radiation emitted by42K,45Ca and32P plant digests were counted on two channels of a liquid scintillation counter immediately and 7 days later, after the decay of42K radiation. Plants infected byGaeumannomyces graminis took up and translocated less K, Ca and P to their shoots than uninfected plants. Other root-infecting fungi had little effect on uptake of these ions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183807
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    Effects of waterlogging on young wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) and on soil solutes at different soil temperatures (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 311-326 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeration ; Calcium ; Carbon dioxide ; Ethylene ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Nitrous oxide ; Oxygen ; Potassium ; Roots ; Triticum aestivum ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We report a study of the mechanism by which the response of plants to waterlogging can be modified by soil temperature. Wheat was grown initially in well-aerated soil in a controlled environment room before the soil was flooded with aerated, deionized water. The soil temperature was maintained constant in the range 6–18°C while the air temperature was at 14°C. Waterlogging damage was greater in plants at the higher soil temperatures when the plants were compared at the same chronological age. However, when compared at the same growth stage, the response to soil temperature was little differenti.e. plants subjected to waterlogging for a long time at low soil temperatures exhibited a similar reduction in growth and other properties as those subjected briefly at higher temperatures. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the soil solution declined rapidly at all temperatures, being almost zero after 36 h waterlogging. Temperature affected rates of change of the concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, ethylene, nitrous oxide, nitrite, nitrate, calcium and potassium. The importance of soil-and plant-determined properties in the waterlogging response of plants at different temperatures are discussed.
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    Effects of shading and powdery mildew infection on senescence of the root cortex and coleoptile of wheat and barley seedlings, and implications for root- and foot-rot fungi (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 401-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Gaeumannomyces graminis ; Nuclear staining ; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides ; Root rot ; Senescence ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining methods were used to study natural senescence of the root cortex and coleoptile of wheat and barley seedlings grown in glasshouse conditions. Coleoptiles of barley senesced more slowly than those of wheat, paralleling the known difference in rates of root cortex senescence in these cereals. The coleoptiles and root cortices of both cereals senesced more slowly in shaded than in unshaded conditions, but infection of the shoots of barley byErysiphe graminis had little effect on root cortex senescence. The results are discussed in relation to infection by root- and foot-rot fungi. Previous reports on the effects of illumination on take-all infection (Gaeumannomyces graminis) are explained. It is suggested that natural senescence of the coleoptile might affect establishment of infection by the eyespot fungus,Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, either directly or through the activities of competing microorganisms.
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    Effect of different Mg/Ca ratios and electrolyte concentrations in irrigation water on the nutrient content of wheat crop (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 63-71 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Mg/Ca ratio ; Water quality ; Nutrient content ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A study conducted in pots to evaluate the effect of different Mg/Ca ratios (2, 4, 8 and 16) and electrolyte concentrations (20 and 80 meq/l) at SAR 10 in irrigation water on the nutrient uptake and yield of wheat crop in two soils revealed that the average grain and dry matter yields of wheat decreased significantly with an increase in Mg/Ca ratio in irrigation water, but the magnitude of decrease was greater at higher electrolyte concentration than at lower electrolyte concentration. The concentration of Na in both straw and grain of wheat increased and that of K decreased with an increase in Mg/Ca ratio and electrolyte concentration of irrigation water, which led to higher Na/Ca and Na/K ratios in the plant. Further, the concentration of Ca and Mg both in straw as well as in grain increased with increasing electrolyte concentration of the irrigation water. An increasing proportion of Mg in saline irrigation water resulted in decreased concentration of Ca and increased concentration of Mg in both straw and grain of wheat crop. It was also noticed that the increasing proportion of Mg over Ca in the poor quality irrigation water increased the P content of both straw and grain of wheat crop.
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    Copper nutrition of wheat in relation to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 433-436 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper-nutrition ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a pot culture study, copper addition to soil increased the crop yield only in presence of nitrogen. The latter increased the utilization of both native as well as applied copper but more that of applied. It also minimised the adverse effect of applied phosphorus on copper utilization. Phosphorus at the rate 45 ppm had the tendency of decreasing copper uptake by wheat if applied without nitrogen or with its low level.
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    Utility of phyllosphere N2-fixing micro-organisms in the improvement of crop growth (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 69-74 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azotobacter ; chroococeum ; Derxia ; gumnosa ; Klebsiella ; Nitrogen ; fixation ; Phyllosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five highly active N2-fixing strains of Klebsiella isolated from the phyllosphere of tropical plants, KUPBR1, KUPBR2, KUPM, KUP4 and KUP6 along withAzotobacter vinelandii OP,A. chroococcum G40 andDerxia gumnosa were sprayed on the foliage of a high yielding wheat cultivar, Kalyansona. The strains of Klebsiella enhanced dry wt., chrorophyll and nitrogen content, and 1000 grain weight. Grain yield in inoculated plants varied between 19.9 and 25.09 quintals ha−1 against 24.34 quintals with urea. Best results were obtained with KUP4 which when applied at half dose was as effective as 52.5 kg Urea-N ha−1. Azotobacter and Derxia only slightly improved growth and nitrogen content of grain or straw.
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    Effect of long-term fertilization and cropping on the potassium supplying capacity of soils (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 375-382 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Activity ratio ; Free energy ; Pearl millet ; Potassium supplying capacity ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil samples from a long term field experiment, to study the K depletion pattern, were analysed for K. The values of supply parameters pK−1/2p (Ca+Mg) and free energy δG r 0 were calculated using the data on water soluble and exchangeable cations. Correlation coefficient values between pK−1/2p (Ca+Mg) vs. total K removed, K removal by pearl millet in 1980 and soil available potassium were positive and statistically significant. This indicated that these soils have reached the stage where they would start responding to potassium application. Also, negative but significant correlation of δG r 0 with pK−1/2p (Ca+Mg) and available K, were found. δG r 0 values were positive indicating the affinity of such soils for K and the values, for K fertilized plots were lower in comparison to plots where no K was applied. pK−1/2p (Ca+Mg) parameter was found to be a better measure of K availability over δG r 0 due to either fixation of K or greater contribution of nonexchangeable K fraction towards plant utilized K.
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    Response of barley and wheat to phosphorus in the presence of chloride and sulphate salinity (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 233-241 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Chloride ; Phosphorus ; Salinity ; Sulphate ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The study was conducted in a greenhouse and under field conditions. In the greenoouse, barley was grown to maturity in pots on a sandy soil which contained 80 and 120 meq/l of chloride and sulphate dominant salts in its saturation extract, to which 0, 10, 25 and 50 ppm P were added. In the field study, wheat was grown on loamy sand soils having 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg/ha added P levels and irrigated with either Cl- or SO4-dominant saline waters (EC=15−19 mmhos/cm). The results of the greenhouse study indicated that at maturity barley straw and grain yield was significantly increased by 50 ppm of added P both on the non-saline control and the Cl-treatments. However, 25 ppm P was optimal on the SO4-treatments. The Cl content of plants was significantly decreased and S was increased with the increase in the P content of soil. A synergistic relation between the S and P content of barley shoots was observed. In the field study wheat grain yield responded significantly to P applications upto 50 kg/ha level on the Cl-site and there was no response to applied P on the SO4-site, although the former contained more Olsen's P than the latter. The results suggested that P requirement of wheat and barley was greater on Cl- than on SO4-salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183982
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  • 40
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    Effect of nitrogen management and soil moisture conservation practices on rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 433-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Kaolin spray ; Mulch ; N-application ; Split application ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies revealed that the application of fertilizer nitrogen brought a significant increase in grain and straw yield of wheat. The significant effect was also noticed on such yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers per metre row length, spike length, and number of grains per spike. The increase of nitrogen level from 40 kg/ha to 80 kg/ha also brought a significant increase in yield and yield contributing characters. The application of entire dose of nitrogen at the time of sowing was as good as its split application. The application of nitrogen also influenced the nitrogen concentration of grains whereas, the other treatments did not influence the nitrogen concentration in grains or straw. The nitrogen treatments did not influence the moisture content of soil. The application of mulch or mulch+Kaolin resulted in significantly higher content of soil moisture in 0–15 cm soil depth as compared to control or Kaolin spray alone which was simultaneously reflected in yield and yield contributing characters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183812
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  • 41
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    Effect of soil salinity and water stresses on growth and content of nitrogen, chloride and phosphate of wheat and triticale (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcareous soil ; Chloride ; Dry matter ; Nitrogen ; Phosphate ; Soil salinity ; Triticale ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Water stress ; Wheat ; X Triticosecale Wittmack
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three wheats and one triticale were grown, up to flowering stage, in pots on calcareous soil adjusted to a range of salinities (S1=3.5, S2=6, S3=8.5, and S4=11 mmhos/cm, 20°C, soilpaste extract) by adding solution consisting of 3∶2∶1 of Na-, Ca- and Mg chlorides in chemical equivalent amounts. Moisture in the pots was kept at 100% (W1), 40% (W2) and 20% (W3) of the available water. The vegetative growth, nitrogen and phosphate were affected by S and W treatments, chloride was affected only by S. The interaction S×W affected only dry weight. Varietal effect was observed between wheat as a group and triticale. Multiple quadratic regression equations of these properties on salinity and water revealed that the higher the available water the wider the range of tolerable salinity. Triticale was relatively more tolerant to water stress. Salinity increases Cl and decreases N, whereas water stress enhances N accumulation to a certain extent. However, in triticale at S3 and S4 the effect of water stress on N was overshadowed by the excessive salinity. This did not occur for the wheat (Florence). P trends were described. R2 for P was low (0.7435–0.3603) which made interpretations rather difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373706
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  • 42
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    Silica content ofTriticum aestivum L. in relation to humic acid concentrations in the soil (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Humic acids ; Silica ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The weathering of soil minerals by humic acids is linked with increased silica content of wheat plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374735
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  • 43
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    Response to selection for grain yield and harvest index in F2, F3 and F4 derived lines of two wheat crosses (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat breeding ; selection ; grain yield ; harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Aspects of selection for yield and harvest index were investigated by simulating selection using data from random pedigreed F2, F3, F4 and F5 derived lines from two crosses grown in plots at two sites over two years. Improvement in yield through selection was obtained when the response was measured at the same site and in the same year as the selection. Selecting the best 10 per cent of F2 to F4 derived lines gave F5 derived lines that outyielded random selections by 19 to 53 per cent for one cross and 5 to 23 per cent for the second cross. These lines were 41 to 50 per cent better than the mid-parent in one cross, but were less than the mid-parent in the other cross. However, the response to selection when measured in a different year was little better than random selection. The effect of different sites also reduced the effectiveness of selection. Selection of harvest index in early generations for improvement of yield was ineffective when response was measured at the same site in the same year, or in different years. Contrary to some theoretical proposals, the same improvement in yield was obtained by selecting in early or late generations. While high yielding genotypes may be lost by delaying selection, this is counteracted by the better predictive value of late generations due to their greater homozygosity and homogeneity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028316
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  • 44
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    Effect of ultraviolet light on the dielectric behavior of bone at microwave frequencies (1982)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 10 (1982), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Dielectric constant ; Bone ; Collagen ; Apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The dielectric constant of bone and its two components (collagen and apatite) were determined at 9.2 GHz in a room temperature environment by the cavity perturbation technique. After samples were exposed to ultraviolet light, repeat measurements under identical conditions showed decreases in both the real and the imaginary parts of the dielectric constant in all cases. The present work describes the technique and a possible mechanism of ultraviolet interaction with bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367462
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  • 45
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    Magnetic and electric fields produced during pulsed-magnetic-field therapy for non-union of the tibia (1982)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 20 (1982), S. 501-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone ; Electric fields ; Magnetic fields ; Pulsed-magnetic-field therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pulsed-magnetic-field therapy for non-union of the tibia is becoming, in some centres, an established orthopaedic technique. The field is generated by passing pulses of current through coils positioned around the leg, but the mechanism of interaction is not understood. This paper gives a qualitative description of the fields produced and then develops a theoretical model to calculate the fields for simple geometries. Good agreement is found between calculation and measurement, validating the model and showing that the form of the fields produced in a limb can now be described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442413
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