ALBERT

Description: The objective of this morpho-tectonic study is to understand the processes associated with crustal accretion along two adjacent ridge segments of the Pacific-Antarctic ridge (full rate: $\approx$56 mm/yr). The studied corridor is centered on the Pitman Fracture Zone and extends to 12 Ma on both flanks. The segment north of the fracture zone is characterized by a shallower ridge crest, larger off-axis seamount volume and abundance, thicker crust (inferred from mantle Bouguer gravity) and smaller abyssal hill spacing, all indications of a hotter axial thermal regime and/or larger magma supply. The spreading history of this portion of the ridge is marked by a $\sim$40% acceleration in spreading rate and a $\sim$5$\sp\circ$ clockwise rotation in spreading direction near Chron 3A ($\sim$6 Ma). This sharp rotation is superimposed on a gradual rotation of $\sim$1$\sp\circ$/Ma which implies that the transform has been in extension for the past 12 Ma. The remarkable agreement between the azimuths of the digitized ridge-parallel abyssal hill lineations and trends predicted by the finite rotation poles suggests that the zone of accretion is, on average, orthofonal to the spreading direction. A statistical characterization study of abyssal hill size indicates that abyssal hills formed during the slower spreading periods are taller and wider than the hills created during the faster spreading periods. Bathymetric slopes dipping toward the ridge crest are interpreted as fault-controlled due to their more linear and steeper character relative to the ones dipping away from the ridge crest. Spreading rates for conjugate plates show wide flow line variations in both magnitude and sense for adjacent ridge segments, an indication that crustal accretion rates are controlled by processes happening near the ridge crest. The remarkable symmetry between sequences of inward facing fault scarps of the same age on opposite plates requires that abyssal hills are formed as conjugate pairs. Based on abyssal hill lineaments and magnetic anomaly widths, I determined that most of the spreading rate asymmetries can be explained by ridge axis jumps

Description: The sedimentation regime off Northwest Africa is shaped by: (1) structur~al factors. which result in generallv low relief on land. shelf widths between 40 and more than 120 km. and av-erage sfope inclinations between 10 30' and 30; (2) land climates. which contral the delivery of terrigenous particles to the margin: (3) water movements including boundary currents and upwelling; and (4) the post- Pleistocene sea level rise. This chapter combines published and new results arising from research into the sedimentation processes off Northwest Africa. and emphasizes particularly the activities of the Kiel marine geological group during the past few years. Reviews of cruise activities and results were given in Closs et al. (1969) (Meteor cruise 8. 1967. off Morocco) . Seibold (1972) (Meteor cmise 25 . 1971. off Sahara to Central Senegal). Seibold and Hinz (1976) (Meteor cmise 39,1975 . and Valdivia cruise 10. 1975, from Morocco to South Senegal), and Waiden et al. (1974) (Meteor cmise 30, 1973, off Sierra Leone). Some of these cmises were used for pre- or post-site surveys for the Deep-Sea Drilling Project, or to add undisturbed Quaternary cores to the Glomar Challenger cores (leg 41, ] 975; Lancelot, et al .• 1978); leg 47 A, Arthur er al .• 1979; Lutze et al., 1979). We have concentrated our geological investigations on a number of standard profiles from the shelf to the upper continental rise as given in Figure 1. The manuscript was finished May 1979.

Description: The Biesenthal Basin formed by thawing of dead ice, is located at the northern rim of the Bamim Plateau north of Berlin; in it sedimentary processes varied considerably during the Late Weichsel Glacial Period. Their variations are reflected in sedimentary fabrics, grain size distributions and repeated overprinting of surface textures on quartz grains. The glacifluviolimnic, Iimnic and aeolian sediments were deposited on the shore of a periglacial water within the area shaped by the last glacial advance; presently it is located at the border between lowlands and plateau. The sedimentary sequence is characterized by variations and deformations at the scale of micrometers, hence the present study focussed on microfabric analysis.

Description: Nineteen species of Stereocaulon are treated from the northern Andes, mainly from Colombia. Descriptions and keys are given, with notes on the north-Andean distribution and ecology. Seven species are new for the Colombian flora, viz. St. atlanticum, St. claviceps, St. corticatulum (chem. strain with atranorin and perlatolic acid), St. delisei, St. microcarpum, St. pachycephalum and St. pomiferum. St. crambidiocephalum is reported for the first time from Costa Rica, as is St. didymicum from Venezuela, and St. delisei is reported for the first time from the New World (Colombia and Costa Rica). St. cornutum Müll. Arg. is reduced to synonymy under St. pityrizans Nyl.

Description: Gradstein et al. (1982) propose to conserve four generic names of Lejeuneaceae: Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., Trachylejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. and Taxilejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., each of which was introduced as a subgeneric name in Lejeunea by Spruce (1884), and subsequently raised to generic rank by Schiffner in his treatment of the Hepaticae in Engler-Prantl (preprint 1893) [see proposals to conserve 675-678 see p. 746]. Although Spruce (l.c.) used for his Lejeunea species a binary nomenclature by combining subgeneric names with specific epithets, it is clear (e.g. text, index) that the binomina are meant as Lejeunea combinations and they are considered as such by most authors (see Gradstein et al. for further details). Before 1893, however, the Sprucean subgeneric names were used in various papers by F. Stephani in a “seeming” generic rank; indeed Stephani now and then referred to them as “genus.” A chronological survey of a number of relevant papers by Stephani, mainly those published in Hedwigia, was given by Bonner et al. (1961), in conjunction with a brief discussion of the subject of this paper. These authors were the first to realize that on the basis of Art. 42 ICBN some generic names in Lejeuneaceae, e.g. Taxilejeunea and Trachylejeunea, can be considered as validly published by Stephani in Hedwigia 28, 1889. Later on Grolle (1979) demonstrated valid publication of monotypic new Lejeuneaceae genera by Stephani in the Bot. Gaz. 15, 1890, e.g. Lopho-Lejeunea and Acro-Lejeunea. For an evaluation of the status of Lopho- Lejeunea Steph., Acro-Lejeunea Steph., Trachylejeunea Steph. and Taxilejeunea Steph., one might consider these names against the background of the entire context of Stephani’s work on Lejeuneaceae until 1893. As the survey of Stephani’s papers in Bonner et al. is rather incomplete, and as there are several points of divergence in opinion, a new analysis of Stephani’s relevant papers (before Sep 1893) is presented below.

Description: During 1981 the Botanical Survey of India had again collections made. We list them in the same manner as on pages 3559-3560. In Andaman & Nicobar Is.: Great Nicobar, 300 specimens. In Andhra Pradesh: Anantagiri, Endrika Hills, Ganganaju-medugula, Paderu, 1590. In Arunachal Pradesh: Ganganagar, Hapoli, Naharlagan, Namdapha Biosphere Reserve of Tirap Distr., Tamer Road, Tiruli of Subansiri Distr., Ziro, 1054. In West Bengal: areas of Jalpaiguri, Bankura and Midnapur Districts, places of Bangaon, Tantulia and Basirhat of 24-Parganas Districts, Jaldapara Reserve, Totopara, &c., 2240. In Gujrat: Lalpur and vicinity, 1090. In Karnataka: vicinity of S. Karnataka River-Mulla Periyar and catchment areas, 500. In Kerala: Alleppey, Anathode, Cannanore, Devicolam, Kakki, Kasargod, Kokharjam, Munnar Peermade, Muzhiyar, Pachakanam, Pamba Dam areas, Peruvanzuzhi, Ponnambala Medu, Sabarigiri, 4150. In Madhya Pradesh; areas of Panna Distr., 800. In Maharashtra: Bhimsankar, Janar, Purandar, 985. In Meghalaya: Cherrapunjee, Nongapoh, Sunnapahar of Khasi Hills, Jowai, Jorain of Saintea Hills, Tura of Garo Hills Distr., 3500. In Nagaland: areas of Mekokchung, Tuensang, Wokha, Zunbebato Districts, 500. In Rajasthan: Jaisalmer and areas of Barmer Distr., 1000. In Sikkim: Burtuk Busty, Chakung, Changu, Chuten, Enchy Monastery, below Honuman Top, Jorethang, Lower Bustak, Ranipal, Reumtek, Sang Ratepani, Sinchey, Singtham East, Soren, Suntale forests, Tadong, 4800. In Tamil-Nadu: Kannayakumari, Sethur Hills, Srivilliputhur R.F., 2090. In Uttar Pradesh: Agra-Khal, Ballaieri, Chamoli Chakrata, Dudhwa Nat. Park, Govana, Khan-Khaliadha, Mussoorie, Pam Vali-Kantha, Panwali, Parbagi, Rajkhark, Saharshradhara, 2500.

Description: A botanical expedition organized and sponsored by the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak Project was conducted between 4—14 April, 1994, at Bukit Tawai, Telupid, central Sabah. Bukit Tawai is 1258 m high and located in the Bukit Tawai Forest Reserve, c. 5° 30’ 30” N, 117° 3’ 30” E. The Reserve covers 22,697 ha and has been gazetted as a Protection Forest Reserve. The site is one of a number of ultramafic peaks scattered across the northern and eastern parts of Sabah, making an ‘ultramafic zone’ which represents a belt of slightly acidic, serpentinized substrates with a high magnesium / calcium ratio and often substantial concentrations of nickel. From the air, the forest on ultramafic substrates is characteristically dense with small-crowned trees, and the flora is known to be peculiar when compared with the more familiar and extensive forests on sandstone in Borneo.

Description: Getting there — Various methods to access canopies are described in Selbyana 16 (1995). Ashton et al. explain a tackle and boom method used for the phenology of Shorea flowering in Malesia. Note the rather funny sketch. Dorrington sketches lighter-than-air powered balloons with which canopies can be explored. Donahue & Wood describe and depict a climbing technique practiced by rock climbers and cave explorers, including equipment lists. Lowman & Bouricus discuss the construction, equipment, and costs of platforms and bridges for durable access. In the latter’s literature list the following reference seems of interest to incipient arborists: Moffett, M. & M.D. Lowman. 1995. Methods of access into forest canopies in M.D. Lowman & N. Nadkami (Eds.), Forest canopies: 1—24. See also Laman, “Safety recommendations for climbing rain forest trees with ‘single rope technique’”, Biotropica 27 (1995) 406—409 (see Bibliography). You would do well to read it! Another instructive paper I have cited previously (FMB 11/6, 1995, 443) is: Dial, R. & S.C. Tobin. 1994. Description of arborist methods for forest canopy access and movement. Selbyana 15: 24—37, ill. Thailand — An expedition by AAU (K. Larsen, S.S. Larsen, R. Morran, C. Tange) and BKF (D. Shookchalerm, C. Niyomdham) was undertaken from 1 August to 15 October, 1995. One month was spent in the southernmost rain forest reserves near the Malaysian border.

Description: A 1-year M.Sc. course in Conservation Biology has commenced in December 1994 at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The course consisted of course works (Conservation Biology, Field methods, statistics, computers in ecology, population ecology, conservation ethics and legislation, economics of natural resources, principles of in situ and ex situ conservation, biological diversity, etc.) and 4 months of research culminating in a short dissertation.

Description: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae — b) Fungi & Lichens — c) Bryophytes — d) Pteridophytes — e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk. The SEM-observation of plant material normally requires dehydrated, dry specimens coated with carbon or metal. Unfortunately, the standard drying methods (including the critical-point-drying-technique) often cause shrinking and deformation of the specimen surface; therefore, SEMstudies on plant ontogeny are rather difficult, material- and time-consuming. Experiments using deep-frozen specimens have been carried out in England and in the USA, but have proved not satisfying.

Description: With roughly 2300 known species in 133 genera (see Appendix), New Guinea is the richest area in the palaeotropics as far as orchids are concerned. Up to the present the only useful key with which orchids from New Guinea can be identified to genus level is that published by J.J. Smith in 1934. This key is now obsolete in several respects because of changes in nomenclature and in taxonomic views. Besides, Smith’s key is not always very practical; frequent use is made of characters which are difficult to evaluate in preserved material or which easily may be misunderstood. Yet, many orchid genera can be recognized at a glance, a fact which is not at all obvious from most keys that I have seen.

Description: Messrs. B. Busu, M. Data, A. Kanir, A. Kasim, D. Sabri, K. Saleh, and K. Mat-Salleh (UKMB) collected about 80 numbers along the trail to Bukit Kabut, Temenggor Forest Reserve, Ulu Perak, Perak, between 21-28 August, 1994. Later, between 7-9 November, 1994, B. Busu, M. Data, J. Dransfield, and L.G. Saw collected about 100 gather ings, mainly palms. In 1994 Mr. A. Zainudin Ibrahim and co-workers (UKMB) collected 39 numbers at Bukit Kodiang (Kedah), 32 at Cameron Highlands (Pahang), 49 at Kuala Lompat Wildlife Reserve (Pahang), 60 at Pulau Langkawi (Kedah), and 136 at Taman Negara (National Park).

Description: Dr. Ruurd (“Ru”) Dirk Hoogland, born 24 July 1924 in Leeuwarden (The Netherlands), died still rather unexpectedly on 18 November 1994 in a hospital in the neighbourhood of Paris, just 8 days after an operation. The later years of his life were overshadowed by a serious illness. Ru did not accept this, even not those last weeks when he could hardly chew. Everyday he went to the Laboratoire de Phanérogamie and worked, and in March and April 1994 he even made a collection trip to Tahiti followed by a herbarium trip to Australia. Ru studied at the universities of Groningen and Leiden. He got his Ph.D. in Leiden in 1950 on the thesis “A Revision of the Genus Dillenia”. His promotor was Prof. Dr. H.J. Lam. He started his career as a botanist in the service of the Flora Malesiana Foundation (1949—1952). Being a field man rather than a herbarium taxonomist he went to Australia where he finally became a Principal Research Scientist to CSIRO, Division of Land Research and Regional Survey at Canberra and head of the Herbarium, in 1968 Senior Research Fellow in the Research School of Biological Sciences, also at Canberra. In 1976 he stepped over to the Australian National University. He retired late 1979, but as a matter of fact he went on with his work. In 1981 he moved to Leiden with the intention to work for the Flora Malesiana. Due to a difference of opinion with the Dutch tax office, in 1984 he moved to La Varenne St. Hilaire, not far from Paris, where at the Laboratoire de Phanérogamie he got the opportunity to continue his work.

Description: Just published. A great event has been the publication of the treatment of Sapindaceae in Flora Malesiana 11(3). The revision work of this family, well-known for its fruit trees Rambutan and Lychee, was started years ago by Dr. P.H. Leenhouts, later joined by Dr. P.C. van Welzen, Dr. F.A.C.B. Adema, and Mr. H. Turner. Dealing with 42 genera and 325 species, it is a major contribution towards the progress of the FM project. Forthcoming. The next FM volume (12) is already in preparation. Volume 12(1) will deal with the Meliaceae (D.J. Mabberley, C.M. Pannell, A.M. Sing, T.P. Clark & J.M. Edmonds) and is presently at the printers. Volume 12(2), comprising the treatments of Caesalpiniaceae (Ding Hou, K. & S.S. Larsen, J.P. Rojo), Geitonoplesiaceae (J.E. Laferriere) and Lowiaceae (K. Larsen), is in the final editorial phase. Manuscripts on Boraginaceae (H. Riedl), Hernandiaceae (B.E.E. Duyfjes), and Loranthaceae (B.A. Barlow) are being edited now and publication of these families will follow in part 3.

Description: Apocynaceae wanted — pickled. Mary E. Fallen, Systematische Botanik, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland, who has done considerable morphological work on development of the reproductive organs in Apocynaceae, has been frustrated in her many efforts to obtain suitable material of Lepinia and Lepiniopsis. Ample information on both can be found in Pacific Plant Areas 3, Blumea Suppl. 5 (1966) 112-113, with map and description. The very oddly shaped fruit of Lepinia (W. Pacific) has been depicted in Blumea 11 (1962) 302, Van Steenis’s paper on the Land Bridge Theory. The one of Lepiniopsis (E. Malesia) seems to be buoyant. Also material of Anechites (Central America) is needed; it may be closely related to Condylocarpon. Any stages of flowers can be used, from tiny green buds at initiation up through anthesis, as well as fruiting stages. They should be pickled in FAA. Expenses of handling and postage will gladly be refunded. Vials with the liquid can be provided. Thanks on her behalf!

Description: Suprageneric epithets have been entered under the family name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subfamily, tribe, etc.)- Infrageneric epithets have been entered immediately under the generic name to which they belong, preceded by the indication of their rank (subgenus, sections, etc.). Infraspecific epithets have been entered under the specific name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subspecies, variety, forma, etc.). Synonyms have been printed in italics. Page numbers in bold type denote main treatment; an asterisk behind a page number denotes the presence of a figure of the concerned taxon.

Description: One of the small liliaceous families, recently described as separate, formerly included in Luzuriagaceae, Philesiaceae, Smilacaceae, or earlier in Liliaceae. The family has only two monotypic genera, Eustrephus and Geitonoplesium, both occurring also in Malesia. The family and species are described and annotated; there is a key to the genera. A paragraph on palynology is contributed by R.W. J.M. van der Ham. Illustration is by two full-page line drawings.

Description: Van de in Nederland voorkomende wilde cichorei (C. intybus) en verwilderde andijvie (C. endivia) wordt altijd aangenomen dat deze goed te onderscheiden zijn aan de hand van de kenmerken zoals beschreven in de Heukels’ Flora. Nader onderzoek heeft echter uitgewezen dat de kenmerken niet zo eenduidig zijn als altijd werd aangenomen waardoor het moeilijk blijkt om beiden soorten uitelkaar te houden. In september ’94 ben ik op het Rijksherbarium in Leiden begonnen aan een 4-jarig onderzoek naar de verwantschap tussen de cultuursoorten andijvie (C. endivia), witlof en cichorei (C. intybus) en hun wilde verwanten. Een van de doelen is om na te gaan of en in hoeverre de cultuurplanten invloed hebben op de wilde flora. Uiteraard is het voor dit onderzoek noodzakelijk om een goed onderscheid te kunnen maken tussen C. endivia en C. intybus. Graag vraag ik de medewerking van u, floristen, om materiaal te verzamelen. Van dijken langs de Rijn en de Waal heb ik al genoeg, maar materiaal van andere gebieden is zeer welkom, speciaal ook van verwilderingen van C. endivia. De meeste Nederlandse planten die ik tot nu toe gezien heb, dragen lange klierharen op de omwindselbladen. Planten waarbij die klierharen afwezig zijn zouden mij erg interesseren. Ook buitenlandse planten zijn zeer welkom. Het is niet speciaal nodig om hele planten te verzamelen. Een stuk van de bloeiwijze en een stuk van de stengel voet met de wortel top is voldoende. Als u kans ziet een aantal hoofdjes op alcohol (minstens 50%) te verzamelen stel ik dat zeer op prijs; uw kosten zullen uiteraard worden vergoed.

Description: To complement the ‘Checklist of the Araceae of Malesia, Australia and the Tropical Western Pacific region’, a bibliography has been prepared as a basis for further work on the aroids of these areas. It is based on, but much extended from, an unpublished bibliography of Malesian Araceae assembled by the late Prof. Dr. C.G.G.J. van Steenis. It includes the ‘core’ taxonomic literature, i.e. that in which new nomenclature is introduced, and, in addition, numerous items appear which enumerate species, report expedition results, describe aspects of aroid biology, deal with nomenclatural matters etc. Flora accounts and extensive revisions of genera occurring in the region have been included for neighbouring areas. Those papers in which Araceae appear as but a part written by the author(s) of the whole have been cited with full pagination. The extensive archaeological/ethnological, agricultural, phytopathological and biotechnological literature relating to Taro – Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott – has been largely omitted as it is felt that this is relevant to more specialized interest-groups than the checklist and this bibliography are aimed at serving. 1,264 items are listed.

Description: The new species Alyxia thailandica and Alyxia kerrii are described.

Description: On a field trip into the interior of Sabah, Borneo, in 1986, a small Bulbophyllum species (Orchidaceae) without flowers was collected, and transferred to the greenhouse of Mr. P. Jongejan, Amersfoort, the Netherlands. Only after several years the plant rewarded the good care given to it with a few sprigs of flowers. It then appeared to be an undescribed species of great elegance, belonging to the section Hirtula Ridley. It displays an unusual combination of characters: it has a distinctly elongated lip, as is found in B. jolandae J.J. Vermeulen, and B. lasioglossum Rolfe, which both have an elongated inflorescence. The new species, however, has a subumbellate inflorescence, as occurs in B. carinilabium J.J. Vermeulen, and B. hirtulum Ridley, which both have a shorter lip.

Description: The genera Butea, Meizotropis and Spatholobus (Leguminosae—Papilionoideae), occurring in continental Southeast Asia and the West Malesian Archipelago, are treated phylogenetically with Kunstleria as an outgroup. The genera Spatholobus (29 species), Butea and Meizotropis (each 2 species) are usually placed in the tribe Phaseoleae of the Papilionoideae, whereas Kunstleria belongs to the less advanced tribe Millettieae. Spatholobus is probably basal in the Phaseoleae. An analysis with PAUP of the datamatrix containing 80 macromorphological, 10 leaf anatomical and 7 pollen morphological characters resulted in three most parsimonious trees (MPTs) with a length of 589 steps. As for the method, it turned out that the option ‘addition sequence random’ gave more MPTs than an ‘addition sequence simple’. The standard option ‘addition sequence simple’ with taxon one as reference taxon resulted in trees a few steps longer than the MPTs. One of the three phylogenetic trees has been chosen to be used for the biogeographic analysis. Other genera used for this analysis are Fordia (Leguminosae—Papilionoideae), Genianthus (Asclepiadaceae), and Xanthophytum (Rubiaceae). Within Southeast Asia 29 areas of distribution were recognised. Although they are solely based on the distribution pattern of the species, some areas coincide with geological entities, e.g., E Malaya and SE Sumatra. The biogeographical analysis performed by PAUP (BPA) and CAFCA (CCA) resulted for PAUP in 19 MPTs under assumption 0 with a length of 366 steps and 324 MPTs under assumption 1 with a length of 316 steps; for CAFCA the analysis resulted in 1 MPT (450 steps) under assumption 0 and 1 MPT (417 steps) under assumption 1. In all results more or less the same larger groups of areas were present: the areas recognised on Borneo, those on the Malay Peninsula together with SE Sumatra and W Java, and the areas on the continent of Southeast Asia. Some areas with only one species were found basal to the other nodes, and were considered not informative. After comparing the 19 MPTs, the 50% Majority-rule consensus tree was used to discuss the possible link with the geology. The geology of the region is very complex as there are four major tectonic plates in collision with each other: the Eurasian Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Philippines Sea Plate. A summary of the geology of Southeast Asia is given. It is probable that the general area-cladogram reflects the split (during high sea level) between continental Southeast Asia and Peninsular Malaysia and the Malay Archipelago. Furthermore it is remarkable that the areas in Borneo are splitting off in the order of age, where the youngest areas are at the top and the oldest at the base of the tree. The history of the genus Spatholobus is hypothesised by backtracking the phylogenetic relationships on the general area-cladogram. Probably the history of Spatholobus was influenced by the differences in sea level. During low sea levels the Sundaland Plateau was dry and it was possible to migrate into the Malesian Archipelago, but high sea levels resulted in isolation and speciation. It is impossible to say more about timing than that it could have started at the earliest in the Early Eocene. In the last case the ancestor of the genus was present in an area without the northern parts of Borneo, and with the south arm of Sulawesi still connected to Borneo.

Description: This project of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh aims to provide regional manuals and on-line identification computer programs to the timber species of Dipterocarpaceae. The Singapore manual is a first trial, later editions should include other islands in the Malay Archipelago. The possibility is also offered to have tailor-made manuals for specific regions against cost price. Many data have been gathered, especially vegetative characters one can readily observe while standing underneath these enormous trees. In this respect the database will be very useful, because due to the very irregular flowering of the Dipterocarpaceae, flowers and fruits are usually unavailable, and even if they are present, they are found high in the tree.

Description: Some major nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in Aporosa Blume are treated, i.e., the spelling of the genus name, some new combinations, and descriptions of four new species of from West Malesia, six from New Guinea, and two new varieties from West Malesia. Notes on a number of often misunderstood species are also included.

Description: The knowledge of the macrofungi (mushrooms and toadstools) in Europe, including the Netherlands, is still far from complete. During our studies on this group of organisms in the Netherlands and adjacent Belgium and Germany while preparing a critical identification work, the Flora agaricina neerlandica, a fairly large number of new species has been discovered, and a lot more has become known on the variability, distribution and ecology of the about 2,000 other species that will eventually be included in this Flora. In the period 1987-1996 four volumes have been completed of this standard work (Bas et al., 1988, 1990,1995,1996), three are in preparation, and we hope that early in the twenty-first century, the set of 10 volumes will be finished. The present paper deals with a very striking little Entoloma species recently discovered in Diever, province of Drenthe, the Netherlands.

Description: Twelve species are recognized of which five (P. womersleyi, P. brassii, P. hooglandii, P. schoddei. and P. clemensae) are described as new. Nine species are reduced to synonymy (P. warburgii, P. puberula, P. myriantha, P. paniculata, P. parvifolia, P. acuminata, P. habbamensis, P. pulchra and P. dallmannensis). All twelve species occur in New Guinea, only one (P. arfakiana) extending westwards into Sulawesi. P. incana, P. gracilis and P. hypargyrea may also occur in Queensland in addition to the three species already described from Australia.

Description: In the present article a revision is given of the Southeast Asian genus Stelechocarpus, in which two species are recognized and described.

Description: Three new taxa in the genus Tournefortia L., T. luzonica I.M.Johnston subsp. angustissima, T. minutiflora, and T. oppositifolia are described from the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Moluccas, respectively. Also T. luzonica var. sublucens I.M. Johnston is raised to subspecific rank.

Description: Two gynoecial primordia are initiated as discrete units but soon get interconnected by the occurrence of interprimordial growth between them. A rim of meristematic tissue thus produced gives rise to the ovary wall by zonal growth. The residual floral apex grows parallel to the gynoecial primordia in the form of a septum. The two placental ridges arise from the inner lateral walls of the ovary, grow into the ovarian cavity, and ultimately fuse with the axial septum. The anterio- posterior region of the ovary wall also grows into the ovarian cavity to form a false septum which divides each locule into two. The Labiatae show a placentation which is neither true axile nor true parietal but an intermediate condition between the two, as the septum grows like in a typical axile placentation and the placentae like in typical parietal placentation. The gynobase in Labiatae is considered to be carpellary in nature.

Description: Two new genera and nineteen new species of Dicotyledons from Papua New Guinea collected and described by A. Gilli (1980) have been examined by specialists. These families are Begoniaceae, Cruciferae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Hypericaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Saxifragaceae, and Sterculiaceae. Both new genera are reduced: Melachone to Amaracarpus (Rub.), Disaster to Commersonia (Sterc.). Supposed new generic records to Malesia proved erroneous: a new Thelygonum belongs to Nertera (Rub.), and a Trochiscus to Nasturtium (Cruc.); the Viburnum from Papua is a Psychotria (Rub.). All species are reduced to those already known. It is advocated as undesirable to describe novelties from odd tropical plant collections.

Description: A revision of the 17 species of Urochloa Beauv. (Gramineae) in Malesia is given. Because Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb. has been nearly completely reduced to Urochloa, 3 new combinations are proposed. A new combination is also required for Urochloa paspaloides Presl. Brachiaria eruciformis (J.E. Sm.) Griseb. has been introduced in a few places in Malesia.

Description: In the rattam family (Palmae: Lepidocaryoideae) three new species are described here: of Calamus two, C. fimbriatus and C. nigricans, and of Daemonorops one, D. pumilus.

Description: In this paper an account is given of all names in the genus Myristica Gronov. for New Guinea, including 71 new species, subspecies or varieties and 4 new names either by new combination or new rank. Sinclair (1968) accepted 40 species names with 7 varieties, Foreman (1974, 1978) admitted 45 names (38 species and 8 varieties). In the present census I have 95 species and 31 taxa of infraspecific rank, reflecting a more refined species definition as well as the intensified field collecting of the last decades. A key is given, based on male and female flowering and fruiting specimens.

Description: The genus Badusa is transferred from the Cinchoneae to the Condamineae subtribe Portlandiinae: it is closely related to Morierina. A new species B. palawanensis is described from Palawan, and a new subspecies from Biak, B. corymbifera ssp. biakensis.

Description: Two new varietal combinations are proposed under Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don (Asclepiadaceae). The reason for the delay in the publication of Sperlingia Vahl is outlined.

Description: Sericolea is a genus endemic to New Guinea. The relevant literature is surveyed. Descriptions are given of all species and keys provided to the 15 species and all infraspecific taxa accepted. Two species are described as new: S. coodei and S. microphylla. A new subspecies of S. brassii A. C. Sm. is recognized: ssp. carrii. S. arfakensis Gibbs, S. gracilis (Laut.) Schltr., and S. novoguineensis Gibbs reduced by Coode in a recent paper are reinstated and S. glabra Schltr.. also reduced by Coode, is recognized as a variety of S. micans Schltr. Three new varieties are distinguished in S. gaultheria (F. v. M.) Schltr. and one in S. novoguineensis Gibbs.

Description: The first volume of this series was published in 1991, and reviewed in Blumea 38, p. 216. The treatments of volumes 2 and 3 are each based on a doctor’s thesis by the first author, elaborated under supervision of Dr. Panigrahi. Volume 2 contains regional revisions of six genera: Prunus, Prinsepia, Maddenia, Rosa, Malus, and Pyrus. Prunus is taken in the inclusive sense and has 38 species in India, including a number of non-indigenous but cultivated and sometimes naturalized species. Prinsepia and Maddenia have one species each in the region covered. Rosa is a well represented genus in India and 37 species are recognized, including several non-native garden roses. Of the Maloideae only Malus (4 species) and Pyrus (4 species) are treated.

Description: The genus Anodendron A. DC. is revised. Formosia Pichon is included in synonymy. Seventeen species are recognised including two new species and two new combinations.

Description: In a revision of the Malesian representatives of the genus Selliguea (Polypodiaceae) several recently collected specimens form Borneo were found to represent a very distinct, but hitherto undescribed species. From the few collections seen so far, it appears that the new species is not a very narrow endemic, and the fact that it has only been collected after 1970 probably is an indication of the increasingly intensive exploration of Borneo in recent times. In so far as the specimens had been identified, the names S. feei Bory and S. heterocarpa (Blume) Blume had been applied. In general habit, the species is closest to S. heterocarpa, but can be distinguished by the following characters: Selliguea heterocarpa — Rhizome 2-4 mm thick; rhizome scales peltate, 5-8.5 by 1-1.4 mm, straw-coloured to dull brown, with a thick, almost spongy pseudocosta, remotely and weakly dentate at base, entire towards the apex. Hydathodes frequent, margin without notches. Sori forming transversal coenosori, slightly to (usually) deeply sunken. Selliguea sri-ratu — Rhizome 4-8 mm thick; rhizome scales pseudopeltate, 7-13 by 1.2-2.5 mm, brown, without pseudocosta, strongly dentate. Hydathodes absent or infrequent, margin regularly notched. Sori round, elongated or sometimes confluent into a transversal coenosorus, superficial.

Description: The Philippine species of Medinilla (Melastomataceae) are revised and a total of eighty species are recognized for the Philippine archipelago, one of the centres of diversity of Medinilla. The species exhibit a wide array of forms and highly localized geographic distributions. A systematic study of herbarium specimens revealed the existence of twelve species groups. A key to the species groups and species within each group, descriptions, illustrations, and habitat information are provided. The segregate genera Carionia, Cephalomedinilla, and Hypenanthe are treated here as congeneric with Medinilla. One new species, M. palawanensis, is described. Three new combinations and several reductions, neotypifications, and lectotypifications are proposed.

Description: Zonariophila semiendophytica is described as a new genus and species from the coast of the East Cape, South Africa. It is characterized by a single large elongate basal cell immersed in the thallus of Zonaria subarticulata (Lamour.) Papenf.; this laterally compressed cell gives rise, on both edges, to several short (up to 2.5 mm), uncorticated, erect, sparingly branched filaments. The position and structure of the procarp (the subapical cell in a determinate female fertile filament bears two sterile pericentral cells and one fertile pericentral cell, the latter with one sterile cell and a four-celled carpogonial filament), and the development of a single involucral filament from the hypogenous cell, put this genus in the immediate vicinity of Pleonosporium, and placement in the tribe Compsothamnieae is proposed.

Description: Goodyera subregularis (Rchb. f.) Schltr. from New Caledonia and Vanuatu is transferred to Anoectochilus. A non-peloric Anoectochilus, possibly the normal form of A. papuanus (Schltr.) Kittr., is recorded from New Guinea for the first time. Platylepis bombus J.J. Sm. and P. tidorensis J.J. Sm. are transferred to Moerenhoutia. The genus Tubilabium J.J. Sm. is reduced to Myrmechis Blume and the two species of the former are transferred. Cheirostylis quadrilobata Schltr. and C. chalmersii (Schltr.) Schltr. are also transferred to Myrmechis. The genus Myrmechis was not previously recorded from Sulawesi and New Guinea. Papuaea reticulata Schltr. is newly recorded from Irian Jaya; this monotypic genus is here illustrated for the first time. Odontochilus calcaratus Hook. f. is reduced to Pristiglottis uniflora (Blume) Cretz. & J.J. Sm.

Description: The present study deals with the taxonomy of a family of the brown algal order Sphacelariales in Europe. The taxonomy of this order is much influenced by the works of Sauvageau as published between 1900 and 1914. A short survey of the work on Spacelariales by him and his phycological predecessors is given in the introduction. The order Sphacelariales is described and its nomenclatural history is given. Other paragraphs deal with distribution, morphology and the used descriptive terminology, ecology, variability and culture studies, reproduction and life-history, systematic position and classification. In the notes on morphology the history of the descriptive terminology is incorporated, as well as discussions on the correct use of this terminology. Most technical terms are also included in the glossary, located near the end of this book. In the sections on ‘Form range and cultures’ and on ‘Reproduction and life-history’ the methods used for unialgal cultures and methods for chromosome counts are discussed. Also a review of life-histories in Sphacelariales is incorporated, as well as a discussion on the criteria used for the distinction of taxa and the delimination of the order. A key to the families concludes the treatment of the order. The family Sphacelariaceae, which is the largest and most cosmopolitan family of the order, is treated in a similar way. The two genera in this family, the monotypic genus Sphacella and the complex genus Sphacelaria, which contains four subgenera, seven sections and 16 species in Europe, are also treated in comparable paragraphs. Keys to the taxa and to ecological growth-forms (ecads) are given. In the paragraph on relationship of genera, subgenera, sections and species, several approaches for the construction of a classification are mentioned. The phyletic-cladistic approach, based upon methods developed by Hennig (1950), is discussed in detail. One conclusion is that the genus Choristocarpus cannot be considered to belong to a monophyletic group together with the Sphacelariaceae. Further it can be concluded that the Sphacelariaceae all belong to one group with a monophyletic origin. The monotypic genera Battersia, Disphacella and Chaetopteris have to be included into the genus Sphacelaria. Sphacella, however, is maintained as a monotypic genus. For nomenclatural reasons Sphacelaria reticulata (formerly Disphacella reticulata) must be chosen as type-species of the genus Sphacelaria. The descriptions of family, genera and sections are usually short, but the descriptions of the species are comprehensive and contain a formal description and a list of dimensions. The paragraphs on distribution start with summaries of coastal regions where the species occur. Each summary is followed by an extract of the list of collections and relevant references. Distribution maps are added. Full lists of collections and references for all species are published separately. Important taxonomic conclusions occur in Sphacelaria reticulata (was Disphacella reticulata (Lyngb.) Sauv.), in S. radicans (ecad libera found in the Baltic), in S. nana (= S. britannica Sauv.) which include S. saxatilis and which is different from S. rigidula (= S. furcigera Kütz.), in S. plumigera (unattached growthform = ecad pinnata, found in the Baltic), in S. mirabilis (was Battersia mirabilis Reinke ex Batt.), in S. fusca (different from S. rigidula), in S. cirrosa (includes S. bipinnata (Kütz.) Sauv. and S. hystrix Suhr ex Reinke which are incorporated amongst the five different ecads of the species) and in S. sympodiocarpa (which cannot be incorporated into one of the described subgenera). Most details of morphology are depicted.

Description: A fossil fragment of the right maxilla and premaxilla of a large terrestrial carnivore, collected in 1983 somewhere West of the Brown Ridge in the southern part of the North Sea, is described and identified, through a process of elimination, as Hyaena brevirostris Aymard, 1846, of Early to Middle Pleistocene age.

Description: Trogloianiropsis lloberai n. gen., n. sp. is described from the flooded coastal karst of the Balearic Islands. It superficially resembles Ianiropsis Sars, 1897 and Janaira Moreira & Pires, 1977, but differs from both in some remarkable characters. It seems to be restricted to the deeper layers of anchihaline cave lakes, and shows a troglobitized morphology (i.e.: absence of eyes and body pigmentation, and extraordinary elongation of antennae). Since its phyletic affinities are not clear, its biogeographic significance and possible derivation from deep-sea or shallow-water ancestors cannot be established.