ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (704)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (419)
  • 1980-1984  (1,123)
  • 1981  (1,123)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (1,123)
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiral Butadienes, 91) Preparative Enrichment of Enantiomeric 2,3,4,5-Tetrabromo-2,4-hexadienes by Liquid Chromatography (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2365-2368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chirale Butadiene, 91) Präparative Anreicherung enantiomerer 2,3,4,5-Tetrabrom-2,4-hexadiene durch Flüssigkeits-ChromatographieDie Enantiomeren des Diols 1 wurden durch Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie an Triacetylcellulose teilweise getrennt (Enantiomere Reinheiten P = 29% und 24%), während die Diether (+)- und (-)-2 mit P = 80% (Tab. 1) erhalten wurden. Ihre Schwellen der Teilrotation um die zentrale Einfachbindung wurden durch thermische Racemisierung gemessen und mit denen entsprechender Tetrachlordiene 3 und 4 verglichen (Tab. 3).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140634
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über trimethylsilylsubstituierte 1,3-Dithietan-1,1,3,3-tetroxide (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3378-3384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Trimethylsilyl-substituted 1,3-Dithietane 1,1,3,3-TetroxidesSubstitution reactions of 1,3-dithietane 1,1,3,3-tetroxide (1) (sulfene dimer) have been regarded as difficult. We now succeeded in the silylation of 1 by the reaction with trimethylsilyl nonafluorobutanesulfonate (2) in the presence of triethylamine yielding 2,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-(3) and 2,2,4-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dithietane1,1,3,3-tetroxide (4) as well as - via a metallation - the four times silylated product, which has the structure 1-(tirmethylsiloxy)-2,4,4-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dithiet-1-ene 1,3,3,-trioxide (5b) and which can be considered as the first enol ether of a sulfone.
    Notes: Substitutionsreaktionen an 1,3-Dithietan-1,1,3,3-tetroxid (1) (Disulfen) galten bisher als schwierig. Es gelang nun die Silylierung von 1 mit Nonafluorbutansulfonsäure-trimethylsilylester (2) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin zu 2,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-(3) und 2,2,4-Tris(trimethylsilyl)1,3-dithietan-1,1,3,3-tetroxid (4) bzw. nach Metallierung zum vierfach silylierten Produkt, das als 1-(Trimethylsiloxy)-2,4,4-tris(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dithiet-1-en-1,3,3-trioxid 5b) vorliegt und als erster Enolether eines Sulfons angesehen wurden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141018
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Tetra(cyclopropyl phosphonium-Kation und das Tri 9Cyclopropyl) phosphonium-cyclopropylid (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3385-3394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Tetra(cyclopropyl)phosphonium cation and the Tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium CyclopropylideTertiary phosphane can not be quaternized by cyclopropyl halides. The preparation of the three possible mixed cyclopropyl/methyl phosphonium salts [CH3)n(c-C3H5)4 - nP]+X- with n = a - 3 and of the corresponding ylides (CH3)n(c-C3H5)3 - nP = CH2 with n = 0 - 2 (1 - 3) is therefore only accomplished via the cyclopropylphosphanes or through formation o the cyclopropyl ring at the phosphonium center. Quaternization of tri(cyclopropyl)phosphane with 1,3-dibromopropane followed by treatment wih base thus also allows the synthesis of the tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium cyclopropylide (5). With acids, 5 is converted into tetra(cyclopropyl)phosphonium salts. All three ylides 1 - 3 exist as methylides, and isomerization to cyclopropylides is not observed. 2 and 3 yield ethylphosphonium salts on reaction with methyl iodide. 5 is the only cyclopropylide bearing solely aliphatic substituents. Ist unusal NMR parameters indicate an equilibrium in which the CH protons are involved in a rapid scrambling process among the tautomers. The ylides 1 - 3 and 5 are colourless liquids, thermally stable up to 200°C, and of high chemical reactivity. Reduced reactivity is encountered in the tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium benzylide (4).
    Notes: Tertiäre Phosphane sind mit Cyclopropylhalogeniden nicht quartärisierbar. Die Darstellung der drei Möglichen (Cyclopropyl/Methyl)Phosphoniumsalze [(CH3)n(c-C3H5)4-nP]+X- mit n = 1 - 3 und der korrespondierenden Ylide (CH3)n(c-C3H5)3-nP = PH2 mit n = 0 - 2 (1 - 3) gelingt daher nur über die Cyclopropylphosphane oder über den Aufbau des Cyclopropylrests am Phosphoniumzentrum. Quartärisierung mit 1,3-Dibrompropan und nachfolgende Cyclisierung mit Basen ermöglicht so auch erstmals die Darstellung von Tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium-cyclopropylid (5) aus Tri(cyclopropyl)phospan. Mit Säuren entstehen aus 5 Tetra(cyclopropyl)phosphoniumsalze. Die Ylide 1 - 3 liegen alle als Methylide vor und eine Isomerisierung zum cyclopropylid wird nicht beobachtet. Mit Methyliodid entstehen aus 2 und 3 die Ethylphosphoniumsalze. - 5 ist das einzige rein aliphatisch substituierte Cyclopropylid. Seine ungewöhnlichen NMR-Parameter zeigen ein Tautomerengleichgewicht an, bei dem die CH-Protonen einem raschen Austausch unterworfen sind. Die vier Ylide 1 - 3 und 5 sind farblose, bis 200°C thermisch stabile Flüssigkeiten hoher Reaktivität. Nur im Tri(cyclopropyl)phosphonium-benzylid(4) ist die Reaktionsfähigkeit deutlich gemindert.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141019
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast Thermal Breaking and Formation of a B-N Bond in 2-(Aminomethyl)benzeneboronates1) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3403-3411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Rasche thermische Öffnung und Schließung einer B-N-Bindung in 2-(Aminomethyl)benzolboronaten1)1H-, 11B- und 15N-NMR-Verschiebungen weisen darauf hin, daß die Titelverbindungen 1 - 6 (Tab. 1) eine intramolekulare B - N-Bindung ausbilden, die laut 1H- und 13C-NMR mit hoher Frequenz geöffnet (δ G c≠ = 40 bis 54 kJ/mol, Tab. 2) und wieder geschlossen wird.
    Notes: The Title compounds 1 to 6 (Table 1) are shown by 1H, 11B, and 15N NMR shifts to fom an intramolecular B - N bond which, according to 1N and 13C NMR, is frequently broken (δ G c≠ = 40 to 54 kJ/mol, Table 2) and re-formed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141021
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von 2-Amino-3, 7-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-on - 7-Desazaguanosin - der Stammverbindung des Nucleosids Q (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3395-3402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 2-Amino-3, 7-dihydro-7(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-one - 7-Deazaguanosine - the Parent Compound of the Nucleoside Q2-Amino-3, 7-dihydro-7-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (1a), the parent compound o e rare nucleoside Q, has been synthesized using the pyrrolo [2,3d]pyrimidine derivative 3a11) which was available by phase transfer glycosylation. N-3 alkylation of 3a with chloromethyl isopropyl ether yields 3b, which reacted in a molten mixture of sodium hydride/acetamide to give 3c. Boron trichloride in methylene chloride removes the isopropoxymethyl as well as the benzyl groups at - 78°C simultaneously with formation of 4c. After ammonolysis of 4c 7-deazaguanosine &1par;la) was obtained. IN contrast to guanosine, la shows an anomalous weak Cotton effect implying an unusual flexibility of the nucleobase around the N-glycosylic bond.
    Notes: 2-Amino-3 7,dihydro-7(β-D-ribofuranosyl)4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-on (1a), die Stammverbindung des seltenen Nucleosids Q, wurde aus dem durch Phasentransferglycosylierung erhaltenen Pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidin-Derivat 3a11) dargestellt. N-3-Alkylierung von 3a durch Chlormethyl-isopropyl-ether führt zu 3b und Austausch der 2-Methylthiogruppe in einer NaH/Acetamid-Schmelze zum geschützten 7-Desazaguanosin 3c. Bortrichlorid im Methylenchlorid entfernt bei - 78°C sowohl den Isopropoxymethylrest als auch die Benzylschutzgruppen unter Bildung von 4c. Nach dessen Ammonolyse erhält man 7-Desazaguanosin (1a), das im Gegensatz zu Guanosin einen anomal schwachen Cotton-Effekt zeigt, der auf starke konformative Beweglichkeit der Nucleobase an der N-glycosylischen Bindung hinweist.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141020
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterocyclische β-Enaminoester, 27. Synthese von heterokondensierten 6H-1,3-Oxazin-6-onen aus N-Acylenaminoestern im system Triphenylphosphan/Hexachlorethan/Triethylamin (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3188-3194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterocyclic β-Enamino Esters, 27 synthesis of Heterocondensed 6H-1,3-Oxazin-6-ones from N-Acylenamino Esters in the system Triphenylphosphane/Hexachloroethane/TriethylamineA simple ring closure reaction of N-acylenamino esters (1b, e,2,3a-f,7) in the system triphenyl-phosphane/hexachloroethane/triethylamine is described proceeding with high yields. Under chlorinating 3-ester cleavage heterocondensed 6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones 4a -f, 5, 6b, e, 8, 9 are formed (UV, IR, NMR, MS).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140927
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    anti-[4+4]-Dicyclopentadien (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3197-3208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: anti-[4+4]-Dicyclopentadiene.The synthesis of anti-tricyclo[4.2.1.12,5]deca-3,7-diene(2) starting from the [4+6]-cycloadduct 4a derived from cyclopentadiene and tropon is described. Compound 2 decomposes at 200°C yielding a Mixture of cyclopentadiene (12), endo-[2+4]-dicyclopentadiene (13), anti-cis-[2+2]-dicyclopentadiene (14) and the cyclopentenyl-cyclopentadienes 15 and 16. The formation of a common diradical intermediate 11 in the decomposition of 2, 13 and 14 has been sought by means of the kinetic analyses of these reactions.
    Notes: Die Synthese des anti-tricyclo[4.2.1.12,5] deca-3,7-diens (2) aus dem [4+6]-Cycloaddukt 4a von Cyclopentadien und Tropon wird beschrieben. Bei Temperaturen um 200°C zerfällt 2 in ein Gemisch aus Cyclopentadien (12), endo-[2+4]-Dicyclopentadien (14) sowie den Cyclopentenyl-cyclopentadienen 15 und 16. Aufgrund der kinetischen Analyse dieser Reaktion sowie der Kinetik der Thermolysen von 13 und 14 wird geprüft, ob bei diesen Reaktionen ein gemeinsames Diradikal 11 durchlaufen wird.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141002
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Übergangsmetall-Carben-Komplexe, CXVII1) [(Arylseleno)(diethylamino)carben]pentacarbonylchrom(0)-Komplexe (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3209-3219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, CXVII1) [(Arylseleno)(diethylamino)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium(0)Pentacarbonyl(diethylaminocarbyne)chromium tetrafluoroborate, [CO)5CrCNEt2]BF4, (1) reacts with lithium arylselenolate, LiSeR, (3) [R = 4-C6H4CF3 (a), 4-C6H4Br (b) 4-C6H4F (c), C6H5 (d), 4-C6H4CH3 (e), 4-C6H4OCH3 (f), 1-C10H7 (g)] with addition of the selenolate anion to the carbyne carbon atom to give [(arylseleno)(diethylamino)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium(0), (CO)5Cr[C(SeR)NEt2], (4a - g). The complexes 4 were characterized by elemental analyses, spectroscopic data and in the case fo 4d additionally by an X-ray analysis. On heating in solution, 4a - g rearrange with CO-elimination and C,Cr-migration of SeR to the corresponding trans-(arylseleno)tetracarbonyl(diethylaminocarbyne)chromium complexes, trans-RSe(CO)4-CrCNEt2, (5a - g).
    Notes: Pentacarbonyl(diethylaminocarbin)chrom-tetrafluoroborat, [(CO)5CrCNEt2]BF4, (1) reagiert mit Lithium -arylselenolat, LiSeR, (3) [R = 4-C6H4CF3 (a), 4-C6H4Br (b) 4-C6H4 (c), C6H5 (d), 4-C6H4CH3 (e), 4-C6H4OCH3 (f), 1-C10H7 (g)] unter Addition des Selenolat-Anions an das Carbinkohlenstoffatom und Bildung von [Arylseleno)(diethylamino)carben]pentacarbonylchrom(0), (CO)5Cr[C(SeR)NEt2], (4a-g). Die Komplexe 4 wurden elementaranalytisch, spektroskopisch sowie im Fall von 4d zusätzlich durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse gesichert. Beim Erwärmen in Lösung lagern sich 4a-g unter CO-Abspaltung und C, Cr-Wanderung von SeR zu den entsprechenden trans-(Arylseleno)tetracarbonyl(diethylaminocarbin)chrom-Komplexen, trans-RSe(CO)4(CrCNEt2, (5a-g) um.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141003
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bausteine von Oligosaccchariden, XXXIII1) Synthese von β-glycosidisch verknüpften L-Rhamnose-haltigen Disacchariden (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3233-3241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXXIII1) Synthesis of β-Glycosidically Linked Disaccharides of L-RhamnoseThe 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl bromide (4) is a reactive halogenose which in the presence of a silver silicate catalyst reacts with saccharides containing a reactive hydroxyl group to dive a β-glycosidically linked disaccharide with good selectivity. The three β(1 → 4) and β(1 → 3) linked disaccharides of L-rhamnose 6, 17, and 27 were made in this way with either L-rhamnose or D-galactose as hydroxyl group component. Subsequent deprotection gave the free disaccharides 8, 19 and 31 respectively.
    Notes: Das 2,34-Tri-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosylbromid (4) ist eine reaktive Halogenose, die sich bei Gegenwart eines Silbersilicatkatalysators mit Sacchariden, die eine reaktive Hydroxylgruppe enthalten in guter Selektivität zu β-glycosidisch verknüpften Disacchariden umsetzen läßt. Die β(1 → 4)- und β(1 → 3)-verknüpften Disaccharide der L-Rhamnose 6, 17 und 27 mit L-Rhamnose und D-Galactose als Hydroxylkomponenten wurden auf diesem Wege dargestellt. Durch Entblockierung wurden die freien Disaccharide 8, 19 und 31 erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141005
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretische Berechungen zum CO - CO-Abstoßungspotential paralleler CO-Liganden in zweikernigen Carbonylkomplexen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3462-3466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Theoretical Calculations of the CO - CO Repulsion Potential in Dinuclear Carbonyl ComplexesThe van der waals repulsion between CO molecules has been obtained by means of quantum mechanical ab initio calculations. The results show in a quantitative way how this interaction between parallel CO ligands on neighbouring metals counteracts bonding forces of single or double bonds between metal atoms.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141029
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Synthese einiger Imino-Pentafluorsulfanyl-Derivate (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3467-3470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Synthesis of Some Imino Pentafluorosulfanyl DerivativesFrom the reaction of SF5NSCl2 and Ag2O in nitromethane SF5NSO (1) is isolated. The also obtained 2 is probably formed form 1. In the presence of CsF 1 and Cl2 will give SF5NSOCIF (4)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141030
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141101
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β,β-Diacyl-enamine und -enole, 9: Zur Darstellung von Aminomethylenderivaten offenkettiger CH2-acider Verbindungen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3471-3484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: β,β-Diacyl-enamines and -enoles, 9: Synthesis of Aminomethylene Derivatives of Open-Chain Active Methylene CompoundsThe reaction of a combination of primary or secondary aromatic or aliphatic amines with orthocarboxylic esters upon a variety of open-chain CH2-acidic molecules gives N-substituted aminoalkylidene derivatives. The method is highly recommended for methylene compounds activated by cyano, nitro, or phenylsulfonyl groups, whereas low yields are obtained, when highly enolized active methylene compounds are used. CH2-Acidic carboxylic acids give salts 10a-g.
    Notes: Die Reaktion primärer und sekundärer aromatischer oder aliphatischer Amine mit Orthocarbonsäureestern und offenkettigen CH2-aciden Verbindungen liefert N-substituierten Aminoalkylidenderivate; die Ausbeuten variieren stark mit der Natur der aktivierenden Gruppen. Die Methode kann für solche CH2-acide Moleküle empfohlen werden, welche durch eine nichtenolisierbare Gruppe (CN, NO2 oder PhSO2) aktiviert sind, während niedrige Ausbeute oder keine Umsetzung zu erwarten ist, wenn stark enolisierte methylenaktive Verbindungen eingesetzt werden. CH2-Acide Carbonsäuren liefern die Salze 10a-g.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphonium-hydrogendichloride, II: Drei Kristallstrukturen im Vergleich (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3499-3504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphonium Hydrogendichlorides, II: Three Crystal Structures in ComparisonBy means of crystal structure analysis the compounds [(4-CH3OC6H4)(CH3)PCl2][ClHCl] (1), [(4-CH3OC6H4)PCl3][ClHCl] (2), and [(4-C2H5OC6H4)PCl3][ClHCl] (3) are confirmed as phosphonium hydrogendichlorides and the number of existing geometric parameters of hydrogen bonding between Cl atoms in crystals is substantially increased. The symmetric hydrogendichloride anions who the shortest distances Cl…Cl (312.1 pm in 2) and the largest distance of this kind (328.8 pm also in 2) is observed in the anion with the shortest Cl-H bond.
    Notes: Durch Kristallstrukturanalyse werden die Verbindungen [(4-CH3OC6H4)(CH3)PCl2][ClHCl] (1), [(4-CH3OC6H4)PCl3][ClHCl] (2) und [(4-C2H5OC6H4)PCl3][ClHCl] (3) als Phosphonium-hydrogendichloride bestätigt und die vorhandenen geometrischen Daten zur Wasserstoffbrückenbindung zwischen Cl-Atomen in Kristallen deutlich vermehrt. Die symmetrischen Hydrogendichlorid-Anionen zeigen die kürzesten Abstände Cl…Cl (312.1 pm in 2), und der längste Abstand dieser Art (328.8 pm ebenfalls in 2) wird beim Anion mit der kürzesten Bindung Cl—H beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141104
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphonium-hydrogendichloride, I: Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Phosphoniumhydrogendichloriden (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3485-3498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphonium Hydrogendichlorides, I Preparation and Properties of Phosphonium HydrogendichloridesPhosphonium hydrogendichlorides of general formula [RR′PCl2]+ [ClHCl]- (1) and [RPCl3]+ [ClHCl]- (5) as well as of the bifunctional type [P(R)Cl2—R′ — P(R)Cl2]2+ 2[ClHCl]- (6) are obtained by differnt methods as well crystallized compounds, which are extremely sensitive toward moisture. Their structures are confirmed by spectroscopic methods and conductivity measurements. - It is shown that the stability of the phosphonium ion is increased by the +M-effect of R, thus favouring the formation of [ClHCl]-. Some reactions of 1 and 5 are described. On loosing HCl, they give the corresponding Phosphoranes RR′PCl3 (3) and RPCl4 (4). This reaction is reversible. By reaction with HBr, 1 and 5 are converted into the bromophosphoranes RR′PBr3 (8) and RPBr4 (9), while phosphonium hydrogendibromides [P(R)Br2—R′—P(R)Br2]2+ 2[BrHBR]- (7) are obtained from 6.
    Notes: Phosphonium-hydrogendichloride der Zusammensetzung [RR′PCl2]+ [ClHCl]- (1) und [RPCl3]+ [ClHCl]- (5) bzw. des bifunktionellen Typs [P(R)Cl2—R′ — P(R)Cl2]2+ 2[ClHCl]- (6) erhält man als extrem hydrolyseempfindliche, gut kristallisierende Stoffe nach verschiedenen Methoden. Ihre Konstitution wird durch spektroskopische Untersuchungen und Leitfähigkeitsmessungen sichergestellt. - Es wird gezeigt, daß der +M-Effekt von R die Stabilität des Phosphonium-Ions erhöht und dadurch die Bildung von [ClHCl]- begünstigt. Einige Reaktionen von 1 und 5 werden beschrieben. So erhält man aus ihnen durch HCl-Entzug die entsprechenden Phosphorane RR′PCl3 (3) und RPCl4 (4). Diese Reaktion ist reversibel. Die Umsetzung mit HBr führt bei 1 und 5 zu den Bromphosphoranen RR′PBr3 (8) und RPBr4 (9), bei 6 hingegen zu Phosphonium-hydrogendibromiden [P(R)Br2—R′ — P(R)Br2]2+ 2[BrHBr]- (7).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141103
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erzeugung und Nachweis des Silaethens Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermischer Zerfall von (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)Cli (X z. B. Hal, OR, SR) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3505-3517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Generation and Evidence of the Silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermolysis of (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X e. g. Hal, OR, SR)Thermal decomposition of Me2Xsi—CLi(SiMe3)2 (1,LiX) in deithyl ether at - 102 to 10°C leads under intramolecular LiX-elimination (X = Hal, TosO, Ph2POn, PhS) to 1,3-disilacyclobutane [Me2Si—C(SiMe3)2]2. (2). The reactive intermediate product is the silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1) the intermediate formation of which has been established by the determination of reaction rates and order and also through chemical means by trapping 1 with 2, 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. In the last case a [2 + 4]-cycloadduct as well as an ene-reaction product is formed. The speed of intramolecular LiX-elimination from 1,LiX decreases in the order: 1, LiOTos 〉 1,LiCL 〉 1,LiBr 〉 1,Lil 〉 1,Ph2PO4Li 〉 1,LiSPh ≍ 1,LiF 〉 1,Ph2PO2Li.
    Notes: Der thermische Zerfall von Me2XSi—CLi(SiMe3)2 (1,LiX) führt in Diethylether bei -102 bis 10°C unter intramolekularer LiX-Eliminierung (X = Hal, TosO, Ph2POn, PhS) zum 1,3-Disilacyclobutan [Me2Si—C(SiMe3)2]2 (2). Reaktives Zwischenprodukt ist das Silaethen Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1), dessen intermediäre Bildung auf kinetischem Wege durch Bestimmung von Reaktionsordnung und -geschwindigkeit der Eliminierungsreaktion sowie auf chemischem Wege durch Abfangen von 1 mit 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien wahrscheinlich gemacht werden konnte. In letzterem Falle entsteht ein [2 + 4]-Cycloaddukt sowie ein En-Reaktionsprodukt. Die Geschwindigkeit der intramolekularen LiX-Eliminierung aus 1, LiX nimmt in der Richtung 1,LiOTos 〉 1,LiCL 〉 1,LiBr 〉 1,Lil 〉 1,Ph2PO4Li 〉 1,LiSPh ≍ 1,LiF 〉 1,Ph2PO2Li ab.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kleine Ringe, 34: Versuche zur Darstellung von Dimethyltetrahedran (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3916-3921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Small Rings, 34: Attempts to Synthesize DimethyltetrahedraneIrradiation of dimethyltricyclo[2.1.0.02,5]pentanone (2) and 4,6-dimethyl-α-pyrone (6) in solution leads to products which are derivatives of 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene (1). However, in an argon matrix photochemical excitation of 2 results in the formation of methylenecyclobutene 12 which is in a photoequilibrium with vinylallene 11. Under analogous conditions pyrone 6 yields photostable 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene (1) via the bicyclic form 9. It is possible that dimethyltetrahedrane (14) is an intermediate in the decarbonylation of 2 into 11 ⇌ 12.
    Notes: Bestrahlung von Dimethyltricyclo[2.1.0.02,5]pentanon (2) und 4,6-Dimethyl-α-pyron (6) in Lösung führt zu Produkten, die sich von 1,3-Dimethylcyclobutadien (1) ableiten. In einer Argon-Matrix dagegen entsteht aus 2 bei photochemischer Anregung das mit dem Methylencyclobuten 12 in einem Photogleichgewicht stehende Vinylallen 11. Unter analogen Bedingungen liefert Pyron 6 über die bicyclische Form 9 photostabiles Cyclobutadien 1. Es ist möglich, daß bei der Decarbonylierung von 2 in 11 ⇌ 12 Dimethyltetrahedran (14) als Zwischenprodukt auftritt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141214
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kleine Ringe, 33: Versuche zur Darstellung von Diphenyltetrahedran (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3906-3915 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Small Rings, 33: Attempts to Synthesize DiphenyltetrahedraneCarbene 7, formed on photochemical or thermal excitation of (2,3-diphenyl-2-cyclopropen-1-yl)-diazomethane (6i), splits mostly into two acetylenes 8 und 9 instead of undergoing an intramolecular cycloaddition. Photolysis of the Masamune ketone 16 depending on the reaction conditions gives either p-terphenyl or a mixture of the two cyclooctatetraenes 18 und 19. The intermediate formation of tetrahedrane 10 would fit into the mechanistic picture of this fragmentation.
    Notes: Das bei photochemischer oder thermischer Anregung von (2,3-Diphenyl-2-cyclopropen-1-yl)diazomethan (6i) entstehende Carben 7 geht anstatt einer intramolekularen Cycloaddition bevorzugt eine Fragmentierung in die beiden Acetylene 8 und 9 ein. Bei Belichtung des Masamune- ketons 16 kann abhängig von den Reaktionsbedingungen entweder p-Terphenyl oder ein Gemisch der beiden Cyclooctatetraene 18 und 19 isoliert werden. Die intermediäre Ausbildung des Tetrahedrans 10 fügt sich gut in das mechanistische Bild ein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141213
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kleine Ringe, 37: Weitere Versuche zur Matrixisolierung von Tetramethyltetrahedran (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3959-3964 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Small Rings, 37: Further Attempts on Matrix Isolation of TetramethyltetrahedraneIrradiation of diketone 4 or cyclobutenedicarboxylic anhydride 6 in an argon matrix leads to tetramethylcyclopentadienone (5). On the contrary, the valence isomeric anhydride 7 gives cyclobutadiene 3 via lactone 8 which also can be prepared directly from α-pyrone 10. Tetramethyltetrahedrane (2) cannot be detected.
    Notes: Belichtung von Diketon 4 oder Cyclobutendicarbonsäureanhydrid 6 in einer Argonmatrix führt zu Tetramethylcyclopentadienon (5). Im Gegensatz dazu liefert das zu 6 valenzisomere Anhydrid 7 über das bicyclische Lacton 8, welches auch direkt aus dem α-Pyron 10 zugänglich ist, das Cyclobutadien 3. Tetramethyltetrahedran (2) ist nicht nachweisbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141217
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radikalionen, 47. Notiz: Die Strukturänderung während der Einelektronen-Oxidation von Bis(dimethylamino)disulfid (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2632-2639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical Ions, 47. Note on the Structural Change during the One-Electron Oxidation of Bis(dimethylamino) DisulfideOn one-electron oxidation, (H3C)2N—S—S—N(CH3)2 considerably changes its structure: where as the neutral molecule according to the ionization band pattern of the PE spectrum displays N and S lone pairs perpendicular to each other, as ESR spectroscopic comparison suggests a planarized skeleton for the radical cation. INDO closed and open shell total energy hypersurfaces for the model compounds H2N—S—S—NH2 and support the discussion of the spectra.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140725
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Metallalkyl- und -aryl- Verbindungen, XXVII. Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von Bis(phenylethinyl)bis-(N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylendiamin)magnesium, Mg(C≡CPh)2(tmeda)2 (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2640-2643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal Alkyl and Aryl Compounds, XXVII. Preparation and Crystal structure of Bis(phenylethynyl)bis(N, N, N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine)magnesium, Mg(C≡CPh)2(tmeda)2The title compound has been prepared from bis(phenylethynyl)magnesium and N, N, N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda) and investigated by X-ray diffraction methods (orthorhombic space group Cmcm, Z = 4, 696 (reflections, R = 0.049). It represents a first example of an organomagnesium compound with octahedral coordination of the central atom. The phenylethynyl ligands are in trans position.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140726
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Eigenschaften von B(OTeF5)3, Cs[B(OTeF5)4] und B(OTeF5)3 · CH3CN (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2644-2648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation and Properties of B(OTeF5)3, Cs[B(OTeF5)4], and B(OTeF5)3·CH3CNInteraction of BCl3 with HOTeF5 affords B(OTeF5)3 (1) in quantitative yield. This compound reacts with CsOTeF5 to give Cs[B(OTeF5)4] (2) and with acetonitrile to form the adduct B(OTeF5)3·CH3CN (3). Thermolysis of 1 above 130°C leads to TeOF4 which cannot be isolated, but dimerizes to 4 and polymerizes to F5Te[OTeF4]nOTeF5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140727
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von Arginin-haltigen Peptiden mit dem Kondensationsreagenz Tris(dimethylamino)phosphan/Hexachlorethan/1-Hydroxybenzotriazol (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2649-2652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Arginine Containing Peptides by Means of the Condensing Reagent Tris(dimethylamino)phosphane/Hexachloroethane/1-HydroxybenzotriazoleThe combination of the title reagents is well suited for building up protected oligopeptides contatining arginine.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140728
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Eigenschaften von und Reaktionen mit metallhaltigen Heterocyclen, XVI. Fünfgliedrige Wolfram-, eisen- und nickelhaltige Metallacycloalkane (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2653-2657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation and Properties of, and Reactions with, Metal-Containing Heterocycles, XVI1) Five-Membered Tungsten-, Iron-, and Nickel-Containing MetallacycloalkanesThe metallacyclopentanes, (3a-c) [m = 1-3: LnM = h5-C5H5Ni (3a), h5-C5H5Fe (3b), h5-C5H5W (3c)] are obtained by reductive cycloelimination of the complexes Ln(OC)m-1M(X)PPh2[CH2]3Cl (2a-c) with sodium amalgam. 3b is also formed from h5-C5H5-(OC)2FeBr (1b) and PPh2[CH2]3MgCl. 3a,b insert SO2 into their M—C σ bond to give the cyclic S-sulfinates (4a,b).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140729
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-Ethylcarboxamide von lyxo-Purinnucleosiden (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2947-2955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N-Ethyl lyxo Purine Nucleoside CarboxamidesMethyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene lyxuronate (1a) was transformed into 1 α-chloro-1-desoxy-N-ethyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene lyxuronamide (2d). Direct molten state condensation of 2d with silylated 6-chloro- and 2,6-dichloropurine (4a, b) yields mainly N-ethyl-N-9-purinyl nucleoside carboxamides with α and β-configuration (5a, b and 6a, b). The structure of these compounds was established from 1H- and 13C-NMR data.
    Notes: Aus 2,3-O-Isopropylidenlyxuronsäure-methylester (1a) wurde was 1 α-Chlor-1-desoxy-N-ethyl-2,3-O-isopropylidenlyxuronamid (2d) hergestellt. Schmelzkondensation mit silyliertem 6-Chlor- und 2,6-Dichlorpurin (4a, b) lieferte im wesentlichen die N-9-verknüpften α- und β-konfigurierten N-Ethyl-lyxo-purinnucleosidcarboxamide 5a, b und 6a, b. Die Struktur der erhaltenen Nucleoside wurde 1H- und 13C-NMR-spektroskopisch gesichert.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140904
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktion von Acetyl-Übergangsmetallkomplexen mit Phosphor-Yliden - ein weiteres Beispiel zur Halogenid/Metallat-Analogie (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2956-2970 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Acetyl Transition Metal Complexes with Phosphorus Ylides - a Further Example of Halide/Metalate AnalogyThe reaction of the acetyl metal complexes LnM—C(O)CH3 [LnM = C5H5(CO)2Fe, C5H5(CO)3Mo, C5H5(CO)2[P(CH3)3]Mo] with the phosphorus ylides (CH3)3P=CH2, C2H5(CH3)2P=CH2, (C2H5)3P=CHCH3 and (C4H9)3P=CH2 in the ratio 1:2 yields the corresponding acetyl-substituted ylides R3P=CR′C(O)CH3 3a-d (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9; R′ = H, CH3) and phosphonium metalates [R4P][MLn]4a-d, 6a, b via heterolysis of the Fe—C-σ-bond and transylidation. With CH3C(O)Cl an analogous way of reaction is observed, which however can be repeated to give the diacetyl ylides R3P=C(COCH3)2 8a, b (R = Ch3, n-C4H9). The new compounds are characterized by spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR) and further reactions.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung der Acetyl-Metallkomplexe LnM—C(O)CH3 [LnM = C5H5(CO)2Fe, C5H5(CO)3Mo, C5H5(CO)2[P(CH3)3]Mo] mit den Phosphor-Yliden (CH3)3P=CH2, C2H5(CH3)2P=CH2, (C2H5)3P=CHCH3 und (C4H9)3P=CH2 im Verhältnis 1 : 2 liefert unter Heterolyse der Fe—C-σ-Bindung und Umylidierung die entsprechenden Acetyl-Ylide R3P=CR′C(O)CH3 3a-d (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9; R′ = H, CH3) und Phosphonium-metallate [R4P][MLn] 4a-d, 6a, b. Mit CH3C(O)Cl wird ein analoger Reaktionsverlauf nachgewiesen, der sich aber wiederholen und zu Diacetyl-Yliden R3P=C(COCH3)2 8a, b (R = CH3, n-C4H9) führen kann. Die neuen Verbindungen werden spektroskopisch (NMR, IR) und durch Folgereaktionen charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140905
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Reaktionen von kationischen Chlorobis(phosphan)platin(II)-Komplexen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2971-2978 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Reactions of Cationic Chlorobis(phosphane)platinum(II) Complexes[(R3P)2Pt(Cl)H2O]+BF-4 (1) and (R3P)2Pt(Cl)OSO2CF3 (2) have been prepared by abstraction of chloride from cis-(R3P)2PtCl2 using tetrafluoroboric acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, respectively. The protons of the aqua ligand in 1 form hydrogen bridges to the BF-4 anion. The acidic complexes 1 and 2 are useful starting materials for new platinum(II) complexes. HCO-3 neutralizes 1 to form the carbonato complex (Et3P)2PtO2CO (5). The heterogenous reaction of 2a with glycinate gives the cationic chelate complex (6). The coordinated water of 1 is easily substituted by other ligands, e. g. phosphanes. The chloro-bridged complexes [(R3P)2PtCl2Pt(PR3)2]2+ are formed by treatment of 1 or 2 with ethers.
    Notes: [(R3P)2Pt(Cl)H2O]+BF-4 (1) und (R3P)2Pt(Cl)OSO2CF3 (2) (R = Et, n-Bu, Ph; 2 PR3 = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) werden durch Chlorid-Abstraktion aus cis-(R3P)2PtCl2 mit Tetrafluoroborsäure bzw. Trifluormethansulfonsäure erhalten. Die Protonen des Aqua-Liganden von 1 bilden Wasserstoffbrücken zum BF-4-Anion aus. Die sauren Komplexe 1 und 2 lassen sich zur gezielten Synthese neuer Platin(II)-Komplexe nutzen. In heterogener Reaktion entsteht aus 2a mit Glycinat der kationische Chelatkomplex (6). Hydrogencarbonat neutralisiert 1 unter Bildung des Carbonatokomplexes (Et3P)2PtO2CO (5). Das koordinierte H2O in 1 läßt sich leicht durch andere Liganden, z. B. Phosphane, ersetzen. 1 und 2 bilden in Ethern die Chloro-verbrückten Dikationen [R3P)2PtCl2Pt(PR3)2]2+.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140906
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metall-Bor-Verbindungen, 13. Zur Synthese und Reaktivität einiger (Trimethylstannyl)borane (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3056-3062 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal-Boron Compounds, 13. Synthesis and Reactivity of some (Trimethylstannyl)boranes2)The preparation of some amino(trimethylstannyl)boranes and their chemical properties are described. With Me3SnLi (Me = CH3) as a reagent only the synthesis of Me3SnB(NR2)2 (1a, b), Me3SnBCl(NR2) (2a, b), and (Me3Sn)2BNR2 (3b) was achieved. The stannylboranes Me3SnB(NR2)2 show astonishing thermal stability. Their Sn—B bonds are broken by hydrogen, the halogens, and chalcogens as well as by alcohols. HCl cleaves the B—N bond.
    Notes: Die Darstellung einiger Amino(trimethylstannyl)borane und deren chemische Eigenschaften werden beschrieben. Mit Me3SnBCl(NR2) (1a, b) und Me3SnBCl(NR2) )2a, b) (Me3Sn)2BNR2 (3b). Die Stannylborane Me3SnB(NR2)2 sind thermisch erstaunlich stabil. Ihre Sn—B-Bindungen werden von Wasserstoff, den Halogenen, Chalcogenen und Alkoholen gespalten, während HCl die B—N-Bindung öffnet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140912
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radikale durch Oxidation von λ3-Phosphorin-Derivaten (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3019-3023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Radicals by Oxidation of λ3-Phosphorin DerivativesThe first ESR spectra, which are observed when 2,4,6-trisubstituted λ3-phosphorins 1a-c are oxidized electrolytically or with dichlorodicyanoquinone (DDQ) in dichloromethane or tetracyanoethene (TCNE) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane, are not - as formerly supposed - those of λ3-phosphorin cation radicals 2a-c. They are secondary radicals of the λ4-phosphorin-type 3 which are produced from the very short living radicals 2 by addition of water from the solvent. Oxidation of 1c in dichloromethane/methanol with DDQ affords the 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-1-methoxy-λ4-phosphorin radical 3′c. Further oxidation of the radicals 3 produces the very stable radicals 7a-c, once again by addition of water and deprotonation. Their ESR spectra are very similar to those of the „neutral radicals“, described in the precedent paper, which are formed by the electrolytic oxidation of 1,1-dimethoxy-λ5-phosphorins in dichloromethane in the presence of lithium bromide or by oxidation with lead tetrabenzoate and which are the methyl esters of 7.
    Notes: Die ersten ESR-Spektren, die man bei der elektrolytischen Oxidation von 2,4,6-trisubstituierten λ3-Phosphorinen 1a-c, der Oxidation mit Dichlordicyanchinon (DDQ) in Dichlormethan oder der mit Tetracyanethen (TCNE) in 1,2-Dimethoxyethan beobachtet, sind nicht, wie früher angenommen, die der λ3-Phosphorin-Kationradikale 2a-c. Es sind die von Folgeradikalen vom λ4-Phosphorintyp 3, die aus den sehr kurzlebigen Radikalen 2 durch Addition von Wasser aus dem Lösungsmittel entstehen. Methanolzusatz zum Dichlormethan bei der Oxidation von 1c mit DDQ führt zum 2,4,6-Tri-tert-butyl-1-methoxy-λ4-phosphorin-Radikal 3′c. Bei weiterer Oxidation der Radikale 3 entstehen unter erneuter Addition von Wasser und Deprotonierung die sehr beständigen Radikale 7a-c. Ihre ESR-Spektren unterscheiden sich nur wenig von denen der in der vorstehenden Mitteilung beschriebenen „Neutralradikale“, die bei der elektrolytischen Oxidation aus 1,1-Dimethoxy-λ5-phosphorinen in Dichlormethan bei Anwesenheit von Lithiumbromid oder der Oxidation mit Bleitetrabenzoat entstehen und die den Methylestern von 7 entsprechen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140909
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 130
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 120. Tetraorganyldiborane(4): Darstellung und Stabilität (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3044-3055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, 120. Tetraorganyldiboranes(4): Preparation and Stabilitytert-Butylation of B2(OCH3)4 by LiC(CH3)3 proceeds via [(CH3)3C](CH3O)B—B(OCH3)[C(CH3)3] (1) to give tri-tert-butylmethoxydiborane(4) (2). Tetraalkylation of B2(OCH3)4 is achieved by isopropyllithium; no reaction intermediates were found in this case. Al(C2H5)3 reacts with B2(OCH3)4 to give B2(C2H5)4 which is stable only below - 30°C. On the other hand the CH3O group in 2 is replacable by CH3, and the CH3O groups in 1 by ethyl groups. Thus, product control by steric factors is evident. - The thermal stability of tetraorganyldiboranes(4) is controlled by the steric screening of the boron atoms: tetraisopropyldiborane(4) decomposes slowly at room temperature, tetraethyldiborane(4) rapidly at - 20°C.
    Notes: Die tert-Butylierung von B2(OCH3)4 mit LiC(CH3)3 führt über die Stufe [(CH3)3C](CH3O)B—B-(OCH3)[C(CH3)3] (1) zu Tri-tert-butylmethoxydiboran(4) (2). Die Tetraalkylierung von B2(OCH3)4 gelingt mit Isopropyllithium; Isopropylmethoxydiboran(4)-Zwischenstufen sind nicht faßbar. Al(C2H5)3 reagiert mit B2(OCH3)4 zu dem nur unterhalb von - 30°C stabilen B2(C2H5)4. Die CH3O-Gruppe in 2 ist gegen eine CH3-Gruppe ersetzbar, die CH3O-Gruppen von 1 gegen Ethylgruppen. Produktkontrolle erfolgt somit durch sterische Effekte. - Die thermische Stabilität der Tetraorganyldiborane(4) wird von der sterischen Abschirmung der Boratome gesteuert: Tetraisopropyldiboran(4) zersetzt sich langsam bei Raumtemperatur, Tetraethyldiboran(4) rasch bei - 20°C.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140911
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 131
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 119. Darstellung und Struktur von Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]aminen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3024-3043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, 119. Synthesis and Structure of Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]aminesNMR data of Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]amines, N[B(SR)2]3, prepared by two different routes, indicate chemically equivalent RS groups in solution. The rather weak screening at boron and nitrogen agrees with the competition of three boron atoms for the lone pair of electrons at nitrogen, e.g. weak BN-π-bonding. - The equivalence of the RS groups is lost in the solid state. One(RS)2B group in each of the compounds 1-4 is strongly twisted against the B3N plane, and following the series 1, 2, 4, and 3 the other two orient themselves more and more coplanarily to this plane. Accordingly, a relatively long BN bond (147-148 pm) is observed besides two shorter BN bonds (143-145 pm) in each of these compounds. This is experimental evidence for the dependence of the B—N distance from π-bond order and its angular dependence. In addition, the structures of the 1,3,2-dithiaborolan, the 1,3,2-benzodithiaborol, and the 1,3,2-dithiaborolene ring systems have been ascertained. Only the latter two posses planar rings. - Mass spectrometric fragmentation of the tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]amines proceeds with preferential retention of BN bonding. For instance, the molecular ion of 2 breaks apart by three successive eliminations of ethylene with formation of the radical cation of NB3S6+ (12), derived from a hitherto unknown tricyclic system.
    Notes: Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]amine, N[B(SR)2]3, nach zwei verschiedenen Verfahren dargestellt, besitzen in Lösung nach NMR-Untersuchungen chemisch äquivalente RS-Gruppen. Die gefundene geringe Abschirmung des Bors und Stickstoffs steht in Übereinstimmung mit der Konkurrenz von drei Boratomen um das freie Elektronenpaar am Stickstoff, d. h. schwacher BN-π-Bindung. - Im festen Zustand der Verbindungen 1-4 ist dagegen jeweils eine der drei (RS)2B-Gruppen stark gegen die B3N-Ebene verdrillt, und in der Reihe 1, 2, 4 und 3 zunehmend stellen sich die beiden anderen koplanar zu dieser Ebene ein. Dementsprechend beobachtet man eine relativ lange (147-148 pm) neben zwei kürzeren BN-Bindungen (143-145 pm). Dies ist ein experimenteller Beleg für die Abhängigkeit des B—N-Abstands von der π-Bindungsordnung zwischen B und N und ihrer Winkelabhängigkeit. Zugleich wurde die Struktur des 1,3,2-Dithiaborolan-, des 1,3,2-Benzodithiaborol- und des 1,3,2-Dithiaborolen-Ringes ermittelt. Nur die beiden letztgenannten Heterocyclen besitzen ein planares Ringgerüst. Die massenspektrometrische Fragmentierung der Tris[bis(organylthio)boryl]amine verläuft bevorzugt unter Erhaltung der BN-Bindungen. Dabei zerfällt das Molekül-Ion von 2 vor allem unter sukzessiver Abspaltung von 3 mol Ethylen und Bildung des Radikal-Kations NB3S6+ (12), das sich von einem bisher unbekannten Tricyclus ableitet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140910
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 132
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XXX. Neue effektive β-Glycosidsynthese für Mannose-Glycoside Synthesen von Mannose-haltigen Oligosacchariden (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3102-3114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXX. New Efficient β-Glycoside Synthesis of Mannose Glycosides Syntheses of Mannose Containing OligosaccharidesA new method was developed for the stereo selective synthesis of oligosaccharides containing a β-linked mannose-unit which were hitherto not available by direct synthesis. The glycoside synthesis is promoted by a silversilicate-catalyst which was precipitated on aluminium oxide. The trisaccharides 20 and 31 (see german summary) and the tetrasaccharide 33 were synthesized, demonstrating the advantages offered by block synthesis.
    Notes: Es wird eine neue Methode zur selektiven Synthese von Oligosacchariden mit β-verknüpfter Mannose-Einheit entwickelt, für deren direkte Gewinnung es bisher kein Verfahren gab. Als Katalysator dient ein auf Al2O3 niedergeschlagenes Silbersilicat. Es werden die Trisaccharide β-D-Man-(1→4)α-D-Gal-(1→4)-L-Rha (20) und sowie das Tetrasaccharid 33 synthetisiert. Hierbei werden die Vorteile der Blocksynthese demonstriert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140916
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 133
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein cyclisches Carbodiphosphoran und eine offenkettige Vergleichsverbindung (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3063-3069 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Cyclic Carbodiphosphorane and an Open-chain Reference CompoundThe cyclic carbodiphosphorane 8 is prepared from bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (1) and 1,3-dibromopropane, via a diphosphonium salt 6 and a semiquaternary salt 7, through transylidation with salt-free trimethyl methylene phosphorane. The structure is established by 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR and mass spectrometry, as well as by X-ray diffraction. Reprotonation with anhydrous HCl regenerates the diphosphonium salt 6. With tetrahydrofuran-borane, 8 is converted into a 1:1-borane complex 9, with the BH3 acceptor attached to the double-ylide carbon bridge. Methylation with CH3I occurs in the same position (10). 1:1-complexes (11, 12) are also formed with dimethylzink and -cadmium. The products are probably dimeric and show a rapid CH3-exchange in solution. - The already known open-chain analogue CH3(C6H5)2P=C=P(C6H5)2CH3 (4) resembles 8 in many respects, including the molecular structure. In the coordination interaction with metals a metalation in the CH3-groups in strongly favoured, however, as it is again shown in the nickel complex 5.
    Notes: Aus Bis(diphenylphosphino)methan (1) und 1,3-Dibrompropan wird über ein Diphosphoniumsalz 6 und ein Semiquartärsalz 7 durch Umylidierung mit salzfreiem Trimethylmethylenphosphoran das cyclische Carbodiphosphoran 8 dargestellt. Der Strukturbeweis gelingt über 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR-und Massenspektrum sowie durch eine Röntgenbeugungsanalyse. Durch wasserfreien Chlorwasserstoff wird das Diphosphoniumsalz 6 zurückgebildet. Mit Tetrahydrofuran-Boran wird ein 1:1-Komplex 9 erhalten, der den BH3-Akzeptor am Doppelylid-Brückenkohlenstoffatom gebunden hat. In gleicher Position erfolgt die Methylierung mit Methyliodid (10). Mit Dimethylzink und -cadmium entstehen 1:1-Komplexe (11, 12) vermutlich dimerer Struktur, die in Lösung raschen CH3-Austausch zeigen. - Das schon bekannte offenkettige Analogon CH3(C6H5)2P=C=P(C6H5)2CH3 (4) gleicht in vielen Eigenschaften, einschließlich seiner Molekülstruktur, dem Heterocyclus 8 Bei der Komplexbildung mit Metallen erfolgt hier jedoch bevorzugt Eintritt in die CH3-Gruppen. Der Nickelkomplex 5 ist dafür ein charakteristisches Beispiel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140913
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 134
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasculogenesis of the bursa cloacalis (bursa of Fabricius) of the chick embryo (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Vasculogenesis of the bursa cloacalis (bursa of Fabricius) was examined in 10- to 21-day chick embryos and in chicks during the first 5 days post-hatching. The entire circulatory system was injected with India ink, and the bursae were then removed and either cleared for examination in toto or sectioned serially. The bursa was supplied by three pairs of extrinsic blood vessels. At 10 and 11 days of incubation, most intrinsic vessels were arranged in a superficial, hexagonal network. In regions of developing plicae, the hexagonal plexus extended into the core of each plica, forming middle plical vessels. The latter were interconnected across interplical areas by cross-connecting vessels. The middle plical vessels gave rise to small capillary offshoots, which soon increased in complexity, forming delicate loops. Branches extended from these loops through the subepithelial lamina propria to incipient epithelial buds by 12 days of incubation. All epithelial buds were supplied by at least one such branch, and similar branches extended to the basal aspect of the epithelium in areas where epithelial buds had not yet formed. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that blood vessels induce formation of epithelial buds. At about 15 days of incubation, the cortex and medulla of each developing lymphatic follicle were defined clearly, and an intricate, web-like, capillary network coursed throughout the follicular cortex. The medulla appeared to be devoid of capillaries. The diameters of all intrinsic and extrinsic bursal blood vessels gradually increased throughout development. During post-hatching stages, the diameters of the extrinsic vessels continued to increase, whereas those of the intrinsic vessels were markedly decreased from late pre-hatching stages.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670104
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 135
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the prolactin-thyroxine synergism in newt limb regeneration (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The use of hormone replacement to support limb regeneration in hypophysectomized newts has been the subject of many investigations. Growth hormone, as well as prolactin (PL) in combination with exogenously supplied thyroxine, have all been shown to he effective. However, the bovine growth hormone used to support limb regeneration was contaminated by prolactin and thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH). The present investigation evaluates the significance of (1) prolactin contamination and (2) endogenous thyroxine synthesis resulting from TSH contamination on limb regeneration in hypophysectomized newts. The effect of supplying exogenous thyroxine was also evaluated. Our studies showed that when hypophysectomized newts were injected with contamination levels of PL and TSH, regeneration occurred, suggesting that the newt's thyroid synthesized sufficient thyroxine to support a prolactin-thyroxine synergism. The endogenous thyroxine was synthesized by thyroid glands that were indistinguishable from those of saline-injected, hypophysectomized controls.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 136
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of androgens on the β-glands of the tokay (Gekko gecko): Modification of an hypothesis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Study of the posterior abdominal epidermis in hypophysectomized/thyroidectomized male and female tokays following surgery, and subsequent androgen therapy, indicates that, contrary to a previous model, all aspects of β-gland differentiation are under direct androgenic control. On the other hand, another epidermal specialization, the digital foot-pad, shows a pattern of histogenesis directly comparable to that of β-glands, but is unaffected by androgens. These data are discussed with respect to the evolution of glandular epidermal specializations in gekkonid lizards and the possible role of androgens in modifying the control of cell differentiation in lizard epidermis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670110
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 137
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny and phylogeny of tooth attachment modes in actinopterygian fishes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 167-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are four major tooth attachment modes in actinopterygians. Type 1 mode is characterized by complete ankylosis of the tooth to the attachment bone; it is the primitive attachment mode for actinopterygians. In Type 2 mode there is a ring of collagen between the tooth base and the bone. In Type 3 mode mineralization extends near or to the bone at the anterior tooth border, and there is a relatively large collagen area on the posterior surface of the tooth; Type 3 teeth are hinged with an anterior axis of rotation. Type 4 teeth also have a relatively large posterior collagen area, but there is no collagenous connection between the anterior basal tooth border and the attachment bone; Type 4 teeth are hinged, with a posterior axis of rotation. Types 2, 3, and 4 attachment modes appear to result from retardation of mineralization and resemble, with some modifications, ontogenetic stages in the development of Type 1 mode; they are considered to be paedomorphic features. Attachment modes 2, 3, and 4 are each associated with a major evolutionary lineage within the Teleostei. The degree to which paedomorphosis has been a factor in teleostean evolution is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670203
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 138
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterochronic mechanisms of morphological diversification and evolutionary change in the neotropical salamander, Bolitoglossa occidentalis (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 249-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bolitoglossa occidentalis, a lowland salamander of Mexico and Guatemala, has a highly derived morphology. The features that are derived with respect to the condition in generalized members of the genus include the following: (1) small body size; (2) short tail; (3) fully webbed hands and feet; (4) reduction and loss of certain phalangeal elements; (5) fusion of carpals and tarsals; (6) absence of prefrontal bones; and (7) reduced skull ossification. The ontogeny of this species was analyzed quantitatively and compared with the patterns of growth and differentiation encountered in two morphologically generalized members of the genus, B. rostrata and B. subpalmata. Most of the derived features can be explained by invoking a single heterochronic process: truncation of development at a small size (most likely the product of early maturation). Therefore, B. occidentalis is a paedomorphic species whose morphology has been attained through the process of progenesis. This result supports Alberch's ('80a) prediction, based on functional analysis, that the principle adaptation to arboreality in B. occidentalis is small size; other derived morphological features are associated with the organism's truncated development and may have no adaptive significance. However, patterns of dissociation are found within this overall progenetic process. Some of these include the following: (1) accelerated growth rates of the metatarsals and first phalanges, and retarded growth rates of the second and third phalangeal elements; (2) dissociation between rates of ossification of the skull and the autopodial elements; and (3) dissociation between the timing of termination of the process of shape change during the ontogeny of the foot (the product of differential growth between digital and interdigital areas) and termination of growth in overall foot size (foot surface area). This later result illustrates the independence of morphogenetic phenomena (shape change) from processes of growth (size increase).
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 139
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic stages of Gastrotheca riobambae (fowler) during maternal incubation and comparison of development with that of other egg-brooding hylid frogs (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 277-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A table of development (25 stages) for the period of incubation in the pouch was constructed for Gastrotheca riobambae; it can be used to stage embryos of other egg-brooding hylids. Analysis of embryonic weights during incubation shows that the mother does not contribute nutrients, but gases and other factors are probably exchanged between mother and embryos.According to species, incubation on the back of the mother is carried to the froglet or to the tadpole stages. Development in these hylids is characterized by specialized gills, the bell gills derived from the branchial arches. In some species, the bell gills derive from the first branchial arch and cover less than 50% of the embryo, while in others, the bell gills come from both branchial arches I and II and cover from less than 50% to 100% of the embryo. The most complex bell gills derive from the fusion of the two branchial arches.The majority of egg-brooding hylids live in tropical forests and carry development to the froglet stage. Tadpoles are produced by species of Flectonotus, Fritziana, and Gastrotheca. Tadpole-producing species of Gastrotheca have the most complex reproductive adaptations among egg-brooding hylids Acceleration and retardation in development seem to have played important roles in the evolution of these frogs. The evolutionary trend has been toward direct development, i.e., disappearance of the free-living larval stages through maternal incubation, and later to a recovery of the free-living tadpole stages in species of Gastrotheca with the most complex reproductive adaptations.
    Additional Material: 32 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670303
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 140
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure, histochemistry, ontogenetic development, and regeneration of the ocellus of Cladonema radiatum dujardin (cnidaria, hydrozoa, anthomedusae) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 313-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ectodermal eyes, 45-55 μm in diameter, of the cnidarian hydrozoan Cladonema radiatum Dujardin possess a lens approximately 15 μm in diameter enveloped by an eyecup (retina). An overlying layer of intensely vacuolated distal process of the adjoining epithelial cells forms a transparent cornea. The eyecup is composed of three cell types: basal cells, melanin-containing pigment cells, and photoreceptor cells. The last two cell types occur in the ratio of approximately 2:1. Histogenesis of the eye both during ontogeny and regeneration is described from light and electron microscopic investigations. During ontogeny the cell types forming the retina are derived from a compact group of morphologically undifferentiated cells, but during regeneration a primordium is formed by regeneration cells. In both cases the lens is built from distal nonnucleated cytoplasmic portions pinched off from the pigment cells. The cornea is formed by distal lamellar processes of the ocellus adjoining the epithelial cells. Through EM-histochemical methods (silver impregnation and DOPA-oxidase reaction) the pigment of the chromatophores of the retina was identified as melanin.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670306
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 141
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 247-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680211
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 142
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680301
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 143
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of olfactory projections in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 189-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The neural organization of the olfactory system in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, has been investigated by using the Fink-Heimer technique to trace the efferents of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, and Golgi preparations to determine the spatial relations between olfactory afferents and neurons in the primary olfactory centers.The accessory olfactory bulb projects to the ipsilateral nucleus sphericus via the accessory olfactory tract. The main olfactory bulb projects to the ipsilateral telen-cephalon via four tracts. The medial olfactory tract projects to the rostral continuation of medial cortex and to the septum. The intermediate olfactory tract projects to the olfactory tubercle and retrobulbar formation. The lateral olfactory tract projects to the rostral part of lateral cortex. The intermediate and lateral olfactory tracts also merge caudally to form the stria medullaris, which crosses the midline in the habenular commissure and distributes fibers to the contralateral hemisphere via two tracts. The lateral corticohabenular tract terminates in the contralateral lateral cortex. The anterior olfactohabenular tract terminates in the contralateral olfactory tubercle, retrobulbar formation and septum.The relation of olfactory afferents to neurons in the medial cortex, lateral cortex, nucleus sphericus, and septum corresponds to a pattern of organization that is typical of many olfactorecipient structures. Such structures are trilaminar, with neurons whose somata are situated in the intermediate layer (layer 2) sending spine-laden dendrites into an outer, molecular layer (layer 1). Olfactory afferents intersect the distal segments of these dendrites. By contrast, other olfactorecipient structures in Dipsoaurus deviate from the familiar pattern. Olfactory afferents intersect somata lying in layer 2 of the retrobulbar formation. Olfactory afferents include some fibers which course perpendicularly to the surface of the olfactory tubercle and extend deep to layer 2.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 144
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on preadipocytes and their distribution patterns in rat adipose tissue (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Microscopic examination of adipocytes isolated from adult rat epididymal adipose tissue revealed numerous small cells (〈 10 μm) morphologically similar to larger adipocytes. These small adipocytes appear identical to a new classification of adipose cells termed preadipocytes. Electron micrographs of these preadipocytes revealed examples of cells 〈 10 μm in diameter in various stages of maturation and lipid accumulation. The percent distribution pattern of these small adipocytes was not significantly altered by exercise although exercise shifted the distribution patterns of the larger cells (〉 30 μm) toward a smaller mean cell size. The quantitative significance of preadipocytes is not established but these preliminary observations indicate that adipocytes 〈 10 μm in diameter may account for a numerically greater proportion of the total adipocytes observed in collagenase isolated preparations than heretofore recognized, although their contribution to total adipose mass is probably negligible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680304
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 145
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormone dependent changes in the apical connective tissue during early stages of forelimb regeneration in the hypophysectomized newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 297-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When a newt is hypophysectomized prior to or at the time of forelimb amputation a dermal barrier eventually forms between the apical cap of epithelium and the underlying mesenchymal tissues, and the typical regeneration response is transformed to a wound-healing morphology. When hypophysectomized newts are injected on continuous alternate days beginning either at the time of amputation or following a fifteen-day delay, with either growth hormone (GH) or prolactin in combination with thyroxine (PLT4), normal regeneration occurs. Our experiment was designed to examine critically the early changes occurring in apical connective tissue that had been allowed to form as a consequence of hypophysectomy prior to forelimb amputation. Adult newts were hypophysectomized and five days later both forelimbs were amputated distal to the elbow. Following a delay of eight days, to permit the formation of connective tissue beneath the apical epithelium, they were injected intraperitoneally on successive alternate days with GH or with PL in combination with T4 in the aquarium water. The apical connective tissue of the limb stumps underwent a progressive erosion and became discontinuous by day 4. The limb morphology of hypophysectomized newts receiving ACTH or PL or maintained in thyroxine was virtually identical to sham-injected hypophysectomized controls. It appears that an initial effect of GH or PLT4 therapy is to establish the epithelial-mesenchymal interface that previously has been suggested to be a requisite for the regenerative event.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680306
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 146
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External features of embryonic development of a jumping bristletail, Pedetontus unimaculatus Machida (Insecta, Thysanura, Machilidae)Contributions from Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University Of Tsukuba, no. 56. (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 339-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The external features of the embryo and the first instar larva of Pedetontus unimaculatus are described. Blastokinesis of P. unimaculatus is very similar to that of Petrobius brevistylis (Larink, '69), but differs from that of Machilis alternata (Heymons and Heymons, '05). The superficial structures of three pairs of protocerebral lobes are present. The terga of the mandibular, maxillary, and labial segments take part in the formation of the head capsule. In the maxilla and labium, the palpi are homologous with the telopodites of the legs; the other parts proximal to the palpi are homologous with the coxopodites. No sternal element contributes to the postmentum. Both glossa and paraglossa consist of two lobes. The pleuropodium, stylus and ventral sac are derived from distal parts of appendage anlagen. The pleuropodium of the first abdominal segment is homologous with the styli of the successive abdominal segments; the ventral sacs of succeeding segments are serially homologous. The basal parts of appendage anlagen cover each sternum in the first to ninth abdominal segments to form coxites, which are therefore appendicular in origin. The basal part of the cercus also covers the ventral and lateral surfaces of the eleventh abdominal segment.
    Additional Material: 42 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680310
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 147
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The embryonic development of the primitive moth, Neomicropteryx nipponensis Issiki (lepidoptera, micropterygidae): Morphogenesis of the embryo by external observation (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The micropterygid moth Neomicropteryx nipponensis belongs to the most primitive suborder Zeugloptera of the Lepidoptera. During embryogenesis the small circular germ disk formed on the ventral egg surface invaginates deeply into the yolk. It finally separates from the egg periphery or rudimentary serosa, and becomes a sac-shaped germ rudiment. Its anterior part later develops into the germ band, while its posterior part is the future amnion. Just before revolution of the embryo, the embryo assumes a completely superficial position beneath the yolk. Neither amnion nor serosa rupture during revolution; by completion of dorsal closure they have been incorporated into the yolk to form the secondary dorsal organ.The formation of the germ rudiment and embryonic membranes in N. nipponensis resembles those of swift moths, Endoclyta (suborder Monotrysia) and of the caddisflies, Stenopsyche (Trichoptera), but differs from those of ditrysian Lepidoptera. The secondary dorsal organ has never been found in any other lepidopteran embryos; however, it is formed in N. nipponensis and in the Trichoptera. The results of the present study strongly support the general phylogenetic views that the Zeugloptera have a close affinity to the Trichoptera.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 148
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690101
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 149
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the lung of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 29-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations were made on the rattlesnake lung, which has the form of a cigar-shaped bag enclosing a large axial air chamber. The lungs were fixed by tracheal instillation of fixative to preserve the structural features of inflated lungs. An open tracheal groove along the ventral aspect of the lung is the only structural “airway” present. The wall of the lung has two histologically distinct regions: anteriorly, a respiratory portion, where up to three generations of septa subdivide the wall into cup-shaped gas-exchange chambers, termed faveoli; and posteriorly, a simple, thin-walled saccular portion. The epithelium lining the internal surface of the lung is composed of several cell types: (1) ciliated cells; (2) type I pneumonocytes; (3) type II pneumonocytes, secretory cells characterized by the presence of lamellar bodies; and (4) serous epithelial cells, secretory cells characterized by the presence of homogeneous, densely staining secretory granules. However, the distinctiveness of the secretory cell types in the snake lung is blurred because intermediate-appearing cells have both the lamellar body and homogenous type of secretory granule. The nonepithelial components of the pulmonary wall and septa consist of blood vessels and lymphatics, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, embedded in a matrix of extracellular connective tissue fibers. Tubular myelin figures were observed in the faveolar lining layer.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690104
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 150
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory bulb efferents in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 91-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Autoradiographic, HRP, and Fink-Heimer techniques define olfactory bulb efferents in the channel catfish. The olfactory bulb projects bilaterally to eight targets in the area ventralis telencephali including the preoptic area, five targets in area dorsalis telencephali, and the posterior tuber of the diencephalon. There is additional input to the peripheral margin of the internal cell layer of the contralateral olfactory bulb. Fibers cross in rostral (nervus terminalis and commissure of Goldstein) and caudal components of the anterior commissure and the habenular commissure. HRP techniques reveal the origin of bulb efferents from the internal and mitral cell layers of the olfactory bulb. The olfactory tract is divided into five major components, each with a unique subset of ipsilateral and commissural pathways.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 151
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of the site of involution at novel locations on the amphibian embryo (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Anuran (Rana) and urodele (Ambystoma) amphibian eggs were subjected to prolonged unnatural orientations in relation to gravity. In some cases eggs were rotated 90°, while in other instances eggs were rotated 180° (complete inversion). Alterations in the pigmentation pattern, cleavage pattern, and site of involution were observed. Despite these unnatural orientations to gravity, the morphogenesis of axial structures was frequently normal. Reorganization of the egg cytoplasm apparently takes place after the unnatural orientation. Rather than being localized in a fixed position in the egg (e.g., the egg cortex), the determinants for the pattern of early embryogenesis are probably located in that portion of the cytoplasm (e.g., “internal” cytoplasm) that orients to gravity.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690203
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 152
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cytoarchitecture of the torus semicircularis in the red-eared turtle (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 207-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoarchitecture and neuronal morphology of the torus semicircularis in the red-eared turtle, Chrysemys scripta elegans, were examined in Nissl-stained and Golgi-impregnated material. The torus semicircularis begins in the caudodorsal mesencephalon and extends rostrally and laterally to end ventrally to the tectal ventricle. The torus semicircularis consists of a central nucleus and a laminar nucleus, which is interposed between the central nucleus and the ventricle.The central nucleus can be divided into two regions, a small, large-celled area, located dorsally, and a larger area of small spherical (6-17 μm), large spherical (18-25 μm), triangular (15-27 μm) and fusiform (10-26 μm) neurons. The small spherical cells have two dendritic patterns: “radiate” and “single.” The radiate pattern has a dorsoventral orientation, several secondary branches and few dendritic spines. These cells are usually located in the center of the central nucleus. The single pattern is oriented mediolaterally. This cell type is most often observed at the periphery of the central nucleus. These neurons have few secondary branches and dendritic spines. The large spherical neurons display two dendritic orientations: dorsoventral and mediolateral. All dendritic trees have numerous secondary branches and few dendritic spines. The triangular neurons exhibit primary dendrites projecting from the corners of the somata and have few secondary branches and dendritic spines.The fusiform neurons have a majority of their dendrites oriented mediolaterally, few secondary branches and a small number of dendritic spines.The laminar nucleus consists of several layers and three cell types: ovoid (9-15 μm), triangular (20-40 μm), and fusiform (20-40 μm). All neurons have few secondary dendritic branches and few dendritic spines. The dendrites of many neurons course perpendicularly to the long axis of the brainstem and encapsulate the central nucleus. Some ovoid and fusiform neurons display dendrites that enter the central nucleus.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690207
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 153
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the morphology and histochemistry of the foregut muscles of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 113-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the foregut muscles of five spider families (Theraphosidae, Agelenidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae) was described, and the individual fibre numbers and fibre cross diameters of the muscles were determined. The nomenclature of these muscles was reviewed and modified if necessary.Oxidative enzyme and myosin-ATPase histochemistry revealed eight dilatatory muscles of the foregut to consist of slow (type I) fibres, while fast fibres (type IIB), and intermediate fibres, were only to be found in the two other muscles of the foregut, and in the remaining prosomal muscles (type IIA fibres around the poison gland).The eight sucking muscles proper of the foregut also showed stronger activities of transmitter metabolizing enzymes [monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase(NAD)], and comparatively distinct amounts of glycogen and lipids.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 154
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study on the innervation of the gill filaments of a lamprey, Lampetra japonica (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 325-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper reports observations on the innervation of gill filaments of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica. Nerve fibers run on each side of the afferent filament artery (AFA nerve) and in the connective tissue compartment along the efferent filament artery (EFA nerve). The AFA nerve supplies vasomotor fibers to the afferent filament artery and arteriovenous anastomoses and special visceral motor fibers to branchial muscle fibers (musculus compressor branchialis circularis). Nerve endings of the vasomotor fibers contain large, cored vesicles (60-180 nm in diameter) with a variable number of small, clear vesicles (30-70 μm in diameter), whereas those of the visceral motor fibers have many small, clear vesicles with few large, cored vesicles. The EFA nerve supplies vasomotor fibers to the efferent filament artery. Their endings, containing mixtures of predominantly large, cored vesicles and small, clear vesicles make close synaptic contacts with reticular cells. The latter in turn are connected with each other or with smooth muscle cells in the wall of the efferent filament artery by nexuses. No nerves are found in the axial plate between the afferent and efferent filament arteries nor in the secondary lamellae of individual gill filaments. No afferent nerve supply to the gill filament has been found.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690306
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 155
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of soma and dendrites of the giant fiber system in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study, using the cobalt chloride technique, clarifies the origin of the giant axons in the cockroach, Periplaneta. Each giant axon in the ventral nerve cord arises from a single cell body located in the sixth abdominal ganglion. The position of the soma is always contralateral to the giant axon; it projects anteriorly. In six giant neurons, the axonic and dendritic branches are ipsilateral while the somata are contralateral. In two neurons, both the soma and the dendritic branches are ipsilateral while the axons are contralateral. The dendritic arborizations of the giant neurons form a dense and compact mass of neuropile in each half of the posterior and middorsal part of the ganglion where sensory fibers, primarily from the cercal nerves terminate. The relation of these findings to earlier electrophysiological studies is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 156
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700101
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 157
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limb regeneration following the discontinuation of growth hormone therapy in the hypophysectomized newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Untreated adult newts do not undergo normal limb regeneration following hypohysectomy. A fibrocellular dermal barrier (cicatrix) atypically forms between the apical epithelium and the underlying mesenchymal tissues. Historically, continuous administration of growth hormone or of prolactin in combination with thyroxine restored regenerative capacity to these newts. In a previous investigation, we demonstrated that the initial effect of these two hormone treatments, when administered on alternate days to hypophysectomized newts beginning eight days post-amputation, was to facilitate the erosion of the fibrocellular barrier and establish the epithelial mesenchymal interface that is observed in a regenerating limb.The present investigation was designed to evaluate the necessity of continuous hormone therapy to maintain limb regeneration in hypophysectomized newts. One, two, or three injections of growth hormone or of prolactin in combination with thyroxine was administered on successive alternate days to hypophysectomized newts either immediately following limb amputation (ID) or beginning eight days post-amputation (DD). The ID and DD newts receiving one, two, or three injections of growth hormone showed evidence of regeneration to the digitiform stage by day 30 post-amputation, while those receiving prolactin and thyroxine underwent wound healing. While both hormone treatments initially promoted a dermis-free apical epithelium, only hypophysectomized newts that had received growth hormone were able to continue regenerating.We have, therefore, concluded that discontinuous growth hormone therapy is sufficient to initiate and maintain the conducive environment for limb regeneration to advanced stages in the hypophysectomized newt. While initiating this process, prolactin and thyroxine therapy on a discontinuous regime does not maintain regeneration. The direct and indirect role of growth hormone in supporting limb regeneration in normal and hypophysectomized newts is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680307
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 158
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700301
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 159
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of the telencephalon in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 71-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoarchitectonics of the telencephalon of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, are described as a basis for experimental analysis of telencephalic afferents and efferents. The olfactory bulb comprises: (1) an outer layer of olfactory nerve fibers, (2) a glomerular layer, (3) an external cell layer, (4) an inner fiber layer, and (5) an internal cell layer. The telencephalic hemispheres comprise the areas ventralis and dorsalis telencephali. The area ventralis consists of: (1) a precommissural, periventricular zone including nucleus 'nother (Vn), the ventral nucleus (Vv), and the dorsal nucleus (Vd); (2) a precommissural, migrated zone of central (Vc) and lateral (VI) nuclei; (3) a supracommissural nucleus (Vs); (4) a caudal commissural zone of postcommissural (Vp) and intermediate (Vi) nuclei; and (5) a preoptic area (PP). The area dorsalis comprises: (1) medial (DM), (2) dorsal (Dd), (3) lateral [DL, containing dorsal (DLd), ventral (DLv), and posterior (DLp) regions], (4) posterior (DP), and (5) central (DC-1, -2, -3) areas. Nucleus taeniae (NT) is transitional between areas dorsalis and ventralis.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690107
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 160
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval morphology of the Nemertean Carcinonemertes epialti (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 61-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the newly hatched larva of Carcinonemertes epialti Coe has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The newly hatched larva is covered with cilia and measures about 110 μm in length. Four types of epidermal cells are recognizable: (1) Multiciliated cells, (2) vacuolated cells, (3) mucous cells, and (4) “knob cells”. The knob cells protrude from the posterior end of the larva and contain granules and bundles of microfilaments. The gut is incomplete and is located ventral to the bipartite proboscis. A bilobed brain and two subepidermal ocelli are found in the anterior end of the larva. The anterior and posterior cirri are composed of long, tightly appressed cilia that arise from an invagination of the epidermis at each end of the larva. The anterior cirrus is surrounded by two types of glandular cells. It is proposed that the knob cells have a role in larval attachment, combining the functions of the adhesive cells and anchor cells described in the duo-gland system of turbellarians. The cirri are believed to be larval sensory structures that function in substrate selection. Histological and ultrastructural observations suggest that the larvae of Carcinonemertes are relatively long lived and develop into juveniles without a drastic metamorphosis.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 161
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrates in the webs of Argiope spiders (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glycoproteins are present in the web of the orb-weaving spiders Argiope trifasciata and Argiope aurantia. Periodic acid-Schriff reactive glyco-proteins are confined in large part, to the sticky spiral and sticky spiral-radial junctions. Glycoproteins containing amino sugars appear associated with all fibers, especially the radial fibers. Enzymes may be used to remove glycoproteins selectively from the sticky spiral and stabilimentum.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690202
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 162
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the pineal organ in the salamander Ensatina eschscholtzi (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 191-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pineal organ of Ensatina eschscholtzi, a terrestrial and secretive species of salamander of the family Plethodontidae, is a photoreceptive structure lying on the dorsal surface of the diencephalon. The pineal is flattened with a broad lumen and consists of three cell types: photoreceptors, supportive cells, and neurons. Pineal photoreceptors are typical vertebrate photoreceptors and possess outer segment formations which, however, are frequently contorted and disorganized. Sloughing of apical portions of outer segments and vesiculation along the lateral edges of outer segment membrane disks are consistently observed and presumed to represent mechanisms of outer segment membrane recycling. Photoreceptors have basal processes which synapse with neural dendrites. Synapses between photoreceptor basal processes are occasionally observed. All synapses are characterized by synaptic ribbon structures of variable number, size, and configuration. Dense-core vesicles are occasionally observed mingled with clear synaptic vesicles within photoreceptor basal processes. Supportive cells within the pineal function in phagocytosis and recycling of shed outer segment membrane material, and neurons are localized at the lateral margins of the organ. The latter send axons into the ipsilateral side of the dorsal diencephalon. The pineal organ of Ensatina shows marked variation in overall size (cell total), cell type proportions, absolute neuron number, and ratio of photoreceptor number to neuron number for individual pineals. None of these morphological parameters is correlated with body size, sex, or season, and it is assumed that such variability represents significant variation in photosensory capabilities. It is suggested that the pineal organ of Ensatina is a partially degenerate photoreceptive structure.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690206
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 163
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690301
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 164
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of the influence of the ambient microflora on the structure of lung alveolar macrophages and an ultrastructural comparison of lung and peritoneal macrophages in germ-free and conventionally reared mice (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to investigate quantitatively and objectively the influence of the normal microbial flora on the ultrastructure of the alveolar macrophage, three groups of mice were studied stereologically: germ-free (GF), conventionally reared under non sterile isolation conditions (IC), and conventionally reared in an open environment (OC). The alveolar macrophages of GF mice possess a smaller mitochondrial compartment, possibly with fewer organelles, than the macrophages of conventional mice. Other influences of the normal microflora on alveolar macrophage substructure are obscured by the effects of nonmicrobial stimuli such as droplets of lung surfactant.No previous comparison exists of alveolar and peritoneal macrophage ultrastructure. Lung macrophages are larger than the phagocytes of the peritoneum, but the difference in size is much less than is commonly believed. Alveolar macrophages are rounder than peritoneal macrophages, and exhibit much less rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) as well as differences in mitochondrial morphometry. No difference in mitochondrial volume fraction exists between the two types of macrophage even though alveolar macrophages represent the extreme of aerobic adaptation in the mononuclear phagocyte system. Phagosomes occupy a significant fraction of cellular volume only in the alveolar macrophages. Moreover alveolar phagocytes contain fewer but larger lysosome-like granules than are found in peritoneal macrophages. The results represent the first objective, quantitative structural evidence confirming the common belief that alveolar macrophages experience greater physiological stimulation than peritoneal macrophages. The normal microflora accounts for only a small proportion of the differing degree of stimulation exerted on the two types of macrophage.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690304
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 165
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative analysis of the development of the lizard, Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. II. A series of normal postlaying stages in embryonic development (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 337-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this work, we have completed a study of the development of the ovoviviparous lizard Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. Ovoviviparity in this lizard is a condition in which eggs are retained within the reproductive duct for about 60 days. During this period the phases of segmentation, gastrulation, neurulation, presomitic, and somitic embryos transpire. During the months of December and January the eggs are laid, and at this time the embryos are comparable to stage 27 Liolaemus gravenhorsti lizard embryos, or to stage 29 Calotes versicolor lizard embryos. Differentiation of the facial region occurs between Days 12 and 42 after egg laying. Limbs develop rapidly between the 8th and 23rd days. By 53 days the appendicular skeleton is completely formed. After 36 days the mesonephros begins to degenerate, and its function is gradually taken over by the developing metanephros. Newborn lizards do not possess an egg caruncle. During the period up to hatching, there is a great increase of liquid within the egg, presumably amniotic fluid. Cracks develop in the leathery shell shortly before hatching and are, perhaps, the first sign of the onset of hatching. Increase of liquid in the egg during postlaying development accounts for its increase in weight and change in shape. Weight of the embryo at hatching does not exceed 32% of the total weight of the egg.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690307
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 166
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative cardiac anatomy of the reptilia. IV. The coronary arterial circulation (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 1-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The coronary arterial supply and associated structures have been examined and described for 29 species covering 11 reptilian families, with supplementary observations on other species. Variation in the origin, number, and configuration of coronary arterial vessels is mainly interfamilial and the same is true regarding the presence or absence of a gubernaculum cordis. It is suggested that the presence of a hitherto unrecognized intertruncal branch of the coronary artery has been responsible for much of the alleged intrafamilial variation reported in earlier literature. A general review of the cardiac blood supply and coronary arterial supply of other lower vertebrates is presented and used as a basis for interpreting phyletic and functional aspects of the reptilian conditions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 167
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemistry of lower vertebrate calcified structures. I. Enamel of the dogfish Squalus acanthius compared with mammalian enamel and homologous dentine (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 95-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The enameloid and dentine of Squalus acanthius have been compared histochemically with those of Bos taurus. Squalus enameloid is much less reactive to a variety of stains or reagents than dentine or bovine immature enamel but it does have positive reactions with picromethyl blue, Mallory's and Van Gieson's stains, and Alcian blue. It stains faintly with Biebrich scarlet, indicating some anionic groups. Specific reactions for tyrosine, tryptophane, lysine, histidine, arginine, and cysteine are negative. Bos immature enamel is positive for cationic, anionic, and aromatic reactive groups by all test procedures, and dentine was positive for the anionic components. Bovine maturing enamel, however, is more similar in terms of lack of reactivity to Squalus enameloid but differed because the bovine enamel was moderately positive for tyrosine; tryptophane, and anionic groups and negative with Mallory's picromethyl blue and Van Gieson's stains. A fibrous transitional area between Squalus dentine and enameloid has staining reactions characteristic of both collagen and keratins.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700107
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 168
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consequences of cell death after nitrogen mustard treatment on skeletal pelvic fin morphogenesis in the trout, Salmo gairdneri (Pisces, teleostei) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Five concentrations of nitrogen mustard (methyl-bis-chlorethylamine) have been administrated to different stages of development of trout embryos (Salmo gairdneri), in order to study their effect on the formation of both pelvic fins soft tissue and skeleton. Sensitivity of epidermis and mesoderm toward this cytotoxic agent has been assessed histologically. Although both components are sensitive to nitrogen mustard, mesoderm is more sensitive than epidermis. These results are compared with the results of similar studies on tetrapod limb buds. The pelvic fin skeleton of some treated animals was doubly stained in toto for cartilage and bone by Alcian blue and alizarin, followed by clearing. Other specimens were processed for histological serial sections. Analysis included comparison of the following parameters: (1) dose of nitrogen mustard, (2) stage of fin bud development at the time of treatment, (3) importance of necrosis in the fin bud, and (4) abnormalities of the endoskeleton of the fin (pelvic girdle and radials) and of the dermal skeleton (lepidotrichia and actinotrichia) one month after the hatching of control animals. Results suggest (1) that material of endoskeleton and lepidotrichia are laid down simultaneously, and (2) that differentiation of actinotrichia is independent of differentiation in endoskeleton and lepidotrichia.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 169
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 170
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental regeneration of the caudal skeleton of the glass knifefish, Eigenmannia virescens (Rhamphichthydae, Gymnotoidei) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 121-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the regeneration of the caudal axial skeleton after amputation of the tail, including about 20 vertebrae, in the gymnotoid fish Eigenmannia virescens. Seven days after amputation, a regeneration blastema developed and soft tissues degenerated. A cylinder of cartilage developed at the end of the notochord. When this cartilage was about 10 mm long (21 days), perichondral ossification began. The cartilage continued to elongate and ossification increased while osteoclasts began to destroy the cartilage ventrally. Finally, a bony rod formed and at its tip the cartilage persisted as a rod, 2 to 3 mm long. The anal fin also regenerated: Endoskeletal cartilage developed first, following by differentiation of the lepidotrichia, and finally ossification of the endoskeleton.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680202
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 171
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buoyancy adaptations in a swim-bladderless Antarctic fish (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The endemic Antarctic teleosts of the suborder Notothenioidei are bottom dwellers. They lack swim bladders, are heavier than seawater, and feed on or near the bottom. The midwaters surrounding the Antarctic continent are productive and underutilized by fishes. There is an evolutionary trend toward pelagism in some notothenioids. We discovered that the largest Antarctic fish, Dissostichus mawsoni, was neutrally buoyant. Attainment of neutral buoyancy was associated with specializations of the skeletal, integumentary, muscular, and digestive systems. The skeleton had a low mineral content and contained considerable cartilage. Scales were also incompletely mineralized. Static lift was obtained from extensive lipid (mostly triglyceride) deposits. A 2-8 mm subcutaneous lipid layer accounted for 4.7% of the body weight. White muscle also contained much lipid-23% on a dry weight basis, or 4.8% of the body weight. Microscopic examination suggested that the liver was active in lipid metabolism, although it was not an organ of buoyancy. Stellate (perisinusoidal) cells with many lipid droplets were a very prominent cytological component of the liver. These specializations made Dissostichus neutrally buoyant and capable of inhabiting the food-rich Antarctic midwaters.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 172
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP immunofluorescence with cytochemical patterns during dormancy release and development from gemmules in Spongilla lacustris L. (Porifera: Spongillidae) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 53-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The spongillid freshwater sponges asexually produce an encapsulated dormant stage, the gemmule. With release from dormancy, internal, yolk-laden, binucleate thesocytes differentiate into histoblasts or archeocytes. The histoblasts emerging first from the gemmule form the initial pinacoderm of the hatching sponge. Immunohistochemistry was employed to examine the distribution of cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) following dormancy release and during gemmule germination and hatching in the freshwater sponge, Spongilla lacustris L. Cyclic nucleotide fluorescence patterns were analyzed in relation to the distribution of cytochemically demonstrable macromolecular constituents and intracellular organelles. Twenty-four hours following temperature-activated release from dormancy, cGMP fluorescence levels are elevated in thesocytes at the gemmule periphery prior to histoblast formation. The cAMP fluorescence in the gemmule also occurs first in those thesocytes differentiating into histoblasts. Cytochemical patterns in germinating gemmules are comparable with those described by Ruthmann ('65) and Tessenow ('69). However, cytochemically demonstrable events of cytodifferentiation follow the earlier appearance of cGMP and cAMP in the histoblast precursors by approximately 12 hours. In addition, cGMP appears to be associated with the membranes of cytoplasmic organelles, possibly lysosomes or lipid inclusions, in the region of vitelline platelets and with symbiotic algae. cAMP is located primarily on the membranes of the vitelline platelets and on membranes of vacuoles involved in forming the spicular skeleton These observations suggest that cGMP and cAMP are involved in the mobilization of nutrient reserves and in ion transport during dormancy release and development from gemmules in freshwater sponges.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 173
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cranial nerves of the teleost Trichiurus lepturus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 119-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cranial nerves of the cutlassfish, Trichiurus lepturus, were described from their external brain origin to their most distal points. The nervus olfactorius, nervus opticus, nervus oculomotorius, nervus trochlearis, nervus abducens, nervus glossopharyngeus, and nervus vagus of Trichiurus are characteristic of teleosts. The cephalic autonomic nervous system also follows the general scheme for teleosts.Atypical patterns are exhibited by portions of the ramus mandibularis facialis, ramus mandibularis trigemini, nervus stato-acusticus, and nervus lineae later-alis. A cutaneous ramus mandibularis externus facialis arises from the ramus mandibularis; this cutaneous nerve has been recorded specifically in only certain siluroid catfish. A connection from the ramus mandibularis trigemini to the cutaneous ramus mandibularis externus facialis is present; an equivalent of this connection has been reported only in the silversides, Menidia, and the siluroid catfish Parasilurus. This nerve pattern probably represents an archaic arrangement. The nervus stato-acusticus of Trichiurus is typical for teleosts, except for a branch extending from the posterior part of the nerve; this branch sends connections to the nervus lineae lateralis and then exits the cranium via the vagus foramen. Connections between the nervus lineae lateralis and the nervus stato-acusticus have previously been reported in only the hatchetfish, Argyropelecus, and the bristle-mouth, Cyclothone. This condition may represent a specialized adaptation of certain mesopelagic teleosts having extreme vertical-migration capabilities.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670111
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 174
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670301
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 175
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological evidence for probable secreting site for the pheromone “seducin” in males of Nauphoeta cinerea. I. Light microscope studies (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Males of the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier), possess a thickened secretory epithelium limited to the inner surfaces of sternites three to seven and tergites two to eight. The epithelium consists of three cell types: 1. large columnar secretory cells, 2. squamous nonsecretory cells, and 3. duct cells. Type 1 cells constitute the innermost layer and contain large nuclei and vacuoles, which are especially prominent in the epidermis of older males. This cell type may be involved in “seducin” secretion. Type 2 cells lie in the narrow basophilic zone which separates the secretory cells from the cuticle. Here, cellular boundaries are poorly defined. Type 3 cells with condensed nuclei are associated with cuticular ductules leading from the epidermis to the exocuticle. The epidermal height in the secretory zone of the sclerites approaches 40-200 μm depending on the age of the male. The changes in appearance of the secretory cells (increase in height and vacuolation) indicate heightened secretory activity. This is supported by the results obtained when extracts of these regions from different aged males are bioassayed for pheromone (Dimeo et al., '78). A striking difference in the morphology of the cuticle and epidermis of the secretory halves of sternite and tergal integument is noticeable.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680209
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 176
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative analysis of mitotic gradients during early development in Calliphora erythrocephala Meig. (Diptera) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mitotic waves during superficial cleavage and early gastrulation were analyzed quantitatively in Calliphora. Three consecutive patterns are present: (1) a monotonic anterioposterior mitotic gradient during early superficial cleavage; (2) a double mitotic gradient from the anterior and posterior poles during superficial cleavage, especially toward the end of the period; and (3) more complicated patterns with intermediate mitotic centers during the last superficial cleavage division and during early gastrulation. Mitotic gradients are absent in many eggs during early superficial cleavage, but they then become ubiquitous. The gradients are longitudinal; no transverse component was detected before gastrulation. Anterior and posterior gradient patterns are not mirror images of each other; mitotic activity always starts earlier anteriorly. The gradients are accompanied by a pronounced increase in interphase length. The mitotic gradients are compared with the morphogenetic gradients predicted in a current model for pattern specification in insect eggs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680210
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 177
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital morphology in Varanus and Iguana (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Marked tendinous bands lie along the lateral sides of the fingers in Varanus and Iguana and have asymmetrical roots in the metacarpal region. The radial band of each finger represents the distal extension of an oblique band arising at an ulno-dorsally located line in the proximal part of the metacarpal, whereas the ulnar bands each form a tendinous extension of an interosseus muscle bundle. The function of this metacarpo-digital system must be seen in relation to the deformations of the hand, imposed during locomotion by longitudinal rotation of the forearm. The latter motion results from the foreward and backward sway of the humerus with the elbow bent at 90°.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680305
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 178
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microanatomy of the renal cortex in the domestic fowl (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two aspects of the avian renal cortical microanatomy previously were unclear. The precise in situ folding patterns and orientations of the nephrons with respect to the other cortical elements had not been demonstrated. It also was not known whether certain nephron segments are supplied exclusively by either the arterial or the portal blood flow. In the present study, a new casting compound was developed to allow selective examination of the cortical components by light microscopy. Cortical nephrons at the surface of the kidney were serially sectioned and reconstructed in order to determine: (a) their relationships to the vasculature and collecting ducts; (b) the location and characteristics of the tubule segments; and (c) the primary and secondary folding patterns of the tubules. The anatomical findings were documented individually and then summarized in a comprehensive diagram of the superficial cortical microanatomy. In addition, an in vivo method was used to determine the extent of portal blood distribution to the nephron segments. It was demonstrated that renal portal blood suffuses all of the segments except for the loops of Henle.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680302
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 179
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modified paranotal theory of insect wing origin (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The theory of Kukalova-Peck ('78) is examined and rejected except for the hypothesis of the partially pleural origin of wings. Data suggest that the arthropods ancestral to insects left the water, and that movable precursors of the wings, possibly exopodites, were immobilized and fused with the tergum to form part of the complex paranota. Later, during insect adaptation for flight, parts of the complex paranota were separated secondarily and became wings.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680309
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 180
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and metamorphosis of the digestive system of larval lobsters, Homarus americanus (Decapoda: Nephropidae) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 225-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study provides a detailed account of the development of the digestive system of larval lobsters (Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837) and the morphological changes that occur at metamorphosis. The most dramatic of these changes involves the gastric mill of the cardiac stomach. First-and second-stage lobsters lack the medial and lateral teeth characteristic of the grinding stomach of adult lobsters. Clearly recognizable, heavily cuticularized teeth first appear in the third stage, and accessory lateral teeth do not appear until the fourth stage. In place of the teeth of the gastric mill, first- and second-stage stomachs have a series of pads and ridges which are the apparent rudiments of the teeth. The development of the gastric mill during the larval stages enables lobsters to deal successfully with the more substantial food they encounter in the benthic environment, and corresponds to the drastic change of habitat and diet which occurs at metamorphosis.Confusion about the extent of the midgut and hindgut in larval lobsters has been clarified. The results of this study have shown that the larvae have a long midgut, which lacks a cuticle, and a short hindgut with a cuticular lining, just as in adult lobsters. The junction between midgut and hindgut lies in the sixth abdominal segment in all of the first four stages, as well as in the adult.
    Additional Material: 56 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 181
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the embryonic stages of the viviparous scorpion, Heterometrus fulvipes: A photographic study (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The embryonic development of the viviparous scorpion, Heterometrus fulvipes, has been followed throughout the gestation period and the successive stages of the developing embryos have been examined. The morphological features of the embryos are also described and illustrated according to their approximate age.
    Additional Material: 31 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690303
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 182
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Descriptive and functional anatomy of the digital vascular system of the tokay, Gekko gecko (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 293-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The vascular system of the digits of the tokay is more complex than has hitherto been suspected and has a configuration which suggests it is intimately involved in the process of adhesion. Distinction can be made between lamellae (expanded scales beneath the proximal portion of the digit) and scansors (elaborations of lamellae that contain a large amount of subdermal material and therefore do not technically qualify as scales). Such a distinction is made on anatomical grounds and can be appreciated only if anatomical investigation is carried out. There are no externally obvious features by which lamellae and scansors can be distinguished, except position. Scansors are found beneath hyperextensible phalanges, whereas lamellae are located more proximally and are not subjected to digital hyperextension during locomotion. Whether this distinction can be applied to other pad-bearing geckos and to anoline lizards remains to be seen.The large sinus beneath the penultimate phalanx appears to govern the pressure within the system; the reticular blood systems of the scansors appear to manifest the pressure changes with respect to the locomotor substratum. Changes in pressure within the system probably permit the overlapping scansors to comply precisely with each other and with the substratum. The presence of a system based on fluid pressure differentials means that scansors are deformable along multiple axes at any one time, thus permitting a high degree of compliance with their entire surroundings. It is probable that changes in pressure within the system promote release from the substratum as well as compliance with and attachment to it. The mechanism of control of the system awaits further investigation.The pattern of the digital vascular complex has been considered in relation to the mode of operation of the digits during locomotion. Distal drainage of the sinus is ideally suited to the activity of hyperextension of the digits. This combination permits sequential pressurizing and depressurizing of the scansors and allows the bond to be created or broken in a gradual fashion rather than in an all-or-none manner. By avoiding sudden shifts in the pattern of dynamic loading (the bond is not broken instantaneously but sequentially), the risk of transverse instability during locomotion is lessened. The increase of loading on the other feet is thus gradual. The importance of this is discussed more fully elsewhere in a consideration of the structure and function of scansors. That the digits of the tokay are hyperextended during horizontal as well as vertical locomotion (Russell, '75, p. 463) can now be rationalized not only from the point of view of protection of the setae but also because of the manner in which the vascular system of the digits functions and is drained.
    Additional Material: 42 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690305
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 183
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinal afferents and efferents of an infrared sensitive snake, Crotalus viridis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 29-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The retinal afferents and efferents were examined in Crotalus viridis. Retinofugal fibers were traced by injecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or tritiated leucine into the eye, or by removing the eye and staining degenerating axons with silver methods. Terminations were seen contralaterally in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei (extensive), the pretectal nuclei, including the nucleus posterodorsalis (a very heavy input), the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, nucleus geniculatus pretectalis, and nucleus pretectalis, the superficial layers of the optic tectum, including the stratum zonale, the stratum opticum, the stratum griseum et fibrosum centrale and the upper portion of stratum griseum centrale, and the basal optic nucleus. Ipsilateral input reaches the intermediate portion of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, a small portion of the pretectal nucleus and nucleus posterodorsalis, and the basal optic nucleus (very minimally). Retinopedal fibers were traced with the HRP method. The cell bodies lie in the ventral thalamus within the nucleus of the ventral supraoptic decussation. These neurons project primarily to the contralateral retina, but some more rostrally located neurons project to the ipsilateral retina.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700103
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 184
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of mesenchyme in the developing hind limb of Rana pipiens larvae with implications for neural development (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mesenchyme in the hind limbs of Rana pipiens tadpoles may serve as an important influence on the development of specific neural structures involved in limb innervation. Thus a histological quantification of mesenchyme was undertaken to identify landmark stages with respect to mesenchyme presence and neural events. Mesenchyme remained as a high percentage of the limb tissue until stage V (Taylor-Kollros stages, '46), after which it declined dramatically until its virtual absence after stage XI. The volume of mesenchyme, however, was greatest at stages VIII-IX. Periods of high and low mesenchyme content were correlated in time with potential limb involvement in regulating limb innervation and motor neuron loss from the lateral motor columns. This provides additional evidence for developmental relationships between events of the limb and neural tissues.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690210
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 185
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial circulation of the spinal cord and brain in the monodontidae (Order cetacea) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this paper we document retial supply of the spinal cord and describe the arterial vascular pattern of the brain in the whale family Monodontidae. Observations are based on gross dissections of four brains, two each of Monodon monoceros and Delphinapterus leucas, and one spinal cord from M. monoceros.Vessels of the spinal cord arise from extradural retia in the neural canal. Arteries originating from the retia penetrate the dura between successive spinal roots (mainly ventral) and not in association with them, unlike radicular arteries of other mammals. Also, these vessels are uniformly distributed and contribute equally to a plexus surrounding the cord. An A. radicularis magna is not present, and neither are dìstinct anterior or posterior spinal arteries.Circulation to the brain is effected by two pairs of arteries originating from intracranial retia. The rostral pair supplies most of the forebrain (prosencephalon), whereas the more caudal pair supplies mainly the midbrain (mesencephalon) and hindbrain (rhombencephalon). The circulatory pattern is characterized by (1) complete independece of anterior cerebral arteries (no anastomoses); (2) extensive cortical supply by the anterior choroidal arteries; (3) absence of subdural communicating vessels between rostral and caudal trunks; (4) union of caudal trunks to form a small basilar artery; and (5) absence of vertebral arteries and hence of a vertebral basilar system. There are some obvious differences between subdural arteries in the Monodontidae and those in other mammals; however, their general patterns of distribution are similar, and we suggest that most of the vessels, at least in the cranium, are homologous.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700204
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 186
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mandibular movement and muscle activity during mastication in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 147-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Optoelectronic analysis of mandibular movement and electromyography (EMG) of masticatory muscles in Cavia porcellus indicate bilateral, unilateral, and gnawing cycles. During bilateral and unilateral cycles, the mandibular tip moves forward, lateral, and down during the lingual phase of the power stroke to bring the teeth into occlusion. EMG activity is generally asymmetric, with the exception of activity of the temporalis muscle during bilateral cycles. During gnawing cycles, the mandible moves in an anteroposterior direction that is opposite that during bilateral and unilateral chew cycles. Bilateral and unilateral cycles of pellets were significantly longer than carrot. With the exception of the width of bilateral cycles, the magnitude of cycle width, length, and height during the mastication of carrots was greater than that during the mastication of pellets. Significant differences exist between EMG durations during mastication of pellets and carrots. The lateral pterygoid displays continuous activity during gnawing cycles. Significant differences also exist in the durations of EMG activity between the working and balancing side during all three cycle types. High level activity of balancing side temporalis and anterior belly of digastric (ABD) during bilateral cycles occurs during rotation and depression of the mandible during the power stroke. The temporalis apparently provides a „braking“ or compensatory role during closing and power strokes. Differences between Cavia masticatory patterns and those shown by Rattus and Mesocricetus are apparently due to differences in dental morphology, occlusal relationships, and, possibly, the poorly developed temporalis in Cavia. The large number and wide diversity of rodent groups afford students of mammalian mastication an opportunity to investigate and compare different masticatory specializations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700203
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 187
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scanning electron microscopic study of the molar surfaces of the mandibles of the brine shrimp (Cl. Branchiopoda: O. Anostraca) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the external morphology of the molar surface of the mandibles of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Unlike many other branchiopod crustaceans, Artemia has symmetrical mandibles, ie, the molar surfaces of the two mandibles of an individual are similar in size and surface structure. Each molar area has three basic regions: the anterio-ventral region, posterio-dorsal region, and transition zone. On the anterio-ventral region there are complex, parallel furrows and ridges, which are specializations for clasping masses of fine, particulate food. The general surface of this ridged area is flat, except at the ventral and anterior edges, where there is a fringe of long projections that probably serve to retain food in the space between the paired mandibles. The posterio-dorsal region, which has simpler, more sparse cuticular projections, is adapted for reception of food. Stereomicrographs reveal that the general surface of this region is sloped and thus forms a cleft along the posterio-dorsal margin of the two apposed molar surfaces. Anatomical relstionships suggest that the cleft is an adaptation for accommodating maxillular setae that push food forward onto the mandibles. The transition zone has cuticular specializations that are morphologically intermediate between those of the anterio-ventral and posterio-dorsal regions. Three types of pores, possibly openings of glands or sensilla, were observed in the cuticle of the molar surface.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700209
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 188
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological features of sessile and circulating hemocytes in the cephalon of Gammarus setosus dementieva (Crustacea: Amphipoda) by light and electron microscopy (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 253-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An aggregation of sessile spherulocytes in the cephalon of female Gammarus setosus surrounds the ramifications of the dorsal aorta and the peripheral ganglion of the frontal organ nerve. It is not a hemopoietic organ. The spherulocytes are of three distinct varieties that may represent phases of a secretory cycle possibly synchronized with molting or reproduction. In addition, four other hemocyte types were identified in the cephalic blood sinuses: prohemocyte, plasmatocyte, granulocyte, and adipohemocyte. The cellular and nuclear dimensions of these hemocytes were analyzed. They were shown to be uniform in cell size with average cell area of 69.27 μm2, and average maximum cell diameter of 11.75 μm. The mean nuclear area and mean maximum nuclear diameter of the prohemocyte are significantly larger than those of the other cell types. The structure of the hemocyte types is described and compared to those of other crustaceans and insects.
    Additional Material: 35 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700210
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 189
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of spermatogenesis in the nudibranch mollusc Spurilla neapolitana (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 283-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructural features of spermatogenesis were investigated in the nudibranch mollusc Spurilla neapolitana. Sperm develop in the proximal half of numerous sac-like acini which are radially arranged within about ten ovotestis lobes. Accessory cells line the inner wall of the testicular portion of each acinus and are connected to developing sperm by numerous desmosomes. Stages of spermatid development have been divided into precup, cup, postcup, and elogate stages depending on the general shape of the nucleus. Nuclear differentiation includes the formation of anterior and posterior nuclear plaques, condensation of chromatin fibrils into nuclear lamellae, the insertion of the developing flagellar axoneme into a shallow, nuclear implantation fossa, and eventual formation of an elongated sperm head with a terminal twist. Spermiogenesis also includes the differentiation of an anterior, perinuclear structure having the characteristics of an acrosome, the appearance of peculiar arrays of ER cisternae, and the fusion of mitochondria into a large mitochondrial derivative which eventually encircles the axoneme, forming a crystalline-like periaxonemal sheath.
    Additional Material: 47 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700303
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 190
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foot of two-toed sloths: Its anatomy and potential uses relative to size of support (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 357-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Feet of two-toed sloths (Choloepus) are long, narrow, hook-like appendages with only three functional digits, numbers II, III, and IV; Rays I and V are represented by metatarsals. Proximal phalanges of complete digits are little more than proximal and distal articulating surfaces. All interphalangeal joints are restricted, by interlocking surfaces, to flexion and extension. Ankle and transverse tarsal joints, however, allow extreme flexion and inversion of foot. Powerful digital flexion is augmented by several muscles from extensor compartment of leg. Intrinsic foot musculature is reduced to flexors and extensors but these, with the exception of lumbricals, are large and well developed. Choloepus uses its feet much like hooks with distal phalanges and covering claws forming the “hook” element. These hook-like appendages are seemingly best suited for supports less than 50 mm in diameter suggesting that two-toed sloths may prefer supports of this size in their natural habitat.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700307
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 191
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The organization and structure of nerve and muscle in the jellyfish Cyanea capillata (coelenterata; scyphozoa) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 383-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The perirhopalial tissue and swimming muscle of Cyanea were examined with light microscopical and electron microscopical techniques. The perirhopalial tissue is a thin, triangular septum found on the subumbrellar surface of the animal. It separates part of the gastric canal system from the surrounding seawater, and is bound on two sides by radial muscle bands and on the third, the shorter side, by a rhopalium and the margin of the bell.The ectoderm of the perirhopalial tissue is composed of large, somewhat cuboidal, vacuolated, myoepithelial cells. The muscle tails of these cells form a single layer of radial, smooth muscle. Neurons of the “giant fiber nerve net” (GFNN), which form an extensive net over the perirhopalial tissue, lie at the base of the vacuolated portion of the myoepithelial cells. These neurons are visible in living tissue. The morphology of individual GFNN neurons was examined following intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow. The neurons are usually bipolar and free of branches. At the electron microscope level, one usually finds that the GFNN neurons contain large vacuoles. The other characteristic feature of these cells is that they form symmetrical, or nonpolarized, synapses; that is, synaptic vesicles are found on both sides of the synapse.The swimming muscle is striated and composed of myoepithelial cells. Each myoepithelial cell has several muscle tails, and those of adjacent cells are linked to gether by desmosomes. The endoderm of the perirhopalial tissue also was examined.This investigation of the organization and ultrastructure of the perirhopalial tissue and surrounding muscle was undertaken to provide essential background information for an ongoing physiological study of the GFNN neurons and their synapses.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700309
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 192
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of temperature sensitive stages for sexual differentiation of the gonads in embryos of the turtle, Emys orbicularis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 373-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to determine the temperature sensitive stages for sexual differentiation of the gonads in Emys orbicularis, eggs of this turtle were shifted at different stages of embryonic development from the male-producing temperature of 25°C to the female-producing temperature of 30°C and reciprocally. Based on the series of developmental stages described by Yntema (′68) for Chelydra serpentina, temperature begins to influence sexual differentiation of Emys orbicularis at stage 16, a stage in which the gonads are still histologically undifferentiated. Its action lasts over the first steps of histological differentiation of the gonads. The minimal exposure at 25°C required for male differentiation of all individuals extends from stage 16 to somewhat before stage 21. For 100% female differentiation, incubation at 30°C must be longer, from stage 16 to somewhat before stage 22. Shorter exposures at 25°C or 30°C during these periods result in different percentages of males, females, and intersexes. Our results show that there is a critical stage (stage 16) which is the same for both male and female differentiation of the gonads. The thermosensensitive periods are rather long, corresponding to 11-12 days at 25°C and 30°C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 193
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 271-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700211
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 194
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the heart of the marine mussel, Geukensia demissa (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 301-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of the heart of Geukensia demissa, a common object of physiological and biochemical investigation, is described by scanning, transmission and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. A single-cell epithelial layer covers the ventricle, but an endothelium is lacking. Myofibers are small (6-7 μm diam.), mononucleate, and tapered. Glycogen is concentrated peripherally. Mitochondria are particularly concentrated under the sarcolemma, near the ends of the nucleus, and in rows between bundles of myofilaments. The myofilaments (6-8nm thin, 30-35 nm thick filament diam.) are loosely arranged into sarcomeres (2-4 μm) by Z bodies. Many of these Z bodies interconnect, and some anchor to the sarcolemma forming attachment plaques. Cells are joined by intercalated discs consisting of fascia adherentes, spot desmosomes, and gap junctions. The gap junctions include intramembrane particles. T tubules are absent. The sarcolemma is coupled to the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR) over 357ndash;40% of the cell surface. Tubules extend from the JSR deep into and throughout the cell as an irregularly dispersed network. The SR occupies 1% of the cell volume. A few, small (0.1-1.0 μm) unmyelinated nerves are present, but no neuromuscular junctions were seen. The auricles have fewer and smaller myocytes than the ventricle. The auricles also contain podocytes with pedicels having 20-35 nm slits and containing sieve-like projections. The morphology of the Geukensia heart is similar to that of other bivalves.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700304
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 195
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 401-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700310
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 196
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of bone strain on cortical bone structure in macaques (Macaca mulatta) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: It has recently been shown that the consistency of food significantly affects levels of bone strain in the mandible during mastication (Hylander, '79a). Mandibular bone histology was examined to test the effects of a diet of hard food compared to a diet of soft food in two group of monkeys. One group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was fed a diet of commercially prepared hard biscuits. The second group was fed a soft diet the consistency of fudge. Both diets were nutritionally adequate for normal growth and development. As a control for other factors influencing cortical bone structure, fibular morphology was also examined. At the end of the test period, mandibular and fibular tissue samples from the two groups were prepared to determine the amount of secondary Haversian bone present. Mandibular depth at M2 and fibular anteroposterior diameter were also measured and compared between the two dietary groups.The soft-diet monkeys showed low levels of remodeling in their mandibles. There were large patches of unremodeled bone and resorption spaces were common. The hard-diet monkeys exhibited more extensive evidence of secondary Haversian remodeling in their mandibles. The hard-diet monkeys also had deeper mandibles. In contrast, the fibulae from the two groups had similar mean diameters and showed comparable levels of secondary remodeling. We infer that the higher mandibular bone remodeling levels in the hard-diet monkeys represent an adaptive response to remove and replace fatigued mandibular bone due to higher stress levels associated with the ingestion and mastication of hard foods. We also infer that greater depth of the mandible at M2 found in the harddiet group represents an adaptive response to higher stress levels associated with the ingestion and mastication of hard foods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the supporting cells in the chemoreceptor areas of the tentacles of Pomatias elegans (Müller) (mollusca, prosobranchia) and the ommatophore of Helix pomatia L. (Mollusca, Pulmonata) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 167 (1981), S. 211-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the supporting cells in the chemoreceptor areas of the tentacles of Pomatias elegans and Helix pomatia is very similar. Complex apical structures are present, and the lateral plasma membrane exhibits three zones: (1) a zone of slight interdigitations; (2) a zone characterized by longitudinal plicae; (3) a zone of basal radiculae. The portions of the sensory cells located within the epithelial layer are accommodated in longitudinal grooves in the supporting cells. However, there are also differences. In Pomatias elegans the apical surface is differentiated into long microvilli that are sometimes dichotomously branched and invested by a surface coat along their entire length. Cytofilia and cilia of the sensory cells pass through this layer of microvilli and surface coat throughout its entire width. In Helix pomatia the supporting cells are somewhat smaller and the apical differentiation consists of candelabra-like protrusions, which are usually three times dichotomously branched. The final branchings, corresponding to microvilli, are called terminal twigs. They are covered by a surface coat, which forms a feltwork. The cytofilia and cilia of the sensory cells that intertwine among the protrusions are confined to the space below the terminal twigs, where they compose the spongy layer.
    Additional Material: 41 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051670206
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autonomic innervation of salivary glands in the armadillo, anteater, and sloth (Edentata) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The intraglandular distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers was studied histochemically in the parotid, mandibular, and sublingual glands of six species of edentates belonging to the three families that comprise the order; namely, the Dasypodidae (armadillos), the Myrmecophagidae (anteaters), and the Bradipodidae (sloths). The following histochemical techniques were used: (a) acetylcholinesterase reaction for the demonstration of cholinergic fibers; (b) formaldehyde- and glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence for the demonstration of adrenergic fibers. In addition, norepinephrine (NE) was assayed fluorimetrically in the mandibular and parotid glands of the armadillo. A network of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers surrounds the intra- and interlobular ducts and endpieces of all glands; it is of low density in the mandibular and sublingual gland of the sloth, of high density in the sublingual gland of the anteater and of moderate density in the remaining glands. A vascular cholinergic innervation occurs in all salivary glands. Although present around the vessels, adrenergic new fibers were virtually absent from the parenchyma of all glands, even after in vitro incubation of glandular tissue with NE, or after administration of NE to armadillos previously treated with a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Consistent with this fact, the amount of NE present in the parotid and mandibular gland of the armadillo was extremely low. These findings may indicate that the salivary secretion in the edentates is regulated by the parasympathetic rather than by the sympathetic nervous system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680204
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and functional aspects of the scotopic compound eye of the sugarcane borer moth (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Morphology and functional aspects of the scotopic compound eye of the moth Diatraea saccharalis, studied using light and electron microscopy, is presented. An ommatidium is composed of a laminate corneal lens, four Semper cells, a refractive cone, two primary pigment cells, six screening pigment cells, a crystalline tract that functions as an optical waveguide, and six to eight sensory retinular cells. Accessory light regulators consist of screening pigment cells that, in the dark-adapted position, increase receptor sensitivity by permitting light rays to cross over to adjacent ommatidia and specialized tracheal regions that enhance sensitivity by reflecting light back toward sensory receptors.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...