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  • Articles  (34)
  • Coleoptera  (18)
  • Development  (16)
  • Springer  (34)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1980-1984  (34)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 1981  (34)
  • Biology  (34)
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  • Articles  (34)
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  • Springer  (34)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1980-1984  (34)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecdysteroids during pupal development of female Xyleborus ferrugineus (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Xyleborus ferrugineus ; pupae ; ecdysteroids ; pharate adult ; radioimmunoassay ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Ecdysteroidtiter weiblicher Puppen von Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) wurde geschätzt, indem ganze Tiere homogenisiert und radioimmunologisch untersucht wurden. Ein ausgeprägtes Maximum an Ecdysteroiden wurde bei 36 Stunden Puppenent-wicklung beobachtet (743 pg/mg Körpergewicht). Der Titer nahm ab auf 299 pg/mg im Pharatstadium und auf 193 pg/mg unmittelbar vor Schlüpfen der Adulten. Qualitative Studien mit HPLC ergaben in frischen Puppen ein Verhältnis von 3:1 Ecdyson zu 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Pharatstadien enthielten vor allem 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Das beobachtete einzige Maximum im Titer stimmt überein mit den Resultaten bei andern untersuchten Coleopteren.
    Notes: Abstract Ecdysteroid titers were estimated on the whole body homogenates of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) female pupae during development by radioimmunoassay. A distinct peak of ecdysteroids was observed at 36-hr pupal development (743 pg/mg body wt). Titer declined to 299 pg/mg by the pharate adult stage and to 193 pg/mg body wt just before adult emergence. Qualitative studies by HPLC revealed a ratio of 3:1 ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone in the initial pupal stage. Pharate adults had mainly 20-hydroxyecdysone. The observed single peak in ecdysteroid titer agrees with findings in other studied coleopteran species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300880
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopical investigations of the intercellular contacts during the early cleavage stages ofLymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca, Gastropoda) (1981)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 190 (1981), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Mollusca ; Cleavage ; Junctions ; Interaction ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In early cleavage stages ofLymnaea stagnalis, three kinds of intercellular junctions could be distinguished up to the sixth cleavage: intermediate, septate and gap junctions. The first two form “junctional belts” located on the cell border at the periphery of the embryo. For the purpose of our study we were most interested in gap junctions as they are alleged to be structures that allow cell-to-cell communication. Gap junctions first appear at the four cell stage. Up to the sixth cleavage no difference in the distribution pattern could be found between and within each of the four quadrants of the embryo. Some of the cell tiers along the animal-vegetal axis lack gap junctions either between the blastomeres within the tier or between the blastomeres from adjacent tiers. All gap junctions observed in freeze fracture replicas show plaques with an irregular IMP pattern. The average IMP diameter measures 12 nm (SD±2 nm). In stages fixed after the fifth cleavage, gap junctions are found between micromeres at the animal pole and the central 3D macromere. This is in agreement with the presumed interaction between these cells at this stage. The possibility of a transition of non-functional into functional gap junctions after the fifth cleavage is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Major haemolymph proteins inCeratitis capitata: Biosynthesis and secretion during development (1981)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 190 (1981), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Ceratitis capitata ; Major haemolymph proteins ; Development ; Fat body ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The accumulation of major haemolymph proteins (a group of proteins immunologically related to Calliphorin) their biosynthesis in vivo and in organ culture as well as their secretion, has been studied during the late larval stages and white pupae of the Mediterranean fruit flyCeratitis capitata. The accumulation of major haemolymph proteins in the haemolymph, shows a twenty fold increase from the 4-day old larvae to the white pupae stage, while in the fat body there is only a seven fold increase. It is evident from the in vivo and organ culture studies, that the major haemolymph proteins are synthesized during the late larval stage and their synthesis declines abruptly during the stage of white pupae. It seems also that each polypeptide has its own characteristic developmental kinetics of synthesis. The major haemolymph proteins are synthesized in the fat body and are very quickly secreted into the haemolymph.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00868701
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viability of Rhizobium leguminosarum endosymbionts in different stages of development (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; Bacteroids ; Viability ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Viability of Rhizobium leguminosarum bacteroids isolated from Pisum sativum was determined after sucrose gradient centrifugation of the bacteroids resulting in separation according to developmental stage. The results suggest that past a critical stage of development bacteroids lose viability. Similar experiments with R. japonicum bacteroids having a lower degree of morphological differentiation showed an appreciably higher viability in all gradient fractions. The results support the hypothesis that bacteroid morphology and viability is dependent on the nature of—and length of exposure to—the host plant cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406460
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect feeding and oviposition deterrents from western red cedar foliage (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect feeding deterrents ; antifeedants ; Pissodes strobi Peck ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Thuja plicata Donn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The feeding deterrent activity of fractions from the foliage of western red cedar,Thujaplicata Donn, was studied in laboratory bioassays using the white pine weevil,Pissodes strobi Peck, as a test insect. The most active fraction was the volatile mixture that comprises the leaf oil of this tree species. Further fractionation of the leaf oil indicated feeding deterrent activity in the monoterpene hydrocarbon, thujone, and terpene alcohol fractions. When tested alone, both (−)-3-isothujone and (+)-3-thujone, which made up 75–88% and 5–10% of the leaf oil, respectively, deterred feeding by the weevils. Western red cedar leaf oil also showed antifeedant activity with the alder flea beetle,Altica ambiens (Le Conte), and served as an oviposition deterrent for the onion root maggot,Hylemya antiqua Meigen. The leaf oil, however, had no inhibitory effect on the feeding of the leaf roller,Epinotia solandriana L., and the red-backed sawfly,Eriocampa ovata L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988634
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occluding junctions of mouse duodenal enterocytes during development (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 65-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Freeze-fracture ; Occluding junctions ; Enterocytes ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The architecture of occluding junctions during the differentiation of the mouse duodenum was studied in freeze-fractured material. Irregular zonulae occludentes (ZO) (Type I) are numerous during fetal life, and are characterized by their irregular width, and by the presence of basal open-ended extensions fused with the discontinuous basal strand of the ZO. Regular ZOs (Type II), typical of the adult villous epithelium, appear after Type I junctions by day 16 of gestation. Two patterns are distinguishable: in the first, parallel strands of ridges and furrows are found without crossing branches; in the second pattern, the junction zone is organized like a network of short branches forming various types of polygons. In fetal and adult mice fasciae occludentes (FO) (Type III) are present on the lateral cell membranes; in unfixed specimens particles are found in the furrows of the E-face and pits on the ridges of the P-face. In fixed tissues, the particles are aligned on the ridges of the P-face. These results indicate that fixation with glutaraldehyde modifies considerably the affinity of junctional particles toward the P-face during the fracture process. Moreover, the presence of numerous large FOs on the lateral cell membranes of enterocytes during late fetal life and in the adult, is possibly related to cell movement along the intestinal villi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233827
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    A Golgi-electron-microscopical study of the structure and development of the lamina ganglionaris of the locust optic lobe (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 377-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lamina ganglionaris ; Locust ; Neurons ; Development ; Light and electron microscopy ; Golgi study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gross structure as well as the neuronal and non-neuronal components of the lamina ganglionaris of the locust Schistocerca gregaria are described on the basis of light- and electron-microscopical preparations of Golgj (selective silver) and ordinary histological preparations. The array of optic cartridges within the lamina neuropile — their order and arrangement — and the composition of the cartridges are described. There are six types of monopolar neurons: three whose branches reach to other cartridges and three whose branches are confined to their own cartridges. Retinula axons terminate either in the lamina or the medulla neuropiles. There are three types of centrifugal neurons, two types of horizontal neuron, as well as glia and trachea in the lamina neuropile. The development of the lamina neuropile is described in terms of developing monopolar and centrifugal axons, growing retinula fibres, and composition of the developing optic cartridges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233626
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-storing cells in the adrenal medulla of the pre- and postnatal rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 155-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal medulla ; Development ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Small granule cells ; Ultramorphology ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the rat adrenal medulla was studied at the ultrastructural level with particular emphasis placed on early discrimination of different catecholamine-storing cells. The first granule-containing cells, phaeochromoblasts, were seen at day 15 of gestation migrating into the anlage of the cortex. These cells were characterized by a few small granules (80–120 nm in diameter) and a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. Presumably due to differentiation into chromaffin cells, they were no longer present after the eighth postnatal day. Maturation of phaeochromoblasts was indicated by an increase in number and size of their storage granules and a decrease in the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. Noradrenaline and adrenaline cell types were first clearly discernible at day 21 of gestation. Another cell type, a giant cell, was also recognized at this stage. In the adult animal, noradrenaline, two morphologically different types of adrenaline, and small granule-containing cells were observed. By applying acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, it was found that at day 17 of gestation a small population of granule-storing cells showed strong positive staining in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the adult animal this cell type was further characterized by small-storage granules. Other chromaffin cells began to show weak staining within the endoplasmic reticulum at day 19 of gestation. This staining appeared more frequently within adrenaline than noradrenaline cells. However, even in the adult animal many cells of both types were completely negative. It is concluded that acetylcholinesterase histochemistry is a useful method for early discrimination of small granule-containing cells in the developing rat adrenal medulla.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233834
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postembryonic development of the antennal lobes in Periplaneta americana L. (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 563-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antennal lobes ; Development ; Sexual dimorphism ; Periplaneta americana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The postembryonic development of the antennal lobes of Periplaneta americana L. was examined with light- and electron-microscopical methods. There is no difference in the number of glomeruli and neurons in the antennal lobes of larval and adult animals. At hatching, the first larva already possesses the adult number of approximately 125 glomeruli and 500 to 560 deutocerebral neurons in the dorsolateral cell group of each antennal lobe. During postembryonic development the volume of the deutocerebral neurons increases three- to fourfold. The glomeruli of the first larva have about 7 % of the volume of the corresponding adult glomeruli. Since number, pattern, and size ratio of glomeruli (with the exception of the macroglomerulus) are constant in all larval stages and adult animals, it is possible to identify individual glomeruli. During the whole postembryonic development the ordinary glomeruli show a continuous volume increase, which parallels the increase in antennal sensory input. The macroglomerulus develops by way of special growth of two to four neuropil units, but not before the last three to four larval stages and only in males. Its growth precedes the formation of antennal pheromone receptors during the final molt; these receptors are known to project into the macroglomerulus. The development of the macroglomerulus in the last larval stages of the male may be caused by a genetically fixed growth program of specific deutocerebral neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233532
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Development and ageing of etioplast structures in dark grown leaves ofAvena sativa (L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 108 (1981), S. 83-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Development ; Etioplast ; Prolamellar body ; Protochlorophyll ; Saponin ; Thylakoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Etioplasts of dark grown plants contain a large paracrystalline prolamellar body (PLB) and, attached to this there are prothylakoid membranes (PTs). PLB-tubules inAvena are composed mainly of two saponins and include only a low percentage of other lipids, protochlorophyll(ide) and proteins. Following the development of etioplasts in darkness from the very beginning until plants loose turgescence one can observe marked changes in ultrastructure. In the early stage of development predominantly PTs are seen in small etioplasts. Wide-type PLBs are small. After eight days there is a well developed stage with the well-known big and highly crystalline PLBs, which are connected to many long PT-membranes. After 13 days the PLBs are not significantly changed, while number and length of PTs are strongly reduced. These morphological observations are quantified by measurements of PLB-area and PT-length per plastid section. Saponin content as a marker for PLB-tubules and protochlorophyll(ide)-content as a marker for PT-membranes were measured. Both methods of determination show in good agreement a peak of development for PTs around day 6–7, and for PLBs around 9–10. Beginning senescence affects PT-membranes and PChl(ide) strongly, while saponins resp. PLBs persist better. These results are presented in view of thylakoid formation during greening, starting from the different etioplast stages.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276885
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  • 11
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    Calcium oxalate crystals inOpuntia ficusindica (L.) mill.: Development and relation to mucilage cells — A stereological analysis (1981)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 109 (1981), S. 271-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Calcium-oxalate crystals ; Development ; Mucilage ; Opuntia ficus-indica ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the succulent tissue ofOpuntia ficusindica development of calcium oxalate crystals was followed from the shoot apex to its base, using stereological analysis. The stereological parameters relating to the crystal cells were compared with those of mucilage cells, of the same tissue. A fairly monotonic relation between the stereological parameters of the two populations was noted. The possible physiological relation between the two cell populations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287447
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Anomalous sex-related inheritance of oviposition rate inCallosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 11 (1981), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Bruchidae ; Callosobruchus ; Coleoptera ; nonadditive inheritance ; oviposition behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract As a result of different feeding regimens, two laboratory populations of the beetleCallosobruchus maculatus Fab. developed different rates of oviposition. The behavior of the F1 hybrids cannot be explained with an additive model of inheritance. The unusual pattern of inheritance suggests a sex-related factor(s) and a two-factor interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065625
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Japanese beetle ; Popillia japonica ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; sex attractant ; survey lure ; phenethyl propionate ; eugenol ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A combination of the synthetic sex attractant (R,Z)-5-(1-decenyl) dihydro-2(3H)-furanone with a 3∶7 mixture of phenethyl propionate (PEP) and eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxphenol) caught significantly morePopillia japonica Newman than either the sex attractant or the mixture did alone. Also, the synthetic sex attractant captured significantly more males than the PEP-eugenol did during the period of heavy adult emergence of the beetles. The two lures were not significantly different in their attractancy to males about a week later and thereafter. A combination of PEP-eugenol and virgin females in the same trap late in the season also significantly increased beetle captures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988630
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  • 14
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    Interspecific effects of pheromones on the attraction of the bark beetles,Dendroctonus brevicomis andIps paraconfusus in the laboratory (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Pinus ponderosa ; bark beetle ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; myrcene ; verbenone ; ipsenol ; ipsdienol ; cis-verbenol ; attractants ; inhibition ; semiochemicals ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dendroctonus brevicomis was attracted to a mixture of theIps paraconfusus pheromones, ipsenol,cis-verbenol, and ipsdienol at 10−9 g each/μl but was not attracted to these pheromones at higher and lower release rates.I. paraconfusus was not attracted to theD. brevicomis pheromonesexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene at any release rate tested. Increased release rates of a mixture of the three pheromones ofI. paraconfusus inhibited the attraction ofD. brevicomis to its synthetic pheromones. A mixture of ipsenol + ipsdienol orcis-verbenol alone failed to cause inhibition indicating that at least two of theI. paraconfusus pheromones are required to inhibit the response ofD. brevicomis. The pheromones ofD. brevicomis did not inhibit the attraction ofI. paraconfusus to its pheromones; however, verbenone was a potent inhibitor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988631
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  • 15
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    Behavior of the lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Bostrichidae ; Rhyzopertha dominica ; aggregation pheromone ; lesser grain borer ; grain insect pest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adult males of the lesser grain borer,Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), produce a pheromone that attracts both sexes. The volatiles from males collected on filter paper or Porapak-Q were attractive in two laboratory bioassays. The mating behavior is described and the function of the phen infested with the borer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988633
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  • 16
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    Host selection behavior of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attackingPinus ponderosa, with special emphasis on the western pine beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomis (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 49-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Primary attraction ; tree predisposition ; Dendroctonus ; Ips ; Gnathotrichus ; Pityophthorus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Buprestidae ; Verticicladiella ; Pinus ponderosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Detection of weakened hosts from a distance by bark beetles through olfaction was investigated in field experiments. No significant numbers of Scolytidae were attracted to anaerobically treated pine bolts, stem disks, or sugar and ponderosa pine bark including phloem. Treatment of living trees with cacodylic acid induced attacks byDendroctonus brevicomis, D. ponderosae, Ips latidens, Gnathotrichus retusus, andPityophthorus scalptor, beginning two weeks after treatment. There was no significant difference between landing rates ofD. brevicomis andD. ponderosae on screened treated trees and screened controls. There was a significant increase in landing rates ofG. retusus andI. latidens, because both species had penetrated the screen and produced pheromones. Tree frilling alone did not increase the landing rate of bark beetles. Freezing of the lower trunk with dry ice did not increase significantly the landing rate ofD. brevicomis, D. ponderosae, G. retusus, orI. latidens on screened trees, whereas unscreened frozen trees were attacked by all four species. There was no significantly higher landing rate byD. brevicomis, D. ponderosae, I. paraconfusus, I. latidens, G. retusus, orHylurgops subcostulatus on screened trees evidencing symptoms of severe infection by the root pathogenVerticicladiella wagenerii, than on symptornless trees. These experiments show thatD. brevicomis, D. ponderosae, I. paraconfusus, I. latidens, andG. retusus land, apparently indiscriminately, on healthy and stressed hosts. Thus, in these species host discrimination must occur after landing and prior to sustained feeding.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988635
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  • 17
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    An olfactometer for bark beetle parasites (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parasites ; bioassay ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; olfactometer ; bark beetles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An “H”-type olfactometer was designed and built to test the response of bark beetle parasites to various beetle and tree host odors. The design has several advantages over other types of olfactometers. Strong air currents are not utilized, parasites have free movement in the test chamber, and a concentration gradient of test compound is maintained. Parasites tested in the olfactometer demonstrated strong positive responses to air drawn over logs infested with bark beetle larvae and varied responses to tree host odors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995758
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  • 18
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    Sexually dimorphic setiferous sex patch in the male red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Site of aggregation pheromone production (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 465-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sexual dimorphism ; Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; aggregation pheromone ; behavior ; bioassay ; red flour beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence for the existence of a male-produced aggregation pheromone secreted from the prothoracic femoral setiferous sex patch ofTribolium castaneum is reported. Both sexes were attracted toca. 60 ng of crude secretion. Males and females perceive the pheromone on the day of emergence while perception differs between the sexes: male response reaches a maximum on day 1 posteclosion, when tested at 〈1, 1, and 30 days; females show a maximum response at 30 days posteclosion. Behavioral responses to pheromone odors and a complex Chromatographic profile are reported.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995769
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  • 19
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    Defensive secretions of new zealand tenebrionids: (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 889-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: α-Pinene ; defensive secretions ; interspecific variation ; limonene ; monoterpenes ; pentadecene ; Artystona sp. ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; lichen ; Parmotrema reticulatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The defensive secretions of four species of the genusArtystona endemic to New Zealand differ from those of other tenebrionids in that they contain α-pinene and limonene, as well as the more characteristic quinones and alkenes. Adults and larvae ofA. obscura, A. erichsoni, A. rugiceps, andArtystona sp. feed on the lichenParmotrema reticulatum (Taylor), but the terpenes are not sequestered from it. The defensive secretions of the four species show some interspecific variation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992386
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    Effect of mating on terminating aggregation during host colonization in the bark beetle,Ips paraconfusus (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1135-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Pinus ponderosa ; pheromone biosynthesis ; bark beetle ; myrcene ; α-pinene ; ipsenol ; ipsdienol ; cis-verbenol ; myrtenol ; attractants ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Attraction of maleIps paraconfusus to male-infested ponderosa pine logs was inhibited by volatiles from logs infested with mated males and females over an 8-day period in the field. The response of females during this time was not significantly inhibited by these volatiles. Synthesis of the male-specific pheromones, ipsenol and ipsdienol, appeared negligible after 8 days in males allowed to mate with 3 females in these logs while males alone contained levels of these pheromones at about half their maximum rate. The decline in pheromone production in mated males appears to result, at least in part, from a reduction in the activity of the biosynthetic system that converts the host monoterpene, myrcene, to ipsenol and ipsdienol. Mating and feeding have apparently no effect on the biosynthetic system that converts the host monoterpene, (−)-α-pinene, to the pheromone,cis-verbenol in either males or females. The reduced production and release of pheromones by males after mating appears to play a major function in the process of terminating the aggregation phase of host colonization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987633
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  • 21
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    Antifeedant action ofZ-dihydromatricaria acid from soldier beetles (Chauliognathus spp.) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 1149-1158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dihydromatricaria acid ; antifeedant ; acetylenic acid ; Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus ; Coleoptera ; Cantharidae ; soldier beetles ; Phidippus ; jumping spider ; bioassay ; defensive secretion ; defensive behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The acetylenic acid,Z-dihydromatricaria acid (DHMA), previously isolated from the defensive secretion ofChauliognathus lecontei, and now shown to occur also inC. pennsylvanicus, is a potent feeding deterrent to jumping spiders (Phidippus spp.). A simple bioassay withPhidippus is described, which is generally applicable to studies dealing with the isolation and evaluation of feeding deterrency of natural products from insects. By use of this assay,Phidippus were shown to be sensitive to as little as 1 μg DHMA, an amount equivalent to less than 2% of the DHMA content ofC. pennsylvanicus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987634
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  • 22
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    Cuticular hydrocarbons of adults of the cowpea weevil,Callosobruchus maculatus (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hydrocarbons ; n-alkanes ; branched-chain alkanes ; GC-MS ; cuticular wax ; insect ; cowpea weevil ; Callosobruchus maculatus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The composition of the cuticular hydrocarbons of the cowpea weevil,Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), was determined by using combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The hydrocarbons constituted 88% of the cuticular lipids and were composed of four homologous series of alkanes. Mono- and dimethyl branched-chain alkanes made up 83% of the hydrocarbon fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988645
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  • 23
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    Dominicalure 1 and 2: Components of aggregation pheromone from male lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 759-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; Rhyzopertha dominica ; lesser grain borer ; Coleoptera ; Bostrichidae ; unsaturated ester ; dominicalure ; 1-methylbutyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate ; 1-methylbutyl (E)-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatiles from lesser grain borers,Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), were collected on Porapak Q, and those from the male beetles were shown to contain two compounds, that were attractive individually and in combination to both sexes. These compounds were identified as (S)-(+)-1-methylbutyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate and (S)-(+)-1-methylbutyl (E)-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate by spectrometry and comparison with synthesized compounds. The two compounds have been assigned the trivial names dominicalure 1 and dominicalure 2, respectively. Synthesized samples of these compounds, individually and in combination, were effective in trapping both sexes in field studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990308
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  • 24
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    Antennal olfactory response of boll weevil to grandlure and vicinal dimethyl analogs (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 919-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: electroantennogram ; boll weevil ; grandlure ; pheromone ; Anthonomus grandis Boh. ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram techniques were used to elucidate antennal olfactory response of male and female boll weevils to a dilution series of grandlure, its components, and some vicinal dimethyl analogs. At higher concentrations, response to the mixture of the two aldehyde components of grandlure was significantly higher than to the two alcohol components. Only one vicinal dimethyl analog elicited a significantly higher response than the control. There were no significant differences in response due to sex over all compounds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987617
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  • 25
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    Ethyl decanoate as a major component in the defensive secretion of two new zealand aleocharine (staphylinidae) beetles—Tramiathaea cornigera (broun) andThamiaraea fuscicornis (broun) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tramiathaea cornigera ; Thamiaraea fuscicornis ; Aleocharinae ; Coleoptera ; Staphylinidae ; defensive secretion ; ethyl decanoate ; esters ; undecane ; toluquinone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The defensive secretions of bothTramiathaea cornigera andThamiaraea fuscicornis contain undecane, toluquinone, ethyl decanoate and smaller amounts of other esters. The presence of esters particularly ethyl decanoate as a major component sets these two beetles apart chemically not only among the staphylinids but also within the subfamily Aleocharinae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988647
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    Interruption of response ofDendroctonus brevicomis to its attractive pheromone by components of the pheromone (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pinus ponderosa ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; western pine beetle ; attractant ; interruption ; behavior ; pheromone ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; myrcene ; verbenone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The catch of the western pine beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomis, at an attractive source of racemicexo-brevicomin, racemic frontalin, and myrcene was reduced by surrounding the source with a grid of 48 stations releasing all three compounds together, orexo-brevicomin alone or myrcene alone. Each compound was released at the rate of 2 mg/24 hr/station. The catch at an attractive bolt cut from a tree being colonized byD. brevicomis was not reduced byexo-brevicomin, but was reduced by the combination ofexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene in one of two tests. When a transect of traps was placed across a 0.81-hectare plot at six of the 48 stations releasing all three compounds, more beetles were caught at outer than at inner traps. More beetles were caught at unbaited traps on trees in a plot when the three compounds were released than when onlyexo-brevicomin or no compounds were released. A few trees were attacked byD. brevicomis in some of the plots. The antiattractant verbenone released from 48 stations at the rate of 4 mg/24 hr/station did not reduce the catch at an attractive tree bolt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988646
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  • 27
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    Feeding and boring behavior of the bark beetle,Ips paraconfusus, in extracts of ponderosa pine phloem (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; phloem ; ponderosa pine ; host selection ; feeding stimulants ; extracts ; bark beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract MaleIps paraconfusus Lanier bored and fed in cellulose powder substrates treated with solvent extracts of ponderosa pine phloem in preference to cellulose powder alone. Stimuli that elicit boring and feeding behavior occurred in the water extracts and the combined solvent extracts. No significant boring or feeding occurred in the methanol extract. There was a preference for, but no significant feeding in, the water partition of the ether extract. Feeding, but no preferential boring, occurred in the ether extracts.
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  • 28
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    A scanning electron microscopic study of larval development in the marine polychaete, Galeolaria caespitosa Lamarck (Serpulidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Polychaeta, Serpulidae ; Gamete ; Larva ; Development ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gametes and developing larvae of the polychaete Galeolaria caespitosa were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The sperm display a primitive morphology. When treated with 0.33 M CaCl2, they release a branched acrosomal process. At spawning, the polygonal oocytes have a granular surface made up of spherules and the tips of microvilli. The oocyte coat develops a ridged appearance as the oocyte rounds up. At fertilization, the microvilli are withdrawn from the coat surface. Microvilli again appear on the coat surface during the trochophore stage, but the egg coat appears to be retained as the larval cuticle until the demersal stage. The surface of the larva now shows many microvilli. Details of the organization of several ciliary structures are clarified. Moreover, the present study shows rapid, sequential development of paired setal sacs, with the most anterior pair appearing first.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236257
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    The development of the stomach in Clarias lazera and the intestinal absorption of protein macromolecules (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 397-415 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stomach ; Epithelium ; Teleost ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the stomach of the teleost, Clarias lazera, during the early posthatching period, is described, and the developing stomach is compared with that of adult Clarias. The stomach develops in two distinct parts: the corpus, which differentiates first, and the pylorus. The corpus contains a mucous surface epithelium, arranged in folds, and a tubular gland system containing only one type of gland cell, to which the secretion of pepsinogen and HCl is attributed. The pyloric region does not contain tubular glands. From the ultrastructure of the gland cells, the 3H-thymidine labeling index, and the onset of acid production (as determined with pH indicators) it is concluded that a functional stomach is present in juveniles with a standard length of ± 11 mm (approximately 12 days after fertilization at 23–24° C). The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium has also been studied. The intestine consists of three segments, similar to those described for stomachless teleosts and a number of fish larvae. In larvae as well as in juveniles, the enterocytes of the second segment show pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase, although in the juveniles the stomach has already developed. This second segment has the same relative length in all studied larvae and juveniles and is also present in adult Clarias. It is therefore concluded that the capacity to absorb protein macromolecules is not specifically related to the absence of a functional stomach in this teleost species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239123
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    The development of the diencephalic choroid plexus in the chick (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 297-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Choroid plexus (chick) ; Third ventricle ; Ependyma ; Development ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface morphology of the diencephalic choroid plexus (Pl. ch. v. III) was investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in chicks from the 7th embryonic day (ED) to the 8th week after hatching. Pl. ch. v. III develops on the anterior ventricular roof from a sagittally oriented fold and a few posteriorly located transverse folds. On the 7th ED no significant differences in the cell surface morphology between Pl. ch. v. III and the surrounding ependyma are observed: both are covered with cilia. During the next four days, long cell prolongations (one per cell) covered with microvilli develop first on the surface of the posterior ventricular roof and then on the posterior part of Pl. ch. v. III. These structures are transitory. On the 11th ED, round cell prolongations (one per cell) appear progressively on the entire plexus, also replacing the long ones. Now the plexus surface is distinct from the surface of the surrounding ependyma. During the last week before hatching and also after hatching, the round cell prolongations become less prominent. Simultaneously, the number of cilia per unit surface area diminishes. With consideration of earlier reports, this study suggests that the following factors are involved in the increase of the surface area of Pl. ch. v. III: (I) The pseudostratified epithelium changes into columnar epithelium. (2) Ependymal elements of the posterior roof of the 3rd ventricle contribute to the anlage of Pl. ch. v. III. In later stages, however, Pl. ch. v. III grows only by mitoses.
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    Morphologic development of neonatal rat pinealocytes in monolayer culture (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 337-347 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal ; Monolayer culture ; Development ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological development of pinealocytes maintained in monolayer culture, without the neural and humoral effects present in the developing rat has been studied and compared with the development that occurs in vivo. Pinealocytes in 5 day cultures contained organelles that were similar to those present in the pineals of intact 5 day old rats. However, light and dark cells were not noted in culture, and the cultured cells did not have the dense granules noted in vivo. As pinealocytes developed in culture, cytoplasmic processes increased in length and number. By 21 days of culture age, synaptic ribbons were found to have decreased in number, the difference between light cell and dark cell cytoplasm had become more prominent, and dense-cored vesicles had become more numerous, just as in the developing gland in vivo. These results suggest that the complex neural and humoral factors impinging upon the developing neonatal pineal in the intact animal may not be necessary for some aspects of its ultrastructural differentiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210513
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    Development of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to horseradish peroxidase in the avian choroidal epithelium (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 271-278 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood-CSF barrier ; Blood-brain barrier ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Choroid plexus ; Development ; Chick embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The penetration of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from blood into ventricle via the avian choroid plexus was examined by electron microscopy in order to study the development of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). 1–20 mg HRP was injected into the allantoic vein of chick embryos between the 7th and 21st day of incubation. Until the 8th day (stage 34) the reaction products of injected HRP were observed in the interepithelial clefts at both luminal (ventricular) and abluminal sides. At the 9th day (stage 35), their penetration was blocked at most apical junctional complexes of the choroidal epithelia. At the 10th day (stage 36) and at every subsequent stage, HRP molecules were completely impeded at the apical tight junctions. These results show that the BCSFB to HRP in the avian choroidal epithelium is completely established by the 10th day, when molecules of HRP are still able to permeate between the capillary endothelia in the cerebellum and the spinal cord (Wakai and Hirokawa 1978).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249211
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    Supraependymal cell clusters in the rat brain (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 41-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Supraependymal cell clusters ; Ventricular system ; Development ; Hypothalamus rat ; Monosodium glutamate ; Androgenized rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histological patterns of supraependymal cell clusters (CC) in rats of different ages (untreated, androgenized, and treated with monosodium glutamate) were investigated with light (LM)-, scanning-and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). These clusters were a frequent but not a constant finding. In 18 day-and older embryos, CC were always found in the recess of the olfactory bulb immediately prior to its obliteration. All other CC appear in the infundibular recess between the 3rd and the 6th postnatal day. Independent of age, all cell clusters exhibit small aggregates of subependymal tissue protruding through the ependyma. Both neurons (light cells) and neuroglia (dark cells) were found in the CC. By use of SEM, in the region of the infundibular recess it is possible to distinguish four forms of supraependymal cell clusters according to localization, size, number of cells, and presence of intraventricular axons. CC may be 1) receptors or have an additional secretory function; 2) manifestations of a pathological type of reaction of the ventricular wall; 3) possible excrescences of the neural matrix, or 4) modifications of the ventricular wall in relation to the obliteration of the ventricular recesses. The first two interpretations are not tenable based on the present observations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210090
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  • 34
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    The mature mesonephric nephron of the rabbit embryo (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 431-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney (rabbit) ; Development ; Mesonephric nephron ; Freeze-fracture electron microscopy ; Intercellular junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In freeze-fracture replicas of the entire cross-fractured mesonephros of 18 day rabbit embryos the basolateral and luminal cell faces of the different nephron segments were studied and compared with their metanephric counterparts. In the proximal tubule, the shallow zonula occludens exhibited only 1–2 strands and resembled the corresponding metanephric zonula, a very “leaky” type, which was found with a considerable paracellular flow component in sites of isotonic reabsorption. Gap junctions were restricted to the proximal tubule and were seen more frequently in its terminal segment. The distal tubule harboured two types of tight junctions. The most common type, a band of 5–8 closely parallel strands, matched the zonula occludens of the metanephric straight distal tubule. The observed particle density of the basolateral membrane (2,500±328/μm2) was less than that of the proximal tubule (2,642±306). In addition, the collecting tubule exhibited a zonula occludens of the “tight” variety similar to that which occurred in the metanephric collecting duct. Rod-shaped particles of the luminal membrane were mainly concentrated in some of the intercalated cells but also had developed on principal cells, and occasionally, in the distal tubule. The Wolffian duct, with a deep “tight” zonula occludens, had an obviously rather inactive epithelium with no conspicuous transport-linked membrane specializations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216746
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