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  • American Institute of Physics  (5,902)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • Frontiers Media S.A.
  • PANGAEA
  • 2020-2023  (43)
  • 1980-1984  (5,999)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2022  (43)
  • 1981  (5,999)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2020-2023  (43)
  • 1980-1984  (5,999)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2020-2024  (6,236)
Year
  • 1
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    Beobachtungen und erste Ergebnisse der 'Meteor'-Reise 56 aus der Scotia-See und der Bransfield-Straße im November/Dezember 1980 (ANT I): ein nautischer und wissenschaftlicher Bericht (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 80, 118 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 2
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    Forschungsfahrt Midpac '81 mit FS SONNE (SO 18) (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 3
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    Between Necessity and Legal Responsibility: The Development of EEWS in Italy and its International Framework (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-29
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWSs) represent a technical-scientific challenge aimed at improving the chance of the population exposed to the earthquake shaking of surviving or being less affected. The ability of an EEWS to affect the risk and, in particular, vulnerability and exposure, may determine serious legal responsibilities for people involved in the system, as scientists and experts. The main question concerns, in fact, the relationship between EEWSs and the predictability and avoidability of earthquake effects-i.e., the ground shaking affecting citizens and infrastructures - and the possibility for people to adopt self-protective behavior and/or for industrial infrastructures to be secured. In Italy, natural disasters, such as the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake, teach us that the relationship between science and law is really difficult. So, before EEW’s become operational in Italy, it is necessary to: 1) examine the legislative and technical solutions adopted by some of the international legal systems in countries where this service is offered to citizens; 2) reconstruct the international and European regulatory framework that promotes the introduction of EW systems as life-saving tools for the protection of the right to life and understand whether and how these regulatory texts can impose an obligation on the Italian legal system to develop EEWS; 3) understand what responsibilities could be ascribed to the scientists and technicians responsible for managing EEWS in Italy, analyzing the different impact of vulnerability and exposure on the predictability and avoidability of the harmful event; 4) reflect on the lessons that our legal system will have to learn from other Countries when implementing EEW systems. In order to find appropriate solutions, it is essential to reflect on the opportunity to provide shared and well-structured protocols and creating detailed disclaimers clearly defining the limits of the service. A central role must be recognized to education, because people should not only expect to receive a correct alarm but must be able to understand the uncertainties involved in rapid estimates, be prepared to face the risk, and react in the right way.
    Description: This work has been carried out within the Project ART-IT (Allerta Rapida Terremoti in Italia), funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (Progetto Premiale 2015, DM. 850/2017).
    Description: Published
    Description: 685153
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake, early warning, criminal liability, negligence, risk ; Early warning, criminal law, human rights
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Rare Earth Elements Variations in a Hyperacid Crater Lake and Their Relations With Changes in Phreatic Activity, Physico-Chemical Parameters, and Chemical Composition: The Case of Poás Volcano (Costa Rica) (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Decades of geochemical monitoring at active crater lakes worldwide have confirmed that variations in major elements and physico-chemical parameters are useful to detect changes in volcanic activity. However, it is still arduous to identify precursors of single phreatic eruptions. During the unrest phase of 2009–2016, at least 679 phreatic eruptions occurred at the hyperacid and hypersaline crater lake Laguna Caliente of Poás volcano (Costa Rica). In this study, we investigate the temporal variations of Rare Earth Elements (REE) dissolved in Laguna Caliente in order to 1) scrutinize if they can be used as a new geochemical tool to monitor changes of phreatic activity at hyperacid crater lakes and 2) identify the geochemical processes responsible for the variations of REE concentrations in the lake. The total concentration of REE varies from 950 to 2,773 μg kg−1. (La/Pr)N-local rock ratios range from 0.93 to 1.35, and Light REE over Heavy REE (LREE/HREE)N-local rock ratios vary from 0.71 to 0.95. These same parameters vary in relation to significant changes in phreatic activity; in particular, the (La/Pr)N-local rock ratio increases as phreatic activity increases, while that of (LREE/HREE)N-local rock decreases when phreatic activity increases. REE concentrations and their ratios were compared with the variations of major elements and physico-chemical parameters of the lake. Calcium versus (La/Pr)N-local rock and versus (LREE/HREE)N-local rock ratios show different trends compared to the other major elements (Na, K, Mg, Al, Fe, SO4, and Cl). Moreover, a higher loss of Ca (up to 2,835 ppm) in lake water was found with respect to the loss of Al, K, and Na. This loss of Ca is argued to be due to gypsum precipitation, a process corroborated by the mass balance calculation simulating the precipitation of gypsum and the contemporaneous removal of REE from the lake water. The observed relations between REE, changes in phreatic activity, and the parameters commonly used for the monitoring of hyperacid volcanic lakes encourage investigating more on the temporal and cause-effect relationship between REE dynamics and changes in phreatic activity at crater lake-bearing volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 716970
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Rare Earth Elements ; Poas Volcano ; phreatic eruptions ; geochemical monitoring ; hyperacid volcanic lakes ; Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    The Submarine Boundaries of Mount Etna’s Unstable Southeastern Flank (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Coastal and ocean island volcanoes are renowned for having unstable flanks. This can lead to flank deformation on a variety of temporal and spatial scales ranging from slow creep to catastrophic sector collapse. A large section of these unstable flanks is often below sea level, where information on the volcano-tectonic structure and ground deformation is limited. Consequently, kinematic models that attempt to explain measured ground deformation onshore associated with flank instability are poorly constrained in the offshore area. Here, we attempt to determine the locations and the morpho-tectonic structures of the boundaries of the submerged unstable southeastern flank of Mount Etna (Italy). The integration of new marine data (bathymetry, microbathymetry, offshore seismicity, reflection seismic lines) and published marine data (bathymetry, seafloor geodesy, reflection seismic lines) allows identifying the lineament north of Catania Canyon as the southern lateral boundary with a high level of confidence. The northern and the distal (seaward) boundaries are less clear because no microbathymetric or seafloor geodetic data are available. Hypotheses for their locations are presented. Geophysical imaging suggests that the offshore Timpe Fault System is a shallow second-order structure that likely results from extensional deformation within the moving flank. Evidence for active uplift and compression upslope of the amphitheater-shaped depression from seismic data along with subsidence of the onshore Giarre Wedge block observed in ground deformation data leads us to propose that this block is a rotational slump, which moves on top of the large-scale instability. The new shoreline-crossing structural assessment may now inform and improve kinematic models.
    Description: Published
    Description: 810790
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seafloor ; fault ; flank dynamics ; hydroacoustic ; geodesy ; seismic profiles ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Looking Into the Entanglement Between Karst Landforms and Fault Activity in Carbonate Ridges: The Fibreno Fault System (Central Italy) (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: The entanglement between active tectonics and karst systems is well-known in the literature. Karst systems are sound recorders of continental deformation in terms of brittle structures and seismic features and have been successfully used as markers for reconstructing tectonic stresses and assessing preferential directions of increased permeability in oil and gas fields. Karst systems could also be exploited to evaluate the past activity of faults bounding karst hydrostructures, thus providing useful data for the assessment of the seismic hazard of a specific area. In this work, we look into the complex relationship among karst development, recent tectonics and groundwater flow, which appear to be strongly interconnected with each other, to assess the activity of faults bounding karst hydrostructures. We focused our attention on an active karst area located in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate reliefs of the Italian central Apennines. In this context, the morphological and morphometric features of the karst landforms (dolines, dry valleys, and cave entrances), identified with geomorphological surveys, and their mutual relationship with fractures and fault segments, identified employing geostructural analysis, document stasis and deepening events in karst evolution. Such events are related to changes in the groundwater table and the consequent variation of the paleokarst base level associated with the Quaternary fault activity. A comprehensive evaluation of the evolution of karst systems at local and regional scales, considering the hydrogeological influence on base levels, allows us to use karst landforms as a proxy to unravel fault activity and evolution in Italy and in other similar karst environments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 891319
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Constraining the Moho Depth Below Bhutan With Global-Phase Seismic Interferometry (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-21
    Description: We use a novel technique named global-phase seismic interferometry (GloPSI) to image the lithospheric structure, and in particular the Moho, below two parallel north-south transects belonging to the GANSSER network (2013–2014). The profiles cross the Himalayan orogenic wedge in Bhutan, a tectonically important area within the largest continent-continent collision zone on Earth that is still undergoing crustal thickening and represents a challenging imaging target for the GloPSI approach. GloPSI makes use of direct waves from distant earthquakes and receiver-side reverberations with near vertical incidence. Reflections are isolated from earthquake recordings by solving a correlation integral and are turned into a reflectivity image of the lithosphere below the arrays. Our results compare favorably with first-order features observed from a previous receiver function (RF) study. We show that a combined interpretation of GloPSI and RF results allows for a more in-depth understanding of the lithospheric structure across the orogenic wedge in Bhutan.
    Description: Published
    Description: 658146
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    SANTORY: SANTORini’s Seafloor Volcanic ObservatorY (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Submarine hydrothermal systems along active volcanic ridges and arcs are highly dynamic, responding to both oceanographic (e.g., currents, tides) and deep-seated geological forcing (e.g., magma eruption, seismicity, hydrothermalism, and crustal deformation, etc.). In particular, volcanic and hydrothermal activity may also pose profoundly negative societal impacts (tsunamis, the release of climate-relevant gases and toxic metal(loid)s). These risks are particularly significant in shallow (〈1000m) coastal environments, as demonstrated by the January 2022 submarine paroxysmal eruption by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano that destroyed part of the island, and the October 2011 submarine eruption of El Hierro (Canary Islands) that caused vigorous upwelling, floating lava bombs, and natural seawater acidification. Volcanic hazards may be posed by the Kolumbo submarine volcano, which is part of the subduction-related Hellenic Volcanic Arc at the intersection between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates. There, the Kolumbo submarine volcano, 7 km NE of Santorini and part of Santorini’s volcanic complex, hosts an active hydrothermal vent field (HVF) on its crater floor (~500m b.s.l.), which degasses boiling CO2–dominated fluids at high temperatures (~265°C) with a clear mantle signature. Kolumbo’s HVF hosts actively forming seafloor massive sulfide deposits with high contents of potentially toxic, volatile metal(loid)s (As, Sb, Pb, Ag, Hg, and Tl). The proximity to highly populated/tourist areas at Santorini poses significant risks. However, we have limited knowledge of the potential impacts of this type of magmatic and hydrothermal activity, including those from magmatic gases and seismicity. To better evaluate such risks the activity of the submarine system must be continuously monitored with multidisciplinary and high resolution instrumentation as part of an in-situ observatory supported by discrete sampling and measurements. This paper is a design study that describes a new long-term seafloor observatory that will be installed within the Kolumbo volcano, including cutting-edge and innovative marine-technology that integrates hyperspectral imaging, temperature sensors, a radiation spectrometer, fluid/gas samplers, and pressure gauges. These instruments will be integrated into a hazard monitoring platform aimed at identifying the precursors of potentially disastrous explosive volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides of the hydrothermally weakened volcanic edifice and the release of potentially toxic elements into the water column.
    Description: Published
    Description: 796376
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Sedimentation von Saharastaub im subtropischen Nordatlantik während der letzten 25.000 Jahre (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3"Meteor" Forschungs-Ergebnisse, C, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 35, pp. 23-59
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 10
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    Die Kupferverhüttung auf Helgoland im Mittelalter (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Offa, Berichte und Mitteilungen zur Urgeschichte, Frühgeschichte und Mittelalterarchäologie, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 38, pp. 365-376
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 11
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    Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric Perturbation Identification Using CSES Data via Transfer Learning (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: During the lithospheric buildup to an earthquake, complex physical changes occur within the earthquake hypocenter. Data pertaining to the changes in the ionosphere may be obtained by satellites, and the analysis of data anomalies can help identify earthquake precursors. In this paper, we present a deep-learning model, SeqNetQuake, that uses data from the first China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) to identify ionospheric perturbations prior to earthquakes. SeqNetQuake achieves the best performance [F-measure (F1) = 0.6792 and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) = 0.427] when directly trained on the CSES dataset with a spatial window centered on the earthquake epicenter with the Dobrovolsky radius and an input sequence length of 20 consecutive observations during night time. We further explore a transferring learning approach, which initially trains the model with the larger Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from the Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) dataset, and then tunes the model with the CSES dataset. The transfer-learning performance is substantially higher than that of direct learning, yielding a 12% improvement in the F1 score and a 29% improvement in the MCC value. Moreover, we compare the proposed model SeqNetQuake with other five benchmarking classifiers on an independent test set, which shows that SeqNetQuake demonstrates a 64.2% improvement in MCC and approximately a 24.5% improvement in the F1 score over the second-best convolutional neural network model. SeqNetSquake achieves significant improvement in identifying pre-earthquake ionospheric perturbation and improves the performance of earthquake prediction using the CSES data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 779255
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    The EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM): Standardized and Interoperable Instrumentation for Ocean Observation (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: The oceans are a fundamental source for climate balance, sustainability of resources and life on Earth, therefore society has a strong and pressing interest in maintaining and, where possible, restoring the health of the marine ecosystems. Effective, integrated ocean observation is key to suggesting actions to reduce anthropogenic impact from coastal to deep-sea environments and address the main challenges of the 21st century, which are summarized in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Blue Growth strategies. The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO), is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), with the aim of providing long-term observations via fixed-point ocean observatories in key environmental locations across European seas from the Arctic to the Black Sea. These may be supported by ship-based observations and autonomous systems such as gliders. In this paper, we present the EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM), a deployment ready multi-sensor instrumentation module, designed to measure physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecosystem variables consistently, in a range of marine environments, over long periods of time. Here, we describe the system, features, configuration, operation and data management. We demonstrate, through a series of coastal and oceanic pilot experiments that the EGIM is a valuable standard ocean observation module, which can significantly improve the capacity of existing ocean observatories and provides the basis for new observatories. The diverse examples of use included the monitoring of fish activity response upon oceanographic variability, hydrothermal vent fluids and particle dispersion, passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals and time series of environmental variation in the water column. With the EGIM available to all the EMSO Regional Facilities, EMSO will be reaching a milestone in standardization and interoperability, marking a key capability advancement in addressing issues of sustainability in resource and habitat management of the oceans.
    Description: project EMSODEV (Grant agreement No 676555)
    Description: Published
    Description: 801033
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: fixed-point observatories, multi-parametric monitoring, seafloor, water column, EMSO, EGIM, EOV ; seafloor observatories
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Swarm-TEC Satellite Measurements as a Potential Earthquake Precursor Together With Other Swarm and CSES Data: The Case of Mw7.6 2019 Papua New Guinea Seismic Event (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: On May 14, 2019, a strong Mw = 7.6 shallow earthquake occurred in Papua New Guinea. This paper explores for the first time the analysis of total electron content (TEC) products measured for 6 months by GPS antenna onboard Swarm satellites, to detect possible seismo-ionospheric anomalies around the time and location of the above-mentioned earthquake. The night-time vertical total electron content (VTEC) time series measured using Swarm satellites Alpha and Charlie, inside the earthquake Dobrovolsky’s area show striking anomalies 31 and 35 days before the event. We successfully verified the possible presence of concomitant anomalous values of in situ electron density detected by the new Chinese satellite dedicated to search for electromagnetic earthquake precursors [China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES)-01]. On the other hand, the analysis of VTEC night time measured by Swarm Bravo shows gradual and abnormal increase of the VTEC parameter from about 23 days before the earthquake, which descends 3 days before the earthquake and reaches its lowest level around the earthquake day. We also analyzed the time series and tracks of other six in situ parameters measured by Swarm satellites, electron density from CSES, and also GPS-TEC measurements. As it is expected from the theory, the electron density anomalous variations acknowledge the Swarm VTEC anomalies, confirming that those anomalies are real and not an artifact of the analysis. The comparative analysis with measurements of other Swarm and CSES sensors emphasizes striking anomalies about 2.5 weeks before the event, with a clear pattern of the whole anomalies typical of a critical system as the earthquake process is for Earth. A confutation analysis outside the Dobrovolsky area and without significant seismicity shows no anomalies. Therefore based on our study, the VTEC products of Swarm satellites could be an appropriate precursor aside from the other measured plasma and magnetic parameters using Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie Swarm and CSES satellites that can be simultaneously analyzed to reduce the overall uncertainty.
    Description: Published
    Description: 820189
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 14
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    Editorial: Achievements and New Frontiers in Research Oriented to Earthquake Forecasting (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-17
    Description: Forecasting earthquakes is a challenging scientific task, due to the intrinsic complexity of the problem, as well as to the limited size and different accuracy of available observations. During the last decades increasing efforts have been devoted by geophysical research in an attempt to answer the following fundamental questions: 1) Which are the physical processes that take place in the Earth crust that are relevant for an earthquake to nucleate? 2) How can we observe, describe and model them statistically and physically? Although a clear univocal picture is still missing, a large amount of data and long-term observations accumulated over the time, as well as new methodological approaches, which eventually allow for development and verification of theoretical models. Observations and physical models suggest that several processes in the Earth’s lithosphere are predictable, but after substantial averaging and up to a limit. Accordingly, earthquake forecasting requires a holistic approach, and should be posed as an integrated, multi-scale process, narrowing down the magnitude range, territory, and time of expectation, all within the limits imposed by physics and data uncertainties. The understanding of governing laws, from long-term tectonic loading and slow nucleation to rapid rupture propagation, may contribute to estimate the stress state and temporal evolution of geophysical observables around seismically active areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 793911
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake preparation processes, stress field variations, earthquake source physics, earthquake forecasting, test site areas ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Geochronology and Petrogenesis of Early Pleistocene Dikes in the Changbai Mountain Volcanic Field (NE China) Based on Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotopic Compositions (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Changbai Mountains intraplate volcanism (NE China) developed above the 500 km deep stagnant portion of the Pacific slab in the last 20 Ma. The more recent activity includes a shieldforming stage (2.8–0.3Ma), the Tianchi cone construction stage (1.5–0.01Ma), and a calderaforming stage (0.2Ma-present). Detailed studies on the petrogenesis of the volcanic products between the first two stages and the possible role of geodynamics and local tectonics in controlling the volcanism, however, are lacking. Here, we present structural and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data on Pleistocene dikes of the Changbai Mountains at the transition from the shield-forming to the Tianchi stage with the aim to constrain their age and the source(s) of their parental magma. The dikes represent the shallower feeding system of monogenetic cones and have a NW-SE strike, which is also the preferred strike of the major fault affecting the area and along which the Changbai Mountains monogenetic scoria cones align. The dikes have a potassic affinity and a trachybasaltic composition. Their zircon U–Pb age is 1.19–1.20Ma (Calabrian). The trachybasalts are enriched in Rb, Ba, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, Pb, and LREE and slightly depleted in Sr, Zr, Hf, Ti, and HREE with a weak negative Eu/Eu* (δEu 0.96–0.97). Trace elements and isotopic compositions are compatiblewith anOIB-type source with an EMI signature. The calculated (87Sr/86Sr)i ( 0.705165–0.705324), (143Nd/ 144Nd)i ( 0.512552–0.512607, εNd(t) −0.58 to −1.65), and Hf model ages (TDM2) of 1768–1562 Ma suggest that the trachybasaltic dikes were contaminated by a Mesoproterozoic, relatively basic lower crust. The source of the Calabrian trachybasalts consists of asthenospheric melts modified by a subcontinental lithospheric mantle. These melts upwell from depth and stop at the crust-mantle interface where underplating processes favor the assimilation of ancient lower crust material. During the ascent to the surface along deep-seated crustal discontinuities, these magmas weakly differentiate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 729905
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Changbaishan ; mantle source ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Lactobacillus Biofilms Influence Anti-Candida Activity (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-25
    Description: Lactobacilli are the dominant members of the healthy human vaginal microbiota and represent the first defense line from pathogen infection, including vulvovaginal candidiasis. Biofilm is the predominant microbial growth form in nature, and the formation of biofilms inside the human body has important implications in health and disease. In particular, the formation of biofilm by members of the human resident microbiota is desirable, as it can improve microbial persistence and influence functionality. In the present study, we investigated the capability of 16 vaginal Lactobacillus strains (belonging to Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus vaginalis, and Lactobacillus plantarum species) to form biofilms, and we correlated their mode of growth to anti-Candida activity. L. plantarum strains were the best biofilm producers, and high variability was registered in the level of biofilm formation among L. crispatus and L. gasseri strains. Culture supernatants derived from Lactobacillus biofilm and planktonic growth were tested toward a panel of Candida clinical isolates (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida lusitaniae, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Candida parapsilosis) and their metabolome assessed by 1H-NMR. L. crispatus and L. plantarum strains exhibited the best fungistatic profile, and biofilms enhanced their anti-Candida activity; on the contrary, L. gasseri strains were more effective when grown in a planktonic mode. Biofilm/planktonic mode of growth also affects Lactobacillus metabolism, mainly influencing nitrogen and amino acid pathways, and anti-Candida activity is instead strictly related to carbohydrate metabolism. The present study underlined the strict interdependence between microbial mode of growth, metabolism, and functional properties. Biofilm formation by members of the healthy human microbiota represents a crucial issue in the field of microbial physiology and host-microbiota interactions, beyond supporting the development of new antimycotic strategies based on probiotics grown in adherence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 750368
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Candida; Lactobacillus; biofilm; health benefits; metabolome; vaginal microbiota ; PCA ; cluster analysis ; 05.06. Methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Editorial: Source and Effects of Light to Moderate Magnitude Earthquakes (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-10
    Description: No abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: 822481
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Deformation Pattern of the Northern Sector of the Malta Escarpment (Offshore SE Sicily, Italy): Fault Dimension, Slip Prediction, and Seismotectonic Implications (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-14
    Description: Marine seismic reflection data coupled with on-land structural measurements improve our knowledge about the active deformation pattern of the northern sector of the Malta Escarpment, a bathymetric and structural discontinuity in the near-offshore of Eastern Sicily. As favourably oriented to be reactivated within the Neogene Africa–Europe convergence, it is believed that the Malta Escarpment has a significant role in the recent seismotectonic framework of the Western Ionian Basin and the Hyblean foreland domain of SE Sicily, where some of the largest and most destructive Mediterranean earthquakes are located according to available historical catalogs. Offshore seismic data along with bathymetric grids illuminate the shallow subseafloor setting and allow more accurate mapping of the seafloor expression of previously identified faults in the area. The seismic interpretation and the nearfault sediment pattern analysis provide constraints on fault 3D geometries as well as on their through-time tectonic activity, suggesting also that part of the observed deformation may have been caused by nontectonic processes. Identified faults form currently an E-dipping, roughly N–S trending, and 60 km-long extensional belt deforming the seafloor with a significant displacement amount in the Ionian offshore between Catania and Siracusa. 3-dimensional parameters of faults were then used to derive expected magnitudes and their reactivation propensity. Empirical scaling relationships and forward methods point to a high seismic potential for the detected fault as well as predict the fault slip behavior according to the fieldderived differential stress. This combined analysis along with faults displacement measurements pointed out how the longest and most continuous fault could be capable of generating M 〉 7 seismic events, putting forward strong seismotectonic implications for the adjacent and densely populated Hyblean Plateau. The expected magnitude and the estimated recurrence time interval are compatible with those inferred for large historical earthquakes in the area even if other offshore seismic sources cannot be ruled out.
    Description: Published
    Description: 594176
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Crustal Structure of the Seismogenic Volume of the 2010–2014 Pollino (Italy) Seismic Sequence From 3D P- and S-Wave Tomographic Images (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-14
    Description: A tomographic analysis of Mt. Pollino area (Italy) has been performed using earthquakes recorded in the area during an intense seismic sequence that occurred between 2010 and 2014. 870 local earthquakes with magnitude ranging from 1.8 to 5.0 were selected considering the number of recording stations, the signal quality, and the hypocenter distribution. P- and S-wave arrival times were manually picked and used to compute 3D velocity models through tomographic seismic inversion. The resulting 3D distributions of VP and VS are characterized by high resolution in the central part of the investigated area and from surface to about 10 km below sea level. The aim of the work is to obtain high- quality tomographic images to correlate with the main lithological units that characterize the study area. The results will be important to enhance the seismic hazard assessment of this complex tectonic region. These images show the ductile Apennine platform (VP = 5.3 km/s) overlaying the brittle Apulian platform (VP=6.0 km/s) at depth of around 5 km. The central sector of the area shows a clear fold and thrust interface. Along this structure,most of the seismicity occurred, including the strongest event of the sequence (M W 5.0). High V P (〉6.8 km/s) and high V P /VS (〉1.9) patterns, intersecting the southern edge of this western seismogenic volume, have been interpreted as water saturated rocks, in agreement with similar geological context in the Apennines. These fluids could have played a role in nucleation and development of the seismic sequence. A recent study revealed the occurrence of clusters of earthquakes with similar waveforms along the same seismogenic volume. The hypocenters of these cluster events have been compared with the events re-located in this work. Jointly, they depict a 10 km × 4 km fault plane, NW-SE oriented, deepening towards SW with a dip angle of 40–45° . Instead, the volume of seismicity responsible for the M L 4.3 earthquake developed as a mainshock-aftershock sequence, occurring entirely within the average-to-low VP /VS Apennine platform. Our results agree with other independent geophysical analyses carried out in this area, and they could significantly improve the actual knowledge of the main lithologic units of this complex tectonic area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 735340
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: elocity tomography, crustal structure, seismic sequence, geodynamics and seismicity, Italian Apennine, Pollino, seismic gap
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  • 20
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    Relating Dike Geometry and Injection Rate in Analogue Flux-Driven Experiments (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-03
    Description: Dikes feed most eruptions, so understanding their mechanism of propagation is fundamental for volcanic hazard assessment. The variation in geometry of a propagating dike as a function of the injection rate remains poorly studied. Here we use experiments injecting water into gelatin to investigate the variation of the thickness, width and length of a flux-driven dike connected to its source as a function of the injection time and intruded volume. Results show that the thickness of vertically propagating dikes is proportional to the injection rate and remains constant as long as the latter is constant. Neither buoyancy nor injected volume influence the thickness. The along-strike width of the dike is, however, proportional to the injected volume. These results, consistent with the inferred behavior of several dikes observed during emplacement, open new opportunities to better understand how dikes propagate and also to forecast how emplacing dikes may propagate once their geometric features are detected in real-time through monitoring data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 665865
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Relating Dike Geometry and Injection Rate in Analogue Flux-Driven Experiments
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    Italian Tsunami Effects Database (ITED): The First Database of Tsunami Effects Observed Along the Italian Coasts (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-02
    Description: Traditional tsunami catalogues are conceived as a collection of tsunamis classified by the generating cause, providing a general description of the effects observed for each tsunami. Those catalogues, even if they provide fundamental information, are not suitable for producing an exhaustive picture of the geographical distribution of the tsunami effects. In this paper we introduce the new Italian Tsunami Effects Database (ITED), a collection of evidence documenting the effects along the Italian coasts from historical times to present. The database comes forth the Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue (EMTC) and focusses on the effects of tsunamis observed along the Italian coasts providing descriptive and quantitative information for each OP. The information reported in ITED does not only concern the effects produced by Italian tsunamis, but also those effects produced by tsunamis originated outside the Italian territory. ITED contains 318 OPs, related to 73 Italian tsunamis and to four tsunamis which occurred outside Italy. The database can be accessed through aWebApp that displays for each OP the description of effects, quantitative data (run-up, inundation, withdrawal, etc.) and tsunami intensity with the corresponding bibliographic references. The database also provides the tsunami intensity distribution along time (tsunami-history) for each site, allowing the end user to know how a place has been affected by tsunamis over the time. The information contained in ITED makes this database a useful tool to understand how tsunamis have affected the Italian territory and emphasizes the importance of studying the tsunami hazard along the Italian coasts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 596044
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: tsunami ; tsunami effects ; historical tsunami ; Italian coasts ; tsunami intensity ; tsunami hazard ; tsunami history ; 05.02. Data dissemination
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    Genomic Insight of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18 Isolated From an Arsenic-Rich Hot Spring (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-02
    Description: Extreme environments are excellent places to find microorganisms capable of tolerating extreme temperature, pH, salinity pressure, and elevated concentration of heavy metals and other toxic compounds. In the last decades, extremophilic microorganisms have been extensively studied since they can be applied in several fields of biotechnology along with their enzymes. In this context, the characterization of heavy metal resistance determinants in thermophilic microorganisms is the starting point for the development of new biosystems and bioprocesses for environmental monitoring and remediation. This work focuses on the isolation and the genomic exploration of a new arsenic-tolerant microorganism, classified as Alicyclobacillus mali FL18. The bacterium was isolated from a hot mud pool of the solfataric terrains in Pisciarelli, a well-known hydrothermally active zone of the Campi Flegrei volcano near Naples in Italy. A. mali FL18 showed a good tolerance to arsenite (MIC value of 41 mM), as well as to other metals such as nickel (MIC 30 mM), cobalt, and mercury (MIC 3 mM and 17 μM, respectively). Signatures of arsenic resistance genes (one arsenate reductase, one arsenite methyltransferase, and several arsenite exporters) were found interspersed in the genome as well as several multidrug resistance efflux transporters that could be involved in the export of drugs and heavy metal ions. Moreover, the strain showed a high resistance to bacitracin and ciprofloxacin, suggesting that the extreme environment has positively selected multiple resistances to different toxic compounds. This work provides, for the first time, insights into the heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic susceptibility of an Alicyclobacillus strain and highlights its putative molecular determinants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 639697
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: arsenic resistance system ; bioremediation; ; toxic metals ; genomic sequencing and annotation; ; thermophilic microorganism; ; geothermal environment;
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    Magma Migration at Shallower Levels and Lava Fountains Sequence as Revealed by Borehole Dilatometers on Etna Volcano (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-03
    Description: A main challenge in open conduit volcanoes is to detect and interpret the ultra-small strain (〈10–6) associated with minor but critical eruptions such as the lava fountains. Two years after the flank eruption of December 2018, Etna generated a violent and spectacular eruptive sequence of lava fountains. There were 23 episodes from December 13, 2020 to March 31, 2021, 17 of which in the brief period 16 February to 31 March with an intensified occurrence rate. The high-precision borehole dilatometer network recorded significant strain changes in the forerunning phase of December 2020 accompanying the final magma migration at the shallower levels, and also during the single lava fountains and during the entire sequence. The source modeling provided further information on the shallow plumbing system. Moreover, the strain signals also gave useful information both on the explosive efficiency of the lava fountains sequence and the estimate of erupted volume. The high precision borehole dilatometers confirm to be strategic and very useful tool, also to detect and interpret ultra-small strain changes associated with explosive eruptions, such as lava fountains, in open conduit volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 740505
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: etna volcano ; lava fountains ; volcano monitoring ; borehole strainmeters ; eruption modeling ; Magma Migration at Shallower Levels and Lava Fountains Sequence as Revealed by Borehole Dilatometers on Etna Volcano
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    ANTASed – An Updated Sediment Model for Antarctica (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-11
    Description: We compile existing seismic, gravity, radar and magnetic data, together with the subglacial bedrock relief from the BEDMACHINE project, to build the most detailed sediment model for Antarctica. We interpolate these data according to a tectonic map of Antarctica using a statistical kriging method. Our results reveal significant sediment accumulation in Antarctica with several types of sedimentary basins: parts of the Beacon Supergroup and more recent rifting basins. The basement relief closely resembles major geological and tectonic structures. The thickness of sediments has significant variations around the continent, and depends on the degree of crustal extension. West Antarctica has wide sedimentary basins: the Ross basin (thickness 2–6 km), the Filchner-Ronne basin (2–12 km) with continuations into East Antarctica, the Bentley Subglacial Trench and the Byrd basin (2–4 km). The deepest Filchner-Ronne basin has a complex structure with multi-layered sediments. East Antarctica is characterized by vast sedimentary basins such as the Pensacola-Pole (1–2 km), Coats Land (1–3 km), Dronning Maud Land (1–2 km), Vostok (2–7 km), Aurora (1–3 km), Astrolabe (2–4 km), Adventure (2–4 km), and Wilkes (1–4 km) basins, along with narrow deep rifts filled by sediments: JutulStraumen (1–2 km), Lambert (2–5 km), Scott, Denman, Vanderford and Totten (2–4 km) rifts. The average thickness of sediments for the whole continent is about 0.77 km. The new model, ANTASed, represents a significant improvement over CRUST 1.0 for Antarctica, and reveals new sedimentary basins. Differences between ANTASed and CRUST 1.0 reach +12/−3 km.
    Description: Published
    Description: 722699
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Mixing in the Tyrrhenian Interior Due to Thermohaline Staircases (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: Thermohaline staircases are a well-known peculiar feature of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Generated by extensive double diffusion processes fueled by lateral intrusions, they are considered to be the most stable of all the staircases that have been detected in the world ocean, seeing their persistence of more than 40 years in the literature. Double diffusion leads to efficient vertical mixing, potentially playing a significant role in guiding the diapycnal mixing. The present study investigates this process of mixing in the case of the Tyrrhenian staircases by calculating the heat and salt fluxes in their gradient zones (interfaces) and the resulting net fluxes in adjacent layers using hydrological profiles collected from 2003 to 2016 at a station in the heart of the basin interior. The staircases favor downward fluxes of heat and salt, and the results of the calculations show that these are greater where temperature and salinity gradients are also high. This condition is more frequently encountered at thin and sharp interfaces, which sometimes appear as substructures of the thicker interfaces of the staircases. These substructures are hot spots where vertical fluxes are further accentuated. Due to the increasing salt and heat content of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) during the observation period, a rise in the values of the fluxes was noted in the portion of the water column below it down to about 1800 m. The data furthermore show that internal gravity waves can modulate the structure of the staircases and very likely contribute to the mixing, too, but the sampling frequency of the time series is too large to permit a proper assessment of these processes. It is shown that, at least during the period of observation, the fluxes due to salt fingers do not reach the bottom layer but remain within the staircases.
    Description: Published
    Description: 672437
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tyrrhenian Sea ; thermohaline staircases ; salt fingers ; diapycnal mixing ; heat and salt fluxes ; 03.03. Physical
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    Editorial: Seismicity in Volcanic Areas (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: Editorial article
    Description: Seismic activity (e.g., earthquakes, tremors) beneath volcanic areas is primarily caused by the dynamic interaction of molten rock and hydrothermal fluids with the solid host rock, by fracturing and fragmentation of the magma itself, and by tectonic processes interacting with the volcano. In addition, near-surface phenomena such as explosions and rockfalls at a volcanic edifice also produce seismic events. At volcano observatories globally, the real-time monitoring of the spatial and temporal patterns of seismic events is an essential geophysical tool to quantify the state of unrest, and forecast eruptions successfully. Seismic waveforms, earthquake catalogues and earthquake ray-path properties commonly supplement this tool to model the complex processes responsible for the earthquakes quantitatively, and to image subsurface magmatic and tectonic structures. Independent constraints provided by other disciplines such as geodesy and structural geology also significantly help scientists to understand the volcanic processes. Recent advances in earthquake recording technology, computing power and algorithms in artificial intelligence, allow processing and interpretation of large and complex multi-parametric datasets and scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 829460
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake swarms ; volcanic areas ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology
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    The Influence of Particle Concentration on the Formation of Settling-Driven Gravitational Instabilities at the Base of Volcanic Clouds (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: Settling-driven gravitational instabilities observed at the base of volcanic ash clouds have the potential to play a substantial role in volcanic ash sedimentation. They originate from a narrow, gravitationally unstable region called a Particle Boundary Layer (PBL) that forms at the lower cloud-atmosphere interface and generates downward-moving ash fingers that enhance the ash sedimentation rate. We use scaled laboratory experiments in combination with particle imaging and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) techniques to investigate the effect of particle concentration on PBL and finger formation. Results show that, as particles settle across an initial density interface and are incorporated within the dense underlying fluid, the PBL grows below the interface as a narrow region of small excess density. This detaches upon reaching a critical thickness, that scales with (Formula presented.), where (Formula presented.) is the kinematic viscosity and (Formula presented.) is the reduced gravity of the PBL, leading to the formation of fingers. During this process, the fluid above and below the interface remains poorly mixed, with only small quantities of the upper fluid phase being injected through fingers. In addition, our measurements confirm previous findings over a wider set of initial conditions that show that both the number of fingers and their velocity increase with particle concentration. We also quantify how the vertical particle mass flux below the particle suspension evolves with time and with the particle concentration. Finally, we identify a dimensionless number that depends on the measurable cloud mass-loading and thickness, which can be used to assess the potential for settling-driven gravitational instabilities to form. Our results suggest that fingers from volcanic clouds characterised by high ash concentrations not only are more likely to develop, but they are also expected to form more quickly and propagate at higher velocities than fingers associated with ash-poor clouds.
    Description: Published
    Description: 640090
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: PLIF ; analogue experiments ; ash concentration ; settling-driven gravitational instabilities ; tephra sedimentation ; volcanic ash clouds ; 04.08. Volcanology
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    Tidal Modulation of Hydrothermal Tremor: Examples From Ischia and Campi Flegrei Volcanoes, Italy (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-08
    Description: Volcano dynamics results from an interplay between internal and external processes spanning different time scales. Unravelling how such processes interact may provide key insights into the mechanisms that may lead to the destabilization of the volcanoes and eruption, a critical information to forecast hazards. Studies dealing with tidal influence on volcanoes fall within this context, yet the cause-effect relationship between tides and eruptions is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate the tidal influence on two nearby volcanoes, Ischia and Campi Flegrei (Italy), characterized by intense hydrothermal activity. We analyze the seismic tremor of hydrothermal origin recorded by four seismic stations between January and June 2020 by using Singular Spectrum Analysis. We detect up to five long term tidal periodicities ranging from ∼5 to ∼29 days. The results indicate that the seismic tremor is modulated by Earth tides at both volcanoes. In addition, differences in phase and amplitude modulation between the response of both hydrothermal systems to tidal forcing reveal specific features related to the tremor source and to properties of the surrounding medium. These phenomena indicate an interplay between solid Earth and the dynamics of these two volcanoes. Similar approaches on hydrothermal systems at volcanoes would contribute to better characterize the hydrothermal circulation and their evolving conditions that may represent a precursor of a new phase of activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 775269
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; Ischia ; seismic tremor ; hydrothermal activity ; tidal modulation ; SSA ; 04.08. Volcanology
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    Tsunamis From Submarine Collapses Along the Eastern Slope of the Gela Basin (Strait of Sicily) (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: Geophysical surveys in the eastern slope of the Gela Basin (Strait of Sicily, central Mediterranean) contributed to the identification of several episodes of sediment mass transport, recorded by scars and deposits of various dimensions within the Pleistocene succession. In addition to a huge failure called Gela Slide with volume exceeding 600 km3, the most studied events show volumes estimated between 0.5 and 1.5 km3, which is common to many other submarine landslide deposits in this region and that can therefore be considered as a characteristic value. In this work, the tsunamigenic potential of two of such landslides, the so-called Northern Twin Slide and South Gela Basin Slide located about 50 km apart along the eastern slope of the Gela Basin, are investigated using numerical codes that describe the onset and motion of the slide, as well as the ensuing tsunami generation and propagation. The results provide the wave height of these tsunami events on the coast of southern Sicily and Malta and can be taken as representative of the tsunamigenic potential of typical landslides occurring along the slope of the Gela Basin.
    Description: Published
    Description: 602171
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: tsunami ; landslide ; hydrosphere
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    SMART Subsea Cables for Observing the Earth and Ocean, Mitigating Environmental Hazards, and Supporting the Blue Economy (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-10
    Description: The Joint Task Force, Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications (JTF SMART) Subsea Cables, is working to integrate environmental sensors for ocean bottom temperature, pressure, and seismic acceleration into submarine telecommunications cables. The purpose of SMART Cables is to support climate and ocean observation, sea level monitoring, observations of Earth structure, and tsunami and earthquake early warning and disaster risk reduction, including hazard quantification. Recent advances include regional SMART pilot systems that are the first steps to trans-ocean and global implementation. Examples of pilots include: InSEA wet demonstration project off Sicily at the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory Western Ionian Facility; New Caledonia and Vanuatu; French Polynesia Natitua South system connecting Tahiti to Tubaui to the south; Indonesia starting with short pilot systems working toward systems for the Sumatra-Java megathrust zone; and the CAM-2 ring system connecting Lisbon, Azores, and Madeira. This paper describes observing system simulations for these and other regions. Funding reflects a blend of government, development bank, philanthropic foundation, and commercial contributions. In addition to notable scientific and societal benefits, the telecommunications enterprise’s mission of global connectivity will benefit directly, as environmental awareness improves both the integrity of individual cable systems as well as the resilience of the overall global communications network. SMART cables support the outcomes of a predicted, safe, and transparent ocean as envisioned by the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and the Blue Economy. As a continuation of the OceanObs’19 conference and community white paper (Howe et al., 2019, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00424), an overview of the SMART programme and a description of the status of ongoing projects are given.
    Description: Published
    Description: 775544
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Surface Velocities and Strain-Rates in the Euro-Mediterranean Region From Massive GPS Data Processing (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: In this work we present and discuss new geodetic velocity and strain-rate fields for the Euro-Mediterranean region obtained from the analysis of continuous GNSS stations. We describe the procedures and methods adopted to analyze raw GPS observations from 〉4000 stations operating in the Euro-Mediterranean, Eurasian and African regions. The goal of this massive analysis is the monitoring of Earth’s crust deformation in response to tectonic processes, including plate- and micro-plate kinematics, geodynamics, active tectonics, earthquake-cycle, but also the study of a wide range of geophysical processes, natural and anthropogenic subsidence, sea-level changes, and hydrology. We describe the computational infrastructure, the methods and procedures adopted to obtain a threedimensional GPS velocity field, which is used to obtain spatial velocity gradients and horizontal strain-rates. We then focus on the Euro-Mediterranean region, where we discuss the horizontal and vertical velocities, and spatial velocity gradients, obtained from stations that have time-series lengths longer than 6 and 7 years, which are found to be the minimum spans to provide stable and reliable velocity estimates in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. We compute the horizontal strain-rate field and discuss deformation patterns and kinematics along the major seismogenic belts of the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary zone in the Mediterranean region. The distribution and density of continuous GNSS stations in our geodetic solution allow us to estimate the strain-rate field at a spatial scale of ~27 km over a large part of southern Europe, with the exclusion of the Dinaric mountains and Balkans.
    Description: The GNSS data analysis center described in this work is realized and maintained by different founding resources and projects, including EPOS-MIUR, the Department of Italian Civil Protection and Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia agreement (Annex A), Programma Operativo Nazionale (PON) GRINT, ILG Minerbio, MISE DGISSEGINGV 2020 agreement, Med-MFC. FP is supported by the project MUSE, funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), within which the re-analysis discussed in this work has been developed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 907897
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: GNSS data processing ; time series analysis ; horizontal strain rates ; vertical ground velocities ; Euro- Mediterranean region
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    The Volcano-Tectonics of the Northern Sector of Ischia Island Caldera (Southern Italy): Resurgence, Subsidence and Earthquakes (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: The island of Ischia, an active volcanic field emerging in the western sector of the Gulf of Naples (Southern Italy), represents an archetypal case of caldera that underwent a very large resurgence related to the intrusion of a shallow magma body. The resurgence culminated with the formation of a structural high in the central sector of the island, i.e., the Mt. Epomeo block. This is bordered by a system of faults along which volcanic activity occurred up to 1302 A.D., and damaging earthquakes were generated in historical and recent time. The seismicity is located prevalently in the northern sector of the island and appears to be correlated with the most recent phase (〈5 ka) of ground movement (subsidence), although the mechanism of earthquakes’ generation is still debated. By jointly analyzing offshore and onshore data (seismic profile and stratigraphy wells, respectively) and new petrological and geochemical data related to the most recent phase of volcano-tectonic activity, we develop a geological and structural layout of the northern sector of the island. In particular, we identify the seismogenic fault associated with the historical and recent destructive earthquakes of Ischia. This fault formed in the northern sector of the island during the final stage of the resurgence.We also propose a conceptual volcano-tectonic model of the northern sector of the Ischia Island, depicting the displacement of the fault zones in the off-shore area and the possible mechanism of stress loading and release in the on-shore zone, which is mainly driven by the subsidence of the Mt. Epomeo block. Our results are crucial for evaluating the dynamics of the seismogenic structures in the framework
    Description: Published
    Description: 730023
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
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    SOURCE: Sea Observations Utility for Reprocessing, Calibration and Evaluation (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: SOURCE utility for reprocessing, calibration, and evaluation is a software designed for web applications that permits to calibrate and validate ocean models within a selected spatial domain using in-situ observations. Nowadays, in-situ observations can be freely accessed online through several marine data portals together with the metadata information about the data provenance and its quality. Metadata information and compliance with modern data standards allow the user to select and filter the data according to the level of quality required for the intended use and application. However, the available data sets might still contain anomalous data, bad data flagged as good, due to several reasons, i.e., the general quality assurance procedures adopted by the data infrastructure, the selected data type, the timeliness of delivery, etc. In order to provide accurate model skill scores, the SOURCE utility performs a secondary quality check, or re-processing, of observations through gross check tests and a recursive statistical quality control. This first and basic SOURCE implementation uses Near Real Time moored temperature and salinity observations distributed by the Copernicus Marine Environment and Monitoring Service (CMEMS) and two model products from Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), the first an analysis and the second a reanalysis, distributed during CMEMS phase I for the Mediterranean Sea. The SOURCE tool is freely available to the scientific community through the ZENODO open access repository, consistent with the open science principles and for that it has been designed to be relocatable, to manage multiple model outputs, and different data types. Moreover, its observation reprocessing module provides the possibility to characterize temperature and salinity variability at each mooring site and continuously monitor the ocean state. Highest quality mooring time series at 90 sites and the corresponding model values have been obtained and used to compute model skill scores. The SOURCE output also includes mooring climatologies, trends, Probability Density Functions and averages at different time scales. Model skill scores and site statistics can be used to visually inspect both model and sensor performance in Near Real Time at the single site or at the basin scale. The SOURCE utility uptake allows the interested user to adapt it to its specific purpose or domain, including for example additional parameters and statistics for early warning applications.
    Description: This work has been co-funded by the Italian RITMARE Flagship Project and the INGV internal project Relocatable integrated Cal/Val system for sea observations reprocessing and ocean models evaluation (project code 9999.526 - RL2019)
    Description: Published
    Description: 750387
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
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    PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science - INTERACT Workshop 2022 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3INTERACT Webinar on Data Repositories, Online, 2022-05-12Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 35
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    Editorial: Volcanic Islands—A Challenge for Volcanology (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-16
    Description: Most volcanoes on the Earth rise from the bottom of seas and oceans. Most of them do not reach the surface of sea and remain hidden to all conventional observations from surface and space. Only some of them rise above the sea level, forming islands and passing from submarine to subaerial volcanism. Volcanic islands develop in virtually all the geodynamic contexts on Earth, from mid-ocean ridges (Iceland), to intraplate (Hawaii), to volcanic arcs (Aeolian Islands). All the liquid-descent evolutive degrees of magma are finally represented, from primitive compositions up to strongly evolved rhyolite, trachyte and phonolite lavas. So, the eruptive styles of these volcanoes range consequently from mild effusions to plinian eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 954902
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: volcanoes ; seafloor ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 36
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    Eruptions and Social Media: Communication and Public Outreach About Volcanoes and Volcanic Activity in Italy (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-16
    Description: Italy is the land of iconic volcanoes, whose activity has been witnessed, described and portrayed for centuries. This legacy has greatly contributed to shaping the public perception of volcanoes and their impact, well beyond the national borders. Stories about famous eruptions overlap and nowadays easily mix up with the impressive footage that is readily available from ongoing eruptions worldwide. As a result, the public discourse may flatten the wide spectrum of possible phenomena into an oversimplified sketch of volcanic eruptions and their impact, where all events seem equally probable and look alike. Actual volcanoes differ in size, eruption magnitude, state of activity, eruptive style, geographical position, and each is located within a specific social and cultural context. All these elements combine in defining the consequences of volcanic activity as well as in determining the severity of the damage and the size of the impacted area. How can we convey such a complexity to the general public? Can social media contribute to raise awareness and build a more resilient society? An effective hazard communication should propose a comprehensible yet realistic description of volcanic settings and provide adequate tools to recognize and understand the specific features of each phenomenon and volcanic area. As we write, two Italian volcanoes display persistent eruptive activity, while other two are going through unrest phases that started in 2012, at Campi Flegrei, and in late summer of 2021, at Vulcano Island. Other active volcanoes (Vesuvius, Ischia, Colli Albani, Lipari, and Pantelleria) have been dormant for tens, hundreds, or thousands of years. Communication in these different contexts also require different approaches that take into account the specific needs of local communities. Social media may provide a unique opportunity to quickly share relevant news and information. Yet, this type of communication has its challenges and volcano observatories can rarely rely on expert social media managers. Sharing experiences and lessons learned is a key to ensure the growth of the volcanological community and improve its ability to connect and engage local residents. Here we discuss the online communication strategies implemented by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) since 2018 to inform Internet and social media users about volcanoes, volcanology, and ongoing volcanic activity, both in Italy and abroad. We describe the internal procedures that we developed and practiced and the experience gathered so far, during both quiet periods and a few volcanic crises. Our experience confirms previous indications about the importance of a steady online presence and suggests that public interest is not always easily predictable.
    Description: Published
    Description: 926155
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: JCR Journal
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    Multi-parametric study of an eruptive phase comprising unrest, major explosions, crater failure, pyroclastic density currents and lava flows: Stromboli volcano, 1 December 2020–30 June 2021 (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-22
    Description: Open conduit volcanoes like Stromboli can display elusive changes in activity before major eruptive events. Starting on December 2020, Stromboli volcano displayed an increasing eruptive activity, that on 19 May 2021 led to a crater-rim collapse, with pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) that spread along the barren NWflank, entered the sea and ran across it for more than 1 km. This episode was followed by lava flow output from the crater rim lasting a few hours, followed by another phase of lava flow in June 2021. These episodes are potentially very dangerous on island volcanoes since a landslide of hot material that turns into a pyroclastic density current and spreads on the sea surface can threaten mariners and coastal communities, as happened at Stromboli on 3 July and 28 August 2019. In addition, on entering the sea, if their volume is large enough, landslides may trigger tsunamis, as occurred at Stromboli on 30 December 2002. In this paper, we present an integration of multidisciplinary monitoring data, including thermal and visible camera images, ground deformation data gathered from GNSS, tilt, strainmeter and GBInSAR, seismicity, SO2 plume and CO2 ground fluxes and thermal data from the ground and satellite imagery, together with petrological analyses of the erupted products compared with samples from previous similar events. We aim at characterizing the preparatory phase of the volcano that began on December 2020 and led to the May–June 2021 eruptive activity, distinguishing this small intrusion of magma from the much greater 2019 eruptive phase, which was fed by gas-rich magma responsible for the paroxysmal explosive and effusive phases of July–August 2019. These complex eruption scenarios have important implications for hazard assessment and the lessons learned at Stromboli volcano may prove useful for other open conduit active basaltic volcanoes.
    Description: This research was funded by the Project FIRSTForecastIng eRuptive activity at Stromboli volcano: Timing, eruptive style, size, intensity, and duration, INGV-Progetto Strategico Dipartimento Vulcani 2019 (Delibera n. 144/2020). This research was funded by the “Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri–Dipartimento della Protezione Civile,” through the UniFi-DPC 2019-2021 agreement (Scientific Responsibility: N.C.).
    Description: Published
    Description: 899635
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; multi-disciplinary monitoring data ; crater-rim collapse ; pyroclastic density current ; hazard assessment ; 04.08. Volcanology
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    On the Link Between Global Volcanic Activity and Global Mean Sea Level (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-27
    Description: Studying a large number of volcanic eruptions is a way to decipher general characteristics related to volcano dynamics but also on external forcing influencing it, such as solid Earth and ocean tides. Many studies have tackled this tidal influence on the onset of volcanic eruptions and more generally, on volcanic activity. However, the interplay between this quasi-permanent forcing and volcanic systems is still poorly understood. With the present study, we propose to consider a global viewpoint to address this interaction. We analyzed the number of monthly volcanic eruptions and the global mean sea level between 1880 and 2009 using the Singular Spectrum Analysis time-series analysis technique to evaluate the existence of common periodicities. We found multi-decadal components of similar periodicities present in both time-series which we link to those already recognized in the polar motion. Its multi-decadal variations result in a mass reorganization in the oceans whose associated stress changes may impact processes generating volcanic eruptions worldwide. Our results show the influence of global processes on volcanic activity and open many questions to further investigate these multi-scale interactions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 845511
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: external forcing ; volcanic activity ; global mean sea level ; solid Earth and ocean tides ; eruption triggering ; interaction external/internal processes ; singular spectrum analysis ; polar motion ; 04.08. Volcanology
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  • 39
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    Sea Wave Data Reconstruction Using Micro-Seismic Measurements and Machine Learning Methods (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-17
    Description: Sea wave monitoring is key in many applications in oceanography such as the validation of weather and wave models. Conventional in situ solutions are based on moored buoys whose measurements are often recognized as a standard. However, being exposed to a harsh environment, they are not reliable, need frequent maintenance, and the datasets feature many gaps. To overcome the previous limitations, we propose a system including a buoy, a micro-seismic measuring station, and a machine learning algorithm. The working principle is based on measuring the micro-seismic signals generated by the sea waves. Thus, the machine learning algorithm will be trained to reconstruct the missing buoy data from the micro-seismic data. As the micro-seismic station can be installed indoor, it assures high reliability while the machine learning algorithm provides accurate reconstruction of the missing buoy data. In this work, we present the methods to process the data, develop and train the machine learning algorithm, and assess the reconstruction accuracy. As a case of study, we used experimental data collected in 2014 from the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea demonstrating that the data reconstruction can be done both for significant wave height and wave period. The proposed approach was inspired from Data Science, whose methods were the foundation for the new solutions presented in this work. For example, estimating the period of the sea waves, often not discussed in previous works, was relatively simple with machine learning. In conclusion, the experimental results demonstrated that the new system can overcome the reliability issues of the buoy keeping the same accuracy.
    Description: Assist in Gravitation and Instrumentation srl Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 798167
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: sea swell ; machine learning ; ocean waves ; micro-seismic data ; sea state ; sea wave period ; buoy ; Marine Science ; Oceanography
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  • 40
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    Volcanic and Seismic Source Modeling: An Open Tool for Geodetic Data Modeling (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-08
    Description: Volcanic and Seismic source Modeling (VSM) is an open-source Python tool to model ground deformation. VSM allows the user to choose one or more deformation sources of various shapes as a forward model among sphere, spheroid, ellipsoid, rectangular dislocation, and sill. It supports multiple datasets from most satellite and terrestrial geodetic techniques: Interferometric SAR, GNSS, leveling, Electronic Distance Measurements, tiltmeters, and strainmeters. Two sampling algorithms are available: one is a global optimization algorithm based on the Voronoi cells and yields the best-fitting solution and the second follows a probabilistic approach to parameters estimation based on the Bayes theorem and the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. VSM can be executed as Python script, in Jupyter Notebook environments, or by its Graphical User Interface. Its broad applications range from high-level research to teaching, from single studies to near real-time hazard estimates. Potential users range from early-career scientists to experts. It is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/EliTras/VSM) and is accompanied by step-by-step documentation in Jupyter Notebooks. This study presents the functionalities of VSM and test cases to describe its use and comparisons among possible settings.
    Description: This work was jointly supported by the “Research Lifecycle Management technologies for Earth Science Communities and Copernicus users in EOSC” Reliance project funded by the European Commission’s H2020 2021-2022 (Grant Agreement no. 101017501); Pianeta Dinamico—Working Earth project (2020-2030) funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (Decree no. 1118 04/12/2019); and “Linking Surface Observables to sub-Volcanic Plumbing-System: A Multidisciplinary Approach for Eruption Forecasting at Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy)” LOVE-CF (2020-2023) project funded by INGV (Internal Register no. 1865 17/07/2020).
    Description: Published
    Description: 917222
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: analytical model ; geodetic data ; natural hazards ; open science ; inverse theory ; InSAR ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 41
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    Editorial: External forcing on volcanoes and volcanic processes: Observations, analysis and implications (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-09
    Description: Volcanoes are complex systems that evolve in space and time as a result of their internal dynamics. These internal dynamics span both long and short time scales, reflecting the different steps for the magma to form, accumulate and evolve before being eventually erupted. All of these stages may be influenced by processes external to the volcano, although most of the evidence that has been gathered on this has considered influences on the magmatic fluids stored at crustal depths, or emerging at surface. External forcing acts either through the stress or gravitational fields that may accelerate or slow down the transfer of magma towards the surface. Changing tectonic stresses and Earth tides may induce changes in the dynamical state of volcanoes, ultimately providing the triggers that may lead to eruption. Water, which is ubiquitous on Earth, and present in its different fluid and solid envelopes, appears to play a key role, acting on volcanic systems from pore- to global-scale in various ways (hydrological modulation, ice cap loading), due to its physico-chemical properties. This Research Topic brings together contributions, which provide new constraints and lines of evidence on the nature and variety of external processes influencing activity at quiet, restless and erupting volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 999214
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: external forcing ; modulation of volcanic processes ; eruption triggering ; periodic variations and behaviors ; short and long time scales ; 04.08. Volcanology
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  • 42
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    Natural hazards and earthquake science: Gender matters (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-22
    Description: Gender equality is far from being reached in the areas of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Women in Earth Sciences still remain underrepresented although positive trends are recognized in the last decades. Dealing with gender inequalities in academia, however, is only part of the problem. As well as Earth Sciences need more women in leadership positions and decision-making committees, and more girls educated in the field, alike there are well-founded reasons for scientists to put attention to gender in a broader sense. According to United Nations, inadequate attention has been given how gender inequality drives disaster risks and impacts. The present contribution aims to broaden the gender perspective from improving underrepresentation in the workplace and breaking down barriers in research careers, to including gender in research content in an extensive sense. A paradigm shift is proposed from women in science to women in society, coping with gender-responsive disaster risk reduction and multiple gender dimensions in Earth Sciences. Counterbalancing present inequalities in the workplace, as well as applying a gender lens in all hazard-related activities is needed to cope with complex social systems in earthquake-prone areas. An intersectional approach and transdisciplinary research are needed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1033321
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: gender, women, gender-responsive, disaster risk reduction, natural hazards, earthquake science ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
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    Public earthquake communication in Italy through a multi-source social media platform: The INGVterremoti experience (2010–2022) (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-16
    Description: Communicating scientific information about earthquakes is an important and delicate issue in countries like Italy, where seismic risk is high. Furthermore, continuous and scientifically sound communication is needed, especially in recent times when social media have amplified the risk of being biased by misinformation, fake news and conspiracy theories. For this reason, we have developed a communication strategy for earthquake science and risk in Italy, mostly based on social media. The INGVterremoti platform was born between 2010 and 2012 with the goal of increasing scientific information released to the public, and also establishing a two-way communication channel between scientists and citizens. In the past 12 years, the INGVterremoti platform has gained trust and popularity, increasing the number of involved people, which amounts today to several hundred thousand. The platform consists of a coordinated suite of social media channels and a blog-magazine, where updates on ongoing earthquake sequences and posts on scientific topics are continuously published. Our end users are mostly citizens, but also authorities and media. Special attention has been given to interactions with the public, especially on our Facebook page, in order to understand their information needs, identify rumors and fake news, particularly in areas affected by seismic sequences, and address the most pressing requests. In this paper we describe the INGVterremoti strategy, the different media that we use, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses. We concentrate on the experience, carried out in the last few years, of the publication of provisional information on ongoing earthquakes, a long-standing issue strongly requested by our followers. The INGVterremoti platform has played a fundamental role in many seismic sequences of the past 12 years in Italy, starting from the Emilia sequence in 2012, to the central Italy one, started with the deadly earthquake of 24 August 2016 and still ongoing. Besides the periods of high attention after strong earthquakes, we used the INGVterremoti social media as a tool for releasing continuous and sound information to the public, and as a way to involve citizens in the communication arena.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1003867
    Description: 4TM. Web e Social
    Description: JCR Journal
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    The heterogeneity of the Mexican lithospheric mantle: Clues from noble gas and CO2 isotopes in fluid inclusions (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-15
    Description: The abundance of mantle-derived rocks and lavas, in combination with its tectonic evolution, render Mexico a perfect laboratory to investigate the chemical and the isotopic heterogeneity of the lithospheric mantle. New data on the composition of noble gases and CO2 in Mexican mantle xenoliths and lavas is reported. Our samples consist of six ultramafic nodules from the Durango Volcanic Field (DVF) and the San Quintin Volcanic Field (SQVF), monogenetic complexes belonging to the Mexican Basin and Range province; and four lavas from the Sierra Chichinautzin (SCN), a Quaternary monogenetic volcanic field located in the Mexican volcanic arc. Ne and Ar isotopes in fluid inclusions reveal mixing between atmospheric and MORB-like fluids (e.g., 40Ar/36Ar 〈 1,200). DVF and SQVF nodules record low 40Ar/36Ar and 4He/20Ne that confirm the existence of recycled atmospheric-derived noble gases in the local mantle. The averages of the Rc/Ra ratios (3He/4He corrected for atmospheric contamination) measured in Mexican localities are within the MORB-like range: DVF= 8.39 ± 0.24 Ra, SQVF = 7.43 ± 0.19 Ra and SCN lavas = 7.15 ± 0.33 Ra (1σ). With the aim of assessing the isotopic variability of the Mexican lithospheric mantle, the above results were compared with similar data previously obtained from ultramafic nodules found in the Ventura Espiritu Santo Volcanic Field (VESVF), another Quaternary monogenetic volcanic complex belonging the Basin and Range. The higher 3He/4He ratios in DVF relative to those reported for the VESVF and the SQVF are explained as reflecting different ages of mantle refertilization, triggered by the retreating of the Farallon slab (~40 Ma ago) and associated delamination slab processes. We propose that the DVF mantle was refertilized more recently (〈10 Ma ago) than the mantle beneath the SQVF and VESVF (~40–20 Ma ago). On the other hand, He-Ne- Ar compositions of SCN olivines share similarities with VESVF xenoliths,suggesting a relatively homogeneous lithospheric mantle in central Mexico. Finally, DVF and the SCN samples exhibit δ13C values within the MORB range (comparable to other values previously reported in fluid inclusions and fumaroles from Popocatépetl, Colima—Ceboruco volcanoes). While we explain the MORB-like carbon signatures of the DVF samples as the result of the above-mentioned refertilization process, the SCN signatures likely reflect either (i) trapping of isotopically fractionated CO2 derived from magmatic degassing or (ii) a mantle source unaffected by subduction-related crustal carbon recycling.
    Description: Published
    Description: 973645
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Basin and Range province ; Trans-mexican Volcanic Belt ; Mexican mantle xenoliths ; arc lavas ; fluid inclusions ; noble gas isotopes ; CO2 isotopes ; carbon recycling ; 04.08. Volcanology
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  • 45
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    On the feasibility and usefulness of high-performance computing in probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment: An application to tephra hazard from Campi Flegrei (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-23
    Description: For active volcanoes, knowledge about probabilities of eruption and impacted areas becomes valuable information for decision-makers to develop short- and long-term emergency plans, for which probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment (PVHA) is needed. High-resolution or spatially extended PVHA requires extreme-scale high-performance computing systems. Within the framework of ChEESE (Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth; www.cheese-coe.eu), an effort was made to generate exascale-suitable codes and workflows to collect and process in some hours the large amount of data that a quality PVHA requires. To this end, we created an optimized HPC-based workflow coined PVHA_HPC-WF to develop PVHA for a volcano. This tool uses the Bayesian event tree methodology to calculate eruption probabilities, vent-opening location(s), and eruptive source parameters (ESPs) based on volcano history, monitoring system data, and meteorological conditions. Then, the tool interacts with the chosen hazard model, performing a simulation for each ESP set or volcanic scenario (VS). Finally, the resulting information is processed by proof-of-concept-subjected high-performance data analytics (HPDA) scripts, producing the hazard maps which describe the probability over time of exceeding critical thresholds at each location in the investigated geographical domain. Although PVHA_HPC-WF can be adapted to other hazards, we focus here on tephra (i.e., lapilli and ash) transport and deposition. As an application, we performed PVHA for Campi Flegrei (CF), Italy, an active volcano located in one of the most densely inhabited areas in Europe and under busy air traffic routes. CF is currently in unrest, classified as being in an attention level by the Italian Civil Protection. We consider an approximate 2,000 × 2,000 × 40 km computational domain with 2 km grid resolution in the horizontal and 40 vertical levels, centered in CF. To explore the natural variability and uncertainty of the eruptive conditions, we consider a large number of VSs allowing us to include those of low probability but high impact, and simulations of tephra dispersal are performed for each of them using the FALL3D model. Results show the potential of HPC to timely execute a vast range of simulations of complex numerical models in large high-resolution computational domains and analyze great volumes of data to obtain quality hazard maps.
    Description: Published
    Description: 941789
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 46
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    A GIS-Based Hydrogeological Approach to the Assessment of the Groundwater Circulation in the Ischia Volcanic Island (Italy) (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-14
    Description: Assessing the variations in space and time of groundwater circulation in volcanic islands is of paramount importance to the description of the hydro-geo-thermal system and implementation of hydrogeological, geochemical, and volcanic monitoring systems. In fact, the reliable reconstruction of the groundwater potentiometric surface in such composite volcanic aquifer systems can enable the identification of the most advantageous strategies for both the sustainable use of groundwater resources and the management of volcanic risk. Geographical Information System (GIS) platforms can support the integration and analysis of many spatial and temporal variables derived from monitoring of active volcanoes and the elaboration of spatially continuous data. However, open issues still affect the reliability and general applicability of common spatial interpolation methods in the case of groundwater potentiometric surfaces. This is related to the assessment of the main stratigraphic and volcano-tectonic features affecting the hydraulic head changes. With regard to the dynamically very active Ischia Island (Italy), this study illustrates a GIS-based hydrogeological approach to identify the most accurate interpolation method for mapping the potentiometric surface in complex hydrogeological terrains. The proposed approach has been applied to the existing dataset (1977–2003) stored by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Based on a careful geological and hydrogeological survey, a total of 267 wells, from 5 to 250 m in depth, were processed. The data pre-processing involved four meteorological time-series data (1922–1997) and six long records of piezometric water levels (1930–1994). As a result, knowledge of the delineation of rather homogeneous stratigraphic and volcano-tectonic structures at the basin-scale has improved. Thus, new, more reliable potentiometric surfaces of the four main geothermal areas closest to the coast were produced during both dry and wet seasons. The reliability of the processed potentiometric surface was then validated by comparing the spatially continuous data with complementary field data. These findings point toward an optimal interpolation approach for representing the seasonal and areal distribution of main hydrogeological parameters in complex aquifer systems. Finally, insights into variations of hydrological behavior at an active volcanic area will foster an understanding of possible involvement of fresh and thermal waters in triggering phreatic explosions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 883719
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: groundwater map ; hydrothermal system ; conceptual model ; volcanic island hydrogeology ; spatial interpolation ; GIS ; Ischia Island
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 47
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    (Table 2) Geochemistry at DSDP Holes 62-464 and 62-465A (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Seifert, Karl E; Vallier, Tracy L; Windom, Kenneth E; Morgan, S R (1981): Geochemistry and petrology of igneous rocks, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 62. In: Thiede, J; Vallier, TL; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 62, 945-953, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.62.149.1981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: Igneous rocks were recovered from three sites on Hess Rise during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 62: altered basalt at Site 464, at the northern end of Hess Rise; and altered trachyte from Site 465, and rounded basalt pebbles in upper Albian to middle Miocene sediments from Site 466, both at the southern end of Hess Rise. Major-, minor-, and trace-element data for basalt from Hole 464 are consistent with these rocks being transitional tholeiites that have undergone low-temperature alteration by reaction with sea water. Trachyte from Hole 465A exhibits as many as three generations of plagioclase along with potash feldspar that are flow aligned in groundmasses alterted to smectites and random mixed-layer clays. Textural evidence indicates that these rocks were eruped subaerially. Chemical data show a range of values when plotted on two- and three-component variation diagrams. The observed variations may result in part from differentiation, but they also reflect the high degree of alteration. Several oxides and elements show strong correlation with H2O+: K2O, SiO2, Rb and Lu decrease and MgO increases with increasing H2O+. These trends, except for that of Lu, are consistent with experimentally determined changes in chemistry that accompany alteration. The trend for Lu has not been previously reported; it may result from a more-intense alteration of the HREE-rich mafic minerals than of the LREE-rich feldspars. Despite their alteration, the trachytes compare favorably with alkalic differentiates from oceanic islands. We interpret Hess Rise as a volcanic platform formed by eruption of off-ridge volcanic rocks onto MORB oceanic crust during the Aptian and Albian stages, after the basement had migrated away from the spreading center. By analogy with present oceanic islands, we propose that early tholeiitic basalts were followed by alkalic basalts and their differentiation products (trachytes), producing a volcanic archipelago of islands and seamounts. Subsequent tectonism and subsidence led to the present state of Hess Rise.
    Keywords: 62-464; 62-465A; Aluminium oxide; Barium; Calcium oxide; Carbon dioxide; Cerium; Cobalt; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Europium; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Hafnium; Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA); Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Iron oxide, FeO; Lanthanum; Leg62; Lutetium; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; North Pacific/CONT RISE; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Rubidium; Samarium; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Scandium; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Strontium; Tantalum; Terbium; Thorium; Titanium dioxide; Total; Water in rock; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Ytterbium; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 702 data points
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  • 48
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    (Table 1) Geochemistry of Nauru Basin basalts from the lower portion of DSDP Hole 61-462A (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Seifert, Karl E (1981): Geochemistry of Nauru Basin basalts from the lower portion of Hole 462A, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 61. In: Larson, RL; Schlanger, SO; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 61, 705-708, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.61.129.1981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: Atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis were used to determine concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, FeOt, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, MnO, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Sc, Co, Cr, Th, Hf, and Ta for 14 basalt samples from the lower portion of Hole 462A in the Nauru Basin. The basalts are similar to normal midocean ridge basalt (MORB) for the elements analyzed, and light rare-earth elements (LREE) are depleted relative to heavy rare-earth elements (HREE). Two samples are extensively altered to smectites and show significant reductions in Al2O3, CaO, MnO, Na2O, REE, Sc, Co, and Hf and gains in MgO and FeOt relative to unaltered samples. The increase in MgO and decrease in CaO indicate that alteration was caused by hydrothermal solutions.
    Keywords: 61-462A; Aluminium oxide; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); Calcium oxide; Cerium; Chromium; Cobalt; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Europium; Glomar Challenger; Hafnium; Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA); Iron oxide, FeO; Lanthanum; Leg61; Lutetium; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Potassium oxide; Samarium; Sample code/label; Scandium; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Tantalum; Terbium; Thorium; Ytterbium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 317 data points
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  • 49
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    Grain size distribution of carbonate free sediment for the time slice 12000 years B.P. of sediment cores of the northern subtropical Atlantic (App. 3) (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: A150/180; A180-73; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantische Kuppenfahrten 1967/1-3; BC; BCR; Box corer; Box corer (Reineck); Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; East Atlantic; Elevation of event; Event label; GIK12309-2; GIK12310-4; GIK12328-5; GIK12329-6; GIK12331-4; GIK12345-5; GIK12347-2; GIK12379-3; GIK12392-1; GIK13207-3; GIK13209-2; GIK13289-1; Grain size, mean radius; KAL; Kasten corer; KOL; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; M12392-1; M25; M8; M8_017-1; M8/17-1; Meteor (1964); off NW Africa; PC; Piston corer; Piston corer (Kiel type); Size fraction 〉 0.006 mm, silt; South Atlantic Ocean; SP8-4; SPC; Sphincter corer; V10; V10-83; V16; V16-20; V19; V19-303; V22; V22-197; V23; V23-100; V23-91; V25; V25-44; V26; V26-41; V27; V27-178; V31; V31-2; V32; V32-31; VA-10/3; Valdivia (1961); Vema
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 103 data points
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  • 50
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    (Table 5) Composition of whole rocks, magnesium oxide enriched trends from DSDP Hole 52-418A (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Keywords: 52-418A; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Clinopyroxene; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, FeO; Leg52; Magnesium oxide; Matrix; North Atlantic/CONT RISE; Olivine; Plagioclase; Potassium oxide; Sample code/label; Sample method; Silicon dioxide; Titanium dioxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24 data points
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  • 51
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    (Table 5) Composition of whole rocks, magnesium oxide enriched trends from DSDP Hole 51-417D (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Keywords: 51-417D; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Clinopyroxene; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, FeO; Leg51; Magnesium oxide; Matrix; North Atlantic/CONT RISE; Olivine; Plagioclase; Potassium oxide; Sample code/label; Sample method; Silicon dioxide; Titanium dioxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 52 data points
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  • 52
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    (Table 5) Composition of whole rocks from DSDP Hole 53-418A (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Keywords: 53-418A; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Clinopyroxene; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, FeO; Leg53; Magnesium oxide; Matrix; Olivine; Plagioclase; Potassium oxide; Sample code/label; Sample method; Silicon dioxide; Titanium dioxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 166 data points
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  • 53
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    (Table 1) Grain-size analyses at DSDP Site 61-462 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 61-462; 61-462A; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Depth, composite; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Leg61; Sample code/label; Sand; Silt; Size fraction 〈 0.002 mm, clay; Wet sieve shaker
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 305 data points
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  • 54
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    (Table 1) Occurrence and abundance of late Early Cretaceous radiolarians at DSDP Hole 62-463 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 62-463; Acaeniotyle diaphorogona; Acaeniotyle umbilicata; Acanthocircus carinatus; Acanthocircus dicranacanthos; Acanthocircus sp.; Acanthocircus trizonalis; Alievum antiguum; Alievum helenae; Amphibrachium hastatum; Amphipyndax mediocris; Archaeodictyomitra apiarium; Archaeodictyomitra brouweri alfa; Archaeodictyomitra lacrimula; Archaeodictyomitra nuda; Archaeodictyomitra pseudoscalaris; Archaeodictyomitra puga; Archaeodictyomitra vulgaris; Archaeospongoprunum cortinaensis; Archeospongoprunum tehamaensis; Archicapsa similis; Conosphaera tuberosa; Crolanium pythiae; Cromyodruppa concentrica; Crucella sp.; Cryptamphorella challengeri; Cryptamphorella conara; Cryptamphorella dumitricai; Cyclastrum infundibuliforme; Cyrtocalpis operosa; Cyrtocapsa asseni var. alpha; Cyrtocapsa grutterinki; Cyrtocapsa houwi; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Diacanthocapsa boersmae; Dibolachras tytthopora; Dicroa sp.; Dictyophimus gracilis; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Eucyrtidium thiensis; Eucyrtis columbaria; Eucyrtis elido; Eucyrtis molengraaffi; Eucyrtis sp.; Eucyrtis tenuis; Glomar Challenger; Gongylothorax baumgartneri; Gongylothorax verbeeki; Hagistrum euganeum; Hagistrum subacutum; Hemicryptocapsa sp.; Hemicryptocapsa vincentae; Hexalonche sp.; Hexastylus magnificus; Hexinastrum cretaceum; Higumastra sp.; Holocryptocanium barbui; Holocryptocapsa hindei; Homoeoparonaella tricuspidata; Hsuum sp.; Leg62; Lithocampe chenodes; Lithocampe pseudochrysalis var. alpha; Lithomitra pseudopinguis; Lophophaena sp.; Neosciadiocapsa sp.; North Pacific/SEAMOUNT; Paronaella diamphidia; Paronaella sp.; Parvicingula boesii; Parvicingula hsui; Parvicingula malleola; Parvicingula sp.; Pentasphaera longispina; Podobursa triacantha; Podobursa tricola; Pseudoaulophacus excavatus; Pseudoaulophacus sulcatus; Pseudodictyomitra blabla; Pseudodictyomitra carpatica; Pseudodictyomitra lanceloti; Pseudodictyomitra leptoconica; Pseudodictyomitra lilyae; Radiolarian preservation; Radiolarians abundance; Saitoum cepeki; Sample code/label; see reference(s); Sethocapsa orca; Sethocapsa trachyostraca; Sethocapsa uterculus; Siphocampium davidi; Siphocampium macropora; Siphocampium rutteni; Solenotryma sp.; Sphaeropyle thirencis; Sphaerostylus lanceola; Spongobrachium sp.; Spongocyclia trachodes; Spongodiscus misele; Spongopyle ecleptos; Spongosaturnalis horridus; Staurocyclia martini; Staurosphaera septemporata; Stephanastrum inflexum; Stichocapsa cribrata; Stichocapsa decora; Stichocapsa pseudodecora; Stichocapsa pseudopentacola; Stichocapsa sp.; Stichomitra asymbatos; Stylochlamyum sp.; Stylosphaera macrostyla; Thanaria pulchra; Thanarla karpoffae; Theocapsa laevis; Theocorys antiqua; Theocorys renzae; Triactoma hybum; Tripocalpis ellyae; Tripocyclia trigonum; Ultranapora durhami; Ultranapora spinifera; Williriedellum carpathicum; Williriedellum gilkeyi; Williriedellum petershmittae; Xitus alievi; Xitus sp.; Xitus sp. cf. X. spicularius; Xitus spicularius; Xitus vermiculatus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2901 data points
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  • 55
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    (Table 4) Abundances of elements enhanced by over a factor of 100 in the pyrite-containing fractions, relative to the Cretaceous calcareous at DSDP Hole 62-465A (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 62-465A; Antimony; Antimony, standard deviation; Arsenic; Arsenic, standard deviation; Chromium; Chromium, standard deviation; Cobalt; Cobalt, standard deviation; Comment; Copper; Copper, standard deviation; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Element analysis, neutron activation (NAA); Glomar Challenger; Leg62; Molybdenum; Molybdenum, standard deviation; Nickel; Nickel, standard deviation; North Pacific/CONT RISE; Sample, optional label/labor no; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Tantalum; Tantalum, standard deviation; Zinc; Zinc, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 206 data points
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  • 56
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    (Figure 8) Relative abundance of nannoliths at DSDP Hole 62-464 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 62-464; Axopodorhabdus albianus; Biscutum constans; Chiastozygus litterarius; Cretarhabdus conicus; Cretarhabdus crenulatus; Cretarhabdus loriei; Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii; Cruciellipsis chiastia; Cyclagelosphaera margerelii; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Discorhabdus ignotus; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Eiffellithus turriseiffelii; Etching index; Gaarderella cf. granulifera; Gephyrorhabdus coronadventis; Glomar Challenger; Leg62; Light microscope; Lithastrinus floralis; Lithraphidites carniolensis; Manivitella pemmatoidea; Nannofossils; Nannofossil zone; North Pacific/CONT RISE; Overgrowth index; Parhabdolithus angustus; Parhabdolithus asper; Parhabdolithus embergeri; Parhabdolithus splendens; Parhabdolithus swinnertonii; Prediscosphaera cretacea; Rucinolithus irregularis; Rucinolithus sp.; Sample code/label; Sollasites horticus; Stephanolithion laffittei; Tegumentum stradneri; Tranolithus orionatus; Vagalapilla compacta; Watznaueria barnesae; Watznaueria biporta; Watznaueria britannica; Watznaueria oblonga; Watznaueria ovata; Watznaueria supracretacea; Zygodiscus diplogrammus; Zygodiscus elegans; Zygodiscus erectus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 215 data points
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  • 57
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    (Table 2) Carbon and carbonate at DSDP Site 61-462 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 61-462; 61-462A; Calcium carbonate; Calculated, see reference(s); Carbon, organic, total; Carbon, total; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Depth, composite; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Element analyser CHN, LECO WR-12; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Leg61; Sample code/label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 325 data points
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  • 58
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    (Table 2) Major and trace element analyses of 17 selected samples from the basement cores of DSDP Leg 59 Holes (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: 59-447A; 59-448; 59-448A; 59-449; 59-450; 59-451; Aluminium oxide; Barium; Caesium; Calcium oxide; Cerium; Chromium; Cobalt; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Element analysis, neutron activation (NAA); Elevation of event; Europium; Event label; Gallium; Glomar Challenger; Hafnium; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Iron oxide, FeO; Lanthanum; Latitude of event; Leg59; Location; Longitude of event; Magnesium number; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Nickel; North Pacific/BASIN; North Pacific/Philippine Sea/BASIN; North Pacific/Philippine Sea/RIDGE; North Pacific/RIDGE; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Rubidium; Sample, optional label/labor no; Sample code/label; Scandium; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Strontium; Tantalum; Terbium; Thorium; Titanium dioxide; Total; Uranium; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Yttrium; Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 623 data points
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  • 59
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    (Table 8) Brief petrographic descriptions of analyzed samples at DSDP Leg 63 Holes (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Keywords: 63-469; 63-470A; 63-472; 63-472A; 63-473; CIPW Norm; Clinopyroxene; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elevation of event; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Groundmass; Latitude of event; Leg63; Longitude of event; North Pacific/ABYSSAL FLOOR; North Pacific/ESCARPMENT; North Pacific/Gulf of California/CONT RISE; North Pacific/PLATEAU; Olivine; Plagioclase; Sample code/label; Spinel
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 61 data points
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  • 60
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    (Table 19) Igneous lithology at DSDP Site 59-448 (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Keywords: 59-448; 59-448A; Clinopyroxene; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Leg59; Lithologic unit/sequence; North Pacific/Philippine Sea/RIDGE; Number; Olivine; Orthopyroxene; Plagioclase; Texture; Thickness; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 250 data points
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  • 61
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    (Table 1) Electrical resistivity, sound velocity, thermal conductivity, density-porosity, and temperature at DSDP Hole 61-462 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Boyce, Robert E (1981): Electrical resistivity, sound velocity, thermal conductivity, density-porosity, and temperature, obtained by laboratory techniques and Well Logs: Site 462 in the Nauru Basin of the Pacific Ocean. In: Larson, RL; Schlanger, SO; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 61, 743-761, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.61.133.1981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-12
    Description: At Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 462, from mudline to 447 meters below the sea floor, Cenozoic nannofossil oozes and chalks have acoustic anisotropies such that horizontal sonic velocities are 0 to 2.5% faster than those in the vertical direction. In laminated chalk, anisotropy of 5% is typical, and in limestones, radiolarian oozes, porcellanites, and cherts, the anisotropies range from 4 to 13%. Middle Maestrichtian volcaniclastics from 447 meters to 560 meters below the sea floor have an acoustic anisotropy of 2 to 32%; 4 to 13% is typical. Basalt flows and sills occur between 560 meters and 1068 meters, and have no apparent anisotropy, but minor interbedded volcaniclastics have anisotropies from 0 to 20% (5% is typical). These volcaniclastics frequently have very small anisotropies, however, compared with the volcaniclastic sequence above the basalt section. Data in cross-plots of the laboratory-measured compressional sound velocity versus wet-bulk density, wet-water content, and porosity of sediments and sedimentary rock typically lie between the equations derived by Wyllie et al. (1956) and Wood (1941); the Wyllie et al. (1956) equation has a fair fit with similar basalt velocity cross-plots. Crossplots of thermal conductivity and sound velocity indicate only a fair correlation. Cross-plots of thermal conductivity versus porosity, wet-water content, and wet-bulk density correlate well with equations derived by Maxwell (1904), Ratcliff (1960), Parasnis (1960), and Bullard and Day (1961). Electrical formation factor versus porosity for sediments and sedimentary rock agrees with the Archie (1942) equation, with m values of 2.6; for basalt, an m of about 2.1 is typical. Basalt pore-water resistivities do not appear to be greatly different from sea water. Formation factors are greater than those derived from equations in Maxwell (1904), Winsauer et al. (1952), Boyce (1968), and Kermabon et al. (1969). An "apparent interstitial water resistivity" (Rwa) curve was derived from the density and induction logs. This Rwa curve indicated an anomaly, at 393.5 to 396.5 meters, which could be interpreted as (1) 76% hydrocarbons, (2) relatively fresh pore water (1.8 per mil salinity), or (3) low-grain-density (2.2 g/cm**3) semi-lithified porcellanite-chert. Porcellanite-chert is the most plausible interpretation. In situ temperatures measured by the Uyeda temperature probe were about 2 to 5°C (50%) higher than the equilibrium temperature (Lachenbruch and Brewer, 1959) extrapolated from two Gearhart-Owen continuous temperature logs; this discrepancy probably arises because the hole was washed out in this depth interval, so these extrapolated temperatures are probably not reliable. If one ignores all precautions as to temperature artifacts, then the equilibrium temperatures of the Gearhart-Owen temperature logs suggest that hydrothermal circulation is occurring in at least the upper 40 meters of the basalt section and heat is transferred by convection and not conduction. Hydrothermal circulation is probably not indicated, however, and the temperature anomalies probably result from excessive artificial cooling of the fractured basalt zones by circulation of water during drilling.
    Keywords: 61-462; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Density, wet bulk; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Formation factor; Gamma ray; Gamma-ray attenuation porosity evaluator (GRAPE); Glomar Challenger; Hole Diameter; Leg61; Lithology/composition/facies; Porosity; Porosity, fractional; Pressure; Resistivity, electrical; Salinity; Sample ID; see reference(s); Temperature, in rock/sediment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 200 data points
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  • 62
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    (Tables 1-2) Composition of red coloured tills from Schobuell, Schleswig-Holstein and Møn Island, Denmark (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Meyer, Klaus-Dieter (1981): Die rote Gesteinsscholle von Schobüll bei Husum (Schleswig-Holstein) - Rotliegendes oder Old Red? Meyniana, 33, 1-7, https://doi.org/10.2312/meyniana.1981.33.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: The stratigraphic position of the glacially transported 'Scholle' (large-size erratic block) at Schobüll near Husum (Schleswig-Holstein) is now considered to be Devonian rather than 'Rotliegendes'. The 'Scholle', consisting of red clay and dolomite, is overlain by red-colored till without any flint but with up to 90% carbonate clasts (containing 15% dolomite), which indicates an eastern Baltic origin. The relationship of the 'Scholle' with the glacial till also points to an eastern Baltic origin for it, with up to 1 000 km transport distance.
    Keywords: Area/locality; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dolomite; Event label; Flint; HAND; Hjelm-Moen1978; Limestone; Magmatites; Møn Island, Denmark; Ratio; Sample ID; Sampling by hand; Sandstone; Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; Schobuell1976; Sediments; Size fraction; Sum
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 122 data points
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  • 63
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    Description and iron and manganese content of ferromanganese nodules from Oneida Lake, NY (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Moore, Willard S (1981): Iron-manganese banding in Oneida Lake ferromanganese nodules. Nature, 292(5820), 233-235, https://doi.org/10.1038/292233a0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Ferromanganese nodules in the deep-sea and in freshwater lakes usually accrete layers rich in manganese oxides alternating with layers rich in iron oxides. The mechanism producing these alternating layers is unknown; indeed, the mechanism producing the nodules themselves is unknown. In Oneida Lake, New York, precipitants from the lake water and the surfaces of nodules at the sediment-water interface are enriched in Mn, whereas nodules buried in lake sediments have surface layers enriched in Fe. It is hypothesized here, using field and laboratory evidence, that reduction and mobilization of Mn from the nodule surface during periods of anoxic sediment cover produce the high Fe layers observed in the nodules.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 64
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits in the Atlantic Ocean from cruises from R/V Atlantis II, R/V Knorr, R/V Melvin and R/V James M. Gilliss in 1980-1981 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Farmer, H G; Dick, H (1981): Descriptions of WHOI rock dredge samples: volume 3. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, No. WHOI-81-48, 81-48, 324 pp, https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/1522
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: This report is Volume 3 of Descriptions of WHOI rock dredge samples. This series represents a major effort to catalog the rock dredge samples in the WHOI Sea Floor samples collection, and to disseminate this information throughout the scientific community. Volume 3 contains sample descriptions and station data for the dredge stations from five cruises during the period September 1978 through December 1980. The material in this and subsequent volumes of rock descriptions was largely prepared onboard ship by the participating scientists. Volume 3 was printed prior to volumes 1 and 2 because of the excellent documentation of the samples represented in this volume.
    Keywords: A210706; A210707; AII70-06; AII70-07; AT-II-10706-1; AT-II-10706-10PC; AT-II-10706-22GCC; AT-II-10706-39; AT-II-10706-40; AT-II-10706-53; AT-II-10706-55; AT-II-10706-58; AT-II-10706-60; AT-II-10706-61; AT-II-10706-63; AT-II-10706-65; AT-II-10706-66; AT-II-10706-67; AT-II-10707-11; AT-II-10707-13; AT-II-10707-14; AT-II-10707-15; AT-II-10707-16; AT-II-10707-17; AT-II-10707-18; AT-II-10707-2; AT-II-10707-20; AT-II-10707-23; AT-II-10707-25; AT-II-10707-4; AT-II-10707-9; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantis II (1963); Comment; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Event label; G2-10401-17; G2-10401-19; G2-10401-20; G2-10401-29; G2-10401-35; G2-10401-37; G2-10401-40; GC; Gilliss; Gravity corer; GS210401; KN07902; Knorr; KNR-7902-25; KNR-7902-26; KNR-7902-27; KNR-7902-28; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Melville; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; PC; Piston corer; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; VLCN05MV; VULCAN_5; VULCAN-5-18; VULCAN-5-20; VULCAN-5-21; VULCAN-5-22; VULCAN-5-23; VULCAN-5-26; VULCAN-5-27; VULCAN-5-29; VULCAN-5-30; VULCAN-5-31; VULCAN-5-32; VULCAN-5-33; VULCAN-5-34; VULCAN-5-35; VULCAN-5-36; VULCAN-5-37; VULCAN-5-39; VULCAN-5-40; VULCAN-5-41; VULCAN-5-42; VULCAN-5-43
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 619 data points
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  • 65
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    (Table 1, page 258) Chemical composition of 24 concentric layers inside manganese nodule DH9-9 from the Pacific Ocean (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Piper, David Z; Williamson, M E (1981): Mineralogy and composition of concentric layers within a manganese nodule from the North Pacific Ocean. Marine Geology, 40(3-4), 255-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90143-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The minor-element composition of concentric layers within a single ferromanganese nodule from the eastern North Pacific exhibits strong correlations with Fe and Mn contents but appears to be independent of pronounced mineralogic variations. On the basis of these correlations, the elemental composition of individual layers apparently is controlled by the relative contribution of two sources: seawater, and interstitial water of associated sediment. In contrast, the mineralogy of the nodule, consisting of birnessite in the outer few layers and todorokite in the inner layers, is considered to be a function of nodule diagenesis.
    Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); Barium; Cerium; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DISTANCE; Dredge; DRG; Europium; Insoluble residue; Iron; Lanthanum; Lead; Lutetium; Manganese; Neutron activation analysis; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Samarium; Sample ID; SAN_JUAN_1963; Scandium; SNJ-DH9; Spencer F. Baird; Terbium; Thorium; Wet chemistry; Ytterbium; Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 399 data points
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  • 66
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    (Table 3, page 280) Chemical composition of micronodules from a series of stations and sediment depths from Areas C, F, G and K in the Pacific Ocean from R/V Sonne Cruise SO06 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Compositional data for coexisting manganese nodules, micronodules, sediments and pore waters from five areas in the equatorial and S.W. Pacific have been obtained. This represents the largest study of its type ever undertaken to establish the distribution of elements between the various phases within the sediment column. The composition of manganese nodules, micronodules and sediments (on a carbonate-free basis) shows marked differences between the equatorial high productivity zone and the low productivity region of the S.W. Pacific. In the case of the nodules, th is reflects an increased supply of transition elements (notably Ni, Cu and Zn) to the nodules as a result of the in situ dissolution of siliceous tests within the sediment column in the equatorial Pacific high productivity zone. Micronodules display similar, but somewhat different, compositions to those of the associated nodules in each area. Micronodule composition is therefore influenced by the same basic factors that control nodule composition, but is modified by dissolution of the micronodules in situ within the sediment column. Locally, as in the area immediately south of the Marquesas Fracture Zone, the micronodule population is contaminated by small, angular volcanic rock fragments; this leads to apparently anomalous micronodule compositions. Micronodules appear to be a transient feature in the sediment column, especially in the equatorial Pacific. Dissolution of micronodules in the sediment column therefore represents an important source of elements for the growth of manganese nodules in the equatorial Pacific. Sediment composition is markedly influenced by the carbonate content. On a carbonate-free basis, the sediments from the equatorial high productivity zone are quite distinct in composition from those in the S.W. Pacific. This reflects differences in the lithology of the sediments. In the Aitutaki Passage, the local influence of volcanoclastic material in sediment composition has been established. The major cations and anions in pore waters measured here show no major differences between equatorial and S.W. Pacific sediments. Silica is, however, higher in equatorial Pacific pore waters reflecting the dissolution of siliceous tests in these sediments.
    Keywords: Barium; BCR; Box corer (Reineck); Cobalt; Comment; Copper; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Elevation of event; Event label; Iron; KAL; Kasten corer; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Manganese; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Sample ID; Sediment type; SO06; SO06_10KG; SO06_110KG; SO06_114KG; SO06_138KG; SO06_139KAL; SO06_162KG; SO06_179KG; SO06_184KG; SO06_198KG; SO06_210KG; SO06_214KG; SO06_215KG; SO06_218KAL; SO06_233KG; SO06_235KG; SO06_28KG; SO06_47KG; SO06_51KG; SO06_73KG; SO06_96KG; SO6/1-C-Loc2-10; SO6/1-C-Loc6-28; SO6/1-F-Loc12-73; SO6/1-F-Loc15-96; SO6/1-F-Loc9-47; SO6/1-F-Loc9-51; SO6/1-G-Loc16-110; SO6/1-G-Loc17-114; SO6/1-G-Loc20-138; SO6/1-G-Loc20-139; SO6/2-K-Loc24-162; SO6/2-K-Loc26-179; SO6/2-K-Loc27-184; SO6/2-K-Loc28-198; SO6/2-K-Loc31-210; SO6/2-K-Loc32-214; SO6/2-K-Loc32-215; SO6/2-K-Loc32-218; SO6/2-K-Loc35-233; SO6/2-K-Loc36-235; Sonne; Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 419 data points
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  • 67
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    (Fig 3, page 49) Variations with depth of the SMOW Relative Deuterium/Hydrogen Ratio (DeltaD) values of Pacific Ocean manganese deposits (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hariya, Yu; Tsutsumi, Makoto (1981): Hydrogen-isotopic composition of some hydrous manganese minerals. Chemical Geology, 34(1-2), 43-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90070-X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Initial data on the hydrogen-isotopic compositions in hydrous Mn minerals from various occurrences fall in a wide range from -298 to -84 per mil, relative to SMOW. DeltaD-values of todorokite and cryptomelane from Tertiary deposits show -89 and -150 per mil. 10 Angström-manganite and Delta-MnO2 from deep-sea nodules have relatively restricted DeltaD-values ranging from -96 to -84 per mil. The DeltaD-values for manganese bog ores from recent hot springs show almost -105 per mil. It is recognized that the isotopic values obtained for the deep-sea nodules and recent bog ores are slightly different ranged. Manganite and groutite are unique in their hydrogen-isotopic compositions, having the most depleted DeltaD-values ranging from -298 to -236 per mil. MnO(OH) minerals are more deuterium-depleted hydrous minerals than any other hydrothermal minerals from various ore deposits. Hydrogen-isotope fractionation factors between manganite and water were experimentally determined to be 0.7894, 0.7958 and 0.8078 at 150°, 200° and 250°C, respectively. the present experimental results indicate that if manganites were formed at temperatures below 250°C, under isotopic equilibrium conditions, most of the manganite mineralization in the Tertiary manganese deposits must have precipitated from meteoric hydrothermal solutions.
    Keywords: Core; CORE; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dredge, box; DRG_B; Event label; FFGR; Free-fall grab; GH77-1; GH77-1-D212; GH77-1-FG40-1; GH77-1-G384; Hakuho-Maru; Hakurei-Maru (1974); Identification; Isotope ratio mass spectrometry; KH-73-4; KH73-4-2; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; O70; Ocean 70 grab; Pacific Ocean; δ Deuterium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12 data points
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  • 68
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits in the Atlantic Ocean from cruises from R/V Atlantis, R/V Atlantis II, R/V Chain, R/V Gosnold and R/V Knorr in 1961-1977 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: This report is Volume 1 in the series of reports entitled "Descriptions of W.H.O.I. rock dredge samples". This series represents a major effort to catalog and prepare initial descriptions for all rock dredge samples in the W.H.O.I. Sea Floor Samples Collection, and to distribute this information throughout the scientific community. Volume 1 contains sample descriptions from approximately 382 dredging stations executed during the period 1960 through 1977. It also represents a digitized listing of all dredge station data for the entire W.H.O.I. Dredge Collection through 1980. This data is sorted by Marsden Square and can serve as a regional index for all rock descriptions included in Volumes 1-3.
    Keywords: A201102; A204201; A207301; A207702; A209306; A209603; AII-04-2RD; AII-11-10RD; AII-11-11RD; AII-11-8RD; AII-73-12RD; AII-73-2RD; AII-73-8RD; AII-73-9RD; AII-77-10RD; AII-77-11RD; AII-77-12RD; AII-77-13RD; AII-77-3RD; AII-77-4RD; AII-77-6RD; AII-77-7RD; AII-77-8RD; AII-77-9RD; AII-93-11RD; AII-93-13RD; AII-93-16RD; AII-96-10RD; AII-96-14RD; AII-96-15RD; AII-96-16RD; AII-96-17RD; AII-96-1RD; AII-96-2RD; AII-96-3RD; AII-96-4RD; AII-96-6RD; AII-96-7RD; AII-96-8RD; AII-96-9RD; AT26601; AT266-03; AT28001; AT280-06; AT29600; AT296-01; AT296-03; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantis (1931); Atlantis II (1963); Caribbean Sea; CH00703; CH00709; CH00906; CH00907; CH01302; CH02101; CH03401; CH03601; CH04301; CH04601; CH05201; CH05801; CH07501; CH07502; CH08207; CH08208; CH10006; CH-100-5RD; CH11504; CH11506; CH115-3RD; CH115-9RD; CH13-7RD; CH21-2RD; CH21-6RD; CH35-3RD; CH35-4RD; CH36-5RD; CH36-6RD; CH43-16RD; CH43-23RD; CH43-33RD; CH43-40RD; CH43-41RD; CH43-7RD; CH46-1RD; CH46-6RD; CH46-7RD; CH52-3RD; CH52-6RD; CH58-9RD; CH7-28RD; CH-75-1RD; CH-75-2RD; CH-75-3RD; CH-75-7RD; CH-75-8RD; CH7-6RD; CH-82-2RD; CH-82-6RD; CH9-2RD; CH9-5RD; Chain; Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Elevation of event; Event label; GO07301; GOS73-7RD; Gosnold; Identification; Indian Ocean; KN04202; KN04203; KN04204; KN04205; KN05402; KN05403; Knorr; KNR-42-11RD; KNR-42-12RD; KNR-42-17RD; KNR-42-18RD; KNR-42-20RD; KNR-42-21RD; KNR-42-22RD; KNR-42-24RD; KNR-42-25RD; KNR-42-26RD; KNR-42-27RD; KNR-42-29RD; KNR-42-30RD; KNR-42-31RD; KNR-42-33RD; KNR-42-34RD; KNR-42-36RD; KNR-42-37RD; KNR-42-39RD; KNR-42-3RD; KNR-42-40RD; KNR-42-41RD; KNR-42-42RD; KNR-42-45RD; KNR-42-4RD; KNR-42-8RD; KNR-42-9RD; KNR-54-20RD; KNR-54-22RD; KNR-54-38RD; KNR-54-39RD; KNR-54-42RD; KNR-54-45RD; KNR-54-4RD; KNR-54-9RD; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Mediterranean Sea; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Optional event label; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Southern Ocean; Sta 100; Sta 108; Sta 10 - Dr 2; Sta 110; Sta 112-Dr RD40; Sta 113-Dr RD41; Sta 117; Sta 121; Sta 122; Sta 129; Sta 12 - Dr 11; Sta 12-Dr 4; Sta 130; Sta 131; Sta 137; Sta 145; Sta 146; Sta 146-Dr 9; Sta 14 - Dr 13; Sta 15; Sta 156-Dr 31; Sta 161-Dr 33; Sta 162-Dr 34; Sta 166-Dr 36; Sta 168-Dr 37; Sta 171-Dr 39; Sta 174-Dr 40; Sta 177-Dr 41; Sta 178-Dr 42; Sta 17-Dr 5; Sta 18; Sta 182-Dr 45; Sta 18 - Dr 16; Sta 19 - Dr 2; Sta 2; Sta 21-Dr 3; Sta 23 - Dr 3; Sta 24 - Dr 8; Sta 24-Dr 9; Sta 25-Dr 3; Sta 25-Dr 7; Sta 26 - Dr 4; Sta 26-Dr 8; Sta 28-Dr 4; Sta 30 - Dr 8; Sta 32 - Dr 10; Sta 33 - Dr 11; Sta 34-Dr 2; Sta 37 - Dr 6; Sta 38-Dr 3; Sta 38 - Dr 7; Sta 38 - Dr 9; Sta 3-Dr 1; Sta 42-Dr 20; Sta 44-Dr 22; Sta 44-Dr RD16; Sta 45 - Dr 8; Sta 47 - Dr 12; Sta 48-Dr 6; Sta 48 - Dr 9; Sta 5; Sta 51-Dr 8; Sta 52 - Dr 10; Sta 58 - Dr 11; Sta 5-Dr 2; Sta 60; Sta 62 - Dr 12; Sta 63; Sta 63 - Dr 13; Sta 68; Sta 73; Sta 74; Sta 77-Dr 11; Sta 86-Dr 12; Sta 88-Dr RD33; Sta 9; Sta 91; Sta 98; Sta D-2-Dr 2; Sta D-3-Dr 3; Sta D-4-Dr 4; Sta D-5-Dr 6; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1091 data points
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  • 69
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    Observation of manganese deposits on the East Pacific Rise during the CYAMEX-RITA expedition (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Cyamex Scientific Team; Francheteau, Jean; Needham, H D; Choukroune, P; Juteau, Thierry; Séguret, Marie J M; Ballard, R D; Fox, P J; Normark, William R; Carranza, A; Cordoba, D; Guerrero, Gerardo; Rangin, Claude (1981): First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific Rise at 21�N (project RITA): General results. Marine Geophysical Research, 4(4), 345-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286034
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: A submersible study has been conducted in February - March 1978 at the axis of the East Pacific Rise near 21°N. The expedition CYAMEX, the first submersible program to be conducted on the East Pacific Rise, is part of the French-American-Mexican project RITA (Rivera - Tamayo), a 3-year study devoted to detailed geological and geophysical investigations of the East Pacific Rise Crest. On the basis of the 15 dives made by CYANA in the axial area of the Rise, a morphological and tectonic zonation can be established for this moderately-fast spreading center. A narrow, 0.6 to 1.2 km wide zone of extrusion (zone 1), dominated by young lava flows, is flanked by a highly fissured and faulted zone of extension (zone 2) with a width of 1 to 2 km. Further out, zone 3 is dominated by outward tilted blocks bounded by inward-facing fault scarps. Active or recent faults extend up to 12 km from the axis of extrusion of the East Pacific Rise. This represents the first determination from direct field evidence of the width of active tectonism associated with an accreting plate boundary. Massive sulfide deposits, made principally of zinc, copper and iron, were found close to the axis of the Rise. Other signs of the intense hydrothermal activity included the discovery of benthic fauna of giant size similar to that found at the axis of the Galapagos Rift. We emphasize the cyclic character of the volcanicity. The main characteristics of the geology of this segment of the East Pacific Rise can be explained by the thermal structure at depth below this moderately-fast spreading center. The geological observations are compatible with the existence of a shallow magma reservoir centered at the axis of the Rise with a half-width of the order of 10 km.
    Keywords: CY78-16DF; CY78-17V; CY78-18V; CYAMEX; Cyana (Submersible); Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; East Pacific Rise; Event label; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; OBSE; Observation; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment sample; Sediment type; SES; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 21 data points
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  • 70
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 59 (Holes 447, 447A, 448, 449, 450, 451 (DSDP Leg 59)) (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zakariadze, Guram S; Usher, John L; Theyer, Fritz; Sartori, Renzo; Rodolfo, Kelvin S; Mattey, David P; Martini, Erlend; Keating, Barbara; Ishii, Teruaki; Heiman, M E; Chotin, Pierre; Brassell, Simon C; Balshaw, K M; Kroenke, Loren W; Scott, R (1981): Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, LIX, 1020 pp, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.59.1981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Of numerous island-arc systems in the western Pacific, the Mariana arc-trench system and the basins and submerged ridges lying west of them in the Philippine Sea seemed to be best suited to answer questions regarding arc-trench and back-arc basin formation. Three years of planning by the JOIDES Active Margin Panel, Ocean Crust Panel, and Planning Committee resulted in a proposed transect of drill sites aligned more or less along the 18th parallel. This South Philippine Sea transect was designed to investigate each major basin and ridge between the central part of the West Philippine Sea and the Mariana Trench and the Pacific Ocean plate immediately to the east.
    Keywords: 59-447; 59-447A; 59-448; 59-449; 59-450; 59-451; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Elevation of event; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Latitude of event; Leg59; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Pacific/BASIN; North Pacific/Philippine Sea/BASIN; North Pacific/Philippine Sea/RIDGE; North Pacific/RIDGE; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 366 data points
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  • 71
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 61 (Holes 462 and 462A) (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Windom, Ken; Vallier, Tracy L; Tokuyama, Hidekazu; Thierstein, Hans R; Thiede, Jörn; Steiner, Maureen B; Sliter, William V; Shcheka, S A; Seifert, Karl E; Sayer, William O; Riech, Volkher; Rea, David K; Premoli Silva, Isabella; Moberly, Ralph; Koporulin, V I; Jenkyns, Hugh C; Fujii, Naoyuki; de Wever, Patrick; Cepek, Pavel; Boyce, Robert E; Batiza, Rodey; Larson, Roger L; Schlanger, Seymour O (1981): Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, LXI, 885 pp, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.61.1981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The goal of Site 462 was to study the paleontologic, sedimentary, petrologic, tectonic, and magnetic histories of that area through Recent to Late Jurassic time by drilling a deep re-entry site into the Nauru Basin west of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. This area formed at a fast-spreading Pacific Plate boundary 145 to 155 m.y. ago, in the Late Jurassic. Cores from this area allow to better understand the biostratigraphic evolution and sedimentary processes in a Mesozoic open-ocean environment, the petrologic nature of fast-spreading oceanic crust, the tectonic history of the Late Jurassic Pacific Plate, and the nature of the Jurassic magnetic quiet zone.
    Keywords: 61-462; 61-462A; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Leg61; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 71 data points
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  • 72
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 62 (Holes 463, 464, 465A, 466) (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The four sites drilled during Leg 62 were needed to establish better regional coverage of the North Pacific Ocean. Although paleoenvironments were to be stressed on Leg 62, studies of igneous rocks from acoustic basement were planned, to determine ages, petrogenesis, alteration effects, rock magnetism, and Paleomagnetism of old parts of the Pacific crust. These studies were emphasized in order to establish the early history of oceanic plateaus and whether they are the result of midocean-ridge or intraplate volcanism.
    Keywords: 62-463; 62-464; 62-465A; 62-466; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Leg62; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Pacific/CONT RISE; North Pacific/SEAMOUNT; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 157 data points
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  • 73
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Leg 63 (Holes 468B, 469, 470, 470A, 471, 472) (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: A primary objective of Leg 63 was to investigate the fluctuations of this eastern boundary current along a north-south transect off the Gulf of California. This information would aid in biostratigraphically correlating open-ocean planktonic zones with local California zonations. Spanning the last 30 m.y., the complicated tectonic history of the continental margin off California and Baja California comprises changes from a subduction zone to a transform boundary and then to an inactive margin. A second objective of Leg 63 was to define and clarify this history using information on sedimentation, unconformities, basement ages, and paleomagnetic reconstructions gained from drilling, in conjunction with geophysical data and pre-existing bottom samples.
    Keywords: 63-468B; 63-469; 63-470; 63-470A; 63-471; 63-472; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Leg63; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Pacific/ABYSSAL FLOOR; North Pacific/ESCARPMENT; North Pacific/FAN; North Pacific/PLATEAU; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample code/label; Sediment type; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 82 data points
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  • 74
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the CLIMAX II Expedition stations aboard R/V Argo in the central North Pacific (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Burnett, B R; Nealson, K H (1981): Organic films and microorganisms associated with manganese nodules. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 28(6), 637-645, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(81)90124-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Undamaged deep-sea manganese nodules were retrieved from a box core from the central North Pacific and quickly preserved in formaldehyde solution. Light and scanning electron microscope studies of the nodule surface reveal the presence of a variety of fragile filamentous and coccoid bacterial morphotypes, associated with an organic film that covers the botryoid surface.
    Keywords: Argo; BC; Box corer; CLIMAX_II; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; H-233; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Position; Quantity of deposit; Size; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6 data points
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  • 75
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    Observation of ferromanganese crusts on lava deposits recovered near the Galapagos spreading center area (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Christie, David M; Sinton, John M (1981): Evolution of abyssal lavas along propagating segments of the Galapagos spreading center. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 56, 321-335, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90137-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The unusual petrological diversity of abyssal lavas erupted along some segments of the Galapagos spreading center is a direct consequence of the propagation (elongation) of these segments into older oceanic crust. With increasing distance behind propagating rift tips, relatively unfractionated MORB erupted close to the tips are joined first by FeTi basalts (bimodal assemblage) and then by a wide range of basaltic and siliceous lavas. Further behind propagating rift tips, this broad range diminishes again, approaching the narrow compositional range of adjacent normal ridge segments. These compositional variations reflect the evolution of the subaxial magmatic system beneath the newly forming spreading center as it propagates through a pre-existing plate. We envisage this evolution as proceeding from small, isolated, ephemeral magma chambers through increasing numbers of larger, increasingly interconnected chambers to the steady-state buffered system of a normal ridge. Throughout this evolution, magma supply rates gradually increase and cooling rates of crustal magma bodies decrease. High degrees of crystal fractionation are favored only when a delicate balance between cooling rate and resupply rate of primitive magma is achieved. At other propagating and non-propagating ridge-transform intersections the degree to which the balance is achieved and the length of ridge over which it evolves control the distribution of fractionated lavas. These effects may be evaluated provided a number of tectonic variables including transform length, spreading and propagation rates are taken into account.
    Keywords: Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge, rock; DRG_R; Elevation of event; Event label; Identification; Kana Keoki; KK781230; KK78-12-RD10; KK78-12-RD12; KK78-12-RD12B; KK78-12-RD14; KK78-12-RD16; KK78-12-RD17; KK78-12-RD2; KK78-12-RD20; KK78-12-RD21; KK78-12-RD24; KK78-12-RD25; KK78-12-RD26; KK78-12-RD27; KK78-12-RD29; KK78-12-RD32; KK78-12-RD4; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Size; Station 107; Station 109; Station 8; Station 80; Station 83; Station 85; Station 86; Station 88; Station 89; Station 91; Station 93; Station 94; Station 95; Station 96; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 138 data points
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  • 76
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the Northwest Atlantic Basin (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Stanley, Daniel Jean; Taylor, P T; Sheng, Harrison; Stuckenrath, Robert Jr (1981): Sohm Abyssal Plain: Evaluating Proximal Sediment Provenance. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 11, 1-48, https://doi.org/10.5479/si.01960768.11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The southernmost part of the Sohm Abyssal Plain in the Northwest Atlantic Basin is geographically distal with respect to the major source of Quaternary terrigenous material transported from the Canadian Maritime Provinces. An assessment of the proportion of more locally introduced sediment relative to that derived from distal sources is based largely on size and compositional analyses of Quaternary piston core samples. These data are supplemented by radiocarbon dating of selected core samples, bottom photographs, conductivity-temperature-depth profiles, and seismic records. The premises of the study are that (a) locally derived sediment should be most abundant near high-relief bathymetric features such as seamounts and abyssal hills, and (b) such material should contain enhanced proportions of reworked volcanic debris and alteration products. Core analyses reveal that the amounts of these are directly related to proximity of volcanic ocean-bottom features, and that a significant, although not total, amount of such volcanic materials recovered from cores are derived from submarine weathering of basalt. Associated with this assemblage are nannofossils, dating from the Quaternary to the Upper Cretaceous, reworked from older strata. This increased proportion of volcanic and related products and reworked faunas near seamounts and basement rises strongly implies that such topographic features continue to serve as major source terrains. Locally derived volcanic materials, however, are usually disseminated and masked on the Sohm Abyssal Plain, particularly in sectors receiving large amounts of terrigenous turbidites and biogenic suspensates, and/or undergoing reworking by bottom currents. We propose that the volcanic fraction can serve as a useful index, or "yardstick," to interpret the role of locally derived material in abyssal plain sedimentation. A sedimentation model is developed to illustrate the premise that as access to land-derived sources diminishes, the proportion of terrigenous components is reduced while pelagic and volcanic fractions are enhanced. Thus, sediment accumulating in abyssal plains almost totally isolated from terrigenous sources would comprise significant amounts of pelagic (including wind-blown) and volcanic components.
    Keywords: AT153; AT153-149CC; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantis (1931); Comment; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Elevation of event; Event label; File name; Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; PC; Photo/Video; Piston corer; Position; PV; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Substrate type; Uniform resource locator/link to image; V22; V22-231; V26; V26-6; V26-9; Vema; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 87 data points
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  • 77
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    Chemical composition of manganese nodule samples from the North Pacific Ocean (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bischoff, James L; Piper, David Z; Leong, Kam (1981): The aluminosilicate fraction of North Pacific manganese nodules. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 45(11), 2047-2063, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90059-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Nine nodules collected from throughout the deep North Pacific were analyzed for their mineralogy and major-element composition before and after leaching with Chester-Hughes solution. Data indicate that the mineral phillipsite accounts for the major part (〉 75%) of the aluminosilicate fraction of all nodules. It is suggested that formation of phillipsite takes place on growing nodule surfaces coupled with the oxidation of absorbed manganous ion. All the nodules could be described as ternary mixtures of amorphous iron fraction (Fe-Ti-P), manganese oxide fraction (Mn-Mg Cu-Ni), and phillipsite fraction (Al-Si-K-Na), these fractions accounting for 96% of the variability of the chemical composition.
    Keywords: NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 78
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    Analysis of Mn-deposits from the Pacific (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Grill, E V; Chase, R L; MacDonald, Richard Drummond; Murray, John W (1981): A hydrothermal deposit from explorer ridge in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 52(1), 142-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(81)90216-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Crusts composed of nontronite and ferromanganese oxides were recovered from Explorer Ridge, a spreading ridge segment in the northeastern Pacific Ocean located off the west coast of Canada. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the crusts closely resembles that of the mound-like hydrothermal deposits recently discovered at the FAMOUS site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and on the Galapagos spreading centre. Compositional anomalies suggest that the crusts are precipitates of hydrothermal vent solutions which were ejected discontinuously and subsequently mixed with seawater.
    Keywords: Dredge; DRG; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North-East Pacific Ocean; PZ69-11
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 79
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    Investigation of manganese deposits from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Février, M (1981): Hydrothermalisme et minéralisations sur la dorsale Est-Pacifique à 21° N. Ph. D. Dissertation, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France, pdf 11 MB, 270 pp, https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00034/14498/
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Submersible exploration on the eastern Pacific Ridge near 21 ° N has revealed an active hydrothermal system. It is manifested by the emission in the marine environment of hot and Highly mineralized fluids (370 ° C maximum). These fluids precipitate on contact with seawater and deposits of massive sulphides are built at the outlet of their sources. The mineralogical and geochemical study of the products associated with the emissions of hot fluids provides an initial evaluation of this type of deposit and leads to a comparison between the hydrothermalism responsible for the formation of sulphides and the hydrothermalism responsible for the formation of metal rich crusts formed of iron smectites and manganese oxides. This study is carried out with conventional mineralogical and geochemical investigations (optical and electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, electron microprobe, neutron activation and mass spectrometry).
    Keywords: CY-74-26-14; CY-78-06-11; CY-78-12-41; CYAMEX; Cyana (Submersible); East Pacific Rise; FAMOUS 06-74; FAMOUS74; Grab; GRAB; GRAB_subCyana; Grab, on Cyana [Submersible]; Le Noroit; Mid Atlantic Ridge; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 80
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    (Tables 1-2) Chemical composition of basal metalliferous sediments at DSDP Site 9-77B (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: 9-77B; Aluminium; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Perkin-Elmer; Calcium carbonate; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron; Iron, fractionated; Leg9; Magnesium; Manganese; Manganese, fractionated; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Pacific/HILL; Phosphorus; Sample code/label; Silicon; X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 70 data points
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  • 81
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    (Tables 1-2) Chemical composition of basal metalliferous sediments at DSDP Site 9-81 (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: 9-81; Aluminium; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Perkin-Elmer; Calcium carbonate; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron; Iron, fractionated; Leg9; Magnesium; Manganese; Manganese, fractionated; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Pacific/HILL; Sample code/label; Silicon; X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22 data points
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  • 82
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    (Table 4) Calcite geochemical compositions at DSDP Hole 63-471 (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The sulfide deposit at Site 471 occurs between overlying pelagic sediment and underlying basalt. The deposit is vertically zoned and consists, from top to bottom, of the following mineral assemblages: (1) pyrite, chalcopyrite, and Zn-sulfide in chert and calcite gangue (~ 35 cm thick); (2) a 5-cm-thick metalliferous sediment layer and (3) a 4-cm-thick chert layer. The calcite gangue appears at a later stage than chert gangue in the sequence of deposition, also filling in voids and fractures. The manganese content of calcite is particularly high and varies systematically, reaching a maximum at the top of the massive sulfide portion of the deposit.
    Keywords: 63-471; Aluminium oxide; Aluminium oxide, standard deviation; Calcium oxide; Calcium oxide, standard deviation; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Electron microprobe (EMP); Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, FeO; Iron oxide, FeO, standard deviation; Leg63; Magnesium oxide; Magnesium oxide, standard deviation; Manganese oxide; Manganese oxide, standard deviation; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Pacific/FAN; Potassium oxide; Potassium oxide, standard deviation; Replicates; Sample code/label; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Sodium oxide, standard deviation; Standard deviation; Titanium dioxide; Total
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 102 data points
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  • 83
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    Chemical analyses of manganese rich samples from the Paul Revere Deep in the northeastern Pacific Ocean (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); Barium; Calcium oxide; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DISTANCE; Distance, maximum; Distance, minimum; Dredge; DRG; Identification; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Lead; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Molybdenum; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North-East Pacific Ocean; Opal-CT; Potassium oxide; PZ69-11; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; Vanadium; Water in rock; Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 145 data points
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  • 84
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    (Table 6, page 2052) Chemical composition of Chester-Hughes acid-reducing leachates of manganese nodule samples from the North Pacific Ocean (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); BC; Box corer; Calcium oxide; Cobalt oxide; Copper(II) oxide; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DOMES Site A, Pacific Ocean; DOMES Site B, Pacific Ocean; DOMES Site C, Pacific Ocean; Dredge, bucket; DRG_BU; Elevation of event; Event label; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Method/Device of event; Nickel oxide; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Oceanographer; Pacific Ocean; Potassium oxide; RP-8-OC-75; RP8OC7503; RP8OC75-47-12; RP8OC75-54-47; RP8OC76; RP-8-OC-76; RP8OC76-14-20; Sample ID; Seascope Expedition; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; SS72/2; SS72/3; SS72/5; SS72/6; SS72-148DB; SS72-149DB; SS72-152DB; SS72-24DB; SS72-52DB; SS72-96DB; Titanium dioxide; Zinc oxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 144 data points
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  • 85
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    (Table 1) Mass-accumulation rates for the non-authigenic, inorganic, crystalline, eolian component of sediments recovered at DSDP Hole 62-463 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rea, David K; Janecek, Thomas R (1981): Mass-accumulation rates of the non-authigenic inorganic crystalline (Eolian) component of deep-sea sediments from the western Mid-Pacific Mountains, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 463. In: Thiede, J; Vallier, TL; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 62, 653-659, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.62.125.1981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-19
    Description: Elevated regions in the central parts of ocean basins are excellent for study of accumulation of eolian material. The mass-accumulation rates of this sediment component appear to reflect changes in the influx of volcanic materials through the Early Cretaceous to Recent history of Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 463, on the Mid-Pacific Mountains. Four distinct episodes of eolian accumulation occurred during the Cretaceous: two periods of moderate accumulation, averaging about 0.2 to 0.3 g/cm**2/10**3 yr, 67 to 70.5 m.y. ago and 91 to 108 m.y. ago; a period of low accumulation, approximately 0.03 g/cm**2/10**3 yr, 70.5 to 90 m.y. ago; and a period of high accumulation, about 0.9 g/cm**2/10**3 yr, 109 to 117 m.y. ago (bottom of the hole). Much of the Cenozoic section is missing from Site 463. Upper Miocene to Recent sediments record an upward increase in accumulation rates, from less than 0.01 to about 0.044 g/cm**2/10**3 yr. The late Pliocene-Pleistocene peak may reflect the change to glacial-wind regimes, as well as an increase in volcanic source materials.
    Keywords: 62-463; Accumulation rate, dust; Accumulation rate, mass; AGE; Calculated, see reference(s); Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Density, dry bulk; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Dust, aeolian; Glomar Challenger; Leg62; North Pacific/SEAMOUNT; Porosity; Sample code/label; Sedimentation rate; see reference(s)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 707 data points
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  • 86
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    Grain size distribution of terrigenous, carbonate free sediments in surface samples of the northern subtropical Atlantic (App. 2) (1981)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Atlantische Kuppenfahrten 1967/1-3; BC; BCR; Box corer; Box corer (Reineck); Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; East Atlantic; Elevation of event; Event label; FGGE-Equator 79 - First GARP Global Experiment; GC; GIK12309-2; GIK12310-4; GIK12326-4; GIK12328-4; GIK12329-4; GIK12329-6; GIK12330-1; GIK12331-1; GIK12336-1; GIK12337-4; GIK12344-3; GIK12345-5; GIK12347-1; GIK12379-3; GIK12392-1; GIK13207-3; GIK13209-2; GIK13211-3; GIK13218-1; GIK13219-1; GIK13236-1; GIK13238-1; GIK13255-2; GIK13289-1; GIK13291-1; GIK13312-1; GIK13530-1; GIK13533-3; GIK13534-1; Grain size, mean radius; Gravity corer; Gravity corer (Kiel type); KAL; Kasten corer; KOL; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; M12392-1; M25; M30; M30_183; M30_185; M30_208; M30_209; M30_230; M51; M8; M8_017-1; M8/17-1; Meteor (1964); PC; Piston corer; Piston corer (Kiel type); Size fraction 〉 0.006 mm, silt; SL; South Atlantic Ocean; SPC; Sphincter corer; V10; V10-83; V10-84; V10-90; V16; V16-25; V17; V17-159; V19; V19-304; V22; V22-195; V22-196; V22-213; V22-25; V23; V23-100; V23-106; V23-93; V23-99; V25; V25-44; V27; V27-166; V27-167; V27-178; V27-253; V27-260; V27-262; V29; V29-169; V29-170; V30; V30-229; V30-233; V30-243; V30-49; V30-52; V30-56; V30-58; V30-74; V31; V31-2; V32; V32-18; V32-21TW; V32-24TW; V32-27TW; V32-30; V32-31TW; V32-33; V32-35TW; V32-37; V32-40TW; V32-52TW; V32-63TW; V32-9; VA-10/3; Valdivia (1961); van Veen Grab; Vema; VGRAB; Westafrika 1973
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 340 data points
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  • 87
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    (Table 1) Species abundance at DSDP Hole 63-467 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ballog, Robert A; Malloy, Raymond E (1981): Neogene palynology from the southern California Continental borderland, Site 467, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63. In: Yeats, RS; Haq, BU; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 63, 565-576, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.63.116.1981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-01
    Description: Neogene palynofloras of southern California have been all too infrequently studied. Previous investigations of Pacific Coast sediments have been largely restricted to Pacific Northwest locales. Some important studies include those by Gray (1964), Wolfe, Hopkins, and Leopold (1966), Wolfe and Leopold (1967), Hopkins (1968), Piel (1969, 1977), Ballog, Sparks, and Waloweek (1972), and Musich (1973). The only published study of southern California materials is that of Heusser (1978) on Holocene sediments of the Santa Barbara basin. Most of these studies are concerned with the microflora from a particular formation; thus they have limited stratigraphic value and in most cases involve nonmarine to marginal marine rocks where no planktonic zonation was available. Musich's (1973) study was the first attempt at tying pollen assemblages to a planktonic zonation over an extended stratigraphic interval (Miocene to Pleistocene).Its location in the southern California Borderland and the sedimentary sections sampled make Leg 63 extremely valuable in deciphering the palynologic history of the Pacific Coast Neogene. Site 467 was chosen for our initial detailed study, because the relatively slow sedimentation rate provides an almost complete Neogene sequence of mainly terrigenous sediments and reliable planktonic age control is available.The goals of this study were to: (1) establish a reference section of Neogene palynomorph assemblages; (2) develop biostratigraphic criteria for use in correlation with other localities; (3) correlate the palynologic assemblages with the planktonic zonations; and (4) study the paleoenvironmental history in the southern California Neogene.
    Keywords: 63-467; Acer; Acritarch spp.; Alnus; Ambrosia; Anacardiaceae; Artemisia; Asteraceae; Betula; Bombacaceae; Cannosphaeropsis sp.; Carya; Caryophyllaceae; Castanea; Chenopodiaceae; Cleistosphaeridium aciculare; Cleistosphaeridium disjunctum; Cleistosphaeridium sp.; Compositae; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Dinoflagellate spp.; Disaccites spp.; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elaeagnaceae; Ephedra; Epoch; Ericaceae; Eriogonum; Fagus; Foraminifera; Glomar Challenger; Gramineae; Group size; Hystrichokolpoma sp.; Ilex; Juglans; Leg63; Lejeunia; Leptodinium; Leptodinium patulum; Liliacidites; Liquid amber; Malvaceae; Myrica; Nannofossil zone; Nematosphaeropsis; North Pacific/GAP; Onagraceae; Operculodinium centrocarpum; Operculodinium sp.; Pinus; Polemoniaceae; Polygonum persicaria; Polypodium; Polyporites; Potamogeton; Pseudotsuga; Pterocarya; Quercus; Rhamnaceae; Salix; Sample code/label; Selaginella; Sigmapollis hispidus; Sigmopollis pisilatus; Sphagnum; Spiniferites; Spiniferites ramosus; Spores; Tectatodinium sp.; Tricolpites sp.; Tricolporites sp.; Triporites sp.; Tsuga; Tuberculodinium vancampoae; Tytthodiscus sp.; Ulmus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9842 data points
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  • 88
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from SAFARI II cruise stations (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The cores and dredges described at this site were taken on the SAFARI II cruise from 21 July until 1 September 1981 by the MusÈum National d'Histoire Naturelle from the R/V Marion Dufresne. A total of 65 cores, dredges and camera stations were recovered and are available at MNHN for sampling and study.
    Keywords: BL810001; BL810002; BL810003; Comment; CP810016; CP810018; CP810020; CP810021; CP810022; CP810023; CP810024; CP810025; CP810026; CP810027; CP810028; CP810029; CP810030; CP810031; CP810032; CP810033; CP810034; CP810035; CP810036; CP810037; CP810038; CP810039; CP810040; CS810021; CS810023; CS810024; Deposit type; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Dredge; DRG; Event label; GS810358; GS810361; GS810362; GS810363; GS810365; GS810366; GS810367; GS810369; GS810370; GS810373; GS810376; GS810377; GS810378; Identification; Indian Ocean; Marion Dufresne (1972); MD28; MD28-02; MD28-03; MD28-08A; MD28-08B; MD28-14; MD28-15A; MD28-15B; MD28-17; MD28-22; MD28-23; MD28-24; MD28-25A; MD28-25B; MD28-25C; MD28-26; MD28-27A; MD28-27B; MD28-27C; MD28-28; MD28-29A; MD28-29B; MD28-29C; MD28-30A; MD28-30B; MD28-31A; MD28-31B; MD28-32A; MD28-32B; MD28-32C; MD28-32D; MD28-33A; MD28-33B; MD28-33C; MD28-34A; MD28-34B; MD28-34C; MD28-34D; MD28-35A; MD28-35B; MD28-35C; MD28-35D; MD28-36; MD28-36A; MD28-36B; MD28-36C; MD28-36D; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; PC; Piston corer; Position; Quantity of deposit; SAFARI II; Sediment type; SI810023; SI810024; SI810025; SI810026; Size; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 735 data points
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  • 89
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    Lithium concentration in manganese nodules of the Pacific Ocean (Hakurei Maru Cruise GH77-1, January-March, 1977) (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Korkisch, J (1977): Lithium concentration in manganese nodules of the Pacific Ocean (Hakurei Maru Cruise GH77-1, January-March, 1977). unpublished, handwritten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Various manganese nodules donated to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from the Hakurei Maru Cruise GH77-1, January-March, 1977, in the Central Pacific Basin have been analysed for their lithium content by J. Korkish from the Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Analysis of Nuclear Raw Materials Division, University of Vienna, Austria. The author has used a Perkin-Elmer atomic-absorption spectrometer 303 after speration by dissolution in hydrochloric acid.
    Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Event label; GH77-1; GH77-1-G385; GH77-1-G389; Hakurei-Maru (1974); Identification; Lithium; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; O70; Ocean 70 grab; Pacific Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22 data points
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  • 90
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    (Table, Appendix C) Metal content of nodules at Sea Scope stations based upon XRF analyses at the Ore Microscopy Laboratory, Washington State Unicersity, USA (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Fewkes, Ronald H; McFarland, William Douglas; Sorem, Ronald K (1981): Manganese nodule resource data, Sea Scope Expedition: final report. U.S. Bureau of Mines Open File Report, Dept. of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, U.S.A., 144, 230 pp
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: New information on possible resource value of sea floor manganese nodule deposits in the eastern north Pacific has been obtained by a study of records and collections of the 1972 Sea Scope Expedition. Nodule abundance (percent of sea floor covered) varies greatly, according to photographs from eight stations and data from other sources. All estimates considered reliable are plotted on a map of the region. Similar maps show the average content of Ni, Cu, Mn and Co at 89 stations from which three or more nodules were analyzed. Variations in nodule metal content at each station are shown graphically in an appendix, where data on nodule sizes are also given. Results of new analyses of 420 nodules from 93 stations for mn, fe, ni, cu, CO, and zn are listed in another appendix. Relatively high Ni + Cu content is restricted chiefly to four groups of stations in the equatorial region, where group averages are 1.86, 1.99, 2.47, and 2.55 weight-percent. Prepared for United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. Grant no. GO284008-02-MAS. - NTIS PB82-142571.
    Keywords: BC; Box corer; Cobalt; Copper; Core; CORE; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dredge, bucket; DRG_BU; Elevation of event; Event label; Iron; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Manganese; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Pacific Ocean; Sample ID; Seascope Expedition; SS72/1; SS72/2; SS72/3; SS72/5; SS72/6; SS72-103DB; SS72-104DB; SS72-105DB; SS72-106DB; SS72-111DB; SS72-112DB; SS72-114DB; SS72-115DB; SS72-122DB; SS72-124DB; SS72-125DB; SS72-126DB; SS72-127DB; SS72-131DB; SS72-132DB; SS72-134DB; SS72-135DB; SS72-138DB; SS72-13DB; SS72-141DB; SS72-148DB; SS72-149DB; SS72-14DB; SS72-150DB; SS72-151DB; SS72-152DB; SS72-153DB; SS72-154DB; SS72-155DB; SS72-156DB; SS72-157DB; SS72-16DB; SS72-17DB; SS72-19SC; SS72-20DB; SS72-21DB; SS72-22DB; SS72-23DB; SS72-24DB; SS72-25DB; SS72-26DB; SS72-27DB; SS72-28DB; SS72-29DB; SS72-30DB; SS72-31DB; SS72-32DB; SS72-33DB; SS72-36DB; SS72-37CC; SS72-38DB; SS72-3DB; SS72-41DB; SS72-44DB; SS72-4DB; SS72-50DB; SS72-52DB; SS72-53DB; SS72-57DB; SS72-58DB; SS72-59DB; SS72-5DB; SS72-60DB; SS72-63DB; SS72-65DB; SS72-66DB; SS72-68DB; SS72-69DB; SS72-6DB; SS72-70DB; SS72-72DB; SS72-74DB; SS72-79DB; SS72-7DB; SS72-80DB; SS72-83DB; SS72-84DB; SS72-85DB; SS72-86DB; SS72-87DB; SS72-89DB; SS72-8CC; SS72-90DB; SS72-91DB; SS72-92DB; SS72-93DB; SS72-94DB; SS72-95DB; SS72-96DB; SS72-97DB; SS72-98DB; SS72-99DB; SS72-9DB; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2940 data points
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  • 91
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    Observation of manganese deposits from the Paul Revere Deep in the northeastern Pacific Ocean (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North-East Pacific Ocean; Position; PZ69-11; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 21 data points
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  • 92
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    Chemical composition of manganese deposits associated with hydrothermal deposits of the East Pacific Rise and the FAMOUS Mid-Atlantic Ridge area (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Copper(II) oxide; CY-74-26-14; CY-78-06-11; CY-78-12-41; CYAMEX; Cyana (Submersible); Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; East Pacific Rise; Electron microprobe (EMP); Event label; FAMOUS 06-74; FAMOUS74; Grab; GRAB; GRAB_subCyana; Grab, on Cyana [Submersible]; Identification; Iron oxide, FeO; Le Noroit; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Mid Atlantic Ridge; Nickel oxide; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 629 data points
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  • 93
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    (Table 5, page 2052) Chemical composition of bulk manganese nodule samples from the North Pacific Ocean (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); BC; Box corer; Calcium oxide; Cobalt oxide; Comment; Copper(II) oxide; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DOMES Site A, Pacific Ocean; DOMES Site B, Pacific Ocean; DOMES Site C, Pacific Ocean; Dredge, bucket; DRG_BU; Elevation of event; Event label; Insoluble residue; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Loss on ignition; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Method/Device of event; Nickel oxide; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Oceanographer; Pacific Ocean; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; RP-8-OC-75; RP8OC7503; RP8OC75-47-12; RP8OC75-54-47; RP8OC76; RP-8-OC-76; RP8OC76-14-20; Sample ID; Seascope Expedition; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; SS72/2; SS72/3; SS72/5; SS72/6; SS72-148DB; SS72-149DB; SS72-152DB; SS72-24DB; SS72-52DB; SS72-96DB; Titanium dioxide; Wet chemistry; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Zinc oxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 193 data points
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  • 94
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    (Table 8, page 2053) Chemical composition of insoluble residues from Chester-Hughes acid-reducing leaching of manganese nodule samples from the North Pacific Ocean (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); BC; Box corer; Calcium oxide; Cobalt oxide; Comment; Copper(II) oxide; Date/Time of event; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DOMES Site A, Pacific Ocean; DOMES Site B, Pacific Ocean; DOMES Site C, Pacific Ocean; Dredge, bucket; DRG_BU; Elevation of event; Event label; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Method/Device of event; Nickel oxide; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Oceanographer; Pacific Ocean; Potassium oxide; RP-8-OC-75; RP8OC7503; RP8OC75-47-12; RP8OC75-54-47; RP8OC76; RP-8-OC-76; RP8OC76-14-20; Sample ID; Seascope Expedition; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; SS72/2; SS72/3; SS72/5; SS72/6; SS72-148DB; SS72-149DB; SS72-152DB; SS72-24DB; SS72-52DB; SS72-96DB; Titanium dioxide; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Zinc oxide
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 187 data points
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  • 95
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    Chemical composition of basal metalliferous sediments from DSDP Leg 9 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bloch, Salman (1981): Antipathetic magnesium-manganese relationship in basal metalliferous sediments. Chemical Geology, 33(1-2), 101-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90088-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Basal metalliferous sediments from sites 77B, 80 and 81 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project represent mixtures of pelagic clay, biogenic ooze, and a metalliferous component of hydrothermal origin. The metalliferous end-member of the sediments displays a strong inverse relationship (r = -0.88) between Mg and Mn. Mg is most likely tied up in an X-ray amorphous Mg-silicate ("sepiolite"), whereas Mn occurs almost exclusively in an oxide phase. Precipitation of the Mg-rich phase is favored by high flow rates and limited mixing of the hydrothermal end-member (source of silica) with seawater (source of Mg). Under those conditions much of the hydrothermal Mn(2+), with its slow oxidation kinetics, may escape to the free water column. In contrast, in highly-diluted hydrothermal fluids, which provide a source solution for Mn-rich sediments, dissolved silica is diluted below saturation with respect to "sepiolite". The separation of the Mn and Mg phases may be further compounded by hydraulic fractionation.
    Keywords: 9-77B; 9-80; 9-81; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Glomar Challenger; Leg9; North Pacific/HILL; South Pacific/VALLEY
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 96
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    Chemistry of the massive sulfide deposit at DSDP Hole 63-471 (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Devine, Joseph D; Leinen, Margaret W (1981): Chemistry of the massive sulfide deposit Cored at Site 471. In: Yeats, RS; Haq, BU; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 63, 679-686, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.63.124.1981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: We report here chemical analyses of sulfide and other minerals occurring in the massive sulfide deposit cored at Site 471. Details of the mineralogy and inferred paragenesis of the deposit will be reported elsewhere. The sulfide deposit at Site 471 occurs between overlying pelagic sediment and underlying basalt. The deposit is vertically zoned and consists, from top to bottom, of the following mineral assemblages: (1) pyrite, chalcopyrite, and Zn-sulfide in chert and calcite gangue (about 35 cm thick); (2) a 5-cm-thick metalliferous sediment layer described in detail by Leinen (this volume); and (3) a 4-cm-thick chert layer. The overlying sediment is a calcareous silty claystone that contains middle Miocene coccoliths (Bukry, this volume). The underlying basalt has been extensively chloritized and veined with calcite. In places feldspars are albitized, and calcite occurs as pseudomorphs after olivine. Relict textures suggest that the basalt grades into diabase and gabbro with increasing depth. Neither stock work nor disseminated sulfides was observed in the altered rocks.
    Keywords: 63-471; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Glomar Challenger; Leg63; North Pacific/FAN
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 97
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    (Table, pages 50-80), Chemical analyses of sediments underlying manganese nodules in Lake Michigan (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Cahill, Richard A (1981): Geochemistry of recent Lake Michigan sediments. llinois State Geological Survey, Circular No. 517, 104 pp, hdl:2142/42722
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The investigation of the sediments at the bottom of a lake provides a record of past geologic and climatic events that have influenced the lake and its associated drainage basin. The most recent sediments of a lake are indicators of man's impact on the surrounding watershed and emphasize the complex nature of interaction between chemical, biological, and physical processes that affect the distribution of sediments and their associated minerals and chemical species. The conclusions of this report are based on samples and measurements obtained during an extensive research cruise conducted in Lake Michigan by the Canada Survey Ship Limnos in August, 1975. Grab samples were collected at the intersections of a 12-by-12-km Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid over most of the lake bottom; a more detailed 7-by-7-km UTM grid was used in Green Bay and in the northeastern corner of the lake. Systematic chemical analysis was performed on the sediment samples over 23 elements. In Green Bay, elevated levels of a number of chemical elements in the sediments - notably arsenic, barium, manganese, and iron - suggest that a local geochemical process or source is important. One possible explanation is that ferromanganese nodules or concretions were observed in surface sediments from a number of locations in Green Bay and extreme northwestern Lake Michigan.
    Keywords: Aluminium oxide; Antimony; Arsenic; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); Barium; Beryllium; Bromine; Cadmium; Caesium; CAHILL1981; CAHILL1981_D39; CAHILL1981_D40; CAHILL1981_E40; CAHILL1981_F41; CAHILL1981_F44; CAHILL1981_G44; CAHILL1981_H45; CAHILL1981_H46; CAHILL1981_M46; CAHILL1981_N47; CAHILL1981_V44; CAHILL1981_V45; Calcium oxide; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon analyser, LECO; Cerium; Chloride; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Europium; Event label; Gallium; Grab; GRAB; Green Bay, Lake Michigan; Hafnium; Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA); Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Lanthanum; Lead; Limnos; Little Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan; Lutetium; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Mercury; Molybdenum; Neutron activation analysis with radiochemical separation (NAA-RC); Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Northern Lake Michigan; Optical emission spectrochemical analysis (OEP); Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Rubidium; Samarium; Sample, optional label/labor no; Scandium; Selenium; Silicon dioxide; Silver; Sodium oxide; Strontium; Sulfur, total; Tantalum; Terbium; Thorium; Titanium dioxide; Tungsten; Uranium; Vanadium; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Ytterbium; Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 563 data points
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  • 98
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    (Tables 1-2) Chemical composition of basal metalliferous sediments at DSDP Site 9-80 (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: 9-80; Aluminium; Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Perkin-Elmer; Calcium carbonate; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron; Iron, fractionated; Leg9; Magnesium; Manganese; Manganese, fractionated; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Phosphorus; Sample code/label; Silicon; South Pacific/VALLEY; X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 72 data points
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  • 99
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    (Table 2, page 234) Manganese and iron in manganese nodules of Oneida Lake, New York (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DISTANCE; Distance, maximum; Distance, minimum; Dredge; DRG; Event label; Iron; Manganese; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Oneida Lake, NY, USA; Oneida-Lake-123; Oneida-Lake-129; Position; Sample ID
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 94 data points
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  • 100
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    Description of the ferromanganese deposits at station 123 and 129 of the New York State Barge Canal System, Oneida Lake, New York (1981)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dredge; DRG; Event label; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Oneida Lake, NY, USA; Oneida-Lake-123; Oneida-Lake-129; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sample ID; Sediment type; Size; Substrate type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 27 data points
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