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  • 1
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    Combined Seismic and Geodetic Analysis Before, During, and After the 2018 Mount Etna Eruption (2021)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: In December 2018, Etna volcano experienced one of the largest episodes of unrest since the installation of geophysical monitoring networks in 1970. The unrest culminated in a short eruption with a small volume of lava erupted, a significant seismic crisis and deformation of the entire volcanic edifice of magnitude never recorded before at Mount Etna. Here we describe the evolution of the 2018 eruptive cycle from the analysis of seismic and geodetic data collected in the months preceding, during, and following the intrusion. We model the space‐time evolution of high‐rate deformation data starting from the active source previously identified from deformation data and the propagation of seismicity in a 3‐D velocity model. The intrusion model suggests emplacement of two dikes: a smaller dike located beneath the eruptive fissure and a second, deeper dike between 1 and 5 kmbelow sea level that opened ~2 m. The rise and eruption of magma from the shallower dike did not interrupt the pressurization of a long‐lasting deeper reservoir (~6 km) that induced continuous inflation and intense deformation of the eastern flank. Shortly after the intrusion, on 26 December 2018, aML4.8 earthquake occurred near Pisano, destroying buildings and roads in two villages. We propose a time‐dependent intrusion model that supports the hypothesis of the inflation inducing flank deformation and that this process has been active since September 2018.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020GC009218
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 2018 Mount Etna Eruption, time‐dependent intrusion model, modelling of high‐rate deformations ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Use of CORS Time Series for Geodynamics Applications in Western Sicily (Italy) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: In the last few decades, the use of GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) networks allowed improving the accuracy of realtime positioning and post-processing positioning. In this way, several applications have been performed including remote sensing, agriculture, cultural heritage and geodynamics studies. The latter have been developed analysing CORS time-series and consistent data over long periods were needed to validate the results. In Italy, specifically in Sicily, two CORS networks were be used to monitor the geodynamics motions: the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) GNSS CORS network in the eastern part and the University of Palermo (UNIPA) GNSS CORS network in the western part. In this research, preliminary results of time series about geodynamics motions of the western part of Sicily have been presented. In particular, the time series of the UNIPA GNSS CORS network have been analyzed over time by using the static positioning, over a period of approximately 5 years. Results showed a linear trend for all CORS time series, according to literature. An innovative methodology, the static Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has been also tested, to determine the time series of one CORS and compare the results with the static solution. The comparison between the two methodologies (static and PPP) demonstrated the capabilities of PPP technique with benefits in terms of costs and time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 61-76
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Keywords: GNSS time series analysis ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 3
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    The seismogenic source of the 2018 December 26th earthquake (Mt. Etna, Italy): A shear zone in the unstable eastern flank of the volcano (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: The 2018 December 26th earthquake (MW = 4.9) at the south-eastern slope of Mt. Etna provides new insights for improving the knowledge of the kinematics of the eastern flank of the volcano. The earthquake was preceded by a seismic swarm on the upper southern-western sector of the volcano and by a short eruptive event in the summit area. The associated crustal deformation triggered seismic reactivation of tectonic structures in the eastern flank of the volcano. The seismogenic source has been localized along one of the segments cutting the south-eastern slope the volcanic edifice, the NW-SE trending Fiandaca Fault, one of the most active shear zone belonging to the upslope extension of the Timpe fault system. In the last centuries, all these faults have been the source of very shallow, low magnitude, but destructive earthquakes. In order to determine the response of the unstable eastern flank of Mt. Etna to the volcano-tectonic events, we applied a multidisciplinary approach based on: i) analysis of historical and instrumental seismicity; ii) mapping of coseismic fracturing, iii) analysis of GPS and InSAR data. This study allows to better define the seismotectonic framework of the shear zone occurring in the eastern flank of Mt. Etna, framing it in the seismogenic belt extending as far as the Ionian offshore.
    Description: Project MUSE 4D-Overtime tectonic, dynamic and rheologic control on destructive multiple seismic events—Special Italian Faults and Earthquakes: From real 4-D cases to models, in the frame of PRIN 2017. INGV funds in the frame of the Agreement INGV-DPC “All. A. Catania University funds in the frame of the project “Multidisciplinary analysis of the deformation around active tectonic structures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101807
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: unstable eastern flank of Mt. Etna, 2018 December 26th earthquake (Mt. Etna), kinematics of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    An integrated geodetic and InSAR technique for the monitoring and detection of active faulting in southwestern Sicily (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-07
    Description: We present the results of the analysis of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and InSAR (Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar) data collected in the frame of a project financed by the “Struttura Terremoti” of INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia). Combined investigations pointed out for potential seismogenic sources for destructive earthquakes recorded in southwestern Sicily, including the 1968 Belice earthquake sequence and that supposed to have destroyed the Greek city of Selinunte which, according to geoarcheological data experienced two earthquakes in historical times. Our approach is aimed to evaluate the current deformation rate in SW Sicily and to improve the knowledge about the seismic potential of this area. The geodetic data proposed in this paper show that the Campobello di Mazara–Castelvetrano alignment (CCA) is currently deforming with a vertical and horizontal displacements of 2 mm/yr and 0.5 mm/yr respectively, according to the tectonic setting of the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE101
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Structural architecture and active deformation pattern in the northern sector of the Aeolian-Tindari-Letojanni fault system (SE Tyrrhenian Sea-NE Sicily) from integrated analysis of field, marine geophysical, seismological and geodetic data (2017)
    Società Geologica Italiana
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-31
    Description: Framed in the current geodynamics of the central Mediterranean, the Aeolian-Tindari-Letojanni fault system is part of a wider NW-SE oriented right-lateral wrench zone which accommodates diverging motion between regional-scale blocks located at the southern edge of the Calabrian Arc. In order to investigate the structural architecture and the active deformation pattern of the northern sector of this tectonic feature, structural observations on-land, high and very-high resolution seismic reflection profiles, swath bathymetry and seismological and geodetic data were merged from the Lipari-Vulcano volcanic complex (central sector of the Aeolian Islands) to the Peloritani Mountains across the Gulf of Patti. Our interpretation shows that the active deformation pattern of the study area is currently expressed by NW-SE trending, right-transtensional én-echelon fault segments whose overlapping gives rise to releasing stepover and pull-apart structures. This structural architecture has favored magma and fluid ascent and the shaping of the Lipari-Vulcano volcanic complex. Similarly, the Gulf of Patti is interpreted as an extensional relay zone between two overlapping, right-lateral NW-SE trending master faults. The structural configuration we reconstruct is also supported by seismological and geodetic data which are consistent with kinematics of the mapped faults. Notably, most of the low-magnitude instrumental seismicity occurs within the relay zones, whilst the largest historical earthquakes (1786, Mw=6.2; 1978, Mw=6.1) are located along the major fault segments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 399-417
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Southern Tyrrhenian sea ; NE Sicily ; seismic reflection profiles ; structural analysis ; seismology ; GPS ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Inflation Leading to a Slow Slip Event and Volcanic Unrest at Mount Etna in 2016: Insights From CGPS Data (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: Global Positioning System (CGPS) data from Mount Etna between May 2015 and September 2016 show intense inflation and a concurrent Slow Slip Event (SSE) from 11 December 2015 to 17 May 2016. In May 2016, an eruptive phase started from the summit craters, temporarily stopping the ongoing inflation. The CGPS data presented here give us the opportunity to determine (1) the source of the inflating body, (2) the strain rate parameters highlighting shear strain rate accumulating along NE Rift and S Rift, (3) the magnitude of the SSE, and (4) possible interaction between modeled sources and other flank structures through stress calculations. By analytical inversion, we find an inflating source 5.5 km under the summit (4.4 km below sea level) and flank slip in a fragmented shallow structure accommodating displacements equivalent to a magnitude Mw6.1 earthquake. These large displacements reflect a complex mechanism of rotations indicated by the inversion of CGPS data for strain rate parameters. At the scale of the volcano, these processes can be considered precursors of seismic activity in the eastern flank of the volcano but concentrated mainly on the northern boundary of the mobile eastern flank along the Pernicana Fault and in the area of the Timpe Fault System.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12141-12149
    Description: 4V. Dinamica dei processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: We detected inflation, likely due to magma, beneath Mount Etna’s summit region ; During the inflation, we detected a new Slow Slip Event on the eastern flank of Mount Etna ; We construct a model of the inflation leading to the slow slip supported by stress and strain calculations ; Slow slip event at Mt. Etna ; Volcanic unrest at Mt. Etna ; CGPS data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Detection of plumes at Redoubt and Etna volcanoes using the GPS SNR method (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: Detection and characterization of volcanic eruptions is important both for public health and aircraft safety. A variety of ground sensors are used tomonitor volcanic eruptions. Data fromthese ground sensors are subsequently incorporated into models that predict the movement of ash. Here amethod to detect volcanic plumes using GPS signals is described. Rather than carrier phase data used by geodesists, the method takes advantage of attenuations in signal to noise ratio (SNR) data. Two datasets are evaluated: the 2009 Redoubt Volcano eruptions and the 2013/2015 eruptions at Mt. Etna. SNR-based eruption durations are compared with previously published seismic, infrasonic, and radar studies at Redoubt Volcano. SNR-based plume detections from Mt. Etna are compared with L-band radar and tremor observations. To place these SNR observations from Redoubt and Etna in context, amodel of the propagation of GPS signals through bothwater/water vapor and tephra is developed. Neitherwater nor fine ash particles will produce the observed attenuation of GPS signals, while scattering caused by particles N1 cm in diameter potentially could.
    Description: EAR 1360810 and NASA NNX14AQ14G
    Description: Published
    Description: 26-39
    Description: 2SR. VULCANI - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Detection of plumes ; GPS SNR method ; Detection of plumes at Redoubt and Etna volcanoes ; Attenuations in GPS signal to noise ratio (SNR) data ; Mitigation of volcanic ash hazards
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Dome-like behaviour at Mt. Etna: The case of the 28 December 2014 South East Crater paroxysm (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-27
    Description: On the 28 December 2014, a violent and short paroxysmal eruption occurred at the South East Crater (SEC) of Mount Etna that led to the formation of huge niches on the SW and NE flanks of the SEC edifice from which a volume of ~3 × 106 m3of lava was erupted. Two basaltic lava flows discharged at a rate of ~370 m3/s, reaching a maximum distance of ~5 km. The seismicity during the event was scarce and the eruption was not preceded by any notable ground deformation, which instead was dramatic during and immediately after the event. The SO2flux associated with the eruption was relatively low and even decreased few days before. Observations suggest that the paroxysm was not related to the ascent of volatile-rich fresh magma from a deep reservoir (dyke intrusion), but instead to a collapse of a portion of SEC, similar to what happens on exogenous andesitic domes. The sudden and fast discharge eventually triggered a depressurization in the shallow volcano plumbing system that drew up fresh magma from depth. Integration of data and observations has allowed to formulate a novel interpretation of mechanism leading volcanic activity at Mt. Etna and on basaltic volcanoes worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5361
    Description: 4V. Dinamica dei processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: volcanic gas, ; petrology, ; eruptive mecchanism ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    The 2019 Eruptive Activity at Stromboli Volcano: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Reveal Hidden Features of the “Unexpected” 3 July Paroxysm (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: In July and August 2019, Stromboli volcano underwent two dangerous paroxysms previously considered “unexpected” because of the absence of significant changes in usually monitored parameters. We applied a multidisciplinary approach to search for signals able to indicate the possibility of larger explosive activity and to devise a model to explain the observed variations. We analysed geodetic data, satellite thermal data, images from remote cameras and seismic data in a timespan crossing the eruptive period of 2019 to identify precursors of the two paroxysms on a medium-term time span (months) and to perform an in-depth analysis of the signals recorded on a short time scale (hours, minutes) before the paroxysm. We developed a model that explains the observations. We call the model “push and go” where the uppermost feeding system of Stromboli is made up of a lower section occupied by a low viscosity, low density magma that is largely composed of gases and a shallower section occupied by the accumulated melt. We hypothesize that the paroxysms are triggered when an overpressure in the lower section is built up; the explosion will occur at the very moment such overpressure overcomes the confining pressure of the highly viscous magma above it.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4064
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; ground deformations ; thermal monitoring ; modelling of volcanic sources ; physics of volcanism ; geophysical monitoring ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Transtension at the Northern Termination of the Alfeo-Etna Fault System (Western Ionian Sea, Italy): Seismotectonic Implications and Relation with Mt. Etna Volcanism (2023)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Offshore data in the western Ionian Sea indicate that the NW–SE-trending dextral shear zone of the Alfeo–Etna Fault System turns to the N–S direction near the Ionian coastline, where the extensional Timpe Fault System is located. Morpho-structural data show that NW–SE-trending right-lateral strikeslip faults connect the Timpe Fault System with the upper slope of the volcano, where the eruptive activity mainly occurs along the N–S to NE–SW-trending fissures. Fault systems are related to the ~E–Wtrending extension and they are seismically active having given rise to shallow and low-moderate magnitude earthquakes in the last 150 years. As a whole, morpho-structural, geodetic and seismological data, seismic profiles and bathymetric maps suggest that similar geometric and kinematic features characterize the shear zone both on the eastern flank of the volcano and in the Ionian offshore. The Alfeo– Etna Fault System probably represents a major kinematic boundary in the western Ionian Sea associated with the Africa–Europe plate convergence since it accommodates, by right-lateral kinematics, the differential motion of adjacent western Ionian compartments. Along this major tectonic alignment, crustal structures such as releasing bends, pull-apart basins and extensional horsetails occur both offshore and on-land, where they probably represent the pathway for magma uprising from depth
    Description: This research was funded by the Catania University PIA.CE.RI. Project (linea 2) “Interaction between volcanic activity and active tectonic processes in the Mt. Etna area (InvultEtna). The research has moreover benefited from funding provided by the agreement between Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) and the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 128
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ionian Sea ; Mt. Etna ; seismic reflection data ; GNSS data ; tectonic-driven volcanism ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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