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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 11 (1977), S. 819-821 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 63 (1991), S. 529-532 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 18 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Semi-quantitative clay. mineral analysis was carried out on the clay and silt fractions of approximately three hundred Black Sea core samples. Relative abundance of montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and chlorite was determined.Illite is the most frequent clay mineral in the Black Sea surface sediments. Highest values are obtained in the northern and central Black Sea. Approaching the Anatolian coast, the illite portion gradually decreases at the expense of montmorillonite. Chlorite and kaolinite occur generally only in small quantities. The lateral changes in the composition of the clay minerals can easily be traced back to the petrology of a northern (rich in illite) and a southern (rich in montmorillonite) distributive area.In almost all cores a periodical fluctuation of the montmorillonite/illite ratio with depth could be observed which may be related to the changing influence of the two distributive provinces during the Holocene and Late Pleistocene (Würm). Higher montmorillonite contents indicate arctic and subarctic climate periods in the northern distributive area during which the illite supply was diminished to a large extent.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 21 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 22 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 68 (1979), S. 1009-1024 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The mineralogy and chemistry of cores from Lake Mobutu Sese Seko (East Africa) were studied. The base of the longest core was14C-dated at 28,000 years B.P. The clay fraction contains smectite (S), illite (I), kaolinite (K) and interstratified illite-smectite (I—S). These clays vary in a cyclic pattern. The following sequence was observed in the longest core from top to bottom: S (I+K) → I—S (S, + I, + K) → I (I—S, +(K)) → I—S (I, +S, +K) → S (I+K). This sequence is related to the Pleistocene evolution of Lake Mobutu Sese Seko. The occurrence of illite is explained as a diagenetic transformation of smectite into illite. During the illite formation (〉 12,500 years B.P.) the lake was in a closed basin stage, a conclusion supported by the presence of phillipsite and chabazite zeolites and the occurrence of protodolomitic oolites together with the illite.
    Abstract: Résumé Des carrottes de sondage provenant du Lac Albert ont fait l'objet d'études minéralogiques. L'extrémité inférieure des carrottes les plus longues ont, datées par le C14, un âge de 28.000 années. La fraction argileuse comprend de la smectite (S), de l'illite (I), de la kaolinite (K), et des minéraux à feuillets (I—S). La proportion des minéraux change cycliquement avec la profondeur. Du haut vers le bas, on observe la suite suivante: S (I+K) → I—S (S, + I, + K) → I (I—S, +(K)) → I—S (I, + S, +K) → S (I+K). Cette suite est en liaison étroite avec le développement du Lac Albert au Pléistocène. La présence d'illite s'explique par la transformation diagénétique à partir de la smectite. Au moment de la formation de l'illite (〉 12.5000), le Lac Albert était sans écoulement et était marqué par une forte concentration. Ce fait est souligné par l'association d'illite avec les zéolites, la philippsite et la chabasite. La présence simultanée d'oolites protodolomitiques montre que le niveau du lac était nettement plus bas qu'ajourd'hui.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Sedimentkerne aus dem Albert-See wurden mineralogisch untersucht. C14-Datierungen ergaben für das Kernende des längsten Kerns ein Alter von 28 000 Jahren v. h. Die Tonfraktion enthält Smektit (S), Illit (I), Kaolinit (K) und Wechsellagerungsmineralien (I—S). Der Anteil der einzelnen Mineralien ändert sich zyklisch mit der Tiefe. Vom Hangenden zum Liegenden läßt sich folgende Abfolge beobachten: S (I+K) → I—S (S, + I, + K) → I (I—S, +(K)) → I—S (I, + S, +K) → S (I+K). Diese Abfolge steht im Zusammenhang mit der Pleistozänen Entwicklung des Albert-Sees. Das Auftreten von Illit wild als diagenetische Umwandlung aus Smektit erklärt. Zum Zeitpunkt der Illitbildung (〉 12500 v. h.) war der Albert-See abflußlos und hochkonzentriert. Diese Tatsache wird unterstrichen durch die Vergesellschaftung von Illit mit den Zeolithen Phillipsit und Chabasit. Das gleichzeitige Auftreten von protodolomitischen Oolithen zeigt, daß der Seespiegel wesentlich tiefer als heute lag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 68 (1979), S. 302-317 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Late Quaternary sapropels of the eastern Mediterranean differ from normal sediments in their clay mineral composition. Clay minerals in the sapropels studied here are only slightly affected, or are not affected at all by diagenetic alteration. This permits the observation of primary differences. During stagnation periods, the contribution of remote or accessory sources was reduced or even absent. Different circulation patterns and, particularly, a general decline in deeper water currents activity might be held responsible for the observed differences in the clay mineral composition of sapropels and normal sediments.
    Abstract: Résumé Les sapropels quaternaires de la Méditerranée orientale se distinguent des vases communes par la composition des minéraux argileux. Les argiles des sapropels examinés sont peu affectés par l'altération diagénétique, ce qui permet l'observation de différences primaires. On a conclu, que pendant les périodes de stagnation, la contribution des argiles provenant des sources éloignées ou secondaires, a été réduite ou même interrompue. Différentes conditions de circulation et, avant tout, la réduction d'activité des courants profonds, sont probablement responsables des différences observées dans la composition des minéraux argilezx des sapropels et des vases communes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die quartären Sapropele des östlichen Mittelmeeres unterscheiden sich von den normal marinen Sedimenten in ihrer Tonmineralzusammensetzung. Die hier untersuchten Tone der Sapropele zeigen nur geringe oder gar keine diagenetischen Veränderungen. Diese Tatsache erlaubt, Rückschlüsse auf primäre Unterschiede zu ziehen. Während der Stagnationsperioden war die Zufuhr von Tonen aus entfernten oder weniger wichtigen Liefergebieten stark vermindert. Unterschiedliche Zirkulation, besonders eine geringere Aktivität der Tiefenströmungen, scheinen die Ursache für die beobachteten Unterschiede in der Tonmineralzusammensetzung zwischen Sapropel- und normal-marinen Sedimenten
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 362 (1993), S. 809-813 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The oxygen isotope compositions of fresh volcanic glasses from submarine volcanoes of 'enriched mantle' (EM-1 and EM-11) type appear to require the presence of subducted crustal components in the source of these lavas. These data confirm earlier inferences from trace elements and radiogenic ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 263 (1976), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Density stratification in lakes and oceans generate anoxic conditions below the pycnocline, and sediment facies mirror this development. A comparison of modern sediments deposited in stratified and non-stratified waters with sediments formed since the Cambrian reveals that the ancient sea has been ...
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Mohns Ridge lavas between 71 and 72°30′N (∼360 km) have heterogeneous compositions varying between alkali basalts and incompatible-element-depleted tholeiites. On a large scale there is a continuity of incompatible element and isotopic compositions between the alkali basalts from the island Jan Mayen and Mohns Ridge tholeiites. The variation in isotopes suggests a heterogeneous mantle which appears to be tapped preferentially by low degree melts (∼5%) close to Jan Mayen but also shows its signature much further north on Mohns Ridge. Three lava types with different incompatible element compositions [e.g. chondrite-normalized (La/Sm)N〈1 to 〉2] occur in the area at 72°N and were generated from this heterogeneous mantle. The relatively depleted tholeiitic melts were mixed with a small degree melt from an enriched source. The elements Ba, Rb and K of the enriched melt were probably buffered in the mantle by residual amphibole or phlogopite. That such a residual phase is stable in this region of oceanic mantle suggests both high water contents and low mantle temperatures, at odds with a hotspot origin for Jan Mayen. Instead we suggest that the melting may be induced by the lowered solidus temperature of a “wet” mantle. Mohns MORB (mid ocean ridge basalt) and Jan Mayen area alkali basalts have high contents of Ba and Rb compared to other incompatible elements (e.g. Ba/La 〉10). These ratios reflect the signature of the mantle source. Ratios of Ce/Pb and Rb/Cs are normal MORB mantle ratios of 25 and 80, respectively, thus the enrichments of Ba and Rb are not indicative of a sedimentary component added to the mantle source but were probably generated by the influence of a metasomatizing fluid, as supported by the presence of hydrous phases during the petrogenesis of the alkali basalts. Geophysical and petrological models suggest that Jan Mayen is not the product of hotspot activity above a mantle plume, and suggest instead that it owes its existence to the unique juxtaposition of a continental fragment, a fracture zone and a spreading axis in this part of the North Atlantic.
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