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  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug  (41)
  • Cats  (33)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (74)
  • Wiley
  • 1980-1984  (74)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (39)
  • 1981  (35)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (74)
  • Wiley
Years
  • 1980-1984  (74)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    A new laser scanning system for measuring action potential propagation in the heart (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: A rapid laser scanning system was developed to map the spread of excitation in amphibian and mammalian hearts stained with fluorescent dye. Isochronic maps of conduction were constructed by timing the upstroke of the optical action potential; 128 sites could be scanned in 4 milliseconds. The accuracy of this technique was verified by recording simultaneously from 16 unipolar electrodes placed in different areas of the heart. Conducted action potentials in normal frog heart propagated at 0.1 meter per second. Propagation of action potentials was also monitored in ischemic cat heart, in which both driven and arrhythmic action potential upstrokes could be tracked. The results suggest that this system is capable of scanning the normal and abnormal spread of electrical activity in the heart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dillon, S -- Morad, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6974891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Benzenesulfonates ; Cats ; Coronary Disease/physiopathology ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/*physiology ; *Lasers ; Rabbits ; Rana catesbeiana ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Merkel cell receptors: structure and transducer function (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: An electron microscopic and electrophysiological investigation was made of Merkel cell-neurite complexes in the sinus hair follicles of the cat. These mechanoreceptors respond with very precise phase locking to heavy-frequency vibratory stimuli as well as to static hair displacements. The mechanoelectric transduction process is faster than that known for any other somatic mechanoreceptor. These data show that the nerve endings themselves and not the Merkel cells are the mechanoelectric transducer elements in these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gottschaldt, K M -- Vahle-Hinz, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):183-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure ; Evoked Potentials ; Mechanoreceptors/*cytology/physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Skin/*innervation/ultrastructure ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 3
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    Retinal ganglion cell classes in the Old World monkey: morphology and central projections (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: Labeled ganglion cells were studied in whole-mount retinas of Old World monkeys after electrophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase into physiologically characterized sites. A number of different morphological classes have been identified, each of which has a distinctive pattern of central projection. Since different functional classes of primate retinal ganglion cells also have distinctive patterns of central projection, correspondences between functional and morphological cell types have been inferred. There prove to be parallels between morphological types of cat monkey ganglion cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leventhal, A G -- Rodieck, R W -- Dreher, B -- EY-02923/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY-03427/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY-05212/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1139-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Geniculate Bodies/cytology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Macaca/*anatomy & histology ; Macaca fascicularis/*anatomy & histology ; Neurons/cytology ; Retina/*cytology ; Superior Colliculi/cytology ; Visual Pathways/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Chemical modification of carotid body chemoreception by sulfhydryls (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: Sulfhydryl reagents cause striking augmentation of the chemoreceptor responses of the carotid body to hypoxia. This indicates that a cellular plasma membrane protein with a reactive sulfhydryl group is a constituent part of the chemoreceptor architecture and provides a means of identification, localization, and isolation of the protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lahiri, S -- HL-19737/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1065-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6262913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Carotid Body/drug effects/*physiology ; Cats ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Chemoreceptor Cells/drug effects/*physiology ; Ethylmaleimide/pharmacology ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
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    2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid causes behavioral effects in chickens at environmentally relevant doses (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: Administration of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid to incubating chicken eggs alters behavior after hatching. Single doses, with no morphological effects, retard learning (lowest dose, 7 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) and increase general activity (27 milligrams per kilogram) and jumping (13 milligrams per kilogram). Day 15 of incubation is the most susceptible stage of development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanderson, C A -- Rogers, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Age Factors ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Chick Embryo/drug effects ; Chickens ; Discrimination Learning/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Motor Activity/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
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    Functional restoration of vision in the cat after long-term monocular deprivation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: Recovery of visual acuity was studied in six long-term monocularly deprived cats after removal of the nondeprived eye or reverse lid suture. Although both manipulations improved visual acuity, removal of the nondeprived eye was associated with more rapid recovery and higher find acuity than in reverse suture. These results are in agreement with the known electrophysiological effects of these recovery conditions and are also similar to the effects of reverse occlusion or loss of the nonamblyopic eye in human amblyopes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, D C -- EYO 7005/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1137-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Amblyopia/physiopathology ; Animals ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Form Perception/physiology ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Cortex/growth & development/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Bee venom enhances guanylate cyclase activity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Bee venom and phospholipase A2 extracted from bee venom enhanced guanylate cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.2) activity two- to threefold in rat liver, lung, heart, kidney, ileum, and cerebellum. Dose-response relationships revealed that bee venom at concentrations as low as 1 microgram per milliliter and phospholipase A2 at 1 microunit per milliliter caused a maximal enhancement of guanylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vesely, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):359-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6113689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bee Venoms/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanylate Cyclase/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Phospholipases/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A2 ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Chemical impurity produces extra compound eyes and heads in crickets (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: A chemical impurity isolated from commercially purchased acridine causes cricket embryos to develop extra compound eyes, branched antennae, extra antennae, and extra heads. Purified acridine does not produce similar duplications of cricket heads or head structures nor do the substituted acridines proflavine, acriflavine, or acridine orange. A dose-response relation exists such that the number and severity of abnormalities increase with increasing concentration of the teratogen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walton, B T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):51-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Multiple/chemically induced ; Acridines/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Contamination ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects ; Eye Abnormalities ; Head/abnormalities ; Orthoptera/*drug effects ; *Teratogens
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Intrinsic birefringence signal preceding the onset of contraction in heart muscle (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-07
    Description: An intrinsic birefringence signal with two components occurring before sarcomere shortening was measured in mammalian cardiac muscle. The second component was sensitive to the inotropic state of the muscle as affected by external calcium concentration and epinephrine but not by changes of resting length. The second component was absent in frog heart. These results suggest that the second component of the birefringence signal reflects the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum related to excitation-contraction coupling processes occurring prior to onset of contraction in mammalian cardiac muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, R -- Morad, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 7;213(4508):663-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Birefringence ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cats ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/*physiology ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Rats ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    Ethanol tolerance in the rat is learned (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Rats were trained to walk on a treadmill to avoid foot shock. The animals developed tolerance for ethanol if given subsequent practice while ethanol intoxicated. Rats given equivalent doses of ethanol after practice did not develop tolerance, nor did saline-treated controls. These results challenge the hypothesis that mere repeated doses of ethanol are sufficient to induce tolerance. It seems that tolerance does not develop unless the response used to measure tolerance is performed while the subject is intoxicated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wenger, J R -- Tiffany, T M -- Bombardier, C -- Nicholls, K -- Woods, S C -- 03504/PHS HHS/ -- AA 04658/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):575-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; Ethanol/blood/*pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Endogenous late positive component of the evoked potential in cats corresponding to P300 in humans (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: A long-latency component of the averaged evoked potential recorded from cats was present only when the evoking stimulus was relevant to the task. The amplitude of this component varied inversely with stimulus probability and was independent of stimulus modality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilder, M B -- Farley, G R -- Starr, A -- NS 11876-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):605-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cats ; Conditioning, Classical ; *Evoked Potentials ; Habituation, Psychophysiologic ; *Perception/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Hindbrain GABA receptors influence parasympathetic outflow to the stomach (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: Blockade of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor function by direct microinjection of bicuculline into the nucleus ambiguous in cats produced a marked increase in gastric motility which was mediated by the vagus nerve. This effect was reversed by muscimol. These data indicate that the nucleus ambiguous may be an important brain site influencing gastric function and that the neurotransmitter controlling parasympathetic overflow from this nucleus to the stomach is gamma-aminobutyric acid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williford, D J -- Ormsbee, H S 3rd -- Norman, W -- Harmon, J W -- Garvey, T Q 3rd -- DiMicco, J A -- Gillis, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):193-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6269182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Cats ; Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects ; Medulla Oblongata/*physiology ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*physiology ; Stomach/*innervation/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Alcohol and pregnancy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1244-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6684327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ethanol/*adverse effects ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Platelet thromboxane synthetase inhibitors with low doses of aspirin: possible resolution of the "aspirin dilemma" (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Selective pharmacological inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis did not prevent arachidonate-induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro. Prevention was instead achieved by a combination of thromboxane A2 inhibitors with low concentrations of aspirin. The latter partially reduced the proaggregatory cyclooxygenase products that accumulated when thromboxane A2 synthesis was blocked. The aspirin concentrations did not affect per se either platelet aggregation or prostacyclin synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells. The combination of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors with low doses of aspirin may offer greater antithrombotic potential than either drug alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertele, V -- Falanga, A -- Tomasiak, M -- Dejana, E -- Cerletti, C -- de Gaetano, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):517-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspirin/*pharmacology ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects/enzymology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Methacrylates/pharmacology ; Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects ; Thromboxane-A Synthase/*antagonists & inhibitors
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  • 15
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    Ventral posterior thalamic neurons differentially responsive to noxious stimulation of the awake monkey (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Of 76 cutaneously activated neurons recorded from the ventral posterior thalamus of awake, behaving monkeys, nine were weakly excited by innocuous skin stimulation and responded maximally only when noxious mechanical cutaneous stimuli were delivered within small, contralateral receptive fields. These results show that neurons capable of encoding the spatial and temporal features of noxious stimuli are located in the ventral posterior thalamus of the awake primate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casey, K L -- Morrow, T J -- NS 12581/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):675-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Consciousness/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Physical Stimulation ; Rats ; Saimiri ; Thalamic Nuclei/physiology ; Thalamus/cytology/*physiology
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  • 16
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    Bioactive cardiac substances: potent vasorelaxant activity in mammalian atria (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Mammalian atrial extracts possess natriuretic and diuretic activity. In experiments reported here it was found that atrial, but not ventricular, extract also causes relaxation of isolated vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle preparations. The smooth muscle relaxant activity of atrial extract was heat-stable and concentration-dependent and could be destroyed with protease. Rabbit aortic and chick rectum strips were used for the detection of atrial biological activity. The atrial activity was separated by column chromatography into two peaks having apparent molecular weights of 20,000 to 30,000 and less than 10,000. The atrial substance that copurified with the smooth muscle relaxant activity in both peaks caused natriuresis when injected into conscious rats. It appears that atria possess at least two peptides that elicit smooth muscle relaxation and natriuresis, suggesting an endogenous system of fluid volume regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, M G -- Geller, D M -- Cole, B R -- Boylan, J G -- YuSheng, W -- Holmberg, S W -- Needleman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atrial Function ; Chickens ; Chromatography, Gel ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*drug effects ; Natriuresis/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Swine ; Vasodilation/drug effects
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  • 17
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    Proviral DNA of a retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, in two patients with AIDS (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by T-lymphocyte dysfunction and is frequently accompanied by opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with T-cell malignancies and can transform T lymphocytes in vitro. In an attempt to find evidence of HTLV infection in patients with AIDS, DNA from samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 AIDS patients was analyzed by Southern blot-hybridization with a radiolabeled cloned HTLV DNA probe. Analysis of DNA from both the fresh (uncultured) lymphocytes and from T cells cultured with T-cell growth factor revealed the presence of integrated HTLV proviral sequences in lymphocytes from two of the patients, both of whom had antibody to HTLV. The proviral sequences could not be detected in blood samples obtained from these individuals at a later date, consistent with the possibility that the population of infected cells had become depleted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelmann, E P -- Popovic, M -- Blayney, D -- Masur, H -- Sidhu, G -- Stahl, R E -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6601822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/immunology/*microbiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Retroviridae/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/analysis/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*microbiology
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  • 18
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    Drug history modifies the behavioral effects of pentobarbital (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Behavior of squirrel monkeys, maintained by the termination of stimuli associated with electric shock, was suppressed by response-dependent shock delivery. The effects of pentobarbital on this behavior depended on whether monkeys had previously received morphine. In monkeys without experience with drugs, pentobarbital increased responding. In monkeys with recent experience with morphine, however, pentobarbital resulted in a smaller increase or decrease in responding. The rate-decreasing effects of pentobarbital after a history of morphine administration could be reversed by the administration of d-amphetamine. These findings suggest that the behavioral effects of abused drugs may depend on previous experience with other drugs, even when those drugs are from a different pharmacological class.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glowa, J R -- Barrett, J E -- DA 02658/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 02873/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 07658/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):333-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Saimiri ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology
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  • 19
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    A cholinergic-sensitive channel in the cat visual system tuned to low spatial frequencies (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Visually evoked responses to counterphased gratings were recorded from the cat visual cortex before and after physostigmine administration. Physostigmine markedly reduced the responses to low spatial frequencies, but minimally affected the response to high frequencies. This effect is considered cholinergic since it could be reversed by atropine. These results support at least a two-channel model of spatial frequency responsivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harding, T H -- Wiley, R W -- Kirby, A W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1076-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Models, Neurological ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/*physiology ; Physostigmine/pharmacology ; *Vision, Ocular/drug effects ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
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  • 20
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    The thymus-adrenal connection: thymosin has corticotropin-releasing activity in primates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: Endotoxin-free thymosin fraction 5 elevated corticotropin, beta-endorphin, and cortisol in a dose- and time-dependent fashion when administered intravenously to prepubertal cynomolgus monkeys. Two synthetic component peptides of thymosin fraction 5 had no acute effects on pituitary function, suggesting that some other peptides in thymosin fraction 5 were responsible for its corticotropin-releasing activity. In agreement with these observations, total thymectomy of juvenile macaques was associated with decreases in plasma cortisol, corticotropin, and beta-endorphin. These findings indicate that the prepubertal primate thymus contains corticotropin-releasing activity that may contribute to a physiological immunoregulatory circuit between the developing immunological and pituitary-adrenal systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Healy, D L -- Hodgen, G D -- Schulte, H M -- Chrousos, G P -- Loriaux, D L -- Hall, N R -- Goldstein, A L -- CA 24974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1353-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/blood ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Kinetics ; Macaca fascicularis ; Thymectomy ; Thymosin/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Thymus Gland/*physiology ; beta-Endorphin
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  • 21
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    Implication of nonlinear kinetics on risk estimation in carcinogenesis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Efforts in estimating carcinogenic risk in humans from long-term exposure to chemical carcinogens have centered on the problem of low-dose extrapolation. For chemicals with metabolites that interact with DNA, it may be more meaningful to relate tumor response to the concentration of the DNA adducts in the target organ rather than to the applied dose. Many data suggest that the relation between tumor response and concentration of DNA adducts in the target organ may be linear. This implies that the nonlinearities of the dose-response curve for tumor induction may be due to the kinetic processes involved in the formation of carcinogen metabolite--DNA adducts. Of particular importance is the possibility that the kinetic processes may show a nonlinear "hockey-stick" like behavior which results from saturation of detoxification or DNA repair processes. The mathematical models typically used for low-dose extrapolation are shown potentially to overestimate risk by several orders of magnitude when nonlinear kinetics are present.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoel, D G -- Kaplan, N L -- Anderson, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1032-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*administration & dosage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Risk
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  • 22
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    A parathyroid hormone inhibitor in vivo: design and biological evaluation of a hormone analog (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: A synthetic analog of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH), [tyrosine-34] bPTH-(7-34)NH2, was found to inhibit parathyroid hormone action in vivo. When the analog and parathyroid hormone were infused simultaneously to rats at a molar ratio of 200 to 1, the analog inhibited the excretion of urinary phosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. When infused alone at the same dose rate, the analog was devoid of agonist activity. The compound was prepared by following design principles developed for inhibitors of parathyroid hormone, and is believed to be the first antagonist of parathyroid hormone that is effective in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horiuchi, N -- Holick, M F -- Potts, J T Jr -- Rosenblatt, M -- AM11749/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1053-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology ; Phosphates/urine ; Rats
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  • 23
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    Active shortening retards the decline of the intracellular calcium transient in mammalian heart muscle (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: When active shortening of the cat papillary muscle was allowed at any time during a contraction, the intracellular concentration of free calcium ions, detected with the calcium-sensitive bioluminescent protein aequorin, was higher than at comparable times in isometric twitches. The difference was not attributable to the differences of length involved or to motion artifacts, and must have been related to the act of shortening or the difference in force development in the two types of contractions. This observation and the phenomenon of shortening deactivation are both consistent with the hypothesis that attachment of cross bridges increases the affinity of the myofilaments for calcium ions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Housmans, P R -- Lee, N K -- Blinks, J R -- HL 12186/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TW 03046/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):159-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aequorin ; Animals ; Calcium/analysis/*physiology ; Cats ; Extracellular Space/analysis ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/physiology
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  • 24
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    Fragile sites in chromosomes: possible model for the study of spontaneous chromosome breakage (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: The tissue culture condition that is required for the type of chromosome breakage seen at most fragile sites, namely, the absence of folic acid and thymidine in the medium, greatly enhanced micronucleus formation in proliferating lymphocyte cultures from normal individuals. This suggests that chromosome breakage at fragile sites and the apparently spontaneous damage that gives rise to micronuclei are controlled by the same mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacky, P B -- Beek, B -- Sutherland, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):69-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Nucleus/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; *Chromosome Fragility ; Culture Media ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Folic Acid/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thymidine/pharmacology
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  • 25
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    Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats by intracerebral injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Intracisternal injection of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) into the pylorus-ligated rat or the rat with gastric fistula resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion stimulated with pentagastrin or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. When injected into the lateral hypothalamus--but not when injected into the cerebral cortex--CRF suppressed pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. The inhibitory effect of CRF was blocked by vagotomy and adrenalectomy but not by hypophysectomy or naloxone treatment. These results indicate that CRF acts within the brain to inhibit gastric acid secretion through vagal and adrenal mechanisms and not through hypophysiotropic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tache, Y -- Goto, Y -- Gunion, M W -- Vale, W -- River, J -- Brown, M -- AM30110/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):935-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Acid/*secretion ; Hypophysectomy ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Male ; Pentagastrin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vagotomy
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  • 26
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    Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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  • 27
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    Calicivirus isolation and persistence in a pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus) (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: What may be the first calicivirus isolate from any primate species, including man, was recovered from a herpesvirus-like lip lesion on a pygmy chimpanzee and then, 6 months later, from the throat of the same animal. The infected individual and its cage mates had circulating antibodies that were type-specific for this calicivirus. The agent was antigenically different from 30 other calicivirus serotypes and is tentatively designated primate calicivirus Pan paniscus type 1 (PCV-Pan 1).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, A W -- Skilling, D E -- Ensley, P K -- Benirschke, K -- Lester, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):79-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Caliciviridae/immunology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Cats ; Cattle ; Hominidae/*microbiology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Picornaviridae Infections/*microbiology ; Swine
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  • 28
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    Suppression of the humoral antibody response in natural retrovirus infections (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) frequently causes death by predisposing the host to acute infections by other pathogens rather than by inducing leukemia. In a previous study, cats infected with FeLV were found to have prolonged homograft rejection responses but there was no evidence that the humoral immune response was impaired. In the present study, the humoral response to the synthetic multichain polypeptide (L-tyrosine-L-glutamic acid)-poly-DL-alanine-poly-L-lysine, denoted (T.G)AL, was found to be significantly depressed in healthy cats that were naturally infected with FeLV compared to uninfected controls. In cats with persistent FeLV viremia the major antibody response to (T.G)AL, normally seen at days 9 to 14 after immunization, was both delayed and greatly reduced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trainin, Z -- Wernicke, D -- Ungar-Waron, H -- Essex, M -- CA-13885/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-18216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):858-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Cats ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Graft Rejection ; Immune Tolerance ; Leukemia/*immunology ; Leukemia Virus, Feline ; Peptides/immunology ; Rodentia
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  • 29
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    Amiloride directly inhibits the Na,K-ATPase activity of rabbit kidney proximal tubules (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Amiloride inhibited the ouabain-sensitive rate of oxygen consumption (QO2) of a suspension of rabbit intact proximal tubules in the presence of different concentrations of extracellular sodium. Measurements of the ouabain-sensitive QO2 in the presence of nystatin, the tissue sodium and potassium contents of the tubules in suspension, and the sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) activity of lysed tubule membranes indicated that the effect of amiloride was due to a direct inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soltoff, S P -- Mandel, L J -- AM26816/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29256/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):957-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amiloride/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/*enzymology ; Nystatin/pharmacology ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Pyrazines/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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  • 30
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    Release of immunoreactive serotonin into the lumen of the feline gut in response to vagal nerve stimulation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: Immunoreactive serotonin was detected in the lumen of the proximal jejunum of food-deprived cats. During perfusion of this intestinal segment in vivo, there was a constant basal rate of intraluminal secretion of this amine. The rate of secretion was significantly increased during efferent electrical stimulation of the cut cervical vagal nerves. This stimulatory effect was not altered after bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in the same animals. A synchronous release of substance P into the gut lumen was also demonstrated during vagal stimulation. During the period of increased intraluminal secretion of immunoreactive serotonin, there was no demonstrable change in the portal or systemic blood levels of this amine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahlman, H -- DeMagistris, L -- Zinner, M -- Jaffe, B M -- 5R01AM2652202/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1254-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6168020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Cats ; Chromaffin System/*metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Enterochromaffin Cells/*metabolism ; Jejunum/*metabolism ; Radioimmunoassay ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Substance P/metabolism ; Vagus Nerve/*physiology
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  • 31
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    Conversion of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to fat cells by an inhibitor of methylation: effect of 3-deazaadenosine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: 3-Deazaadenosine, an inhibitor of methylation, increased the frequency of conversion of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to fat cells in a dose-dependent manner. Once converted, the 3T3-L1 fat cells retained their adipose morphology and accumulated triglycerides even when 3-deazaadenosine was removed from the culture medium. 3-Deazaadenosine may perturb cellular methylation and thereby lead to an increase in the frequency of differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to fat cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiang, P K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*cytology ; Animals ; Carnitine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Methylation ; Mice ; Ribonucleosides/*pharmacology ; Tubercidin/*pharmacology
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  • 32
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    Opiate antagonist improves neurologic recovery after spinal injury (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: The opiate antagonist naloxone has been used to treat cats subjected to cervical spinal trauma. In contrast to saline-treated controls, naloxone treatment significantly improved the hypotension observed after cervical spinal injury. More critically, naloxone therapy significantly improved neurologic recovery. These findings implicate endorphins in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury and indicate that narcotic antagonists may have a therapeutic role in this condition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faden, A I -- Jacobs, T P -- Holaday, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure/*drug effects ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Naloxone/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Spinal Cord/blood supply ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*drug therapy/physiopathology
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    Detection of circulating metallothionein in rats injected with zinc or cadmium (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Circulating metallothionein was measured by radioimmunoassay over a 13-day period in male Sprague-Dawley rats that received a sequence of three intraperitoneal injections (at 3-day intervals) of either 5 milligrams of zinc or 0.8 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of body weight. These amounts of zinc and cadmium produced metallothionein concentrations in the range of 2 to 5 nanograms per milliliter of serum (zinc) and 2 to 15 nanograms per milliliter of serum (cadmium). In control rats given saline injections over the same period the metallothionein concentration ranged from 1 to 3 nanograms per milliliter of serum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garvey, J S -- Chang, C C -- ES 01629/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):805-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cadmium/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Metalloproteins/*blood ; Metallothionein/*blood/immunology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Zinc/*pharmacology
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    Discharge patterns of hindlimb motoneurons during normal cat locomotion (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: Long-term recording from single lumbar motoneurons of intact cats revealed activation patterns fundamentally different from those seen in decerebrate preparations. In intact cats, motoneuron bursts showed marked rate modulation without initial doublets. Each unit's frequencygram generally resembled the envelope of the gross electromyogram simultaneously recorded from the corresponding muscle. Average and peak discharge rates increased for faster gaits. These findings suggest that, in cat locomotion, rate modulation is a more important contributor to force regulation than was previously thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffer, J A -- O'Donovan, M J -- Pratt, C A -- Loeb, G E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):466-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Hindlimb/innervation ; *Locomotion ; Microelectrodes ; Motor Neurons/*physiology
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    Electroretinographic responses to alternating gratings before and after section of the optic nerve (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-27
    Description: Electroretinographic (ERG) responses to sinusoidal gratings reversed in contrast (pattern-reversal ERG) were recorded from both eyes of cats before and after unilateral section of the optic nerve. In the eye ipsilateral to the section, the pattern-reversal ERG remained unaltered for a few days after the section, the progressively decreased in amplitude, first at low and then at high spatial frequencies, to disappear completely about 4 months after the section, when ganglion cell degeneration was practically complete. The flash ERG remained unaltered. No alteration was observed in the contralateral eye.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mafei, L -- Fiorentini, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 27;211(4485):953-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Electroretinography ; Form Perception/*physiology ; Nerve Degeneration ; Neurons/*physiology ; Optic Nerve/physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/*physiology ; Retina/*cytology/physiology
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    Glucose stimulation of the antilipolytic effect of insulin in humans (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: Dose-response studies of the inhibition of lipolysis by insulin in isolated human adipocytes were conducted with the use of a sensitive bioluminescent assay of glycerol release. The addition of glucose to the incubation medium was associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity and an increase in the maximum insulin effect. The results suggest that glucose plays an important role in regulating the antilipolytic action of insulin in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arner, P -- Bolinder, J -- Ostman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6342138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Lipolysis/*drug effects
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    A major metabolite of arginine vasopressin in the brain is a highly potent neuropeptide (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: A peptide that accumulated as the major product during the proteolysis of arginine vasopressin by rat brain synaptic membranes was isolated and its structure was shown to be the hexapeptide pGlu-Asn-Cys(Cys)-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2. When administered intracerebroventricularly in extremely low doses, this vasopressin fragment and its desglycinamide derivative facilitated memory consolidation in a passive avoidance situation. These vasopressin metabolites, which are devoid of pressor activity, constitute highly potent neuropeptides with selective effects on memory and related processes; they are activated via proteolytic processing of vasopressin by brain peptidases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burbach, J P -- Kovacs, G L -- de Wied, D -- van Nispen, J W -- Greven, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1310-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6351252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*metabolism/physiology ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Brain/*metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Ethanol modulation of opiate receptors in cultured neural cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: The mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 was used to study the acute and chronic interaction of ethanol with intact neural cells. In the short term, ethanol inhibited opiate receptor binding, but after long-term exposure the cells exhibited an apparent adaptive increase in the number of opiate binding sites; this was reversible when ethanol was withdrawn. High concentrations of ethanol (200 mM) increased opiate binding after 18 to 24 hours, whereas lower concentrations (25 to 50 mM) produced similar changes after 2 weeks. This model system has potential for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charness, M E -- Gordon, A S -- Diamond, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1246-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Glioma ; Hybrid Cells ; Mice ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects/metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Activation of central neurons by ventral root afferents (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: It is a fundamental principle of vertebrate neuronal organization that sensory fibers are restricted to dorsal roots and motor fibers to ventral roots. Recent evidence, however, indicates that there are many sensory fibers in ventral roots. The present report shows that stimulation of these fibers activates neurons in the dorsal horn. This provides evidence at the single-cell level for the importance of ventral root afferents and provides an explanation for the clinical phenomenon of recurrent sensibility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, J M -- Lee, K H -- Endo, K -- Coggeshall, R E -- NS 10161/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 11255/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 18830/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):934-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Microelectrodes ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Reaction Time ; Spinal Nerve Roots/*physiology
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    Fluoride directly stimulates proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone-forming cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-10-21
    Description: Fluoride is one of the most potent but least well understood stimulators of bone formation in vivo. Bone formation was shown to arise from direct effects on bone cells. Treatment with sodium fluoride increased proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone cells in vitro and increased bone formation in embryonic calvaria at concentrations that stimulate bone formation in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farley, J R -- Wergedal, J E -- Baylink, D J -- AM31061/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM31062/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 21;222(4621):330-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Development/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/*cytology/embryology/enzymology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fluorides/*pharmacology ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology
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    A functional role for an opiate system in snail thermal behavior (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: The terrestrial snail Cepaea nemoralis, when placed on a 40 degrees C hot plate, lifts the anterior portion of its foot. The latency of this response is influenced by morphine and by naloxone in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Morphine increases the time taken to respond, whereas naloxone reduces it. Furthermore, naloxone abolishes the effect of morphine. These results indicate that an opiate system may have a role in this behavior, which resembles that reported in vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kavaliers, M -- Hirst, M -- Teskey, G C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):99-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6298941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hot Temperature ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects/*physiology ; Snails/*physiology ; Thermoreceptors/physiology
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    Substance P and somatostatin regulate sympathetic noradrenergic function (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Peptidergic-noradrenergic interactions were examined in explants of rat sympathetic superior cervical ganglia and in cultures of dissociated cells. The putative peptide transmitters substance P and somatostatin each increased the activity of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase after 1 week of exposure in culture. Maximal increases occurred at 10(-7) molar for each peptide, and either increasing or decreasing the concentration reduced the effects. Similar increases in tyrosine hydroxylase were produced by a metabolically stable agonist of substance P, while a substance P antagonist prevented the effects of the agonist. The data suggest that the increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity was mediated by peptide interaction with specific substance P receptors and that peptides may modulate sympathetic catecholaminergic function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kessler, J A -- Adler, J E -- Black, I B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1059-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6192502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacitracin/pharmacology ; Captopril/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Techniques ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/*enzymology ; Rats ; Somatostatin/*pharmacology ; Substance P/*pharmacology ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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    Pregnancy increases reactivity of mice to phenobarbital (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Compared to nonpregnant controls, pregnant mice injected with phenobarbital had lower concentrations of the drug in the plasma but equivalent concentrations in the brain. In spite of the similar concentrations in the brain, the behavioral response to phenobarbital was greater for pregnant than nonpregnant mice. These results suggest that the concentration of phenobarbital in the plasma, which is commonly used as a basis for adjusting phenobarbital dosage during pregnancy, is not an appropriate indicator of the dynamics of the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Middaugh, L D -- Zemp, J W -- Boggan, W O -- AA03532/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- DA00041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA01750/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):534-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Phenobarbital/analysis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Pregnancy/drug effects ; Time Factors
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    Antipyretic potency of centrally administered alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Centrally administered alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone is much more potent in reducing fever than the widely used antipyretic acetaminophen. This finding supports the hypothesis that the endogenous neuropeptide has a role in the limitation of fever and suggests that it may be clinically useful as an antipyretic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, M T -- Richards, D B -- Lipton, J M -- NS 10046/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):192-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6602381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaminophen/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*pharmacology ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fever/drug therapy ; Humans ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/*pharmacology ; Rabbits
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    Somatomedin-C mediates growth hormone negative feedback by effects on both the hypothalamus and the pituitary (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: Somatomedin-C stimulates somatostatin release to a maximum of 390 percent of basal release during short-term (20-minute) incubation of rat hypothalamus. It has no effect on basal or stimulated growth hormone release from primary cultures of rat adenohypophyseal cells during a 4-hour incubation, but inhibits stimulated release by more that 90 percent after 24 hours. These findings suggest that somatomedin-C participates in the growth hormone negative feedback loop with an immediate effect on hypothalamic somatostatin and a delayed effect on the anterior pituitary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berelowitz, M -- Szabo, M -- Frohman, L A -- Firestone, S -- Chu, L -- Hintz, R L -- AM 18722/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 24085/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1279-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6262917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Feedback ; Growth Hormone/pharmacology/*secretion ; Hypothalamus/drug effects/*physiology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Kinetics ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/drug effects/*secretion ; Rats ; Somatomedins/*pharmacology
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  • 46
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    Interaction between purine and benzodiazepine: Inosine reverses diazepam-induced stimulation of mouse exploratory behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-13
    Description: Inosine, 2-deoxyinosine, and 2-deoxyguanosine completely reversed the increase in exploratory activity elicited in mice by diazepam. The inhibition of exploratory behavior by purines occurred at doses that when given alone have no effect on exploratory behavior. 7-Methylinosine, which does not bind to the brain benzodiazepine binding site in vitro, had no effect on the diazepam-induced increase in exploratory behavior. Behavioral effects produced by various combinations of inosine and diazepam indicate that the interaction between purine and benzodiazepine is antagonistic and support the hypothesis that the naturally occurring purines function in anxiety-related behaviors that respond to benzodiazepine treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crawley, J N -- Marangos, P J -- Paul, S M -- Skolnick, P -- Goodwin, F K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 13;211(4483):725-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6256859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Diazepam/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Inosine/*pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Receptors, Drug/*drug effects ; Receptors, GABA-A
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    Response artifact in the measurement of neuroleptic-induced anhedonia (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Systemic administration of the neuroleptic drug alpha-flupenthixol attenuated lever-pressing behavior in rats responding for rewarding brain stimulation. The magnitude of this attenuation was dose-dependent and resembled the effects of reward reduction and termination. However, when the operant response requirements of the same rats were changed to nose poking, identical drug treatments produced relatively little attenuation in performance. These data do not support the belief that neuroleptics produce a general state of anhedonia. Rather, the apparent suppression of reinforced behaviors depends at least in part on the kinetic requirements of the response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ettenberg, A -- Koob, G F -- Bloom, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):357-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electroshock ; Flupenthixol/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; *Reward ; Thioxanthenes/*pharmacology
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    Carcinogens and regulation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lappe, M -- Hooper, K -- Blake, E -- Pfund, N -- Gardner, E -- Rosenberg, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 23;211(4480):332-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; *Carcinogens ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Species Specificity
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    Pituitary gastrins occur in corticotrophs and melanotrophs (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: The gut hormone gastrin was identified in pituitary cells containing adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-melanocyte--stimulating hormone by region-specific immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Smaller amounts of gastrin were found in nerve fibers of the neural lobe and pituitary stalk. Since adrenocorticotropic hormone--like peptides occur in antropyloric gastrin cells, these data indicate a considerable similarity in peptide composition of pituitary and gastrointestinal endocrine cells and reinforces questions of multiple hormone production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larsson, L I -- Rehfeld, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):768-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6266012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cats ; Gastrins/genetics/*metabolism ; Histocytochemistry ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/cytology/*metabolism ; Radioimmunoassay ; Swine
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    Elastin fragments attract macrophage precursors to diseased sites in pulmonary emphysema (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: This study suggests one mechanism by which alveolar macrophages accumulate in the lung in pulmonary emphysema: elastin fragments generated at the diseased sites are potent chemoattractants for monocytes, the precursors of the macrophages. The most chemotactic elastin fragments have a molecular weight between 10,000 and 50,000 and are active at concentrations as low as 3 nanograms per milliliter. By comparison, elastin fragments with higher molecular weights and desmosines are active at concentrations greater than 0.3 microgram per milliliter. In addition, preincubation of monocytes with the 10,000- to 50,000-dalton elastin impairs the ability of the cells to migrate toward elastin fragments but not toward activated serum. Fragments of tropoelastin are not chemotactic for monocytes. Because elastin, but not tropoelastin, contains lysyl-derived cross-links, these structures may be the active chemotactic site on the elastin fragments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunninghake, G W -- Davidson, J M -- Rennard, S -- Szapiel, S -- Gadek, J E -- Crystal, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):925-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Elastin/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Macrophages/physiology ; Monocytes/*physiology ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Pulmonary Emphysema/*physiopathology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tropoelastin/*pharmacology
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    Perivascular meningeal projections from cat trigeminal ganglia: possible pathway for vascular headaches in man (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Peroxidase-containing cell bodies were found in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia after horseradish peroxidase was applied to the proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery in seven cats. Cell bodies containing the enzyme marker were located among clusters of cells that project via the first division. The existence of sensory pathways surrounding large cerebral arteries provides an important neuroanatomical explanation for the hemicranial distribution of headaches associated with certain strokes and migraine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayberg, M -- Langer, R S -- Zervas, N T -- Moskowitz, M A -- GM 26698/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 22573/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS 15201/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):228-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6166046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/*anatomy & histology ; Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Cats ; Cluster Headache/*physiopathology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Humans ; Meninges/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Trigeminal Ganglion/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Trigeminal Nerve/*anatomy & histology ; Vascular Headaches/*physiopathology
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    Prudent practices for handling hazardous chemicals in laboratories (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-20
    Description: A National Research Council report has recommended practices for safe handling and disposal of hazardous chemicals in laboratories. They are a practical alternative to detailed regulations on individual chemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKusick, B C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 20;211(4484):777-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Explosions/prevention & control ; Laboratories/*standards ; *Occupational Medicine ; Research ; Ventilation
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    Ranking animal carcinogens: a proposed regulatory approach (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-20
    Description: The nature and extent of positive evidence associated with animal carcinogens vary widely, yet present regulatory policy does not permit adequate discrimination among the many carcinogenic substances. Most are treated as if they pose equal potential risk to humans, and this is not consistent with the available data. Without knowledge of carcinogenic mechanisms, the evaluation of responses in intact mammalian surrogates best reflects the potential levels of human risk. An example of a scoring system is proposed by which animal carcinogens are ranked according to the most relevant toxicological evidence derived from animal and genotoxicity studies. Different classes of animal carcinogens could thus be recognized and would permit several regulatory options and provide a means to establish priorities for public and scientific concerns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Squire, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 20;214(4523):877-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogens/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/*methods ; Humans ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*chemically induced ; Risk
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    Thyrotropin-releasing hormone effects in the central nervous system: dependence on arousal state (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone was microinjected into the dorsal hippocampus of ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis) when they were at different levels of arousal, as assessed by electrophysiological and behavioral criteria. When administered to the awake animal, thyrotropin-releasing hormone produced dose-dependent decreases in body temperature accompanied by behavioral quieting and reductions in metabolic rate and electromyographic activity. The magnitude of these effects was greater when the peptide was microinjected during a period of behavioral activation. In contrast, administration of the peptide during slow wave sleep produced increased thermogenesis, an increase in electromyographic activity, and an increase in the amount of electroencephalographic desynchronization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stanton, T L -- Bechman, A L -- Winokur, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):678-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6794147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arousal/*drug effects ; Body Temperature Regulation/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hippocampus/*drug effects ; Male ; Sciuridae/*physiology ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/*pharmacology ; Wakefulness/drug effects
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    Spatial frequency columns in primary visual cortex (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Using the activity-dependent 2-[14C]deoxy-D-glucose technique, we have demonstrated a columnar organization of spatial frequency--specific sensitivity in striate cortex. Cats viewing patterns containing a single spatial frequency presented at all orientations show columns of increased deoxyglucose uptake extending through all cortical layers. A control stimulus containing all spatial frequencies presented at all orientations produces no columnar density differences within the striate cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tootell, R B -- Silverman, M S -- De Valois, R L -- BNS78-06171/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- EY0014-12/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):813-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Deoxyglucose ; Orientation/physiology ; Space Perception/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    Subthreshold excitatory activity and motoneuron discharge during REM periods of active sleep (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: A striking paradox of the rapid eye movement periods of active sleep, which are typically characterized by the exacerbation of somatomotor atonia, is the occurrence of muscle twitches and jerks. The purpose of this study was to examine the specific motoneuron membrane potential processes responsible for these myoclonic patterns of activity. In lumbar motoneurons, examined intracellularly in the cat prepared for long-term study, these processes consisted of recurrent depolarizing membrane potential shifts and spontaneous action potentials that were either full-sized or of partial amplitude. In addition, the invasion of antidromically induced spikes into the soma was often blocked. Hyperpolarizing potentials were evident in the intervals between spontaneous spikes. Hyperpolarization was also observed immediately before depolarization and spike activity, in contrast to the gradual depolarization of the motoneuron membrane potential that always occurred during wakefulness. Thus, during rapid eye movement periods, in conjunction with muscle twitches and jerks, a strong excitatory input is superimposed on a background of inhibitory input. The unique patterns of membrane potential change that arise thus seem to result from the simultaneous coactivation of excitatory and inhibitory processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chase, M H -- Morales, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1195-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Membrane Potentials ; *Motor Activity ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; *Sleep, REM ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Very brief visual experience eliminates plasticity in the cat visual cortex (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Rearing cats in the dark extends the critical period for development of visual cortical neurons, which indicates that the experience of visual input is necessary to begin the developmental process. A single brief pulse of visual input (6 hours) during a period of dark-rearing eliminates delayed development in the visual cortex. Light therefore seems to rapidly trigger the developmental process, and once triggered, that process runs to completion in the absence of further input.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mower, G D -- Christen, W G -- Caplan, C J -- EY 03335/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD 06276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):178-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Darkness ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Time Factors ; Vision, Ocular/physiology ; Visual Cortex/growth & development/*physiology
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    Interactions among converging sensory inputs in the superior colliculus (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-22
    Description: The responses of superior colliculus cells to a given sensory stimulus were influenced by the presence or absence of other sensory cues. By pooling sensory inputs, many superior colliculus cells seem to amplify the effects of subtle environmental cues in certain conditions, whereas in others, responses to normally effective stimuli can be blocked. The observations illustrate the dynamic, interactive nature of the multisensory inputs which characterize the deeper laminae of the superior colliculus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meredith, M A -- Stein, B E -- EY 04119/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS 06838/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 22;221(4608):389-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Cats ; Cricetinae ; Neural Inhibition ; Photic Stimulation ; Sensory Thresholds ; Superior Colliculi/cytology/*physiology
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    5-hydroxytryptophan elevates serum melatonin (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Daytime administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan to sheep elevated serum melatonin more than sevenfold within 2 hours. This suggests that administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan could be used as the basis of a clinical test of pineal function and that melatonin might mediate some clinical effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Namboodiri, M A -- Sugden, D -- Klein, D C -- Mefford, I N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):659-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Melatonin/*blood ; Pineal Gland/physiology ; Rats ; Serotonin/*pharmacology ; Sheep ; Tryptophan/pharmacology
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    Monkey model of Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*chemically induced ; Pyridines/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects/physiopathology ; Swine
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    Hysteresis in the force-calcium relation in muscle (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Calcium ions activate muscle contraction. The mechanism depends on the calcium sensitivity of the proteins that regulate contraction. Evidence is presented for the reverse phenomenon, where contraction modulates calcium sensitivity. Increasing the force level increased calcium sensitivity in intact fibers showing that the relation between force and calcium is not unique. A particular calcium concentration can maintain a higher force level than it can create. The results were confirmed in skinned fiber experiments. Transient reduction of the force led to a transient reduction in calcium binding, suggesting a simple mechanism for the hysteresis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ridgway, E B -- Gordon, A M -- Martyn, D A -- NS 08384/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10919/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1075-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aequorin ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/*physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Muscle Contraction ; Protein Binding ; Thoracica
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    Is thymosin action mediated by prostaglandin release? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: Treatment of spleen cells derived from adult thymectomized mice with thymosin fraction 5 resulted in a rapid and dose-dependent stimulation of the release of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2. The release of prostaglandin E2 was associated with induction of theta antigen and was totally inhibited by indomethacin. In contrast, prostaglandin E2 release from spleen cells from intact donors was inhibited by treatment with fraction 5. The data support the concept that prostaglandin E2 mediates the effects of thymosin fraction 5 on lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rinaldi Garaci, C -- Favalli, C -- Del Gobbo, V -- Garaci, E -- Jaffe, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1163-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6574601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dinoprostone ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Indomethacin/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Prostaglandins E/*physiology ; Spleen/drug effects/physiology ; Thymectomy ; Thymosin/*pharmacology ; Thymus Hormones/*pharmacology
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    Exercise hyperpnea and locomotion: parallel activation from the hypothalamus (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-20
    Description: Unanesthetized decorticate cats walked or ran normally on a treadmill either spontaneously or during electrical stimulation of the subthalamic "locomotor" region. The respiratory response usually preceded the locomotor response and increased in proportion to locomotor activity despite control or ablation of respiratory feedback mechanisms. Respiration increased similarly in paralyzed animals during fictive locomotion despite the absence of muscular contraction or movement. Hypothalamic command signals are thus primarily responsible for the proportional driving of locomotion and respiration during exercise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eldridge, F L -- Millhorn, D E -- Waldrop, T G -- HL-17106/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-17689/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS-11132/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 20;211(4484):844-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Cats ; Decerebrate State ; Feedback ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; *Locomotion ; *Physical Exertion ; *Respiration
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    Side-effect reduction by use of drugs that bind to separate but equivalent binding sites (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrenstein, G -- Huang, L Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1365-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Models, Biological ; Receptors, Drug/*drug effects
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    Metkephamid, a systemically active analog of methionine enkephalin with potent opioid alpha-receptor activity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: Metkephamid is an analog of methionine enkephalin that retains high affinity for the delta receptor and is a systemically active analgesic. Since it is at least 100 times more potent than morphine as an analgesic when placed directly into the lateral ventricles, and is 30 to 100 times more potent on the delta receptor and yet is roughly equipotent on the mu receptor in vitro, it is concluded that it probably produces analgesia by action on delta receptors as well as, or rather than, on mu receptors. It has less tendency to produce respiratory depression, tolerance, and physical dependence than standard analgesics, and it is presently undergoing clinical trial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frederickson, R C -- Smithwick, E L -- Shuman, R -- Bemis, K G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6256856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesics ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; *Enkephalin, Methionine/*analogs & derivatives ; Enkephalins/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substance-Related Disorders/etiology
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    Growth and reshaping of axons in the establishment of visual callosal connections (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: The visual cortical areas in the two hemispheres are interconnected by axons running through the corpus callosum. In adult cats, these axons originate from, and terminate in, tangentially restricted portions of each area. In young kittens, however, callosal axons originate from the entire extent of each area, although they apparently enter the gray matter only in the restricted regions where they will also be found in adults. In kittens, but not in adults, callosal axons also reach other regions, but there they appear to be confined to the lowest part of layer VI. During the first two postnatal months, the callosal efferent zones become progressively restricted to their adult locations. During this process, many neurons eliminate the axons (or axon collaterals) that they had formerly sent through the corpus callosum and form permanent connection ipsilaterally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Innocenti, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):824-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Axons/cytology ; Cats ; Corpus Callosum/cytology/*growth & development ; Visual Pathways/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Vasopressin exhibits a rhythmic daily pattern in cerebrospinal fluid but not in blood (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reppert, S M -- Artman, H G -- Swaminathan, S -- Fisher, D A -- HD 06335/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 14427/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1256-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Biological Clocks ; Cats ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Hypothalamus/secretion ; Memory/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Supraoptic Nucleus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Germplasm conservation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1074, 1076.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6946561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Relative brain size and metabolism in mammals (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: Comparisons of the relation between brain and body weights among extant mammals show that brain sizes have not increased as much as body sizes. Interspecific increases in brain and body size appear to occur at the same rate, however, when the amount of available energy is taken into account. After this adjustment, brains of primates are slightly larger than expected from the overall mammalian data, but primates also use a larger proportion of their total energy reserves for their brains. Analyses of relative brain size must take into account the requirements that the metabolically active brain has for the body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armstrong, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Basal Metabolism ; Body Weight ; Cats ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology ; Dogs ; Haplorhini/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Primates/anatomy & histology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ranking carcinogens for regulation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crump, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 21;219(4582):236-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Models, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human T-cell leukemia virus linked to AIDS (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6601821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/*microbiology ; Animals ; Cats ; Humans ; *Retroviridae/isolation & purification ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Naltrexone modulates tumor response in mice with neuroblastoma (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, had both stimulatory and inhibitory effects, depending on the dosage, on the growth of S20Y neuroblastoma in A/Jax mice. Daily injections of 0.1 milligram of naltrexone per kilogram of body weight, which blocked morphine-induced analgesia for 4 to 6 hours per day, resulted in a 33 percent tumor incidence, a 98 percent delay in the time before tumor appearance, and a 36 percent increase in survival time. Neuroblastoma-inoculated mice receiving 10 milligrams of naltrexone per kilogram, which blocked morphine-induced analgesia for 24 hours per day, had a 100 percent tumor incidence, a 27 percent reduction in the time before tumor appearance, and a 19 percent decrease in survival time. Inoculation of neuroblastoma cells in control subjects resulted in 100 percent tumor incidence within 29 days. These results show that naltrexone can modulate tumor response and suggest a role for the endorphin-opiate receptor system in neuro-oncogenic events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zagon, I S -- McLaughlin, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):671-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Naloxone/*analogs & derivatives ; Naltrexone/*therapeutic use ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Neuroblastoma/*drug therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 73
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    Ionizing radiation decreases veratridine-stimulated uptake of sodium in rat brain synaptosomes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: Veratridine-stimulated uptake of sodium-22 in brain synaptosomes was significantly reduced by ionizing radiation over a dose range of 10 to 1000 rads. The response was dose-dependent and involved a decrease in the maximum effect of veratridine on uptake. The central nervous system may be more sensitive to ionizing radiation than generally thought, perhaps through a loss of the ability of the sodium channel to respond properly to stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wixon, H N -- Hunt, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1073-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Ion Channels/drug effects/radiation effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Synaptosomes/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Veratridine/*pharmacology ; Veratrine/*analogs & derivatives
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 74
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    Exposure to ethylene oxide at work increases sister chromatid exchanges in human peripheral lymphocytes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-11
    Description: Sister chromatid exchange rates increased significantly in the peripheral lymphocytes of a small group of hospital workers exposed to ethylene oxide for as little as 3.6 minutes per day regularly over a period of months. Results based on breathing zone exposure and task frequency estimates over a 6-month period for 14 workers suggest that sister chromatid exchanges are a sensitive indicator of exposure and that cumulative dose and dose rate are important predictors of sister chromatid exchange response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yager, J W -- Hines, C J -- Spear, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 11;219(4589):1221-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crossing Over, Genetic/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Ethylene Oxide/*toxicity ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/*drug effects ; Occupational Diseases/*chemically induced ; Sister Chromatid Exchange/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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