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  • 1
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    Application of a snowmelt-runoff model using LANDSAT data (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-26
    Beschreibung: The snowmelt-runoff model developed for two small central European watersheds simulate daily streamflow on the 228 sq km Dinwoody Creek basin in Wyoming, using snowcover extent for LANDSAT and conventionally measured temperature and precipitation. For the six-month snowmelt seasons of 1976 and 1974, the simulated seasonal runoff volumes were within 5 and 1%, respectively, of the measured runoff. Also the daily fluctuations of discharge were simulated to a high degree by the model. Thus far the limiting basin size for applying the model has not been reached, and improvements can be expected if the hydrometeorological data can be obtained from a station inside the basin. LANDSAT provides an efficient way to obtain the critical snowcover input parameter required by the model.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Goddard Lab. for Atmospheric Sci., Collected Reprints 1978 - 1979, Vol. 2; p 745-760
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  • 2
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    The utilization of spaceborne microwave radiometers for monitoring snowpack properties (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-26
    Beschreibung: Snow accumulation and depletion at specific locations can be monitored from space by observing related variations in microwave brightness temperatures. Using vertically and horizontally polarized brightness temperatures from the Nimbus 6 electrically scanning microwave radiometer, a discriminant function can be used to separate snow from no snow areas and map snowcovered area on a continental basis. For dry snow conditions on the Canadian high plains, significant relationships between snow depth or water equivalent and microwave brightness temperature were developed which could permit remote determination of these snow properties after acquisition of a wider range of data. The presence of melt water in the snowpack causes a marked increase in brightness temperature which can be used to predict snowpack priming and timing of runoff. As the resolutions of satellite microwave sensors improve the application of these results to snow hydrology problems should increase.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Goddard Lab. for Atmospheric Sci., Collected Reprints 1978 - 1979, Vol. 2; p 745-760
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  • 3
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    Seasonal and daily snowmelt runoff estimates utilizing satellite data (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-26
    Beschreibung: Methods using snowcovered area to update seasonal forecasts as snowmelt progresses are also being used in quasi-operational situations. The input of snowcovered area to snowmelt models for short term perdictions was attempted in two ways; namely, the modification of existing hydrologic models and/or the use of models that were specifically designed to use snowcovered area. A daily snowmelt runoff model was used with LANDSAT data to simulate discharge on remote basins in the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming. Daily predicted and actual flows compare closely, and, summarized over the entire snowmelt season (April 1 - September 30), the average difference is only three percent. The model and snowcovered area data are currently being tested on additional watersheds to determine the method's transferability.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Goddard Lab. for Atmospheric Sci. Collected Reprints 1978 - 1979, Vol. 2; p 742
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  • 4
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    The program of the Techniques Development Laboratory in aviation weather forecasting (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Some operational and experimental products developed for aviation weather forecasting are briefly described. Experimental products include surface dew point, obstructions to vision, boundary layer model, computer-worded terminal forecasts, terminal alerting procedure, generalized equivalent Markov, and radar forecasts (0-2 hours).
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 209-212
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  • 5
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    Doctor Fujita's microburst analysis at Chicago (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Doppler radar measurements of an intense wind shear occurance are discussed. The data suggest the presence of an incredibly strong low level jet outflow component of the microburst event, reaching 60 knots only 50 meters above the surface. Evidence also suggests that microbursts more typically occur in very weak thunderstorms that have hardly reached thunderstorm stage.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 201-202
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  • 6
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    The microburst: Common factor in recent aircraft accidents (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The phenomenology of one class of strong thunderstorm downdrafts, microbursts, is described. Several aircraft accidents are analyzed in which a microburst was involved and a concept for an early warning wind shear sensor is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 186-200
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  • 7
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    Clear air turbulence forecasting techniques (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A method to improve clear air turbulence (CAT) forecasting by more effectively using the currently operational rawinsonde (RW) system is discussed. The method is called the Diagnostic Richardson Number Tendency (DRT) technique. The technique does not attempt to use the RW as a direct detector of the turbulent motion or even of the CAT mechanism structure but rather senses the synoptic scale centers of action which provide the energy to the CAT mechanism at the mesoscale level. The DRT algorithm is deterministic rather than statistical in nature, using the hydrodynamic equations (equations of motion) relevant to the synoptic scale. However, interpretation, by necessity, is probabilistic. What is most important with respect to its operational implementation is that this method uses the same input data as currently used by the operational National Meteorological Center prognostic models.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 203-208
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  • 8
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    The 1979 clear air turbulence flight test program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A clear air turbulence (CAT) flight test to evaluate and test four different sensors in the detection and measuring of CAT and other meteorological targets that relate to turbulence is discussed. The primary types of CAT investigated were mountain wave CAT, jetstream CAT, CAT in cirrus clouds, and CAT in frontal wind shears, troughs, and ridges. The sensors included the CO2 pulsed Doppler lidar and three radiometers. One of the radiometers, at a frequency of 55.5 GHz, looked at atmospheric temperature structure. Another, at a frequency of 180.1 GHz, looked at atmospheric water vapor and investigated the feasibility of measuring at the microwave frequency the turbulence features seen in the infrared (IR) frequencies. An IR radiometer at 27 to 33 microns was the fourth sensor. This last device and the temperature structure radiometer worked well at all flight levels.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 171-179
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  • 9
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    Very short range forecasts of visibility and ceiling (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The development of methods for the short range forecasting of visibility and ceiling conditions is discussed. Short range forecasts of one hour or less (5 or 30 minutes), immediately after a series of local observations can be expected to be more accurate and reliable than any forecast of more than one hour. These forecasts can be accomplished by the operational implementation of fully automated aviation observation systems and the utilization of statistical techniques such as the Generalized Equivalent Markov model.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 180-185
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  • 10
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    Measuring weather for aviation safety in the 1980's (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Requirements for an improved aviation weather system are defined and specifically include the need for (1) weather observations at all airports with instrument approaches, (2) more accurate and timely radar detection of weather elements hazardous to aviation, and (3) better methods of timely distribution of both pilot reports and ground weather data. The development of the discrete address beacon system data link, Doppler weather radar network, and various information processing techniques are described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 162-167
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  • 11
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    Observing lightning from ground-based and airborne stations (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The operational designs and performance capabilities of ground-based and airborne lightning detection systems are reviewed. The airborne Stormscope system is described and compared with onboard radar and the lightning detection and ranging system (LDAR). Two examples of difference-in-time-of-arrival systems for detecting spherics from discharges in electrified clouds are described: (1) The LDAR system and (2) Taylor's lightning mapping system. Next, an interferometric system adapted to lightning location is discussed. Finally, systems that are based upon crossed-loop magnetic direction finding principles but which have been refined and improved to accurately locate lightning discharges to ground are reviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 130-139
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  • 12
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    Aeronautical concerns and National Aeronautics and Space Administration atmospheric electricity projects (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The phenomenology of lightning and lightning measurement techniques are briefly examined with a particular reference to aeronautics. Developments made in airborne and satellite detection methods are reported. NASA research efforts are outlined which cover topics including in-situ measurements, design factors and protection, remote optical and radio frequency measurements, and space vehicle design.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 140-160
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  • 13
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    Remote probing of wind and wind shears (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The ability of various types of remote probes to measure wind is discussed. Two important advantages over in-situ sensors are reported: (1) their ability to measure atmospheric parameters without disturbing the air flow; (2) their ability to scan through large volumes of the atmosphere with relative ease. Direct measurement sensors such as anemometers and wind vanes are categorized into two groups; active and passive. Acoustic radar, microwave radar, and lidar are included in the first group and the latter group is typified by the infrared radiometers.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 109-124
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  • 14
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    Winds and wind shear in-situ sensors (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The problem of development of instrumentation for providing wind speed and direction information directly or indirectly to a pilot in the cockpit is considered. The pilots need for horizontal wind information at various stages of flight (i.e., at liftoff, in approach and departure corridors, and even in flight outside the terminal area) are emphasized.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 82-108
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  • 15
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    Clear air turbulence: Historical comments (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The basic reference material for gust design criteria are cited. The status of clear air turbulence meteorology (forecasting and detection) is discussed. The directions of further research technology is indicated.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meterol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 71-81
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  • 16
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    Aircraft icing instrumentation: Unfilled needs (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A list of icing instrumentation requirements are presented. Because of the Army's helicopter orientation, many of the suggestions are specific to rotary wing aircraft; however, some of the instrumentation are also suitable for general aviation aircraft.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 61-65
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  • 17
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    Icing instrumentation (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The types and usage categories of icing instrumentation are discussed. The state-of-the-art for the technology governing the use of icing instrumentation is reported with particular emphasis on ground based facilities for icing tests.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 49-60
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  • 18
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    Turbulence: From a pilot's viewpoint (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The measurement of atmospheric turbulence is discussed in terms of a pilots viewpoint. Two areas of measurement are considered: frequency and severity of turbulence. Suggestions are given for helping the pilot solve the turbulence problem.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 66-70
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  • 19
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    Federal Aviation Administration and National Weather Service Aviation Research and Development (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: An overview is given of the developmental status of aviation weather services. Particular attention is given to justifying the need for better, more reliable service. The accomplishments of several automatic weather stations are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 45-48
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  • 20
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    Aviation meteorology research and development: A status report (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The dynamic and rapid growth of technology in the area of aviation meteorology research and development are described with emphasis on the measurement of hazardous weather phenomena. Aspects of both onboard instrumentation and ground based facilities are evaluated in terms of their effectiveness of in avoiding hazards due to atmospheric electricity and lightning. Methods of alleviating terminal are hazards such as fog, low visibility and ceilings are also described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 40-44
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  • 21
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    Survey of Workshops on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Various aspects of aviation meteorology are discussed with respect to their relative effects on aircraft terminal operations. Existing data on turbulence and wind shear from aircraft and towers are summarized. The significance of obtaining more real time wind and temperature information is emphasized. The application and testing of various radiometer devices are also described. Airborne methods to indicate wind differences at flight altitude and at touchdown are reported.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 23-39
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  • 22
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    First Scientific Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Measurement Program, appendix J (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Three projects are suggested which could be done using the Doppler lidar. The first is a cooperative effort at BAO, the purpose of which is to check out instrumentation and contribute to boundary layer investigations at BAO. The second concerns unintended weather modification. Its purpose is to detect mechanisms by which regions of industry and urbanization modify weather. The cirrus cloud study proposes to characterize cirrus clouds by their lidar signal and to compare lidar and visually observed characteristics.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 5 p
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  • 23
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    Report of secondary flows, boundary layers, turbulence and wave team, report 1 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: General criteria for a flight test option are that: (1) there be a good opportunity for comparison with other measurement techniques; (2) the flow to be measured is of considerable scientific or practical interest; and (3) the airborne laser Doppler system is well suited to measure the required quantities. The requirement for comparison, i.e., ground truth, is particularly important because this is the first year of operation for the system. It is necessary to demonstrate that the system does actually measure the winds and compare the results with other methods to provide a check on the system error analysis. The uniqueness of the laser Doppler system precludes any direct comparison, but point measurements from tower mounted wind sensors and two dimensional fields obtained from radars with substantially different sampling volumes are quite useful.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 8 p
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  • 24
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    Cooperative convective precipitation experiment (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The experiment strives to improve understanding of the physics of convective precipitation. Major emphasis is placed on obtaining a good description of the whole convective precipitation system. A framework is presented within which single, significant, tractable problems are investigated.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 25 p
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  • 25
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    Severe storms measurement system real time data processing and displays (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The objectives of the system are to provide the system operator with real time system performance check and to provide data recording of all SSMS data. Meteorologists are provided with real time indication of meteorological data measurements including aid for directing flight profiles in real time and aid for directing SSMS operations. A day-to-day feedback is provided to meteorologists, system operators, and flight crews for flight planning on subsequent flight tests days.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 15 p
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  • 26
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    First Scientific Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Measurement Program, appendix C (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The problem is to operate on two scalar fields to produce a vector field, to produce user products from the vector field, and to establish reliability of results. Data problems encountered include sparse measurements, irregular distribution, varying quality, imperfect orthogonality, aliasing due to sampling volume, and measurements not simultaneous. Desired algorithm characteristics, solution elements, and characteristics of the model are listed. The seven simulation elements, eight algorithm steps and the required user inputs are given.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 8 p
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  • 27
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    Report of convective phenomena team (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A group meeting was assembled to focus on the planning of specific experiments, to establish some priorities, identify interested scientists who would like to participate, establish any special requirements, make recommendations on data processing, and to prepare flight plan outlines. Since the number of convective storms in the CCOPE (Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment) field experiment area are limited to only a few days during the operational time period the flight plans must be designed with a hierarchy of abort experiments so that the easily identified and lowest probability events should take priority until their quota is filled.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 10 p
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  • 28
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    The MSFC Doppler lidar system, appendix B (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The development of pulsed and continuous wave Doppler lidars for atmospheric measurement is discussed. A description of how the lidar systems operate is presented. The scanning mode is also described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 40-42
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  • 29
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    Possible applications of MSFC Doppler lidar system, appendix C (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: An interpretation of the Doppler lidar return is presented. Possible applications of the system to severe storm research are discussed. The present project schedule of the Doppler lidar system is outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 43-46
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  • 30
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    Wind field measurement in the nonprecipitous regions surrounding storms by an airborne pulsed Doppler lidar system, appendix A (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Coherent Doppler lidar appears to hold great promise in contributing to the basic store of knowledge concerning flow field characteristics in the nonprecipitous regions surrounding severe storms. The Doppler lidar, through its ability to measure clear air returns, augments the conventional Doppler radar system, which is most useful in the precipitous regions of the storm. A brief description of the Doppler lidar severe storm measurement system is provided along with the technique to be used in performing the flow field measurements. The application of the lidar is addressed, and the planned measurement program is outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 31-39
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    Application of the Doppler lidar system to agricultural burning and air-sea interactions (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The Doppler lidar system is potentially a very powerful measurement system. Three areas concerning the system are discussed: (1) error analysis of the system to verify the results; (2) application of the system to agricultural burning in California central valley; and (3) oceanographic possibilities of the system.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 25
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  • 32
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    Measurement of phenomena associated with water clouds using Doppler lidar (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Doppler lidar measurements of phenomena associated with water clouds (such as aerosols) are discussed. The purpose of the measurements and details of executing the experiment are described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 20-24
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  • 33
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    Potential uses of the airborne Doppler lidar wind velocity measurement system (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Four aspects of the Doppler lidar are discussed: (1) error analysis of the system; (2) design of the first field program; (3) potential areas of application; and (4) verification of Doppler lidar data by independent measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 16-17
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  • 34
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    Potential scientific research which will benefit from an airborne Doppler lidar measurement system (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Areas of research which can be significantly aided by the Doppler lidar airborne system are described. The need for systematic development of the airborne Doppler lidar is discussed. The technology development associated with the systematic development of the system will have direct application to satellite systems for which the lidar also promises to be an effective instrument for atmospheric research.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 13-15
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  • 35
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    Potential applications of the Doppler lidar measurements (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The potential application of the Doppler lidar measurements to the determination of material (e.g., water vapor) and energy budgets, momentum transports, etc., in the environment at all stages and in the development of convective clouds are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 18-19
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  • 36
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    Airborne Doppler lidar wind measuring system: Application to atmospheric problems (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The ability to map velocities over a large area on one side of the aircraft flight path offers a number of opportunities to elucidate scientific questions related to atmospheric dynamics. Several types of experiments which are possible are described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 11-12
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  • 37
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    Statistical Analysis of daily mean temperatures (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Data of daily mean temperatures recorded at the Kennedy Center during the period of 1957-1977 were analyzed to forecast daily mean temperatures and their thirty-day moving averages for a period of ten to fifteen days in a given month. Since it is found that the standard deviation is linear in the mean, a logarithmic transformation of the data is used for finding an integrated moving average process IMA by the Box-Jenkins aproach. The first differences of the transformed data seem to fit a moving average model with parameter value 2, MA(2). The consideration of seasonality factor makes the fit worse.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: The 1981 NASA(ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program; 13 p
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  • 38
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    Theoretical studies: Radiation, clouds, transport (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 161-162
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  • 39
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    Experimental relations between airborne and ground measured wheat canopy temperatures (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Experiments using ground-based measurements of canopy temperatures have shown that plant temperatures are good indicators of plant water stress, and thus are useful for assessing water requirements and predicting yields. An intensive 23-day airborne- and ground-measurement program was conducted in Phoenix, Arizona in 1977 to compare airborne-acquired wheat canopy temperatures with simultaneous ground measurements. For canopies that covered at least 85 percent of the soil surface, airborne measurements differed from ground measurements of plant temperature by less than 2 C. Regardless of the amount of plant cover, the airborne measurements were virtually identical to ground-nadir measurements, and thus represent a combination of plant temperature and solid background temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 46; Feb. 198
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  • 40
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    Formation of the terrestrial planets (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Two growth mechanisms are identified for the development of the terrestrial planets: (1) gravitational instability leading to a collapse, and (2) gravitational accumulation caused by two-body collisions and coherence. The presence of a dynamically-significant gas phase would not affect either mechanism. Theoretical expressions are presented for the production of giant gaseous protoplanets by gravitational instability within a central dust layer. Gravitational accumulation is discussed with reference to the accumulation of planetesimals from a gas-free circumsolar swarm of bodies. Numerical simulations are given for the early stages of accumulation. The Safronov steady-state velocity is considered, noting that the competition between mutual collisional damping and gravitational acceleration by the members of a solar swarm yields a steady-state velocity distribution where the mean velocity is comparable to the escape velocity of the largest body. A time scale for accumulation is postulated on the basis of the radial distribution of a swarm of non-accreting bodies of equal size. The simultaneous gas-free accumulation of several terrestrial planets is noted. Attention is also given to growth mechanisms in gas-rich interplanetary media.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
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  • 41
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    Is the remnant of SN 1006 Crablike (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The solid-state spectrometer on the Einstein Observatory and the GSFC cosmic X-ray spectrometer on OSO 8 have observed the X-ray spectrum of SN 1006. The data can be well represented by a power-law model with alpha = 1.2, similar to the spectrum of the Crab Nebula. This is in contrast to the radio and X-ray maps of SN 1006 which show a shell structure more typical of SNR with thermal X-ray emission. The X-ray spectrum is suggestive of nonthermal synchrotron emission, raising the possibility that the remnant of SN 1006 contains a source of relativistic electrons.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 240
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  • 42
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    Climate sensitivity from fluctuation dissipation - Some simple model tests (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Leith has suggested that climatic response to change in external forcing parameters of the climate system may be estimated via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT). The method, which uses the natural fluctuations of the atmosphere to probe its dynamics, is tested here using a twenty-variable truncation model of the barotropic vorticity equation. Dissipative terms are added to the equations, so that the model is pushed away from the region where it is expected to satisfy the FDT. It is found that, even though the FDT is no longer satisfied in every detail, the FDT continues to provide an excellent estimate of the climatic sensitivity of the model.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 37; Aug. 198
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  • 43
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    Appendix D: Assessement of potential industrial sites in Essex County, New York (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Potential industrial sites were assessed using high and medium altitude aircraft photographs and supporting information on the 4,730 sq. km. (1,825 sq. mile) county. Factors evaluated include land availability, slope, site accessibility, soil drainage, other subsurface characteristics, and the expected physical as well as visual impacts on existing land use. Areas unavailable or unsuitable for development were eliminated first, and the remaining areas evaluated and the best sites identified.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Cornell Univ. Remote Sensing Program; 138 p
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    Appendix B: Inventory of coniferous forests near Bath, New York (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A zoom stereoscope was used to interpret aerial color photographs of the Finger Lakes region near Bath, New York, and areas of conifers were delineated on acetate sheets. Scale was determined for each photograph and units were converted to acres. Photographically enlarged positive transparencies of imagery from LANDSAT bands 5,6, and 7 for the southern portion of the study area were placed in a cold additive viewer and registered with each other to provide a composite image. A green filter was used on band 5, blue on band 6, and red on band 7. Conifers appeared at dark, reddish purple. Average was determined using a grid. Results show that the total confer stands within 50 miles of Bath is approximately 176,000 acres of which 60,000 acres are in Pennsylvania. The study was conducted to determine the feasibility of locating a particleboard manufacturing firm in the Southern Tier.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Cornell Univ. Remote Sensing Program; 3 p
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  • 45
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    Appendix C: A comparative study of small scale remotely sensed data for monitoring clearcutting in hardwood forests (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Manual photointerpretation techniques were used to analyze images acquired by high altitude aircraft, the Skylab multispectral and Earth terrain camera (ETC), the LANDSAT multispectral scanner, and the LANDSAT-3 return beam vidicon camera. A color-additive viewer, and digital image analysis were also used on the LANDSAT MSS imagery. The value of each type of remotely sensed data was judged by the ease and accuracy of clearcut identification, and by the amount of detail discernible, especially regarding revegetation. Results of a site study in the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania indicate that high altitude aerial photography, especially color infrared photography acquired during the growing season, is well suited for identifying clearcuts and assessing revegetation. Although photographs acquired with Skylab's ETC also yielded good results, only incomplete inventories of clearcuts could be made using LANDSAT imagery. Results for the Adirondack region of New York State were similar for the aircraft and satellite photography, but even less satisfactory for the LANDSAT imagery.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Cornell Univ. Remote Sensing Program; 157 p
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  • 46
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    Improvements to satellite retrieval systems. The operational perspective (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Operational weather satellites are built as a series of nearly identical instruments which are flown for 5 to 7 years. Minor improvements are made during the life of the series. However, major improvements and changes in design are made with the initiation of a new series of instruments. Similarly, procedures used to process the data are characterized by frequent changes early in the life of a satellite series as user experience is gained with the new instrument. Later the changes become less frequent, both because the processing system becomes well tuned to that particular set of instruments and because, at the end of a series, resources are devoted to generating the processing system for the next set of instruments. Past and present systems are considered with emphasis on the vertical temperature profile radiometer and a procedure for deriving clear radiances in partly cloudy areas.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center VAS Demonstration Sounding Workshop; p 11-18
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  • 47
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    Radio observation of comet Meier /1978f/ in 18-cm OH lines (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Observations of 18-cm OH spectral lines in comet Meier (1978f) with the 1000-ft. Arecibo telescope show spatial resolution of the OH coma by the 2.9 arcmin beam (=3.7 x 10 to the 5th km). The data agree with predictions of the solar Fraunhofer spectrum-pumping theory of comet OH excitation. On the assumption that the OH parent molecule (e.g., H2O) has a Haser-model scale length of about 1.0 x 10 to the 5th km at heliocentric distance 1 AU, an OH scale length of less than 10 to the 6th km, and probably near 1.0 x 10 to the 5th km is derived. Assuming a recently calculated value of the OH lifetime and the solar radiative pumping model, the results indicate an OH production rate of 10 to the 29th Kayser at heliocentric distance 2 AU.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 85; 1-2,; Sept
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  • 48
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    Unsupervised classification of MSS Landsat data for mapping spatially complex vegetation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The various stages in carrying out a monocluster block unsupervised classification using Landsat MSS data are described. Procedures for carrying out these various stages were found to be far from well-established for the type of terrain being investigated, which is rugged and contains many small land cover units. Two particular difficulties were encountered: first, that of precise ground location of pixels; and, secondly, that of objectively evaluating the results. Ways in which these can be surmounted are suggested.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 49
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    Near infrared photographic sky survey - A field index (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The book presents an index of previously cataloged objects located in the fields of the northern sky included in the Steward Observatory Near Infrared Photographic Sky Survey, which was intended to be used for identification purposes in an effort to locate extremely red objects. The objects included in the index were taken from 16 catalogs of bright nebulae, dark nebulae, infrared objects, reflection nebulae, supernova remnants and other objects, and appear with their corresponding field numbers, computed field center coordinates, object name and 1950 epoch equatorial coordinates, as well as supplementary descriptive information as available. An appendix is also provided in which the center coordinates of each field are listed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
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  • 50
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    SS 433 - Intensive 4 month light curves (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Photometry covering 100 nights during 1979 July-November is reported, in an unfiltered band (effectively 5200-8000 A), in a V band, and with a few measures in B. Correlation with the 13 day period of Crampton, Cowley, and Hutchings is found in the form of a double-peaked light curve. A more tentative connection with the 164 day 'precession' period suggested by a broad light minimum near a critical phase in the long cycle is found.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 238
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  • 51
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    Near infrared photography with a vacuum-cold camera (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Sensitized cooled plates have been obtained of the Orion nebula region and of Sh2-149 in the wavelength ranges 8000 A-9000 A and 9,000 A-11,000 A with a recently designed and constructed vacuum-cold camera. Sensitization procedures are described and the camera design is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 92
    Format: text
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  • 52
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    Accuracies of three computationally efficient algorithms for computing atmospheric transmittances (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Three algorithms for calculating polychromatic atmospheric transmittance functions have been tested using a set of eleven distinct temperature profiles in order to compare transmittance accuracies achievable by the three methods. The comparison of rms errors demonstrates that the iterative method of McMillin and Fleming (1976) is the most accurate of the efficient algorithms currently available for gases with constant mixing ratios; its accuracy approaches that of the spectroscopic parameters and the computational approximations used in the ground-truth line-by-line calculations. The method of Arking et al. (1974), while less accurate, has the advantage of being perfectly general and easily adapted to cases where spectral bandwidths are varied
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 19; July 15
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  • 53
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    Stability of planetary orbits in binary systems (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The possible existence of stable orbits is investigated in binary systems using Hill's method. Analytical stability conditions are established for satellites, for inner planets and for outer planets, allowing arbitrary values for the mass-ratio of the binary.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
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  • 54
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    Microbial mobilization of calcium and magnesium in waterlogged soils (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Journal of Environmental Quality; 9; Jan
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  • 55
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    On the capture of the Moon (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: This paper studies the possibility of lunar capture depending on variations of the solar mass under certain well specified conditions and assumptions regarding the behaviour of the three-body dynamical system formed by the Sun, Earth and Moon. It is found that a large amount of decrease in the solar mass (approximately 37%) would be required to allow capture if the model of the planar restricted problem of three bodies is assumed, if the masses of the Earth and Moon did not change and if the angular momentum of the Sun-Earth system did not change. Such large mass-changes of the Sun can not be associated with radiation mass losses only with catastrophic events, such as stellar close approaches.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Celestial Mechanics; 21; Apr. 198
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  • 56
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    The time-of-flight system on the Goddard medium energy gamma-ray telescope (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A scintillation counter time-of-flight system has been incorporated into the Goddard 50 cm by 50 cm spark chamber gamma-ray telescope. This system, utilizing constant fraction timing and particle position compensation, digitizes up to 10 ns time differences to six bit accuracy in less than 500 ns. Event selection decisions, discriminating against upward-moving particles, are made prior to spark chamber triggering. The performance of this system during a November 1978 balloon flight is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
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    LACIE - An application of meteorology for United States and foreign wheat assessment (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: This paper describes the overall Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment technical approach utilizing the global weather-reporting network and the Landsat satellite to make a quasi-operational application of existing research results, and the accomplishments of this cooperative experiment in utilizing the weather information. Global weather data were utilized in preparing timely yield estimates for selected areas of the U.S. Great Plains, the U.S.S.R. and Canada. Additionally, wheat yield models were developed and pilot tested for Brazil, Australia, India and Argentina. The results of the work show that heading dates for wheat in North America can be predicted with an average absolute error of about 5 days for winter wheat and 4 days for spring wheat. Independent tests of wheat yield models over a 10-year period for the U.S. Great Plains produced a root-mean-square error of 1.12 quintals per hectare (q/ha) while similar tests in the U.S.S.R. produced an error of 1.31 q/ha. Research designed to improve the initial capability is described as is the rationale for further evolution of a capability to monitor global climate and assess its impact on world food supplies.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 19; Jan. 198
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  • 58
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    Landsat digital analysis of the initial recovery of burned tundra at Kokolik River, Alaska (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: (Previously announced in STAR as N80-19588)
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment; 10; Dec. 198
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  • 59
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    Effects of vegetation canopy structure on remotely sensed canopy temperatures (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: (Previously announced in STAR as N79-33530)
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment; 10; Nov. 198
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    Field size, length, and width distributions based on LACIE ground truth data (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The development of agricultural remote sensing systems requires knowledge of agricultural field size distributions so that the sensors, sampling frames, image interpretation schemes, registration systems, and classification systems can be properly designed. Malila et al. (1976) studied the field size distribution for wheat and all other crops in two Kansas LACIE (Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment) intensive test sites using ground observations of the crops and measurements of their field areas based on current year rectified aerial photomaps. The field area and size distributions reported in the present investigation are derived from a representative subset of a stratified random sample of LACIE sample segments. In contrast to previous work, the obtained results indicate that most field-size distributions are not log-normally distributed. The most common field size observed in this study was 10 acres for most crops studied.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment; 10; Nov. 198
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    Optimum spectral bands for rock discrimination (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Using stepwise discriminant analysis on spectral reflectance and spectral emissivity data collected by a Multispectral Scanner and Data System, mounted in an NC-130B aircraft and flown at an altitude of approximately 3 km, spectral bands were ranked as to their usefulness in separating specific rock types and rock alteration products in seven geologically diverse Utah sites. The optimum band for rock discrimination included the 1.18 to 1.30 micron interval, and the optimum combination of bands comprised the 1.18 to 1.30, 4.50 to 4.75, 0.46 to 0.50, 1.52 to 1.73, and 2.10 to 2.36 micron intervals. It is concluded that the spectral interval combination was more successful in differentiating geologic materials than either simulated Multispectral Scanner bands or simulated Thematic Mapper bands.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 46; Sept
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    The applicability of the piecewise linear current profile in the baroclinic instability problem (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The applicability of the piecewise linear function in place of a similar smoothly-varying current profile is examined in the baroclinic context. Within the framework of small-perturbation linearization, the behavior of the vertical velocity and the horizontal divergence is analyzed at the discontinuity of the current shear. In the conventional geostrophic-type instability regime, the discontinuity in the horizontal divergence at the shear discontinuity is suppressed, and, therefore, the piecewise linear profile leads to a useful approximation to the true solution. In the symmetric-type instability regime, however, due to the magnified discontinuity in the horizontal divergence at the shear discontinuity, the solution thus obtained will show a major distortion, rendering the piecewise linear profile inadequate for modeling the smoothly-varying current profile. Using exemplary current profiles, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the behavior of the horizontal divergence near the discontinuity of current shear.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Meteorological Society of Japan; vol. 58
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  • 63
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    Ultraviolet, X-ray, and infrared observations of HDE 226868 equals Cygnus X-1 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: During April, May, and July of 1978, HDE 226868, the optical counterpart of Cygnus X-1, was repeatedly observed in the ultraviolet with the IUE satellite. Some X-ray and infrared observations have been made during the same period. The general shape of the spectrum is that expected from a late O supergiant. Strong absorption features are apparent in the ultraviolet, some of which have been identified. The equivalent widths of the most prominent lines appear to be modulated with the orbital phase. This modulation is discussed in terms of the ionization contours calculated by Hatchett and McCray, for a binary X-ray source in the stellar wind of the companion.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 242
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  • 64
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    The necessity of new dynamical theories of the planets (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
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  • 65
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    The luminosity functions of the 1969 Perseid and Orionid meteor showers (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Observations of the 1969 Perseid and Orionid meteor showers are presented and used to derive luminosity functions for the 288 Perseids and 56 Orionids detected. Visual counts were performed under very good to excellent seeing conditions at the times of peak activities, and the brightnesses of the meteors were estimated to the nearest magnitude by comparison with the magnitudes of known objects. Maximum likelihood estimates of the power law index of the luminosity function of 1.56 + or - 0.06 for the Perseids and of 1.85 + or - 0.1 for the Orionids are obtained which are lower than the values found by other investigators. Under the assumption that the luminosity of visual meteors is proportional to their mass, the luminosity function power law may also be used to characterize the mass function.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Icarus; 43; Sept
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  • 66
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    On the detection of other planetary systems - Detection of intrinsic thermal radiation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: There is currently no unambiguous observational evidence for the existence of other planetary systems. One possible way to detect and study such systems is infrared observations of continuum blackbody radiation from planets revolving around other stars. It is shown that the effective temperature of large planets revolving around mid- to late-spectral-type main-sequences stars is set by energy sources internal to the planet rather than by equilibrium with the radiation field of the central star, making them easier to detect than had been previously thought. Consideration is given to the two major observational constraints on detecting planetary companions to nearby stars, namely, angular resolution and sensitivity. A comparison is made between the performance of an ambient (T 200 K), single-aperture telescope and a cooled interferometer. In each case the required aperture (baseline) is large (in the 10-m class), but consistent with Shuttle launch capability.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Icarus; 43; Sept
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  • 67
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    Results from the 10 March 1977 occultation by the Uranus system (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Timings of occultation events observed at Perth, Australia during the appulse of Uranus to SAO 158687 are presented. In addition to pre- and post-appulse observations of the alpha ring, a search of the data confirms events by the '4', '5', and '6' rings on the pre-appulse side of Venus, and the '5' and beta rings on the post-appulse side. A table of other suspected events obtained from a statistical search of the data down to the same level of significance as the '4', '5', and '6' events is presented. A fairly strong 'event', so far unconfirmed, is noted near the 5:1 Miranda resonance orbit. Examination of the light curves at high time resolution indicates that the alpha ring was, during this aspect, about 10 km in radial extent and about 50% transparent.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astronomical Journal; 85; Dec. 198
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  • 68
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    The hard X-ray pulse profile of GX 1+4 (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Results are reported from 1976 and 1977 observations of the galactic center X-ray source GX 1+4. On these two occasions, epoch folding at twice the previously reported period of about two minutes has resulted in an asymmetry between the shapes of the two resultant peaks in the light curve, indicating that the true period may be about four minutes. Mean intensity is shown to vary from pulse to pulse.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 240
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  • 69
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    The Space Telescope Observatory (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Space Telescope is an international astronomical observatory which will be placed into a low earth orbit in December 1983. The observatory will provide astronomers the opportunity to use five different instruments (wide field/planetary camera, faint object camera, high-resolution spectrograph, faint-object spectrograph, and high speed photometer), and to do astrometry with the use of the fine guidance sensors used primarily for pointing control. These instruments, the spectral range available above the earth's atmosphere, and the spatial resolution available from the combination of a near-diffraction limited 94-in. primary mirror and the stability provided by the Pointing Control System provide a tremendous potential to the astronomical community.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Journal of the Astronautical Sciences; 28; Apr
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  • 70
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    Structural variability of the Sun (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Changes in solar radius and luminosity are discussed as a function of age. Surface and satellite observations showing departures from mean solar irradiance on a time scale of a few days are summarized. The most prominent depressions in these data appear to be correlated with sunspot number, indicating that the activity modulation of solar luminosity may be larger than expected. High activity is correlated with low luminosity, but during the Maunder minimum the mini ice age (presumably low luminosity) was accompanied by a near absence of solar activity. Pulsations driven by sources deep within the Sun are thought to be an unlikely cause of luminosity changes, but causes may be sought in the unstable convective zone. Experiments designed to measure the solar radius are mentioned, along with modelling efforts.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: CNES Sun and Climate; p 295-304
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  • 71
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    The GLAS physical inversion method for analysis of TIROS N data (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences approach to temperature sounding from satellite observations is fundamentally different from that of NESS in that heavy reliance is placed on the ability to model accurately the instrumental response to atmospheric and surface conditions, while no use is made of statistical relationships between satellite observations and atmospheric temperature profiles. The method involves starting with a guess set of atmospheric and surface conditions from which expected brightness temperatures for the satellite observations are computed. Then, iterative relaxation of atmospheric and surface conditions is performed according to the difference between observed and computed brightness temperatures until sufficient agreement is reached. In the absence of sufficient agreement, no retrieval is produced for that location.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: VAS Demonstration Sounding Workshop; p 41-55
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  • 72
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    Operational sounding algorithms (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The analytical equations used to interpret TIROS-N sounding radiances for operational applications are presented. Both the National Environmental Satellite System (NESS) Global Operational Synoptic Scale and the NESS/University of Wisconsin (UW) North American Mesoscale Sounding Production Systems are considered.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center VAS Demonstration Sounding Workshop; p 1-10
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  • 73
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    Spectral reflectance and discrimination of plutonic rocks in the 0.45- to 2.45-micron region (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Visible and near-infrared field spectral reflectance measurements of plutonic rocks were acquired in the 0.45- to 2.45-micron region with a portable field reflectance spectrometer. These spectra were used to determine spectral signatures for the various rock types and to evaluate the separability of these rocks based on their spectral characteristics. A total of 135 samples were divided into 11 groups based on their mineralogy. These 11 groups approximately correspond to traditional rock classifications and include five granitic groups, three gabbroic groups, and three ultramafic groups. The positions, intensity, and presence of iron, CO3(-2), and Al-OH and Mg-OH absorption bands varied among the 11 groups. Each rock group also had a range of albedos characteristic of the group. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis was performed on the spectral data to determine the separability of the 11 groups. Classification accuracy for 30 equally spaced wavelength bands between 0.45 and 2.45 microns was 78% with 10% serious misclassifications. The same analysis was repeated, limiting the spectral data to the wavelength regions corresponding to the proposed Landsat D thematic mapper scanner.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; May 10
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  • 74
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    Galileo's observations of Neptune (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Galileo's recorded observations of Neptune are examined, including an assessment of the accuracies of the positions of Neptune and those of the Jovian satellites. It is shown that one observation may be of astrometric value. The possible error in the ephemeris of Neptune is also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Nature; 287; Sept. 25
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  • 75
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    Short-interval SMS wind vector determinations for a severe local storms area (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Short-interval SMS-2 visible digital image data are used to derive wind vectors from cloud tracking on time-lapsed sequences of geosynchronous satellite images. The cloud tracking areas are located in the Central Plains, where on May 6, 1975 hail-producing thunderstorms occurred ahead of a well defined dry line. Cloud tracking is performed on the Goddard Space Flight Center Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System. Lower tropospheric cumulus tracers are selected with the assistance of a cloud-top height algorithm. Divergence is derived from the cloud motions using a modified Cressman (1959) objective analysis technique which is designed to organize irregularly spaced wind vectors into uniformly gridded wind fields. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using satellite-derived wind vectors and their associated divergence fields in describing the conditions preceding severe local storm development. For this case, an area of convergence appeared ahead of the dry line and coincided with the developing area of severe weather. The magnitude of the maximum convergence varied between -10 to the -5th and -10 to the -14th per sec. The number of satellite-derived wind vectors which were required to describe conditions of the low-level atmosphere was adequate before numerous cumulonimbus cells formed. This technique is limited in areas of advanced convection.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Monthly Weather Review; 108; Sept
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  • 76
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    A catalog of nonstellar water maser sources (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A list of 195 nonstellar galactic sources of water maser emission has been compiled. This list is not a comprehensive catalog of all the available information; it is intended to be used as an index. As such, it contains only coordinates, velocities, and selected references. The extragalatic sources are listed in a separate table.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astronomical Journal; 85; Sept
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  • 77
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    Water-ice and water-updraft relationships near -10 C within populations of Florida cumuli (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Evidence is presented for a sequential development of cloud water, rainwater, graupel, and crystalline ice with the aging of the cloud. This evidence is based on in-cloud microphysical data set collected in Florida convective towers that were penetrated close to their tops near -10 C; the very rapid onset of graupel that appears on repeat penetrations of some towers is of particular interest. A separate data set shows a large scatter in the relationship between the maximum value of cloud water and vertical velocity which indicates that measurements of cloud water can be misleading as an indication of growth activity. The sequential pass data showing the evolution of ice and water are consistent with a rime-splintering, secondary ice production hypothesis.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 19; May 1980
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  • 78
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    The observation, detection and research on satellites of asteroids (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Evidence is presented for the existence of asteroidal satellites. Instances wherein the occultation of a star occurred when a known asteroid was close to the line of sight of the star are discussed, and the implication that the eclipses were caused by satellites of the asteroids is considered. The role of amateur astronomers in these observations is reviewed, and possible applications of the technique of indirect occultation with regard to the solar system are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: L'Astronomie; 94; July-Aug
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  • 79
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    Effect of solar radiation on a swarm of meteoric particles (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The theory of the Poynting-Robertson effect is used to study the motion of meteors relative to a parent comet describing an undisturbed elliptical orbit. It is shown that any emitted particle proceeds to move retrogressively away from the comet to a certain maximum angular distance (as seen from the sun) depending on its sigma-s value, and then undergoes relative motion in the opposite forward direction. The time taken to reach this greatest elongation behind the comet is the same for all particles, and after twice this time the particles will have returned to zero angular displacement relative to the comet. For comet Encke the time for the elongation to return to zero is about 6600 y; for Halley it is about 200,000 y; for Temple-Tuttle (1965 IV) it is just over 100,000 y.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Moon and the Planets; 23; Aug. 198
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  • 80
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    Complexities of nadir-looking radiometric temperature measurements of plant canopies (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Effective radiant temperatures (ERTs) of five wheat canopies in different stages of development were measured during morning and noon periods. The observed variability in nadir sensor response was quantitatively described as a function of canopy structure and the vertical temperature profile of canopy components. In many cases, the nadir sensor ERT was a poor measure of vegetation temperature due to effects of soil emissions. Strong vertical temperature profiles of vegetation components were also observed. The theory and measurements presented document that remote measurements of vegetation canopy temperatures cannot be made indiscriminately over large spatial regions without consideration of the underlying physical principles.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 19; July 1
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  • 81
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    VLBI observations at 18 and 2.8 cm - 0133 + 47, 0735 + 178, OH 471, OQ 172, 1633 + 38, and NRAO 667 /2147 + 145/ (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astronomical Journal; 85; June 198
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  • 82
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    Relationship of crop radiance to alfalfa agronomic values (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Red and photographic infrared spectral data of alfalfa were collected at the time of the third and fourth cuttings using a hand-held radiometer for the earlier alfalfa cutting. Significant linear and non-linear correlation coefficients were found between the spectral variables and plant height, biomass, forage water content, and estimated canopy cover. For the alfalfa of the later cutting, which had experienced a period of severe drought stress which limited growth, the spectral variables were found to be highly correlated with the estimated drought scores.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: International Journal of Remote Sensing; 1; Jan
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  • 83
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    Microwave radar and radiometric remote sensing measurements of lake ice (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Simultaneous microwave radar and spectral radiometric data were collected over Lake Erie during March 1978. A theoretical development is presented which interprets the data collected at nadir in terms of changes in the ice thickness and the electromagnetic attenuation coefficient. The theory also addresses the failure of the spectral radiometer to determine ice thickness through observations of quarter wavelength excursions in the reflectivity. Radar data collected off-nadir showed a substantially different behavior compared to that collected near nadir. This difference is attributed to a change in propagation characteristics from quasi-specular return from the ice-water interface to scattering from the rough air-ice interface.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters; 7; Apr. 198
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  • 84
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    Microwave approaches in hydrology (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The microwave approaches for remote sensing of soil moisture centent, snowpack properties, surface water area, and the detection of precipitation over land are discussed. Both active (radar) and passive (radiometry) approaches are considered, and the advantages of microwave sensing are pointed out, including all-weather capability, especially at the longer wavelengths, and greater penetration depth with optical or infrared sensors. Results obtained from ground-based, aircraft, and spacecraft platforms show that microwave systems can monitor the moisture content in the surface soil layer (5 cm thick), and that passive microwave systems can discriminate between light and heavy snowcover, detect the presence of liquid water in the snow, and qualitatively estimate snow water equivalent.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 46; Apr. 198
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  • 85
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    Crop emergence date determination from spectral data (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Estimating the emergence of a given crop, such as wheat or barley, is proposed using an analytic method which relies on the hypothesis that in the region (lambda = 0.70-1.35 microns) a given crop, after emergence, has a unique spectral profile in time. If the crop emerges early or late, relative to a reference standard determined for a given segment, the profile is displaced but has the same shape. Therefore, given the crop specific constants of the reference profile and a sufficient number of Landsat observations of reflectivity at specific times, the emergence date of a field can be determined.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 46; Mar. 198
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    Molecular line observations of AFGL sources (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: HCN and (with three exceptions) CH emission lines have been detected from 14 molecular clouds associated with AFGL sources and/or Sharpless regions. Eleven are molecular cloud-H II region complexes. The remaining three appear to be similar (perhaps younger) objects; they are strong in the far infrared, but have no visible H II regions. Enhancement of the lower satellite transition of CH is seen in most cases. CH was also detected in association with the Herbig B8-A2e star V380 Ori. This emission was the most intense of all the CH detections. An effort was made to find a maser transition for a carbon-bearing molecule in late-type stars. A search was made for rotational transitions in the HCN bending mode (first overtone at 89.1 GHz) and stretching mode (fundamental at 88.0 GHz) as well as the CH ground state lambda-doublet in carbon stars.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 91
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  • 87
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    Using Landsat digital data to detect moisture stress in corn-soybean growing regions (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: As a part of a follow-on study to the moisture stress detection effort conducted in the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE), a technique utilizing transformed Landsat digital data was evaluated for detecting moisture stress in humid growing regions using sample segments from Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana. At known growth stages of corn and soybeans, segments were classified as undergoing moisture stress or not undergoing stress. The remote-sensing-based information was compared to a weekly ground-based index (Crop Moisture Index). This comparison demonstrated that the remote sensing technique could be used to monitor the growing conditions within a region where corn and soybeans are the major crop.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 46; Aug. 198
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  • 88
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    The topographic effect on spectral response from nadir-pointing sensors (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is difficult to interpret multispectral Landsat earth resources data in areas of rugged and mountainous terrain because of the topographic effect on the sensor response. The objectives of this study were to examine and quantify the topographic effect on the sensor response from a uniform sand surface, to assess a simple theoretical incidence model for modeling the radiance from the surface, and to simulate Landsat sensor response due to the topographic effect. A field experiment was designed to collect data from a large range of slope angles and aspects at a range of solar elevations, using a hand-held radiometer. Analysis of these data showed that the magnitude of the topographic effect varied as a function of the solar elevation, the azimuthal orientation of the slope, and the slope inclination. The field measured variations in spectral response were found to have generally strong correlations with the theoretical model, and it was shown that the applicability of the Lambertian assumption varied within and between data sets. It is concluded that if slope angle, aspect, and solar zenith angle and azimuth are known, a technique incorporating a model to reduce the topographic effect prior to multispectral classification may be developed.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 46; Sept
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    Low-light-level television measurements of lightning (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Nighttime observations of lightning were conducted using a low-light-level television system at the Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research in New Mexico. The number of strokes per flash, the interstroke intervals, and flash durations of cloud-to-ground activity were measured for storms ranging from 50 to 200 km away from the observation site. The flash frequency was also obtained for a severe storm system at a distance of 320 km. Some comparisons of the data are made with results obtained from previous television and photographic lightning observations.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: American Meteorological Society; vol. 61
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    Infrared spectrometer for Voyager (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The Voyager IR investigation is described, which uses a Michelson interferometer in the 180-2500/cm range, and a single-channel radiometer for the visible and near-IR, sharing a 50-cm diameter telescope. Emphasis is placed on the differences between the Voyager and the previous designs, including reductions in the field of view and in the noise equivalent spectral radiance of the instrument. Attention is given to the optical layout, the electronics module, power supply placement, thermal control heaters and flash heaters, data reduction, and calibration. A sample spectrum of Jupiter is also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 19; May 1
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  • 91
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    Global crop forecasting (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The needs for and remote sensing means of global crop forecasting are discussed, and key results of the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE) are presented. Current crop production estimates provided by foreign countries are shown often to be inadequate, and the basic elements of crop production forecasts are reviewed. The LACIE project is introduced as a proof-of-concept experiment designed to assimilate remote sensing technology, monitor global wheat production, evaluate key technical problems, modify the technique accordingly and demonstrate the feasibility of a global agricultural monitoring system. The global meteorological data, sampling and aggregation techniques, Landsat data analysis procedures and yield forecast procedures used in the experiment are outlined. Accuracy assessment procedures employed to evaluate LACIE technology performance are presented, and improvements in system efficiency and capacity during the three years of operation are pointed out. Results of LACIE estimates of Soviet, U.S. and Canadian wheat production are presented which demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the remote-sensing approach for global food and fiber monitoring.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Science; 208; May 16
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  • 92
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    Atmospheric effects on radiometric imaging from satellites under low optical thickness conditions (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The interference that the atmosphere poses to analyzing the imagery taken by satellite-borne instruments is discussed, assuming a cloud-free, planar, and horizontally uniform atmosphere. An approximate explicit formula is derived for the earth-atmosphere system nadir-beam reflectivity in terms of the atmospheric parameters, object pixel reflectivity and surrounding area reflectivity, for the limiting case of an optically thin atmosphere. The concepts of the forward-scattering and the backward-scattering optical thickness are introduced, and it is shown that the atmospheric effects in a spectral band depend in a specific fashion on these atmospheric parameters and on the surface spectral reflectivity. In addition, contrast transmittance through the atmosphere, which affects the possibilities of photointerpretation, is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment; 9; Mar. 198
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  • 93
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    A spectral method for determining the percentage of green herbage material in clipped samples (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A laboratory radiometric method for the rapid determination of green and brown vegetation percentages in clipped grass samples has been developed and tested. The method uses red and photographic infrared radiance or reflectance differences between green and brown vegetation. Mixtures of green and brown material were found to have radiances or reflectances proportional to the percentage of green material present. This method may permit the use of rapid green/brown radiometric determinations to replace the tedious hand sorting now generally used. It may also have application in remote sensing of vegetation ground-truth work where the determination of dry green biomass in clipped samples is necessary.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment; 9; Mar. 198
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  • 94
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    Stratospheric aerosol modification by supersonic transport and space shuttle operations - Climate implications (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The potential effects on stratospheric aerosols of supersonic transport emissions of sulfur dioxide gas and submicron soot granules, and space shuttle rocket emissions of aluminum oxide particulates are estimated. An interactive particle-gas model of the stratospheric aerosol layer is used to calculate changes due to exhaust emissions, and an accurate radiation transport model is employed to compute the effect of aerosol changes on the earth's average surface temperature. It is concluded that the release of large numbers of small particles (soot or aluminum oxide) into the stratosphere should not lead to a corresponding significant increase in the concentration of large, optically active aerosols, but that the increase in large particles is severely limited by the total mass of sulfate available to make large particles in situ, and by the rapid loss of small seed particles via coagulation. We find that a fleet of several hundred advanced supersonic aircraft operating daily at 20 km, or the launch of one space shuttle rocket per week, could produce roughly a 20% increase in the large-particle concentration of the stratosphere. We find, in addition, that aerosol increases of this magnitude would reduce the global surface temperature by less than 0.01 K.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 19; Jan. 198
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  • 95
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    Optical redshifts of 59 galaxies (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: This paper presents the results of an observing program carried out to measure galaxy redshifts with the Cassegrain Digicon Spectrograph system on the McDonald Observatory 2.1 m Struve telescope. New redshift determinations are presented for 59 galaxies, obtained for emission line spectra by conventional wavelength determination techniques and for absorption line spectra by Fourier transform filtering and cross correlation techniques with respect to velocity standard spectra of NGC 3115 and NGC 4736. With respect to published redshifts for 29 galaxies, the new redshifts show a mean residual of -1 km/sec and rms residual of 49 km/sec, without apparent systematic trends, from -300 to +13,700 km/sec.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astronomical Journal; 85; Feb. 198
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  • 96
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    Snowpack monitoring in North America and Eurasia using passive microwave satellite data (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Areas of the Canadian high plains, the Montana and North Dakota high plains, and the steppes of central Russia have been studied in an effort to determine the utility of spaceborne microwave radiometers for monitoring snow depths in different geographic areas. Significant regression relationships between snow depth and microwave brightness temperatures were developed for each of these homogeneous areas. In each of the study areas investigated in this paper, Nimbus-6 (0.81 cm) ESMR data produced higher correlations than Nimbus-5 (1.55 cm) ESMR data in relating microwave brightness temperature to snow depth. It is difficult to extrapolate relationships between microwave brightness temperature and snow depth from one area to another because different geographic areas are likely to have different snowpack conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment; 10; Dec. 198
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  • 97
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    View angle effects in the radiometric measurement of plant canopy temperatures (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The thermal infrared sensor response from a wheat canopy was extremely non-Lambertian because of spatial variations in energy flow processes; the effective radiant temperature of the sensor varied as much as 13 C with changing view angle. This variation of sensor response was accurately quantified (root-mean-square of deviations between theoretical and measured responses reduced to 1.1 C) as a function of vegetation canopy geometry, vertical temperature distribution of canopy components, and sensor view angle. The results have important implications for optimizing sensor view angles for remote sensing missions.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment; 10; Dec. 198
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    A comparative study of microwave radiometer observations over snowfields with radiative transfer model calculations (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: (Previously announced in STAR as N79-30611)
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment; 10; Nov. 198
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  • 99
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    Remote sensing of leaf water content in the near infrared (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: (Previously announced in STAR as N80-20768)
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment; 10; Aug. 198
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    Simulation modeling of estuarine ecosystems (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A simulation model has been developed of Galveston Bay, Texas ecosystem. Secondary productivity measured by harvestable species (such as shrimp and fish) is evaluated in terms of man-related and controllable factors, such as quantity and quality of inlet fresh-water and pollutants. This simulation model used information from an existing physical parameters model as well as pertinent biological measurements obtained by conventional sampling techniques. Predicted results from the model compared favorably with those from comparable investigations. In addition, this paper will discuss remotely sensed and conventional measurements in the framework of prospective models that may be used to study estuarine processes and ecosystem productivity.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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