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  • Adult  (66)
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug  (48)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (113)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 1980-1984  (113)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (53)
  • 1980  (60)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (113)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer  (1)
Years
  • 1980-1984  (113)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Human sleep: its duration and organization depend on its circadian phase (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-12
    Description: Two- to threefold variations in sleep length were observed in 12 subjects living on self-selected schedules in an environment free of time cues. The duration of polygraphically recorded sleep episodes was highly correlated with the circadian phase of the body temperature rhythm at bedtime and not with the length of prior wakefulness. Furthermore, the rate of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep accumulation , REM latency, bedtime selection, and self-rated alertness assessments were also correlated with the body temperature rhythm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Czeisler, C A -- Weitzman, E d -- Moore-Ede, M C -- Zimmerman, J C -- Knauer, R S -- AG-00792/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM-07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH-28460/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 12;210(4475):1264-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Body Temperature ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/physiology ; Wakefulness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Survival of mice receiving melanoma transplants is promoted by hydroquinone (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-25
    Description: In BALB/c female mice with melanoma transplants, the incidence of "takes" is decreased and survival is increased by hydroquinone, a melanocytolytic agent. The mechanism of drug action is suggested by via DNA. The significant and high degree of positive response to hydroquinone treatment in vivo is encouraging for the clinical management of melanoma with melanocytolytic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chavin, W -- Jelonek, E J Jr -- Reed, A H -- Binder, L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 25;208(4442):408-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hydroquinones/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Melanoma/*drug therapy ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Oral contraceptives, lanosterol, and platelet hyperactivity in rat (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Lanosterol, a cholesterol precursor that increases considerably in the platelets of rats treated with oral contraceptives, was incubated with either platelet-rich plasma or washed platelet suspension. After 2 minutes there was a remarkable dose-related increase in platelet activity. This platelet hyperactivity was measured by clotting time and platelet aggregation could not be reproduced by cholesterol or ethinylestradiol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciavatti, M -- Dumont, E -- Benoit, C -- Renaud, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):642-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Coagulation/*drug effects ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; Contraceptives, Oral/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Lanosterol/*pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation/*drug effects ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Identical twins reared apart (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1323-5, 1327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Environment ; Female ; Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Twins/*psychology ; Twins, Monozygotic/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Olfactory sensitivity in humans: genetic versus environmental control (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Olfactory sensitivity to acetic acid, isobutyric acid, and 2-sec-butyl-cyclohexanone was tested in 97 adult male twin pairs to determine the extent to which variation in odor perception was genetically determined. Analysis of the data revealed no evidence for heritability of olfactory sensitivity. However, factors significantly associated with odor perception included cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking; body fatness; alcohol consumption; and diabetes mellitus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hubert, H B -- Fabsitz, R R -- Feinleib, M -- Brown, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7189296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Butyrates ; Cyclohexanones ; *Environment ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Sensory Thresholds ; Skinfold Thickness ; Smell/*physiology ; Smoking ; *Twins ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    NIH shaken by death of research volunteer (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):475-6, 478-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Female ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Lithium ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Patient Selection ; *Research ; *Research Subjects ; Sleep ; United States ; Vomiting
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Mebendazole therapy of parenteral trichinellosis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-14
    Description: Mebendazole was highly effective against the helminth parasite Trichinella spiralis in mice subjected to a 3-day course of treatment during the invasive and encystment phases of experimental trichinellosis. When treatment began either 2 or 4 weeks after the mice were inoculated with parasites, the number of larvae developing in the host musculature was greatly reduced by twice-daily oral administration of 3.125, 6.25, or 12.5 milligrams of mebendazole per kilogram of body weight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCracken, R O -- Taylor, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 14;207(4436):1220-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/*therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Larva ; Male ; Mebendazole/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Mice ; Muscles/parasitology ; Trichinella/drug effects ; Trichinellosis/*drug therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Buprenorphine suppresses heroin use by heroin addicts (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Heroin-dependent men were given buprenorphine (a partial opiate agonist-antagonist) or a placebo under duoble-blind conditions on a clinical research ward where they could acquire heroin (21 to 40.5 milligrams per day, intravenously). Buprenorphine significantly (P less than .001) suppressed the self-administration of heroin over 10 days. Control subjects took between 93 and 100 percent of the available heroin. The effects of buprenorphine were dose-dependent; a dose of 8 milligrams per day reduced heroin use by 69 to 98 percent; a dose of 4 milligrams per day reduced heroin use by 45 percent. Termination of buprenorphie maintenance did not result in opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms. The subjects liked buprenorphine and indicated that it was preferable to methadone or naltrexone. Buprenorphine should be a safe and effective new pharmacotherapy for heroin dependence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mello, N K -- Mendelson, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):657-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Buprenorphine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Heroin Dependence/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Morphinans/*therapeutic use ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control ; Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Substance P: does it produce analgesia or hyperalgesia? (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: In the hot plate test, substance P given intravenously at doses of 5 x 10-5 and 5 x 10-4 gram per kilogram caused analgesia, while lower doses caused hyperalgesia. The influence of substance P on nociception depended on the individual mouse's sensitivity to pain (control response latency). Analgesia was produced by substance P administered to mice with high sensitivity to thermic stimulation, whereas hyperalgesia occurred in mice whose control latencies were longer than normal. This result is interpreted as an indication that substance P is capable of normalizing responsiveness to pain and could be classified as a regulatory peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oehme, P -- Hilse, H -- Morgenstern, E -- Gores, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):305-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6154313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hot Temperature ; Hyperalgesia/*chemically induced ; Hyperesthesia/*chemically induced ; Mice ; Nociceptors/drug effects ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Perception/*drug effects ; Receptors, Drug/physiology ; Substance P/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    alpha-Lactalbumin-casein induction in virgin mouse mammary explants: dose-dependent differential action of cortisol (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: The interplay of insulin, cortisol, and prolactin induces synthesis of casein and alpha-lactalbumin in cultured mammary explants from mature virgin mice. A striking difference has been found between the optimal concentrations of cortisol required for maximal induction of the two milk proteins in vitro: 3 x 10(-8) molar for alpha-lactalbumin and 3 x 10(-6) molar for casein. Moreover, 10(-7) to 10(-5) molar cortisol caused progressive inhibition of alpha-lactalbumin accumulation. Such differential actions of cortisol may partly account for the asynchronous synthesis of the two proteins during pregnancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ono, M -- Oka, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1367-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6986657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caseins/*biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/*pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Lactalbumin/*biosynthesis ; Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects/*metabolism ; Mice ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Kindling induces long-lasting alterations in response of hippocampal neurons to elevated potassium levels in vitro (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: The cellular basis of kindling was studied electrophysiologically with slices of guinea pig hippocampus. Normally, epileptiform activity can be induced in the slices only by combined exposure to elevated potassium levels and a chemical convulsant such as penicillin. In hippocampal slices from pentylenetetrazole-kindled animals, however, elevated potassium alone can induce seizures. These data suggest that kindling elicits long-term changes in neuronal excitability that may involve ionic mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, A P -- Hoffer, B J -- Wyatt, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1264-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epilepsy/chemically induced/*physiopathology ; Guinea Pigs ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Pentylenetetrazole/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Potassium/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Blood lead concentrations in a remote Himalayan population (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: The lead content in the air at the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal was found to be negligible. The concentration of lead in the blood of 103 children and adults living in this region was found to average 3.4 micrograms per deciliter, a level substantially lower than that found in industrialized populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piomelli, S -- Corash, L -- Corash, M B -- Seaman, C -- Mushak, P -- Glover, B -- Padgett, R -- ES-01104/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES-26437/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1135-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Air Pollutants/*analysis ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; *Industry ; Lead/*blood ; Male ; Nepal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 13
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    Food dyes impair performance of hyperactive children on a laboratory learning test (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Forty children were given a diet free of artificial food dyes and other additives for 5 days. Twenty of the children had been classified as hyperactive by scores on the Conners Rating Scale and were reported to have favorable responses to stimulant medication. A diagnosis of hyperactivity had been rejected in the other 20 children. Oral challenges with large doses (100 or 150 milligrams) of a blend of FD & C approved food dyes or placebo were administered on days 4 and 5 of the experiment. The performance of the hyperactive children on paired-associate learning tests on the day they received the dye blend was impaired relative to their performance after they received the placebo, but the performance of the nonhyperactive group was not affected by the challenge with the food dye blend.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swanson, J M -- Kinsbourne, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1485-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Food Coloring Agents/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/*physiopathology ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Methylphenidate and hyperactivity: effects on teacher behaviors (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: Teacher interactions with hyperactive and comparison boys were observed during classroom activities. A double-blind, methylphenidate-placebo cross-over design was used within the hyperactive group. With no knowledge of any child's diagnosis or drug status, the teacher was more intense and controlling toward hyperactive boys taking placebo than toward either medicated hyperactive boys or comparison boys; her behavior did not differ toward the latter two groups. Discussion focused on the need to consider the broad social ramifications of pharmacologic treatment programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whalen, C K -- Henker, B -- Dotemoto, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1280-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/*drug therapy ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Methylphenidate/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; *Teaching
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    Genotoxicity of the antihypertensive drugs hydralazine and dihydralazine (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: The genotoxicity of the antihypertensive agents hydralazine and dihydralazine was tested in mammalian cells and bacteria. Both drugs elicited DNA repair in rat hepatocyte primary cultures. In the Ames test, both with and without an S-9 fraction, hydralazine was mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA1537, whereas dihydralazine was weakly mutagenic in strain TA1537. These findings support the observation that hydralazine is carcinogenic in mice. The carcinogenicity of many chemicals results from interaction with DNA. Since these studies demonstrate that hydralazine and dihydralazine damage DNA in mammalian cells, these drugs should be viewed as potential human carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, G M -- Mazue, G -- McQueen, C A -- Shimada, T -- N 01-CP-55705/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):329-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; *Carcinogens ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Repair/*drug effects ; Dihydralazine/*toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Hydralazine/*analogs & derivatives/*toxicity ; Liver/metabolism ; *Mutagens ; Rats ; Salmonella typhi/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Multiple daily amphetamine administration: behavioral and neurochemical alterations (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: In rats, multiple daily amphetamine injections (2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, injected subcutaneously every 4 hours for 5 days) resulted in a progressive augmentation in response, characterized by a more rapid onset and an increased magnitude of stereotypy. By contrast, offset times of both the stereotypy and the poststereotypy hyperactivity periods were markedly shortened. When the animals were retested with the same dose of amphetamine 8 days after the long-term treatment was discontinued, the time of offset of the stereotypy and hyperactivity phases had recovered to values found with short-term amphetamine treatment, whereas the more rapid onset of stereotypy persisted. Brain monoamine and amphetamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were determined in comparably treated rats at times corresponding to the behavioral observations. The behavioral data indicate that enhanced responsiveness to amphetamine following its repeated administration may contribute to the development of amphetamine psychosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, D S -- Weinberger, S B -- Cahill, J -- McCunney, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4433):905-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Stereotyped Behavior/*drug effects ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Rate of acoustic change may underlie hemispheric specialization for speech perception (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Phonemically similar syllables, differing only by temporal acoustic cues, were presented dichotically to investigate temporal processing mechanisms in hemispheric specialization for speech. Reducing the rate of acoustic change within syllables while keeping their phonemic characteristics constant significantly decreased the characteristic asymmetry in processing speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, J -- Tallal, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1380-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Male ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 18
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    Human aging and spatial vision (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: The ability to see spatial structures of a wide range of sizes was measured for two groups of observers (mean ages, 18 and 73 years). All observers had good visual acuity. Although older and younger observers did not differ in ability to see targets with fine structure (high spatial frequencies), older observers were only one-third as sensitive to targets with coarse structure (low spatial frequencies) as were younger observers or to changes in criterion. Older observers were also less able than younger observers to see moving targets. The reduced sensitivity of the older observers may adversely affect routine perceptual activities, such as face recognition and visually guided postural behavior, that depend upon low spatial frequencies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sekuler, R -- Hutman, L P -- Owsley, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1255-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Humans ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Size Perception/*physiology ; Space Perception/*physiology ; Visual Acuity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Alcohol and pregnancy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1244-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6684327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ethanol/*adverse effects ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects
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  • 20
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    Eye movements of preschool children (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉HD-12572/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH-00318/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 7;222(4619):74-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Child, Preschool ; *Eye Movements ; Humans ; Research Design
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  • 21
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    Platelet thromboxane synthetase inhibitors with low doses of aspirin: possible resolution of the "aspirin dilemma" (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Selective pharmacological inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis did not prevent arachidonate-induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro. Prevention was instead achieved by a combination of thromboxane A2 inhibitors with low concentrations of aspirin. The latter partially reduced the proaggregatory cyclooxygenase products that accumulated when thromboxane A2 synthesis was blocked. The aspirin concentrations did not affect per se either platelet aggregation or prostacyclin synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells. The combination of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors with low doses of aspirin may offer greater antithrombotic potential than either drug alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertele, V -- Falanga, A -- Tomasiak, M -- Dejana, E -- Cerletti, C -- de Gaetano, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):517-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspirin/*pharmacology ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects/enzymology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Methacrylates/pharmacology ; Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects ; Thromboxane-A Synthase/*antagonists & inhibitors
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  • 22
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    Bioactive cardiac substances: potent vasorelaxant activity in mammalian atria (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Mammalian atrial extracts possess natriuretic and diuretic activity. In experiments reported here it was found that atrial, but not ventricular, extract also causes relaxation of isolated vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle preparations. The smooth muscle relaxant activity of atrial extract was heat-stable and concentration-dependent and could be destroyed with protease. Rabbit aortic and chick rectum strips were used for the detection of atrial biological activity. The atrial activity was separated by column chromatography into two peaks having apparent molecular weights of 20,000 to 30,000 and less than 10,000. The atrial substance that copurified with the smooth muscle relaxant activity in both peaks caused natriuresis when injected into conscious rats. It appears that atria possess at least two peptides that elicit smooth muscle relaxation and natriuresis, suggesting an endogenous system of fluid volume regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, M G -- Geller, D M -- Cole, B R -- Boylan, J G -- YuSheng, W -- Holmberg, S W -- Needleman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atrial Function ; Chickens ; Chromatography, Gel ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*drug effects ; Natriuresis/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Swine ; Vasodilation/drug effects
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  • 23
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    Proviral DNA of a retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, in two patients with AIDS (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by T-lymphocyte dysfunction and is frequently accompanied by opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with T-cell malignancies and can transform T lymphocytes in vitro. In an attempt to find evidence of HTLV infection in patients with AIDS, DNA from samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 AIDS patients was analyzed by Southern blot-hybridization with a radiolabeled cloned HTLV DNA probe. Analysis of DNA from both the fresh (uncultured) lymphocytes and from T cells cultured with T-cell growth factor revealed the presence of integrated HTLV proviral sequences in lymphocytes from two of the patients, both of whom had antibody to HTLV. The proviral sequences could not be detected in blood samples obtained from these individuals at a later date, consistent with the possibility that the population of infected cells had become depleted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelmann, E P -- Popovic, M -- Blayney, D -- Masur, H -- Sidhu, G -- Stahl, R E -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6601822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/immunology/*microbiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Retroviridae/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/analysis/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*microbiology
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  • 24
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    Drug history modifies the behavioral effects of pentobarbital (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Behavior of squirrel monkeys, maintained by the termination of stimuli associated with electric shock, was suppressed by response-dependent shock delivery. The effects of pentobarbital on this behavior depended on whether monkeys had previously received morphine. In monkeys without experience with drugs, pentobarbital increased responding. In monkeys with recent experience with morphine, however, pentobarbital resulted in a smaller increase or decrease in responding. The rate-decreasing effects of pentobarbital after a history of morphine administration could be reversed by the administration of d-amphetamine. These findings suggest that the behavioral effects of abused drugs may depend on previous experience with other drugs, even when those drugs are from a different pharmacological class.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glowa, J R -- Barrett, J E -- DA 02658/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 02873/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 07658/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):333-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Saimiri ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology
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  • 25
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    The thymus-adrenal connection: thymosin has corticotropin-releasing activity in primates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: Endotoxin-free thymosin fraction 5 elevated corticotropin, beta-endorphin, and cortisol in a dose- and time-dependent fashion when administered intravenously to prepubertal cynomolgus monkeys. Two synthetic component peptides of thymosin fraction 5 had no acute effects on pituitary function, suggesting that some other peptides in thymosin fraction 5 were responsible for its corticotropin-releasing activity. In agreement with these observations, total thymectomy of juvenile macaques was associated with decreases in plasma cortisol, corticotropin, and beta-endorphin. These findings indicate that the prepubertal primate thymus contains corticotropin-releasing activity that may contribute to a physiological immunoregulatory circuit between the developing immunological and pituitary-adrenal systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Healy, D L -- Hodgen, G D -- Schulte, H M -- Chrousos, G P -- Loriaux, D L -- Hall, N R -- Goldstein, A L -- CA 24974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1353-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/blood ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Kinetics ; Macaca fascicularis ; Thymectomy ; Thymosin/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Thymus Gland/*physiology ; beta-Endorphin
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  • 26
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    Modifying oculomotor activity in awake subjects increases the amplitude of eye movements during REM sleep (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: The eye movements of human subjects were experimentally modified while they were awake to determine the effect of waking experience on electroculographic activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. After normal eye movements were monitored under controlled conditions, subjects spent 5 days wearing goggles that contained minification lenses and that curtailed vision to a 5 degree field. The amplitude and frequency of eye movements decreased when subjects were awake and increased during REM sleep; sleep stage durations and distributions were unaffected. Values returned to normal in the first 24 hours of recovery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herman, J H -- Roffwarg, H P -- MH 3414/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Electrooculography ; *Eye Movements ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles/physiology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology ; Wakefulness/*physiology
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  • 27
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    Implication of nonlinear kinetics on risk estimation in carcinogenesis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Efforts in estimating carcinogenic risk in humans from long-term exposure to chemical carcinogens have centered on the problem of low-dose extrapolation. For chemicals with metabolites that interact with DNA, it may be more meaningful to relate tumor response to the concentration of the DNA adducts in the target organ rather than to the applied dose. Many data suggest that the relation between tumor response and concentration of DNA adducts in the target organ may be linear. This implies that the nonlinearities of the dose-response curve for tumor induction may be due to the kinetic processes involved in the formation of carcinogen metabolite--DNA adducts. Of particular importance is the possibility that the kinetic processes may show a nonlinear "hockey-stick" like behavior which results from saturation of detoxification or DNA repair processes. The mathematical models typically used for low-dose extrapolation are shown potentially to overestimate risk by several orders of magnitude when nonlinear kinetics are present.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoel, D G -- Kaplan, N L -- Anderson, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1032-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*administration & dosage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Risk
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  • 28
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    A parathyroid hormone inhibitor in vivo: design and biological evaluation of a hormone analog (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: A synthetic analog of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH), [tyrosine-34] bPTH-(7-34)NH2, was found to inhibit parathyroid hormone action in vivo. When the analog and parathyroid hormone were infused simultaneously to rats at a molar ratio of 200 to 1, the analog inhibited the excretion of urinary phosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. When infused alone at the same dose rate, the analog was devoid of agonist activity. The compound was prepared by following design principles developed for inhibitors of parathyroid hormone, and is believed to be the first antagonist of parathyroid hormone that is effective in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horiuchi, N -- Holick, M F -- Potts, J T Jr -- Rosenblatt, M -- AM11749/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1053-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology ; Phosphates/urine ; Rats
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  • 29
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    Fragile sites in chromosomes: possible model for the study of spontaneous chromosome breakage (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: The tissue culture condition that is required for the type of chromosome breakage seen at most fragile sites, namely, the absence of folic acid and thymidine in the medium, greatly enhanced micronucleus formation in proliferating lymphocyte cultures from normal individuals. This suggests that chromosome breakage at fragile sites and the apparently spontaneous damage that gives rise to micronuclei are controlled by the same mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacky, P B -- Beek, B -- Sutherland, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):69-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Nucleus/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; *Chromosome Fragility ; Culture Media ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Folic Acid/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thymidine/pharmacology
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  • 30
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    Potential role of galactokinase in neonatal carbohydrate assimilation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Glucose given to the newborn human may result in hyperglycemia, suggesting that its utilization is impaired at this developmental stage. Galactose is thought to be a more appropriate carbohydrate source for the newborn. The enzymes involved in hexose phosphorylation may, in part, be responsible for these observations. A key regulatory enzyme of hepatic glucose assimilation, glucokinase, is diminished in newborns compared to adults, whereas galactokinase activity is increased. When newborn dogs were fasted and then fed either glucose or galactose, their plasma insulin responses to glucose were similar, but the pups fed galactose demonstrated an attenuated systemic appearance rate of glucose. Hexose incorporation into hepatic glycogen and net glycogen synthesis was augmented in the galactose-fed dogs. In vitro, liver from neonatal dogs showed enhanced galactokinase activity relative to that for hexokinase or glucokinase. Neonatal hexose assimilation may be independent of insulin action and, instead, be related to the developmental presence of hexose phosphorylating enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kliegman, R M -- Miettinen, E L -- Morton, S -- HD05740/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/metabolism ; *Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Dogs ; Galactokinase/*physiology ; Galactose/metabolism ; Galactosemias ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver Glycogen/biosynthesis ; Phosphorylation ; Rats
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  • 31
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    A silent, neutral substitution detected by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: hemoglobin Beirut (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: A substitution of alanine for valine at position 126 in the beta-chain of hemoglobin was discovered in a hematologically normal adult male of Lebanese extraction. The variant beta-globin was initially observed and subsequently purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reverse-phase HPLC was also used to isolate the variant tryptic peptide of beta-T13 that has alanine replacing valine at residue 126. The discovery of hemoglobin Beirut illustrates the usefulness of reverse-phase HPLC for the detection of neutral amino acid substitutions in proteins. The ability to detect neutral substitutions in undigested proteins is pertinent to the monitoring of genetic variation in human populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strahler, J R -- Rosenbloom, B B -- Hanash, S M -- R01-HL25541/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):860-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Isoelectric Point ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male
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  • 32
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    Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats by intracerebral injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Intracisternal injection of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) into the pylorus-ligated rat or the rat with gastric fistula resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion stimulated with pentagastrin or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. When injected into the lateral hypothalamus--but not when injected into the cerebral cortex--CRF suppressed pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. The inhibitory effect of CRF was blocked by vagotomy and adrenalectomy but not by hypophysectomy or naloxone treatment. These results indicate that CRF acts within the brain to inhibit gastric acid secretion through vagal and adrenal mechanisms and not through hypophysiotropic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tache, Y -- Goto, Y -- Gunion, M W -- Vale, W -- River, J -- Brown, M -- AM30110/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):935-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Acid/*secretion ; Hypophysectomy ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Male ; Pentagastrin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vagotomy
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  • 33
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    Effects of serotonin on memory impairments produced by ethanol (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Subjects treated with low or high doses of ethanol demonstrated impaired memory, particularly in tests involving the recall of poorly learned information. Zimelidine, an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, reversed this ethanol-induced impairment. The serotonin neurotransmitter system may mediate learning and memory in humans and may determine some of the effects of alcohol on higher mental functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingartner, H -- Rudorfer, M V -- Buchsbaum, M S -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):472-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6223371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brompheniramine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ethanol/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Learning/drug effects ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Memory Disorders/*chemically induced ; Mental Recall/drug effects ; Serotonin/*physiology ; Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology ; Zimeldine
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Urinary phenyl acetate: a diagnostic test for depression? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: The compound 2-phenylethylamine is an "endogenous amphetamine" which may modulate central adrenergic functions. 2-Phenylethylamine is mainly metabolized by monoamine oxidase to form phenyl acetate (PAA). The 24-hour urinary excretion of PAA was measured in normal healthy volunteers and depressed patients. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition 3. In 70 percent of healthy volunteers of both sexes, the excretion of PAA ranged between 70 and 175 milligrams per 24 hours (mean = 141.1 +/- 10.2). Inpatients with major depressive disorder (unipolar type) (N = 31) excreted less PAA (68.7 +/- 7.0 milligrams per 24 hours) and 55 percent of them excreted less than 70 milligrams per 24 hours; there were no significant differences in the PAA excretion between untreated patients (N = 13) and those treated with antidepressants that were not effective (N = 18). The PAA excretion was reduced to a lesser extent in 35 less severely depressed unipolar outpatients (drug-free for 1 week) (86.3 +/- 11.8 milligrams per 24 hours). These results suggest that low PAA urinary excretion may be a reliable state marker for the diagnosis of some forms of unipolar major depressive disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabelli, H C -- Fawcett, J -- Gusovsky, F -- Javaid, J -- Edwards, J -- Jeffriess, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1187-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Depressive Disorder/*diagnosis/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenethylamines/metabolism/physiology ; Phenylacetates/*urine
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    Indoor air pollution: a public health perspective (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Although official efforts to control air pollution have traditionally focused on outdoor air, it is now apparent that elevated contaminant concentrations are common inside some private and public buildings. Concerns about potential public health problems due to indoor air pollution are based on evidence that urban residents typically spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors, concentrations of some contaminants are higher indoors than outdoors, and for some pollutants personal exposures are not characterized adequately by outdoor measurements. Among the more important indoor contaminants associated with health or irritation effects are passive tobacco smoke, radon decay products, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, asbestos fibers, microorganisms, and aeroallergens. Efforts to assess health risks associated with indoor air pollution are limited by insufficient information about the number of people exposed, the pattern and severity of exposures, and the health consequences of exposures. An overall strategy should be developed to investigate indoor exposures, health effects, control options, and public policy alternatives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spengler, J D -- Sexton, K -- ES-01108/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):9-17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Air Microbiology ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects/prevention & control ; Air Pollution, Radioactive/adverse effects ; Asbestos/adverse effects ; Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects ; Child ; Construction Materials/adverse effects ; Formaldehyde/adverse effects ; Fuel Oils/adverse effects ; Household Articles ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Radon/adverse effects ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Smoking ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects ; Ventilation
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    Increased sensitivity of lymphocytes from people over 65 to cell cycle arrest and chromosomal damage (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: Flow cytometry revealed that, in the presence of tritiated thymidine, a greater percentage of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from old human donors were arrested in the G2 or M phase than were cells from young donors. Furthermore, lymphocytes from old donors showed significantly more chromosomal damage than did lymphocytes from young donors. Lymphocyte cultures from old or young donors not exposed to tritiated thymidine had the same percentage of cycling lymphocytes in G2 or M, although the number of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin to enter the cell cycle was significantly lower in cultures from old donors. Thus, the impaired incorporation of tritiated thymidine by phytohemagglutinin-exposed lymphocytes from old humans reflects both an impaired proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and an increased sensitivity to the radiobiological effects of tritiated thymidine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Staiano-Coico, L -- Darzynkiewicz, Z -- Hefton, J M -- Dutkowski, R -- Darlington, G J -- Weksler, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Cell Cycle/*radiation effects ; Chromosomes/*radiation effects/ultrastructure ; DNA Repair/radiation effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Thymidine/adverse effects ; Tritium
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    Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and homovanillic acid in spinal fluid of schizophrenics with brain atrophy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Schizophrenic patients with high ventricle brain ratios and cortical brain atrophy, as shown by computerized tomography, had decreased spinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. These decreased cerebral spinal fluid concentrations in patients with brain atrophy support the proposal of disturbed noradrenaline and dopamine neurotransmission in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Kammen, D P -- Mann, L S -- Sternberg, D E -- Scheinin, M -- Ninan, P T -- Marder, S R -- van Kammen, W B -- Rieder, R O -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6133351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Atrophy ; Brain/metabolism/*pathology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Homovanillic Acid/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phenylacetates/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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    Down's syndrome in adults: brain metabolism (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, as measured with positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose, was significantly higher in four healthy young subjects with trisomy 21 syndrome (Down's syndrome) than the mean rate in healthy young controls. The rate of cerebral glucose utilization in the frontal lobe of a 51-year-old subject with Down's syndrome was significantly lower than the rate in the young subjects with this syndrome, but approximated the rate in middle-aged controls. Thus glucose utilization by the brain appears to be excessive in young adults with Down's syndrome but may decline with age in some brain regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, M -- Duara, R -- Haxby, J -- Grady, C -- White, B J -- Kessler, R M -- Kay, A D -- Cutler, N R -- Rapoport, S I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):781-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6224294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Dementia/etiology ; Down Syndrome/complications/*physiopathology ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
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  • 39
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    Amiloride directly inhibits the Na,K-ATPase activity of rabbit kidney proximal tubules (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Amiloride inhibited the ouabain-sensitive rate of oxygen consumption (QO2) of a suspension of rabbit intact proximal tubules in the presence of different concentrations of extracellular sodium. Measurements of the ouabain-sensitive QO2 in the presence of nystatin, the tissue sodium and potassium contents of the tubules in suspension, and the sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) activity of lysed tubule membranes indicated that the effect of amiloride was due to a direct inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soltoff, S P -- Mandel, L J -- AM26816/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29256/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):957-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amiloride/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/*enzymology ; Nystatin/pharmacology ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Pyrazines/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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  • 40
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    Functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the lower respiratory tract of cigarette smokers is not decreased (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of pulmonary emphysema, a disorder that may result from an imbalance between the elastase and antielastase levels in the lungs. Decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, might render smokers susceptible to elastase-catalyzed destruction of pulmonary elastic fibers and the development of emphysema. Binding and inactivation of isotopically labeled porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase by alpha 1-protease inhibitor were measured in fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of volunteers. The inhibition of elastase-catalyzed solubilization of elastin and a tripeptide substrate were also determined. The mean level of functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smokers was found to be equal to or greater than that of nonsmokers, contradicting reports by other investigators. Increased elastase derived from pulmonary neutrophils, rather than decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, appears to be the main factor in the genesis of emphysema in smokers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, P J -- Calore, J D -- McGowan, S E -- Bernardo, J -- Snider, G L -- Franzblau, C -- HL-19717/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-25229/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1187-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bronchi/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*metabolism ; *Smoking
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    Interchangeability of stress and amphetamine in sensitization (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-18
    Description: In view of similarities between the behavioral, biochemical, and electrophysiological effects of amphetamine and stress, we tested the hypothesis that presentation of a stressor, mild tail pressure, can sensitize an animal to the later effects of amphetamine, and vice versa. Our findings supported this hypothesis and suggest that amphetamine and at least some stressors may be interchangeable in their ability to induce a sensitization. The data raise the possibility that stress might be a common variable contributing to both amphetamine psychosis and some forms of schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antelman, S M -- Eichler, A J -- Black, C A -- Kocan, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 18;207(4428):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Stereotyped Behavior/drug effects ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology
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  • 42
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    Human taste: response and taste bud number in fungiform papillae (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The number of basic taste qualities registered by single human fungiform papillae is correlated with the number of taste buds borne on these papillae. Multiple sensitivity was demonstrated both in single fungiform papillae and in single taste buds, with response to all four of the basic taste qualities occuring in a single taste bud.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arvidson, K -- Friberg, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):807-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Taste/*physiology ; Taste Buds/cytology/*physiology ; Tongue/cytology/*innervation
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    Goal orientation by blindfolded humans after long-distance displacement: possible involvement of a magnetic sense (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: A wide range of animals are able to orient toward home when subjected to displacement-release experiments. When comparable experiments are performed on blindfolded humans, a similar ability emerges. Such goal-orientation does not result from following the complete journey on a mental map, nor is it influenced by cloud cover. Bar magnets worn on the head do seem to exert an influence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Male ; Orientation/*physiology
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  • 44
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    Does malnutrition affect fecundity? A summary of evidence (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Moderate chronic malnutrition has only a minor effect on fecundity (reproductive capacity), and the resulting effect on fertility (actural reproduction) is very small. Among the fecundity components examined here in noncontracepting populations, age at menarche and the duration of lactational amenorrhea appear to be the ones most affected by malnutrition. But from neither of those effects can a difference in fertility of more than a few percent be expected between poorly and well-nourished women in developing countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bongaarts, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):564-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Behavior ; Birth Intervals ; Contraception ; Female ; *Fertility ; Fetal Death/epidemiology ; Humans ; Lactation ; Male ; Marriage ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Ovulation ; Pregnancy ; Spermatogenesis
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  • 45
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    Tritiated imipramine binding sites are decreased in platelets of untreated depressed patients (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: The high-affinity binding of triatiated imipramine to platelet membranes was compared in samples from 16 untreated depressed women and 21 age-matched controls of the same sex. The maximal binding in the depressed group was significantly lower than that of the controls, although the affinity constants were similar. These results suggest that binding of tritiated imipramine in human platelets may represent a biochemical index of depression, possibly reflecting similar changes in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briley, M S -- Langer, S Z -- Raisman, R -- Sechter, D -- Zarifian, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):303-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Blood Platelets/*analysis ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Depression/*blood ; Humans ; Imipramine/*blood ; Kinetics ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism
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    A bank for Nobel sperm (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broad, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1326-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; *Insemination, Artificial ; *Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous ; Male ; *Nobel Prize ; *Spermatozoa ; *Tissue Banks ; Tissue Donors
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  • 47
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    Excitatory and inhibitory effects of serotonin on sensorimotor reactivity measured with acoustic startle (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: Serotonin infused into the lateral ventricle in rats produced a dose-dependent depression of the acoustic startle reflex. When infused onto the spinal cord, serotonin produced a dose-dependent increase in startle. Thus the same neurotransmitter can modulate the same behavior in opposite ways, depending on which part of the central nervous system is involved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, M -- Strachan, D I -- Kass, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):521-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Reflex, Acoustic/*drug effects ; Reflex, Startle/*drug effects ; Serotonin/*pharmacology
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  • 48
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    Biological and sociocultural effects on handedness: comparison between biological and adoptive families (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: Data from adoption studies on handedness indicate that the effects of shared biological heritage are more powerful determinants of hand preference than sociocultural factors. Biological offspring were found to show nonrandom distributions of right- and non-right-handedness as a function of parental handedness; these distributions were consistent with the results fo previous family studies. In contrast, the handedness distribution of adopted children as a function of parental handedness was essentially random.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter-Saltzman, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1263-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adoption ; Adult ; Cultural Characteristics ; *Environment ; *Functional Laterality ; Genetics ; Humans ; Sociology
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  • 49
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    Endorphin-mediated increases in pain threshold during pregnancy (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Maternal pain thresholds in rats were determined during various stages of pregnancy and parturition by measuring the intensity of electric shock that elicited reflexive jumping. There was a gradual rise in the pain threshold between 16 and 4 days prior to parturition and a more abrupt rise 1 to 2 days before that event. This increase was abolished by long-term administration of the narcotic antagonist naltrexone. The endorphin system is thus an important component of intrinsic mechanisms that modulate responsiveness to aversive stimuli. The data also demonstrate the activation during pregnancy of an endorphin system that is apparently quiescent in nonpregnant female rats treated the same way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gintzler, A R -- NIMH GRANT DA01771/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Female ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats ; Time Factors
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    Rand issues final alcoholism report (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):855-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism/*physiopathology/prevention & control/therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male
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    Consensus--more or less--on the Pap smear (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 8;209(4457):672.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Papanicolaou Test ; United States ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; *Vaginal Smears
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    Women gain parity in smoking-related ailments (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 1;207(4430):509.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology ; Smoking/*complications
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    Faster cholinergic REM sleep induction in euthymic patients with primary affective illness (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-04-11
    Description: Arecoline, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist, induced rapid eye movement sleep significantly more rapidly in patients with primary affective illness in remission than in normal control subjects matched for age and sex. These results, and others, suggest that patients with primary affective illness may have a supersensitive cholinergic system both when they are ill and when their symptoms are in clinical remission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sitaram, N -- Nurnberger, J I Jr -- Gershon, E S -- Gillin, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 11;208(4440):200-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Affective Symptoms/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Arecoline/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology ; Sleep, REM/*drug effects
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    Panel asks "when is a person dead"? (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 8;209(4457):669-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Brain Death ; Child ; *Death ; Humans ; *Legislation, Medical ; *Religion and Medicine ; United States
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  • 55
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    Tumor-promoting phorbol esters stimulate hematopoietic colony formation in vitro (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-04-25
    Description: Tumor-promoting phorbol esters stimulated mouse bone marrow cells to form myeloid colonies in agar cultures without added colony-stimulating factors. The colony-stimulating ability of various phorbol esters correlated well with their ability to promote skin tumors in vivo. These results suggest that phorbol esters mimic the action of specific colony-stimulating factors that regulate growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuart, R K -- Hamilton, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 25;208(4442):402-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6245446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; *Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Macrophages/physiology ; Mice ; Monocytes/physiology ; Phorbol Esters/pharmacology ; Phorbols/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*pharmacology
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    Anxiety and muscle tension as consequences of caffeine withdrawal (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-09-26
    Description: Regular consumers of caffeine had higher muscle tension after three or more hours of abstinence than low caffeine consumers. This difference was absent after double-blind administration of caffeine citrate or placebo. In a discriminative reaction time test, caffeine treatment improved performance. Among subjects receiving placebo, anxiety was highly correlated with prior caffeine use, suggesting that even a brief abstinence may produce anxiety in the regular user.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, B C -- Lincoln, C A -- Pearce, N W -- Reeb, R -- Vaida, C -- AA 03513/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- HD 05958/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 11618/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 26;209(4464):1547-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anxiety/*etiology ; Caffeine/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction/*drug effects ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/complications/*physiopathology
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    Electrophysiological signs of split-second decision-making (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: When young adults detected auditory stimuli at split-second intervals, different components of the event-related brain potentials showed markedly different speeds of recovery. The P3 component (latency 300 to 350 milliseconds) was fully recovered at intervals of less than 1.0 second, while the N1--P2 components (latencies 100 to 180 milliseconds) were markedly attenuated with stimulus repetition even at longer interstimulus intervals. Thus, the N1--P2 recovers much more slowly than a subject's ability to evaluate signals, whereas the P3 appears to be generated at the same high rates as the decision processes with which it is associated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woods, D L -- Hillyard, S A -- Courchesne, E -- Galambos, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):655-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Time Factors
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    Carboxyhemoglobin levels in an unstable hemoglobin disorder (Hb Zurich): effect on phenotypic expression (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-07-18
    Description: The affinity of Hb Zurich for carbon monoxide is approximately 65 times that of normal hemoglobin. The carboxyhemoglobin content in serum from individuals with Hb Zurich ranged from 3.9 to 6.7 percent in nine nonsmokers and from 9.8 to 19.7 percent in six smokers. Rates of hemolysis and hemoglobin denaturation were less in smokers than in nonsmokers, effects that may be secondary to the stabilization of Hb Zurich by carbon monoxide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zinkham, W H -- Houtchens, R A -- Caughey, W S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 18;209(4454):406-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Carboxyhemoglobin/*analysis/genetics ; Child ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins/*analysis ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/*analysis/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Smoking
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    Glucose stimulation of the antilipolytic effect of insulin in humans (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: Dose-response studies of the inhibition of lipolysis by insulin in isolated human adipocytes were conducted with the use of a sensitive bioluminescent assay of glycerol release. The addition of glucose to the incubation medium was associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity and an increase in the maximum insulin effect. The results suggest that glucose plays an important role in regulating the antilipolytic action of insulin in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arner, P -- Bolinder, J -- Ostman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6342138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Lipolysis/*drug effects
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    A major metabolite of arginine vasopressin in the brain is a highly potent neuropeptide (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: A peptide that accumulated as the major product during the proteolysis of arginine vasopressin by rat brain synaptic membranes was isolated and its structure was shown to be the hexapeptide pGlu-Asn-Cys(Cys)-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2. When administered intracerebroventricularly in extremely low doses, this vasopressin fragment and its desglycinamide derivative facilitated memory consolidation in a passive avoidance situation. These vasopressin metabolites, which are devoid of pressor activity, constitute highly potent neuropeptides with selective effects on memory and related processes; they are activated via proteolytic processing of vasopressin by brain peptidases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burbach, J P -- Kovacs, G L -- de Wied, D -- van Nispen, J W -- Greven, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1310-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6351252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*metabolism/physiology ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Brain/*metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Ethanol modulation of opiate receptors in cultured neural cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: The mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 was used to study the acute and chronic interaction of ethanol with intact neural cells. In the short term, ethanol inhibited opiate receptor binding, but after long-term exposure the cells exhibited an apparent adaptive increase in the number of opiate binding sites; this was reversible when ethanol was withdrawn. High concentrations of ethanol (200 mM) increased opiate binding after 18 to 24 hours, whereas lower concentrations (25 to 50 mM) produced similar changes after 2 weeks. This model system has potential for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charness, M E -- Gordon, A S -- Diamond, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1246-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Glioma ; Hybrid Cells ; Mice ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects/metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Fluoride directly stimulates proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone-forming cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-10-21
    Description: Fluoride is one of the most potent but least well understood stimulators of bone formation in vivo. Bone formation was shown to arise from direct effects on bone cells. Treatment with sodium fluoride increased proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone cells in vitro and increased bone formation in embryonic calvaria at concentrations that stimulate bone formation in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farley, J R -- Wergedal, J E -- Baylink, D J -- AM31061/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM31062/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 21;222(4621):330-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Development/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/*cytology/embryology/enzymology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fluorides/*pharmacology ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology
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    Psychological stress induces sodium and fluid retention in men at high risk for hypertension (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-22
    Description: Exposure to competitive mental tasks significantly reduced the urinary sodium and fluid excreted by young men with one or two hypertensive parents or with borderline hypertension. In this high-risk group, the degree of retention was directly related to the magnitude of heart rate increase during stress, suggesting common mediation by way of the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, psychological stress appears to induce changes in renal excretory functions that may play a critical role in long-term blood pressure regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Light, K C -- Koepke, J P -- Obrist, P A -- Willis, P W 4th -- HL-01096/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-18976/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-23718/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 22;220(4595):429-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology/*physiopathology ; Kidney/physiopathology ; Male ; Risk ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/metabolism/*physiopathology ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance
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    A functional role for an opiate system in snail thermal behavior (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: The terrestrial snail Cepaea nemoralis, when placed on a 40 degrees C hot plate, lifts the anterior portion of its foot. The latency of this response is influenced by morphine and by naloxone in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Morphine increases the time taken to respond, whereas naloxone reduces it. Furthermore, naloxone abolishes the effect of morphine. These results indicate that an opiate system may have a role in this behavior, which resembles that reported in vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kavaliers, M -- Hirst, M -- Teskey, G C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):99-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6298941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hot Temperature ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects/*physiology ; Snails/*physiology ; Thermoreceptors/physiology
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    Erectile mechanisms in man (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: Increases in penile circumference during sleep-related erections in human subjects closely reflected increases in penile blood flow, and bursts of activity in the bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus muscles were temporally related to these increases. The penile arterial system and the perineal muscles appear to have important coordinated roles in human penile erection. Monitoring sleep-related erections and penile blood flow holds promise for the study of erectile mechanisms and dysfunction and for screening of drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karacan, I -- Aslan, C -- Hirshkowitz, M -- AG02414-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1080-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Electrooculography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Penis/blood supply/*physiology ; Sleep/physiology
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    Substance P and somatostatin regulate sympathetic noradrenergic function (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Peptidergic-noradrenergic interactions were examined in explants of rat sympathetic superior cervical ganglia and in cultures of dissociated cells. The putative peptide transmitters substance P and somatostatin each increased the activity of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase after 1 week of exposure in culture. Maximal increases occurred at 10(-7) molar for each peptide, and either increasing or decreasing the concentration reduced the effects. Similar increases in tyrosine hydroxylase were produced by a metabolically stable agonist of substance P, while a substance P antagonist prevented the effects of the agonist. The data suggest that the increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity was mediated by peptide interaction with specific substance P receptors and that peptides may modulate sympathetic catecholaminergic function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kessler, J A -- Adler, J E -- Black, I B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1059-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6192502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacitracin/pharmacology ; Captopril/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Techniques ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/*enzymology ; Rats ; Somatostatin/*pharmacology ; Substance P/*pharmacology ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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    Pregnancy increases reactivity of mice to phenobarbital (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Compared to nonpregnant controls, pregnant mice injected with phenobarbital had lower concentrations of the drug in the plasma but equivalent concentrations in the brain. In spite of the similar concentrations in the brain, the behavioral response to phenobarbital was greater for pregnant than nonpregnant mice. These results suggest that the concentration of phenobarbital in the plasma, which is commonly used as a basis for adjusting phenobarbital dosage during pregnancy, is not an appropriate indicator of the dynamics of the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Middaugh, L D -- Zemp, J W -- Boggan, W O -- AA03532/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- DA00041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA01750/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):534-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Phenobarbital/analysis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Pregnancy/drug effects ; Time Factors
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    Antipyretic potency of centrally administered alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Centrally administered alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone is much more potent in reducing fever than the widely used antipyretic acetaminophen. This finding supports the hypothesis that the endogenous neuropeptide has a role in the limitation of fever and suggests that it may be clinically useful as an antipyretic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, M T -- Richards, D B -- Lipton, J M -- NS 10046/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):192-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6602381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaminophen/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*pharmacology ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fever/drug therapy ; Humans ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/*pharmacology ; Rabbits
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    Cancer chemotherapy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cairns, J -- Boyle, D -- Frei, E 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):252, 254, 256.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia/drug therapy/mortality ; Male ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality ; United States
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  • 70
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    Endogenous pyrogen activity in human plasma after exercise (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Plasma obtained from human subjects after exercise and injected intraperitoneally into rats elevated rat rectal temperature and depressed plasma iron and zinc concentrations. The pyrogenic component was heat-denaturable and had an apparent molecular weight of 14,000 daltons. Human mononuclear leukocytes obtained after exercise and incubated in vitro released a factor into the medium that also elevated body temperature in rats and reduced trace metal concentrations. These results suggest that endogenous pyrogen, a protein mediator of fever and trace metal metabolism during infection, is released during exercise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannon, J G -- Kluger, M J -- AI 13878/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):617-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; *Interleukin-1 ; Iron/blood ; Leukocytes/physiology ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; *Physical Exertion ; Proteins/physiology ; Pyrogens/blood/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Zinc/blood
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  • 71
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    Shadows of thought: shifting lateralization of human brain electrical patterns during brief visuomotor task (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: Dynamic spatial patterns of correlation of electrical potentials recorded from the human brain were shown in diagrams generated by mathematical pattern recognition. The patterns for "move" and "no-move" variants of a brief visuospatial task were compared. In the interval spanning the P300 peak of the evoked potential, higher correlations of the right parietal electrode with occipital and central electrodes distinguished the no-move task from the move task. In the next interval, spanning the readiness potential in the move task, higher correlations of the left central electrode with occipital and frontal electrodes characterized the move task. These results conform to neuropsychological expectations of localized processing and their temporal sequence. The rapid change in the side and site of localized processes may account for conflicting reports of lateralization in studies which lacked adequate spatial and temporal resolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Schaffer, R E -- Doyle, J C -- Cutillo, B A -- Tannehill, R S -- Bressler, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):97-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Functional Laterality/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Psychomotor Performance/*physiology
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  • 72
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    Accumulation of D-aspartic acid with age in the human brain (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-24
    Description: An age-related accumulation of D-aspartic acid was detected in the white matter of ten normal brains from individuals aged 30 to 80 years. Gray matter showed no systematic increase in D-aspartic acid. The rate constant for D-aspartate formation in the brain is equal to the predicted value calculated for 37 degrees C. Accumulation of the uncommon D-aspartate isomer in myelinated white matter implies that there is little or no turnover of this tissue, and this may have a bearing on dysfunction of the aging brain or on other diseases of myelin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Man, E H -- Sandhouse, M E -- Burg, J -- Fisher, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 24;220(4604):1407-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Aspartic Acid/*analysis/physiology ; *Brain Chemistry ; Eye Proteins/analysis ; Humans ; Lens Nucleus, Crystalline/analysis ; Middle Aged
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  • 73
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    5-hydroxytryptophan elevates serum melatonin (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Daytime administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan to sheep elevated serum melatonin more than sevenfold within 2 hours. This suggests that administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan could be used as the basis of a clinical test of pineal function and that melatonin might mediate some clinical effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Namboodiri, M A -- Sugden, D -- Klein, D C -- Mefford, I N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):659-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Melatonin/*blood ; Pineal Gland/physiology ; Rats ; Serotonin/*pharmacology ; Sheep ; Tryptophan/pharmacology
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  • 74
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    Organ shortage clouds new transplant era (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):32-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Death ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandatory Programs ; Middle Aged ; Tissue Donors ; *Tissue and Organ Procurement ; *Transplantation ; United States ; tissue are revolutionizing organ transplantation, but the current shortage of ; donated organs is expected to worsen. The reasons for this shortage and possible ; solutions to the problem are discussed briefly, and the ethical and legal ; implications of salvaging organs from brain-dead patients are mentioned. Presumed ; consent laws, already in force in several European countries, would drastically ; increase the number of available organs, but American ethicists are divided over ; a policy permitting automatic use of organs unless a person has left explicit ; instructions to the contrary.
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  • 75
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    Monkey model of Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*chemically induced ; Pyridines/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects/physiopathology ; Swine
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  • 76
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    New puzzles over estrogen and heart disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1137-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Cholesterol/blood ; Coronary Disease/*blood ; Estrogens/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/blood ; Risk
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  • 77
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    Serologic evidence of chlamydial and mycoplasmal pharyngitis in adults (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: In a study of 763 adult patients we found serologic evidence of infection (a fourfold increase in antibodies) with Chlamydia trachomatis in 20.5 percent of the patients and with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 10.6 percent, but with group A streptococcus (by culture) in only 9.1 percent. Pharyngitis, the most common problem for which patients seek medical care in the United States, may be caused by nonviral, potentially treatable organisms more often than had been suspected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Komaroff, A L -- Aronson, M D -- Pass, T M -- Ervin, C T -- Branch, W T Jr -- Schachter, J -- EY 02216/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HS 02063/HS/AHRQ HHS/ -- HS 04066/HS/AHRQ HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):927-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis ; *Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis ; *Chlamydia trachomatis/immunology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mycoplasma Infections/immunology ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae/immunology ; Pharyngitis/*etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Serologic Tests
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    Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: Four persons developed marked parkinsonism after using an illicit drug intravenously. Analysis of the substance injected by two of these patients revealed primarily 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) with trace amounts of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxy-piperidine (MPPP). On the basis of the striking parkinsonian features observed in our patients, and additional pathological data from one previously reported case, it is proposed that this chemical selectively damages cells in the substantia nigra.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langston, J W -- Ballard, P -- Tetrud, J W -- Irwin, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):979-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meperidine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Opioid-Related Disorders/*complications ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*chemically induced/metabolism ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects
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  • 79
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    Visual sustained attention: image degradation produces rapid sensitivity decrement over time (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Perceptual sensitivity to a visual target presented in a random continuous sequence of targets and nontargets decreased rapidly over time when stimuli were highly degraded visually but not when moderately degraded or undegraded. Large declines in sensitivity, independent of changes in response criterion, were found after only 5 minutes of observation. These rapid decrements of sensitivity to degraded targets seem to result from demands on the limited capacity of visual attention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nuechterlein, K H -- Parasuraman, R -- Jiang, Q -- 784040-29867-5/PHS HHS/ -- MH 30911/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):327-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Attention ; Child ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Time Factors ; *Visual Perception
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  • 80
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    Insulin antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetics before insulin treatment (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: A sensitive assay was used to measure the binding of iodine-125-labeled insulin in serum obtained from 112 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetics before insulin treatment was initiated. Two groups of nondiabetics served as controls: children with a variety of diseases other than diabetes and nondiabetic siblings of insulin-dependent diabetics. Eighteen of the diabetics were found to have elevated binding and 36 were above the 95th percentile of control values. The insulin-binding protein is precipitated by antibody to human immunoglobulin G, has a displacement curve that is parallel and over the same concentration range as serum from long-standing insulin-dependent diabetics, and elutes from a Sephacryl S-300 column at the position of gamma globulin. These insulin antibodies are present in a large percentage of newly diagnosed, untreated diabetics and may be an immune marker of B-cell damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, J P -- Asplin, C M -- Clemons, P -- Lyen, K -- Tatpati, O -- Raghu, P K -- Paquette, T L -- AM17047/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM30780/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1337-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6362005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Autoantibodies/*analysis ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy/*immunology ; Humans ; Insulin/*immunology/therapeutic use
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  • 81
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    Hysteresis in the force-calcium relation in muscle (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Calcium ions activate muscle contraction. The mechanism depends on the calcium sensitivity of the proteins that regulate contraction. Evidence is presented for the reverse phenomenon, where contraction modulates calcium sensitivity. Increasing the force level increased calcium sensitivity in intact fibers showing that the relation between force and calcium is not unique. A particular calcium concentration can maintain a higher force level than it can create. The results were confirmed in skinned fiber experiments. Transient reduction of the force led to a transient reduction in calcium binding, suggesting a simple mechanism for the hysteresis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ridgway, E B -- Gordon, A M -- Martyn, D A -- NS 08384/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10919/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1075-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aequorin ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/*physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Muscle Contraction ; Protein Binding ; Thoracica
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  • 82
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    Is thymosin action mediated by prostaglandin release? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: Treatment of spleen cells derived from adult thymectomized mice with thymosin fraction 5 resulted in a rapid and dose-dependent stimulation of the release of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2. The release of prostaglandin E2 was associated with induction of theta antigen and was totally inhibited by indomethacin. In contrast, prostaglandin E2 release from spleen cells from intact donors was inhibited by treatment with fraction 5. The data support the concept that prostaglandin E2 mediates the effects of thymosin fraction 5 on lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rinaldi Garaci, C -- Favalli, C -- Del Gobbo, V -- Garaci, E -- Jaffe, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1163-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6574601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dinoprostone ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Indomethacin/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Prostaglandins E/*physiology ; Spleen/drug effects/physiology ; Thymectomy ; Thymosin/*pharmacology ; Thymus Hormones/*pharmacology
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  • 83
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    Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: A retrovirus belonging to the family of recently discovered human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV), but clearly distinct from each previous isolate, has been isolated from a Caucasian patient with signs and symptoms that often precede the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This virus is a typical type-C RNA tumor virus, buds from the cell membrane, prefers magnesium for reverse transcriptase activity, and has an internal antigen (p25) similar to HTLV p24. Antibodies from serum of this patient react with proteins from viruses of the HTLV-I subgroup, but type-specific antisera to HTLV-I do not precipitate proteins of the new isolate. The virus from this patient has been transmitted into cord blood lymphocytes, and the virus produced by these cells is similar to the original isolate. From these studies it is concluded that this virus as well as the previous HTLV isolates belong to a general family of T-lymphotropic retroviruses that are horizontally transmitted in humans and may be involved in several pathological syndromes, including AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barre-Sinoussi, F -- Chermann, J C -- Rey, F -- Nugeyre, M T -- Chamaret, S -- Gruest, J -- Dauguet, C -- Axler-Blin, C -- Vezinet-Brun, F -- Rouzioux, C -- Rozenbaum, W -- Montagnier, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):868-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6189183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Retroviridae/*isolation & purification ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/*microbiology
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  • 84
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    Ranking carcinogens for regulation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crump, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 21;219(4582):236-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Models, Biological
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Hypnotically created memory among highly hypnotizable subjects (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-04
    Description: A pseudomemory of having been awakened by some loud noises during a night of the previous week was suggested to 27 highly hypnotizable subjects during hypnosis. Posthypnotically, 13 of them stated that the suggested event had actually occurred. This finding has implications for the investigative use of hypnosis in a legal context.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laurence, J R -- Perry, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 4;222(4623):523-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; *Hypnosis ; Male ; *Memory ; Middle Aged ; Personality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Visual effects of auditory deprivation: common intermodal and intramodal factors (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Visual temporal acuity, as measured by the critical flicker frequency decreased and then increased during 24 hours of auditory deprivation. This intermodal effect is similar to intramodal changes in the critical flicker frequency of the nonoccluded eye during monocular deprivation; a single mechanism appears to underlie both phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bross, M -- Harper, D -- Sicz, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):667-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Denervation ; Flicker Fusion ; Humans ; Reticular Formation/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 87
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    Genetic expression of Wilson's disease in cell culture: a diagnostic marker (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: Wilson's disease fibroblasts have an elevated intracellular copper concentration as compared to cultured control cells. A decreased ratio of copper to protein was observed in cytoplasmic protein (or proteins) having a molecular weight greater than or equal to 30,000 in Wilson's disease cells. The results of this culture study indicate its potential importance in the early unequivocal diagnosis of this disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, W Y -- Cushing, W -- Coffman, M A -- Rennert, O M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):299-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Cadmium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Copper/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration/diagnosis/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Skin/metabolism
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  • 88
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    Role of nitrogen dioxide in the biosynthesis of nitraosamines in mice (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Groups of three to four mice were gavaged with aqueous solutions of 2 milligrams of morpholine, after which they were exposed to nitrogen dioxide in inhalation chambers at concentrations of 0.2 to 50 parts per million for up to 4 hours. At sequential intervals during the exposure, mice were frozen and pulverized in liquid nitrogen, and the mice powder was extracted with ice-cold 35 percent aqueous methanol and dichloromethane; organic-phase concentrates were analyzed for N-nitrosomorpholine with a thermal energy analyzer interfaced to a gas chromatograph. The N-nitrosomorpholine yields, ranging up to about 2.3 micrograms per mouse, were time-dependent relative to the duration of exposure to nitrogen dioxide and dose-dependent relative to the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide; control levels (in mice that were gavaged with morpholine or distilled water and then exposed to air instead of nitrogen dioxide) were less than 5 nanograms per mouse. These preliminary studies demonstrate the in vivo nitrosating potential of nitrogen oxides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iqbal, Z M -- Dahl, K -- Epstein, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1475-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amines/metabolism ; Animals ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Biotransformation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Mice ; Morpholines/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Dioxide/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Nitrosamines/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: improved visual function following reduction of plasma ornithine by diet (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: In a patient with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina, an arginine-deficient diet has reduced plasma ornithine concentration fivefold during the past 20 months. Subjective improvement in her visual function was noted approximately 15 months after institution of her diet. This has been documented by improvements in the electroretinogram, dark-adaptation, and color vision. The improvement involves rod and, to a lesser extent, cone function. The results, although preliminary and limited to a single patient, suggest that reduction of plasma ornithine with a low arginine diet is beneficial in this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser-Kupfer, M I -- de Monasterio, F M -- Valle, D -- Walser, M -- Brusilow, S -- EY-02948/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- RR-52/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1128-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arginine ; Choroid/*pathology ; Color Perception/physiology ; Dark Adaptation ; Dietary Proteins ; Female ; Humans ; Ornithine/*blood ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Retinal Degeneration/*diet therapy/physiopathology ; Uveal Diseases/diet therapy ; Vision, Ocular
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  • 90
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    Schizophrenia: elevated cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-18
    Description: Concentrations of norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid are higher in schizophrenic patients, particularly in those with paranoid features, than in normal volunteer subjects of the same age. This observation supports recent reports of elevated concentrations of norepinephrine in specific brain areas adjacent to the cerebral ventricles of paranoid schizophrenic patients. Overflow of the amine from periventricular regions into the cerebrospinal fluid may reflect abnormally high release or diminished enzymatic destruction of norepinephrine in patients with schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lake, C R -- Sternberg, D E -- van Kammen, D P -- Ballenger, J C -- Ziegler, M G -- Post, R M -- Kopin, I J -- Bunney, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 18;207(4428):331-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Brain/metabolism ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Norepinephrine/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Phenethylamines/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid/physiopathology
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  • 91
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    Estimating cancer risks from low doses of ionizing radiation (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: Disagreements about the somatic risks from low doses of ionizing radiation stem from two difficulties fundamental to the logic of inference from observational data. First, precise direct estimation of small risks requires impracticably large samples. Second, precise estimates of low-dose risks based largely on high-dose data, for which the sample size requirements are more easily satisfied, must depend heavily on assumptions about the shape of the dose-response curve, even when only a few of the parameters of the theoretical form of the curve are unknown.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Land, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1197-203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology ; Cell Survival/radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Radiation-Induced/etiology ; Mammography/adverse effects ; Models, Theoretical ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*etiology ; *Radiation, Ionizing ; Radioactive Fallout ; Risk ; Statistics as Topic
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  • 92
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    Specific locus mutations induced in somatic cells of rats by orally and parenterally administered procarbazine (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: A new test, the granuloma pouch assay, was used in detecting specific locus mutations in somatic cells of rats in vivo after the animals were treated orally and parenterally with procarbazine hydrochloride, an agent used in cancer chemotherapy. The results indicate that stable intermediates are formed in the body and distributed as proximate mutagens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maier, P -- Zbinden, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):299-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Granulation Tissue/physiopathology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Mutation/*drug effects ; Procarbazine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 93
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    Beta-lipotropin: a new aldosterone-stimulating factor (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: Beta-Lipotropin stimulated the production of aldosterone in collagenase-dispersed rat adrenal capsular cells. The maximum response obtained with beta-lipotropin was the same as the response obtained with corticotropin and was greater than that obtained with angiotensin II. These data suggest that beta-lipotropin may play a role in aldosterone regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsuoka, H -- Mulrow, P J -- Li, C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):307-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6247763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/drug effects/*metabolism ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology ; Aldosterone/*biosynthesis ; Animals ; Corticosterone/*biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Rats ; Sheep ; Swine ; beta-Lipotropin/*pharmacology
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  • 94
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    Cigarette smoking associated with sleep difficulty (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-01
    Description: A group of 50 smokers experienced greater sleep difficulty than a group of 50 nonsmokers matched by age and sex. The two groups did not differ in personality patterns or drug consumption. Also, sleep patterns significantly improved in a group of eight chronic smokers when they abstained from cigarette smoking. These findings are consistent with reports on the stimulant effects of nicotine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soldatos, C R -- Kales, J D -- Scharf, M B -- Bixler, E O -- Kales, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 1;207(4430):551-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Coffee/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep Stages ; Sleep Wake Disorders/*etiology ; Smoking/*complications ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/physiopathology
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  • 95
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    Deficient natural killer cell activity in x-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: The activity of natural killer cells was found to be deficient in 10 of 12 males with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, a life-threatening proliferation of lymphocytes after infection by Epstein-Barr virus. The activity levels of natural killer cells from affected males were increased after treatment with interferon in vitro, but normal levels of killing were not obtained. Deficient activity of killer cells in individuals with immunodeficiency and chronic infection by Epstein-Barr virus may contribute to the development of lymphoproliferative disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sullivan, J L -- Byron, K S -- Brewster, F E -- Purtilo, D T -- CA 23561-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):543-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6158759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*genetics ; Infectious Mononucleosis/immunology ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; X Chromosome
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  • 96
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    Auditory brainstem anomalies in human albinos (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials recorded from human albinos indicate significant hemispheric asymmetry. The asymmetry is symptomatic of differences between decussated and nondecussated auditory pathways in albino and pigmented humans at approximately the level of the superior olivary nuclei. Abnormal decussation of auditory pathways in albinos probably coincides with known visual system anomalies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Creel, D -- Garber, S R -- King, R A -- Witkop, C J Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1253-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Albinism/*physiopathology ; Auditory Pathways/*physiopathology ; Brain Stem/*physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Olivary Nucleus/physiopathology
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  • 97
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    Acquisition of a memory skill (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: After more than 230 hours of practice in the laboratory, a subject was able to increase his memory span from 7 to 79 digits. His performance on other memory tests with digits equaled that of memory experts with lifelong training. With an appropriate mnemonic system, there is seemingly no limit to memory performance with practice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ericcson, K A -- Chase, W G -- Faloon, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1181-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Association Learning/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Suppression of prolactin secretion in normal young women by 2-hydroxyestrone (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: The nonuterotropic natural estrogen 2-hydroxyestrone administered to normal young women results in a prompt and profound suppression of serum prolactin in most of the subjects. With the exception of dopamine, this is the only endogenous material known to strongly inhibit prolactin secretion, and its action suggests that the physiological regulation of prolactin by estrogens in the human is dual in nature, consisting of stimulation by estradiol and inhibition by its catechol estrogen metabolite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishman, J -- Tulchinsky, D -- CA 22795/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):73-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Estrogens/physiology ; Estrone/*analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyestrones/*pharmacology ; Prolactin/blood/*secretion ; Time Factors
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  • 99
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    Factors influencing the inhibitory effect of selenium on mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: Selenium, administered to mice with Ehrlich ascites tumors, effectively limited tumor growth. The response was dependent on the chemical form and dose of selenium administered. At the doses administered, there were no detectable adverse effects to the host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greeder, G A -- Milner, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):825-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7406957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/*drug therapy/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cystine/analogs & derivatives ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Selenium/*administration & dosage/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Selenomethionine/administration & dosage
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  • 100
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    Successful culture of rat embryos on human serum: use in the detection of teratogens (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Growth of head-fold-stage rat embryos cultured with human serum for 48 hours was enhanced by supplementation with glucose. Embryo growth (protein and DNA contents) varied with the source of the serum. Serum from 16 of 19 untreated subjects produced normal embryos. Serum from five subjects undergoing cancer chemotherapy and six subjects receiving anticonvulsants was either lethal or teratogenic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chatot, C L -- Klein, N W -- Piatek, J -- Pierro, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1471-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Anticonvulsants/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Blood ; Culture Media ; *Culture Techniques ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/*methods ; *Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; *Teratogens
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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