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  • Electron microscopy  (84)
  • Spektralphotometrie  (40)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • Cambridge U. Press
  • Soc. of Exploration Geophys.
  • 2010-2014
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  • 1980-1984  (131)
  • 1981  (65)
  • 1980  (66)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004
  • 1980-1984  (131)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cytochalasin B and dihydrocytochalasin B on calcium transport by intestinal absorptive cells (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium transport ; Cytochalasin B ; Dihydrocytochalasin B ; Colchicine ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In vivo calcium absorption was studied in normal and rachitic chicks. Cytochalasin B (CB) at a concentration of 25 µg/ml added to the medium inside the duodenal lumen inhibited calcium absorption (20 min) from 82.5±1.9% of calcium absorbed in the controls to 59.2±3% in normal and from 70.0±2.3% to 47.0±2.1% in rachitic chicks. In vitro studies by everted ileal sacs of young rabbits also showed an inhibition of active transport of calcium due to CB. Whereas in the controls the ratio of45Ca concentrations in serosal and mucosal media (60 min) was 7.2±0.32, the ratios were 5.24±0.52; 4.40±0.36; 3.40±0.42; 5.77±0.52; 1.38±0.08; and 1.06±0.02 in the presence of CB at concentrations of 5, 10 and 25 µg/ml; colchicine 10−4M, Na citrate 0.02M, and heat-devitalized conditions, respectively.45Ca concentration in the mucosal scrapings was also affected. It showed an increase from controls (15,101±404 cpm/mg) and correlated with CB concentration: 17,378±489, 19,015±1000, and 20,201±362 at 5, 10, and 25 µg/ml, respectively. Dihydrocytochalasin B also inhibited active calcium transport and caused an increase in45Ca concentration in the mucosal scrapings. Correlated electron microscopic studies showed certain changes in the brush border, especially in some actin microfilaments in the terminal web region. It seems that these morphological alterations may be related to transcytoplasmic movement of calcium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409427
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the rat epiphyseal growth plate following chronic ethanol ingestion (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Electron microscopy ; Growth plate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have previously demonstrated that ethanol has a direct toxic effect on the rat skeleton characterized by decreased trabecular bone volume. In the present study, we examined the ultrastructure of the distal radial epiphyseal growth plates in these same animals. Eight weeks of ethanol administration to 12 male rats results in serum alcohol levels of 140 mg/dl but did not alter the width or light microscopic appearance of the radial growth plate. Quantitative electron microscopy failed to demonstrate morphologic evidence of toxicity in the skeletal cells. We conclude that although ethanol appears to have a direct effect on rat bone characterized by enhanced resorption, toxicity is not attended by ultrastructural changes in the skeletal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409460
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and histological studies on various bone cell preparations (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 529-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone cells ; Electron microscopy ; PTH ; PGE1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Four different cell populations—designated PF, OB, OC, and PC—were isolated from calvaria of 18-day-old chick embryos for analysis of the effects of hormones on bone tissue. The cell populations were studied with histological and biochemical methods. Apart from the well-known cell types present in calvaria, a new cell type was found in the noncalcified organic matrix between the osteoblastic layer and the calcified matrix. These cells were provisionally called osteocytic osteoblasts. They represent the “transition state” between osteoblasts and osteocytes. On the basis of histological studies with light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the PF population was considered to originate primarily from the periosteal fibroblasts, the OB population from the osteoblasts and osteocytic osteoblasts. The population of cells still present in calvaria after removal of periosteal fibroblasts and osteoblasts was called the OC population. This cell population was very much enriched with osteocytes. The fourth isolated population (PC) was a mixed population of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and preosteoblasts. On exposure to parathyroid hormone (PTH), all four cell populations showed increased lactate production, but only the OB and OC populations displayed increased cAMP production. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) stimulated cAMP production in both OB and PF cells. From the results of this study it was concluded that PTH receptors are present on all of the cell types studied, but that occupancy of the receptor induces adenylate cyclase stimulation only in osteocytes and fully differentiated osteoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409485
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scanning electron microscopic investigation of in vitro osteogenesis (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteogenesis ; In vitro ; Electron microscopy ; Mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chick limb mesenchymal cells differentiate into muscle, cartilage, fibrous, and bone tissue. Previous reports show that when stage 24 limb mesenchymal cells are cultured in vitro, chondrocytes, myocytes, fibrocytes, and osteoblasts can be identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical parameters. The study reported here demonstrates that phenotypic expression in culture seems to be dependent on the initial plating density, Scanning electron microscopic observations indicate that when stage 24 limb mesenchymal cells are initially seeded at high densities (5 × 106 cells per 35 mm culture dish), mounds of cells appear in culture. These mounds represent cartilage nodules composed of a fine fibrous matrix and chondrocytes, surrounded by a loose fibrous connective tissue matrix. Cultures initially plated at intermediate densities (2.0–2.5 × 106 cells/35 mm culture dish) produce a flattened layer of fibrocytes overlying a matrix of collagen fibers and calcium phosphate deposits as determined by electron-microprobe analysis; these observations are indicative of osteoblast expression. Cells seeded at this intermediate density appear larger and possess greater surface area than cells seeded at high density. It is suggested that conditions that permit such increased cell surface area coupled with a relative compaction due to cell crowding may provide conditions permissive for osteogenesis. Based on morphological criteria, it appears that chick limb mesenchymal cell osteogenesis in vitro is not associated with chondrogenesis but represents a separate route of phenotypic expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408605
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of fetal rat calvarium; provisional identification of preosteoclasts (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Calvarium ; Electron microscopy ; Preosteoclasts ; Osteoclasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary This is a study of the fine structure of cells of the 20-day fetal rat calvarium. Special attention is given to identifying and characterizing preosteoclasts. These cells are relatively common and located largely, but not exclusively, at the endocranial bone surface. The preosteoclasts are characterized by abundant mitochondria, an incomplete perinuclear Golgi apparatus, and variable-shaped dense granules. The dense granules are unique in appearance in that they contain an internal dense matrix surrounded by a clear halo. Most granules are circular in shape but some are elongate or tubular in form. Granules with identical appearance are observed in osteoclasts. The preosteoclasts are mononucleate, or occasionally binucleate. It is suggested that because preosteoclasts are morphologically distinctive and relatively abundant, it should be feasible to separate these cells from a heterogeneous cell isolate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407163
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of demineralization in an ethanolic solution of triethylammonium EDTA on solubility of bone matrix components and on ultrastructural preservation (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Decalcification ; Electron microscopy ; Bone matrix ; Bone glycoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A solution of triethylammonium EDTA in 80% ethanol was evaluated as a demineralizing reagent for bone in comparison with aqueous solutions of EDTA. Biochemical analysis and acrylamide gel electrophoresis of extracts of finely powdered bovine bone showed that most of the macromolecular components of the organic matrix extractable in aqueous EDTA were retained when the triethylammonium EDTA reagent was used. Ultrastructural examination of chick tibias decalcified with the reagents showed a better preservation of cellular morphology, especially the membranous components, and more uniformly distributed ground substance, though slightly less in quantity, when the aqueous reagent was used. Use of the two reagents appears to be complementary, the alkylammonium reagent being more appropriate for use in studies of the organic matrix of bone, including immunohistochemical studies of bone glycoproteins. The aqueous reagent is more appropriate for use in studies of cellular ultrastructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408537
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal orientation in the shell of the domestic fowl: An electron diffraction study (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Avian eggshell ; Microstructure ; Electron microscopy ; Electron diffraction ; Calcite growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The eggshell of the domestic fowl has been studied by transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. Thin sections of shell were prepared by chemical and ion-beam thinning techniques. Each calcite column of the palisade layer consisted of crystallites of diameter 20 to 30 µm with some tendency for crystallite alignment within a single column. Evidence indicates that there was no significant preferred orientation in the palisade layer as a whole. Only in the surface layer was any preferred orientation detected, and here {1014} planes tended to lie parallel to the surface. The results are compared with previously published data, and calcite nucleation and growth are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409423
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable planar particle arrangements in the photosynthetic membrane of Rhodopseudomonas viridis (1981)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 7 (1981), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Photosynthetic bacteria ; Electron microscopy ; Planar lattices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thylakoids of Rhodopseudomonas viridis have been studied by freeze-fracturing whole cells. Depending on growth conditions and treatment before freezing, three different types of particle arrangements in the photosynthetic membrane are reported: a random arrangement, an isometric (quadratic) lattice arrangement with a lattice constant of 12.5 ± 0.8 nm, and a hexagonal lattice arrangement with a lattice constant of 12.5 ± 0.8 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539181
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of cell wall formation and of gamma particles during encystment of Allomyces macrogynus zoospores (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Zoospores ; Cell wall ; Chitin ; Gamma particle ; Encystment ; Electron microscopy ; Calcofluor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Structural changes during cell wall formation by populations of semisynchronously germinating zoospores were studied in the water mold Allomyces macrogynus. Fluorescence microscopy using Calcofluor white ST (which binds to β-1,4-linked glycans) demonstrated that Calcofluor-specific material was deposited around most cells between 2–10 min after the induction of encystment (beginning when a wall-less zoospore retracts its flagellum and rounds up). During the first 15 min of encystment there was a progressive increase in fluorescence intensity. Ultrastructural analysis of encysting cells showed that within 2–10 min after the induction of encystment small vesicles 35–70 nm diameter were present near the spore surface, and some were in the process of fusing with the plasma membrane. The fusion of vesicles with the zoospore membrane was concomitant with the appearance of electron-opaque fibrillar material outside the plasma membrane. Vesicles similar to those near the spore surface were found within the gamma (γ) particles of encysting cells. These particles had a crystalline inclusion within the electron-opaque matrix. During the period of initial cyst cell wall formation numerous vesicles appeared to arise at the crystal-matrix interface. Approximately 15–20 min was required for the cell wall to be formed. We suggest that the initial response of the zoospore to induction of encystment is the formation of a cell wall mediated by the fusion of cytoplasmic vesicles with the plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406156
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freeze fracture studies of reaction centers from Rhodospirillum rubrum in chromatophores and liposomes (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhodospirillum rubrum ; Chromatophores ; Reaction centers ; Liposomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In freeze-fractures of chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum the reaction centers are seen as hexagonal arranged particles of 13 nm diameter with a density of around 5,500 particles per μm2. Similar regions on the cytoplasmic membrane suggest that these parts are the prospective invagination sites. Isolated reaction centers are easily incorporated into liposomes. In freeze fractures of liposomes particles similar in shape and size, although less dense as in chromatophores are observed. In negative staining much smaller units of only 5 nm in diameter are found indicating that reaction centers occur in the membrane as tri- or tetramers. There is a strong correlation between particle density in chromatophores and titratable reaction centers remaining in these membranes after extraction of reaction centers by detergents; both values are in good agreement with the yield of reaction centers at a given detergent concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411063
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for supercoiling in the DNA of bacteriophage heads (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteriophage ; Myxococcus ; λ ; Superooiled DNA ; Cross-linking ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA was partially released from the heads of myxococcus phages and also coliphage λ and examined by electron microscopy by a modification of the Kleinschmidt technique, in which water was used as hypophase. DNA emerged from the heads in patterns suggestive of newly relaxed supercoils. The unreleased DNA appeared to occupy discrete regions in the head. Some closed circles were released from λ heads. When NaCl solution was used as hypophase, the DNA was observed either released from the tail or from the head, in the latter case, supercoiled regions were observed. When NH4OAc solution was used as hypophase, tightly wound structures were released from λ heads; these fields also contained supercoiled circles. The presence of constrained supercoiled domains in newly released phage DNA was confirmed by observing the effects of ethidium bromide on its conformation. Treatment of phage with nitrogen mustard, a bifunctional alkylating agent, preserved supercoiled domains, even when the phage were lysed over water as hypophase. Further experiments suggested that phage inactivation by nitrogen mustard is largely due to restraint of the supercoiled, native, tertiary structure and that DNA-protein cross-linking may be involved in this reaction. The implications of these findings for the conformation of phage DNA in vivo are discussed and a new model for the winding of DNA in phage heads is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409932
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative numbers of selected bacterial forms in different regions of the cockroach hindgut (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cockroach ; Hindgut ; Distribution ; Microbial morphotypes ; Transmission ; Electron microscopy ; Statistical analysis ; Eublaberus posticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relative numbers of fourteen microbial morphotypes in transmission electron micrographs of the hindgut of a cockroach, Eublaberus posticus, were counted and their distribution was analyzed statistically. The microbiota of three wall-associated regions (the anterior paunch, the posterior paunch, and the black band region) was clearly different from that of the gut lumen. The three wall fractions were also significantly different from each other. Only one of the fourteen types, prosthecate bacteria, appeared to be distributed randomly in the four fractions. The five main wall-associated morphotypes individually constituted up to 41% of the microbes in some micrographs. They included one type with the characteristic morphology of Methanospirillum. Six morphotypes rarely made up over 2% of the population, but were consistently present. The numbers of the remaining three morphotypes were quite variable between micrographs and between individual insects, but when present often made up 5–10% of the population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455348
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entrapment and lysis of the cyanobacterium Phormidium luridum by aqueous colonies of Myxococcus xanthus PCO2 (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Biological control ; Cyanobacteria ; Electron microscopy ; Entrapment ; lysis ; Myxococcus ; Phormidium ; Spherule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A Myxococcus xanthus isolate from a farm drainage ditch, designated strain PCO2, is capable of rapidly inducing lysis of both agar and liquid-grown cultures of the cyanobacterium, Phormidium luridum, var. olivacea. Microscopic studies of the predator-prey interaction demonstrate that lysis of the cyanobacterium occurs within clumps and spherules formed by the cells of M. xanthus PCO2. In the earliest stage, one sees the formation of irregular microclumps of bacteria and cyanobacterial filaments. As these clumps mature, colonies 1 to 6 mm in diameter develops. The center of these densely green colonies contains cyanohacteria in various stages of degradation, while the periphery is almost exclusively a tightly woven mass of myxobacterial cells. Electron microscopy shows that long extrusions from the outer membrane of the M. xanthus PCO2 cells are involved in the formation both of initial clumps and of mature colonial spherules. These extrusions appear to efficiently entangle the cyanobacterial filaments in the culture environment. Predator-to-prey ratios of 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1,000 have resulted in cyanobacterial lysis. Because the entrapment and lysis of P. luridum filaments by M. xanthus PCO2 appears to be independent of any other heterotrophic nutritional requirement, as well as of environmental agitation, this system has potential as a biological control technique for undesirable aquatic cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414699
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis of a halophilic leptospire (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Leptospira ; Halophilic ; Electron microscopy ; X-ray analysis ; Inclusions ; Cytoplasmic tubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of cells of strain Muggia, a slightly halophilic leptospire, was examined by the negative staining technique. The ultrastructure of the cells was rather similar to that of cells of Leptonema illini, i. e. the cells possessed cytoplasmic tubules. The basal complex of their flagella, however, was similar to the corresponding part of flagella on Gramnegative bacteria. The interior of the cells was densely packed with inclusions, except for the two outermost wavelengths at each end where these inclusions were absent. X-ray microanalysis showed that the inclusions contained sodium and chlorine as their main constituents. The inclusions disappeared upon storage of the cultures at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414596
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoferritin labeling of respiratory nitrate reductase in membrane vesicles of Bacillus licheniformis and Klebsiella aerogenes (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 127 (1980), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Immunoferritin labeling ; Electron microscopy ; Membrane vesicles ; Nitrate reductase ; Bacillus licheniformis ; Klebsiella aerogenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The indirect immunoferritin labeling method was used to localize the membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase in membrane vesicles and protoplasts or spheroplasts of Bacillus licheniformis and Klebsiella aerogenes, respectively. For a comparison of the labeling of the various vesicle preparations, which differed not only in size but also in the percentage of inside-out orientation, a quantification of the results was needed to circumvent the problem of non-specifically bound ferritin. From the results the sidedness of the nitrate reductase in the cytoplasmic membrane of the abovementioned bacteria was determined as being cytoplasmic in B. licheniformis and as transmembranous in K. aerogenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414353
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    Chemical composition and ultrastructure of cellular and extracellular Moraxella glucidolytica lipopolysaccharides (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 12-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Moraxella glucidolytica ; Electron microscopy ; Lipopolysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cellular (LPS I) and extracellular (LPS II) lipopolysaccharide were isolated from Moraxella glucidolytica cells grown on ethanol and from the culture fluid, respectively. Both LPS were toxic when injected to mice and chick embryos. These LPS contained glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and lipids. By permethylation studies, glucose was found to be linked (1→6) and (1→3) in LPS I and only (1→6) in LPS II. Galactose was the terminal non-reducing sugar. Branching occurred at positions 3 and 4 of galactose residues. LPS I was rich in α- and β-hydroxylauric and α-hydroxymyristic acids and LPS II contained mainly stearic and α-hydroxymyristic acids. LPS I was detoxified by mild acid and alkaline treatments. It was also dissociated by sodium deoxycholate and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75. The main fraction was reassociated by removing the surfactant by dialysis. The morphology of LPS I and LPS II was examined by electron microscopy. LPS I (original and reassociated fractions) consisted exclusively of ribbons while LPS II contained ribbons and vesicles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422299
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight and quaternary structure of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 344-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase ; Quaternary structure ; Molecular weight ; Electron microscopy ; Cyanobacteria ; Synechococcus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ribulose bisphosphate (RuP2) carboxylase from the marme cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp., comprised both large (57,000 dalton) and small (12,000 dalton) subunits. The undissociated, purified enzyme was considerably smaller than the spinach enzyme when compared by pore-gradient electrophoresis, gel filtration and density-gradient centrifugation. This suggested that the cyanobacterial enzyme might have a hexameric (L6S6) subunit structure, unlike the enzymes from spinach and many other organisms which are octamers (L8S8). However, the molecular weight of the Synechococcus enzyme was measured by equilibrium sedimentation and found to be 530,000, which is within the range observed for L8S8-type enzymes. Furthermore, electron microscopic studies of negatively stained preparations of both the native enzyme, and a preparation depleted of 87% of its small subunits by repeated mild-acid precipitation, revealed four-fold symmetry characteristic of an octameric, cubical structure. Synechococcus RuP2 carboxylase therefore must be an L8S8 octamer and its anomalous pore-penetration behaviour may be due to an asymmetric shape. Some support for the latter possibility was provided by electron miscoscopic observations of two different types of images which may be different views of the molecule in two planes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414597
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of Ascodichaena rugosa on beech bark (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ascodichaena ; Beech bark ; Electron microscopy ; Host-fungus relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ascodichaena rugosa Butin is a corkinhabiting fungus, found frequently on the bark of Fagus sylvatica L. The hyphae of the fungus are distributed solely in the phellem cells, stopping their growth in the last-formed cork cell layer. The cell to cell invasion is effected by penetration hyphae, causing no extensive dissolution of the cork wall. Electron microscopical observations revealed fine structural details of the fruit bodies and of the intracellular hyphae. Of special interest were the finger-like hyaline hyphae in the last-formed layer of cork cells, which are interpreted as haustoria on the basis of the fine structure both of hyphae and host cells. This situation is considered as reflecting a parasitic relationship of Ascodichaena to beech bark. The activity of the fungus led also to the increased production of cork cells, perhaps related to the nutrient supply of the fungus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421896
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Phagocytosis of spermatozoa by the ovum of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus at the time of fertilization (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Phagocytosis ; Spermatozoa ; Ovum ; Fertilization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, as well as those coming into contact with the ovum at a smaller angle, and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa reach the plasma membrane of the ovum via an extensively dissolved zone of the inner layer of the vitelline membrane. This zone is assumed to be formed by overlapping of two or more tunnels formed by spermatozoa that had previously come into contact with the ovum. When a spermatozoon comes into contact with the plasma membrane of the ovum, many cytoplasmic processes extend outwards and cover it. Thereafter, the plasma membranes of the processes fuse, thereby phagocytizing the spermatozoon. It is assumed that the phagocytized spermatozoa cannot undergo transformation into male pronuclei and that they degenerate soon after phagocytosis.
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    Ca++-induced structural changes in photoreceptor microvilli of diptera (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 225-232 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eye ; Photoreceptor membrane ; Electron microscopy ; Calcium-induced changes ; Artefacts ; Diptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When the compound eyes of the fly Lucilia are fixed for electron microscopy with glutaraldehyde in common buffer solutions, artefactual whorls are liable to be formed from the photoreceptor microvilli. The whorls result from two factors: (i) a prolonged time interval prior to osmication, such as the “overnight” primary fixation or wash at 4° C commonly used in studies of compound eyes; (ii) as little as 1–2 mM Ca++ in the primary fixative and wash solutions. Osmication after short (1 h) glutaraldehyde fixation at 4° C, or omission of Ca++ and addition of 2 mM EGTA, prevent whorl-formation. In the tipulid fly Ptilogyna, similar artefacts are produced, but are confined to the distal zone of the microvilli that sheds during turnover.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232766
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    Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations of the cloacal epithelia of the domestic fowl (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 83-93 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epithelium ; Cloaca ; Electron microscopy ; Hen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithela of the three divisions (coprodaeum, urodaeum, proctodaeum) of the cloaca of the hen, and of the excretory ducts (colon, ureter, vagina) which join the divisions, are described using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Each region of the cloaca has its typical epithelium. Special attention is focussed in this study on the boundaries between the different epithelia. The coprodaeal epithelium does not differ considerably from that of the colon; a transitional zone is not visible. Distinct border zones, however, are observed between the other regions (ureter — urodaeum; vagina — urodaeum and proctodaeum; urodaeum-proctodaeum; proctodaeum — cutis). Although the vaginal opening is generally thought to lie in the urodaeum, our investigations show that at the vaginal opening into the cloaca the ciliated epithelium changes, on one border to a secretory epithelium characteristic of the urodaeum and on the other border to that characteristic of the proctodaeum. These observations are discussed in relation to functional aspects.
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    Ultrastructural alterations of the pancreatic D cell in the domestic fowl following vagotomy (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 171-174 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic D cell ; Neural control ; Vagotomy ; Electron microscopy ; Fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to determine the neural control of pancreatic D cells, the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were examined electron microscopically from 1 to 28 days after abdominal vagotomy. Exocytotic release of many secretory granules from D cells occurred one day after vagotomy. Rough endoplasmic reticulum developed and formed an arrangement of concentric whorls in the cytoplasm of D cells after axotomy. The altered D cells were also characterized by the occurrence of many peculiar dense bodies in the apical cytoplasm at all time periods studied. These bodies varied in shape and size, containing several round vesicles. The D cells were extensively depleted of granules after the longer time periods following vagotomy. The present results provide new morphological evidence for the vagus-nerve control of D cells, which may regulate the activity of islet cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233732
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    Fetal hypothalamic transplants in the third ventricle of the adult rat brain (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 191-206 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Transplants ; Vasopressin ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blocks of anterior hypothalamus were transplanted from 19 day-old fetuses of Wistar/Lewis rats into the third ventricle of adult male Brattleboro rats. Physiological changes in graft recipients and in sham-operated animals were monitored daily. Twenty days after surgery, the graft recipients and shamoperated animals were killed and their brains examined by correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Host animals that exhibited both decreased polydipsia and increased urine concentration were found to have viable grafts within the third ventricle. The observed physiological changes suggested that synthesis and release of vasopressin occurred in the transplanted neurons. Grafts were well vascularized by vessels arising from the host hypothalamus. Neurons, with perikarya ranging from 8 to 30 μm in diameter, glial cells, and neurites were located throughout the transplants. A neurohemal contact zone, similar to that normally seen in the median eminence, could not be demonstrated in the grafts. The absence of complete glial and ependymal barriers indicates a relatively close association between cells in the transplants and the cerebrospinal fluid. A large increase in supraependymal neurons and their processes, including an eruption of neurons through the floor of the third ventricle in one animal, was observed in graft recipients but not in shamoperated animals.
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    Fine structure of ependymal cysts in and around the area postrema of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 303-318 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Area postrema, rat ; Ependyma ; Cyst ; Circumventricular organs ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peculiar cells forming cysts were observed in the area postrema and sometimes also in the choroid plexus and the tela chorioidea near the area postrema, and were studied in detail by electron microscopy. The cytological features of the cyst cell and its junctional relationship to neighboring cells imply that cyst cells are derived from ependymal and choroid epithelial cells. The cyst cells usually contact directly the perivascular spaces of postremal, choroidal or pial capillaries, where the cytoplasm is often considerably attenuated. The cystic lumen is commonly filled with a flocculent material. The limiting membrane of the cystic lumen, which frequently bears cilia and microvilli, has the same thickness as the surface cell membrane. In many cases, the cyst is surrounded by the cytoplasm of a single cell. In some cases, however, two cells participate in the formation of the cyst, although one is only a slender process and joined by a zonula occludens with the main cyst cell. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space failed to enter the cystic lumen. A possible significance of the cyst in relation to the CSF and blood circulation was considered.
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    Incorporation of 3H-oleic acid by the proximal convoluted tubule cells of the chick (Gallus domesticus) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 447-459 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lipid ; Kidney tubules, proximal ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipid metabolism in the cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) was investigated in healthy fowls and in fowls with the Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS). The tissue was fixed at 10–25 min intervals after intravenous injection of 3H-oleic acid. The distribution of autoradiographic grains was analysed by the “circle method”. In normal cells most of the silver grains were associated with the cytoplasmic organelles. Lipid droplets and Golgi elements had the highest specific activity relative to the nuclear activity, which was little above background level. Lysosome-like bodies and mitochondria had lower values. In the cells of the FLKS-affected birds a large proportion of the grains was located over the lipid droplets, which are abundant in this condition. The specific activity of the cytoplasmic organelles was barely 2-fold higher than the nuclear activity. The results suggest that there is a diminished incorporation of esterified fatty acids by the organelles of these cells and that the excess is transferred to the lipid droplets. The identity of low electron density particles observed in the PCT cells of severely affected birds is discussed.
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    Gut hormones in Salamandra salamandra (1980)
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 331-343 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut hormones ; Endocrine cells ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Peptidergic innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological, cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods were used in light and electron microscopical studies to demonstrate the presence of a neuroendocrine system in the gut of the urodele, Salamandra salamandra. Cytochemical stains capable of detecting peptide-producing endocrine cells demonstrate cells reacting with Masson's silver (argentaffin) method, Grimelius' argyrophil silver method, masked metachromasia method and the lead haematoxylin stain. Using antisera raised to a variety of mammalian gut peptides, cells containing bombesin-, gastrin-, somatostatin-, substance P- and glucagon-like immunoreactivity were identified; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and substance P-like immunoreactivities were found in nerve fibres in the submucous and myenteric plexus. No immunoreactivity was detected for motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, cholecystokinin or secretin. The ultrastructure of the immunoreactive cells and nerves was revealed by the semithin/thin method. All the cells identified contained numerous electrondense secretory granules, which varied in their chracteristic morphological structure from one cell type to another. The evidence collected in this study indicates that a complex neuroendocrine system regulating gut function is present in this amphibian and may have developed prior to the emergence of the phylum.
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    Adrenergic innervation of pancreatic islets and modulation of insulin secretion by the sympatho-adrenal system (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 15-30 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic islets ; Adrenergic innervation ; Insulin secretion ; Chemical sympathectomy ; Adrenalectomy ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological changes in the adrenergic innervation of pancreatic islets after chemical sympathectomy by use of 6-hydroxydopamine and the influence of the sympatho-adrenal system on insulin secretion were investigated in the mouse and rat. Fluorescence histochemistry revealed a clear-cut reduction in the number of adrenergic nerve fibers in the pancreatic islets 2 days after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine; the reduction was more pronounced in the rat than in the mouse. In the rat, a partial regeneration was seen after 6 weeks. In the pancreas of the mouse, after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a severe damage of unmyelinated nerve fibers was revealed electron microscopically. However, no ultrastructural or immunohistochemical alterations could be demonstrated in the endocrine cells of the islets. 6-Hydroxydopamine induced a depression of basal plasma insulin concentrations in mice and an elevation in rats. Adrenalectomy depressed basal plasma insulin levels in mice. The α-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine enhanced insulin secretion in normal mice. The secretory response of insulin to phentolamine was diminished by chemical sympathectomy and almost abolished by adrenalectomy or the combination of chemical sympathectomy and adrenalectomy. Thus, the effect of phentolamine is probably mediated by liberated catecholamines. It is concluded that basal insulin secretion is partially regulated by the sympatho-adrenal system and that species differences exist in this respect. In addition, the results suggest that endogenous catecholamines have the ability to promote insulin secretion.
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    The isolated perfused rabbit ovary — A model for studies of ovarian function (1981)
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    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 471-479 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovulation ; Perfusion ; Graafian follicle (Rabbit) ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present investigation the ultrastructure of isolated rabbit ovaries, perfused with different media for various time periods, was studied. The steroid hormone production by the perfused ovary was also determined. Perfusion with Medium 199 results in prominent interstitial ovarian oedema which increases with perfusion time. Even after the addition of 6–10 % Dextran T40, oedema appears in the interstitial tissue of the ovary. Perfusion solutions with osmotically active colloid particles of large molecular size (Dextran T70; average molecular weight 70,000 and bovine serum albumin), cause less distortion in the ovarian structure, and ultrastructurally the ovarian tissues appear essentially the same as in the control ovaries. The results indicate that the perfused rabbit ovary, under strictly controlled conditions, can be used as an experimental model for studies of various aspects of ovarian function, including follicular rupture.
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    Monoaminergic neurons of the mudpuppy retina (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 269-282 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoaminergic neurons ; Retina ; Amacrine cells ; Neurotoxins ; Mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus ; Neurotransmitters ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mudpuppy retina was investigated with the histofluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp in normal animals and in animals injected intraocularly with α-methylnoradrenaline, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, or a combination of the two drugs. Catecholaminergic amacrine cells were found to form a thin layer of terminals at the border between the inner nuclear and the inner plexiform layers. Catecholaminergic interplexiform cells were not found. Indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells were also observed. They are fifteen to twenty times more numerous than the catecholaminergic cells, and their terminals occur diffusely throughout the inner plexiform layer. In a number of eyes the majority of the indoleamine-accumulating terminals were eliminated with intraocular injections of the neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, but the reproducibility of this effect was not consistent. Intravitreal injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine were used to label both types of neurons for electron microscopy. They were found to make conventional type synapses on amacrine cells and, less frequently, on bipolar cells.
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    Merkel cells and nerve endings in the labial epidermis of a lizard (1980)
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    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 353-357 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Merkel cells (reptiles) ; Epidermis ; Lizard ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of the labial epidermis of the lizard Lacerta sicula revealed cells displaying all features of Merkel cells. These cells are located in the stratum basale of epidermal pegs and are arranged in clusters.
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    Ultrastructural changes in Paneth cells during hibernation in the ground squirrel Spermophilm lateralis (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 293-301 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cell ; Hibernation ; Intestine ; Hypothermia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of Paneth cells from jejuno-ileal segments of the small intestine of the ground squirrel, S. lateralis, was examined under normal euthermic conditions and during the profoundly depressed metabolic conditions of natural hibernation. Paneth cells obtained from hibernating animals gave evidence of markedly reduced activity when compared to Paneth cells from euthermic animals. In hibernating animals, the nuclei were smaller, with less prominent nucleoli and with an increased proportion of heterochromatin. In hibernating animals, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was fragmentary and poorly organized, in contrast to the typical arrangement of concentric lamellae seen in euthermic animals. Although the total number of ribosomes was decreased in hibernating animals, there were proportionally more free ribosomes than in euthermic animals. Paneth cells from hibernating animals also contained a greater number of apical secretory granules which were smaller and more variable in electron density than granules from control animals. These ultrastructural features indicate that during hibernation the Paneth cell is relatively quiescent.
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    The basement membrane of the insect and crustacean compound eye: Definition, fine structure, and comparative morphology (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 205-214 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eyes ; Insects ; Crustaceans ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basement membrane of the compound eye of four insect species and three crustacean species was investigated employing electron microscopy. The basement membrane consists of an extracellular (basal lamina) and a cellular portion, the latter being composed of the flattened terminal extensions of cone cells and accessory pigment cells in insects and distal pigment cells in crustaceans. Other cells can also contribute to the basement membrane. It is thus a complex structure in all well-developed compound eyes. The cellular contributions vary in different species and were found to correlate to specific taxonomic units.
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    Ultrastructural Identification of gastrin-like immunoreactive nerve fibres in the brain of Xenopus laevis by means of colloidal gold or ferritin immunocytochemical methods (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 581-589 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrin ; CCK ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy ; Xenopus laevis (Amphibia, Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of an anti-gastrin serum and colloidal gold- or ferritin-labelled sheep anti-rabbit γ-globulins, nerve fibres and nerve terminals containing a gastrin-like substance were characterized at the ultrastructural level in the median eminence of Xenopus laevis. These immunoreactive fibres contain neurosecretory granules displaying medium to high electron density and a mean diameter of 75 nm. Labelling intensity varies from granule to granule. This is the first demonstration at the ultrastructural level of the precise location of a gastrin-like hormone in the median eminence of a vertebrate.
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    Ultrastructure of the pars intermedia of the adult sheep hypophysis (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 211-223 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Pars intermedia ; Electron microscopy ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light microscopy of coronal sections of the sheep pars intermedia revealed a compact, incompletely lobulated V-shaped region about 15–20 cells thick, situated between the pars distalis and the pars nervosa. A prominent hypophysial cleft and follicles containing a colloid-like substance were seen. Using electron microscopy, five cell types could be distinguished: pars intermedia glandular cells, pars distalis-like glandular cells, interstitial cells, follicular cells and cleft lining cells. The polyhedral to pear-shaped pars intermedia glandular cells predominated. They contained dense-cored, membrane-bound granules near the Golgi complex, and larger, irregular vesicles with finely granular contents of varying electron density throughout the remaining cytoplasm; exocytotic release of granules was occasionally observed. Smaller numbers of cells resembling those seen in the pars distalis were scattered throughout the pars intermedia. Interstitial cells usually possessed elongated cytoplasmic processes which extended between the glandular cells, and were characterized by deeply indented nuclei, elaborate junctional complexes and an absence of cytoplasmic granules. Cells lining the follicles resembled the interstitial cells. The major cells bordering the hypophysial cleft were triangular in section and bore irregular microvilli on their free surface. The pars intermedia appeared to be less vascular than the remainder of the hypophysis and only occasional fenestrated capillaries were seen. Nerve profiles were rare.
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    Effect of testosterone on the female hamster harderian gland pigmentation and ultrastructure (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 511-517 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Female hamster ; Harderian gland ; Testosterone ; Tubular clusters ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distinct differences occur in the pigmentation and ultrastructural features of the Harderian glands in male and female hamsters. The results of a study on the effect of testosterone on the fine structure of the female Harderian glands are presented here. Glands from three groups of hamsters were examined at intervals up to 49 days: (1) testosterone injected, receiving 2mg testosterone propionate in 0.1 ml sesame oil per day; (2) sham-injected, receiving 0.1 ml sesame oil per day; (3) untreated controls. Testosterone injections caused a reduction in the number of dark-brown pigment granules in the acinar cells starting on the 6th day, whereas clusters of tubules, typical of adult male glands, appeared on the 4th day and increased in number thereafter. Lamellar structures, normally present in the female gland, decreased in testosterone treated specimens. These changes reversed after cessation of testosterone treatment. It is concluded that exogenous testosterone administered to female hamsters modifies the pigmentation and ultrastructure of their Harderian glands towards the male type and that this is a reversable phenomenon. There also appears to be an inverse relationship between the presence of tubular clusters in the acinar cells, and the degree of pigmentation.
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    Microtubules, dendritic spines and spine apparatuses (1980)
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    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 171-181 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Dendritic spine apparatus ; Synapse ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using techniques for enhanced microtubular preservation, including albumin pretreatment (Gray, 1975), occipital cortex of rats was studied electron microscopically at various ages of development. A close structural relationship was seen between microtubules, sacs of SER and the postsynaptic “thickening” in primordial spines and with the dense “plate” material of spine apparatuses. Stereoscopic preparations in addition show a more complicated substructure than previously described for the “plate”. Microtubules may contribute to the formation of the “plate” of the spine apparatus which in turn is associated with the postsynaptic “thickening” of the mature spine. Possible functional correlates are discussed.
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    Survival of satellite cells following exposure to the local anesthetic bupivacaine (Marcaine) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 131-135 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Bupivacaine ; Degeneration ; Satellite cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat lumbrical muscles were incubated in a concentration of 10-2 M bupivacaine for 5 or 15 min and examined after further incubation in the absence of the drug for periods totalling 1, 2, and 3h. Electron microscopy showed that muscle fibers and their component organelles and myonuclei underwent a series of irreversible degenerative changes. However, satellite cells retained their normal morphology under similar conditions. It is concluded that satellite cells are responsible for the rapid regeneration of muscles that follows degeneration induced by bupivacaine. The role of satellite cells in muscle regeneration is discussed.
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    Ultrastructural morphometry of blastogenesis (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 643-649 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: T-lymphocytes ; Blast cells ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary As a companion to an earlier study, the morphometric attributes of stimulated (blast-derived) lymphocytes in mouse axillary lymph nodes have been established using stereological and autoradiographic methods. Blast transformation was induced in vivo with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and stimulated cells were labelled with tritiated thymidine. Random samples of cells were taken for light and electron microscopic morphometry. In comparison to the unstimulated lymphocyte, the stimulated cell increased in size and possessed a greater plasma membrane surface area. Increase in cell size was the result of increases in the volumes of all measured subcellular compartments both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Heterogeneity of the stimulated cell population precludes firm conclusions regarding the significance of all these ultrastructural changes, though alterations in cell surface are discussed in the context of known biochemical differences accompanying blastogenesis.
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    Ultrastructural changes in the urophysis of Mollienesia sphenops following adaptation to seawater (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 135-142 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caudal neurosecretory system ; Poeciliidae ; Electron microscopy ; Salinity changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The urophysis or neurohemal contact site of the caudal neurosecretory system of Mollienesia sphenops, the black molly, was studied in animals adapted to an artificial seawater environment. This species of fish was chosen for these studies because of its known ability to osmoregulate and its adaptability to the laboratory aquarium. The urophysis of freshwater acclimated mollys contained an abundance of neurosecretory granules. However, in fish subjected to a seawater environment for one week the number of neurosecretory granules was significantly decreased. In addition, there was an increase in blood cell infiltration of the urophysis.
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    Studies on the juxtaglomerular apparatus VI. Sympathetic innervation, catecholamines and the renin-angiotensin-system in rats and tree-shrews (Tupaia belangeri) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 375-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Sympathetic innervation ; Renin-angiotensin system ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Tupaia belangeri ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has previously been reported that the primitive primate Tupaia belangeri develops a renal failure when exposed to psychosocial stress. In order to learn if this high susceptibility to stress of the Tupaia kidney can be correlated with morphological and functional parameters of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) and the renin-angiotensin system, comparative experiments were performed on Tupaia and rat. Our results reveal an outstandingly high potency of the JGA and the renin-angiotensin system in Tupaia as evident from the following findings: The Tupaia JGA contains a great number of epithelioid cells abounding in renin granules (electron microscopy). The renin content of the Tupaia kidney is considerably higher than in the rat (radio-immunoassay). The sympathetic innervation of the kidney and especially of the JGA is abundant in Tupaia (fluorescence and electron microscopy). Catecholamine contents of the kidney and other organs are significantly higher in Tupaia than in rats (spectrophotofluorometry). Our results support the previously developed concept of a potent intrarenal neuroendocrine interaction at the JGA level favouring, under certain conditions of social stress, the development of acute renal failure in Tupaia belangeri.
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    Electron microscopic study of the paracortical postcapillary “high endothelial venules” in lymph nodes of the normal calf (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 465-474 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Postcapillary venules ; Calf ; Lymph nodes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the postcapillary “high endothelial venules” (HEV) of lymph nodes in calves was studied light and electron microscopically. These venules were detected light microscopically in the paracortical zone by their high cuboidal endothelium, a distinct basal lamina, the migration of lymphocytes through the vessel wall, and the dominance of lymphoid cells in the lumen, often completely obliterating the latter. Ultrastructurally, the endothelial cells (HEC) of the HEV were characterized by a prominent Golgi complex including many small vesicles, a few lysosome-like bodies, and a specific association between mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (MER). The HEC are connected by desmosomes, whereas the intimate contact points between migrating lymphocytes and endothelial cells could not be classified according to the well-defined junctional types. Lymphocyte migration occurred predominantly intercellularly, i.e., between endothelial cells. Although the overall appearance of the described vessel type in bovines bears resemblance to HEV in other investigated species, several differences occur that most probably are related to species variation.
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    Morphological studies on neuroglia (1981)
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    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 557-568 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Neuroglia ; Silver impregnation ; Brain ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The silver-impregnation procedure of Tsujiyama is suitable for demonstration of all three classical types of neuroglial cells; in the present study it was used for electron microscopic identification of neuroglial cells in the brain of the cat. The aim of the present study was 1) to determine impregnated structural correlates of neuroglial cells at the light- and electron-microscopic levels, and 2) to determine whether the method of Tsujiyama is applicable for the electron microscopic identification of the single types of neuroglial cells. Silver deposits were observed over the cytoplasm and processes of astrocytes where numerous glial filaments were present. Oligodendrocytes and microglial cells may be precisely differentiated by use of Tsujiyama's silver impregnation method at the electron microscopic level due to the pattern of silver-deposition in these two basic types of cells. This silver-impregnation method combined with electron microscopy is thus suitable for a precise identification of neuroglial cells; the technique may prove to be very helpful in identification of such categories of neuroglial cells that encompass also the images of cells which cannot be classified by use of the standard methods.
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    Some observations onHaemohormidium cotti Henry 1910, from the marine fishCottus bubalis euphrasen (1980)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 62 (1980), S. 31-38 
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    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Keywords: Haemohormidium cotti ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Haemohormidium cotti, an organism of uncertain status, is redescribed from one of its type hosts, the marine fish,Cottus bubalis. The parasite occurs as irregularly round, oval, or elongate, intraerythrocytic bodies within blood and tissue preparations. Electron micrographs show features which suggest thatH. cotti may, as previously suspected, belong with the Piroplasmasida but no firm evidence of this is established. Possible division stages are identified in both light and electron micrographs. The taxonomic position ofHaemohormidium is discussed.
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    Babesia microti (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida): Electron microscope detection in salivary glands of the tick vectorIxodes ricinus (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) (1980)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 64 (1980), S. 113-115 
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    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Keywords: Babesia microti ; Electron microscopy ; Ticks ; Ixodes ricinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927061
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    Observations on cytoplasmic transport along ovarian nutritive tubes of polyphagous coleopterans (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 153-161 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic transport ; Insect ovary ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ovarioles of Coccinella and Tenebrio are shown to be telotrophic — a characteristic normally associated with hemipterans rather than coleopterans. They possess an anterior region of trophic cells and a chain of oocytes. The trophic cells are connected with the latter by a series of nutritive tubes, and autoradiography has shown that RNA is transported along the tubes to the oocytes. However, the system in these beetles differs markedly from that of hemipterans in that the nutritive tubes do not contain an extensive complement of aligned microtubules. The significance of this to both the mechanism and the selectivity of transport is discussed.
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    Electron microscopic and histochemical investigations of the atretic oocyte of Perca fluviatilis L. (Teleostei) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 201-212 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atretic oocyte ; Perca fluviatilis ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The regression of atretic oocytes in Perca fluviatilis was studied by histochemical, light and electron microscopic methods. The course of regression can be divided into three stages, the first two comprising the dissolution of the atretic oocyte and its phagocytosis by the granulosa cells of the follicular epithelium, and the third stage consisting of the dissolution of the granulosa cells themselves. The ultrastructure in all three stages shows only features related to phagocytosis and lysosome formation. In particular, there is no agranular endoplasmic reticulum formed within the phagocytically active granulosa cells, nor is there any 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (3β-HSD). Large yellow-orange pigments, formed during the third stage of regression, are ascribed to a relative deficiency of lysosomes in lipid digestion, and do not result from a preceeding steroid-synthesising phase as in mammalian corpora lutea. Thus, the atretic oocyte of P. fluviatilis is considered not to give rise to a corpus luteum formation with endocrine function, but merely represents a degenerative structure.
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    Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)- and glucagon cells in the pancreatic islet of Xiphophorus helleri h. (Teleostei) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 187-198 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) ; Glucagon ; Pancreatic islet ; Xiphophorus helleri ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude immunohistochimique de l'îlot pancréatique du poisson téléostéen Xiphophorus helleri, à l'aide de sérums anti-polypeptide pancréatique (PP) et anti-glucagon a permis de montrer que deux populations cellulaires distinctes sont responsables de la sécrétion de ces hormones. L'observation comparée de coupes sériées, ultrafines et semifines, traitées par la technique immunohistochimique, a démontré que les cellules à PP correspondent aux cellules qui avaient été précédemment définies, dans cette espèce, comme “cellules A2 à grains ronds” et que les cellules sécrétrices de glucagon sont les “cellules A2 à grains cristallins”. L'hypothèse de l'existence de deux catégories de cellules à glucagon chez les téléostéens est abandonnée.
    Notes: Summary Correlative immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies on the pancreatic islet of the teleost fish Xiphophorus helleri using antibodies to pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon show that separate cell types are responsible for the production of these peptides. The PP-cells correspond to the previously described “A2-cells with round granules”, while the “A2-cells with crystalline granules” are the true glucagon cells. An earlier suggestion that there are two types of glucagon cells in teleost islets is therefore withdrawn.
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    The number and arrangement of elements in the lamina cartridge of the dragonfly Sympetrum rubicundulum (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 395-401 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dragonfly visual system ; Lamina ganglionaris ; Monopolar cells ; Optic neuropile ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five monopolar cells and two long visual fibres are a consistent component of the lamina cartridge of the ventral half of the eye of the dragonfly Sympetrum rubicundulum. They communicate with the chiasm via a cartridge axon bundle comprising a minimum of ten fibres. The arrangement of these elements is documented with respect to the ommatidial photoreceptor axon bundle innervating them. These relationships are described both within the lamina cortex and in the cross-section of the underlying cartridge.
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    Lactate sensitive cells in newt kidneys (1980)
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    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 233-239 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Triturus cristatus carnifex ; Erythropoiesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specimens of Triturus cristatus carnifex (Laurenti), raised in 3.2 g/l solution of sodium lactate, presented hypertrophy of “lactate sensitive cells” (LSC) clustered at the vascular pole of each renal corpuscle. As seen under both the light and electron microscopes, these are specialized cells of the Bowman's capsule located at the junction between its visceral and parietal layers. The structure formed by the cells, heretofore unknown, is topographically associated with the juxtaglomerular apparatus. As lactate stimulates erythropoiesis even in normal oxygenated specimens and hypoxia induces hypertrophy of LSC in newts, it is hypothesized that the LSC are the site of erythropoietin (ESF) synthesis. A scheme of ESF biogenesis in newts, integrating the above principles, concludes the paper.
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    Ontogeny and organization of the stationary non-lymphoid cells in the human thymus (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 287-306 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fetal human thymus ; Epithelial cells ; Development and differentiation ; Mesenchymal reticulum cells ; T lymphocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ontogenetic differentiation of the human thymus was investigated in 50 embryos by means of light and electron microscopic methods in an attempt to clarify the morphogenesis of the complicated microecology of thymic tissue. At the 8th gestational week (g.w.), the primordium of the thymus contains almost exclusively undifferentiated epithelial cells. At the 10th g.w., the epithelial cells in the central part are spindle-shaped. During the subsequent weeks the cortical region of the thymus becomes separated into lobes by mesenchymal septa containing hemopoietic precursor cells and large electronlucent cells with irregularly shaped nuclei. The latter cells are also found in the deeper presumptive medullary regions of the thymus; they differentiate into interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC). The permeation of the medulla of the thymus by non-epithelial IDC occurs concurrently with the formation of cortical and medullary epithelial cells. Between the 12th and 14th g.w. the cortical and medullary differentiation is completed. At this time-stage cortical small lymphocytes differ in morphological shape from medullary lymphocytes, the latter acquiring the appearance of immunocompetent T cells and establishing intimate contact with the IDC. These findings indicate that the thymic cortex and medulla contain different epithelial cells. In addition, the thymic medulla displays cells characterized by the morphology of typical interdigitating reticulum cells of peripheral lymphoid tissue. The structural pattern of the thymus is correlated to morphologically differing lymphoid cell populations in the cortical and medullary regions.
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    Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the supraependymal macrophages in the lateral ventricles of the toad brain (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 321-329 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Supraependymal cells ; Macrophages ; Electron microscopy ; Lateral ventricles ; Amphibian brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the lateral ventricles of the toad brain revealed the presence of supraependymal cells that have the features of macrophages. Based solely on their surface morphology three different cell forms could be identified. The most frequently observed cells are flat and multipolar, and have a smooth or ruffled surface. The second type is spherical with a ruffled surface and occurs either singly, in which case it lacks processes, or in clusters from which processes radiate. The third type has surface blebs and numerous thin, smooth processes. However, when specimens that had been examined in the scanning electron microscope are viewed in the transmission electron microscope, all cells appear to belong to a single cell type. All cells viewed closely resemble macrophages in that they contain nuclei with clumped chromaffin, single cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous dense bodies, and many Golgi complexes. In addition, when horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was perfused into the ventricles, reaction product was found a short time thereafter within cytoplasmic vacuoles, and after a longer period within dense bodies. Because of their ultrastructural resemblance to macrophages and their capacity to ingest HRP, we suggest that these cells function as phagocytes and, as such, act to remove foreign materials from the cerebrospinal fluid.
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    Organ culture of the islets of Langerhans from young and senescent rats (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 429-448 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islet of Langerhans ; Aging ; Insulin-secreting cells ; Organ culture ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The B-cells of the endocrine pancreas constitute an adequate model for in vitro study of the aging process in highly differentiated cells. In the present study, collagenase-isolated islets of Langerhans from young and senescent rats were cultured up to 28 days. The response of the B-cells to the stimulatory conditions of the culture medium involved the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules. Correlated data from light microscopy, electron microscopy, and insulin radioimmunoassay show that the differentiation and function of senescent B-cells are maintained in culture, as it has been proven for the B-cells of younger animals. On the other hand, signs of cytological deficiency not directly concerned with the specific function of B-cells were observed: abnormal mitochondria and lysosomes are more numerous in the senescent B-cells. The proliferative capacity of the B-cells of aged rats is reduced.
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    An electron microscopic study of the salivary gland of Rhynchosciara angelae (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 449-461 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rhynchosciara angelae ; Salivary gland ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the salivary gland of the dipteran insect Rhynchosciara angelae in a defined stage of the larval development, characterized by the synthesis and storage of secretion product, is described. Observations were made with both Nomarski optics and electron microscopy. Filiform projections extending into the lumen of the gland were observed in the apical portion of the cells. At the basal region junctions, characterized as hemidesmosomes, were observed between the membrane of the cell and the basal lamina. The plasma membrane presents numerous infoldings into the cell increasing considerably the surface area at this region. Throughout the cytoplasm of the gland cells numerous mitochondria, Golgi complexes, microtubules, profiles of endoplasmic reticulum, secretion granules and glycogen granules were observed. Carbohydrates were detected on ultrathin sections by using the periodic acid-silver methenamine and the periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate techniques.
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    Fibre types in the locomotory muscles of an antarctic teleost, Notothenia rossii (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 143-164 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Locomotory muscle ; Fibre types ; Antarctic fish (Notothenia rossii) ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Energy metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The metabolic and structural differentiation of locomotory muscles of Notothenia rossii has been investigated. In this species sustained locomotion is achieved by sculling with enlarged pectoral fins (labriform locomotion), whilst the segmental myotomal muscle is reserved for burst activity. Red, white and subepidermal fibres can be distinguished in the trunk by histochemical and ultrastructural criteria. The main pectoral muscle (m. adductor profundus) consists entirely of red fibres. These three main fibres types show differences in histochemical staining profiles, capillarization, myofibril shape and packing, and lipid and mitochondrial content. The fractional volume of mitochondria amounts to 38% for pectoral, 30% for red myotomal and 1.9% for white myotomal fibres. Enzyme activities of red pectoral muscle are consistent with a higher potential for aerobic glucose and fatty acid oxidation than for the red myotomal fibres. Mg2+ Ca2+ -myofibrillar ATPase activities are similar for red pectoral and myotomal muscles and approximately half of those white fibres. Specialisations of N. rossii muscles associated with labriform swimming and locomotion at Antarctic temperatures are discussed.
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    The fine structure of the stomach mucosa of the llama (Llama guanacoe) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 207-228 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hind stomach ; Fundic glands ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry ; Endocrine cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithelium of the fundic region mucosa of the hind stomach in the Llama guanacoe has been studied using morphological and histochemical methods. Morphology suggests that solute and water absorption may occur in the epithelium of the surface and of the foveolae, although this absorption can not be estimated because of the extensive secretion of the gastric glands. The same cells of the surface and foveolar epithelium show numerous secretory granules. The glands reveal neck cells, chief cells, a large number of oxyntic cells, four types of endocrine cells (A-like, ECL, D and EC), brush cells and wandering cells. PAS and Alcian blue reactions for light microscopy suggest a secretion of neutral and acidic mucosubstances in the surface and foveolar epithelium, of neutral mucosubstances only in the neck cells. Periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) reaction for electron microscopy confirms the presence of neutral mucosubstances within the secretory granules of the surface, foveolar and neck epithelial cells. In all these cells, the reaction product is also evident within sacculi and vesicles of the maturing surface of the Golgi apparatus. A positive PA-TCH-SP reaction also occurs on the membrane (and not on the contents) of the Golgi apparatus (maturing surface) and of the secretory granules of the chief cells as well as on the membrane of the Golgi apparatus and of apical vesicles and tubules of the oxyntic cells. In addition, silver granules slightly enhance the electron density of the contents of the secretory granules in the endocrine cells. Morphological and histochemical findings are discussed and compared with results described by others for monogastric mammals.
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    The synaptic organization of visual interneurons in the lobula complex of flies (1980)
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    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 371-387 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lobula complex ; Visual interneurons ; Ultrastructure ; Cobalt-impregnations ; Electron microscopy ; Diptera (Calliphora erythrocephala)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synaptic organization of three classes of cobalt-filled and silver-intensified visual interneurons in the lobula complex of the blowfly Calliphora (Col A cells, horizontal cells and vertical cells) was studied electron microscopically. The Col A cells are regularly spaced, columnar, small field neurons of the lobula, which constitute a plexus of arborizations at the posterior surface of the neuropil and the axons of which terminate in the ventrolateral protocerebrum. They show postsynaptic specializations in the distal layer of their lobula-arborizations and additional presynaptic sites in a more proximal layer; their axon terminals are presynaptic to large descending neurons projecting into the thoracic ganglion. The horizontal and vertical cells are giant tangential neurons, the arborizations of which cover the anterior and posterior surface of the lobula plate, respectively, and which terminate in the perioesophageal region of the protocerebrum. Both classes of these giant neurons were found to be postsynaptic in the lobula plate and pre- and postsynaptic at their axon terminals and axon collaterals. The significance of these findings with respect to the functional properties of the neurons investigated is discussed.
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    The pineal complex of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 11-28 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epiphysis cerebri ; Parapineal organ ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Gasterosteus aculeatus L ; Teleostei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal complex of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) was investigated by light and electron microscopy, as well as fluorescence histochemistry for demonstration of catecholamines and indolamines. The pineal complex of the stickleback consists of a pineal organ and a small parapineal organ situated on the left side of the pineal stalk. The pineal organ, including the entire stalk, is comprised mainly of ependymal-type interstitial cells and photoreceptor cells with well-developed outer segments. Both unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibres are present in the pineal organ. Nerve tracts from the stalk enter the habenular and posterior commissures. A small bundle of nerve fibres connects the parapineal organ and the left habenular body. The presence of indolamines (5-HTP, 5-HT) was demonstrated in cell bodies of both the pineal body and the pineal stalk, and catecholaminergic nerve fibres surround the pineal complex.
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    Lipid droplets in the visceral yolk sac endodermal cells of the postimplantation rat embryo: Application of malachite green-glutaraldehyde fixative (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 29-41 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visceral yolk sac ; Lipid droplets ; Malachite green-glutaraldehyde fixative ; Rat embryo ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the visceral yolk sac (VYS) of the rat embryo at day 9.5 of gestation was examined after fixation with either Karnovsky's glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde solution or malachite green-containing glutaraldehyde (MGA) solution. Fixation with MGA retained homogeneously electron-dense droplets in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of endodermal cells, both of which were lost in the specimens prepared by Karnovsky's fixation method. The cytoplasmic MGA-positive droplets were frequently associated with other cytoplasmic organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and membrane-delineated inclusion bodies, but these cytoplasmic organelles never incorporated MGA-positive materials, whereas Golgi apparatus contained intracisternal MGA-positive droplets. Extracellular MGA-positive droplets were also encountered at the apical surface of endodermal cells and in the intercellular space between endodermal cells and the underlying mesodermal cells. These MGA-positive droplets were considered to be lipid in nature, and their origin in the endodermal cells of VYS is discussed.
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    Hypothalamo-hypophysial function following the lesion of tanycytes in the median eminence of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 225-238 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tanycytes ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy ; Rat ; Serum LH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The transport of hormones from the cerebrospinal fluid to the adenohypophysis by the tanycytes of the median eminence was examined in male rats. Electron microscopy revealed that all ependymal cells including the tanycytes disappear or degenerate in rats subjected to electric cauterization of the ependymal layer lining the third ventricle. However, the granular axons in the palisade layer of the median eminence remain intact. In rats subjected to electric lesion, no significant change was found in either the serum-LH level or in the weight of the adenohypophysis, testes, adrenal and thyroid glands. It is concluded that the tanycytes do not participate in the hypothalamic regulation of hypophysial function.
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    Induction of intranuclear microtubules in chick embryo fibroblasts by frog virus 3 (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intranuclear microtubules ; Chick embryo fibroblasts ; Frog Virus 3 ; Electron microscopy ; Tubulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intranuclear microtubules appear in chick embryo fibroblasts upon infection with Frog Virus 3 (FV 3). Both the diameter and the annular shape of the microtubule profiles, established from electron microscopic observations using a goniometer, suggest that they are identical to naturally occurring cytoplasmic microtubules. Furthermore, the use of vinblastine allowed demonstration of the tubulin composition of the intranuclear microtubules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237631
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    The origin of the dendritic reticulum cell (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 279-294 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Germinal center reaction ; Dendritic reticulum cell ; Rabbit spleen ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To obtain more information concerning the origin of dendritic reticulum cells, the development of germinal centers in the spleens of rabbits was investigated by conventional light microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and electron microscopy. Washed sheep erythrocytes were used as antigen. Splenic tissue was examined on the 13th, 18th, 21st, 27th and 48th day after antigen administration. Electron microscopic investigations revealed transitional forms between typical fibroblastic reticulum cells, which formed the framework of the entire splenic white pulp, and typical dendritic reticulum cells. During this transformation, the enzyme histochemical pattern of alkaline phosphatase disappeared and a positive alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reaction appeared in the transformed cells. On the basis of these findings, it is highly likely that dendritic reticulum cells develop through transformation of fibroblastic reticulum cells during the development of germinal centers in rabbit spleens. The characteristic folding of the surface membrane of dendritic reticulum cells is probably caused by the conspicuous increase in size of the Golgi apparatus, the detachment of vesicles, and the uptake of such vesicles by the cell membrane observed electron microscopically during the cellular transformation. Receptors that are of significance in antigen trapping might reach the cell surface in this manner, i.e., with the Golgi vesicles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237632
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    Dense material associated with apparent presynaptic elements in cell cultures of the CNS (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapse ; Synaptogenesis ; Cell culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In cell cultures of the rat cerebellum, electron-dense material has been found occasionally between adjacent cells. More often than not, presynaptic elements on one side of the dense material faced either neuronal or nonneuronal cells on the other side. The 20 nm thick material was stained either with the osmium-uranyl-lead (OsUL) procedure or with the ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA) procedure. To determine the source of the dense material, various compounds were added to cultures at 7 days in vitro. Only a crude nuclear fraction was able to duplicate the appearance of the dense material associated with the apparent presynaptic elements. It was concluded that apparent presynaptic elements were associated with the polybasic dense material and that this type of association may duplicate an interaction in the normal development of synaptic contacts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233726
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    The tight junctions of renal tubules in the cortex and outer medulla (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 395-413 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Distal tubule ; Collecting duct ; Electron microscopy ; Thin sections ; Freeze fracturing ; Tight junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative aspects of tight junction morphology were systematically studied in the cortical and outer medullary segments of the distal urinary tubules of rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog and the primitve primate Tupaia belangeri. Only minor differences in junctional architecture were found between straight and convoluted portions of the distal tubule. In contrast, the collecting duct in cortex and outer medulla, in all species, exhibits the most elaborate tight junctions observed along the uriniferous tubule. The present and previous findings from this laboratory indicate that increasing “tightness” of the junctional complexes is apparent along the course of the nephron in all species studied. The proposed relationship between quantitative aspects of the zonula occludens and presently available values for transepithelial electrical resistance was re-examined for the renal tubules. It was found that for the mammalian kidney a satisfactory correlation exists between the tight junction morphology and presently known functional parameters. This relationship is the more evident the more additional dimensional characteristics of the intercellular clefts are taken into consideration. It may therefore be concluded that, at least for the mammalian kidney, the assumption of differences in the molecular organization of the tight junctions is not needed to explain so far unresolved discrepancies between tubular morphology and function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236506
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    An electron microscopic study on stellate cells in the rabbit adenohypophysis under various endocrine conditions (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 237-246 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stellate cell ; Nongranulated cell ; Adenohypophysis ; Rabbit ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stellate cells in the rabbit adenohypophysis were observed electron microscopically under normal and experimental conditions such as lactation, thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy, or castration. In control animals stellate cells had a scanty cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus and possessed slender processes extending between granulated cells. The processes were interconnected by desmosomes to form a meshwork. In the cytoplasm, abundant microfilaments were present as well as ill-developed ordinary cell organelles, but secretory granules were absent. In the adenohypophysis of experimental groups, in which the granulated cells underwent characteristic changes, stellate cells also showed remarkable morphological alterations which were similar in all groups. In general, they became hypertrophied, and contained a well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Lysosomes or lipid droplets were frequently encountered. Between adjacent stellate cells, intercellular canals were markedly developed and many microvilli were noticed. Based on the above data, it is suggested that the stellate cells are not only sustentacular elements, but play an important role in the function of the adenohypophysis, such as the supply of materials to granulated cells or the disposal of waste products.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234784
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    The programming of silk-gland development in Bombyx mori (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 311-324 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bombyx ; Silk-gland ; Starvation ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cytological development of the silk gland has been studied by light and electron microscopy in silkworms experimentally starved at different periods of the natural feeding stage during the fifth instar. When newly molted animals are not provided with food, no sign of growth is observed. Starvation initiated early during the obligatory feeding period, stops cell growth and development of the organelles involved in protein synthesis and secretion, whereas it induces the appearance of organelles concerned with autolysis. These effects are reversible if starvation is not prolonged beyond two days. Starvation during the facultative feeding period, at the time of massive fibroin production, results in quantitative and qualitative modifications of organelles related to the decrease of fibroin production and the onset of autolysis. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, responsible for fibroin synthesis, forms transitory whorls. Fibroin transport via the Golgi apparatus and secretion of the protein into the gland lumen decrease parallel to fibroin synthesis, so that no fibroin storage can be detected in any organelle. After food deprivation, autophagosomes and secondary lysosomes rapidly develop in the cytoplasm, and if starvation continues portions of the cytoplasm are sequestered and completely destroyed. If animals are refed, fibroin production is resumed and autolysis declines. These ultrastructural alterations of the silk gland during experimental starvation are very similar to those observed during the periods of physiological starvation (molt and cocoon spinning) and generally considered to be under hormonal control. Our results raise the question of the nature of interactions between alimentary and hormonal factors which control silk-gland development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234790
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    Disintegration of spermatozoa in the infundibular sperm-host glands of the fowl (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 81-87 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sperm-host glands ; Spermatozoa ; Fowl ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disintegration of spermatozoa in the infundibular sperm-host glands of the fowl was investigated by electron microscopy. After the 15th day following artificial insemination, secretory granules in the epithelial cells of the sperm-host glands increase in number and size, and subsequently the contents of the granules are released into the glandular lumen, so that the electron density of the lumen increases. At this stage, spermatozoa stored in the glands begin to undergo degenerative changes starting from the head. The heads become distended and chromatin of the nucleus begins to disperse as small masses, simultaneously with the destruction of the acrosome. As the dispersion of chromatin progresses, mitochondria of the middle piece become distended and irregular in shape, and then disintegrate. At the last stage, most of the organelles have disappeared, but the fibrous sheath and axial-filament complex are still identified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235146
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    Fate of spermatozoa that do not participate in fertilization in the domestic fowl (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 89-95 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatozoa ; Vitelline membrane ; Macrophage ; Fowl ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fate of spermatozoa that do not participate in fertilization was investigated by electron microscopy. After artificial insemination, we observed several spermatozoa between the fibers of the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of the ovum. One or more spermatozoa were also found in a phagocytic vesicle of macrophages located in the intercellular space of the mucosal epithelium of the infundibulum or in the outer layer of the vitelline membrane. From these observations, we assume that the superfluous spermatozoa in the lumen of the anterior part of the oviduct might be removed by inclusion into the outer layer of the vitelline membrane and by phagocytosis by macrophages.
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    Hepatocyte differentiation during early fetal development in the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 133-142 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat fetus ; Hepatocyte differentiation ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat hepatocyte differentiation between day 12 and 19 of fetal life was studied by electron microscopy. The cytoplasmic structures involved in synthetic and secretory function, i.e., rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, appear to be the first to differentiate, and their development is probably related to the secretion of different kinds of plasma proteins. The cytoplasmic organelles involved in other hepatic functions develop later: lysosomes from day 15, peroxysomes, glycogen rosettes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum still later. However, the morphological differentiation of bile canaliculi begins from day 12.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236254
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    Fluid transport and dimensions of epithelial cells and intercellular spaces in frog gallbladder (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 223-247 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Active transport ; Supravital microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Preparative cell shrinkage ; Frog gallbladder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphologic findings of widely dilated intercellular spaces in fluid transporting epithelia have been claimed as evidence for the existence of an epithelial compartment in which the coupling between solute and water fluxes takes place. The validity of using epithelial geometry in sectioned material as an argument can be questioned. The present report describes the morphological appearance of frog gallbladder epithelium — normal and ouabain-treated — in the living state in vitro and after fixation, dehydration and embedding. Gallbladder segments were photographed in the living state and at the end of each step of the preparative procedure. Direct observations of whole-mounted gallbladder segments were carried out, taking advantage of the possibility of optical sectioning and high resolution by Nomarski-microscopy. The same specimens were then sectioned and examined by conventional light and electron microscopy. The observations were quantitated and showed that the epithelial cells of normal and ouabain-treated gallbladders experienced an average linear shrinkage down to 70% of their length in Ringer's solution, which corresponds to a volume shrinkage down to 35%. Moreover, dilated lateral intercellular spaces appeared during the dehydration and embedding procedure in normal but only very moderately or not at all in ouabain-treated gallbladder specimens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239111
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    The structure and distribution of satellite cells of cardiac muscles in decapod crustaceans (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 69-83 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Satellite cells ; Cardiac muscle ; Decapod crustaceans ; Distribution ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure and distribution of satellite cells of cardiac muscles were examined in twenty-one species of animals chosen from each tribe within the order Decapoda (Arthropoda, Crustacea). The satellite cells were found in all animals observed. Most of them are morphologically identical with those described in different striated muscles of other species, but some cells have unusual features. The decapod satellite cell occasionally lies right over the region corresponding to the intercalated disc between the apposed cardiac muscle cells. The cell sends cytoplasmic processes into the adjacent muscle cells, enabling the plasma membrane to make close contact with the cleft opening of the intercalated disc, and with the myofibril at the level of the Z-line. Another characteristic feature is the presence of “paired” cells. Such cells are clearly separated from each other over most of the contact area by the respective plasma membranes, which are smooth in appearance and devoid of specialized regions. The significance of the presence of satellite cells in decapod cardiac muscle and its possible role are discussed and compared with those described for other species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210019
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    Immuno-electron-microscopic identification of O-antigen-bearing oligodendroglial cells in vitro (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 313-325 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oligodendroglia ; Cell surface antigens ; Electron microscopy ; Immunoperoxidase ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface antigens of oligodendrocytes (Sommer and Schachner 1980; Schachner et al. 1980) were used to identify this cell type by immuno-electron microscopy in monolayer cultures of fetal and early postnatal mouse cerebellum. The ultrastructural features of antigen-positive cells confirm that they are immature and mature oligodendrocytes, but not neurons, astrocytes or fibroblasts or fibroblast-like cells. Type I oligodendrocytes are the immature ones with a relatively large amount of moderately electron-lucent cytoplasm, clusters of ribosomes and complex networks of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Large numbers of mitochondria and microtubules, but not intermediate-sized filaments are seen in these cells. They comprise more than 90% of all 0-antigen-positive cells. Type II cells comprise only approximately 5% of all 0-antigen-positive cells. They are characterized by a limited amount of electron-dense cytoplasm, which appears more compact and granular than in type I cells. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is distributed evenly throughout the cytoplasm. Microtubules and mitochondria are present, but more difficult to distinguish due to the compactness of the cytoplasm. Type II cells display the more mature ultrastructural features of oligodendrocytes.
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    Muscle cells in a nerve trunk of a frog muscle (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 433-436 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Frog ; Cutaneus pectoris muscle ; Nerve ; Muscle spindle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three muscle fibers were identified by electron microscopy within a nerve of a frog muscle. They resembled extrafusal muscle fibers but were located in an endoneurial rather than in an endomysial compartment. To call these endoneurial muscle fibers the obvious continuation of extrafusal fibers of a muscle spindle is certainly unwarranted; to label these fibers ectopic and to let the matter rest there is probably an understatement of sorts.
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    Intracellular polymerized haemocyanin in the branchial gland of a cephalopod (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 435-438 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Haemocyanin ; Branchial gland ; Electron microscopy ; Eledone moschata ; Cephalopoda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polymerized haemocyanin molecules have been identified as rings, about 25 nm in diameter, forming linear arrays within cytoplasmic vesicles, close to the nucleus. They were observed by transmission electron microscopy in the polygonal cells of the branchial gland of Eledone moschata Lamarck. These observations confirm previous data suggesting that haemocyanin is synthetized in the branchial gland cells of Octopoda.
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    Ultrastructural localization of endogenous peroxidase in the lower respiratory tract of the guinea pig (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 407-415 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endogenous peroxidase ; Trachea ; Lung ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endogenous peroxidase activity was demonstrated by cytochemistry in mucous cells of the submucosal glands and tracheobronchial epithelium of guinea pigs. It is localized in the nuclear envelope, in cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and in secretory granules. It was not seen in Golgi saccules or in the airway lumen. By contrast, all epithelial cells within the lung including mucous (goblet) cells lack activity. Reaction product is also absent from alveolar macrophages and mast cells. The appearance of peroxidase in mucous cells is age-related. No activity was seen at 1.5ms of age. A few mucous cells were positive at 2.5 and 3 ms while the proportion of positive cells increased substantially up to 7 ms. Thus, the age of guinea pigs in HRP transport studies must receive careful consideration in order to avoid misinterpretation of results. The function of mucous cell peroxidase is unknown. The results of this study suggest that it is secreted. Whether it plays a significant role in lung defense through its well documented anti-infectious properties remains to be determined.
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    A possible pathway of chitin synthesis as revealed by electron microscopy in Tetranychus urticae (Acari, Tetranychidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 443-448 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chitin synthesis ; Electron microscopy ; Acari ; Tetranychus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two chitin synthesising systems in Tetranychus urticae are described: one chitosomal system located in the oocytes where spatial and temporal distances are large, and one membrane bound system located in the hypodermis. Similarity of mechanisms of chitin synthesis in animals and plants is suggested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249224
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    Final stages of erythrophagocytosis in the sheep placenta (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 501-518 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Placenta (sheep) ; Cell phagocytosis ; Hemoglobin-derived pigments ; Residual bodies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In trophoblastic epithelial cells of the sheep placenta the final stages of erythrocyte breakdown within the lysosomal apparatus were studied at the ultrastructural level. As a result of hemoglobin digestion lysosomes containing hemoglobin-derived pigments (HDP) were formed. The HDP-lysosomes were acid phosphatase-positive, highly electron-dense bodies of round to irregular shape containing whorled membranous formations. The accumulation of these lysosomes in epithelial cells led to fusion resulting in the formation of conglomerates. At the end of the gestation period the amount of HD Plysosomes and their conglomerates markedly increased. In addition to erythrocytes the trophoblastic epithelial cells in the erythrophagocytic regions phagocytosed maternal leukocytes and neighbouring epithelial cells and giant cells. By gradual accumulation of HDP-lysosomes and remnants of phagocytosed cells, highly electron-dense acid phosphatase-positive residual bodies of variable appearance were formed within the epithelial cells. At the end of pregnancy the spaces between juxtaposed villi of the trophoblastic epithelium in the erythrophagocytic zones were occluded by apposition of the epithelial cells. In these occluded regions an increase in highly electron-dense large-sized residual bodies (15–22 μm of dimension) occurred as a result of multiple cell phagocytosis in combination with fusion. In these residual bodies the numerous incorporated HDP-lysosomes and the remnants of phagocytosed cells could still be recognized.
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    Disaccharidase-deficient animals have normal ultrastructure of intestinal brush border membranes (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 555-559 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Disaccharidases ; Intestinal brush-border membranes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intestinal disaccharidases, lactase, sucrase-isomaltase complex, and glucoamylase are proteins intimately associated with the brush-border membrane of the epithelial cell. These three enzyme activities are found in the intestine of the adult rat; lactase and glucoamylase activities are primarily associated with the intestine of the infant rat. Only glucoamylase and isomaltase activities are detected in the intestine of the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus. The activities of these enzymes are detected only in villus cells, and not in crypt cells. We have carried out electron microscopic studies of negatively stained brush-border preparations of intestinal crypt and villus cells; from the intestine of the 10-day-old rat and from that of the California sea lion. The density of the knob-like structures protruding from the brush-border membranes was not significantly different in any of these preparations. The diameter of the knobs on the preparations from crypt cells was smaller than the diameters of the knobs found on membranes prepared from the other sources. These data are discussed in terms of the relationship between the presence of knob structures and disaccharidase activities associated with the brush-border membranes.
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    Ruthenium red staining and tannic acid fixation of dental basement membrane (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 589-597 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tooth basement membrane ; Ruthenium red ; Tannic acid ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ruthenium red staining and tannic acid fixation were used to analyse the fine structure of embryonic mouse dental basement membrane in intact first mandibular molars or in EDTA-isolated dental papillae. Preameloblasts are separated from extracellular matrix proper by a basal lamina that contains regularly arranged proteoglycan granules of about 10 nm in diameter. This distribution pattern is particularly evident in the inner and outer lamina rara of the basal lamina associated with EDTA-isolated dental papillae. The plasmalemma of preameloblasts demonstrates electron dense plaques on the inner leaflet. Ruthenium red positive granules (50 nm in diameter) coat non-striated and striated fibrils of the matrix. Hyaluronidase treatment digested the ruthenium red positive granules. Tannic acid fixation allowed the demonstration of filaments within the lamina rara interna, connecting the lamina densa with plasmalemma of preameloblasts. These observations are discussed in the context of the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts.
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    Monoamines in the brain of the lancelet, Branchiostoma lanceolatum (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 245-256 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoamines ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Branchiostoma lanceolatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three types of monoamine-containing neurones and fibres can be discriminated in the brain of the lancelet. Two types of elongated cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurones, located in the ventral and the dorsolateral part of the brain, exhibit formaldehyde-induced catecholamine fluorescence. These neurones contain dense-core vesicles 75–100 nm in diameter. Their apical portion possesses cilia, displaying a 9×2+2 arrangement of their internal tubuli, and projecting into the ventricle. Basal processes from the ventrally situated perikarya abut upon the meninx and may discharge their catecholamines into the circulatory system. Fibres exhibiting catecholamine fluorescence originate from the dorsolaterally situated perikarya and run ventrocaudally to the neuropil, where they form numerous swellings of the bouton en passant type. A third type of perikarya in the posterior part of the brain displays specific green fluorescence. Further, neurones characterized by a specific yellow fluorescence are present in the anterior part of the brain and the anterior part of the neural tube. The rapid photodecomposition of the latter fluorophore indicates that these cells contain an indolamine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216729
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    Stage-dependent variations in volume density and size of Sertoli cell vesicles in the rat testis (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 311-320 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sertoli cell (rat) ; Testis ; Vesicles ; Morphometry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Membrane-bounded spherical vesicles found in rat Sertoli cells have been examined quantitatively during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Most of the vesicles were localized to the basal and columnar portions of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. The thin lateral projections of the Sertoli cells contained very few vesicles. Morphometric analysis of the basal portion of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm revealed that the volume density (V v ) of the vesicles changed markedly during the cycle. The V v was at its minimum (0.036) at stage VII and maximum (0.117) at stages XI-I. The vesicles were also smaller at stage VII compared to the vesicles at stages IX-V. The stage-dependent difference in the size of the vesicles was found both in the basal and the columnar portions of the Sertoli cells. At stage VII some of the vesicles appeared to be elongated much like the tubular elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) from which they are probably derived. The stage-dependent differences in volume density and size of the Sertoli cell vesicles may be related to cyclic biochemical variations in the Sertoli cells, and are further indications of a variation in Sertoli cell function during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Whether or not this is due to an “internal” cycle of the Sertoli cell or to influences from adjacent germ cells remains to be determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216735
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    Morphology of regenerated spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Regeneration ; Spinal cord ; Neurons ; Ependyma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tail of the gymnotid Sternarchus albifrons, including the spinal cord, regenerates following amputation. Regenerated spinal cord shows a rostro-caudal gradient of differentiation. Cross sections of the most distal regenerated cord show radially enlarged ependymal cells, relatively undifferentiated cells, and numerous blood vessels. More anterior sections contain well differentiated electromotor neurons, glial cells, and myelinated axons. The number of electromotor-neuron cell bodies in cross sections of regenerated spinal cord is three to six times the number in nonregenerated cord. Distinct tracts of axons, easily identifiable in normal cord, are not distinguishable in cross sections of regenerated cord. Some reorganization of the spinal cord also appears to take place anterior to the site of transection. Individual electromotor neurons in the regenerated spinal cord have morphologies largely similar to those of normal electrocytes, i.e., cell bodies are rounded, lack dendrites, have synapses characterized by gap junctions with presynaptic axons, and lack an unmyelinated initial segment. The presence of electromotor neurons with normal morphology in regenerated spinal cord correlates with the re-establishment of relatively normal electrocyte axonSchwann cell relationships in the regenerating electric organ of this sternarchid.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210014
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    Myelinated Herring bodies in the posterior part of the median eminence of the mouse (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 209-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Herring bodies ; Median eminence ; Myelinated axons ; Mouse ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The posterior part of the median eminence of the albino mouse (CF # 1-JCL) contains a cluster of myelinated axons beneath the tanycyte layer. Among them, small Herring bodies surrounded by myelin sheaths are revealed by electron microscopy. These structures contain electron-dense bodies, lamellar bodies, autophagic bodies, autophagic vacuoles, and neurofilaments. A few neurosecretory granules and mitochondria are also present. Some myelinated axons contain mostly accumulated neurosecretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210029
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    Morphometric parameters of the midgut cells of Aedes aegypti L. (Insecta, Diptera) under various conditions (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 619-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mosquito strains ; Blood digestion ; Serum digestion ; Proteolytic activity ; Ribosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Frühere morphometrische und biochemische Untersuchungen erbrachten teilweise unterschiedliche Resultate betreffend Verteilung freier und membrangebundener Ribosomen in Mitteldarmzellen von Aedes aegypti. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde morphometrisch untersucht, ob diese Unterschiede bedingt waren durch die Verwendung verschiedener Mückenstämme, unterschiedlichen Futters und verschiedener Narkosemethoden durch die beiden Arbeitsgruppen, oder ob methodische Einflüsse dafür verantwortlich waren. Die meisten Zellparameter im Magenepithel von A. aegypti, Stamm „Rockefeller”, wie auch ihre Änderungen während der Verdauung eines Blutmahls, entsprachen den für einen andern Aedes-Stamm (Segemaganga, Hecker und Rudin 1979) gemessenen Werten und stimmten im allgemeinen mit denjenigen für Anopheles stephensi (Hecker 1978) überein. Die proteolytische Aktivität gegen Casein war bei beiden Stämmen gleich mit einem Aktivitäts-Maximum um 30h nach Blutmahl. Bei der Verdauung von menschlichem Serum konnte keine Zunahme des Verhältnisses von membrangebundenen zu freien Ribosomen, keine signifikante Oberflächenvergrößerung des rauhen endoplasmatischen Retikulums und keine signifikante Erhöhung der Zahl gebundener und freier Ribosomen gemessen werden. Die Proteaseaktivität war deutlich schwächer als während der Verdauung von Blut. Betäubung der Mücken vor der Sektion mit Aether oder durch Schütteln in Reagenzgläsern ergab im Vergleich keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Zellparameter von Zuckerwasser-gefütterten Weibchen, die drei Tage nach dem Schlüpfen untersucht wurden. Unterschiede in den Ribosomenparametern, die mit morphometrischen Methoden (Hecker und Rudin 1979) einerseits und biochemischen (Gander et al. 1980) andererseits untersucht wurden, konnten nur teilweise durch die Wahl unterschiedlichen Futters für die Mücken durch die beiden Arbeitsgruppen erklärt werden. Es müssen zusätzlich methodische Einflüsse für diese Unterschiede verantwortlich sein.
    Notes: Summary Previous morphometric or biochemical investigations have yielded different data on the distribution of free and membrane-bound ribosomes in midgut cells of Aedes aegypti. In the present paper ribosomal distribution has been morphometrically analysed to determine whether different mosquito strains, different food and different narcosis used in these previous studies, and/or methodological errors, could account for the different results. Most of the cellular parameters in the stomach epithelium of female A. aegypti, strain Rockefeller, and their changes during blood digestion, are comparable to those measured for another Aedes strain (Segemaganga, Hecker and Rudin 1979), and are generally similar to those of Anopheles stephensi (Hecker 1978). Proteolytic activity against casein is similar for both Aedes strains with a maximum activity being registered around 30 h after a blood meal. During digestion of human serum there is no increase in the ratio of membranebound to free ribosomes, and no significant increase in the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum or of the number of bound or free ribosomes. Proteolytic activity is distinctly lower than during blood digestion. Immobilization of mosquitoes prior to dissection by ether narcosis or by shaking in a test tube has no significant influence on cellular parameters in females fed on sugar solution and investigated 3days after emergence. It is concluded that the differences in ribosomal parameters previously obtained by morphometrical (Hecker and Rudin 1979) and biochemical (Gander et al. 1980) methods, can only partly be explained by the selection of different food for the mosquitoes, and must also have been caused by methodological inadequacies.
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    Reversible changes in nuclear and cell surface topography in cells exposed to collagenase and EDTA (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 51-60 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cultured cells ; Detachment procedures ; Nuclear and cell surface ; Cytoskeleton ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rabbit auricular chondrocytes, SIRC cells, human fibroblasts, and HeLa cells were cultivated in vitro and the fine structural effects of various detachment procedures studied. Treatment with collagenase, trypsin, and trypsin-EDTA caused scalloping of the nuclear envelope, accumulation of phagolysosomes, and an increase in the number of cell surface extensions. Collagenase-EDTA evoked a marked deformation of the nuclei with formation of numerous deep indentations and a redistribution of heterochromatin. Similarly, the cell surface became extensively folded and the vacuolation of the cytoplasm was further increased. These changes were reversible and within 24 h the cells had regained a normal structure. In all cases, chondrocytes and SIRC cells were most prominently affected, whereas fibroblasts and HeLa cells were only slightly changed. Treatment of chondrocytes with colchicine or cytochalasin B did not produce any effects of the type mentioned above. Neither did treatment with the drugs before and during detachment with collagenase-EDTA prevent the structural modification of the cells. It therefore seems unlikely that micro tubules and micro filaments are essential for this process. The structural changes occurring during detachment of cells could represent an adoptive mechanism for disposal of excessive membrane in connection with transition from a flattened to a rounded shape.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209965
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    Systematische Fehler bei der Selenbestimmung im ng/g-Bereich in biologischen Matrices nach dem Hydrid-AAS-Verfahren (1980)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 300 (1980), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Selen in Biolog. Material ; Spektralphotometrie ; Atomabsorption ; Hydridverfahren ; Systemat. Fehler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vier biologische Standardreferenz-substanzen (NBS und IAEA) werden mit zwei unterschiedlichen Aufschlußmethoden, einem Naßaufschluß mit einem HNO3/HClO3/HClO4-Gemisch nach optimiertem Temperatur-Zeit-Programm sowie einer Verbrennungsmethode im Sauerstoffstrom (Trace-O-Mat), mineralisiert und die Selengehalte der Aufschlußlösungen nach der Hydrid-AAS-Methode bestimmt. Dabei treten gegenüber den zertifizierten Selengehalten mit zunehmender Einwaage Minusbefunde auf, die — von den Aufschlußmethoden unabhängig — auf sich addierende Querstörungen durch Begleitelemente im μg/g-Bereich bei der Selenhydridbildung zurückzuführen sind, wie bereits an anderer Stelle [3] beschrieben wurde.
    Notes: Summary Four biological standard-reference materials (NBS and IAEA) were mineralized with two independent decomposition methods — a wet decomposition with a mixture of HNO3/HClO3/HClO4 using an optimized temperature-time programme, and a combustion method in an oxygen stream (Trace-O-Mat). The selenium contents of the decomposition solutions were determined by the hydride-AAS method. The selenium concentrations were in agreement with the certified values at low sample weights, but decreased as the sample weights were increased. This effect is independent of the decomposition method, but is caused by interferences of concomitant elements in the μg/g-range with the formation of selenium hydride, as has been previously discussed [3].
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498709
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    Spektrophotometrische Bestimmung von Benzophenon im Urin (1980)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 300 (1980), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Benzophenon in Harn ; Spektralphotometrie ; UV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498715
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    Automatic determination of total carbohydrates in sea water (1980)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 17-19 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kohlenhydraten in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; AutoAnalyzer, Meerwasser, Tryptophan-Schwefelsäure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The recommended method is based on the l-tryptophane/sulphuric acid reaction and has been adapted for a continuous flow system with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer. A supplementary run (cold run) is required with more than 10μmol/l of nitrate. The presence of acetone or formaldehyde must be avoided. Total carbohydrates can be determined by this method within the range of 0.02–5mg/l. The relative coefficient of variation at the 1 mg/l level is 0.25 % (glucose).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die empfohlene Methode basiert auf der l-Tryptophan-Schwefelsäure-Reaktion und wurde dem Durchflußsystem des Technicon AutoAnalyzers angepaßt. Bei einem Nitratgehalt von mehr als 10μmol/l ist zur Feststellung einer Korrektur ein zusätzlicher »kalter« Durchlauf notwendig. Aceton oder Formaldehyd dürfen nicht anwesend sein. Die Bestimmung kann im Bereich von 0.02–5 mg/l erfolgen und weist einen relativen Variationskoeffizienten von 0.25 % bei 1 mg/l auf (Glucose).
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    A ppb spectrophotometric method for the determination of cobalt, using solochrome red B (1980)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 26-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt ; Spektralphotometrie ; Solochromrot B, ppb.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481269
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    Flow-through determination of sulphate in water using different methods: A comparison (1980)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 300 (1980), S. 273-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Sulfat in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Durchflußsysteme, Methodenvergleich
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Sulphate was determined in various kinds of environmental samples using a continuous-flow system, a flow-injection system or a flow-through titrimeter. The reagents in the three cases consisted basically of DMSA(III), KNO3 and Ba(ClO4)2. The results of the three methods were evaluated statistically. A comparison of the three methods is given. The advantage of the DSMA(III)-methods is shown in a comparison with the commonly used thorin method.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bestimmung von Sulfat in unterschiedlichen Umweltwasserproben wurde mit drei verschiedenen Systemen vorgenommen: mit continuous-flow und flow-injection Durchflußsystemen und mit einem Durchflußtitrimeter. Die Reagentien bei den drei Bestimmungen waren DMSA(III), KNO3 und Ba(ClO4)2. Die Ergebnisse wurden statistisch ausgewertet und die Methoden miteinander verglichen. Die DMSA(III)-Verfahren sind der weit verbreiteten Thorin-Methode vorzuziehen.
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    Chromogene und fluorogene Substrate für Nachweis und Bestimmung von α-Amylasen (1980)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 169-170 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Amylase in Blutserum, Harn ; Spektralphotometrie ; Amylase-Isozyme auf Gelplatten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00467806
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    Erwiderung zum Kommentar von J. Erzinger und H. Puchelt zur Arbeit: “Rapid Determination of Boron Traces in Silicate Materials” von A. Farzaneh, G. Troll* und W. Neubauer (1980)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 437-438 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Bor in Silicaten ; Spektralphotometrie ; Stellungnahme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00475758
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    Photometrische Bestimmung von Wasser in Pyridin, Dimethylsulfoxid und N,N-Dimethylformamid mittels 5-Isothiocyanato-1,3-dioxo-2-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benz[de]isochinolin (1980)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 302 (1980), S. 204-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Wasser in Pyridin, Dimethylsulfoxid, N,N-Dimethylformamid mit Isothiocyanatodioxotolyldihy-drobenzisochinolin ; Spektralphotometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470998
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    Spectrophotometric determination of bromide in aqueous solutions (1980)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 28-29 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Bromid in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Chloramin T, Fluorescein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481271
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    Spectrophotometric determination of chromium as the chromium-peroxo-4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol complex (1980)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 304 (1980), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Chrom ; Spektralphotometrie ; Peroxopyridylazoresorcin-Komplex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The ternary complex chromium-peroxo-PAR exhibits an apparent molar absorptivity of 6280 l mol−1 cm−1 when extracted into ethyl acetate from 0.1 M sulfuric acid solution. Beer's law is followed for solutions containing up to 6.0 μg Cr ml−1. Conditions for optimum color formation, complex composition, effects of diverse ions, and application to the determination of chromium in steels are described.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der ternäre Chrom-Peroxo-PAR-Komplex weist einen scheinbaren molaren Extinktionskoeffizienten von 6280 l · mol−1 · cm−1 auf, wenn er aus 0,1 M schwefelsaurer Lösung mit Ethylacetat extrahiert wird. Das Beersche Gesetz wird bis zu 6,0 μg Cr/ml befolgt. Die Bedingungen für eine optimale Farbbildung, die Zusammensetzung des Komplexes, die Wirkung verschiedener Begleitionen und die Anwendung auf Stähle werden beschrieben.
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    Zur Untersuchung von Nitroparaffinen durch Überführung in Hydroxamsäuren (1981)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 305 (1981), S. 413-414 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nitroparaffinen, prim. ; Spektralphotometrie ; Überf. in Hydroxamsäuren, Vanadium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483214
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    Extraction-spectrometric determination of antimony with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (1981)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 306 (1981), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Antimon mit Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The optimum conditions for the antimony(V) extraction in strong hydrochloride acid medium as a ternary ion-associated complex with triphenyltetrazolium chloride have been investigated. The extraction constant has been determined with dichlorethene and chloroform (1∶1) (K ex =3.06×104). A working procedure for the determination of antimony has been developed. Interferences are only caused by iron(III), gold(III), thallium(III) and gallium. The application of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of metallic lead, which has also been carried out with two other methods (AAS and spectrophotometry with crystal violet). The new method is superior in reliability and accuracy. The relative standard deviation of the mean is ± 7.4%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die optimalen Bedingungen für die Extraktion von Antimon aus stark salzsaurer Lösung als Ionenanlagerungskomplex mit Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid wurden bestimmt. Die Extraktionskonstante bei Extraktion mit einer Dichlorethan-Chloroform-Mischung (1∶1) beträgt (K ex =3,06·104). Für die Antimonbestimmung wurde eine entsprechende Methode ausgearbeitet. Nur Fe(II), Au(III), Tl(III) und Ga(III) stören. Die Anwendung der Methode wurde an Hand der Analyse von metallischem Blei demonstriert, die zusätzlich auch nach zwei anderen Methoden (AAS und Spektralphotometrie mit Kristallviolett) durchgeführt wurde. Die neue Methode ist in bezug auf Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit überlegen. Die relative Standardabweichung des Mittelwertes beträgt ± 7,4%.
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    Spektralphotometrische Bestimmung von Kobalt mit 2-(5-Brom-2-pyridylazo)-5-Diethylaminophenol (1981)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 306 (1981), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt in Cyanocobalamin, Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; 5-Brom-PADAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine empfindliche und selektive spektralphotometrische Kobaltbestimmung (〈0,9 μg ml−1) ist mit 2-(5-Brom-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Brom-PADAP) auf Grund des kinetisch stabilen Co(III)L 2 − -Chelates möglich, das nach seiner Bildung bei pH 7 (Ammoniumacetat) in Gegenwart von 0,1% Triton X-100, 5,10−3 M Ammoniumperoxodisulfat und 10% (v/v) Dimethylformamid (auch nach Zugabe von 1,25 M H2SO4, 1,80 M HNO3 oder auch 0,1–0,01 M EDTA) stabil ist. Eine Reihe von 5-Brom-PADAP-Chelaten störender Ionen werden dabei zersetzt. V(V), Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Pd2+ können stören. Die Kobaltbestimmung in Cyanocobalamin und auch Trinkwasser ist auf diesem Wege möglich. Die Fehler lagen im Bereich von — 3 bis — 7 % (1,8–9 μg Co/l).
    Notes: Summary A sensitive and selective determination of cobalt (〈0.9 μg ml−1) with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Bromo-PADAP) is carried out at pH7 in the presence of ammonium acetate buffer, 5×10−3M ammonium peroxodisulphate, 0.1% Triton X-100 and 10% (v/v) dimethylformamide. The kinetically inert Co(III)L 2 − chelate, if once formed at pH 7 is stable over a broad pH interval for a certain period (in 1.25 M H2SO4, 1.80 M HNO3 or 0.1–0.01 M EDTA, where many other 5-Bromo-PADAP chelates are destroyed). V(V), Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Pd2+ can interfere. Determination of cobalt in cyanocobalamine and potable waters is possible in this way. Errors are between — 3 and — 7% (1.8–9 μg Co/l).
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    Spectrophotometric determination of niobium in steel by means of p-sulphobenzeneazo-4-(2,3-dihydroxypyridine) (1981)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 306 (1981), S. 401-401 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Niob in Stahl ; Spektralphotometrie ; Sulfobenzolazodihydroxypyridin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00468657
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    Determination of proteins in the presence of large quantities of sodium-dodecyl-sulphate and mercapto-ethanol by a modified biuret-method (1981)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 431-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Proteinen ; Spektralphotometrie ; Gegenwart von Dodecylsulfat und Mercaptoethanol, modif. Biuretmethode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The biuret method was modified to tolerate the presence of 100 mg of SDS and 21 mg of ME in a sample volume of 500 μl. The modification concerns in particular the concentrations of copper sulphate and sodium citrate, an addition of propanol-2 for preventing precipitation of SDS and use of H2O2 for oxidizing ME. The determination of SDS-soluble proteins in starch-containing solutions is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Weiterentwicklung der „SDS-Biuretmethode“ [15] wird beschrieben. Die Modifikation betrifft hauptsächlich die Konzentrationen von Kupfersulfat und Natriumcitrat, einen Zusatz von Propanol-2 zur Verhinderung einer Fällung von SDS sowie die Verwendung von H2O2 zur Oxidation von ME. Die Methode toleriert bis zu 100 mg SDS und 21 mg ME im eingesetzten Probenvolumen (500 μl). Eine Möglichkeit zur Durchführung der Bestimmung in Gegenwart von Stärke wird beschrieben und diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00466078
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    Electronic Resource
    Spectrophotometric determination of trichlorofluoromethane in air (1981)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 309 (1981), S. 400-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Trichlorfluormethan in Luft ; Spektralphotometrie ; Pyridin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00473733
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