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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lifecycles of Pathogenic Protists in Humans (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Parasitology. ; Veterinary microbiology. ; Microbiology. ; Medical microbiology. ; Parasitology. ; Veterinary Microbiology. ; Microbiology. ; Medical Microbiology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Life Cycle of Pathogenic Protists: Trypanosoma Cruzi -- Progress in Research on African Trypanosomes: Highlights from an Exceptional Decade -- Leishmania and Their Vertebrate Host Cells -- The Actual Knowledge of the Biology of the Leishmania-Sandfly Vector Interaction -- Plasmodium: Vertebrate Host -- Cellular and Molecular Interactions of Plasmodium with Mosquito Vectors -- Cryptosporidium -- Toxoplasma Gondii: Asexual Cycle in the Intermediate Host -- Toxoplasma Gondii: Detailed Description of the Coccidian (Asexual and Sexual) Development and Oocyst Sporulation -- Entamoeba Histolytica and Entamoeba Dispar -- Cell Biology of the Life Cycle of Giardia Intestinalis -- Trichomonas Vaginalis: Lifestyle, Cellular Biology, and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis. .
    Abstract: This volume covers the most important parasitic protists that are known to infect humans. The pathogens discussed cause diseases like toxoplasmosis, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, leishmaniasis, amoebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis. Readers from microbiology will appreciate the special focus on protist cell biology. As demonstrated in several of the chapters, these parasites are characterized by peculiar structures and organelles that cannot be found in mammalian cells – even though both are eukaryotic. The book employs light and electron microscopy to display the changing morphology in various stages of parasitic development. In turn, the results are supplemented by transcriptome and proteome profiles that help to describe how these changes take place on a molecular level. Both researchers and clinicians from tropical medicine will find essential and practically applicable background information on these increasingly important pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 618 p. 10 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030806828
    Series Statement: Microbiology Monographs, 35
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80682-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80682-8
    DDC: 571.999
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization of the cytostome in Trypanosoma cruzi by high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy using secondary and backscattered electron imaging (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 242 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: High resolution scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface of epimastigote, amastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Significant differences were observed between these forms and in different areas of the same cell. The cytostome found in amastigote and epimastigote forms could be easily visualized in images, which resemble those obtained only using the freeze-fracture technique. In contrast to other areas of the cell surface, the region of the cytostome, localized close to the flagellar pocket, showed a rugous surface and an opening with a diameter of 90 nm. Gold-labeled concanavalin A binds to the whole cell surface. However, the extent of binding was much higher in the region of the cytostome. The results obtained show that high resolution scanning electron microscopy is a powerful technique for analyzing the surface of protozoa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical detection of DNA and RNA in endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 221 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Research about the kinetoplast of trypanosomatids has yielded valuable information about the organization of extranuclear structure. However, the ultrastructural localization of nucleic acids within these protozoa remains uncertain. We have applied cytochemical and immunocytochemical approaches to precisely identify DNA and RNA in lower endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids. Using the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) immunogold technique, we showed that nuclear DNA is seen associated with the nuclear envelope during the trypanosomatid cell cycle. By combining the TdT technique with the acetylation method, which improves the contrast between structures containing fibrils and granules, we have demonstrated that the nucleolus of endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids is composed of two constituents: a granular component and a DNA-positive fibrillar zone. Moreover, we revealed that DNA of endosymbiotic bacteria consisted of electron-dense filaments which are usually in close contact with the prokaryote envelope. Using a Lowicryl post-embedding immunogold labeling procedure with anti-RNA antibodies, we showed the presence of RNA not only over the cytoplasm, the interchromatin spaces and the nucleolus, but also over the kinetoplast and virus-like particles present in Crithidia desouzai.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00087-9
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric and densitometric study of the biogenesis of electron-dense granules in Fonsecaea pedrosoi (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 173 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fonsecaea pedrosoi is a polymorphic pathogenic fungus, etiological agent of chromoblastomycosis, that synthesizes a melanin-like pigment. Although this pigment has been described as a component of the outer layers of the cell wall, electron-dense cytoplasmic bodies have also been visualized. In this work, we have correlated the appearance of intracellular electron-dense granules with the melanization process in F. pedrosoi. For this, conidial forms were grown under conditions where melanin was not synthesized. Afterwards, cells were incubated in Hank's medium supplemented with bovine fetal serum, at 37°C, to stimulate the pigment production. The genesis of cytoplasmic bodies, with different stages of electron density, was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. The appearance of fungal acidic compartments, visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy in cells stained with acridine orange, was time coincident with the formation of electron-dense granules observed by transmission electron microscopy. The quantification of granule numbers as well as morphometric and densitometric studies were performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13531.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a reservosome fraction from Trypanosoma cruzi (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 214 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Reservosomes are acidic compartments present at the posterior region of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi that store proteins and lipids. During metacyclogenesis, they consume their contents and disappear. Reservosomes are rich in cruzipain, the main proteolytic enzyme of this parasite. By centrifugation in a sucrose gradient, we have obtained a highly purified subcellular fraction containing reservosomes from 5-day-old Y strain epimastigotes. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the fraction contained well-preserved organelles. The protein profile of the organelle analyzed by SDS–PAGE depicted a wide range of protein bands, predominating those corresponding to a triplet of 60–51 kDa and a doublet of 25–23 kDa. Protease activity in substrate-containing gels, in the presence or absence of protease inhibitors, showed that cysteine proteinase is enriched and very active in the purified fraction. Enzymatic assays demonstrated the absence of pyrophosphatase, an acidocalcisome marker, and succinate cytochrome c reductase, a mitochondrial marker, although these enzymes were active in other regions of the purification sucrose gradient. Thin layer chromatographic neutral lipid analysis of purified reservosomes demonstrated that the organelle stores large amounts of ergosterol and esterified cholesterol. Phospholipid analysis indicated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major constituents of reservosome membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11317.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endosymbiosis in protozoa of the Trypanosomatidae family (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 173 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A small number of trypanosomatids present bacterium endosymbionts in the cytoplasm, which divide synchronously with the host cell. Crithidia oncopleti, Crithidia deanei, Crithidia desouzai, Blastocrithidia culicis and Herpetomonas roitmani are the best characterized species. The endosymbiont is surrounded by two membranes separated from each other by an electron-lucent space. The presence of the endosymbiont led to the appearance of morphological changes which include the lack of the paraflagellar rod associated to the axoneme, the morphology of the kinetoplast and the association of the sub-pellicular microtubules with portions of the protozoan plasma membrane. Aposymbiotic strains could be obtained by antibiotic treatment, opening the possibility to make comparative analysis of endosymbiont-containing an endosymbiont-free populations of the same species. It is clear that metabolic cycles are established between the prokaryiont and the host cell. The results obtained show that endosymbiont-containing species of trypanosomatids constitute an excellent model to study basic processes on the endosymbiont–host cell relationship and the origin of new organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13477.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haem detoxification by an insect (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 400 (1999), S. 517-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Haem is involved in many biological reactions, including oxygen transport, respiration and photosynthesis. In the free state, however, haem can generate reactive oxygen species that can damage biological molecules. It can also disrupt the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes. In Plasmodium ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/22910
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane-Associated Polysaccharides Composition, Nutritional Requirements and Cell Differentiation in Herpetomonas roitmani: Influence of the Endosymbiont (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 41 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Herpetomonas roitmani, a trypanosomatid containing a bacterial endosymbiont, was cured by high doses of chloramphenicol. Wild-type and cured flagellates were compared as to polysaccharide composition, nutritional requirements and cellular differentiation. Fucose (18.0%), xylose (15.7%), mannose (38.9%), galactose (10.8%), glucose (16.4%) and inositol (〈 1.0%) were identified as polysaccharide components of cured H. roitmani as assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. However, the wild-type strain displayed a markedly different sugar profile, in that xylose was absent and inositol preferentially synthesized, whereas the other monosaccharide components remained unchanged. Variations in nutritional pattern also occurred between both strains. The bacterial endosymbiont seems to provide the flagellates with nutritional factors, including usual amino acids, vitamins, purine (as adenine) and hemin. The process of cell differentiation was also significantly influenced by the endosymbiont. Opisthomastigote forms predominate (72.0%) in cured as compared with wild-type H. roitmani (37.0%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1994.tb05934.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Domains in the Pathogenic Protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 39 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The quick-freezing and freeze-etching techniques were used to analyze surface domains of Tritrichomonas foetus. The surface of the protozoan body was not smooth, presenting surface projections, except on the flagellar surface. Images of the actual surface of the anterior flagella revealed the presence of intramembranous particles that form rosettes, as observed on the protoplasmic fracture face. They may represent integral transmembrane proteins exposed at the cell surface. Surface specializations were also observed at the flagella base and where the recurrent flagellum attaches to the cell body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb04835.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural Visualization of Lipids in Trypanosomatids (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An imidazole-buffered osmium tetroxide solution was used to visualize lipids at the ultrastructural level in the following members of the family Trypanosomatidae: Trypanosoma cruzi, T. dionisii, T. vespertilionis, T. rangeli, Crithidia deanei, C. fasciculata, C. oncopelti, and Blastocrithidia culicis. Electron-dense material was seen in various lipid droplets found in all parasites and in the multivesicular structure of members of the sub-genus Schizotrypanum. High contrast of some membranes, mainly those which enclose the mitochondrion, the nucleus, and the endoplasmic reticulum, was observed even in unstained sections. X-ray microanalysis confirmed that the electron density of lipid droplets of B. culicis and membrane-bounded dense granules of C. oncopelti was due to the presence of osmium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03160.x
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