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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lifecycles of Pathogenic Protists in Humans (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Parasitology. ; Veterinary microbiology. ; Microbiology. ; Medical microbiology. ; Parasitology. ; Veterinary Microbiology. ; Microbiology. ; Medical Microbiology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Life Cycle of Pathogenic Protists: Trypanosoma Cruzi -- Progress in Research on African Trypanosomes: Highlights from an Exceptional Decade -- Leishmania and Their Vertebrate Host Cells -- The Actual Knowledge of the Biology of the Leishmania-Sandfly Vector Interaction -- Plasmodium: Vertebrate Host -- Cellular and Molecular Interactions of Plasmodium with Mosquito Vectors -- Cryptosporidium -- Toxoplasma Gondii: Asexual Cycle in the Intermediate Host -- Toxoplasma Gondii: Detailed Description of the Coccidian (Asexual and Sexual) Development and Oocyst Sporulation -- Entamoeba Histolytica and Entamoeba Dispar -- Cell Biology of the Life Cycle of Giardia Intestinalis -- Trichomonas Vaginalis: Lifestyle, Cellular Biology, and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis. .
    Abstract: This volume covers the most important parasitic protists that are known to infect humans. The pathogens discussed cause diseases like toxoplasmosis, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, leishmaniasis, amoebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis. Readers from microbiology will appreciate the special focus on protist cell biology. As demonstrated in several of the chapters, these parasites are characterized by peculiar structures and organelles that cannot be found in mammalian cells – even though both are eukaryotic. The book employs light and electron microscopy to display the changing morphology in various stages of parasitic development. In turn, the results are supplemented by transcriptome and proteome profiles that help to describe how these changes take place on a molecular level. Both researchers and clinicians from tropical medicine will find essential and practically applicable background information on these increasingly important pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 618 p. 10 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030806828
    Series Statement: Microbiology Monographs, 35
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80682-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80682-8
    DDC: 571.999
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haem detoxification by an insect (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 400 (1999), S. 517-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Haem is involved in many biological reactions, including oxygen transport, respiration and photosynthesis. In the free state, however, haem can generate reactive oxygen species that can damage biological molecules. It can also disrupt the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes. In Plasmodium ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/22910
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P-type Proton ATPases are Involved in Intracellular Calcium and Proton Uptake in the Plant Parasite Phytomonas francai (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The use of digitonin to permeabilize the plasma membrane of promastigotes of Phytomonas francai allowed the identification of two non-mitochondrial Ca2+ compartments; one sensitive to ionomycin and vanadate (neutral or alkaline), possibly the endoplasmic reticulum, and another sensitive to the combination of nigericin plus ionomycin (acidic), possibly the acidocalcisomes. A P-type (phospho-intermediate form) Ca2+-ATPase activity was found to be responsible for intracellular Ca2+ transport in these cells, with no evidence of a mitochondrial Ca2+ transport activity. ATP-driven acidification of internal compartments in cell lysates and cells mechanically permeabilized was assayed spectrophotometrically with acridine orange. This activity was inhibited by low concentrations of vanadate and digitonin, was insensitive to bafilomycin A1, and stimulated by Na+ ions. Taken together, our results indicate that P-type ATPases are involved in intracellular Ca2+ and H+ transport in promastigotes of P. francai.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.3309rr.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of lectin-binding sites on the surface of Trypanosoma cruzi grown in chemically defined conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 110 (1998), S. 527-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The transformation of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes to mammal-infective metacyclic trypomastigotes (metacyclogenesis) can be performed in vitro under chemically defined conditions (TAU 3AAG medium). During this process, changes in the nature of cell surface sugar composition and sugar distribution was evaluated using FITC and gold-labeled lectins and observed by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. The pattern of labeling with the lectins from Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Limax flavus (LFA), Canavalia ensiformis (Con-A), and Ricinus communis (RCA-I) significantly changed during the metacyclogenic process. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the role played by T. cruzi cell surface carbohydrate residues on the process of parasite–host cell interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050314
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutation Testing Applied to Estelle Specifications (1999)
    Springer
    Software quality journal 8 (1999), S. 285-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1367
    Keywords: specification-based testing ; mutation testing ; Estelle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Many researchers have pursued the establishment of a low-cost, effective testing and validation strategy at the program level as well as at the specification level. Mutation Testing is an error-based approach, originally introduced for program testing, that provides testers a systematic way to evaluate how good a given test set is. Some studies have also investigated its use to generate test sets. In this article, the application of Mutation Testing for validating Estelle specifications is proposed. A mutant operator set for Estelle—one of the crucial points for effectively applying Mutation Testing—is defined, addressing: the validation of the behavior of the modules, the communication among modules and the architecture of the specification. In this scope, these operators can be taken as a fault model. Considering this context, a strategy for validating Estelle-based specification is proposed and exemplified using the Alternating-bit protocol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008978021407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromoblastomycosis: a retrospective study of 325 cases on Amazonic Region (Brazil) (1998)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 143 (1998), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Amazon ; chromoblastomycosis ; epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A retrospective study of 325 cases of chromoblastomycosis diagnosed in the last 55 years in the Amazon region was carried out by the main Mycology services of the state of Pará, Brazil (Department of Tropical Pathology – UFPA and Mycology Department of the Evandro Chagas Institute/FNS). The data obtained showed that: (a) the main age group affected by the diseases range from 41 to 70 years-old, (b) 86.1% of the patients were agricultural-workers, (c) 93.2% of them were males and (d) 80.7% showed lesions on the lower limbs (feet and legs). The diagnosis of 62% of the cases was confirmed by laboratory studies considering the tissue form in histopathological analysis. In 24% of patients (78 cases), the etiological agent was isolated and identified through culture. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was present in 77 cases and Phialophora verucosa in only one case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006957415346
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of surface carbohydrates on the interaction of Fonsecaea pedrosoi with Chinese Hamster Ovary glycosylation mutant cells (1997)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 138 (1997), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: carbohydrate residues ; Chinese Hamster Ovary cells ; Fonsecaea pedrosoi ; interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to better understand the role played by surface glycoconjugates during cell adhesion and endocytosis by the dematiaceous fungi Fonsecaea pedrosoi, we analyzed the interaction between this microorganism and five mutants of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, which differ from each other in the exposition of carbohydrate residues on the cell surface. Five clones (Gat-2 parental, and the clones: Lec1, Lec2, Lec8 and ldlLec1) were tested and the adhesion and endocytic indexes were determined after 2 hours of interaction. The Lec1 and ldlLec1 clones, which present exposed mannose residues, showed the greater adhesion index (AI). On the other hand, the Lec8 clone, which exposes N-acetylglucosamine on the cell surface, presented the greater endocytic index. The role played by surface-exposed carbohydrate residues was further analyzed by addition of mannose or N-acetylglucosamine to the interaction medium and by previous incubation of the cells in the presence of the lectins Concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). The results obtained suggest that mannose residues are involved in the first step of adhesion of F. pedrosoi to the cell surface, while N-acetylglucosamine residues are involved on its ingestion process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006841529438
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The endocytic pathway in Entamoeba histolytica (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 881-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the endocytic pathway of Entamoeba histolytica using (a) confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe living cells labeled with fluorescent probes and (b) transmission electron microscopy of cells incubated in the presence of gold-labeled proteins or in a cytochemical medium designed for the localization of acid phosphatase activity. Images of acridine-orange-labeled cells showed that most of the intracellular vacuoles were acidic and were also labeled with Lucifer yellow, a fluorescent dye widely used for labeling of compartments of the endocytic pathway. A similar labeling pattern was observed when the cells were incubated in the present of fluorescein-labeled bovine albumin. However, no labeling was observed when fluorescein-labeled transferrin was used. Gold-labeled proteins (albumin, transferrin, horseradish peroxidase, and lactoferrin) were used for further characterization of the endocytic pathway. With the exception of transferrin, all the proteins bound to the protozoan surface and were subsequently internalized, appearing in small peripheral vesicles and some tubular structures. The ingested molecules accumulated in large vesicles located in the more central portion of the cell, which also presented acid phosphatase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360000269
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell-surface carbohydrates of Entamoeba invadens (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 83 (1997), S. 801-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cell-surface carbohydrates of Entamoeba invadens trophozoites were analyzed using (a) a panel of highly purified lectins specific for molecules containing N-acetylglucosamine or sialic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, mannose-like residues, and fucose; (b) Escherichia coli K-12 with mannose-sensitive fimbria; (c) enzymatic digestion; and (d) scanning electron microscopy. The presence of galactose (D-Gal) and N-acetylgalactosamine (D-GalNAc) was detected in the amoeba. Previous trypsinization induced the appearance of Glycine max (SBA, specific for D-GalNAc residues)-binding sites, whereas such treatment completely abolished the ability of Ricinus communis (RCAI) and Axinalla polypoides (APP, specific for D-Gal) lectins and partially abolished that of Euonymus europaeus (EEL, specific for D-Gal) lectins to agglutinate the trophozoites. The agglutinating activity of E. coli K-12 adhesins with the amoeba was markedly increased after trypsin digestion, indicating that mannose units become exposed after enzyme treatment. These findings were essentially confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. After neuraminidase treatment the parasites became strongly agglutinated with SBA and Arachis hypogaea (PNA, specific for D-Gal) and the cell interaction with Wisteria floribunda (WFH, specific for D-GalNAc) was markedly increased. These results suggest that in E. invadens trophozoites, sialic acid residues are linked to D-Gal and D-GalNAc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050343
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of saponin-sterol complexes and lectin-binding sites during interaction of Toxoplasma gondii with host cells (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 529-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The attachment of tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii to the surface of host cells induces the formation of a vacuole known as the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). In the present study we used lectins labeled with either fluorescein or colloidal gold particles to follow the fate of lectin-binding sites on the host-cell surface during the process of parasite/host-cell interaction. The results obtained indicate that few, if any, lectin-binding sites are internalized together with the tachyzoites to make part of the PV membrane. However, these sites are internalized and observed in small vesicles that are seen close to the PV. We also used the freeze-fracture technique in cells treated with saponin, which reveals cholesterol-containing sites as easily identifiable elongated sulculi and depressions. Intramembranous particles, which represent membrane integral proteins, were seen in the membrane lining the PV. However, saponin-cholesterol complexes were not observed in the membrane lining the PV, although they were seen in the parasite membranes. These observations, in association with data from previous studies, show that some, but not all, membrane components of the host cell contribute to the formation of the PV membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360000198
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