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  • Biological Evolution  (31)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (31)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • 1975-1979  (15)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1980  (16)
  • 1979  (15)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (31)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • 1975-1979  (15)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Reptiles and mammals use similar sensory organizations in the midbrain (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-10
    Description: Striking similarities were observed between the overlapping visual and tactile maps of the mammalian superior colliculus and of its homolog in reptiles, the optic tectum. This topographic pattern probably represents a plan of sensory representation that existed in ancient reptiles and that was retained during the evolution to mammalian forms more than 180 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaither, N S -- Stein, B E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 10;205(4406):595-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Iguanas ; Mammals ; Reptiles ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; *Touch ; *Vision, Ocular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    DNA organization of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: The organism Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, an archaebacterium, is envolutionarily very distant from both traditional prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Its genome (DNA) has physical characteristics typical of most prokaryotes except that it is quite small (about 10(9) daltons, less than half the size of the genome of Escherichia coli) and contains a significant amount (6 percent) DNA which renatures extremely rapidly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, R M -- Loeblich, L A -- Klotz, L C -- Loeblich, A R 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1082-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/377486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Euryarchaeota/classification/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Renaturation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Structure of the constant and 3' untranslated regions of the murine gamma 2b heavy chain messenger RNA (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: The complete coding sequence for the constant region of the mouse gamma 2b immunoglobulin heavy chain and the 3' untranslated region has been determined. The coding portion of the sequence is 1008 nucleotides long (amino acid residues 114 to 449), and the 3' noncoding region contains 102 nucleotides preceeding the polyadenylate. An extra carboxyl-terminal lysine residue which had not been observed in the gamma 2b or other gamma subclass protein sequences occurs in the nucleotide sequence and is probably processed posttranslationally. A 17-nucleotide sequence occurs with slight variation twice in CH1 and once in CH2 domains in the same relative location but with different translational phase. This sequence may be the site of crossover in a gamma 2b . gamma 2a heavy chain variant, an indication of possible recombinational activity of some kind.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tucker, P W -- Marcu, K B -- Slightom, J L -- Blattner, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1299-303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/117548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Codon ; DNA, Recombinant ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulins/*genetics ; Mice ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Diphytanyl and dibiphytanyl glycerol ether lipids of methanogenic archaebacteria (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: The lipids of nine different methanogenic bacterial strains are comprised of diphytanyl glycerol diethers, previously known only in extremely halophilic bacterial, as well as dibiphytanyl diglycerol tetraethers, known formerly only in the extremely thermoacidophilic bacteria Thermoplasma and Sulfolobus. Of the methanogens examined from four representative taxonomic groups, Methanobacterium and Methanospirillum contained both types of isopranyl ethers in nearly equal proportions, whereas the coccal forms, Methanosarcina and Methanococcus, possessed diphytanyl glycerol diethers, but with only a trace of or no dibiphytanyl diglycerol tetraethers. The occurrence of both types of isopranyl glycerol ethers in methanogenic bacteria supports the proposal that they have a close genealogical relationship to the extremely halophilic and thermoacidophilic bacteria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tornabene, T G -- Langworthy, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):51-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/758677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Ethers/analysis ; Euryarchaeota/*analysis/classification/genetics ; Glycerol/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Lipids/*analysis ; Mass Spectrometry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The phylogeny of prokaryotes (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, G E -- Stackebrandt, E -- Hespell, R B -- Gibson, J -- Maniloff, J -- Dyer, T A -- Wolfe, R S -- Balch, W E -- Tanner, R S -- Magrum, L J -- Zablen, L B -- Blakemore, R -- Gupta, R -- Bonen, L -- Lewis, B J -- Stahl, D A -- Luehrsen, K R -- Chen, K N -- Woese, C R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):457-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6771870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*classification ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Chloroplasts/analysis ; Clostridium/classification ; Cyanobacteria/classification ; DNA/analysis ; *Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal/*analysis ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Genes in pieces (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 25;207(4429):392-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Genes ; Globins/genetics ; Histones/genetics ; Insulin/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
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    Evolutionary conservation of repetitive sequence expression in sea urchin egg RNA's (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: Cloned repetitive DNA sequences were used to determine the number of homologous RNA transcripts in the eggs of two sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and S. franciscanus. The eggs of these species contain different amounts of RNA, and their genomes contain different numbers of copies of the cloned repeats. The specific pattern of repetitive sequence representation in the two egg RNA's is nonetheless quantitatively similar. The evolutionary conservation of this pattern suggests the functional importance of repeat sequence expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, G P -- Costantini, F D -- Posakony, J W -- Davidson, E H -- Britten, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1046-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6154974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovum/physiology ; Plasmids ; RNA/*genetics ; Sea Urchins/*genetics ; Species Specificity ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Gene affecting superoxide dismutase activity linked to the histocompatibility complex in H-2 congenic mice (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: The activity of cyanide-sensitive, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) was studied in liver sytosols from H-2 congenic strains of mice. Higher SOD activity was found in livers of mice having H-2b/A.BY, B10, and C3H.SW/haplotypes than in those of H-2a, H-2k and H-2d haplotypes. Segregation studies supported these correlations. In H-2 recombinant strains of mice, the genes influencing the liver SOD activity occur, as ascertained by mapping techniques, at or near the H-2d region of the major histocompatibility complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novak, R -- Bosze, Z -- Matkovics, B -- Fachet, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):86-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Linkage ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; Liver/enzymology ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Superoxide Dismutase/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Bacterial resistance to ultraviolet irradiation under anaerobiosis: implications for pre-phanerozoic evolution (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: The concept that low concentrations of atmospheric oxygen and consequent unattenuated ultraviolet irradiation limited the emergence of Phanerozoic life, the Berkner-Marshall hypothesis, is no longer tenable. Anaerobic bacteria, which probably evolved far earlier than Metazoa, were irradiated in a special chamber under strictly anaerobic conditions. Both intrinsic resistance and photoreactivation by visible light were discovered in obligately and facultatively anaeroboc microbes. Atmospheric scientists have shown that small amounts of oxygen would have limied pre-Phanerozoic surface ultraviolet irradiation to fluxes well below those used in the anaerobic experiments described. Since adequate ultraviolet protection mechanisms evolved early, the late Proterozoic appearance of Metazoa probably was not related to high fluxes of solar ultraviolet radiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rambler, M B -- Margulis, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):638-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Biological Evolution ; Clostridium/radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Escherichia coli/radiation effects ; *Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 10
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    beta-Galactosidase and selective neutrality (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-09
    Description: Three hypotheses to explain the amino acid composition of proteins are inconsistent (P congruent to 10(-9) with the experimental data for beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The exceptional length of this protein, 1021 residues, permits rigorous tests of these hypotheses without complication from statistical artifacts. Either this protein is not at compositional equilibrium, which is unlikely from knowledge about other proteins, or the evolution of this protein and its coding gene have not been selectively neutral. However, the composition of approximately 60 percent of the molecule is consistent with either a selectively neutral or nonneutral evolutionary process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holmquist, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 9;203(4384):1012-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/106468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/analysis ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Galactosidases/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Code ; *Selection, Genetic ; beta-Galactosidase/analysis/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Comparisons of frogs, humans, and chimpanzees (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Findley, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 27;204(4391):434-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/441733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians/anatomy & histology ; Animals ; Anura ; Biological Evolution ; Classification/*methods ; Genotype ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Primates/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Comparison of total sequence of a cloned rabbit beta-globin gene and its flanking regions with a homologous mouse sequence (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-19
    Description: The nucleotide sequence of a cloned rabbit chromosomal DNA segment of 1620 nucleotides length which contains a beta-globin gene is presented. The coding regions are separated into three blocks by two intervening sequences of 126 and 573 base pairs, respectively. The rabbit sequence was compared with a homologous mouse sequence. The segments flanking the rabbit gene, as well as the coding regions, the 5' noncoding and part of the 3' noncoding messenger RNA sequences are similar to those of the mouse gene; the homologous introns, despite identical location, are distinctly dissimilar except for the junction regions. Homologous introns may be derived from common ancestral introns by large insertions and deletions rather than be multiple point mutations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Ooyen, A -- van den Berg, J -- Mantei, N -- Weissmann, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 19;206(4416):337-44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Codon ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genetic Linkage ; Globins/*genetics ; Mice/*genetics ; Rabbits/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Sequence of the cloned gene for the constant region of murine gamma 2b immunoglobulin heavy chain (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: The complete nucleotide sequence of the gamma 2b constant region gene cloned from BALB/c liver DNA is reported. The sequence of approximately 1870 base pairs includes the 5' flanking, 3' untranslated, and 3' flanking regions and three introns. The C gamma 2b coding region is divided by these introns into four segments corresponding to the homology domains and hinge region of the protein. The introns separating the hinge from the CH2 domain and the CH2 from the CH3 domain are small (106 and 119 base pairs). A larger intervening sequence of 314 base pairs separates the CH1 and hinge regions. The stretch of DNA comprising this large intron plus the hinge shows a strong homology with the other CH domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tucker, P W -- Marcu, K B -- Newell, N -- Richards, J -- Blattner, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1303-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/117549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Genes ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulins/*genetics ; Liver ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Science: our common heritage (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boulding, K E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):831-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6766564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Genetics ; Logic ; *Science ; Sociology ; Technology
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  • 15
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    Frontiers of the biological sciences (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-04
    Description: The history of the molecular revolution in biology is described, emphasizing its dependence on the emergence of bacterial genetics, the fusion of genetics and biochemistry, and the development of greatly improved techniques for studying macromolecules. Central concepts have included molecular information transfer, both by nucleic acids and by allosteric proteins; the spontaneous conversion of one-dimensional information into three-dimensional structures; and the extraordinary unity in the molecular mechanisms underlying the rich diversity of biology. The merging of molecular and morphological studies, to yield the very broad field of cell biology, is described more briefly, as are also some present frontiers in several areas of biology that present challenges at other levels of organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, B D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 4;209(4452):78-89.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allergy and Immunology/trends ; Allosteric Regulation ; Biological Evolution ; Biology/*history ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Embryology/trends ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetics/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; Membranes/physiology ; Molecular Biology/trends ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neurology/trends ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Ribosomes/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 16
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    Genetic diversity and structure in Escherichia coli populations (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: A survey of electrophoretic variation in 20 enzymes from 109 clones of escherichia coli from natural populations yielded an estimate of mean genetic diversity approximately twice that reported in an earlier study and four to five times larger than estimates fro most eukaryotic species. Despite this extensive variability, the number of distinctive genotypes apparently is rather limited. Identical clones were obtained from unassociated hosts, and a clone that is electrophoretically indistinguishable from the laboratory strain Escherichia coli K-12 was isolated from a human infant. The results suggest that rates of genetic recombination in natural populations of Escherichia coli are low. These findings have implications for our understanding of the genetic structure of Escherichia coli populations and the factors determining the amount of neutral gene variability in this bacterial species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selander, R K -- Levin, B R -- GM19848/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM22126/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K04GM00112/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):545-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/*genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 17
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    Gene exchange and natural selection cause Bacillus subtilis to evolve in soil culture (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: Strains of Bacillus subtilis exchange linked blocks of genes when growing together in soil; such exchange leads to extensive reorganization of the genotypic structure of the population and to the appearance and eventual dominance of a single phenotype. This process illustrates how recombination and selection lead to adaptive changes in populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, J P -- Istock, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):637-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/107592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacillus subtilis/*genetics ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Phenotype ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Soil Microbiology ; Transduction, Genetic
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  • 18
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    Paul MacLean and the triune brain (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1066-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/377485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Emotions/physiology ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; History, 20th Century ; Limbic System/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 19
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    A systematic assessment of early African hominids (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-26
    Description: A large sample of Pliocene fossil hominid remains has been recovered from the African sites of Hadar in Ethiopia and Laetolil in Tanzania. These collections, dating approximately between 2.9 and 3.8 million years ago, constitute the earliest substantial record of the family Hominidae. This article assesses the phylogenetic relationships of the newly discovered fossil hominids and provides a taxonomy consistent with that assessment. A new taxon, Australopithecus afarensis, has been created to accommodate these Pliocene hominid fossils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johanson, D C -- White, T D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 26;203(4378):321-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/104384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern ; Africa, Southern ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Craniology ; Dental Arch ; *Fossils ; Haplorhini/*anatomy & histology/classification ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; *Paleodontology ; *Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Primates/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Derived X chromosome in the turtle genus Staurotypus (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-21
    Description: C-banding, G-banding, and silver (Ag-AS) staining techniques reveal a distinctive sex chromosome system in the turtle Staurotypus salvinii. Unlike previously described systems in most other vertebrate groups in which the Y or W is derived and the homogametic sex represents the primitive condition, the reverse is true for S. salvinii. The X chromosome is derived; thus the homogametic sex (female) is more derived than the heterogametic sex. The male is intermediate between the female and the ancestral condition observed in other turtle species. Staurotypus does not confirm to the general model of sex chromosome evolution for diploid dioecious organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sites, J W Jr -- Bickham, J W -- Haiduk, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 21;206(4425):1410-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/92052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Sex Chromosomes/*ultrastructure ; Silver ; Species Specificity ; Staining and Labeling ; Turtles/*anatomy & histology ; X Chromosome/*ultrastructure
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Nonolfactory sensory pathway to the telencephalon in a teleost fish (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Pathways conveying lateral-line sensory information within the brain of a bullhead catfish terminate in a localized zone within the telencephalon. Thus, the telencephalon in teleosts, as in amniote species, contains regions that receive specific sensory input. Therefore, this lemniscal organization is not restricted to mammalian or amniote species but is a feature common to most, if not all, vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finger, T E -- BRSG RR-05357/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- NS-15258/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):671-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Electricity ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/anatomy & histology ; Smell/physiology ; Telencephalon/*anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Hummingbirds see near ultraviolet light (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: Three species of hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri, Lampornis clemenciae, and Eugenes fulgens) were trained to make visual discriminations between lights of different spectral content. On the basis of initial choices of feeders following a period of conditioning, birds of all three species were able to distinguish near ultraviolet (370 nanometers, 20-nanometer half bandwidth) from darkness (unilluminated viewing screen) or from the small amount of far red light that leaked through the ultraviolet-transmitting glass filter. A human observer was unable to make either discrimination. The birds were also able to distinguish white lights lacking wavelengths shorter than 400 nanometers from the full spectrum of the quartz-halogen bulbs. One can infer that the cone oil droplets, which have been lost from the retinas of most mammals, provide a potentially more flexible system for restricting the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum than does the filtering action of lens and macula that serves this function in the human eye.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldsmith, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/*physiology ; Filtration ; Oils ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Mouse interferons: amino terminal amino acid sequences of various species (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-01
    Description: Mouse interferons of three size classes (A, 35,000 to 40,000 daltons; B, 26,000 to 33,000 daltons; and C, 20,000 daltons) were purified from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells infected with Newcastle disease virus. The sequences of the first 24 amino acids (No. 17 has not been identified) of interferons A and B are identical. The sequence of the first 20 amino acids of interferon C differs from that of A and B in 18 positions. There is partial homology in amino terminal sequence between mouse interferons A (or B) and a human fibroblast interferon and between mouse interferon C and a human lymphoblastoid interferon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taira, H -- Broeze, R J -- Jayaram, B M -- Lengyel, P -- Hunkapiller, M W -- Hood, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 1;207(4430):528-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Glycoproteins/analysis ; *Interferons/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Weight
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  • 24
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    Split genes and RNA splicing (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: A number of genes in higher organisms and in their viruses appear to be split. That is, they have "nonsense" stretches of DNA interspersed within the sense DNA. The cell produces a full RNA transcript of this DNA, nonsense and all, and then appears to splice out the nonsense sequences before sending the RNA to the cytoplasm. In this article what is known about these intervening sequences and about the processing of the RNA is outlined. Also discussed is their possible use and how they might have arisen in evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crick, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):264-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA/genetics ; Endonucleases/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; *Genes ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/*genetics ; RNA Ligase (ATP)/metabolism ; RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 25
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    Hybrid ape offspring of a mating of gibbon and siamang (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-20
    Description: The serendipitous mating of a male gibbon, Hylobates moloch, and a female siamang, Symphalangus syndactylus, has produced two female offspring born 1 year apart. The hybrid karyotype of 47 chromosomes comprises the haploid complements of the parental species, 22 for the gibbon and 25 for the siamang. Chromosomal G and C banding comparisons revealed no clear homologies between the parental karyotypes except for the single chromosome in each species containing the nucleolus organizer region. The lack of homology suggests that the structural rearrangement of chromosomes has played a major role in the process of speciation for these lesser apes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R H -- Shafer, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 20;205(4403):308-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Hominidae/*genetics ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Hylobates/*genetics ; Karyotyping ; Male
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  • 26
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    Echolocation and pursuit of prey by bats (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: Echolocating bats use different information-gathering strategies for hunting prey in open, uncluttered environments, in relatively open environments with some obstacles, and in densely cluttered environments. These situations differ in the extent to which individual targets such as flying insects can be detected as isolated objects or must be separated perceptually from backgrounds. Echolocating bats also differ in whether they use high-resolution, multidimensional images of targets or concentrate specifically on one particular target dimension, such as movement, to detect prey.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, J A -- Fenton, M B -- O'Farrell, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):16-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/758674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Environment ; Orientation/*physiology ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Species Specificity ; Ultrasonics
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  • 27
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    Electroreception in the ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-01
    Description: Behavioral and neurophysiological experiments and anatomical work indicate that the ampullar structures on the head of fish of the subclass Holocephali are sense organs responsive to weak electric fields and are functionally and structurally homologous to the ampullae of Lorenzini in elasmobranchs. It is concluded that, as in elasmobranchs, these organs are used to detect bioelectric and other natural electric phenomena in the environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fields, R D -- Lange, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 1;207(4430):547-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Electric Stimulation ; Escape Reaction/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Fishes/genetics/*physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
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    Creationism in Iowa (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerlovich, J A -- Goellner, K E -- Grant, S C -- Hanson, R W -- Huffman, D M -- McCollum, C G -- Tiffany, L H -- Weinberg, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1208, 1210-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; *Education ; Iowa ; Legislation as Topic ; *Religion and Science ; United States
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  • 29
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    Calmodulin plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: The role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in cell function is beginning to be unraveled at the molecular level as a result of recent research on calcium-binding proteins and particularly on calmodulin. These proteins interact reversibly with Ca2+ to form a protein . Ca2+ complex, whose activity is regulated by the cellular flux of Ca2+. Many of the effects of Ca2+ appear to be exerted through calmodulin-regulated enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheung, W Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):19-27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Calcium/*physiology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Calmodulin/*physiology ; Cell Communication ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Phospholipases A/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Troponin/physiology
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  • 30
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    The behavioral and social sciences (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-04
    Description: In the social sciences, as in other sciences, progress is often placed by advances in observational techniques and instruments. This article reviews some of the recent technical progress in the social sciences ans then discusses three substantive frontier areas that are particularly exciting at present: evolutionary theory, especially in relation to sociobiology, the theory of human rational choice, and the newly christened discipline of cognitive science. All three claim to provide explanations for broad areas of human behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, H A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 4;209(4452):72-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/physiology ; Behavioral Sciences/*history/trends ; Biological Evolution ; Cognition/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Research ; Social Sciences/*history/trends
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 31
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    Nonpineal melatonin in the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: All living and most fossil representatives of the reptilian subclass Archosauria lack pineal bodies. Arrhythmic, low-level, nonpineal melatonin is present, however, in the blood of Alligator mississippiensis. Although pineal bodies have been implicated in circadian phenomena, these results suggest that arrhytmic melatonin in alligators may not be involved incircadian events and indicate that the pineal is not the only source of the hormone melatonin. The evolutionary loss of the pineal in Archosauria occurred during the Mesozoic, and era noted for its seasonal stability. Arrhythmic melatonin titers inalligators and pineal loss in alligators and other archosaurs may be related to Mesozoic seasonal stability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, J J -- Gern, W A -- Roth, E C -- Ralph, C L -- Jacobson, E -- NS 12257/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):548-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alligators and Crocodiles/*blood ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Melatonin/*blood ; Periodicity ; Pineal Gland/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Reptiles/*blood
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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