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  • Articles  (148)
  • Rats  (97)
  • Mice  (56)
  • Fisheries
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994
  • 1975-1979  (148)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1978  (148)
  • Physics  (148)
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  • Articles  (148)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994
  • 1975-1979  (148)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
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    Cholinergic vesicles: ability to empty and refill independently of cytoplasmic acetylcholine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: Incubation of minced mouse-forebrain tissues in lithium Krebs solution reduces the acetylcholine content of the vesicular fraction 70 percent without altering that of the cytoplasmic fraction. Depleted vesicular-bound acetylcholine can be restored with newly synthesized acetylcholine (formed from extracellular choline) independently of the cytoplasmic pool. Depletion of vesicular-bound acetylcholine does not facilitate the movement of preformed extracellular acetylcholine into vesicles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carrol, P T -- Nelson, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):85-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/drug effects/*metabolism ; Lithium Compounds/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Paraoxon/pharmacology ; Prosencephalon/drug effects/*metabolism/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Sulfhydryl groups and the monodeiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-24
    Description: Sulfhydryl reagents exert a profound influence on the monodeiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine by rat and sheep tissues in vitro. A marked dithiothreitol-induced increase in the monodeiodination by fetal sheep liver homogenates suggests that the characteristically low conversion in fetal tissues is related more to the status of sulfhydryl groups than to a deficiency of the monodeiodinating enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chopra, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 24;199(4331):904-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*metabolism ; Liver/embryology/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sheep ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/*metabolism ; Sulfhydryl Reagents/pharmacology ; Thyroxine/*metabolism ; Triiodothyronine/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Rabies viruses increase in virulence when propagated in neuroblastoma cell culture (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-10
    Description: Several strains of attenuated rabies virus lacking the capacity to kill adult mice acquired a high lethal potential for mice after one to five serial passages in murine or human neuroblastoma cells. The virulence acquired after passage in neuroblastoma cells is a stable genetic trait retained during subsequent passage of viruses in nonneuroblastoma cell systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 10;199(4333):1072-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Mice ; Neuroblastoma/*microbiology ; Neurons/microbiology ; Rabies Vaccines/toxicity ; Rabies virus/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Vaccines, Attenuated/toxicity ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Rejection of male skin grafts by splenectomized female mice (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Female mice of the C3H strain normally do not reject skin grafts from males of the same strain; however, 40 percent of splenectomized C3H female mice completely rejected C3H male skin grafts applied 2 weeks later. All splenectomized females showed at least transitory signs of graft rejection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coons, T A -- Goldberg, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):320-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/345443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Graft Rejection ; *Histocompatibility Antigens ; Immunosuppression ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H/immunology ; Skin Transplantation ; Spleen/*immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    Tricyclic antidepressants: long-term treatment increases responsivity of rat forebrain neurons to serotonin (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: Long-term treatment of rats with clinically effective tricyclic antidepressant drugs induced a selective increase in the inhibitory response of forebrain neurons to serotonin applied by microiontophoresis. Long-term administration of some related drugs which lack antidepressant efficacy failed to induce such a change. The enhanced response to serotonin induced by the clinically active tricyclic drugs took 1 to 2 weeks to develop, a time course which correlates with the delayed onset of therapeutic effects in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Montigny, C -- Aghajanian, G K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1303-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/725608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/*pharmacology ; Decerebrate State ; Drug Synergism ; Geniculate Bodies/*drug effects ; Hippocampus/*drug effects ; Male ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Tracts/drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Serotonin/*drug effects ; Serotonin/*pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The stomach signals satiety (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Inflatable pyloric cuffs and stomach tubes were implanted in rats. With the cuff inflated and a valve to limit intragastric pressure to that accompanying normal satiety, they drank only as much when they had been deprived of food for 12 hours as without inflation of the cuff. However, they overdrank with the cuff inflated when they had been water deprived for 12 hours. When 10 ml of milk was withdrawn from the stomach with the cuff inflated, compensatory drinking occurred. Further, compensatory drinking also occurred when milk escaped from the stomach into the duodenum. Satiety signals thus arise from the stomach.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deutsch, J A -- Young, W G -- Kalogeris, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):165-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drinking Behavior/physiology ; Duodenum/physiology ; Food Deprivation ; Male ; Rats ; Satiation/*physiology ; Satiety Response/*physiology ; Stomach/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Nucleosome arcs and helices (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: Crystals and other regular arrangements of nucleosome cores have been obtained and analyzed in the electron microscope. Two types of regular structures have been studied in detail, the nucleosome arcs and cylinders. The latter are composed of concentric cylindrical layers of intertwined right-handed helices of nucleosome cores. These studies lead to the following conclusions and concepts. The overall structure of the nucleosome core is a short, wedge-shaped cylinder measuring about 110 by 110 by 60 angstroms. Nucleosome cores interact primarily between top and bottom planes. Nucleosome cores exhibit large conformational variability. A pivot allowing two degrees of rotational freedom is postulated in the region of the 70th base pair to account for this property of the nucleosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dubochet, J -- Noll, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):280-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/*ultrastructure ; Crystallography ; Macromolecular Substances ; Micrococcal Nuclease/metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Rats
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  • 8
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    Dual actions of substance P on nociception: possible role of endogenous opioids (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Substance P produces analgesia when administered to mice in very small doses by the intraventricular route (1.25 to 5 nanograms per mouse). The analgesic effect can be blocked by naloxone. At higher doses (greater than 50 nanograms per mouse), this activity is lost. At these higher doses, however, substance P produced hyperalgesia when combined with naloxone and analgesia when combined with baclofen [beta-(4-chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid]. Substance P may have dual actions in brain, releasing endorphins at very low doses and directly exciting neuronal activity in nociceptive pathways at higher doses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frederickson, R C -- Burgis, V -- Harrell, C E -- Edwards, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1359-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Baclofen/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Nociceptors/*drug effects ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substance P/analogs & derivatives/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    beta-Adrenergic receptors in aged rat brain: reduced number and capacity of pineal gland to develop supersensitivity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: The density but not the affinity of beta-adrenergic receptors declined significantly with age in rat pineal gland, corpus striatum, and cerebellum, as determined by the binding of tritiated dihydroalprenolol. Exposing rats to light for 12 hours increased the binding of this radioligand in 3-month-old but not in 24-month-old rats. The reduced responsiveness to catecholamines seen in aging may be due to a decrease in the number of beta-adrenergic receptors which, in turn, may be caused by an impaired capacity of receptors in aged animals to adapt to changes in adrenergic neuronal input.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenberg, L H -- Weiss, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):61-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/208145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Alprenolol/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Light ; Male ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism
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  • 10
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    Subsynaptic plate perforations: changes with age and experience in the rat (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-08
    Description: The relative frequency of appearance of discontinuities in the postsynaptic thickening, or perforations in the subsynaptic plate, increased with age and experience. Rats reared from weaning in complex or social environments had a significantly higher proportion of occipital cortical synapses with perforations than did rats reared in isolation. In addition, the relative frequency of these perforations more than tripled between 10 and 60 days of age. Shifts in the frequency of perforations can occur independently of changes in the size of synpases. This result suggests a new potential mechanism of synaptic plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenough, W T -- West, R W -- DeVoogd, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 8;202(4372):1096-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/ultrastructure ; Environment ; Male ; Occipital Lobe/*ultrastructure ; Rats ; Synapses/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Membranes/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Early maternal separation increases gastric ulcer risk in rats by producing a latent thermoregulatory disturbance (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: Rat pups that are separated early from their mothers, at postnatal day 15, become hypothermic when subjected to physical restraint on postnatal day 30. Restraint of separated pups also elicits an unusually high incidence of gastric erosions, as well as insomnia and an increase in quiet wakefulness. If hypothermia during restraint is prevented, neither the erosions nor the behavioral responses occur. Rat pups separated at the customary age (postnatal day 22) do not become hypothermic during restraint, and the restraint of such pups is not associated with either gastric erosion or insomnia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ackerman, S H -- Hofer, M A -- Weiner, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):373-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/566471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Arousal/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; Food Deprivation ; Humans ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Rats ; Restraint, Physical ; Sleep/physiology ; Stomach Ulcer/*etiology ; *Stress, Psychological/physiology ; Wakefulness/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Chronically decerebrate rats demonstrate satiation but not bait shyness (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: Taste substances applied to the oral cavity result in either ingestion or rejection, each with a characteristic muscular response pattern. These responses are the same in decerebrate and intact rats; the caudal brainstem appears to be the neural substrate of ingestion and rejection responses. The experiment determined whether decerebrates can alter these discriminative responses as a function of food deprivation or toxicosis. Food-deprived decerebrate rats, like intact ones, ingested a taste substance they had rejected when sated. However, these same decerebrates, in contrast to controls, neither rejected nor decreased ingestive reactions to a novel taste after that taste had been repeatedly paired with lithium chloride-induced illness. Although the forebrain may be important for integrating ingestion, some aspects of this control seem to be represented in caudal brain areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grill, H J -- Norgren, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):267-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arousal/physiology ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; *Decerebrate State ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Food Deprivation ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Learning/*physiology ; Lithium ; Rats ; Satiation/physiology ; Sucrose ; Taste/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Immunoassay of androgen binding protein in blood: a new approach for study of the seminiferous tubule (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Androgen binding protein, a secretory product of seminiferous tubules, was isolated by means of affinity chromatography. A radioimmunoassay was developed and used to identify androgen binding protein in rat plasma. The ability to measure a testicular protein in blood provides a new method for investigation of seminiferous tubular physiology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gunsalus, G L -- Musto, N A -- Bardin, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):65-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood-Testis Barrier ; Carrier Proteins/*blood/metabolism ; Castration ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Radioimmunoassay/methods ; Rats ; Seminiferous Tubules/*metabolism ; Testis/*metabolism ; Testosterone/pharmacology
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  • 14
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    Neural factors contribute to atherogenesis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: Electron microscopic evidence of early atherogenic changes in the aorta and coronary arteries was obtained in normal fed, conscious, unrestrained rats receiving electrical stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus for periods of up to 62 days. Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were not etiologic factors. In view of recent observations concerning neuropsychological mechanisms in human ischemic heart disease, the findings raise the possibility that the human central nervous system has a role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gutstein, W H -- Harrison, J -- Parl, F -- Ku, G -- Avtable, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/pathology ; Arteriosclerosis/*etiology/pathology/physiopathology ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol/blood ; Coronary Vessels/pathology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation ; Hypothalamus/*physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/*complications
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  • 15
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    Aphagia and adipsia after preferential destruction of nerve cell bodies in hypothalamus (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-03
    Description: Microinjections of the excitatory neurotoxin kainic acid into the lateral hypothalamus of rats produced a period aphagia and adipsia. Kainate-treated rats displayed transient motor effects during the first hours after the injection but did not show the persisting sensory-motor and arousal disturbances typically observed in animals with electrolytic lesions in this part of the hypothalamus. Histological examination revealed a significant reduction in the number of nerve cell bodies in the lateral hypothalamus. Silver-stained material indicated no evidence of damage to fiber systems passing through the affected region. Assays of dopamine in hypothalamus, striatum, and telencephalon did not indicate significant differences between experimental and control animals. These results are in agreement with recent reports of the anatomical and biochemical effects of intracerebral kainic acid injections and suggest that the observed effect on feeding behavior is related to the destruction of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grossman, S P -- Dacey, D -- Halaris, A E -- Collier, T -- Routtenberg, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 3;202(4367):537-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/705344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drinking Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Hypothalamus/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Thalamic Nuclei/drug effects
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  • 16
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    Phagocytosis of light- and dark-adapted rod outer segments by cultured pigment epithelium (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-03
    Description: Pigment epithelial cells in culture retain their ability to phagocytize rod outer segments. These cells phagocytize rod outer segments isolated from light-adapted rats, or from dark-adapted rats killed after the time at which the lights would normally be turned on. However, they phagocytize for fewer rod outer segments prepared in the dark from the retinas of rats killed before the onset of the normal light cycle. Phagocytosis of dark rod outer segments is variable, but that of light outer segments is reproducible. It is postulated that the effect of light is to synchronize the chemical events that occur at the surface of the rods to prepare them for phagocytosis. These processes also occur in the dark, but more slowly and irregularly than in the light.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, M O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 3;202(4367):526-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/568310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culture Techniques ; Dark Adaptation ; Energy Metabolism ; Light ; Phagocytosis ; Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats
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  • 17
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    Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide splitting enzyme: a characteristic of the mouse macrophage (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: Murine macrophages are endowed with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide splitting activity that is markedly higher than that of other cells, tissues, or organs of the mouse. This enzyme therefore can be used as a biochemical marker for distinguishing macrophages from other cells of the lymphoreticular system and from polymorphonuclear leukocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Artman, M -- Seeley, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1293-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/214853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascitic Fluid/enzymology ; B-Lymphocytes/enzymology ; Blood Platelets/enzymology ; Bone Marrow/enzymology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/enzymology ; Macrophages/*enzymology ; Mice ; Monocytes/enzymology ; NAD+ Nucleosidase/*metabolism ; Neutrophils/enzymology ; Spleen/enzymology ; T-Lymphocytes/enzymology ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 18
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    Morphine tolerance: is there evidence for a conditioning model? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayes, R L -- Mayer, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):343-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology ; *Drug Tolerance ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 19
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    Stimulation of dopamine synthesis in caudate nucleus by intrastriatal enkephalins and antagonism by naloxone (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: The intraventricular injection of methionine-enkephalin (50 to 100 micrograms) or [d-Ala2]-methionine-enkephalinamide (1.5 to 12 micrograms), a synthetic enkephalin analog resistant to enzyme degradation, caused a marked dose-dependent increase in dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations in the rat striatum. The [d-Ala2] analog increased the accumulation of dopa in the striatum after aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibition, indicating that it increased dopamine synthesis. At the highest doses used both enkephalins failed to modify brain serotonin metabolism. The monolateral microinjection of the [d-Ala2]] analog (3 to 6 micrograms) into the caudate nucleus increased the concentration of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the injected side, whereas bilateral injection increased the concentration of this compound in both caudate nuclei and caused catalepsy. The stimulant effect of the [d-Ala2] analog on dopamine synthesis in the striatum persisted after destruction of striatal postsynaptic dopamine receptors with kainic acid. The biochemical and behavioral effects of enkephalins were prevented by naloxone, a specific narcotic antagonist. The results indicate that enkephalins stimulate dopamine synthesis by an action on opioid receptors localized on dopaminergic nerve terminals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biggio, G -- Casu, M -- Corda, M G -- Di Bello, C -- Gessa, G L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):552-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/205949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism ; Animals ; Caudate Nucleus/*metabolism ; Dopamine/*biosynthesis ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid/metabolism ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
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  • 20
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    Blood-brain neutral amino acid transport activity is increased after portacaval anastomosis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: In rats after portacaval anastomosis (an animal model of chronic liver disease), transport of tryptophan and other members of the large neutral amino acid group from blood to brain was markedly enhanced. Increased transport activity was apparently restricted to the neutral amino acid transport system, since brain uptake of glucose, inulin, and tyramine was unaffected while blood-brain arginine transport was significantly reduced. These results strikingly confirm the hypothesis that carrier-mediated blood-brain transport is the limiting factor determining the availability of the neutral amino acids to the brain. The encephalopathy associated with cirrhosis may be the result of abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism and neurotransmission secondary to increased neutral amino acid transport activity and an increased brain content of members of the neutral amino acid group.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉James, J H -- Escourrou, J -- Fischer, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/metabolism ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/*metabolism ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/metabolism ; Phenylalanine/metabolism ; *Portacaval Shunt, Surgical ; Rats ; Tryptophan/*metabolism ; Tyramine/metabolism
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  • 21
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    Contact-mediated bone resorption by human monocytes in vitro (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-03
    Description: Human circulating monocytes in tissue culture are capable of resorbing devitalized adult and fetal bone. An important component of this process is the adhesion of the cells to the mineralized substrate and the localized removal of matrix from beneath the attached cells. The process appears to involve both release of lysosomal enzymes onto the substrate and intracellular accumulation (transport) of resorbed matrix.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kahn, A J -- Stewart, C C -- Teitelbaum, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 3;199(4332):988-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Matrix/cytology/metabolism/physiology ; *Bone Resorption ; Bone and Bones/embryology/metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Cell Adhesion ; Culture Techniques ; Humans ; Monocytes/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Rats
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  • 22
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    Modification of attention in honey bees (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: Honey bees were trained in two consecutive two-dimensional (color-position) problems with one dimension (color or position) relevant and the other irrelevant in each problem. As in analogous experiments on dimensional transfer in rats and monkeys, performance in the second problem was more accurate when the relevant and irrelevant dimensions were the same as in the first problem than when they were interchanged. The results of further experiments suggest that the transfer is mediated by different modes of responding that develop in color and position problems rather than by some special process of dimensional selection, such as has been assumed to operate in vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klosterhalfen, S -- Fischer, W -- Bitterman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1241-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Attention/*physiology ; Bees/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Color Perception ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 23
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    Increased resistance to Staphylococcus aureus infection and enhancement in serum lysozyme activity by glucan (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Glucan is a potent reticuloendothelial stimulant whose immunobiological activity is mediated, in part, by an increase in the number and function of macrophages. In studying the role of glucan as a mediator of antibacterial activity, we attempted to ascertain the ability of glucan to modify the mortality of mice with experimentally induced Gram-positive bacteremia, and to enhance antibacterial defenses in rats as denoted by serum lysozyme and phagocytic activity. After intravenous administration of glucan, serum lysozyme concentrations were increased approximately sevenfold over control concentrations. The increase in serum lysozyme appeared to parallel the glucan-induced increase in phagocytosis and induced hyperplasia of macrophages. Prior treatment of mice with glucan significantly enhanced their survival when they were challenged systemically with Staphylococcus aureus. These studies indicate that glucan confers an enhanced state of host defense against bacterial infections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kokoshis, P L -- Williams, D L -- Cook, J A -- Di Luzio, N R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1340-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/628841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteriolysis/drug effects ; Immunotherapy ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Male ; Muramidase/*blood ; Phagocytosis/*drug effects ; Polysaccharides/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Sepsis/prevention & control ; Staphylococcal Infections/*prevention & control/therapy ; Staphylococcus aureus
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  • 24
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    Pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity: abrupt decrease in adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate may be signal for "turnoff" (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: Dispersed pinealocytes have been used to study the role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the "turnoff" of N-acetyltransferace activity. Activity was first stimulated 100-fold by treating cells with 1-norepinephrine. 1-Propranolol acted stereospecifically to rapidly reverse this, resulting in a 70 percent loss of enzyme activity within 15 minutes. An even more rapid 1-propranolol-induced decreased in cyclic AMP also occurred. This together with the observation that the inhibitory effect of 1-propranolol on N-acetyltransferase was blocked by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and phosphodiesterase inhibitors indicate that an abrupt decrease in cyclic AMP may be the signal for the rapid decrease in pineal N-acetyltransferase activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, D C -- Buda, M J -- Kapoor, C L -- Krishna, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):309-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism ; Propranolol/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Rats ; Serotonin
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  • 25
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    Inhibition of bone formation during space flight (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: Parameters of bone formation and resorption were measured in rats orbited for 19.5 days aboard the Soviet Cosmos 782 biological satellite. The most striking effects were on bone formation. During flight, rats formed significantly less periosteal bone than did control rats on the ground. An arrest line at both the periosteum and the endosteum of flight animals suggest that a complete cessation of bone growth occurred. During a 26-day postflight period, the defect in bone formation was corrected. No significant changes in bone resorption were observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morey, E R -- Baylink, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1138-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/150643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aerospace Medicine ; Animals ; *Bone Development ; Bone Matrix/physiology ; Bone Resorption ; Male ; Periosteum/physiology ; Rats ; *Space Flight ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Tetracycline ; Tibia/cytology/growth & development/physiology ; Time Factors ; Weightlessness
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  • 26
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    Enhancement of oncogenesis in C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cell cultures by saccharin (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: Impure and pure samples of saccharin (2 milligrams per milliliter) did not produce oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2, clone 8, mouse embryo fibroblasts. However, after treatment of the cells with a nontransforming initiating dose (0.1 microgram per milliliter) of 3-methylcholanthrene, continuous treatment with either sample of saccharin (100 micrograms per milliliter) led to significant transformation. It is concluded that in this system saccharin is a cocarginogen, probably functioning as a promoting agent that is 1000-fold less active than the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mondal, S -- Brankow, D W -- Heidelberger, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1141-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogens ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*chemically induced ; Cocarcinogenesis ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Methylcholanthrene ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Saccharin/*pharmacology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
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  • 27
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    Identification of a C-glucuronide of delta6- tetrahydrocannabinol as a mouse liver conjugate in vivo (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: Delta 6-Tetrahydrocannabinol-C-4-glucuronide was found in the livers of mice that had been administered delta 6-tetrahydrocannabinol. Thus, C-glucuronidation of a compound that contains a free hydroxyl group has been demonstrated in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, S -- Yagen, B -- Mechoulam, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1390-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dronabinol/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Glucuronates/metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Mice
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  • 28
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    Lead exposure during infancy permanently increases lithium-induced polydipsia (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-08-18
    Description: Lead (200 milligrams per kilogram) was administered daily by intubation to Long-Evans rats on days 3 through 30 of life. Thirty to 180 days after cessation of lead administration, the lead-treated rats were consistently more polydipsic after lithium administration (2 millimoles per kilogram per day) than were pair-treated controls. Lithium increased the plasma renin activity equally in both the lead treated and the control groups. These data are evidence that there may be permanent neural changes induced by postnatal exposure to lead that are manifested by pharmacological challenge with lithium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mailman, R B -- Krigman, M R -- Mueller, R A -- Mushak, P -- Breese, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 18;201(4356):637-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/675249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Drinking Behavior/drug effects ; Female ; Lead Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Renin/blood
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  • 29
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    Electrical stimulation of the amygdala as a conditioned stimulus in a bait-shyness paradigm (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-08-11
    Description: Animals receiving low-intensity electrical stimulation of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala while drinking plain tap water were injected with toxic doses of lithium chloride to examine whether brain stimulation can serve as a conditioned stimulus in a bait-shyness paradigm. Subjects receiving this pairing greatly reduced their water intake in a retention test, in a similar manner to a group in which saccharin was paired with poisoning. Pairing lithium chloride with stimulation of the amygdala had no effect on subsequent water intake in the absence of brain stimulation. This effect appears to be locus specific, as caudate stimulation could not serve as a conditioned stimulus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, A G -- LePiane, F G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 11;201(4355):536-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/*physiology ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Male ; Rats ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Taste/*physiology
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  • 30
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    Zinc deficiency in murine milk underlies expression of the lethal milk (lm) mutation (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: The inability of nursing pups to survive on milk of mice homozygous for the recessive mutation, lethal milk (lm), is correlated with a reduction in zinc levels of both milk and pup carcass. Administration of zinc to pups nursing on lmlm dams reduces the observed mortality and morbidity. It is suggested that lm alters zinc transport from maternal blood to milk and that its study may provide useful information for understanding the rare human disease, acrodermatitis enteropathica.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piletz, J E -- Ganschow, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):181-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Lactation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL/*genetics ; Milk/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Zinc/blood/*deficiency/metabolism
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  • 31
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    6-Hydroxydopamine and anticholinergic drugs (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mason, S T -- Fibiger, H C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 15;202(4373):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/725598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Hydroxydopamines/*pharmacology ; Motor Activity/*drug effects ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Parasympathomimetics/pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 32
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    Kainic acid lesions of the striatum dissociate amphetamine and apomorphine stereotypy: similarities to Huntingdon's chorea (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: Kainic acid lesion of cell bodies in the dorsal striatum enhanced the stereotypy-producing effects of d-amphetamine without affecting the sterotypy produced by the direct receptor agonist apomorphine. This pattern of results parallels that found in patients suffering from Hungtington's chorea, thus strengthening the parallels between the kainic acid animal model and the human disease state initially suggested on biochemical gounds. The present results further suggest a dissociation of the mechanisms involved in the production of stereotypy by these two drugs, perhaps in terms of differential involvement of the striato-nigral negative feedback loop.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mason, S T -- Sanberg, P R -- Fibiger, H C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):352-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/*pharmacology ; Behavior/*drug effects ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/*drug effects/enzymology/pathology ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*physiopathology ; *Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/enzymology ; *Pyrrolidines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Stereotyped Behavior/*drug effects ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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    Generation of new mouse sarcoma viruses in cell culture (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-01
    Description: Endogenous nontumor-producing type C viruses from C3H mice were used to generate rapid, solid tumor-inducing variants in cell culture. The new mouse sarcoma viruses induce undifferentiated sarcomas with a short latency period upon inoculation into newborn NIH Swiss mice. Transforming viruses appear only transiently, at a time when the virus-infected cells show morphologic alterations; both before and after this time, transforming viruses cannot be detected. These results show that variants of endogenous type C virus which contain transforming genes (oncogenes) can arise during spread of the endogenous virus in fibroblast lines in vitro as well as in susceptible tissues in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapp, U R -- Todaro, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 1;201(4358):821-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/210501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Retroviridae/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/genetics/pathogenicity ; Sarcoma, Experimental/*microbiology
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    Potent antidopaminergic activity of estradiol at the pituitary level on prolactin release (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: Prior incubation of rat anterior pituitary cells with 17beta-estradiol led to an almost complete reversal of the inhibitory effect of two dopamine agonists, dihydroergocornine and RU 24213, on both basal prolactin release and thyrotropin releasing hormone-induced prolactin release. These experiments thus demonstrate a direct interference of dopamine action by a peripheral hormone. Prolactin secretion by pituitary cells in primary culture could possibly serve as an easily accessible model of a system under dopaminergic control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raymond, V -- Beaulieu, M -- Labrie, F -- Boissier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1173-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/418505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dihydroergotoxine/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Dopamine Antagonists ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Phenethylamines/antagonists & inhibitors ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*drug effects/secretion ; Prolactin/*secretion ; Rats ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
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    Acoustic microscopy: a new window to the world of the small (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1110-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustics/*instrumentation ; Animals ; Blood Cells/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microscopy/*instrumentation/methods ; Muscles/ultrastructure ; Myocardium/ultrastructure
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  • 36
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    Prenatal exposure to prednisone in humans and animals retards intrauterine growth (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-27
    Description: Prednisone treatment for infertility and subsequent pregnancy maintenance in humans resulted in a significant decrease in the birth weight of full-term infants and a marked increase in the percentage of newborn infants weighing 2500 grams or less, that is, "light for dates" in comparison to control offspring. A parallel experiment with mice indicated that the reduction of birth weight was caused by exposure to corticosteroids rather than to maternal disease or malfunction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinisch, J M -- Simon, N G -- Karow, W G -- Gandelman, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 27;202(4366):436-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/705336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birth Weight/*drug effects ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects ; Humans ; *Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mice ; Prednisone/*adverse effects ; Pregnancy/*drug effects
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    Attenuation of amnesia in rats by systemically administered enkephalins (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: The pentapeptides methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin are both able to reduce experimentally induced amnesia in rats. In contrast to the possible analgesic activity of these peptides, the anti-amnesic effect is seen after systemic administration of dosages of 30 micrograms or lower. The nature of the anti-amnesic effect is different for the two peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rigter, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):83-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Carbon Dioxide/antagonists & inhibitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/*pharmacology ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 38
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    Fluorescence-immunocytochemistry: simultaneous localization of catecholamines and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and dopamine were identified simultaneously in the same block of tissue from the median eminence of the rat brain. Two distinct bands of dopamine terminals were found in the lateral median eminence: an inner band which overlapped the gonadotropin-releasing hormone terminals and an outer band which appeared juxtaposed to portal capillaries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNeill, T H -- Sladek, J R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):72-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/345442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/*metabolism ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Median Eminence/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nerve Endings/metabolism ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Rats
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  • 39
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    Jaundice phototherapy: micro flow-cell photometry reveals rapid biliary response of Gunn rats to light (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-01
    Description: Hepatic pigment clearance in rats can be followed continuously with photometric detectors designed for high-pressure liquid chromatography. This method showed that light has a fast effect on bilirubin metabolism in homozygous Gunn rats, even at low doses and intensities. This is consistent with geometric isomerization of bilirubin IXalpha as a primary step in phototherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonagh, A F -- Ramonas, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 1;201(4358):829-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/581101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bile/metabolism ; Bilirubin/blood/*metabolism/radiation effects ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal/*therapy ; Kinetics ; Liver/metabolism ; *Phototherapy ; Rats
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  • 40
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    delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol: antiaggressive effects in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the most active constituent of marihuana, decreased species-specific attack behavior in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys at doses (0.25 to 2.0 milligram per kilogram of body weight) that have no effects on other elements of the behavioral repertoire. Aggressive behavior was engendered in all three species by confronting a resident animal with an intruder conspecific. The present results contrast with the widely held belief that marihuana increases aggressive behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miczek, K A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1459-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*drug effects ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dronabinol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Saimiri ; Territoriality
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  • 41
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    Aminophylline increases cerebral metabolic rate and decreases anoxic survival in young mice (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-18
    Description: In weanling mice treated with pharmacologic doses of aminophylline, the concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the brain increased 44 and 36 percent, respectively, and the cerebral metabolic rate was three times that in controls. In neonatal mice, therapeutic doses of aminophylline greatly decreased the rate of anoxic survival in vivo and the duration of gasping of the isolated head. The findings suggest caution in the use of this drug and other methylxanthines in hypoxic human newborns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thurston, J H -- Hauhard, R E -- Dirgo, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 18;201(4356):649-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/209541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Aminophylline/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anoxia/physiopathology ; Apnea/drug therapy ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cheyne-Stokes Respiration/drug therapy ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism/*drug effects ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucosephosphates/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/drug therapy ; Mice
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    Medial preoptic lesions and male sexual behavior: age and environmental interactions (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-23
    Description: In all species studied, the medial preoptic area has been found to be necessary for male copulatory behavior. No recovery of sexual function from the medial preoptic area lesions appears to have been reported. This study demonstrates that rats with large lesions of the medial preoptic area exhibit adult male sexual behavior when the surgery is performed prepuberally and the rats have interacted socially with peers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Twiggs, D G -- Popolow, H B -- Gerall, A A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 23;200(4348):1414-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation/*physiology ; Environment ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Male ; Preoptic Area/*physiology ; Rats ; *Sexual Maturation
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    Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: chain elongation to omega-cyclopropyl fatty acids by mammals and plants (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: Rats dosed orally which [carboxyl-14C]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (or its hexadecyl ester) retain radioactivity in tissue as novel triacylglycerols. The most abundant 14C-labeled metabolites were identified by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as 13-cyclopropyltridecanoic and 15-cyclopropylpentadecanoic acids. Similar omega-cyclopropyl fatty acids are produced by beagle dogs and a lactating cow, as well as by apple and orange trees.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schooley, D A -- Quistad, G B -- Staiger, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):544-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carboxylic Acids/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cyclopropanes/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Female ; Milk/metabolism ; Mites/drug effects ; Pesticides/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Rats
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  • 44
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    Adrenocorticotropin in rat brain: immunocytochemical localization in cells and axons (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: By means of antiserum (purified by affinity chromatography) directed against adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) 11-24, cell bodies and beaded axons were visualized in rat brain. The ACTH-like immunoreactivity (ACTH-LI) was primarily located in the hypothalamus (cells and axons). Fibers were scattered throughout thalamus, amygdala, periaqueductal gray area, and reticular formation. There was no change in the distribution of ACTH-LI in rats that had been subjected to hypophysectomy. This distribution of ACTH-LI parallels that of beta-lipotropin and is altered by specific lesions in a similar fashion. The presence of ACTH-LI in cells and beaded axons in brain raises the possibility that it is a neuroregulator functioning as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, or neurohormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, S J -- Richard, C W 3rd -- Barchas, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1180-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/206967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*metabolism ; Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; Brain/cytology/*metabolism ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Pituitary Gland/*metabolism ; Rats ; beta-Lipotropin/metabolism
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    Chronic focal epileptiform discharges induced by injection of iron into rat and cat cortex (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-06-30
    Description: A single injection of 5 or 10 microliters of ferrous or ferric chloride into rat or cat sensorimotor cortex resulted in chronic recurrent focal paroxysmal electroencephalographic discharges as well as behavioral convulsions and electrical seizures. Recurrent focal epileptiform discharge caused by cortical injection of iron salts suggests that the development of human posttraumatic epilepsy may depend, in part, on the neurochemical alterations induced by the principal metallic ions found in whole blood.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willmore, L J -- Sypert, G W -- Munson, J V -- Hurd, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 30;200(4349):1501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/96527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects/physiopathology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Electrophysiology ; Epilepsies, Partial/*chemically induced ; Ferric Compounds ; Ferrous Compounds ; *Iron ; Rats ; Seizures/*chemically induced/physiopathology
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    Antibody diversity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-10-06
    Description: Three important aspects of immunoglobulin gene organization and structure have emerged from studies of cloned immunoglobulin kappa chain genes. (i) Multiple variable genes are encoded separately in the genome of both immunoglobulin-producing and uncommitted (embryonic) cells, thereby establishing the evolutionary base for generating immunoglobulin diversity. (ii) These genes exist as many small, closely related families (subgroups) that share close sequence homology largely within their own subgroup. (iii) Comparison of two cloned variable gene segments derived from a single subgroup reveals a feature of their structure that distinguishes them from fixed genes (that is, globin genes) and provides, through extensive surrounding sequence homology, a large target for intergenic recombination. This last observation suggests that a simple recombination mechanism may account for their genetic instability in both germ line and somatic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidman, J G -- Leder, A -- Nau, M -- Norman, B -- Leder, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 6;202(4363):11-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibody Specificity ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites, Antibody/*genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Mammalian/immunology ; *Genes ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulins/*genetics ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology ; Plasmacytoma/immunology ; Recombination, Genetic
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    Effect of oxygen pressure during culture on survival of mouse thyroid allografts (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-06-02
    Description: A marked increase in the percentage of mouse thyroids that retained function 20 days after transplantation across a major histocompatibility barrier and the percentage that lacked generalized infiltration was observed when the grafts received hyperbaric oxygen during a 4-day culture period. Perfusion of the donor animal before thyroidotomy and the addition of fetal calf serum to the culture medium did not have a significant effect on graft survival, but the percentage of grafts lacking generalized infiltration was slightly increased by the addition of hydrocortisone to the culture medium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Talmage, D W -- Dart, G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 2;200(4345):1066-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood ; Culture Media ; *Graft Survival/drug effects ; Hydrocortisone/pharmacology ; *Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Mice ; Organ Culture Techniques/*methods ; Thyroid Gland/*transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous
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    Secretion in mast cells induced by calcium entrapped within phospholipid vesicles (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: Purified mast cells secreted histamine when fused to phospholipid vesicles containing calcium but not magnesium or potassium. Microscopic observation revealed highly localized exocytotic responses involving punctate extrusion of individual granules. Calcium delivered from the vesicles to the cytoplasm is apparently a sufficient stimulus to initiate exocytosis. The results support the calcium hypothesis of stimulus-secretion coupling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Theoharides, T C -- Douglas, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1143-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascitic Fluid/cytology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Exocytosis ; In Vitro Techniques ; Liposomes/*pharmacology ; Mast Cells/cytology/drug effects/*secretion ; Rats ; Ruthenium Red
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    Brain edema: induction in cortical slices by polyunsaturated fatty acids (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: The presence of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in leukocytic membranes prompted study of their possible role in the induction of brain edema. Polyunsaturated fatty acids including sodium arachidonate, sodium linoleate, sodium linolenate, and docasahexaenoic acids induced edma in slices of rat brain cortex. This cellular edema was specific, since neither saturated fatty acids nor a fatty acid containing a single double bond had such effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, P H -- Fishman, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):358-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids ; Brain Edema/*chemically induced ; Cerebral Cortex ; Detergents ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Granulocytes/physiology ; Hydroxy Acids ; In Vitro Techniques ; Prostaglandins ; Rats ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/chemically induced
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    Presynaptic alpha-receptor subsensitivity after long-term antidepressant treatment (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: After 3 weeks of twice-daily administration of desipramine to rats, the frequency-response curve for field stimulation of adrenergic neurons in isolated left atrial strips was shifted markedly to the left and the efflux of [3H]norepinephrine was enhanced greatly. After 1 day of treatment, only slight shifts in the frequency-response curve and small increases in [3H]norepinephrine efflux occurred although inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake was already maximal, and phenoxybenzamine caused a further shift to the left in the frequency-response curve similar to that which occurred after 3 weeks of desipramine treatment alone. A gradual decrease in the sensitivity of the presynaptic alpha receptor would explain the delay in the onset of the linical effect of the tricyclic antidepressants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, F T -- Smith, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/211589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Desipramine/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Phenoxybenzamine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*drug effects ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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    Pierce's disease of grapevines: isolation of the causal bacterium (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium has been consistently isolated from grapevines with Pierce's disease. Grapevines inoculated with the bacterium developed Pierce's disease, and the bacterium was reisolated from the plants. The bacterium was serologically and ultrastructurallv indistinguishable from the one in naturally infected plants, and also indistinguishable from a bacterium isolated from almonds with almond leaf scorch disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, M J -- Purcell, A H -- Thomson, S V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agglutination Tests ; Animals ; Cell Wall/ultrastructure ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/cytology/immunology/*isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity ; Hemiptera/microbiology ; Insect Vectors/microbiology ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Prunus/microbiology ; Rabbits ; Vitis/*microbiology
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    (S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine: an aliphatic nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: (S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine, a novel nucleoside analog, the sugar moiety of which is replaced by an aliphatic chain, inhibits the replication in vitro of several DNA and RNA viruses, including vaccinia, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), measles, and vesicular stomatitis. It is also effective in vivo in reducing the mortality rate of mice inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Clercq, E -- Descamps, J -- De Somer, P -- Holy, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):UNKNOWN.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/205946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Antiviral Agents ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/drug effects ; Female ; Measles virus/drug effects ; Mice ; Simplexvirus/drug effects ; Vaccinia virus/drug effects ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/drug effects ; Virus Replication/*drug effects
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    Infantile stimulation induces brain lateralization in rats (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: The hypothesis tested was that the effects of early experiences are asymmetrically distributed in the two brain hemispheres. Litters were either handled or not handled between birth and weaning, and the weanlings were reared in either laboratory cages or enriched environments between 21 and 50 days. When approximately 135 days old, animals within each of the four treatment groups had a right neocortical ablation, a left neocortical ablation, a sham operation, or no surgery. About 1 month later, all animals were given the open-field test for emotionality and exploratory behavior. Ablating either the right or left neocortex increased the activity scores of nonhandled controls, but there was no evidence of lateralization. However, the groups handled in infancy did show lateralization. Ablating the left brain did not significantly increase activity, but ablating the right brain caused extreme scores: handled rats without enrichment experience were the most active, and handled rats also placed into the enriched environment had near-zero scores in the open field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denenberg, V H -- Garbanati, J -- Sherman, D A -- Yutzey, D A -- Kaplan, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1150-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Emotions/physiology ; *Environment ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Functional Laterality/*physiology ; Handling (Psychology)/*physiology ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Rats
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    Phenobarbital: effects of long-term administration on behavior and brain of artificially reared rats (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: Two doses of phenobarbital were given daily for 2 weeks to infant rats fed by intragastric cannulas. The larger dose (60 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) resulted in decreased spontaneous activity and increased responses to novel stimuli. The smaller dose (15 milligrams per kilogram) resulted in increased spontaneous activity and also an increase of responses to novel stimuli. The larger dose produced a 12 percent reduction in brain growth, while the smaller dose was associated with a 3 percent reduction in brain growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diaz, J -- Schain, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):90-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects/growth & development ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Light ; Male ; Motor Activity/*drug effects ; Noise ; Phenobarbital/*administration & dosage/blood/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar
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    Long-term changes in dopaminergic innervation of caudate nucleus after continuous amphetamine administration (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: Silicone pellets containing d-amphetamine base were implanted subcutaneously in rats. These pellets release amphetamine continuously for at least 10 days. Several days after implantation, swollen dopamine axons concomitant with large decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity were observed in the caudate nucleus. Decreased tyrosine hydroxylase activity was still present 110 days after pellet removal in the caudate but not in several other brain regions, nor in the caudate of rats injected with an equivalent amount of amphetamine in daily injections. This implies that continuous amphetamine administration has a selective neurotoxic effect on dopamine terminals in the caudate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ellison, G -- Eison, M S -- Huberman, H S -- Daniel, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):276-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/*metabolism ; Caudate Nucleus/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Drug Implants ; Male ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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    Ethanol: modifications of acute intoxication by divalent cations (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: Calcium, other divalent cations, and calcium antagonists were tested for their ability to alter ethanol-induced sleeping time, hypothermia, and behavioral intoxication in mice and rats. Calcium given intraventricularly significantly enhanced sleeping time and behavioral intoxication in a dose-related manner. The ionophores X537A and A23187 accentuated the effect of a low dose of calcium, whereas the calcium chelators EDTA and EGTA decreased sleeping time. Calcium also enhanced tertiary butanol- and chloral hydrate-induced sleeping time. The effects of cations on ethanol-induced hypothermia were less significant. The results suggest the existence of a central calcium pool that is involved in ethanol intoxication in rodents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erickson, C K -- Tyler, T D -- Harris, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/343251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholic Intoxication/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Cations, Divalent ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Humans ; Lasalocid/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Movement/drug effects ; Rats
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    Sustained release of alcohol: subcutaneous silastic implants in mice (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: A sustained-release device for use in ethanol dependence studies in mice is described. The Silastic device, dubbed SERT (sustained ethanol release tube), holds 0.35 milliliter of 95 percent ethanol (by volume) and is implanted under the skin of the back where it releases ethanol for up to 12 hours, with no observable tissue damage. The device may be adaptable to the release of other volatile liquids or drugs, in other animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erickson, C K -- Koch, K I -- Mehta, C S -- McGinity, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1457-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/564551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholic Intoxication/etiology ; Alcoholism/*etiology ; Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Implants ; Drug Tolerance ; Ethanol/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Mice ; Silicone Elastomers
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    Genomic masking of nondefective recombinant murine leukemia virus in Moloney virus stocks (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-04
    Description: HIX virus cloned from Moloney leukemia virus stocks is a nondefective, leukemogenic, and amphotropic murine oncornavirus with a recombinant-type major glycoprotein. Although Moloney leukemia virus stocks generally contain little or no free amphotropic virus, dilution analysis of several virus stocks and the examination of virus progeny from individual foci revealed that HIX virus is present and functionally coated with ecotropic Moloney virus envelopes. Because most mice have serum factors that inactivate recombinant viruses, masking may represent a general survival mechanism for HIX as well as other analogous recombinant viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischinger, P J -- Blevins, C S -- Dunlop, N M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 4;201(4354):457-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Genes, Viral ; Glycoproteins/immunology ; Leukemia, Experimental/*microbiology ; Lymphoma/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/microbiology ; Mice, Inbred Strains/microbiology ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/classification/*genetics/immunology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; Viral Proteins/immunology
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    Memory: modification of anisomycin-induced amnesia by stimulants and depressants (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: Mice were trained in a passive (foot shock)avoidance task. When administered after training, the stimulants caffeine or nicotine blocked amnesia for the task that had been produced by injections of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin given prior to training. With foot shock at a higher intensity, anisomycin did not produce amnesia by itself, but the administration of the depressants chloral hydrate or sodium phenobarbital after training did cause amnesia. Stimulants and depressants did not have an appreciable influence on the overall degree of protein synthesis inhibition produced by anisomycin. The results support the hypothesis that arousal after training is an important factor in the conversion of short-term to long-term memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flood, J F -- Bennett, E L -- Orme, A E -- Rosenzweig, M R -- Jarvik, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):324-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/619461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anisomycin/*pharmacology ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Chloral Hydrate/pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis ; Nicotine/pharmacology ; Phenobarbital/pharmacology ; Pyrrolidines/*pharmacology
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    Different brain areas mediate the analgesic and epileptic properties of enkephalin (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Single injections of 120 micrograms of methionine-enkephalin were made into various midbrain and forebrain structures in the rat. Analgesia was observed after injections into or near the ventral, caudal midbrain periaqueductal gray matter. Seizures and other pathological electroencephalogram (EEG) changes were seen with injections into or near the forebrain dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus. No animals with midbrain injection sites showed EEG changes, and none with forebrain injection sites were analgesic. These data, taken together with other lines of evidence, suggest that enkephalin-induced analgesia and enkephalin-induced seizures are mediated by opiate receptors that are located in different brain areas and that are pharmacologically different.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frenk, H -- McCarty, B C -- Liebeskind, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Endorphins/pharmacology ; *Enkephalins/pharmacology ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Seizures/*chemically induced ; Thalamic Nuclei/*drug effects
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    Localization of inorganic phosphate in the pancreatic B cell and its loss on glucose stimulation (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: Perifusion experiments have shown that there is a discharge of inorganic phosphate into the medium when insulin secretion from isolated islets is stimulated by glucose. Histochemical and microprobe examination of resting pancreatic islets in the electron microscope shows a specific accumulation of inorganic phosphate adjacent to the plasmalemma and nucleolus of the B (beta) cells. This phossphate is lost from the cells during secretory stimulation of islets with high concentrations of glucose.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freinkel, N -- Pedley, K C -- Wooding, P -- Dawson, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1124-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/356269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicarbonates/pharmacology ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Islets of Langerhans/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Perfusion ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Rats
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    Long ascending projections from substantia gelatinosa Rolandi and the subjacent dorsal horn in the rat (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: Small neurons of the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi and the subjacent dorsal horn of the spinal cord have been thought to exert a direct modulatory effect only on neurons located within a distance of a few spinal segemnts. By using the technique of retorograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, however, it has been found that in the rat a significant number of these cells, particularly those of the subjacent dorsal horn, ascend many spinal segments to the lateral cervical nucleus and to the lower brainstem. These data provide an anatomic basis for a role of substantia gelatinosa Rolandi and subjacent dorsal horn cells in madulating or contributing to sensory information transmission not only in nearby segments but in far distant structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giesler, G J Jr -- Cannon, J T -- Urca, G -- Liebeskind, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):984-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/cytology ; Animals ; Brain Stem/*cytology ; Male ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/*cytology/physiology ; Substantia Gelatinosa/cytology/physiology
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    A nonpeptide morphine-like compound: immunocytochemical localization in the mouse brain (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: A nonpeptide morphine-like compound (MLC) which cross reacts with morphine-specific antibodies has been localized with the use of immunocytochemistry. This morphine-like compound is found in neuronal perikarya or processes (or both) in nuclei related to vestibular, cerebellar, and raphe systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gintzler, A R -- Gershon, M D -- Spector, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):447-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/339350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cerebellum/analysis ; Cerebral Aqueduct/analysis ; Cross Reactions ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Mice ; Morphine/*immunology ; Raphe Nuclei/analysis ; Vestibular Nuclei/analysis
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    Another flame retardant, tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)-phosphate, and its expected metabolites are mutagens (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: A flame retardant used in children's sleepwear, tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (Fyrol FR2) is a mutagen in the Salmonella-mammalian tissue homogenate test after it has been activated by mouse or rat liver homogenate. The expected enzymatic hydrolysis product, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, is similarly a mutagen after activation by liver homogenate. A proposed metabolite of the flame retardant, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone, is a potent mutagen in the absence of such activation. A flame retardant with similar structure, tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (tris-BP), was shown previously to be a mutagen, to cause sterility in animals, to be a carcinogen, and to be absorbed through human skin. These and other flame retardants have characteristic nuclear magnetic resonance spectra that can be used to determine which flame retardant is present in commercially purchased sleepwear. Sleepwear treated with tris-BP, Fyrol FR2, and other chemical additives was being sold in late 1977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gold, M D -- Blum, A -- Ames, B N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):785-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/347576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotransformation ; Flame Retardants/*toxicity ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/toxicity ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; *Mutagens ; Organophosphorus Compounds/*toxicity ; Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Phagocytosis in the retinal pigment epithelium of the RCS rat (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: The retinal pigment epithelium of RCS rats, previously thought not to phagocytize photoreceptor outer segments, exhibited a peak of phagocytosis in vivo when animals were kept under conditions of cyclic lighting (12 hours of darkness and 12 hours of light). The peak occurred at 1 hour after the onset of light, with maximum and minimum levels of phagocytosis averaging about 5 percent of that found in the pigment epithelium of Osborn-Mendel rats used as a control. Eyecups that were obtained from Osborn-Mendel rats and maintained for up to 3 hours in organ culture demonstrated levels of phagocytosis that were sevenfold greater than those of unincubated controls. Likewise a tenfold increase occurred in incubated as opposed to unicubated RCS eyes, raising the possibility that phagocytosis could be experimentally stimulated in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, A I -- O'Brien, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1023-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/567376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; Circadian Rhythm ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Phagocytes/ultrastructure ; *Phagocytosis ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Endosteal marrow: a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: Hematopoietic cells isolated from the endosteal bone surface, that is,the endosteal marrow cells, were found to consist mainly (60 to 80 percent) of lymphoid and late-stage normoblast-like cells. Unlike the cells they resemble, the endosteal marrow cells showed an affinity for Sudan black, demonstrable nucleoli (Feulgen reaction), and an absence of hemoglobin. Assays showed that over one-half of the endosteal marrow cell population may be the colony-forming units, the CFU-S of Till and McCulloch. Thus, high concentrations of stem cells could be obtained from the endosteal bone surface by means of the present isolation technique.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1443-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/75570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Nucleolus/ultrastructure ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Spleen/cytology ; Staining and Labeling
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    Intracellular translocation of iodine-125-labeled insulin: direct demonstration in isolated hepatocytes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: Insulin labeled with iodine-125 binds to receptors on isolated rat hepatocytes. At low temperatures initial binding is restricted to the plasma membrane as detected by direct quantitative autoradiographic analysis with the electron microscope. With increasing time and temperature of incubation there is a systematic and progressive translocation of autoradiographic grains to a highly limited area of the cell periphery representing no more than 15% of the radius of the cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gorden, P -- Carpentier, J L -- Freychet, P -- LeCam, A -- Orci, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):782-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Liver/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Rats ; Receptor, Insulin/*metabolism
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    Retrograde amnesia produced by several treatments: evidence for a common neurobiological mechanism (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-28
    Description: This experiment examined the effects on memory of various amnestic treatments in animals earlier treated with the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phenoxybenzamine (PBZ). Thirty minutes before being trained in a one-trial inhibitory (passive) avoidance task, animals received an injection of PBZ or saline. Immediately after training, each animal received one of the following amnestic treatments: stimulation of the frontal cortex or amygdala, pentylenetetrazol, diethyldithiocarbamate, or cycloheximide. In control animals, each treatment produced retrograde amnesia. However, PBZ-treated animals did not develop amnesia. These findings suggest that there may be a common neurobiological mechanism underlying the amnesias produced by many treatments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gold, P E -- Sternberg, D B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 28;201(4353):367-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/208153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnesia/*etiology ; Amnesia, Retrograde/*etiology/prevention & control ; Amygdala/physiopathology ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Cycloheximide/antagonists & inhibitors ; Ditiocarb/antagonists & inhibitors ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Memory/*drug effects ; Mice ; Phenoxybenzamine/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Seizures/complications
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  • 69
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    Amantadine: neuromuscular blockade by suppression of ionic conductance of the acetylcholine receptor (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Amantadine hydrochloride decreases the sensitivity of denervated mammalian muscle to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine. The drug depresses the amplitude of the end-plate current and reverses the slope of the relation between half-decay time and membrane potential suggesting that it alters the ionic conductance that is mediated by the acetylcholine receptor. Binding studies confirm that amantadine acts on the ion conductance modulator rather than the acetylcholine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Albuquerque, E X -- Eldefrawi, A T -- Eldefrawi, M E -- Mansour, N A -- Tsai, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):788-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism/*physiology ; Amantadine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Organ/drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Fishes ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Motor Endplate/drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscles/innervation/metabolism ; *Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*drug effects ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Toxins, Biological/metabolism
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  • 70
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    Rod-cone dysplasia in Irish setters: a defect in cyclic GMP metabolism in visual cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: An abnormality in retinal guanosine 3,5-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) metabolism is demonstrated in the inherited rod-cone dysplasis of Irish Setter dogs. Affected visual cells are deficient in cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity and have elevated levels of cyclic GMP. The biochemical abnormalities observed in affected retinas of Irish Setters are similar to those in the retinas of mice with inherited retinal degeneration before visual cell degeneration begins. A defect in cyclic GMP metabolism may be characteristic of early-onset degenerative diseases of the retina, possibly including those that affect humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aquirre, G -- Farber, D -- Lolley, R -- Fletcher, R T -- Chader, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1133-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/210508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/*deficiency ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromosome Aberrations/genetics/metabolism/pathology/veterinary ; Chromosome Disorders ; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism ; Dog Diseases/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Dogs ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Photoreceptor Cells/metabolism/pathology ; Retina/enzymology/*metabolism/pathology ; Retinal Degeneration/genetics/metabolism/pathology/*veterinary
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  • 71
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    Increasing adipocyte number as the basis for perirenal depot growth in adult rats (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: The mass of the perirenal adipose depot in male Fischer 344 rats increases between 6 and 18 months of age. This increase is due to an increase in the number of adipocytes in this depot, in contrast with the concept that adipocyte number is constant throughout adult life. The epididymal depot increases in mass between 6 and 18 months of age by adipocyte hypertrophy alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertrand, H A -- Masoro, E J -- Yu, B P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1234-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/151328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*cytology ; Animals ; Epididymis ; Kidney ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
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  • 72
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    Polarity of the blood-brain barrier: neutral amino acid transport into isolated brain capillaries (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-10-13
    Description: Capillary endothelial cells isolated from rat brain exhibit Na+-dependent uptake of the neutral amino acid analog alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid. Since studies in vivo demonstrate that this transport system is not present on the blood side of brain capillaries we conclude that Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transport is located on the brain side. Therefore, the luminal plasma membrane and the antiluminal plasma membrane appear to be functionally distinct. This polarity should permit brain capillary endothelial cells to actively regulate the internal milieu of the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Betz, A L -- Goldstein, G W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 13;202(4364):225-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/211586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoisobutyric Acids/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; *Capillary Permeability ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cerebral Cortex/*blood supply ; Endothelium/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Leucine/*metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
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  • 73
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    Cloning human fetal gamma globin and mouse alpha-type globin DNA: preparation and screening of shotgun collections (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: Shotgun collections of Charon 3A bacteriophages containing Eco RI fragments of human and mouse DNA were constructed with the use of in vitro packaging. Plaques were screened by hybridization, and globin-specific clones were isolated from both human (Charon 3AHs51.1) and mouse (Charon 3AMm30.5). The fragments cloned were detected in unfractionated genomic DNA by the Southern method of hybridization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blattner, F R -- Blechl, A E -- Denniston-Thompson, K -- Faber, H E -- Richards, J E -- Slightom, J L -- Tucker, P W -- Smithies, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1279-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/725603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coliphages/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics ; *Genes ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans ; Methods ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Poly A ; Poly T
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  • 74
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    Lecithin consumption increases acetylcholine concentrations in rat brain and adrenal gland (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-10-13
    Description: Consumption of a single meal containing lecithin, the major source of choline occurring naturally in the diet, increased the concentrations of choline and acetylcholine in rat brain and adrenal gland. Hence, the concentration of acetylcholine in the tissues may normally be under direct, short-term nutritional control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hirsch, M J -- Wurtman, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 13;202(4364):223-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/694529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/blood/*metabolism ; Adrenal Glands/*metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Choline/blood/*metabolism ; Diet ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/diet therapy ; Male ; Phosphatidylcholines/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Rats
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    Behavioral competition: a mechanism for schedule interactions (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-10-27
    Description: Rats pressing a lever for food reinforcement showed large positive-contrast effects when provided with the opportunity for a competing wheel-running response. Positive and negative behavioral contrast may reflect reallocation of competing interim and terminal responses between schedule components following changes in the reinforcement conditions in one component.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinson, J M -- Staddon, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 27;202(4366):432-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/705334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Rats ; *Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Reinforcement Schedule
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  • 76
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    Cholestyramine: use as a new therapeutic approach for chlordecone (kepone) poisoning (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-02-24
    Description: In rats, as reported in humans, chlordecone (Kepone) is excreted predominantly in the feces. Cholestyramine, an anion exchange resin, binds chlordecone in rat intestine, increases its excretion into the feces, and decreases its content in the tissues. The resin appears to offer a practical method for treating chronic poisoning with this and possibly with other lipophilic toxins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boylan, J J -- Egle, J L -- Guzelian, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 24;199(4331):893-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/74852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bile/metabolism ; Chlordecone/metabolism/*poisoning ; Cholestyramine Resin/*therapeutic use ; Feces/metabolism ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Insecticides/*poisoning ; Male ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 77
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    Inhibition of bone resorption in vitro by a cartilage-derived anticollagenase factor (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: A cartilage-derived factor containing a specific collagenous inhibitor was found to block reversibly parathyroid hormone-stimulated 45Ca release from fetal rat bone in vitro. Morphologic and quantitative histometric examination revealed that this factor modulates osteoclastic activities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horton, J E -- Wezeman, F H -- Kuettner, K E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1342-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Resorption/*drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cartilage/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Microbial Collagenase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Osteoclasts/physiology/ultrastructure ; Parathyroid Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats
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  • 78
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    Light stimulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine synthesis in retinal amacrine neurons (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-11-24
    Description: Retinal dopamine-containing amacrine neurons are rapidly activated by light, as shown by an increase in the rate of dopamine formation in vivo and a concomitant increase in the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, measured in vitro with a subsaturating concentration of pteridine cofactor. Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase also occurs when isolated eyes from rats killed in the dark are exposed to a strobe light. Studies of amacrine neurons should provide basic data about the biochemical processing of visual information, as well as the physiological presynaptic regulatory mechanisms of dopamine-containing neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iuvone, P M -- Galli, C L -- Garrison-Gund, C K -- Neff, N H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 24;202(4370):901-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Dopamine/*biosynthesis ; Enzyme Activation/radiation effects ; Kinetics ; *Light ; Male ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/cytology/enzymology/*metabolism ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*biosynthesis
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  • 79
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    Diurnal rhythm: effects on hepatic regeneration and hepatic regenerative stimulator substance (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-10
    Description: The effect of a controlled lighting schedule on the activity of a weanling rat liver extract that stimulates DNA synthesis in regenerating adult rat liver, and on the response of the test animals to the extract, has been investigated. Both activity of the extract and endogenous DNA synthesis in the weanling animals follow the same distinct diurnal rhythm. Reversal of the lighting schedule reverses the rhythm of endogenous DNA synthesis but activity of the extract no longer correlates with the peak of DNA synthesis. Diurnal rhythm also has a striking effect on DNA synthesis in the regenerating test animal, but the extract increases DNA synthesis to the same relative degree, regardless of the time of day the hepatectomy is performed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LaBrecque, D R -- Feigenbaum, A -- Bachur, N R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 10;199(4333):1082-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/564547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; *Circadian Rhythm ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Hepatectomy ; Light ; Liver/*physiology ; *Liver Regeneration/drug effects ; Male ; Rats
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  • 80
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    Selective depression of serum growth hormone during maternal deprivation in rat pups (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Maternal deprivation was associated with a decline in immunoreactive growth hormone in the serum of rat pups. Pups that were returned to the mother showed a rapid reversal in this deprivation-induced decrease. The change in growth hormone concentration was not accompanied by changes in the concentrations of prolactin, thyrotropin, or corticosterone in the serum, but were correlated with alteration in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in the brain. Treatment of neonatal rat pups with cyprohepatadine, a serotonin antagonist that suppresses growth hormone secretion, resulted in a significant decline in both serum growth hormone concentration and brain ornithine decarboxylase activity. These findings suggest that maternal deprivation elicits a specific suppression of growth hormone release which mediates the decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity. The study is consistent with clinical findings of impaired growth hormone "responsitivity" in human maternal deprivation syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuhn, C M -- Butler, S R -- Schanberg, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1034-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Brain/drug effects/enzymology ; Cyproheptadine/pharmacology ; Growth Hormone/*blood ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Prolactin/blood ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 81
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    Hippocampal aging and adrenocorticoids: quantitative correlations (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-12-08
    Description: Altered neural-endocrine relations have been proposed as factors in mammalian aging. In the same rats from three age groups we quantified astrocyte reactivity in hippocampus, performed radioimmunoassays for plasma adrenocorticoids, and measured adrenal weight. These variables were correlated in individual animals and generally increased with age. The findings are consistent with recent hypotheses that endocrine levels are related to brain aging, either as cause or effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landfield, P W -- Waymire, J C -- Lynch, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 8;202(4372):1098-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*anatomy & histology ; *Aging ; Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Corticosterone/*blood ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Male ; Neuroglia/cytology ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344
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  • 82
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    Limitation of excessive myelopoiesis by the intrinsic modulation of macrophage-derived prostaglandin E (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: The clonal proliferation of the committed granulocyte-macrophage stem cell is controlled by a balance between mutually opposing factors, colony stimulating factor and prostaglandin E, both of monocyte-macrophage derivation. Increases beyond a critical concentration of colony stimulating factor within the local milieu of the mononuclear phagocyte induces the coincident elaboration of prostaglandin E, a self-regulated response which serves to limit the unopposed humoral stimulation of myelopoiesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurland, J I -- Bockman, R S -- Broxmeyer, H E -- Moore, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):552-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/304600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/*physiology ; Feedback ; Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Granulocytes/*cytology ; *Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Leukocytes/*cytology ; Macrophages/cytology/*physiology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Monocytes/*physiology ; Prostaglandins E/*physiology
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  • 83
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    Enkephalin-containing neurons visualized in spinal cord cell cultures (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-08-04
    Description: Neuronal cells, axons, and terminals containing immunoreactive enkephalin have been visualized in cultures of dissociated fetal spinal cord. These cultures may provide a valuable system in which to explore the effects of chronic drug treatment on the physiology of enkephalin-containing cells and their interactions with other cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neale, J H -- Barker, J L -- Uhl, G R -- Snyder, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 4;201(4354):467-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Endorphins/*metabolism ; Enkephalins/*metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology/embryology/*metabolism
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  • 84
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    Angiotensin regulates release and synthesis of serotonin in brain (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-08
    Description: Angiotensin II released serotonin from neuron terminals and accelerated synthesis of the serotonin. This increase in synthesis depended on the activation of tryptophan hydroxylase. A biphasic effect was observed: at high doses the stimulatory effect depended on conversion of angiotensin II to angiotensin III. At low doses an inhibitory effect was found, possible dependent on an angiotensin II metabolite. These actions represent a subtle regulation of the open-loop serotonin system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nahmod, V E -- Finkielman, S -- Benarroch, E E -- Pirola, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 8;202(4372):1091-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/152460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Angiotensin III/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Brain Stem/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Fenclonine/pharmacology ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects ; Serotonin/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 85
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    Cholecystokinin inhibits tail pinch-induced eating in rats (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: Peripheral administration of the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin in doses from 1 to 100 micrograms per kilogram of body weight (0.25 to 25.0 micrograms per rat) significantly antagonized tail pinch-induced eating in rats, an animal model for stress-induced human hyperphagia. Centrally administered cholecystokinin was effective only in high doses (3 micrograms into the cerebral ventricle). The finding that the minimal effective dose of cholecystokinin in suppressing stress-induced appetitive behavior is smaller after peripheral than central administration suggests that the peptide is acting on peripheral, as opposed to central nervous system, substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemeroff, C B -- Osbahr, A J 3rd -- Bissette, G -- Jahnke, G -- Lipton, M A -- Prange, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):793-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/565535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Bradykinin/pharmacology ; Cholecystokinin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Rats ; Stress, Psychological
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  • 86
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    Leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, decreases protein degradation in normal and diseased muscles (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-03
    Description: The protease inhibitor leupeptin decreases protein degradation in rat skeletal and cardiac muscle incubated in vitro, while protein synthesis remains unaltered. Leupeptin also lowers protein breakdown in denervated rat muscles and affected muscles from mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Leupeptin may thus be useful in retarding tissue atrophy. Since homogenates of leupeptin-treated muscles had decreased cathepsin B activity, this lysosomal protease may play a role in protein turnover in normal and diseased muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Libby, P -- Goldberg, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 3;199(4328):534-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/622552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cathepsins/antagonists & inhibitors ; In Vitro Techniques ; Leupeptins/*pharmacology ; Lysosomes/enzymology ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle Proteins/*metabolism ; Muscles/*enzymology ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/*metabolism ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Oligopeptides/*pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors ; Rats
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  • 87
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    Virus-induced diabetes mellitus: reovirus infection of pancreatic beta cells in mice (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-11
    Description: Reovirus type 3, passaged in pancreatic beta-cell cultures, produced an insulitis when inoculated into 1- to 2-week-old mice. By means of a double-label antibody technique, in which we used fluorescein-labeled antibody to reovirus and rhodamine-labeled antibody to insulin, reovirus antigens were found in beta cells. By electron microscopy, viral particles in different stages of morphogenesis were observed in insulin-containing beta cells but not glucagon-containing alpha cells. The infection resulted in destruction of beta cells, reduction in the insulin content of the pancreas, and alteration in the host's capacity to respond normally to a glucose tolerance test.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Onodera, T -- Jenson, A B -- Yoon, J W -- Notkins, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 11;201(4355):529-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/208156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology ; Insulin/metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism/*microbiology ; Mammalian orthoreovirus 3/immunology ; Mice ; Reoviridae Infections/*complications ; Virus Replication
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and 17beta-estradiol bind to different macromolecules in estrogen target tissues (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC), added to the limit of its solubility, did not compete with tritiated 17beta-estradiol for binding to estrogen receptor sites in mouse mammary or uterine cytosols. On sucrose density gradients of low-ionic strength, mammary cytosol labeled with [3H]estradiol exhibited a binding peak near the "8S" region typical of estrogen receptor whereas in cytosol labeled with delta9-[3H]THC binding was limited to the nonspecific 4- to 5S region. Differences in sedimentation properties and reciprocal competition studies strongly refute previous claims that delta-9-THC binds to estrogen receptor and that by so doing it directly acts as an estrogen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okey, A B -- Bondy, G P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):312-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Dronabinol/*metabolism ; Estradiol/*metabolism ; Female ; Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Uterus/metabolism
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  • 89
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    Biologically active pituitary hormones in the rat brain amygdaloid nucleus (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: While an attempt was being made to identify the source of the growth hormone releasing factor present in cerebral spinal fluid of man, it was discovered that cells of the rat amygdaloid nucleus, grown in tissue culture, produce a material that is immunologically and chromatographically identical to growth hormone found in the pituitary. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed dense accumulation of the peroxidase-antibody to growth hormone complex in amygdala cells. Significant amounts of growth hormone and adrenocorticotropin could be extracted from this limbic structure. Extracts containing immunoequivalent amounts of growth hormone were measured by bioassay in hypophysectomized rats. Stimulation of the growth of epiphyseal cartilage by extracts of the amygdala was comparable to the stimulation by extracts of anterior pituitary glands. The stimulatory effect of amygdala extracts on adrenal and gonadal size and weight and on growth of thyroid follicular epithelium was also comparable to that of pituitary extracts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pacold, S T -- Kirsteins, L -- Hojvat, S -- Lawrence, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):804-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/203034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/drug effects ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/isolation & purification ; Amygdala/*analysis ; Animals ; Female ; Growth Hormone/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Hypophysectomy ; Male ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Ovary/drug effects ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Testis/drug effects ; Tibia/drug effects/growth & development
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  • 90
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    Crankcase oils: are they a major mutagenic burden in the aquatic environment? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-21
    Description: Fractions from used crankcase oil enriched in polyaromatic hydrocarbons induced revertant colonies in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 98 when activated by rat or trout liver extracts. The mutagenic activity was not due to benzopyrene or benzanthracene. Fractions from various crude and refined petroleums were nonmutagenic. Among various petroleum hydrocarbons entering inland and coastal waters, used crankcase oils may represent a major mutagenic burden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Payne, J F -- Martins, I -- Rahimtula, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):329-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotransformation ; Fishes ; Liver/metabolism ; Mutagens/*metabolism ; Oils/metabolism ; *Petroleum ; Rats
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  • 91
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    Rapid changes in brain benzodiazepine receptors after experimental seizures (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-24
    Description: Seizures induced in the rat by electroshock or by injections of pentylenetetrazol increase the specific binding of diazepam to putative receptor sites in cerebral cortical membranes. The enhancement of diazepam binding results from a rapid increase in the number of available binding sites rather than a change in receptor affinity. The postictal increase in cortical benzodiazepine receptors suggests that the cerebral cortex might be more sensitive to the anticonvulsant effects of the benzodiazepines after seizures. This observation may be related to the mechanism of action of these drugs in the treatment of recurrent seizures such as status epilepticus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paul, S M -- Skolnick, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 24;202(4370):892-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anoxia/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Diazepam/*metabolism ; Electroshock ; Kinetics ; Male ; Pentylenetetrazole ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Seizures/*metabolism ; Synaptosomes/metabolism
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  • 92
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    Long-term treatment with lithium prevents the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-14
    Description: Long-term treatment of rats with haloperidol produced an increased sensitivity to the locomotor and stereotypic effect of apomorphine. This behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity was accompanied by increased binding of [3H] spiroperidol in the striatum. Rats treated concurrently with lithium and haloperidol failed to develop both behavioral sensitivity to apomorphine and increased striatal dopamine receptor binding. The ability of lighium to prevent recurrent manicdepressive episodes may be related, in part, to its ability to stabilize dopaminergic receptor sensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pert, A -- Rosenblatt, J E -- Sivit, C -- Pert, C B -- Bunney, W E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 14;201(4351):171-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/566468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Stereotyped Behavior/drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 93
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    Motor nerve sprouting and acetylcholine receptors (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: Sprouting of motor nerve terminals was evoked by functional denervation of skeletal muscles brought about by presynaptic blockade or disuse. The amount of sprouting, determined by morphometric measurement, was correlated with the level of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors. Sprouting was inhibited by blockade of acetylcholine receptors with alpha-bungarotoxin. Extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors may play an important role in eliciting motor nerve terminal sprouting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pestronk, A -- Drachman, D B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1223-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/204007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Botulinum Toxins/pharmacology ; Bungarotoxins/*pharmacology ; Female ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; *Muscle Denervation ; Nerve Endings/physiology/ultrastructure ; Neural Conduction/drug effects ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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  • 94
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    Striatal nondopaminergic neurons: possible involvement in feeding and drinking behavior (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: Intracaudate injections of kainic acid destroy striatal neurons containing acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid but leave dopaminergic nerve terminals in this brain region intact. Rats injected with the drug are aphagic and adipsic, and have other behavioral abnormalities strikingly similar to those seen in animals with lesions in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal bundle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pettibone, D J -- Kaufman, N -- Scally, M C -- Meyer, E Jr -- Ulus, I -- Lytle, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Caudate Nucleus/*drug effects/physiology ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drinking Behavior/*drug effects ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Kainic Acid/*pharmacology ; Male ; Posture ; Pyrrolidines/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 95
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    Visualization of a guinea pig T lymphocyte surface component cross-reactive with immunoglobulin (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) show exquisite specificity in recognition of antigens, but the nature of the cell surface receptor is controversial. Although antigen recognition mediated by immunoglobulin variable (V) regions remains the minimal hypothesis, it has been extremely difficult to definitely establish the presence of immunoglobulins on these cells. Chicken antibodies, produced against the (Fab')2fragment of mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and purified by binding to and elution from IgG-Sepharose 4B, bind to an endogenously synthesized surface component of guinea pig T cells. The binding occurred via a cross-reaction with murine k chain and a heavy chain determinant localized in the Fd region, and was visualized by immunofluorescence and immunoelectronmicroscopy using both transmission and scanning techniques. These data provide direct evidence for the presence of a surface component related to immunoglobulin on T lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marchalonis, J J -- Bucana, C -- Hoyer, L -- Warr, G W -- Hanna, M G Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):433-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/74094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cross Reactions ; Epitopes ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunologic Techniques ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*analysis ; Rosette Formation ; Species Specificity ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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  • 96
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    beta-Endorphin is associated with overeating in genetically obese mice (ob/ob) and rats (fa/fa) (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: Small doses of the opiate antagonist naloxone selectively abolished overeating in genetically obese mice (ob/ob) and rats (fa/fa). Elevated concentrations of the naturally occurring opiate beta-endorphin were found in the pituitaries of both obese species and in the blood plasma of the obese rats. Brain levels of beta-endorphin and Leu-enkephalin were unchanged. These data suggest that excess pituitary beta-endorphin may play a role in the development of the overeating and obesity syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margules, D L -- Moisset, B -- Lewis, M J -- Shibuya, H -- Pert, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):988-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Eating/drug effects ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Obese/*physiology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Obesity/genetics/*physiopathology ; Pituitary Gland/physiology ; Rats
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  • 97
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    Ultraviolet radiation--induced chromosomal abnormalities in fetal fibroblasts from New Zealand black mice (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-08
    Description: Fibroblasts from New Zealand Black mouse fetuses manifest increased frequency of chromosomal breaks and interchanges after exposure to ultraviolet radiation when compared with cells from BABL/c fetuses. This chromosomal instability is similar to what has been reported in cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and may be related to the chromosomally abnormal clones and malignancy previously reported in adult New Zealand Black mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, A L -- Fialkow, P G -- Salo, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 8;201(4359):920-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes/*radiation effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/physiology ; Mice, Inbred NZB/*physiology ; *Ultraviolet Rays ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum/physiopathology
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  • 98
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    The LDH virus: an interfering biological contaminant (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riley, V -- Spackman, D H -- Santisteban, G A -- Dalldorf, G -- Hellstrom, I -- Hellstrom, K E -- Lance, E M -- Rowson, K E -- Mahy, B W -- Alexander, P -- Stock, C C -- Sjogren, H O -- Hollander, V P -- Horzinek, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 14;200(4338):124-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/263259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/microbiology ; Virus Diseases/microbiology
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  • 99
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    6-Mercaptopurine treatment of pregnant mice: effects on second and third generations (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: The immunosuppressive drug 6-mercaptopurine is embryotoxic in mice. Of the surviving female offspring of mice treated with low doses of 6-mercaptopurine during pregnancy, despite normal body weight and general appearance, many were either sterile or, if they became pregnant, had smaller litters and more dead fetuses as compared to offspring of mothers that had not received the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reimers, T J -- Sluss, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/663638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 6-Mercaptopurine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Fetal Death/*chemically induced ; Fetus/drug effects ; Germ Cells/*drug effects ; Infertility, Female/*chemically induced ; Litter Size/drug effects ; Mice ; Ovary/cytology/drug effects/embryology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Histamine H1 receptor-mediated guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate formation by cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-07
    Description: Incubation of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells with histamine caused a rapid and marked increase in the formation of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) by these cells. Receptor agonists for H1, but not H2, caused this effect which was reduced by H1 but not by H2 or muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists. These results indicate that activation of H1 receptors in these cultured nerve cells stimulated cyclic GMP formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richelson, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 7;201(4350):69-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Carbachol/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism ; Histamine/*pharmacology ; Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology ; Mice ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Histamine/*drug effects ; Receptors, Histamine H1/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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