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  • Chemistry  (5,599)
  • AIRCRAFT  (313)
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY  (268)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • Magnetism
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (6,203)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1925-1929
  • 1973  (6,203)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (6,203)
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  • 1
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    Impact (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Impact, emergency escape and crash survival protection are studied. Accleration, the G system of units, data interpretation, and human tolerance limits are summarized, along with physiological and biochemical response to impact. Biomechanical factors of impact are also cited.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 221-295
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  • 2
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    Work, heat, and oxygen cost (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Human energy is discussed in terms of the whole man. The physical work a man does, the heat he produces, and the quantity of oxygen he takes from the air to combine with food, the fuel source of his energy, are described. The daily energy exchange, work and heat dissipation, oxygen costs of specific activities, anaerobic work, and working in space suits are summarized.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 847-879
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  • 3
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    Human control capabilities (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The capabilities and limitations of man as an element in a closed loop control system under normal environmental conditions are described. Controller characteristics are enumerated, using manual control, quasilinear models, pilot opinion and ratings, compensatory tracking, optimum control models, motion cues, multiple input tracking, multiple loop tracking, transmission delays, and adaptive manual control. Various controls, manipulators, and displays are also considered.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 751-806
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  • 4
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    Noise and blast (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Noise and blast environments are described, providing a definition of units and techniques of noise measurement and giving representative booster-launch and spacecraft noise data. The effects of noise on hearing sensitivity and performance are reviewed, and community response to noise exposure is discussed. Physiological, or nonauditory, effects of noise exposure are also treated, as are design criteria and methods for minimizing the noise effects of hearing sensitivity and communications. The low level sound detection and speech reception are included, along with subjective and behavioral responses to noise.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 693-750
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  • 5
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    Rotary acceleration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Rotary acceleration is found to be a manifestation of angular acceleration, and is always present during steady state spinning or tumbling, even when the angular velocity is constant. Subjective reactions and tolerances, performance, physiological effects, and pathological effects are reviewed for rotary acceleration. Thresholds for stimulation perception by angular acceleration in man are presented in tabular form.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 191-219
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  • 6
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    Atmosphere (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Properties of elements and compounds are considered which make up or may be added to a gaseous environment suitable for humans. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are emphasized; nitrogen and the noble gases are also cited. Other gaseous compounds, such as carbon monoxide, methane, and sulfur hexafluoride, are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 35-63
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  • 7
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    Sustained linear acceleration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The subjective effects of sustained acceleration are discussed, including positive, negative, forward, backward, and lateral acceleration effects. Physiological effects, such as retinal and visual response, unconsciousness and cerebral function, pulmonary response, and renal output, are studied. Human tolerance and performance under sustained acceleration are ascertained.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 149-190
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  • 8
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    Combined environmental stresses (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Tolerance levels, physiological effects, and performance degradation during simultaneous or sequential exposures to two environmental stresses, and also three or more simultaneous stresses are described. Environmental stress combinations are characterized by four descriptors: order of occurrence, duration of exposure, severity of exposure, and type of interaction. Combined stress data and facilities for combined stress study are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 881-914
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  • 9
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    Temperature (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The problems in human comfort in heat stress are emphasized, with less emphasis placed upon cold exposure problems. Physiological parameters related to human thermal interactions are discussed, as well as data concerning thermal protective clothing. The energy balance equation, heat transfer equation, thermal comfort, heat stress, and cold stress are also considered. A two node model of human temperature regulation in FORTRAN is appended.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 65-148
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  • 10
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    Ionizing radiation (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The penetrating ionizing space radiations are found to be extremely diverse in the energy range of both their particulate and their electromagnetic components. Radiation terms and measures and ionizing radiation classes and sources are presented. Whole body radiation effects are examined, including radiation intensity and rate effectiveness factors. Radiation effects on specific body systems, such as blood, skin, visual, and reproductive systems are also discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 417-454
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  • 11
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    Barometric pressure (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The effects of alterations in barometric pressure on human beings are described. Human tolerances for gaseous environments and low and high barometric pressure are discussed, including effects on specific areas, such as the ear, lungs, teeth, and sinuses. Problems due to trapped gas within the body, high dynamic pressures on the body, and blasts are also considered.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 1-34
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  • 12
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    Vibration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Man's reactions to vibration are emphasized rather than his reactions to the vibrational characteristics of vehicles. Vibrational effects studies include: performance effects reflected in tracking proficiency, reaction time, visual impairment, and other measures related to man's ability to control a system; physiological reactions; biodynamic responses; subjective reactions; and human tolerance limits. Technological refinements in shaker systems and improved experimental designs are used to validate the data.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 297-348
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  • 13
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    Locomotion in a rotating environment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A rotating space station simulator is being used to obtain data on man's performance in a rotating environment. At present the facility is being used to assess the effects of rotation on man's walking capabilities on circular and flat walls at g-levels from 0.05 to 0.75g. Some of the preliminary results are reviewed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 67-72
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  • 14
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    Effects of visual reference on adaptation to motion sickness and subjective responses evoked by graded cross-coupled angular accelerations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Three groups of 10 subjects each were exposed to stepwise increments of cross coupled angular accelerations in three visual modes: internal visual reference (IVR), external visual reference (EVR), and vision absent (VA). The subjects in the IVR condition required significantly greater amounts of stimulus exposure to neutralize their illusory subjective reactions. They also suffered a greater loss of well-being and a more marked incidence of motion sickness than did subjects in the EVR and VA conditions. The same 30 subjects were reexposed to the same graded cross coupled stimulation 1 week later. This time, however, all the subjects were tested under only the IVR condition. All three groups showed some positive transfer of adaptation, but only the IVR-IVR combination required significantly fewer head motions to achieve the same level of adaptation on the second occasion. Taken overall, however, the most efficient and least disturbing route to adaptation at the completion of the second test was via the VA-IVR combination.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 87-97
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  • 15
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    Some physiological aspects of artificial gravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of increasing artificial gravity exposure on four aspects of physiological fitness are examined in four young men who, prior to exposure, were deconditioned with bed rest and water immersion. The four aspects of physiological fitness are orthostatic tolerance, exercise tolerance, forearm endurance, and maximum strength. Orthostatic tolerance was sharply reduced by deconditioning and was substantially improved by walking in simulated lunar gravity (1/6 g) for 2.5 hours daily for 7 days or by walking in 1/2 g and 1 g for 1 hour daily for 3 days. Exercise tolerance was also sharply reduced by deconditioning but did not significantly improve with increasing g-exposure. Walking in 1 g for 1 hour daily for 3 days raised exercise tolerance only a little above the low produced by deconditioning. Forearm endurance and maximum strength were relatively unaffected by deconditioning and subsequent g-exposure.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 73-83
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  • 16
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    Design of experimental studies of human performance under influences of simulated artificial gravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A ground based research program is now being undertaken to provide data concerning the effects of a rotating environment on man's ability to adequately perform gross and fine psychomotor tasks. Emphasis is being placed on establishing the levels of artificial gravity and rates and radii of rotation required in future space systems for preservation of crew performance and comfort. An experimental study utilizing a rotational facility to investigate crew mobility, cargo transfer and handling, and fine motor coordination at radii up to 24 meters and at rotational rates up to 5 rpm is reported.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 55-65
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  • 17
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    An overview of artificial gravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The unique characteristics of artificial gravity that affect human performance and physiology in an artificial gravity environment are reviewed. The rate at which these unique characteristics change decreases very rapidly with increasing radius of a rotating vehicle used to produce artificial gravity. Reducing their influence on human performance or physiology by increasing radius becomes a situation of very rapidly diminishing returns. A review of several elements of human performance has developed criteria relative to the sundry characteristics of artificial gravity. A compilation of these criteria indicates that the maximum acceptable rate of rotation, leg heaviness while walking, and material handling are the factors that define the minimum acceptable radius. The ratio of Coriolis force to artificial weight may also be significant. Based on current knowledge and assumptions for the various criteria, a minimum radius between 15.2 and 16.8 m seems desirable.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 23-33
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  • 18
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    Crew report (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A 56-day chamber simulation of Skylab was successfully completed. The atmosphere (5 psi, 70 percent oxygen, 30 percent nitrogen, 5 mm carbon dioxide) and medical features including a 21-day pre- and 18-day post-test medical protocols were closely simulated. No apparent crew health problems were induced by the atmosphere, semiclosed environment, or other test features; and no appreciable crew degradation appeared over this period. The chamber and associated systems performed without major problems.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 46 p
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  • 19
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    Crew background, training, and activities (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The brief history of the Skylab altitude test crewmen is followed by an outline of their training in conducting medical experiments, emergency medical procedures, communications, and housekeeping practices during prolonged exposure to the Skylab simulation environment.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 7 p
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  • 20
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    Biomedical support systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Biomedical support hardware for SMEAT consisted basically of two systems, the inflight medical support system, and the operational bioinstrumentation system. The former is essentially a diagnostic and therapeutic kit; the latter is a belt equipped with sensors worn by the crewman to permit monitoring of his vital signs. Special attention was given during to the use and verification of the items in the systems so that changes required in the equipment could be pinpointed and effected prior to the Skylab mission. During the in-chamber testing, evaluations were made of the effectiveness of the proposed microbiology procedures, techniques, equipment, and the stability of media and reagents over the extended period of storage.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 8 p
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  • 21
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    Habitability/crew quarters, experiment M487 (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Skylab experiment M487, habitability crew quarters, is designed to provide an operational evaluation of the Skylab habitat by gathering data regarding the manner in which crewmen carry out their daily living and working routines during the missions. The success of the Skylab habitability experiment depends, in large measure, on the adequacy of the data collection instruments and the manner in which they are used.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 11 p
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  • 22
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    Specimen mass measurement (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Skylab specimen mass measurement device was operated throughout the altitude test in close simulation of the 56-day Skylab mission. It performed operational specimen measurements well until it was passed out of the chamber for replacement of the specimen hold-down and was autoclaved prior to return. Fecal measurements were typically made with less than one percent error.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 16 p
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  • 23
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    Time and motion, experiment M151 (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Astronaut work performance during the preparation and execution of experiments in simulated Skylab tests was analyzed according to time and motion in order to evaluate the efficiency and consistency of performance (adaptation function) for several different types of activity over the course of the mission; to evaluate the procedures to be used by the same experiment in Skylab; to generate characteristic adaptation functions for later comparison with Skylab data; and to examine astronaut performance for any behavioral stress due to the environment. The overall results indicate that the anticipated adaptation function was obtained both for individual and for averaged data.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 7 p
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  • 24
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    Diagnostics of the vibrations of complex rotor systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The parameters of the imbalance of a complex rotor system, having n parallel rotors and having six degrees of freedom, can be determined from the parameters of the vibrations of two appropriate degrees of freedom. This considerably simplifies diagnostics of the vibrations of complex rotor systems.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 100-102
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  • 25
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    The use of a digital computer for investigation of the dynamic characteristics of a man while pressing vertically downward with the straight arm on the handle of a vibrator (instrument) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The dynamic characteristics of a man were investigated by the resonance method, by means of recordings of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a vibrator straight arm human body system on a standard automatic recorder. Experiments were carried out with a specially constructed vibrator, the moving system of which was fastened to a bronze suspension with small losses. Vibrations of the handle, fastened to the moving system, were recorded with an accelerometer. The mass of the moving system m, rigidity of the suspension k and friction coefficient r of the vibrator (calibration) were determined by exact formulas.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 83-86
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  • 26
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    Fundamental Consideration of Noise radiation by rotary wings (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: An historical review of progress in understanding of rotor noise is presented. Initial work was principally on propellers, but has many obvious applications to noise from rotary wings. Current understanding of rotor noise radiation is then reviewed in some detail. The principal noise sources appear to be: (1) discrete frequency due to distorted inflow; (2) low frequency broadband due to turbulent inflow, and (3) high frequency broadband due to tip effects. On a helicopter rotor each of these sources seems to be intimately connected with the shed vortex wakes. Tip modifications offer one method for controlling the effects. The implications for the designer are discussed. Rotor subjective noise levels appear to obey a velocity to the eighth power law, independent of thrust. Experiments to rectify some of the present deficiencies in knowledge are suggested.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Rotary Wings; 18 p
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  • 27
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    A summary of wind tunnel research on tilt-rotors from hover to cruise flight (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: An experimental research program conducted on a series of tilt rotors designed for a range of blades twist is reported. The test facilities used in the program are identified. The objective of the program was to obtain precise results on the influence of blades twist and aeroelasticity on tilt rotor performance from hover to high speed cruise Mach number to 0.7. Five aluminum rigid rotors and one fiber glass composite rotor were tested.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Rotary Wings; 16 p
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  • 28
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    Computer model of cardiovascular control system responses to exercise (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Approaches of systems analysis and mathematical modeling together with computer simulation techniques are applied to the cardiovascular system in order to simulate dynamic responses of the system to a range of exercise work loads. A block diagram of the circulatory model is presented, taking into account arterial segments, venous segments, arterio-venous circulation branches, and the heart. A cardiovascular control system model is also discussed together with model test results.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 29
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    Recent studies of tire braking performance (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results from recent studies of some factors affecting tire braking and cornering performance are presented together with a discussion of the possible application of these results to the design of aircraft braking systems. The first part of the paper is concerned with steady-state braking, that is, results from tests conducted at a constant slip ratio or steering angle or both. The second part deals with cyclic braking tests, both single cycle, where brakes are applied at a constant rate until wheel lockup is achieved, and rapid cycling of the brakes under control of a currently operational antiskid system.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
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  • 30
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    Implantable telemetry systems for use in animal monitoring (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 31
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    Advance techniques for monitoring human tolerance to positive Gz accelerations (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Tolerance to positive g accelerations was measured in ten normal male subjects using both standard and advanced techniques. In addition to routine electrocardiogram, heart rate, respiratory rate, and infrared television, monitoring techniques during acceleration exposure included measurement of peripheral vision loss, noninvasive temporal, brachial, and/or radial arterial blood flow, and automatic measurement of indirect systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 60-sec intervals. Although brachial and radial arterial flow measurements reflected significant cardiovascular changes during and after acceleration, they were inconsistent indices of the onset of grayout or blackout. Temporal arterial blood flow, however, showed a high correlation with subjective peripheral light loss.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 32
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    Frequency-dependence of dynamic lung compliance during acute exposures to an altitude of 3,962 meters (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 33
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    Landing performance by low-time private pilots after the sudden loss of binocular vision - Cyclops II (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study of low-time general aviation pilots, who, in a series of spot landings, were suddenly deprived of binocular vision by patching either eye on the downwind leg of a standard, closed traffic pattern. Data collected during these landings were compared with control data from landings flown with normal vision during the same flight. The sequence of patching and the mix of control and monocular landings were randomized to minimize the effect of learning. No decrease in performance was observed during landings with vision restricted to one eye, in fact, performance improved. This observation is reported at a high level of confidence (p less than 0.001). These findings confirm the previous work of Lewis and Krier and have important implications with regard to aeromedical certification standards.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 34
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    Caloric balance during simulated and actual space flight (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The in-flight caloric intakes of all Apollo astronauts are examined and shown to average about 25 kcal per kg per day. Measurement of weight changes following recovery indicates that about 0.15 kg of fat was lost per man per day in-flight for an average deficit of about 19 kcal per kg per day. Measurement of the caloric intake of astronauts under ground-based conditions and during hypobaric exposure indicated a caloric requirement which was not significantly different from the in-flight requirement adjusted for weight loss. Partial metabolic balance data and measurements of bone loss and body volume revealed that protein and mineral losses also occurred to an extent which would reduce the size of estimated in-flight caloric deficits.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 35
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    Illusory sensations in aircraft flight and weightlessness (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Clearly misleading illusions only appear when the vestibular input is of a nonconflicting nature. A number of experiments with blind goldfish were conducted since the vestibular system of the goldfish is homologous in many respects to that of man. Inertial stimuli were given by linear acceleration of the entire aquarium with the fish in it. A high-speed movie camera and three-axis accelerometers were used to record the fish responses. It was found that fish, if subjected to horizontal linear acceleration, behave as if the moving force acting on the otoliths were a gravitational force component and not an inertial reacting force.
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    Performance of cellulose acetate butyrate membranes in hyperfiltration of sodium chloride and urea feed solution (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) membranes are shown to give high salt and urea rejection with water flux of about 3 gallons/sq ft per day at 600 psig. Membranes prepared from a formulation containing glyoxal show a significant increase in flux and decrease in salt and urea rejection with drying time. Zero drying time gives maximum urea and salt rejection and is therefore most suitable for hyperfiltration of sodium chloride and urea feed solution.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Polymer Science; 17; 1973
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    Nutrition systems for pressure suits. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Nutrition systems were successfully developed in the Apollo Program for astronauts wearing pressure suits during emergency decompression situations and during lunar surface explorations. These nutrition systems consisted of unique dispensers, water, flavored beverages, nutrient-fortified beverages, and intermediate moisture food bars. The emergency decompression system dispensed the nutrition from outside the pressure suit by interfacing with a suit helmet penetration port. The lunar exploration system utilized dispensers stowed within the interior layers of the pressure suit. These systems could be adapted for provision of nutrients in other situations requiring the use of pressure suits.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Aug. 197
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    Comparative study of patches for liquid cooled garments. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Tests were performed on 12 cooling patches of various designs to establish criteria for the evaluation of their performance in liquid-cooled suits in industrial, military and aerospace applications. The thermal effectiveness value was 0.088 for patch designs with a double spiral flow pattern, and 0.075 for patch designs with a parallel flow pattern. The ratio of thermal energy transfer rate to cooling-medium pumping power requirement is indicated as the prime performance characteristic to be considered in the selection and rating of cooling patches.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Aug. 197
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  • 39
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    Microwave radiation hazards around large microwave antenna. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The microwave radiation hazards associated with the use of large antennas become increasingly more dangerous to personnel as the transmitters go to ever higher powers. The near-field area is of the greatest concern. It has spill over from subreflector and reflections from nearby objects. Centimeter waves meeting in phase will reinforce each other and create hot spots of microwave energy. This has been measured in front of and around several 26-meter antennas. Hot spots have been found and are going to be the determining factor in delineating safe areas for personnel to work. Better techniques and instruments to measure these fields are needed for the evaluation of hazard areas.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal; 34; Mar. 197
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  • 40
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    Residual visual function after brain wounds involving the central visual pathways in man. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Nature; 243; June 1
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  • 41
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    Role of commercial aircraft in global monitoring systems. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discussion of the opportunity that the new wide-bodied commercial jet aircraft hold forth as platforms for a global monitoring system that could provide the atmospheric baseline and tropical meteorological data for which there is a pressing need. It is argued that there is no immutable technological impediment to the implementation of such a monitoring program, and that its realization could enhance our knowledge of atmospheric processes at an enormous saving in costs.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: Science; 180; Apr. 27
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  • 42
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    Analysis of operator participation (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The problem of providing a psychological conception of the analysis of operator participation in a form that will allow the qualitative approach to be combined with the quantitative approach is examined. This conception is based on an understanding of the essence of human endeavor in automated control systems that now determine the development of society's productive forces and that are the main object of ergonomic research. Two main types of operator participation were examined; information retrieval with immediate service and information retrieval with delayed service.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 27-46
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  • 43
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    Evaluating the efficiency of man-machine systems (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Efficiency and the degree of adaptability of a system to cope with problems presented to it, are evaluated. Also evaluated are serial production, possible modernization approaches, and operational procedures. The link between system efficiency and cost criteria are included.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 221-230
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    Research principles and the construction of mnemonic diagrams (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mnemonic diagrams are defined as a variety of information display devices, the essential element of which is conventional graphical presentation of technological or functional-operational links in a controlled system or object. Graphically displaying the operational structure of an object, the interd dependence between different parameters, and the interdependence between indicators and control organs, the mneomonic diagram reduces the load on the operator's memory and facilitates perception and reprocessing of information and decision making, while at the same time playing the role of visual support to the information activity of the operator. The types of mnemonic diagrams are listed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 83-126
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    The application of aerospace technology to patient monitoring. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-20; May 1973
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  • 46
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    Emotional state and efficiency (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation was made of the effect of emotional states-negative and positive- on work performance. Data cover intensity of emotional arousal, personality characteristics of person involved, typological features of person's nervous system, emotional stability of person, and past experience of person. Particular attention was given to emotional stress effects on efficiency, given modern working conditions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 152-164
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  • 47
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    Designing control system information models (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Problems encountered in modeling information models are discussed, Data cover condition, functioning of the object of control, and the environment involved in the control. Other parameters needed for the model include: (1) information for forming an image of the real situation, (2) data for analyzing and evaluating an evolving situation, (3) planning actions, and (4) data for observing and evaluating the results of model realization.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 47-82
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    Proton dosimeter design for distributed body organs. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design of a real-time rem-rad dosimeter with sufficient generality for inclusion of dose distribution factors for space applications is discussed. This generalized dosimetric system is only slightly more complex than dosimeters in current use.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Nuclear Technology; 20; Oct. 197
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    Use of the single-breath method of estimating cardiac output during exercise-stress testing. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The single-breath cardiac output measurement technique of Kim et al. (1966) has been modified for use in obtaining cardiac output measurements during exercise-stress tests on Apollo astronauts. The modifications involve the use of a respiratory mass spectrometer for data acquisition and a digital computer program for data analysis. The variation of the modified method for triplicate steady-state cardiac output measurements was plus or minus 1 liter/min. The combined physiological and methodological variation seen during a set of three exercise tests on a series of subjects was 1 to 2.5 liter/min. Comparison of the modified method with the direct Fick technique showed that although the single-breath values were consistently low, the scatter of data was small and the correlation between the two methods was high. Possible reasons for the low single-breath cardiac output values are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; July 197
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  • 50
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    Response of a rigid aircraft to nonstationary atmospheric turbulence. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The plunging response of an aircraft to a type of nonstationary turbulent excitation is considered. The latter consists of stationary Gaussian noise modulated by a well-defined envelope function. The intent of the investigation is to model the excitation experienced by an airplane flying through turbulence of varying intensity and to examine the influence of intensity variations on exceedance frequencies of the gust velocity and the airplane's plunging velocity and acceleration. One analytical advantage of the proposed model is that the Gaussian assumption for the gust excitation is retained. The analysis described herein is developed in terms of an envelope function of arbitrary form; however, numerical calculations are limited to the case of harmonic modulation.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Aug. 197
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  • 51
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    Effects of oxygen-augmented atmosphere on the immune response. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Antibovine serum albumin antibody and nonspecific protein production was evaluated in female rabbits (11-14.5 kg) housed in special cages ventilated with 20% or 40% oxygen at normal barometric pressure. Animals exposed to 40% oxygen do not show normal steady increase of serum antibody. Instead, their titers show a pattern of undershoot, overshoot, undershoot, and finally equilibration at a subnormal level; they have a depressed popliteal node polysome level and have an abnormally low proportion of membrane-bound polysomes. They also show reduced capability of popliteal nodes to synthesize protein (as expected from the reduced number of polysomes). However, the ratio of newly-synthesized specific antibody: nonspecific protein remains normal.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; June 197
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    Hypersonic transports - Economics and environmental effects. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An economic analysis of hypersonic transports is presented to show projected operating costs (direct and indirect) and return on investment. Important assumptions are varied to determine the probable range of values for operating costs and return on investment. The environmental effects of hypersonic transports are discussed and compared to current supersonic transports. Estimates of sideline and flyover noise are made for a typical hypersonic transport, and the sonic boom problem is analyzed and discussed. Since the exhaust products from liquid hydrogen-fueled engines differ from those of kerosene-fueled aircraft, a qualitative assessment of air pollution effects is made.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; June 197
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  • 53
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    Effect of suspension-line viscous damping on parachute opening load amplification. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A digital computer program was used to investigate the effects of suspension-line viscous damping on the opening loads of a high-altitude parachute system having a specified configuration. It was found (1) that the nonlinear elastic characteristics of the suspension system produce an amplification of the opening load when the viscous damping is negligible, (2) that the load amplification is markedly reduced when the suspension-line viscous damping coefficient is increased, and (3) that the suspension-line viscous damping is an important parameter of opening load amplification for high-velocity parachute inflations.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Jan. 197
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  • 54
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    Ergonomics research methods (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Various factors used in ergonomic research are given. They are: (1) anthrometric measurement, (2) polyeffector method of assessing the functional state of man, (3) galvanic skin reaction, (4) pneumography, (5) electromyography, (6) electrooculography, and (7) tachestoscopy. A brief summary is given of each factor and includes instrumentation and results.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 165-220
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    Functional states of the operator (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study was made of the changes that occur in the functional state of the operator as he does his job. The functional state of the operator is understood to mean the available characteristics of his functions and qualities which, directly or indirectly, determine how he receives, processes, and reads out information. These characteristics change, depending on many conditions found on the job, and can be higher or lower, than those values which exist in the so-called operator rest state, when the person is doing nothing, but is ready to act. A number of environmental factors, directly or indirectly related to the job, act on the operator controlling a system. Analysis of the causes of changes in the functional state suggests they can be broken down into two main groups: those associated with the physical characteristics of the influencing factors, and those attributable to the informational structure of the signals. There are as well many internal causes, primarily changes in the basic properties of those functions on which operator performance depends for the most part, that affect the functional state.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 119-151
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    Ergonomic prerequisites for artistic designing (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis was made of current problems of ergonomics and engineering psychology as well as certain aspects of the interaction between artists-designers and ergonomists in the planning process.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 126
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    Vortex wake research (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: NASA investigations of aircraft trailing vortices are reviewed. Results obtained in flight on vortex characteristics, such as decay of maximum velocity and vortex drift, are presented for distances behind a generating C-5 aircraft from 0.6 to 13.0 nautical miles. The lateral control activity of a CV-990 aircraft probing the vortices generated by the C-5 aircraft is illustrated and the effect of the C-5 aircraft configuration on this activity is indicated. Results are presented from near-field and far-field studies of accelerated vortex dissipation through the use of various devices such as mass ejection, spoilers, vortex generators, and trailing drag devices.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: AGARD Flight in Turbulence; 14 p
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    Vector cardiogram hardware report, experiment M093 (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The Skylab vectorcardiogram system was thoroughly tested during the 56-day SMEAT program. Except for a few problems which were readily resolved, the equipment functioned very well.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 3 p
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    Indirect Blood Pressure Measuring Device (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-09
    Description: Design and performance of a blood pressure recording device for pediatric use are reported. A strain gage transducer with a copper-beryllium strip as force sensing element is used to monitor skin movements and to convert them into electrical signals proportional to those displacements. Experimental tests with this device in recording of force developed above the left femoral artery of a dog accurately produced a blood pressure curve.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 173-186
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    Design Modification of Electrophoretic Equipment (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: The improved design of a zone electrophoretic sampler is reported that can be used in mass screening for hemoglobin S, the cause of sickle cell anemia. Considered is a high voltage multicell cellulose acetate device that requires 5 to 6 minutes electrophoresis periods; cells may be activitated individually or simultaneously. A multisample hemoglobin applicator standardizes the amount of sample applied and transfers the homolysate to the electrical wires.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 9-39
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    The Mesa Arizona Pupil Tracking System (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: A computer-based Pupil Tracking/Teacher Monitoring System was designed for Mesa Public Schools, Mesa, Arizona. The established objectives of the system were to: (1) facilitate the economical collection and storage of student performance data necessary to objectively evaluate the relative effectiveness of teachers, instructional methods, materials, and applied concepts; and (2) identify, on a daily basis, those students requiring special attention in specific subject areas. The system encompasses computer hardware/software and integrated curricula progression/administration devices. It provides daily evaluation and monitoring of performance as students progress at class or individualized rates. In the process, it notifies the student and collects information necessary to validate or invalidate subject presentation devices, methods, materials, and measurement devices in terms of direct benefit to the students. The system utilizes a small-scale computer (e.g., IBM 1130) to assure low-cost replicability, and may be used for many subjects of instruction.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev.; Vol. 2; No. 4; p 87-92
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    A comparison of the overall and broadband noise characteristics of full-scale and model helicopter rotors. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The broadband noise generated by full-scale and model rotors is compared in terms of spectral content and the dependence on tip speed and rotor thrust/pitch angle. Low frequency broadband noise and high frequency broadband noise are studied separately and blade 'scaling' effects are outlined. The degree of agreement between measurements and theoretical and semi-empirical prediction methods is reviewed together with the directionality patterns. The parameters relating to the overall noise are also discussed. It is shown that in general good agreement is obtained between the full-scale and model rotors when considering spectral content and the dependency of the noise levels on tip speed and thrust. The scaling factors usually considered applicable to the low frequency broadband noise do not, however, appear to apply to either the model or full scale rotors.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 30; Sept. 22
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    Scaling aircraft noise perception. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Following a brief review of the background to the study, an extensive experiment is described which was undertaken to assess the practical differences between numerous alternative methods for calculating the perceived levels of individual aircraft flyover wounds. One hundred and twenty recorded sounds, including jets, turboprops, piston aircraft and helicopters were rated by a panel of subjects in a pair comparison test. The results were analyzed to evaluate a number of noise rating procedures, in terms of their ability to accurately estimate both relative and absolute perceived noise levels over a wider dynamic range (84-115 dB SPL) than had generally been used in previous experiments. Performances of the different scales were examined in detail for different aircraft categories, and the merits of different band level summation procedures, frequency weighting functions, duration and tone corrections were investigated.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 26; Feb. 8
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    Theoretical horizontal tail loads and associated aircraft responses of an autopilot-controlled jet transport flying in turbulence (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: An exploratory analytical study was conducted to analyze problem areas associated with a rigid aircraft controlled by a simple autopilot. The aircraft motion is constrained to the longitudinal phugoid and short period modes. The autopilot characteristics are described. The analytical procedure is explained and stabilizer loads together with some aircraft motions as functions of autopilot gains within the stability boundaries are determined. The effects of center of gravity location and altitude are considered.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: AGARD Flight in Turbulence; 9 p
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    Human eye movements during various forms of linear acceleration and weightlessness (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: Eye movements of human subjects were recorded electronystagmographically in complete darkness during rectilinear horizontal accelerations as achieved in cars on the ground and also during aircraft parabolic flight. The results were compared to the movements of blinded goldfish subjected to similar changes of gravitoinertial forces. The results indicate that there is a human correlation with the gravity reference response of fish. During horizontal forward accelerations on the ground the human eyes turn downward and during horizontal backward acceleration the eyes turn upward. The human eye response to g-loads below 1 g and to weightlessness is the reverse of the tilt of the fish. While fish dive down during low g, or loop forward during weightlessness, the eyes of subjects sitting upright in an aircraft which flies at 0 g move upward.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: AGARD The Use of Nystagmography in Aviation Med.; 3 p
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    Dynamic loading of aircraft surfaces due to jet exhaust impingement (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-23
    Description: High-lift wing concepts being considered for application to commercial STOL transports are discussed. The flow patterns which produce dynamic loads on these wings are indicated. Measurements of surface pressure and acceleration on a one-half-scale model of an externally blown double-slotted flap are reported. Root-mean-square values, power spectra, and scaling parameters are shown.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: AGARD Symp. on Acoustic Fatigue; 9 p
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    The Buffalo/Spey jet-STOL research aircraft (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-23
    Description: The program to design and build a Buffalo/Spey Augmentor-Wing research aircraft is presented. The development of an internally blown flap system for the generation of powered lift is discussed. Modification, development, and testing of the Rolls-Royce Spey engine are reported. The ground tests and first flights of the aircraft are described and the application of the internally blown flap concept for short takeoff military transport aircraft is proposed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: AGARD Mil. Appl. of V(STOL Aircraft, Vol. 1; 13 p
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    Hematological Viscometry (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: Concepts and defining equations for the design of a relative velocity blood viscometer are reported. The device consists of two cone and plate chambers, a variable speed drive, and rotational velocity detectors. Two con-plate systems are directly coupled with one system driving the other through the viscous drag transmitted in the test fluid. Angular velocity measurements are processed electronically. A brief description of current viscometer designs is included.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 105-140
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    Handling System for Iridium-192 Seeds (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: A complete system is proposed for safe handling of iridium-192 seeds used to internally irradiate malignant growths. A vibratory hopper feeds the seeds onto a transport system for deposit in a magazine or storage area. A circular magazine consisting of segmented plastic tubing with holes in the walls to accommodate the seeds seems feasible. The magazine is indexed to stop and release a seed for calibration and deposition.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 141-171
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    Operating Room Environment Control. Part A: a Valve Cannister System for Anesthetic Gas Adsorption. Part B: a State-of-the-art Survey of Laminar Flow Operating Rooms. Part C: Three Laminar Flow Experiments (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: An anesthetic gas flow pop-off valve canister is described that is airtight and permits the patient to breath freely. Once its release mechanism is activated, the exhaust gases are collected at a hose adapter and passed through activated coal for adsorption. A survey of laminar air flow clean rooms is presented and the installation of laminar cross flow air systems in operating rooms is recommended. Laminar flow ventilation experiments determine drying period evaporation rates for chicken intestines, sponges, and sections of pig stomach.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 41-104
    Format: text
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  • 71
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    Model studies of crosswind landing-gear configurations for STOL aircraft (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A dynamic model was used to directly compare four different crosswind landing gear mechanisms. The model was landed as a free body onto a laterally sloping runway used to simulate a crosswind side force. A radio control system was used for steering to oppose the side force as the model rolled to a stop. The configuration in which the landing gears are alined by the pilot and locked in the direction of motion prior to touchdown gave the smoothest runout behavior with the vehicle maintaining its crab angle throughout the landing roll. Nose wheel steering was confirmed to be better than steering with nose and main gears differentially or together. Testing is continuing to obtain quantitative data to establish an experimental data base for validation of an analytical program that will be capable of predicting full scale results.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp. te; p 145-154
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  • 72
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    A gravity exercise system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An effective method for muscle conditioning during weightlessness flight is derived from isometric exercise. The basic principle of gravity exercise is to periodically displace the human body upon reactionless rollers so that spacial equilibrium can only be maintained by the proper tension and relaxation of the body's muscles. A rotating platform mounted upon two degrees of freedom rollers provides such a condition of gravitational reaction stress throughout each of its 360 deg rotation.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 311-316
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  • 73
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    Helicopter visual aid system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The helicopter visual aid system has been built and flight tested in situations representative of actual flight missions. The mechanisms discussed contributed greatly to the successful performance of the system throughout the 160 hours of flight testing. It has demonstrated that the visual aid concept can provide improved daytime visual capability, greatly improved nighttime capability, surveillance from greater distances and/or altitudes, covert operation at night through the use of the IR searchlight, and a photographic recording at the scene being viewed.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 293-309
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  • 74
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    Medical electronics: A need and a challenge (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Space programs have led to the development of telemetry pills for diagnosis of diseases of the digestive tract, reusable X-ray image storage plates that require no chemical processing, and muscular augmentation systems for the handicapped. These examples, together with countless other examples of technological innovation that can be drawn from research and development programs supported by government funds, offer a potential opportunity to stimulate growth and to control rising costs in medical electronics.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: WESCON The 1973 WESCON Tech. Papers, Vol. 17; 4 p
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  • 75
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    Computer program to perform cost and weight analysis of transport aircraft. Volume 2: Technical volume (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An improved method for estimating aircraft weight and cost using a unique and fundamental approach was developed. The results of this study were integrated into a comprehensive digital computer program, which is intended for use at the preliminary design stage of aircraft development. The program provides a means of computing absolute values for weight and cost, and enables the user to perform trade studies with a sensitivity to detail design and overall structural arrangement. Both batch and interactive graphics modes of program operation are available.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-CR-132362
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  • 76
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    Concepts for a theoretical and experimental study of lifting rotor random loads and vibrations (further experiments with progressing/regressing rotor flapping modes), Phase 7-C (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The experiments with progressing/regressing forced rotor flapping modes have been extended in several directions and the data processing method has been considerably refined. The 16 inch hingeless 2-bladed rotor model was equipped with a new set of high precision blades which removed previously encountered tracking difficulties at high advance ratio, so that tests up to .8 rotor advance ratio could be conducted. In addition to data with 1.20 blade natural flapping frequency data at 1.10 flapping frequency were obtained. Outside the wind tunnel, tests with a ground plate located at different distances below the rotor were conducted while recording the dynamic downflow at a station .2R below the rotor plane with a hot wire anemometer.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-CR-114711
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  • 77
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    Concepts for a theoretical and experimental study of lifting rotor random loads and vibrations (the effects of some rotor feedback systems on rotor-body dynamics), Phase 7-A (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effects of three gyroless rotor feedback systems: (1) coning feedback, (2) proportional tilting feedback, and (3) a combination of these on the rotor-body dynamics of hingeless rotorcraft are studied with a simplified analytical model in the advance ratio range from 0 to .8. Combinations of feedback phase angles and control phase angles are selected to minimize control cross coupling and control sensitivity changes between low and high speed flight. For the feedback systems thus selected the effects of feedback gain and control actuator time lag on the stability both with fixed hub and in free flight is studied, whereby the rotorcraft is free in pitch, roll and vertical motion but otherwise restrained. For the free flight is studied, whereby the rotorcraft is free in pitch, roll and vertical motion but otherwise restrained. For the free flight conditions the effects of a horizontal tail are also determined in itself and in combination with the rotor feedback systems.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-CR-114709
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  • 78
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    Performance of a ballute decelerator towed behind a jet airplane (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An F-104B airplane was modified to investigate the drag and stability characteristics of a ballute decelerator in the wake of an asymmetrical airplane. Decelerator deployments were initiated at a Mach number of 1.3 and an altitude of 15,240 meters (50,000 feet) and terminated when the airplane had decelerated to a Mach number of 0.5. The flight tests indicated that the decelerator had a short inflation time with relatively small opening forces. The drag levels attained with the subject decelerator were less than those obtained with other high-speed decelerators behind a symmetrical tow vehicle. The ballute demonstrated good stability characteristics behind the testbed airplane.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-TM-X-56019 , H-815
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  • 79
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    Computer program to perform cost and weight analysis of transport aircraft. Volume 1: Summary (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A digital computer program for evaluating the weight and costs of advanced transport designs was developed. The resultant program, intended for use at the preliminary design level, incorporates both batch mode and interactive graphics run capability. The basis of the weight and cost estimation method developed is a unique way of predicting the physical design of each detail part of a vehicle structure at a time when only configuration concept drawings are available. In addition, the technique relies on methods to predict the precise manufacturing processes and the associated material required to produce each detail part. Weight data are generated in four areas of the program. Overall vehicle system weights are derived on a statistical basis as part of the vehicle sizing process. Theoretical weights, actual weights, and the weight of the raw material to be purchased are derived as part of the structural synthesis and part definition processes based on the computed part geometry.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-CR-132361
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  • 80
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    Simulator evaluation of display concepts for pilot monitoring and control of space shuttle approach and landing. Phase 2: Manual flight control (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of the display requirements for final approach management of the space shuttle orbiter vehicle is presented. An experimental display concept, providing a more direct, pictorial representation of the vehicle's movement relative to the selected approach path and aiming points, was developed and assessed as an aid to manual flight path control. Both head-up, windshield projections and head-down, panel mounted presentations of the experimental display were evaluated in a series of simulated orbiter approach sequence. Data obtained indicate that the experimental display would enable orbiter pilots to exercise greater flexibility in implementing alternative final approach control strategies. Touchdown position and airspeed dispersion criteria were satisfied on 91 percent of the approach sequences, representing various profile and wind effect conditions. Flight path control and airspeed management satisfied operationally-relevant criteria for the two-segment, power-off orbiter approach and were consistently more accurate and less variable when the full set of experimental display elements was available to the pilot. Approach control tended to be more precise when the head-up display was used; however, the data also indicate that the head-down display would provide adequate support for the manual control task.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-2359
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  • 81
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    V/STOL tilt rotor aircraft study. Volume 10: Performance and stability test of A 1-14.622 Froude scaled Boeing Vertol Model 222 tilt rotor aircraft (Phase 1) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Wind tunnel test data obtained from a 1/4.622 Froude scale Boeing Model 222 with a full span, two prop, tilt rotor, powered model in the Boeing V/STOL wind tunnel are reported. Data were taken in transition and cruise flight conditions and include performance, stability and control and blade loads information. The effects of the rotors, tail surfaces and airframe on the performance and stability are isolated as are the effects of the airframe on the rotors.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-CR-114603 , D222-10053-1-VOL-10
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  • 82
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    Wind tunnel investigation of a large-scale 25 deg swept-wing jet transport model with an external blowing triple-slotted flap (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation has been conducted to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a large-scale subsonic jet transport model with an externally blown triple-slotted flap. The lift of the model was augmented by the turbofan engine exhaust impingement on the flap surface. The model had a 25 deg swept wing of aspect ratio 7.28 and four turbofan engines. The model was tested with two flap extents. One extended from 0.11 to 1.00 of the wing semispan, and the other extended from 0.11 to 0.75 of the wing semispan with a single-slotted aileron from 0.75 to 1.00 of the wing semispan. The results were obtained for several flap deflections with and without the horizontal tail at gross thrust coefficients from 0 to 4.0. Longitudinal and lateral data are presented with three and four engines operating.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62197
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  • 83
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    Automatic control of a helicopter with a hanging load (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An autopilot logic is designed here for controlling a helicopter with a hanging load. A 16th order model for the system is decoupled into four subsystems: (1) a second order system for yawing motion, (2) a second order system for vertical motion, (3) a sixth order system for longitudinal motion, and (4) a sixth order system for lateral motion. A measuring scheme, which could be used in remote areas, is developed and filters are designed to estimate the state variables from these measurements. The autopilot can be used to move the load over short distances without retracting the cables. This is done by automatically shifting the autopilot modes from position-hold (hover) to acceleration-hold to velocity-hold (cruise) to deceleration-hold to velocity-hold (near hover) to position-hold (hover). Use of such an autopilot might save considerable turnaround time. The Sikorsky S-61 helicopter is chosen as an example vehicle. The performance of the controlled system is studied in the presence of longitudinal and lateral winds.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-CR-136504 , SUDAAR-459
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  • 84
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    Q-FANSTM for general aviation aircraft (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Continued growth of general aviation over the next 10 to 15 years is dependent on continuing improvement in aircraft safety, utility, performance and cost. Moreover, these advanced aircraft will need to conform to expected government regulations controlling propulsion system emissions and noise levels. An attractive compact low noise propulsor concept, the Q-FANTM when matched to piston, rotary combustion, or gas turbine engines opens up the exciting prospect of new, cleaner airframe designs for the next generation of general aviation aircraft which will provide these improvements and meet the expected noise and pollution restriction of the 1980 time period. New Q-FAN methodology which was derived to predict Q-FAN noise, weight and cost is presented. Based on this methodology Q-FAN propulsion system performance, weight, noise, and cost trends are discussed. Then the impact of this propulsion system type on the complete aircraft is investigated for several representative aircraft size categories. Finally, example conceptual designs for Q-FAN/engine integration and aircraft installations are presented.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-CR-114665
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  • 85
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    Takeoff and landing performance and noise measurements of a deflected slipstream STOL airplane with interconnected propellers and rotating cylinder flaps (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A YOV-10A aircraft was modified to incorporate rotating cylinder flaps and interconnected propellers with Lycoming T-53-L11 engines. Flight tests were made to evaluate the low speed handling qualities and performance characteristics. The flight test results indicated that landings could be made with approach speeds of 55 to 65 knots (CL = 4.5) and descent angles of 6 deg to 8 deg for total flap angles of 60 deg to 75 deg. At higher flap angles, deterioration of stability and control characteristics precluded attempts at landing. The noise level on the ground under an 8 deg landing approach path was below 86 PNdB at distances beyond 1 nautical mile from touchdown. Takeoffs were made with 30 deg to 45 deg flaps at lift off speeds of 75 to 80 knots and climb angles of 4 deg to 8 deg. Noise levels were below 83 PNdB at 3.5 nautical miles from the start of ground roll.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62320
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  • 86
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    The development of an elastic reverse gradient garment to be used as a countermeasure for cardiovascular deconditioning (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Using a new Nomex-Lycra elastic fabric and individualized garment engineering techniques, reverse gradient garments (RGG's) were designed, constructed, and tested for effectiveness as a countermeasure against cardiovascular deconditioning. By combining torso-compensated positive pressure breathing with a distally diminishing gradient of counterpressure supplied by the elastic fabric on the limbs, the RGG acts to pool blood in the extremities of recumbent persons much as though they were standing erect in 1 g. It was theorized that through the use of a dynamic pressurization scheme, the RGG would stress the vasculature in a fashion similar to that experienced by the noramlly active man, hence preventing or limiting the development of post-weightlessness orthostatic intolerance and related conditions. Four male, college-age subjects received daily treatments with the RGG during a 15-day bedrest study. Four additional subjects also underwent the bedrest, but received no treatments; they served as controls. The design and construction of the garments are described, and results of the treatment related measurements are given.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-114685
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  • 87
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    Operations manual for the patient assist device (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Quadriplegic patients and multiple amputee patients are almost totally dependent on nursing personnel for any activities or interests in which they participate. A patient assist device is reported which provides patient control over electrical devices in his environment. The patient operates three switches to acquire control over a desired electrical appliance. The type switches employed are chosen to conform to patient capabilities, even when such capabilities are as limited as eye or head movements. The switch operations are sensed and converted into command signals by the patient assist device to control ten electrical appliances simulataneously and independently.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-134160
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  • 88
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    Patient assist device parts list (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A complete parts list for the patient assist device is presented along with the schematic diagrams.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-134158
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  • 89
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    A program to reduce coronary heart disease risk by altering job stresses (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This study reports the design, implementation, and evaluation of a program attempting to reduce job stress by improving person-environment fit with respect to job aspects such as work load, responsibility, and interpersonal relationships. In order to assess the effects of the program, measures of both stress and strain were collected at three points in time--just prior to the program, immediately after the program, and three months after completion of the program. Measures of strain included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, determinations of glucose, cholesterol, and uric acid in the plasma, job satisfaction, and job related self-esteem. The findings were interpreted in light of both program incidents within specific experimental groups and general aspects of the program common to the experimental groups. Additional analyses indicated that both good person-environment fit with respect to participation predicts to good fit with respect to other job aspects over a three month interval and that stress causes strain, rather than the reverse.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-132891
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  • 90
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    The effects of an autopilot on airplane responses to turbulence with emphasis on tail loads (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analytical study has been made to assess the loads developed on the horizontal tail of an autopilot-controlled rigid airplane flying in one-dimensional atmospheric turbulence. The root-mean-square values of rigid-airframe responses and tail-load responses were calculated at five flight conditions, and the behavior of these responses was observed in two autopilot modes: pitch-attitude-hold mode and altitude-control mode. It was found that pitch attitude and altitude can be controlled by the simple autopilot with acceptable or no increases in tail loads.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7231 , L-8756
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  • 91
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    Design and fabrication of an aeroelastic flap element for a Short TakeOff and Landing (STOL) aircraft model (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A flap element typifying a third element in the flap system of a short takeoff and landing aircraft was designed, fabricated, and instrumented. It was delivered to NASA for flight-simulated testing. The flap element was aluminum skin-stringer-rib construction with adhesive laminated skins. The tests conducted were as follows: (1) sonic check, (2) thermal expansion, (3) end fitting stiffness, (4) material properties, (5) maximum bending stress in the skin, and (6) effective skin width and stringer spacing.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-CR-132339 , D6-41253
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  • 92
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    Trends in transport aircraft avionics (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A survey of avionics onboard present commercial transport aircraft was conducted to identify trends in avionics systems characteristics and to determine the impact of technology advances on equipment weight, cost, reliability, and maintainability. Transport aircraft avionics systems are described under the headings of communication, navigation, flight control, and instrumentation. The equipment included in each section is described functionally. However, since more detailed descriptions of the equipment can be found in other sources, the description is limited and emphasis is put on configuration requirements. Since airborne avionics systems must interface with ground facilities, certain ground facilities are described as they relate to the airborne systems, with special emphasis on air traffic control and all-weather landing capability.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62322
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  • 93
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    Low-speed wind tunnel investigation of the lateral-directional characterisitcs of a large-scale variable wing-sweep fighter model in the high-lift configuration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The low-speed characteristics of a large-scale model of the F-14A aircraft were studied in tests conducted in the Ames Research Center 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel. The primary purpose of the present tests was the determination of lateral-directional stability levels and control effectiveness of the aircraft in its high-lift configuration. Tests were conducted at wing angles of attack between minus 2 deg and 30 deg and with sideslip angles between minus 12 deg and 12 deg. Data were taken at a Reynolds number of 8.0 million based on a wing mean aerodynamic chord of 2.24 m (7.36 ft). The model configuration was changed as required to show the effects of direct lift control (spoilers) at yaw, yaw angle with speed brake deflected, and various amounts and combinations of roll control.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62306
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  • 94
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    Synthetic carbohydrate: An aid to nutrition in the future (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The synthetic production of carbohydrate on a large scale is discussed. Three possible nonagricultural methods of making starch are presented in detail and discussed. The simplest of these, the hydrolysis of cellulose wastes to glucose followed by polymerization to starch, appears a reasonable and economic supplement to agriculture at the present time. The conversion of fossil fuels to starch was found to be not competitive with agriculture at the present time, but tractable enough to allow a reasonable plant design to be made. A reconstruction of the photosynthetic process using isolated enzyme systems proved technically much more difficult than either of the other two processes. Particular difficulties relate to the replacement of expensive energy carrying compounds, separation of similar materials, and processing of large reactant volumes. Problem areas were pinpointed, and technological progress necessary to permit such a system to become practical is described.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-136152
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  • 95
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    Preliminary flight prototype potable water bactericide system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development, design, and testing of a preliminary flight prototype potable water bactericide system are described. The system is an assembly of upgraded canisters composed of: (1) A biological filter; (2) an activated charcoal and ion exchange resin canister; (3) a silver chloride canister, (4) a deionizer, (5) a silver bromide canister with a partial bypass, and (6) mock-up instrumentation and circuitry. The system exhibited bactericidal activity against 10 to the 9th power Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Type IIIa, and reduced Bacillus subtilis by up to 5 orders of magnitude in 24 hours at ambient temperatures with a 1 ppm silver ion dose. Four efficacy tests were performed with a AgBr canister dosing anticipated fuel cell water. Tests show that a 0.05 ppm silver ion dose was bactericidal against 3 plus or minus 1 x 10 to the 9th power (5 plus or minus 1 x 10,000/ml Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Type IIIa in 15 minutes or less.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-134135
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  • 96
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    Wash water recovery system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Wash Water Recovery System (WWRS) is intended for use in processing shower bath water onboard a spacecraft. The WWRS utilizes flash evaporation, vapor compression, and pyrolytic reaction to process the wash water to allow recovery of potable water. Wash water flashing and foaming characteristics, are evaluated physical properties, of concentrated wash water are determined, and a long term feasibility study on the system is performed. In addition, a computer analysis of the system and a detail design of a 10 lb/hr vortex-type water vapor compressor were completed. The computer analysis also sized remaining system components on the basis of the new vortex compressor design.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-134122 , REPT-73-9497
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  • 97
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    An exploratory simulation study of a head-up display for general aviation lightplanes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The concept of a simplified head-up display referred to as a landing-site indicator (LASI) for use in lightplanes is discussed. Results of a fixed-base simulation study exploring the feasibility of the LASI concept are presented in terms of measurements of pilot performance, control-activity parameters, and subjective comments of four test subjects. These subjects, all of whom had various degrees of piloting experience in this type aircraft, performed a series of simulated landings both with and without the LASI starting from different initial conditions in the final approach leg of the landing maneuver.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7456 , L-8897
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  • 98
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    Results of the flight noise measurement program using a standard and modified SH-3A helicopter (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A field noise measurement program has been conducted using both a standard SH-3A helicopter and an SH-3A helicopter modified to reduce external noise levels. Modifications included reducing rotor speed, increasing the number of rotor blades, modifying the blade-tip shapes, and acoustically treating the engine air intakes and exhaust. The purpose of this study was to document the noise characteristics recorded on the ground of each helicopter during flyby, hover, landing, and take-off operations. Based on an analysis of the measured results, the average of the overhead, overall, ontrack noise levels was approximately 4 db lower for the modified helicopter than for the standard helicopter. The improved in-flight noise characteristics, and associated small footprint areas and time durations, were judged to be mainly due to tail-rotor noise reductions. The noise reductions were obtained at the expense of required power increases at airspeeds greater than 70 knots for the modified helicopter.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7330 , L-8950
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    Study of quiet turbofan STOL aircraft for short haul transportation (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Conceptual designs of Quiet Turbofan STOL Short-Haul Transport Aircraft for the mid-1980 time period are developed and analyzed to determine their technical, operational, and economic feasibility. A matrix of aircraft using various high-lift systems and design parameters are considered. Variations in aircraft characteristics, airport geometry and location, and operational techniques are analyzed systematically to determine their effects on the market, operating economics, and community acceptance. In these studies, the total systems approach is considered to be critically important in analyzing the potential of STOL aircraft to reduce noise pollution and alleviate the increasing air corridor and airport congestion.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-CR-2355
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    Wind tunnel investigation of an upper surface blown jet-flap powered-lift configuration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation has been conducted in the Langley full-scale tunnel to determine the performance and static stability and control characteristics of a four-engine, upper surface blown jet-flap powered-lift configuration with a swept wing. The investigation included test performed over a range of angle of attack (-4 deg to 36 deg), angle of sideslip (-5 deg to 5 deg), and thrust coefficients (0 to 4.32) for both symmetric and engine-out power conditions and for horizontal and vertical tails both on and off. In addition to the four-engine tests, a few tests were made with the outboard engines removed to simulate a twin-engine powered-lift transport configuration.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7399 , L-9051
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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