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(Table 1) Cortisol concentration in hair of East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) (2011)

Bechshøft, Thea Ø ; Sonne, Christian ; Dietz, Rune ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Bechshøft, Thea Ø; Sonne, Christian; Dietz, Rune; Born, Erik W; Novak, M A; Henchey, E; Meyer, J S (2011): Cortisol levels in hair of East Greenland polar bears. Science of the Total Environment, 409(4), 831-834, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.047

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Publication Date: 2023-12-13

Description: To demonstrate the ability to assess long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity in polar bears (Ursus maritimus), a pilot study was conducted in which cortisol concentration was analyzed in hair from 7 female (3-19 years) and 10 male (6-19 years) East Greenland polar bears sampled in 1994-2006. The hair was chosen as matrix as it is non-invasive, seasonally harmonized, and has been validated as an index of long-term changes in cortisol levels. The samples were categorized according to contamination: eight were clean (2 females, 6 males), 5 had been contaminated with bear blood (2 F, 3 M), and 4 with bear fat (3 F, 1 M). There was no significant difference in cortisol concentration between the three categories after external contamination was removed. However, contaminated hair samples should be cleaned before cortisol determination. Average hair cortisol concentration was 8.90 pg/mg (range: 5.5 to 16.4 pg/mg). There was no significant correlation between cortisol concentration and age (p = 0.81) or sampling year (p = 0.11). However, females had higher mean cortisol concentration than males (females mean: 11.0 pg/mg, males: 7.3 pg/mg; p = 0.01). The study showed that polar bear hair contains measurable amounts of cortisol and that cortisol in hair may be used in studies of long-term stress in polar bears.

Keywords: Age, relative, number of years; Cortisol; East_Greenland; East Greenland; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Sampling date; Sex; Status

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 135 data points

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(Table 1) Concentration of pollutants in hair of East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) (2012)

Bechshøft, Thea Ø ; Rigét, Frank F ; Sonne, Christian ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Bechshøft, Thea Ø; Rigét, Frank F; Sonne, Christian; Letcher, Robert J; Muir, Derek C G; Novak, M A; Henchey, E; Meyer, J S; Eulaers, I; Jaspers, Veerle LB; Eens, Marcel; Covaci, Adrian; Dietz, Rune (2012): Measuring environmental stress in East Greenland polar bears, 1892-1927 and 1988-2009: What does hair cortisol tell us? Environment International, 45, 15-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.005

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Publication Date: 2023-12-13

Description: Hair sampled from 96 East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) over the periods 1892-1927 and 1988-2009 was analyzed for cortisol as a proxy to investigate temporal patterns of environmental stress. Cortisol concentration was independent of sex and age, and was found at significantly higher (p〈0.001) concentrations in historical hair samples (1892-1927; n = 8) relative to recent ones (1988-2009; n = 88). In addition, there was a linear time trend in cortisol concentration of the recent samples (p〈 0.01), with an annual decrease of 2.7%. The recent hair samples were also analyzed for major bioaccumulative, persistent organic pollutants (POPs). There were no obvious POP related time trends or correlations between hair cortisol and hair POP concentrations. Thus, polar bear hair appears to be a relatively poor indicator of the animal's general POP load in adipose tissue. However, further investigations are warranted to explore the reasons for the temporal decrease found in the bears' hair cortisol levels.

Keywords: Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, standard deviation; East_Greenland; East Greenland; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Oxychlordane; para,para-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, congener BDE-47; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, standard deviation; Polychlorinated biphenyl, standard deviation; Polychlorinated biphenyl 138; Polychlorinated biphenyl 153; Polychlorinated biphenyl 156; Polychlorinated biphenyl 170; Polychlorinated biphenyl 180; Polychlorinated biphenyl 183; Polychlorinated biphenyl 187; Standard deviation; trans-Nonachlor

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 44 data points

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Electronic Resource

Optic Neuritis and Encephalomyelitis in Monkey produced with Human Optic Nerve (1962)

VULPE, M. ; MEYER, J. S. ; GOODMAN, M.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 196 (1962), S. 901-902

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] In the investigation reported here we attempted to determine whether the adult human optic nerve contains an antigen common to the brain, cerebellum and spinal cord. Since the brain antigen which causes experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is tissue and not species specific4, we felt justified ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/196901b0

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Electronic Resource

Distribution of metals during digestion by cutthroat trout fed benthic invertebrates contaminated in the Clark Fork River, Montana and the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, U.S.A., and fed artificially contaminated Artemia (2000)

Farag, A. M. ; Suedkamp, M. J. ; Meyer, J. S. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The concentrations of essential amino acids in three, undigested invertebrate diets collected from the Clark Fork River (CFR) for cutthroat trout were similar to each other, but were c. 25–75% less than Artemia that were exposed to a mixture of arsenic, copper, cadmium, lead and zinc in the laboratory. The Artemia diet appeared less palatable and the texture, quantity and appearance of the intestinal contents differed between fish fed the Artemia and CFR diets. The Pb% in the fluid fraction of the intestinal contents was greater for the Artemia (29%) than for the CFR diets (10–17%), and the Cu% in the amino acid plus metal fraction of the intestinal contents was greater for the Artemia (78%) than for two of the three CFR diets (67% and 70%). Intestinal contents of fish fed invertebrate diets collected from various sites on the Coeur d'Alene River (CDA), Idaho, were similar in texture, quantity, and appearance. For fish fed the CDA diets, differences in the distribution of metals among fractions of the digestive fluids appeared to be related to concentrations of metals in the invertebrate diets. Pb% was lowest of all metals in the fluid portion of the intestinal contents. However, 〉80% of all metals in the hind gut were associated with the particulate fraction where they may still be available for uptake through pinocytosis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02093.x

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Electronic Resource

A reevaluation of the toxicity of coal conversion process waters (1981)

Parkhurst, B. R. ; Meyer, J. S. ; DeGraeve, G. M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1981), S. 9-15

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ISSN: 1432-0800

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622046

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6

Electronic Resource

Concentrations of Metals Associated with Mining Waste in Sediments, Biofilm, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Fish from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho (1998)

Farag, A. M. ; Woodward, D. F. ; Goldstein, J. N. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 34 (1998), S. 119-127

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ISSN: 1432-0703

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine

Notes: Abstract. Arsenic, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn were measured in sediments, biofilm, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish from the Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River to characterize the pathway of metals transfer between these components. Metals enter the CDA Basin via tributaries where mining activities have occurred. In general, the ranking of food-web components from the greatest to smallest concentrations of metals was as follows: biofilm (the layer of abiotic and biotic material on rock surfaces) and sediments 〉 invertebrates 〉 whole fish. Elevated Pb was documented in invertebrates, and elevated Cd and Zn were documented in sediment and biofilm approximately 80 km downstream to the Spokane River. The accumulation of metals in invertebrates was dependent on functional feeding group and shredders-scrapers that feed on biofilm accumulated the largest concentrations of metals. Although the absolute concentrations of metals were the largest in biofilm and sediments, the metals have accumulated in fish approximately 50 km downstream from Kellogg, near the town of Harrison. While metals do not biomagnify between trophic levels, the metals in the CDA Basin are bioavailable and do biotransfer. Trout less than 100 mm long feed exclusively on small invertebrates, and small invertebrates accumulate greater concentrations of metals than large invertebrates. Therefore, early-lifestage fish may be exposed to a larger dose of metals than adults.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900295

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Electronic Resource

Acute and embryo-larval toxicity of phenolic compounds to aquatic biota (1980)

DeGraeve, G. M. ; Geiger, D. L. ; Meyer, J. S. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 9 (1980), S. 557-568

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ISSN: 1432-0703

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine

Notes: Abstract Because of the prevalence of phenolic compounds in various types of effluents, both acute and embryo-larval bioassays were performed on eight phenolic compounds with rainbow trout, fathead minnows andDaphnia pulicaria. In flow-through bioassays, the 96-hr LC50 values for rainbow trout and fathead minnows ranged from 〈0.1 mg/L for hydroquinone to 〉100 mg/L for resorcinol.Daphnia pulicaria was consistently the least sensitive species tested as measured in 48-hr bioassays, while fathead minnows and rainbow trout varied in their relative sensitivity to phenolics as measured in 96-hr tests. Fathead minnows were more sensitive to phenol at 25°C than at 14°C. In embryo-larval bioassays with phenol, fathead minnow growth was significantly reduced by 2.5 mg/L phenol, while rainbow trout growth was significantly reduced by 0.20 mg/L phenol. For both species the embryolarval effects concentration was 1.1% of the 96-hr LC50. Another embryolarval bioassay was attempted withp-benzoquinone, a highly toxic phenolic compound found in fossil fuel processing wastewaters, which was discontinued because the compound was rapidly degraded chemically or biologically in the headtank and aquaria.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056935

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Electronic Resource

Neutron interactions in liquid 2 3 He (1997)

Meyer, J. S. ; Sloan, T.

Springer

Journal of low temperature physics 108 (1997), S. 345-354

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ISSN: 1573-7357

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Physics

Notes: Abstract The exothermic neutron capture reaction n+ 2 3 He→p+ 1 3 H has recently been used to deposit a well known energy in liquid 2 3 He. In this paper we describe calculations of the distribution of the energy deposited in the interaction region resulting from such capture reactions in liquid 2 3 He. This calculation is of interest in the interpretation of the low temperature experiments to simulate cosmic string formation in the early Universe. In addition we calculate the fraction of the energy which is absorbed by interactions with atomic electrons compared to the total, including non ionising mechanisms (the so-called Lindhard factors).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02398719

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